Chapter 143

NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS OF WOMEN.

The most conspicuous and significant movement which challenges attention at the beginning of the new century is that toward organization, and the three great combinations which stand out most prominently in interest and importance are the organization of capital, the organization of labor and the organization of women. We scarcely can go back so far in history as not to find men banded together to protect their mutual interests, but associations of women are of very modern date. The oldest on record was formed in Philadelphia, in the closing days of the eighteenth century--Female Society for the Relief and Employment of the Poor--which in 1798 established a house of industry in Arch St., known as the Home for Spinners. The society is still in active existence and gives employment to a large number of women. Church Missionary Societies of Women had their origin early in the century, but as mere annexes to those officered and managed by men. The first association to approach national prominence was the Female Anti-Slavery Society, founded in Boston in 1833, which almost cost the reputation of every one who joined it, so strong was the prejudice against any public action on the part of women. The American Female Guardian Society and Home for the Friendless was established in New York in 1834, and still exists, having cared for 50,000 children. Later in this decade Female Bible Societies came into being to supply Bibles to penal and charitable institutions and to put them in various public places.

From 1840 to 1850 the old Washingtonian Societies, composed entirely of men, were gradually replaced by the Sons of Temperance, and as they also were decidedly averse to receiving women into their organization, and as the latter were deeply interested in the subject, a few of them timidly formed the Daughters of Temperance, in the face of extreme opposition on the part of both sexes. In the decade following commenced the agitation of the question of Woman Suffrage, and soon conventions in its interest began to be of frequent occurrence, to the joy of the newspapers, most of which treated them with ridicule and denunciation.

The decade ushered in by 1860 brought the long Civil War, during which, in the Sanitary Commission, the Woman's Loyal League, the Freedmen's Bureau and other associations, women displayed an unsuspected power of organization, and at its close their status in many ways was completely changed and greatly advanced.

In 1868 the country was electrified by the advent of Sorosis in New York City and the New England Woman's Club in Boston. These were the first societies formed by women purely for their own recreation and improvement--all others had been for the purpose of reforming the weak and sinful or assisting the needy and unfortunate--and they met with a storm of derision and protest from all parts of the country, which their founders courageously ignored. The last quarter of a century has witnessed so many organizations of women that it would be practically impossible to record even their names. Every village which is big enough for a church contains also a woman's club, and they exist in many country neighborhoods. In the larger cities single societies have from 500 to 1,000 members, and in a number handsome club houses have been built and furnished, some of them costing from $50,000 to $80,000.

From 1850 the annual conventions in the interest of Woman's Rights were called under the auspices of a Central Committee, but in 1869 the National and American Woman Suffrage Associations were formed. Five years later the Woman's Christian Temperance Union sprang into existence. There are now more than one hundred associations of women in the United States which are national in their form and aims, and a number have become international through their alliance with those of other countries. In 1888, in Washington City, the National Council of Women, a heroic undertaking, was founded to gather these vast and diverse organizations into one great body. By 1900 sixteen had become thus affiliated, representing a membership of about 1,125,000 women.

An International Council also was organized in 1888 to be composed of similar National Councils in various countries and to meet in a Congress every five years. At the close of the century fourteen National Councils had affiliated with the International, representing a membership of 6,000,000. This is not only immeasurably larger than any other association of women but is exceeded in size by very few organizations of men, and its two great Congresses--during the Columbian Exposition at Chicago in 1893, and at London in 1899--were occasions of world-wide interest and value.

Each of the more than one hundred national associations of women in the United States holds its annual, biennial or triennial convention in some one of the large cities, which is attended by delegates from all parts of the country. The sessions are presided over by a woman, discussions are carried on with due attention to parliamentary usage, a large amount of business is transacted with system and accuracy, and in every respect these meetings compare favorably with those conducted by men after centuries of experience. They are treated with the greatest respect by the newspapers which vie with each other in publishing pictures of the delegates, their addresses and extended and complimentary reports of the proceedings. The character of these national organizations, the scope of their objects and the extent of their achievements can in no way be so strikingly illustrated as by giving a list of the most important.[498]

THE INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL OF WOMEN was organized March 31, 1888, in Washington, D. C., "to unite the women of all the countries in the world for the promotion of co-operative internationalism through the abatement of that prejudice which springs from ignorance and which can be corrected only by that knowledge which results from personal acquaintance.

"In the first place its influence has united different organizations of the same country hitherto indifferent or inimical to each other; and in the second it has commenced the work of uniting the women of different nations and abating race prejudice. It has promoted the movement of peace and arbitration, and through its international committees it is forming a central bureau of information in regard to women's contribution to the work of the world."

It is composed at present of fourteen National Councils of as many different countries representing an individual membership of about 6,000,000 women. Its president is Mrs. May Wright Sewall, who was one of its founders.

THE NATIONAL COUNCIL OF WOMEN was organized in Washington, D. C., March 31, 1888. Its constitution is introduced by the following preamble:

"We, women of the United States, sincerely believing that the best good of our homes and nation will be advanced by our own greater unity of thought, sympathy and purpose, and that an organized movement of women will best conserve the highest good of the family and the State, do hereby band ourselves together in a confederation of workers committed to the overthrow of all forms of ignorance and injustice, and to the application of the Golden Rule to society, custom and law. This Council is organized in the interest of no one propaganda, and has no power over its auxiliaries beyond that of suggestion and sympathy; therefore, no society voting to become auxiliary shall thereby render itself liable to be interfered with in respect to its complete organic unity, independence or methods of work, or be committed to any principle or method of any other society or to any utterance or act of the Council itself, beyond compliance with the terms of this constitution."

The scope of the Council's work is indicated by the heads of its departments: Home Life, Educational Interests, Church and Missionary Work, Temperance, Art, Moral Reform, Political Conditions, Philanthropy, Social Economics, Foreign Relations, Press, Organization; and by its standing committees: Citizenship, Domestic Science, Equal Pay for Equal Work, Dress Reform, Social Purity, Domestic Relations under the Law, Press, Care of Dependent and Delinquent Children, Peace and Universal Arbitration.

Each of these departments and committees works along its special lines and at the annual executive meetings and the triennial Councils the reports of their work are discussed, their recommendations considered and every possible assistance rendered. The general public is invited to the evening sessions and valuable addresses are made by specialists on the above and other important subjects.

The Council is composed of sixteen national organizations, one State Council, six local councils--representing a membership of about 1,125,000 women.

THE NATIONAL WOMAN'S CHRISTIAN TEMPERANCE UNION was organized in Cleveland, Ohio, Nov. 18-20, 1874, to carry the precepts of the following pledge into the practice of everyday life: "I hereby solemnly promise, God helping me, to abstain from all distilled, fermented and malt liquors, including wine, beer and cider, and to employ all proper means to discourage the use of and traffic in the same."

Its object was further stated as follows: "To confirm and enforce the rationale of this pledge, we declare our purpose to educate the young; to form a better public sentiment; to reform, so far as possible, by religious, ethical and scientific means, the drinking classes; to seek the transforming power of divine grace for ourselves and all for whom we work, that they and we may wilfully transcend no law of pure and wholesome living; and finally we pledge ourselves to labor and to pray that all these principles, founded upon the Gospel of Christ, may be worked out into the Customs of Society and the Laws of the Land."

The W. C. T. U. is held to be the most perfectly organized body of women in existence. It originated the idea of Scientific Temperance Instruction in the public schools and has secured mandatory laws in every State and a federal law governing the District of Columbia, the Territories and all Indian and military schools supported by the Government; 16,000,000 children in the public schools receive instruction under these laws as to the nature and effect of alcohol and other narcotics on the human system. Through its efforts the quarterly temperance lesson was included in the International Sunday School Lesson Series in 1884, and a World's Universal Temperance Sunday was secured; 250,000 children are taught scientific reasons for temperance in the Loyal Temperance Legions, and all these children are pledged to total abstinence and trained as temperance workers. W. C. T. U. Schools of Methods are held in all Chautauqua gatherings.

This organization has largely influenced the change in public sentiment in regard to social drinking, equal suffrage, equal purity for both sexes, equal remuneration for work equally well done, equal educational, professional and industrial opportunities for women. It has been a chief factor in State campaigns for statutory prohibition, constitutional amendment, reform laws in general and those for the protection of women and children in particular, and in securing anti-gambling and anti-cigarette laws. It has been instrumental in raising the "age of protection" for girls in many States and in obtaining curfew laws in 400 towns and cities. It aided in securing the Anti-Canteen Amendment to the Army Bill (1900) which prohibits the sale of intoxicating liquors at all army posts. It helped to inaugurate police matrons who are now required in nearly all the large cities of the United States. It organized Mothers' Meetings in thirty-seven States before any other society took up the work. Illinois alone has held 2,000 Mothers' Meetings in a single year.

It keeps a superintendent of legislation in Washington during the entire session of Congress to look after reform bills. It aided in preventing the repeal of the prohibitory law in Indian Territory, the resubmission of the prohibitory constitution of Maine, and in preserving the prohibitory law of Vermont. It has secured 20,000,000 signatures and attestations, including 7,000,000 on the Polyglot Petition to the governments of the world. Thousands of girls have been rescued from lives of shame and tens of thousands of men have signed the total abstinence pledge and been redeemed from inebriety through its efforts.

The association protests against the legalizing of all crimes, especially those of prostitution and liquor selling. It protests against the sale of liquor in Soldiers' Homes, where now an aggregate of $253,027 is spent annually for intoxicating liquors, and only about one-fifth of the soldiers' pension money is sent home to their families. It protests against the United States Government receiving a revenue for liquors sold within prohibitory territory, either local or State, and against all complicity of the Federal Government with the liquor traffic. It protests against lynching and lends its aid in favor of the enforcement of law. It works for the highest well-being of our soldiers and sailors and especially for suitable temperance canteens and a generous mess. It works for the protection of the home, especially against its chief enemy, the liquor traffic, and for the redemption of our Government from this curse, by the prohibition of the manufacture and sale of intoxicating liquors for beverage purposes.

The organizing of this great society in the various States and Territories, and the systematizing of the work under forty different departments, is due to the efforts of Miss Frances E. Willard more than to any other one person, and its success is indebted largely to her ability and personal popularity. As its president until her death in 1898, she not only perfected the organization in this country, but originated the idea of the Polyglot Petition and of the World's W. C. T. U., which was organized under the auspices of that of the United States. It now includes fifty-eight different countries and has 500,000 members.

The official organ, _The Union Signal_, a weekly of sixteen pages, is issued by the Woman's Temperance Publishing Association of Chicago, which publishes also _The Young Crusader_ and many books and leaflets. The National W. C. T. U. gives away 5,000,000 pages of literature per year, exclusive of that circulated by the States and different departments. It has received and expended since its organization in round numbers $400,000. This does not include the large expenditures of the various State and local unions.

Every State and Territory in the United States, including Alaska and Hawaii, has a W. C. T. U., and one is beginning in the Philippines. These are auxiliary to the National. It is organized locally in over 10,000 cities and towns. The Young Woman's Christian Temperance Union is called a branch, also the Loyal Temperance Legions among children. There are thirty-eight other departments, and it is usual to include the two branches and speak of forty departments. The membership paying dues is 300,000. There was a gain of 15,000 members this year above all losses.

The Frances E. Willard National Temperance Hospital and Training School for Nurses, in Chicago, is owned and controlled by an incorporated board of thirty trustees. Its basic principle is the cure of disease without the use of alcohol as an active medicinal agent. Eminent physicians are on the staff and every effort is made to have it rank with the very best of hospitals.

At the national convention in Washington, D. C., in 1900, fifty States and Territories were represented by 509 delegates. Mrs. Lillian M. N. Stevens succeeded Miss Willard as president.

THE AMERICAN NATIONAL RED CROSS SOCIETY was organized March 1, 1882, with headquarters at Washington, D. C. Its object is the relief of suffering by war, pestilence, famine, flood, fires, and other calamities of sufficient magnitude to be deemed national in extent. It is governed by the provisions of the International Convention of Aug. 22, 1864, at Geneva, Switzerland.

Up to the present time relief has been given on fields as follows: Michigan forest fires, 1881, material and money, $80,000; Mississippi floods, 1882, money and seeds, $8,000; Mississippi floods, 1883, material and seeds, $18,500; Mississippi cyclone, 1883, money, $1,000; Balkan war, 1883, money, $500; Ohio and Mississippi river floods, 1884, food, clothing, tools, housefurnishings and feed for stock, $175,000; Texas famine, 1885, appropriations and contributions, $120,000; Charleston, S. C., earthquake, 1886, money, $500; Mt. Vernon, Ill., cyclone, 1888, money and supplies, $85,000; Florida yellow fever epidemic, 1888, physicians and nurses, $15,000; Johnstown, Pa., flood disaster, 1889, money and all kinds of building material, furniture, etc., $250,000; Russian famine, 1891-2, food, $125,000; Pomeroy, Ia., cyclone, 1893, money and nurses, $2,700; South Carolina Islands hurricane and tidal wave disaster, money and all kinds of supplies, material, tools, seeds, lumber, $65,000; reconcentrado relief in Cuba, 1898-9, $500,000; American-Spanish War, 1898-9, $450,000; Galveston flood and hurricane, 1900, $120,000; total, $2,016,200.

Miss Clara Barton was its principal founder and has been its president continuously.

THE ASSOCIATION OF COLLEGIATE ALUMNAE was organized January 14, 1882; incorporated by special act of the Massachusetts Legislature, April 20, 1899, to unite the alumnae of different institutions for practical educational work.

From 1890 to 1901 the association gave fourteen $500 European fellowships (sharing two others) and ten $300 American fellowships. Among those holding the fellowships was the first woman admitted to the laboratory of the United States Fish Commission, the first woman to receive the Ph. D. degree from Yale, the first woman admitted to Göttingen University, the first woman permitted to work in the biological laboratory at Strasburg University, the first American woman to receive the degree of Ph. D. from any German university, and the first American woman to receive a Ph. D. from Göttingen and Heidelberg Universities.

The character of the work accomplished by those holding fellowships made it possible for the association to establish, three years ago, a Council to Accredit Women for Advanced Work in Foreign Universities. Any woman applicant, college graduate or otherwise, found qualified in work, character and serious purpose, receives a certificate properly signed and attested which will secure for her, if possible to any woman, the courtesy and privileges desired at a foreign university.

The organization contributes to the support of the Association for Maintaining the American Woman's Table at the Zoological Station at Naples and to that for Promoting Scientific Research by Women. The latter pays $500 annually for the support of the Woman's Table, and to promote research has just offered a prize of $1,000, which offer, it is expected, will be renewed biennially.

The A. C. A. Committee on Corporate Membership maintains a high standard of colleges whose graduates are admitted to this organization, which has done much in a quiet way to raise the standards of department work, equipment and endowment of American colleges admitting women.

For the past three years the association has published a magazine containing the addresses and reports given at its annual meetings. Among its other publications are statistics relative to the Health of College Women (1885); a Bibliography of the Higher Education of Women (1897); a full descriptive list of the fellowships for graduate study open to women in this country, together with a list of the undergraduate scholarships offered to women in the nineteen colleges belonging to the A. C. A. (1899). It will soon issue studies of the growth and development of colleges, a supplement to the Bibliography of the Higher Education of Women, a study of the child from the point of view of parents and teachers, and a comprehensive statistical investigation into the health, occupations and marriage-rate of college and non-college women.

The work of the national association is carried on largely by standing committees which are under the leadership of the women most notable in education--college presidents, deans and professors. Meanwhile, the president, six vice-presidents and presidents of the various branches, acting through a salaried secretary-treasurer, give coherency and support to the development of its various objects. In addition, each branch has committees which deal with local issues, such as public school work of all kinds, home economics, development of children, civil service reform, college settlements, etc. The investigation of the sanitary conditions of the Boston public schools, 1895-1896, started the wave of schoolhouse cleaning which has swept across the country and which has not stopped at schoolhouses but has included school boards and systems of school administration. The Chicago branch has just issued a summary of laws relating to compulsory education and child-labor in the United States, which shows the inadequacy of the first (except in three States) and the lack of correlation between the two which makes for lawlessness and crime. It is hoped that this summary will serve as a basis for agitation which shall not cease until compulsory education becomes a fact and not a theory.

The association has twenty-five branches and 3,000 members.

THE ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF WOMEN was organized in New York in October, 1873, at the very beginning of the club movement, to interest the women of the country in matters of high thought and in all undertakings found to be useful to society, and to promote their efficiency in these through sympathetic acquaintance and co-operation. It had a number of distinguished presidents and held congresses in many States, which almost invariably led to the formation of local clubs for study and mutual improvement, as well as to good works in other lines. Among the cities in which a congress was held were New York, Syracuse, Buffalo, Cleveland, Detroit, Chicago, Des Moines, Denver, Madison, St. Paul, Toronto, Baltimore, Memphis, Knoxville, Louisville, Atlanta and New Orleans. Many distinguished women were included in its membership and it had a strong influence in rendering possible the extensive formation of the women's clubs which are now so important a feature in American society. Its work is partly chronicled in two large volumes which give the papers presented and action taken at the meetings. The many great organizations of women in recent years have made further work on the part of the association unnecessary.

THE GENERAL FEDERATION OF WOMEN'S CLUBS was organized March 20, 1890, to bring into communication the various women's clubs in order that they may compare methods and become mutually helpful. The work is accomplished through three committees--Art, Education and Industries. Those on Art have used their influence toward its study and its application to the home, and also for the quickening of enthusiasm in horticulture and gardening, from which has developed the beautifying of public squares and school yards. In Education some of the most important results are the establishment of hundreds of traveling libraries, assistance in organizing and fostering kindergartens, encouragement of manual training in the public schools, and the formation of Mothers' Clubs for the study of child culture. The federation has worked with other organizations for the appointment of women on school boards and legislation for broader educational advantages for women. In fact, its work has ranged from kindergarten to university.

The Industrial Committee studies conditions surrounding wage-earning women and children and encourages co-operation between the woman of leisure and the one who is self-supporting, and the organization of laboring women in unions and clubs. One principal object is to eliminate the child from the factory and then to educate it. The Civic work has ranged from Health Protective Associations in cities to Village Improvement Societies.

There are thirty-six State Federations, eleven foreign clubs and nearly 700 individual clubs belonging to the federation, representing over 200,000 members (1900).

THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF COLORED WOMEN was organized July, 1896, to arouse all women, especially colored women, to a sense of their responsibility, both in molding the life of the home and in shaping the principles of the nation; to secure the co-operation of all women in whatever is undertaken in the interest of justice, purity and liberty; to inspire in all women, but especially in colored women, a desire to be useful in whatever field of labor they can work to the best advantage.

Kindergartens and day nurseries for the infants of working women have been established; mothers' meetings have been generally held and sewing classes formed; a sanitarium with a training school for nurses has been founded in New Orleans; ground purchased on which an Old Folks' Home is to be built in Memphis, and charity dispensed in various ways. Women on plantations in the "black belt" of Alabama have been taught how to make their huts decent and habitable with the small means at their command, and how to care for themselves and their families in accordance with the rules of health. Schools of Domestic Science are conducted, and a large branch is that of Business Women's Clubs. The Convict Lease System, "Jim Crow" Car Laws, Lynching and other barbarities are thoroughly discussed, in the hope that some remedy for these evils may be discovered. Statistics concerning the progress and achievements of colored people are being gathered. Musical clubs are formed to develop this inherent gift. An organ is published called _Notes_, edited by Mrs. Booker T. Washington and an assistant in each State.

The association has 125 branches in twenty-six States and over 8,000 members.

THE NATIONAL CONGRESS OF MOTHERS held its first public convention at Washington in February, 1897, and permanent organization was effected there in 1898. Its objects are to raise the standards of home life; to give young women opportunities to learn how to care for children; to bring into closer relations the home and the school; to surround the childhood of the whole world with that wise, loving care in the impressionable years of life which will develop good citizens.

Practical efforts have been made to accomplish all of these objects. Mothers have used their influence in behalf of free kindergartens in the public schools; in having school buildings properly constructed, lighted, heated and ventilated, and for shorter hours in school and less study outside. They have lent their efforts to the uplifting of the drama, since, rightfully used, it can be made a powerful educational factor, and have worked for a pure press, recognizing that it is the greatest material power in the world today. They have regarded their children first of all as future mothers and fathers, next as citizens, and they are demanding that public educational systems adopt their standards of values in the adjustment of curricula.

They have established Mothers' Clubs in many communities, especially among women whose opportunities for training of any kind have been meager; have seen that creches and free kindergartens are provided for the children of the poor; that reading rooms are open for the use of boys and girls; have urged that women should serve upon all school boards and those of all prisons and reformatory institutions; have taken the city fathers to task wherever laws pertaining to the cleanliness and health of a community are not enforced; have called mass meetings once a month to discuss questions pertaining to the welfare of the child; by precept and example have set forth the advantages of simplicity of dress and entertainment, and have interested themselves in all kinds of humane work.

State Congresses have been formed in nine States, exact membership not known. Mrs. Theodore W. Birney was the founder of the organization and has been its president continuously.

THE NATIONAL WOMAN'S RELIEF SOCIETY was organized March 17, 1842, at Nauvoo, Ills., being almost the oldest woman's society in existence. It became national in 1868 and was incorporated in 1892, to assist the needy, and to care for the afflicted, to lift up the fallen, to ameliorate the condition of suffering humanity, to encourage habits of industry and economy; to give special attention to those who have not had proper training for life, to sacredly care for the dying and the dead, to minister to the lonely, however lowly, in the spirit of grace and heavenly charity.

It has been a veritable school of instruction to thousands of women, and its organization is so perfect that it is comparatively easy to carry out any plan of work formed by the General Board. Donations are almost entirely by the members themselves, and they have working meetings, bazars and fairs occasionally to raise means for the needful purposes. Many of the branches have built houses for meetings and some also own houses for their poor instead of paying rent. Industries have been carried on to supply work to such as were able to do something for their own support. Of these the most notable is the silk industry in Utah. Over 100,000 bushels of wheat have been stored in granaries against a day of famine or scarcity. Hundreds of nurses and many midwives have been trained under the fostering care of the society. At present money is being raised by donation to erect a commodious building in Salt Lake City opposite the Temple, suitable for headquarters.

The society has 659 branches and 30,000 members in this and other countries and upon the islands of the sea. Mrs. Eliza R. Snow and Mrs. Zina D. H. Young have been the only two presidents.

THE INTERNATIONAL SUNSHINE SOCIETY had its origin in the early nineties in a department edited by Mrs. Cynthia Westover Alden in the New York _Recorder_, which she afterwards carried into the _Tribune_. It was first called the Shut-In Society, but the present name was adopted in 1896 and it was incorporated in 1900.

Its object is to incite its members to the performance of helpful deeds, and to thus bring happiness into the greatest possible number of hearts and homes. The membership fee consists of some act or suggestion that will carry sunshine where it is needed. This may be the exchange of books, pictures, etc., loaning or giving useful articles, suggesting ideas for work that can be done by a "shut-in" and sending the materials for it, making holiday suggestions and a general exchange of helpful ideas.

There are many Sunshine libraries, some of them traveling, all over the United States and Canada. In Memphis there is a Sunshine Home for Aged Men, a Newsboys' Club House and a Lunch Room for Working Girls. Several branches have Sunshine wards in hospitals. The leading women's clubs have Sunshine Committees, and hundreds of churches have them in their King's Daughters' and Christian Endeavor Societies. Among the thousands of articles which have been placed where they will do the most good are pianos, sewing machines, invalid chairs, baby carriages, furniture and clothing of every description.

There are more than 100,000 members and over 2,000 well-organized branches. The society is officered and managed by women and they compose the immense majority of the members. Mrs. Alden has been the president continuously.

THE NATIONAL COUNCIL OF JEWISH WOMEN was organized in Chicago in 1893, as a result of the Congress of Jewish Women, which was a branch of the Parliament of Religions held during the Columbian Exposition. Its objects are to bring about closer relations among Jewish women and a means of prosecuting work of common interest; to further united efforts in behalf of Judaism through a better knowledge of the Bible, Jewish literature and conditions. It has given much attention to social reform through preventive philanthropy and it affiliates with many organizations of women interested in the public welfare. The Council conducts manual training and industrial schools, sewing and household schools, kitchen gardens, kindergartens, mothers' clubs, boys' clubs, circulating libraries, reading rooms, free baths, employment bureaus, milk and ice depots for the poor, crippled children's classes and many other philanthropies.

During the Spanish-American War the Council contributed about $10,000 in money and goods, and in several cities was the first organization to undertake this relief work. It has sixty-three sections in various States and 6,000 members. Mrs. Hannah G. Solomon has been president continuously.

THE WOMEN'S NATIONAL INDIAN ASSOCIATION was organized in March, 1879, for the civilization, education, enfranchisement and Christianization of the native Indians of the United States; the first society devoted exclusively to Indian advancement, to ask and labor for all these; to demand from the Government lands in severalty, citizenship, industrial teaching and education for the aborigines (1881), and these were granted in the passage of the Dawes Severalty Bill in February, 1887.

Besides its important work politically, beginning a movement which has gained 60,000 Indian citizens, at least 25,000 of whom pay taxes and 10,000 of whom voted at the last elections, it has opened directly or indirectly Christian, educational and industrial instruction at forty-seven stations, or in as many tribes; has builded many Indian homes, starting civilized industries in these and in tribes, furnishing agricultural implements, sewing machines, looms, stock, etc., from a loan fund of $12,000. It has various other departments of help for red men--schools, libraries, temperance teaching, etc.--and has expended in all these (besides sending missionary boxes of supplies for the aged and helpless into seventy tribes) from $15,000 to $28,000 annually. It has now a House of Industries where women and girls are taught sewing, knitting, weaving, etc. Altogether forty-one buildings have been erected.

The Association has nearly 100 branches in between thirty and forty States and Territories and has several thousand members. Mrs. Amelia Stone Quinton was general secretary from the beginning for eight years, and has since been president continuously.

THE NATIONAL LEAGUE OF WOMEN WORKERS was organized April 29, 1897, in the interest of working women and their clubs. It is intended that the League shall stand as a central bureau of information, offering counsel and help when sought, but not placing restrictions upon any club. It has issued various publications, a monthly magazine, _The Club Worker_, a collection of songs, one of practical talks, another of plays and of entertainments; also a pamphlet entitled How to Start a Club. It has made a collection of all publications issued by the various auxiliary State associations and clubs, which are distributed free of charge to members. Between 8,000 and 9,000 publications are annually sold and distributed. The secretary each year visits from fifty to one hundred clubs to acquaint them with the work of other similar organizations. The League has collected data relating to the management of lunch clubs, vacation houses and co-operative homes for working women.

It is made up of five associations, and includes 100 clubs in Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, Pennsylvania and Maryland, with a membership of over 8,000.

THE NATIONAL CHRISTIAN LEAGUE FOR THE PROMOTION OF SOCIAL PURITY was organized in New York in October, 1885, and a national charter was obtained in 1889. Its object is to elevate opinion respecting the nature and claims of morality, with its equal obligation upon men and women, and to secure a practical recognition of its precepts on the part of the individual, the family and the nation; to organize the efforts of Christians in preventive, educational, reformatory and legislative effort in the interest of Social Purity. It uses every righteous means to free women and girls from financial dependence upon men, not only by seeking to raise the status of domestic service, but by teaching the advantages of self-support in every kind of legitimate business. During the past six years the League has secured employment directly for 3,300 applicants; it has supplied temporal and social benefits to thousands of distressed women; furnished more than 5,000,000 pages of literature helpful to all the people; prevented and stopped immoral shows and impure exhibitions; clothed the naked, fed the hungry and housed the shelterless.

The League has Hospital Auxiliaries, Social Culture Clubs, Industrial Homes with training for Italians and other foreigners; members in nearly every State and Territory--in Europe, China, Japan, India and South America. It was founded by Mrs. Elizabeth B. Grannis, who has been its president continuously.

THE YOUNG LADIES' NATIONAL MUTUAL IMPROVEMENT ASSOCIATION was organized at Salt Lake City in June, 1869. Associations were formed in different States, and these were gradually grouped into "stake" or county societies, each one presided over by a president and her board of workers. On June 19, 1880, an organization of these "stakes" was effected and a general president elected. The object is mutual improvement for all, in spiritual, mental and physical conditions.

It is an educational association and has bettered the condition of thousands of girls, leading them toward the light, cultivating unselfishness, a love of humanity, and a desire to help the world; it has given to all its members a deeper, truer, purer education than they could otherwise have obtained. While not strictly a beneficiary organization, it disburses several thousand dollars a year. It owns considerable property, including houses and libraries.

The association has 507 branches and 22,000 members in ten States and Territories and a number of foreign countries. Mrs. Elmina Shepard Taylor has been president since 1878.

THE NATIONAL KINDERGARTEN UNION was organized in July, 1892, to unite kindergarten interests; to promote the establishment of kindergartens, and to elevate the standard of their training and teaching. It has instituted more friendly relations between kindergartners, bringing together the conservative and radical elements upon a common platform. A broader conception of the principles of Froebel and their relation to education in general has been promoted, thus enlarging the scope of the kindergarten idea and widening its influence. There are at present seventy branches with 6,000 members.

THE WOMAN'S PRISON ASSOCIATION AND ISAAC T. HOPPER HOME was organized by Mr. Hopper in 1845 in New York and incorporated in 1854. It was afterwards sustained for many years by his daughter, Mrs. Abby Hopper Gibbons. Its object is the amelioration of the condition of women prisoners, the improvement of prison discipline and the government of prisons in respect to women; also the support and encouragement of women convicts after their release. The association has secured in New York the searching of women prisoners by women; a law requiring police matrons; one providing a Reformatory for Women and Girls, and others of like import. The Home is in a large measure self-supporting. From this first organization a number of similar ones have been established and the condition of women prisoners has been much improved.

THE NATIONAL HOUSEHOLD ECONOMIC ASSOCIATION was organized in March, 1893, to promote a scientific knowledge of the care of children, and of the economic and hygienic value of food, fuel and clothing; to inculcate an intelligent knowledge of sanitary conditions in the home, and to urge the recognition of housekeeping as a business or trade which is worthy of highest thought and effort. This was the first organization to present Household Economics in a comprehensive form as an important and profound science. The existence of home departments in nearly every woman's club may be directly or indirectly traced to its influence. From Maine to California women have received from it broader and better views of home and home life. It has vice-presidents in twenty-nine States.

THE NATIONAL WOMAN'S KEELEY RESCUE LEAGUE was organized Sept. 18, 1893, to restore the victim of inebriety and drugs to health and happiness and to aid the unfortunate inebriate to become a self-supporting citizen instead of an object of charity; to visit the families of inebriates and by every means possible aid them to a higher and better life. It has brought sunshine and happiness into more than one thousand desolate homes, and enabled the heads of these homes to become self-supporting. Husbands and wives who have been driven asunder by the curse of drink have been re-united. Thousands of children who would have been thrown upon the world or into charitable institutions have been saved and are now cared for in well-provided homes. Many a family has been kept from becoming a charge upon charity, and the current of many a human life has been turned in wholesome channels.

The League pays for a man's treatment at the time he enters a Keeley Institute, taking his note (properly secured by the indorsement of some friend, when possible), and requiring him to pay back in monthly installments or as his circumstances will permit. This creates a revolving fund to be used over and over again. It has its friendly visitors looking after the family while he is taking the treatment and endeavors to have employment for him upon his return. Men who have been sent to the work-house repeatedly have been permanently reclaimed. The League has eighteen branches and 650 members.

THE NATIONAL FEDERATION OF MUSICAL CLUBS was organized January, 1898, to bring into communication the various musical societies that they may compare methods of work and become mutually helpful; and to arrange in different sections of the country Biennial Musical Festivals. It works for the musical life of the nation by creating a musical atmosphere, studying composers and their works and bringing the best talent in various lines to interpret and illustrate these studies. Large, strong clubs have been helpful in sending their members to those smaller in numbers and weaker financially. Two Musical Festivals have been held, national in character, one in St. Louis in May, 1899, the other in Cleveland in May, 1901, with every possible artistic advantage of the highest talent.

There are branches in thirty-two States and Canada; 160 clubs are federated with 12,000 members.

THE NEEDLEWORK GUILD OF AMERICA was organized April, 1885, to collect new garments and distribute them to hospitals, homes and other charities, and to extend its usefulness by the organization of branches. It has distributed to hospitals, homes and other charities in the United States about 2,500,000 new garments. This includes the results of two or three special collections for national disasters. It has 308 branches in this country.

RELIGIOUS:

THE WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSIONARY SOCIETY OF THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH was organized March 23, 1869. Its object is to engage and unite the efforts of Christian women in sending missionaries to the women in foreign mission fields of the church and in supporting them and the native Christian teachers, and all forms of work carried on by the society. It has collected and disbursed $5,454,700; sent to foreign fields 365 missionaries, and established a great educational work for women throughout the Orient. The first woman's college in Asia, at Lucknow, India, was founded by this society. It sent the first fully equipped medical woman to the mission fields of the East, and built the first hospitals for women in India, China and Korea. Nineteen hospitals and dispensaries are supported by the society, and 246 missionaries in Africa, Burmah, Bulgaria, China, India, Italy, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Mexico, South America and the Philippines, while twenty-four medical women are now in the field. There are 18,000 girls and women in its various schools.

The society has eleven branches, covering the whole United States, 5,410 auxiliaries, and 171,765 members. Mrs. Cyrus D. Foss is president.

THE WOMAN'S HOME MISSIONARY SOCIETY OF THE M. E. CHURCH was organized July 10, 1880, to enlist and organize the efforts of Christian women in behalf of the needy and destitute women and children of all sections of the United States, without distinction of race, and to co-operate with the other societies and agencies of the church in educational and missionary work. The total receipts from July, 1880, to July, 1900, were $2,782,773; total value of property, $736,152. This property consists of twenty industrial homes and schools, six mission homes, two immigrant homes, three children's homes, six centers of city mission work, five deaconess and missionary training schools, twenty-eight deaconess homes, four rest homes for deaconesses and missionaries.

The Society has eighty-nine conferences, 2,500 auxiliary societies, 59,000 adult members and 13,500 children. The Deaconess Department was established in 1888. There are now (1901) 1,160 deaconesses with $1,600,000 invested in real estate connected with their work. Mrs. Clinton D. Fisk is president.

THE WOMEN'S FOREIGN MISSIONARY SOCIETY OF THE METHODIST PROTESTANT CHURCH was organized Feb. 14, 1879, to bring the heathen to Christ. It has established schools, built churches and done a valuable work especially among girls. It has twenty branches and about 3,000 members. Mrs. F. A. Brown of Cardington, O., is serving her twenty-first year as president.

THE WOMAN'S BAPTIST FOREIGN MISSIONARY SOCIETY was organized April 3, 1871. The leading object is the Christianization of women in foreign lands by furnishing support through the American Baptist Missionary Union to Christian women employed by said Union as missionaries, native teachers or Bible readers, together with the facilities needed for their work. Its missionaries have been sent to Burmah, Assam, India, China, Japan and Africa. The home constituency is found in the Baptist churches of the New England and Middle Atlantic States.

The total number of American missionaries supported for a longer or shorter time is 142. Of these seventy-eight are now connected with the society, 112 native Bible women employed as visitors in homes, and 367 boarding and day schools with more than 14,000 pupils are maintained. Many women who have been taught in these schools are exerting a strong influence as Christian wives, mothers and teachers. The medical missionaries have cared for souls and bodies alike. One of these doctors reports 17,000 treatments at her dispensary during the last year. Large sums of money have also been expended for mission work of various kinds under the care of the wives of missionaries. The total amount raised and expended in thirty years is over $2,000,000.

There are numerous auxiliary circles, including about 34,000 women, besides 10,000 younger women organized in guilds.

THE WOMAN'S BAPTIST FOREIGN MISSIONARY SOCIETY of the West was organized May 9, 1871, for the elevation and Christianization of the women of foreign lands by furnishing support to Christian women employed as missionaries, to native teachers and to Bible women, together with the facilities needed for their work. It supports 177 schools, 5,337 pupils, 159 teachers and 94 Bible women. In the medical department it has two hospitals, two dispensaries, twenty medical students and three helpers; 597 patients were treated in the hospitals during the past year and 6,130 outside patients. The amount raised since organization is $885,279, and 105 missionaries have been sent out. There are 1,530 auxiliaries.

THE WOMAN'S BAPTIST HOME MISSION SOCIETY was organized Feb. 1, 1877, to aid in spreading the gospel and to Christianize homes by means of house-to-house visitation and by missions and schools with special reference to exceptional populations in the United States, and among neighboring countries. The missionary training school was organized Sept. 5, 1881, and located at the headquarters of the society, now in Chicago. The same year records the first issue of the monthly organ, _Tidings_, which has grown from a four-page circular to a thirty-two-page magazine, with a monthly circulation of 13,500 copies. The training school has enrolled 518 students. The Society supports also two training schools for negro workers--Shaw University, Raleigh, N. C., and the Caroline Bishop School in Dallas, Texas. It has employed on its own fields 159 missionaries among foreign populations in this country from Europe, Indians, Negroes, Chinese, Syrians (from Asia), Mexicans, Cubans, Porto Ricans and Americans.

The missionaries report, for the year, besides work along many other lines, 80,635 visits in homes. During the twenty-four years the visits reported aggregate 1,152,950, and from the headquarters of the Society have gone 6,478,544 pages of literature. The total cash receipts have been $1,034,104. Besides providing for its own distinctive work, the Society has aided the American Baptist Home Missionary Society from 1882 until 1901 to an extent represented by a total of $91,288.

Figures have a certain value, but the best fruit is seen in the results of the work of the missionaries on the fields, through the visits in homes, women's meetings, children's meetings, industrial schools, parents' conferences, Bible bands, fireside schools, training classes, and the circulation of pure, wholesome literature. Through this womanly ministry uncounted lives have been transformed and a multitude of abodes have become Christian homes. There are 2,807 auxiliaries and about 60,000 members.

THE WOMAN'S AMERICAN BAPTIST HOME MISSION SOCIETY was organized Nov. 14, 1878, for the evangelization of the women among the freed people, the heathen, immigrants and the new settlements of the West, and for evangelizing and educating the women and children in any part of North America. The amount raised during the last year was $38,000; fifty-seven teachers, missionaries and Bible women are supported among colored people, Indians, Mexicans, Mormons, Chinese, Alaskans and French Catholics.

THE FREE BAPTIST WOMAN'S MISSIONARY SOCIETY was organized June 12, 1873, to conduct home and foreign missions. This is believed to be the only Woman's Missionary Society (with possibly the exception of the Christian and the Friends') which from the beginning has been entirely independent and not an auxiliary organization. It has furnished eleven women missionaries for India, one of whom is a professor in the Theological School and two are physicians, and supports a large number of schools, many native and Bible women and extensive zenana work. Besides this it aids all other women missionaries of its denominational conference board by annual appropriations for their local work among women and children at the various stations occupied by Free Baptists. The Rhode Island Kindergarten Hall, the Widows' Home and the Sinclair Orphanage, all located at Benares, province of Orissa, India, are the property of this society.

Its home missionary work is connected with Storer College, Harper's Ferry, W. Va., to which it has furnished thirteen teachers, besides contributing largely to the erection and equipment of two of the main buildings. Its receipts have been about $200,000. It has a permanent fund of about $42,000.

The society has twenty-five State organizations, others in Canada and India, with between 8,000 and 9,000 members.

THE WOMAN'S PRESBYTERIAN BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS OF THE SOUTHWEST was organized at St. Louis in April, 1877; originally to create and foster a practical and intelligent interest in the spiritual condition of women and children in our own land and in heathen lands. Since the close of its fourteenth year its work has been for foreign missions only, being one of the seven woman's auxiliaries to the Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian church in the United States of America. It has given to the cause of missions $249,618, and has had missionaries, as teachers or physicians, in India, China, Japan, Korea, Siam, Persia and South America. The record of their work has been of a nature sufficiently encouraging to warrant continued and larger support. The Board has 605 branches or auxiliary societies and 13,776 members.

THE WOMAN'S BOARD OF HOME MISSIONS OF THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH was organized in December, 1878, to establish and maintain Christian schools among those near home. It has eleven stations in Alaska, eighteen among the Indians, twenty-seven among the Mexicans, thirty-one among the Mormons, forty among the mountaineers, six among the foreigners in this country, five among the Porto Ricans, making a total of 138, with 425 missionaries and teachers and 9,337 pupils.

The Board has secured to the Presbyterian church $750,000 worth of property and has expended about $3,500,000 since organization. Two magazines are published, the _Home Mission Monthly_, and _Over Sea and Land_ for the young, the latter jointly with the Foreign Societies. It has about 5,000 auxiliary societies with about 100,000 members.

THE CHRISTIAN WOMAN'S BOARD OF MISSIONS was organized Oct. 22, 1874, to maintain preachers and teachers for religious instruction; to encourage and cultivate a missionary spirit and effort in the churches; to disseminate missionary intelligence and secure systematic contributions for such purposes; to establish and maintain schools for the education of both sexes.

Fields: The United States, Jamaica, India, Mexico and Porto Rico. Work: University Bible lectureships, Michigan, Virginia, Kansas, Calcutta, India; eighteen schools, four orphanage schools, two kindergartens, four orphanages with 500 children, one Chinese mission, one hospital, three dispensaries, one leper mission, thirty mission stations outside the United States; 135 missionaries, besides native teachers, evangelists, Bible women and other helpers; $900,000 raised during twenty-six years; income last year, $106,728. Its publications are _Missionary Tidings_, circulation 13,500; _Junior Builders_, same circulation; leaflets, calendars, manuals, song books, etc. Property values: United States, $120,000; India, $60,300; Jamaica, $38,550; Porto Rico, $10,000; total, $229,650; amount of endowment funds, $85,000.

This is purely a woman's organization; funds are raised and disbursed, fields entered and work outlined and managed without connection with any "parent board," although relations with other organizations of the church are most cordial. There are thirty-six State organizations, 1,750 auxiliaries, forty-five young ladies' circles, 374 mission bands, 1,711 junior societies of Christian Endeavor, 177 intermediate societies and 40,000 members of auxiliaries.

THE WOMAN'S STATE HOME MISSIONARY ORGANIZATION OF THE CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH represents a slow but steady growth during the past thirty years. Branches exist now in forty-two States and Territories. The last report available, that of 1897, showed $100,768 collected that year and disbursed for the usual home missionary purposes.

THE WOMAN'S CENTENARY ASSOCIATION OF THE UNIVERSALIST CHURCH was organized in 1869 to assist weak parishes, foster Sunday-schools, help educate women students for the ministry, endow professorships in schools and colleges, relieve the wants of sick or disabled preachers, ministers' widows and orphans, distribute denominational literature, and do both home and foreign missionary work. Since its organization it has raised and disbursed over $300,000 and has a permanent fund of $20,500, the interest of which is annually expended for the purposes for which the association was organized. Millions of pages of denominational literature have been distributed. The association has ten State societies and 100 mission (local) circles.

THE NATIONAL ALLIANCE OF UNITARIAN AND OTHER LIBERAL CHRISTIAN WOMEN was organized in 1890. Its objects are primarily to quicken the religious life of Unitarian churches and to bring the women into closer acquaintance, co-operation and fellowship; to promote local organizations of women for missionary and denominational work and to bring the same into association; to collect and disseminate information regarding all matters of interest to the church, viz.: needs of local societies, facilities for meeting them, work to be done, collection and distribution of money, etc.

The Alliance takes part in the missionary work of the denomination, assisting small churches and starting new ones; supports one or more students each year at the Meadville Theological School and maintains several circuit ministers. It has lending and traveling libraries and libraries for ministers, and has established and maintained three permanent ones in places where there was no free library. Through its well-known Post Office Mission it distributes annually about 300,000 sermons and tracts, and through its Cheerful Letter Exchange an untold amount of miscellaneous literature. Money is not disbursed from a central treasury, but is given by the branches which are independent in such matters, an Executive Board making recommendations. The expenditures of the past ten years have been $419,757. The Alliance has 255 branches and nearly 11,000 members.

THE WOMAN'S MISSIONARY ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST was organized Oct. 21, 1875, to engage and unite the efforts of women in sending missionaries into all the world; to support these and other laborers in mission fields, and to secure by gift, bequest and otherwise the funds necessary for these purposes. Valuable missionary work is being done in West Africa, China and the Philippines. The association in the last twenty-five years has raised $311,920. It has forty branches and 13,232 members.

THE WOMAN'S FOREIGN UNION OF FRIENDS was organized May, 1890, to increase the efficiency for spreading the Gospel of Christ among the heathen, and to create an additional bond between the women of the American Yearly Meetings. It has been the instrumentality of greatly quickening the missionary zeal and activity in the denomination. It established missions in Japan, China, India and in unoccupied parts of Mexico, and rendered valuable assistance in planting missions in Alaska, Jamaica and Palestine. It founded and has successfully managed the _Friends' Missionary Advocate_. During the past ten years $300,000 have been raised and expended. It has ten branches and 4,000 members.

THE WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN MISSIONARY SOCIETY OF THE GENERAL SYNOD OF THE EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN CHURCH IN THE U. S. A. was organized in 1879. Its object is to cultivate a missionary spirit, to create a deeper interest in the spread of the Gospel, to disseminate missionary intelligence, and to engage and unite the efforts of Christian women in the Lutheran church in supporting missions and missionaries on home and foreign fields, in co-operation with the Boards of Home and Foreign Missions and Church Extension. In the Foreign field it is now supporting eight women missionaries in India, two of whom are physicians and one a trained nurse. The principal station is Guntur, Madras Presidency. In Africa it is supporting two women missionaries at Muhlenberg, Liberia. In the Home field it has helped support eighteen missions and build churches for twelve of them. The amount contributed by the societies for the year ending March 31, 1902, was $27,286.

The Society has twenty-two Synodical Societies, 760 auxiliaries and 20,452 members, active and honorary and cradle roll, besides 489 life members.

THE WOMAN'S MISSIONARY SOCIETY OF THE GENERAL SYNOD OF THE REFORMED CHURCH was organized in 1887, to aid in the advancement of the work of Christian Missions in Home and Foreign Lands. Individual societies had existed for ten years previous. The last report available is that of 1893, when 144 societies were reported and $10,000 collected during the year. One-third was expended for foreign and two-thirds for home missions. The society has published an official organ, the _Woman's Journal_, since 1894. Women also belong and contribute to the general missionary societies of the church.

THE INTERNATIONAL BOARD OF WOMEN'S AND YOUNG WOMEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATIONS had its beginning in 1871, when thirty of these associations affiliated for biennial conferences. Later they organized as the International Board which became incorporated. Its object is to unite in one central organization these bodies of the United States, Canada and other countries, and to promote the forming of similar ones, to advance the mental, moral, temporal and above all the spiritual welfare of young women.

The Ladies' Christian Union of New York, organized in 1858, was the first work in this country for the welfare of young business women. A home was the imperative need of the friendless young women employed in cities then as it is now, since the small wages received make possible for them only the poorest quarters amid demoralizing conditions. These Christian Women opened a house and took into it as many as they could reach, giving clean rooms, wholesome food, cheap rent, pure moral atmosphere and religious influences. From this developed the Young Women's Christian Association.

The federated associations now own property valued at over $5,000,000. In the evolution of this work the Boarding Homes, now accommodating over 3,000 at one time, have been supplemented as the need arose. The Traveler's Aid Department seeks to reach the young, ignorant girls before the agents of evil who haunt the railroad stations and steamer landings. During 1900 over 10,000 were thus protected. The Employment Bureau during this year assisted over 20,000 applicants. The Educational Department, with day and evening classes, has 15,000 enrolled. There are Recreation Departments, Vacation Homes and many other important features. Every phase of the life of a girl or woman is touched by the association. Religion in its broad sense is its fundamental and guiding principle.

Twenty-three States are represented in sixty associations in the United States and Canada, with over 20,000 voting and contributing members, over 500,000 associate members--self-supporting girls and women--and 2,500 junior members.

THE WOMAN'S NATIONAL SABBATH ALLIANCE was organized in 1895, to educate the women of America to an intelligent appreciation of the relation of this one day in seven to the national life, and to emphasize woman's responsibility and influence, especially in the home and in society. The work is along educational lines--in creating public sentiment in favor of better Sabbath observance. While placing a wedge in every tiny opening, its members have prayed, protested, proclaimed and practiced. Through this organization Christian women have become more fearless in standing for their convictions. The Alliance has twenty-two branches and over 1,000 members.

PATRIOTIC:

THE WOMAN'S RELIEF CORPS, AUXILIARY TO THE GRAND ARMY OF THE REPUBLIC, was organized July 25, 1883. Its object is specially to aid and assist the Grand Army of the Republic and to perpetuate the memory of its heroic dead; to assist such Union veterans as need help and protection, and to extend needful aid to their widows and orphans; to cherish and emulate the deeds of army nurses and of all loyal women who rendered loving service to the country in her hour of peril; to maintain true allegiance to the United States of America; to inculcate lessons of patriotism and love of country among children and in the communities; to encourage the spread of universal liberty and equal rights to all.

General legislation is enacted by the annual national convention, the supreme authority; States are governed by department conventions. The association has educated women in an exact system of reports and returns. There are no "benefits," as it is strictly philanthropic. It supports a National Relief Corps Home for dependent army nurses and relatives of veterans; has secured pension legislation from the general Government for destitute army nurses; has influenced State legislation in the founding of homes for Union veterans and their dependent ones in Colorado, Michigan, Illinois, Missouri, Wisconsin, Indiana, California, New York and Kansas; has led to the establishment of industrial education in the Ohio Orphans' Home; has been foremost in financial aid in every national calamity; has unitedly furthered patriotic teaching in schools and the flag in school rooms; and has raised and expended for relief in the eighteen years of its existence, $2,500,000. The corps has thirty-five departments, 3,174 subordinate corps and 142,760 members.

LADIES OF THE GRAND ARMY OF THE REPUBLIC were organized Jan. 12, 1886, to assist the G. A. R., encourage them in their noble work of charity, extend needful aid to members in sickness and distress and look after the Soldiers' Homes and the Homes of Soldiers' Widows and Orphans; to obtain proper situations for the children when they leave the homes; to watch the schools and see that children are properly instructed in the history of our country and in patriotism; to honor the memory of those fallen and to perpetuate and keep forever sacred Memorial Day. Its departments and circles have spent for relief $16,685 and given to the G. A. R. $2,658; to the Soldiers' Homes, $364; Soldiers' Widows' Homes, $1,461; Soldiers' Orphans' Homes, $179.

The organization has twenty-three departments and 28,070 members--mothers, wives, daughters, sisters, granddaughters and nieces of soldiers and sailors who served honorably in the Civil War.

THE NATIONAL ALLIANCE OF THE DAUGHTERS OF VETERANS OF THE U. S. A. was organized and chartered in 1885, to perpetuate the memories of the fathers and brothers, their loyalty to the Union and their unselfish sacrifices for its perpetuity; to aid them and their widows and orphans, when helpless and in distress; to inculcate a love of country and patriotism among women; to promote equal rights and universal liberty, and to acquire, by donation or otherwise, all necessary property and funds to carry out the aforesaid objects; to assist the G. A. R. to commemorate the deeds of their fallen comrades on the 30th of May.

The Alliance is composed of daughters and granddaughters of the Northern soldiers who fought in the Civil War, 1861-1865, and has a sufficient membership to assure the soldiers that their memory will ever be preserved and their widows and orphans will not want. Over $2,000 are spent yearly for relief. The value of donations other than money is nearly double that amount. It has assisted in obtaining pensions, erected monuments for unknown dead, furnished rooms in Soldiers' and Soldiers' Widows' Homes, furnished transportation for helpless soldiers, presented flags and banners, brightened sickrooms with flowers and cheerful faces. At present it is interested in the erection of Lincoln Memorial University at Mason City, Ia., where one building is to be known as the Daughters of Veterans' Building. There are "tents" scattered all over the Union and many State Departments.

THE MOUNT VERNON LADIES' ASSOCIATION OF THE UNION was organized in 1853. Its purpose was the purchase and preservation of the home and tomb of General Washington with 200 acres of land. The sum of $200,000 was raised by voluntary contributions from the women of the United States.

The Regent is elected by the Council and is a life officer. Mrs. Justine V. R. Townsend of New York is serving at present. The Regent appoints, and the council at its annual meeting ratifies by votes, one lady in each State as vice-regent to represent the State. The association is purely patriotic. The great annual increase of both home and foreign visitors is gratifying, and testifies to the loving veneration in which the memory of Washington is held. The entrance fee of twenty-five cents is sufficient to keep the home and grounds in perfect colonial order.

THE NATIONAL SOCIETY OF THE DAUGHTERS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION was organized Aug. 9, 1890, to perpetuate the memory of the spirit of the men and women who achieved American Independence, by the acquisition and protection of historic spots and the erection of monuments; by the encouragement of historical research in relation to the Revolution, and the publication of its results; by the preservation of documents and relics, and of the records of the individual services of Revolutionary soldiers and patriots, and by the promotion of celebrations of all patriotic anniversaries; to carry out the injunction of Washington in his farewell address to the American people, "to promote, as an object of primary importance, institutions for the general diffusion of knowledge;" to cherish, maintain and extend the institutions of American freedom, to foster true patriotism and love of country, and to aid in securing for mankind all the blessings of liberty.

The society has carried out its desired objects; brought together the women of the North and South; caused many of them to study the constitution of their country and parliamentary law; rescued from oblivion the memory of many heroic women of the Revolution; examined and certified to the 1,000 nurses sent by the Surgeon General's office to the Spanish-American War; raised $300,000 in money and sent 56,000 garments to the hospitals during that war; contributed $85,000 for a Memorial Hall in Washington, D. C. It has organized children's societies and taught them love for the flag and all it means; made foreign-born children realize what it is to be American citizens; offered medals and scholarships for historical essays by pupils in schools and colleges; helped erect the monuments to Lafayette and Washington in Paris. By requiring careful investigation of claims to membership the society has caused many families to become re-united who had been separated by immigration to remote parts of the country, and has stimulated a proper pride of birth--not descent from royalty and nobility but from men and women who did their duty in their generation and left their descendants the priceless heritage of pure homes and honest government. The society has 600 chapters and over 36,000 members.

THE SOCIETY OF THE DAUGHTERS OF THE REVOLUTION was organized Aug. 20, 1891, to perpetuate the patriotic spirit of the men and women who achieved American independence; to commemorate prominent events connected with the War of the Revolution; to collect, publish and preserve the rolls, records and historic documents relating to this period and to encourage the study of the country's history.

Through its State organizations it has marked with tablets historic places; promoted patriotism by gifts of historical pictures to public schools; helped to bring about an observance of Flag Day through the general society; given prizes to various women's colleges for essays on topics connected with the War of the Revolution; raised $5,000 to erect a monument at Valley Forge in memory of Washington's Army. The present work is the establishment of a fund to be loaned in proper sums to girls trying to make their way through college. It has nineteen State societies and 3,200 members.

THE COLONIAL DAMES OF AMERICA were organized in New York City, May 23, 1890, to honor the brave men who in any important service contributed to the achievement of American independence; to collect manuscripts, traditions and relics and to foster a true spirit of patriotism. A hereditary society was deemed the most effective for this purpose. It has made a collection of valuable manuscripts, pedigrees, photographs and books; effected restorations in the old Swedes' Church at Wilmington, placed tablets in Baltimore, to Washington, and in Kingston, N. Y., to Governor Clinton. Historic tableaux have been given in the city of New York, with readings of original papers and lectures by historians. The publication of the "Letters to Washington" from the original manuscripts in the Department of State, has reached its fourth and last volume. For the sick and wounded in the Spanish-American War the society raised about $6,600, with a contribution of hundreds of garments and hospital appliances, and several of its members worked in hospitals and camps.

The society also has its valued social side. It has five chapters in New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Washington and Paris (France), with about 400 members.

THE NATIONAL SOCIETY OF UNITED STATES DAUGHTERS OF 1812 was organized Jan. 8, 1892. Its object is to publish memoirs of famous women of the United States, especially those of the period included in the eligibility of this society; to urge the Government, through an act of Congress, to compile and publish authentic records of men in military and naval service in the war of 1812, and of those in civil service during the period embraced by this society; to secure and preserve documents of the events for which each State was famous during this period; to promote the erection of a home where the descendants of the brave patriots of this war can be sheltered from the storms of life.

The work done in the various States is as follows: Two tablets, one marking New York City defenses during the war and one for "those who served," in the Post Chapel at West Point; Michigan, a monument to General McComb in the heart of Detroit; Maryland, the restoration of Fort McHenry (the inspiration of The Star Spangled Banner); Louisiana, a monument on the field of Cholnette. Massachusetts has received permission to restore the frigate Constitution and is raising $400,000 for this purpose; Pennsylvania is offering prizes in the public schools for historical work, and many other enterprises are under way. It has nineteen State societies with a membership of 776.

THE UNITED DAUGHTERS OF THE CONFEDERACY were organized Sept. 10, 1894. The objects of the society are educational, memorial, literary and benevolent; to collect and preserve material for a truthful history of the War between the States; to honor the memory of those who fought and those who fell in the service of the Confederacy; to cherish the ties of friendship among the members of the society and to fulfil the duties of sacred charity to the survivors of the war and those dependent upon them. Much aid has been given to aged and indigent Confederate soldiers. There are homes for these soldiers in every Southern State and monuments have been erected to the Confederate dead in nearly every city. The orphans of Confederate soldiers have been educated and cared for, and in a number of States the society has seen that correct and impartial histories are used in the public schools. It has 500 branches and about 25,000 members.

LODGES:

THE SUPREME HIVE LADIES OF THE MACCABEES OF THE WORLD was organized Oct. 1, 1892, to extend the benefits of life protection to women; to unite fraternally the wives, mothers, daughters and sisters of the Knights of the Maccabees, as well as other women who are acceptable; to educate its members socially, morally and intellectually. Four hundred and twenty-five death claims were paid in 1900, amounting to $441,380; and twenty-two disability claims, amounting to $2,400. The total amount paid in claims from organization to Jan. 1, 1901, is $1,523,504.

The organization is composed of one supreme body, three subordinate bodies, known as Great Hives, and 1,835 subordinate or local hives, with a membership of 84,657, of whom 19,321 are social and 65,336 benefit members.

THE SUPREME TEMPLE RATHBONE SISTERS OF THE WORLD was organized Oct. 23, 1888, for promoting the moral, mental and social conditions of its members; cultivating a spirit of fraternal love which shall permeate and control their daily lives; ministering in all ways to the wants of the sick and needy; watching at the bedside of the dying; paying the last sad tribute of love and respect to the dead, comforting and providing for the widow in her afflictions, and daily exemplifying in every possible way the Golden Rule.

The Supreme Temple has general supervision of the Order throughout the world and makes the general laws. The Grand Temples, or State organizations, supervise the local Temples within their domain. The latter, besides carrying out the principles peculiar to a fraternal society, select some special work for the good of those outside their ranks. Reading rooms have been established, funds donated for public improvements, charity, etc. In order to care for the orphans of Rathbone Sisters a Home is soon to be erected, the fund being already set aside for this purpose. The local Temples care for their own poor and sick. In such disasters as those at Galveston and Jacksonville, the Temples send liberal donations to their members to relieve their financial losses.

The Supreme Temple is composed of twenty-four State organizations and 1,124 local Temples, with a membership of 71,247. Four insurance branches have just been established (1900).

THE ORDER OF THE EASTERN STAR was organized in the latter part of the eighteenth century--the exact date is not known. Its founders sought to create a social tie between the families of Masons, but it early reached a higher standard of usefulness. Among its objects are caring for the widow and orphan and assisting the Masonic brother in all deeds of mercy and love. It has founded Eastern Star Homes for widows and orphans of Masons and has become a mighty impetus in the building and support of Masonic Homes. Everywhere its members visit the sick, relieve the distressed and speak words of cheer to the despairing. It has been found helpful all over the land in carrying forward the underlying principles of Masonry. It has taught woman to preside in public meetings and to make herself conversant in parliamentary law. Masonry unites the heads of families, whereas the Eastern Star unites the entire families. Its ritualistic teachings are designed to inculcate morals and to improve the social virtues. The Order comprises 3,491 chapters with a membership of 218,238.

THE DAUGHTERS OF REBEKAH were organized in 1851 as a side degree of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and chartered lodges were authorized in 1868. The object is benevolent work. The order stands very high among charitable organizations and pays out thousands of dollars each year for the relief of widows and orphans. The report for the present year shows that 6,212 families were assisted at an expense of $141,646; and $50,540 were paid for the education of orphans. The Indiana lodge erected a monument in Indianapolis to Vice-President of the United States Schuyler Colfax, the principal founder of the order.

The Daughters of Rebekah usually exist wherever there is a lodge of the I. O. O. F. Men may take the degree but the affairs of the lodges are entirely in the hands of women. There are 125,300 men and 200,850 women members.

THE GRAND INTERNATIONAL AUXILIARY TO THE BROTHERHOOD OF LOCOMOTIVE ENGINEERS IN THE UNITED STATES, CANADA, AND MEXICO, was organized Oct. 16, 1887, to elevate the social standing of railroad people, to promote a fraternal feeling between families of engineers and to render assistance in time of trouble. The Voluntary Relief Association, formed in 1890, has paid to needy families of engineers over $100,000. It has no home for dependents, but helps widows to keep a home and care for their own children. It secures homes for orphans and assists in their education out of a special standing fund. There are $15,000 in the general fund. The order is exclusively composed of women, who manufacture all supplies and from this source realize a considerable revenue. Study clubs for intellectual culture are maintained in the various branches.

There are 255 subdivisions and about 10,000 members. It was founded by Mrs. W. A. Murdock, who has served continuously as president.

THE LADIES' AUXILIARY TO THE ORDER OF RAILROAD CONDUCTORS OF AMERICA was organized in 1888. The idea originally was merely social, but so many objects claimed assistance that, in 1895, the Fraternal Beneficiary Association was added to help the widows and children of railway conductors. Assessments were levied and in five years $2,200 had been thus applied. Good speakers, parliamentarians and business women have been developed and its members have become broader and more enlightened in every direction. There are 156 local divisions, with a membership of about 4,000.

MISCELLANEOUS: Various organizations are in existence which are national in their aims and interests but scarcely have reached national proportions in the number of auxiliaries and membership. Among these may be mentioned the SOCIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA, organized in New York in 1883, to disseminate the principles of Social and Industrial Co-operation; the NATIONAL WOMEN'S REPUBLICAN ASSOCIATION, founded in 1888; the PRO RE NATA, started in Washington in 1889, to perfect its members in the art of extemporaneous speaking; WIMODAUGHSIS, organized in Washington in 1890 for the improvement of women along all educational lines; the ASSOCIATION OPPOSED TO THE FURTHER EXTENSION OF SUFFRAGE TO WOMEN; the NATIONAL FLORAL EMBLEM SOCIETY, formed at the Columbian Exposition in Chicago, 1893, to gain an expression from the people which shall lead to the adoption of a national flower and also the selection of State flowers, which have been chosen in nineteen States and the choice ratified by the Legislature; the NATIONAL SOCIETY OF NEW ENGLAND WOMEN, founded in New York in 1895, to promote acquaintance among New England women in various localities throughout the country for purposes of mutual helpfulness; the NATIONAL LEAGUE OF AMERICAN PEN WOMEN, started in Washington City in 1896, to band together women journalists, authors and illustrators; the WOMEN'S PRESS ASSOCIATION, organized earlier and with branches in various States; the GEORGE WASHINGTON MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION, incorporated in 1898, to raise $250,000 toward an Administration Building to be a part of the university as set forth in the will of George Washington--$25,000 of this amount being now on hand and as much more guaranteed; the WOMAN'S LEAGUE OF THE GEORGE JUNIOR REPUBLIC, formed in 1899 to promote interest in the National Republic and establish branches; the NATIONAL LEGISLATIVE LEAGUE, founded in 1900 to obtain for women equality of legal, municipal and industrial rights through action by the National Congress and the State Legislatures; WOMAN'S EDUCATIONAL AND INDUSTRIAL UNION; various associations for improving cities and villages by means of parks, shade trees, good streets, sanitary appliances, etc.; and countless others of a social, educational or philanthropic nature.

There are also a number of large national organizations composed of both men and women, with the latter very greatly predominating. Of these the most prominent are the UNIVERSAL PEACE UNION, founded in 1866 and chartered in 1888, with forty branches in the United States and sixty in Europe; the SOCIETY FOR THE PREVENTION OF CRUELTY TO ANIMALS; the NATIONAL CONSUMERS' LEAGUE; the CHRISTIAN ENDEAVOR SOCIETY; the EPWORTH LEAGUE; the YOUNG PEOPLE'S UNION; the KING'S DAUGHTERS AND SONS; the ANTI-VIVISECTION SOCIETY.

The above list shows that women are organized for carrying forward practically every department of the world's work, and that their associations have been steadily increasing in number, size and scope during the past half century. In the early years the Woman Suffrage Association not only stood alone in its advocacy of enfranchisement but was regarded with the most strenuous disapproval by all other organizations of women. In 1881, the Woman's Christian Temperance Union, principally through the influence of its president, Miss Frances E. Willard, established a department of franchise, but it was many years afterwards before the idea of the ballot was received with favor by any large number of its members. The sentiment is not now unanimous, but considered as a body there are no more active workers for woman suffrage. The National Council of Women has no platform, but its leaders and also those of the International Council are prominent advocates of the franchise. These are now found in greater or less numbers in all the organizations but not one of them includes the suffrage among the specific objects for which it works. As these broaden the associations frequently find it necessary to appeal to Legislative bodies, and the result is usually a significant lesson in the disadvantage of being without political influence. The Federation of Clubs, organized in 1890, in its endeavor to secure the passage of bills for various purposes, has applied to more Legislatures, during the past few years, than has the Suffrage Association. It is indeed a most interesting study to watch the evolution of the so-called women's clubs. Formed at first merely for a superficial literary culture, they widened by degrees into a study of practical matters related to law and economics. From these it was but a step into civics, where they are to-day, struggling to improve municipal, and indirectly national conditions and gradually having revealed to them the narrow limitations of woman's power in public affairs.

With the exception possibly of the church missionary societies and the various lodges, there is not one of these associations of women which does not depend in a greater or less measure on City Councils, State Legislatures or the National Congress for assistance in securing its objects. No other means could be so effective in convincing women that politics, which they have heretofore believed did not directly concern them, in reality touches them at every point. They are learning that the mere personal influence which usually was sufficient to gain their ends in the household, society and the church--the three spheres of action to which they were confined in the past--must be supplemented by political influence now that they have entered the field of public work. Women have been so long flattered by the power which they have possessed over men in social life that they are surprised and bewildered to discover that this is wholly ineffectual when brought to bear upon men in legislative assemblies. They find that it is not sufficient to have personal attractions or family position--not even to be a good wife, mother and worker in church and charities--they must be also constituents. This is a new word which was not in the lexicon of woman in past generations. They investigate and they see that whatever may be the private opinion of these legislators, their public acts are governed by their constituents, and women alone of all classes in the community are not constituents.

This knowledge could come to the average woman only through experience, and that which as an individual she might not get in ages she is gaining rapidly through organization. A summary of the preceding list shows about 2,000,000 women enrolled in the various associations. The number which may be duplicated by a membership in several, is probably balanced by the number in those which do not state the membership. This list includes only national associations and it is reasonable to assume that not more than one-half of the local societies are auxiliary to national bodies. This is known positively to be the case in the General Federation of Clubs, which includes less than half of those in the different States. It would be a decided underestimate to say that 4,000,000 women in the United States are members of one or more organizations, and it is clearly evident that this number is increasing. The scope of these associations is constantly broadening as women themselves are emerging from their narrow environment and seeing the needs of the world in wider perspective. They are slowly but certainly learning to devote their time and energy to larger objects, and they are awakening to a perception, above all else, of the strength that lies in combination, a knowledge which was a sealed book to the isolated and undeveloped women of past generations. No other influence has been so powerful in enabling woman to discover herself and her possibilities.

There will be no more important element to be reckoned with during the coming years of the new century than these great associations of women, constantly gaining strength and momentum, not alone by the increase of membership but also by its personnel, for now they are beginning to be composed of college graduates, of property owners, of women with business experience. More and more they are directing their attention to public questions, and when brains, wealth, executive ability, enthusiasm and a strong desire for an honest and moral government are thoroughly organized in the effort to obtain it, they must necessarily become a powerful factor in State and national affairs, and one which inevitably will refuse to be held in a disfranchised condition after it shall realize the supreme power which inheres in the suffrage.

There is still another and a more important point of view from which this subject should be studied. Here are more than 4,000,000 women, about one-third of all in the country, banded into active, working organizations. The figures given above show that they are raising and expending millions of dollars and every dollar for some worthy object. The list demonstrates beyond question that every one of these great associations exists for the purpose of improving the conditions of society and helping and bettering humanity. They represent the highest form of effort for education, morality, temperance, religion, justice, patriotism and co-operation. Are not these the very qualities most needed in our electorate? Is not the nation suffering because of the lack of them since it has placed the ballot in the hands of ignorance, immorality, intemperance and lawlessness? Does not an emergency exist for a political influence which shall counterbalance these and tip the scale the other way? Can the Government afford much longer to delay the summons for this great, well-organized, finely-equipped force--if it is to perfect and make permanent the institutions of the republic?

FOOTNOTES:

[498] The National Suffrage Association is not included in the list, as twenty-one chapters of this volume are devoted to its work. It was the intention to give the name of the president of each organization, but as this officer is so frequently changed it seemed best to abandon this plan save in special instances. The figures given are for 1900 with but few exceptions.

The church missionary societies not mentioned here, and some other national bodies, were appealed to several times for statistics without response. The list, however, includes all of any considerable size and importance. It did not seem that it would represent the true proportions of these associations if arranged alphabetically or according to date of organization, therefore the editors have used their individual judgment in placing them.

APPENDIX

EMINENT ADVOCATES OF WOMAN SUFFRAGE.

The following list is so incomplete as to make the advisability of using it a matter of grave doubt. No name is given except upon what is believed to be unimpeachable authority, but it is unavoidable that scores should be omitted which are entitled to a place. The list will indicate, however, the character of those who have espoused the cause of woman suffrage, and it is published with the request that readers will forward to the editors additional names which can be used, and mention any which should be omitted, in the second edition of this volume. There has been no attempt to give all in any profession, but only a few of those who may fairly be considered representative. The names, for instance, of clergymen alone who are in favor of the enfranchisement of women would fill many pages, while those of prominent lawyers in every community would require almost unlimited space, as it is a question which appeals especially to the sense of equity. The following list will indicate sufficiently that this is not a movement of ultra-radical and irresponsible extremists.

The only President of the United States who declared himself publicly and unequivocally for woman suffrage was Abraham Lincoln, who said as early as 1836, "I go for all sharing the privileges of the Government who assist in bearing its burdens--by no means excluding women," and later utterances indicated that he did not change his position. Rutherford B. Hayes never hesitated to express his approval in private conversation, and in 1872 he assisted materially in placing in the Republican National Platform the nearest approach to an indorsement which the movement ever has received from that party. James A. Garfield said: "Laugh as we may, put it aside as a jest if we will, keep it out of Congress and political campaigns, still the woman question is rising on our horizon larger than a man's hand; and some solution ere long that question must find." Theodore Roosevelt, when a member of the New York Legislature, voted for a woman suffrage bill, saying he had been converted by seeing how much the women accomplished with their school ballot at Oyster Bay, his home. When Governor he said in his message to the Legislature of 1899: "I call your attention to the desirability of gradually enlarging the sphere in which the suffrage can be extended to women." There is reason to believe other Presidents would have expressed themselves favorably had political exigencies permitted.

The only Vice-Presidents on record as advocating and voting for woman suffrage are Hannibal Hamlin, Schuyler Colfax, Henry Wilson and William A. Wheeler. Such action is likely to mean the personal loss of votes and injury to one's party, with no compensation other than the consciousness of having done right, as women can give no reward. Under these conditions it is surprising that so large a number in the Congress and State Legislatures have sustained the measures for the enfranchisement of women.[499]

CHIEF JUSTICES OF THE U. S. SUPREME COURT.

Chase, Salmon P. Wake, Morrison R.

Practically all of the State Supreme Court Justices of Colorado, Idaho, Utah and Wyoming, where women have exercised the suffrage for a number of years, and of Kansas where they have had a municipal vote for fifteen years, are strong advocates of woman suffrage.

UNITED STATES SENATORS.

Allen, John B. Wash. Allison, William B. Iowa. Anthony, Henry B. R. I. Baker, Edward D. Ore. Baker, Lucien Kas. Banks, Nathaniel P. Mass. Beveridge, Albert J. Ind. Blair, Henry W. N. H. Bowen, Thomas B. Col. Brice, Calvin S. Ohio. Brown, B. Gratz Mo. Bruce, Blanche K. Miss. Burnside, Ambrose R. I. Burrows, Julius C. Mich. Cameron, Angus Wis. Cannon, Frank J. Utah. Carey, Joseph M. Wy. Carpenter, Matthew H. Mich. Chace, Jonathan R. I. Chandler, Zach. Mich. Cheney, P. C. N. H. Clark, Clarence D. Wy. Clark, William A. Mont. Conger, Omar D. Mich. Conover, Simon B. (1874) Fla. Cullom, Shelby M. Ills. Davis, Cushman K. Minn. Dawes, Henry L. Mass. Depew, Chauncey M. N. Y. Dillingham, William P. Vt. Dolliver, J. P. Iowa. Dolph, Joseph N. Ore. Dubois, Fred T. Ida. Farwell, Charles B. Ills. Ferry, Thomas W. Mich. Flanagan, J. W. (1871) Texas. Gallinger, Jacob H. N. H. Gamble, Robert J. S. D. Gilbert, Abijah (1874) Fla. Hamlin, Hannibal Me. Hansbrough, Henry C. N. D. Harvey, James M. Kan. Heitfield, Henry Ida. Henderson, John B. Mo. Hoar, George F. Mass. Jones, John P. Nev. Kyle, James H. S. D. Lapham, Elbridge G. N. Y. Logan, John A. Ills. Manderson, Charles F. Neb. Mason, William E. Ills. Matthews, Stanley Ohio McDonald, Joseph E. Ind. Mitchell, John H. Ore. Mitchell, John I. Penn. Morton, Oliver P. Ind. Nye, James W. Neb. Paddock, Algernon S. Neb. Palmer, John M. Ills. Palmer, Thomas W. Mich. Patterson, John J. (1874) S. C. Patterson, Thomas M. Col. Peffer, William A. Kas. Perkins, George C. Cal. Pettigrew, Richard F. S. D. Platt, Thomas C. N. Y. Plumb, P. B. Kas. Pomeroy, S. C. Kas. Pratt, Daniel D. Ind. Quay, Matthew S. Penn. Revels, Hiram P. Miss. Roach, W. N. N. D. Ross, Jonathan Vt. Sanders, Wilbur F. Mont. Sargent, Aaron A. Cal. Minister to Germany. Sawyer, Philetus S. Wis. Sherman, John Ohio. Shoup, George L. Ida. Sprague, William R. I. Stanford, Leland Cal. Stevens, Thaddeus Penn. Stewart, William M. Nev. Summer, Charles Mass. Teller, Henry M. Col. Tipton, Thomas W. Neb. Wade, Benjamin F. Ohio. Warner, Willard (1869) Ala. Warren, Francis E. Wy. West, J. Rodman (1874) La. White, Stephen M. Cal. Wilson, Henry Mass. Wilson, James F. Iowa. Windom, William Minn. Sec'y of the Treasury. Yates, Richard, Sr. Ills.

SPEAKERS OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.

Banks, Nathaniel P. Mass. Henderson, David B. Iowa. Keifer, J. Warren Ohio. Reed, Thomas B. Me.

REPRESENTATIVES IN CONGRESS.[500]

Allen, C. E. Utah. Baker, Charles S. N. Y. Baker, William Kas. Barrows, Samuel J. Mass. Belford, James B. Col. Bell, John C. Col. Blue, Richard W. Kas. Broderick, Case Kas. Broomall, John M. Penn. Browne, Thomas M. Ind. Butler, Benjamin F. Mass. Caine, John T. Utah. Cannon, George Q. Utah. Caswell, Lucien B. Iowa. Clapp, Moses E. Minn. Coffeen, Henry Wy. Crump, Rousseau O. Mich. Cumback, William Ind. Curtis, Charles Kas. Cutcheon, Byron M. Mich. Davis, John Kas. Davis, Thomas R. I. Dingley, Nelson Me. Douglas, William H. N. Y. Featherstone, L. P. Ark. Fergusson, H. B. N. M. Fisher, Spencer O. Mich. Fletcher, Lorin Minn. Giddings, Joshua R. Ohio. Glenn, Thomas L. Ida. Greenleaf, Halbert S. N. Y. Gunn, James Ida. Handy, L. G. Del. Haskins, Kittridge Vt. Hepburn, W. P. Iowa. Hitt, Robert R. Ills. Julian, George W. Ind. Kahn, Julius Cal. Kasson, John A. Iowa. Minister to Germany Kelley, Harrison B. Kan. Kelley, William D. Penn. Kerr, Daniel Iowa. King, William H. Utah. Loring, George B. Mass. Loughridge, William Iowa. Lucas, W. B. S. D. Maguire, James G. Cal. Martin, E. W. S. D. McCall, Samuel Walker Mass. McCoid, Moses A. Iowa. Miers, Robert W. Ind. Milnes, Alfred Mich. Mondell, Frank W. Wy. Morey, Henry L. Ohio. Morse, Elijah Mass. Mott, Richard Ohio. Neville, William Neb. Northway, S. A. Ohio. O'Donnell, James Mich. Orth, Godlove S. Ind. Payne, Sereno E. N. Y. Peelle, Stanton J. Ind. Judge of the U.S. Court of Claims. Peirce, R. B. F. Ind. Pence, Lafayette Col. Pickler, J. A. S. D. Powers, Henry H. Vt. Ranney, A. A. Mass. Ray, George W. N. Y. Riddle, Albert G. Ohio. Shafroth, John F. Col. Simpson, Jerry Kas. Smith, Henry C. Mich. Smith, William Alden Mich. Steele, George W. Ind. Struble, I. S. Iowa. Sulzer, William N. Y. Sutherland, George Utah. Taylor, Ezra B. Ohio. Taylor, Robert W. Ohio. Tongue, Thomas H. Ore. Topp, Robertson Tenn. Van Voorhis, John N. Y. Walker, James A. Va. Walker, Joseph H. Mass. Weadock, Thomas A. E. Mich. White, John D. Ky. Wilson, Edgar Ida. Woods, S. D. Cal.

GOVERNORS OF STATES. (Incomplete list.)

Governor Adams, Col. " Altgeld, Ills. " Ames, Mass. " Andrews, Conn. " Barber, Wy. " Bates, Mass. " Begole, Mich. " Bliss, Mich. " Brackett, Mass. " Budd, Cal. " Burke, N. D. " Butler, Mass. " Butler, Neb. " Campbell, Wy. " Carpenter, Iowa. " Chamberlain, Ore. " Claflin, Mass. " Clough, Minn. " Colcord, Nev. " Davis, R. I. " Fifer, Ills. " Folger, N. Y. Sec'y of the Treasury. " Fuller, Vt. " Greenhalge, Mass. " Hale, Wy. " Hoyt, Wy. " Hughes, Ariz. " Humphrey, Kas. Governor Hunt, Col. " Hunt, Ida. " Jewell, Conn. U.S. Postmaster General. " Jones, Nev. " Knapp, Alaska. " La Follette, Wis. " Long, Mass. Sec'y of the Navy. " Lord, Ore. " Luce, Mich. " McDonald, Ind. " McIntire, Col. " Mellette, S. D. " Morrill, Kas. " Morton, Ind. " Murphy, Ariz. " Newell, Wash. " Odell, N. Y. " Osborn, Wy. " Pattison, Penn. " Pingree, Mich. " Porter, Ind. " Rich, Mich. " Richards, Wy. " Rickards, Mont. " Rogers, Wash. " Roosevelt, N. Y. " Routt, Col. Governor Sadler, Nev. " Saunders, Nev. " Savage, Nev. " Semple, Wash. " Sprague, R. I. " Squire, Wash. " Steunenberg, Ida. " St. John, Kas. " Talbot, Mass. " Thayer, Wy. " Thomas, Col. Governor Thomas, Utah. " Van Sant, Minn. " Voorhees, N. J. " Waite, Col. " Warren, Wy. " Washburn, Mass. " Wells, Utah. " West, Utah. " Winans, Mich. " Yates, Sr., Ills. " Young, Utah.

PRESIDENTS OF UNIVERSITIES. (Incomplete list.)

Andrews, E. Benjamin Brown and Neb. Aylesworth, Barton O. Pres. Col. Agr. Coll. Baker, James H. Colorado. Bascom, John Wisconsin. Bashford, J. W. Ohio Wesleyan. Beardshear, Wm. Iowa Agr. College. Capen, Elmer F. Tuft's College. Dickinson, Frances E. Harvey Medical (Chicago). Evans, J. G. Hedding (Ills.). Hale, Horace M. Colorado. Hawley, J. H. Willamette (Ore.). Gates, George A. Iowa College. Gunnison, Almon St. Lawrence. Gunsaulus, Frank W. Armour Institute. Henderson, L. F. Idaho. Herrick, C. L. New Mexico. Hill, Walter B. Georgia. Hurst, John F. American University, D. C. Irvine, Julia J. Wellesley College. Jordan, David Starr Leland Stanford. Kellogg, Martin V. California. Kingsbury, J. T. Utah. Knox, Martin Van Buren Red River Valley, N. D. Latimore, S. A. Acting President Rochester. Lyons, S. R. Monmouth (Ills.). MacLean, James Idaho. Marvin, James Kansas. Northrop, Cyrus W. Minnesota. Palmer, Alice Freeman Wellesley College. Park, John R. Utah. Purnell, W. H. Delaware College. Rogers, Henry Wade Northwestern. Shafer, Helen A. Wellesley College. Sharpless, Isaac Haverford College. Slocum, W. F. Colorado College. Smiley, Elmer E. Wyoming. Snow, F. H. Kansas. Stephens, D. S. Kansas City. Sutliff, Phoebe I. Rockford (Ills.). Swain, Joseph Indiana and Swarthmore. Thomas, Martha Carey Bryn Mawr College. Thwing, Charles F. Western Reserve. Warren, William F. Boston. Washington, Booker T. Tuskeegee Institute. Wells, Daniel H. Utah. White, Andrew D. Cornell. Whitney, Orson F. Utah.

CLERGYMEN.

Archbishop Ireland Catholic. Bishop Bowman, Thomas Meth. Epis. " Brooks, Phillips Prot. Epis. " Hamilton, John Wm. Meth. Epis. " Haven, Gilbert " " Hurst, John F. " " Huntington, Fred'k D. Prot. Epis. " Joyce, Isaac W. Meth. Epis. " McQuaid of Rochester Catholic " Moore, David H. Meth. Epis. " Newman, John P. " Bishop Potter, Henry C. Prot. Epis. " Sessums, Davis " " Simpson, Matthew Meth. Epis. " Spalding of Peoria Catholic. " Turner, Henry McN. Meth. Epis. " Walters, A. " " Warren, Henry W. " Ames, Charles G. Unit. Beecher, Henry Ward Cong'l. Boardman, George W. Bapt. Bristol, Frank M. Meth. Epis. Chadwick, John W. Unit. Channing, William Henry " Cheever, George B. Cong'l. Clarke, James Freeman Unit. Collyer, Robert Unit. Conway, Moncure D. " Cook, Joseph Presb. Dalton, W. J. Catholic Duryea, Joseph T. Cong'l. Eaton, Charles H. Univ. Eggleston, Edward (author) Meth. Epis. Foss, Herbert " Gannett, William C. Unit. Gladden, Washington Cong'l. Gottheil, Rabbi Gustave. Gregg, David Presb. Hall, Frank O. Univ. Hillis, Newell Dwight Cong'l. Hinckley, Frederick A. Unit. Jones, Jenkyn Lloyd " Kent, Alexander Liberal. King, Thomas Starr Unit. Longfellow, Samuel " Lorimer, George C. Bapt. May, Samuel J. Unit. McGlynn, Edward Cath. Mills, B. Fay Evang. Moody, Dwight L. " Newton, Heber Epis. Parker, Theodore Unit. Perin, George H. Univ. Pierpont, John Unit. Pullman, James M. Univ. Rainsford, M. S. Epis. Reed, Myron W. Liberal. Savage, Minot J. Unit. Scully, Thomas Cath. Shippen, Rush Unit. Swing, David Liberal. Thomas, Hiram W. " Tyng, Stephen H. Epis.

WOMEN MINISTERS.

Blackwell, Antoinette Brown Unit. Booth, Maud Ballington Vols. of Am. Brown, Olympia Univ. Buck, Florence Unit. Chapin, Augusta, D. D. Univ. Crane, Caroline Bartlett Unit. Crooker, Florence Kollock Univ. Deyo, Amanda " Eastman, Annis F. Cong'l. Hanaford, Phebe A. Univ. Hultin, Ida C. Unit. Moore, Henrietta G. Univ. Murdock, Marian Unit. Safford, Mary J. " Shaw, Anna Howard Prot. Meth. Spencer, Anna Garlin Liberal. Tucker, Emma Booth Salv. Army. Whitney, Mary Traffern Unit. Wilkes, Eliza Tupper " Woolley, Celia P. "

ENGLISH CLERGYMEN.

Archbishop of Canterbury 1901. " " York " Archdeacon of Manchester. Bishop of Edinburgh 1895. " " Exeter " " " Hereford " " " London " " " Southwell " Canon Charles Kingsley of Westmin'r. " Wilberforce " " Archbishop Cardinal Vaughn Cath. Archbishop Moran of Australia Archbishop Nozaleda of the Philippines Cath. Hugh Price Hughes. James Martineau, D. D. Most Rev. Gordon Cowie, Bishop of Auckland and Primate of New Zealand. Newman Hall, LL. B., D. D.

AMERICAN MEN.

Alcott, A. Bronson. Atkinson, Edward. Bidwell, Gen. John. Bigelow, John, Minister to France. Birney, James G. Blackwell, Henry B. Booth, Judge Henry, Dean Union Col. of Law, Chicago. Bowles, Samuel. Bradwell, Judge James B. Brooks, John Graham, Pres. National Consumers' League. Bryant, William Cullen. Burdette, Robert J. Cable, George W. Childs, George W. Clark, Francis E., Pres. National Christian Endeavor. Clemens, Samuel R. (Mark Twain). Curtis, George William. Debs, Eugene V. Dole, Sanford B., Governor of Hawaii. Donnelly, Ignatius. Douglass, Frederick. Dow, Neal. Emerson, Ralph Waldo Field, Eugene. Fields, James T. Fisk, Clinton B. Ford, Paul Leicester. Forney, John W. Foss, Sam Walter. Foulke, William Dudley. Garrison, William Lloyd, Sr. and Jr. Gompers, Samuel. Griggs, Edward Howard. Hale, Gen. Irving. Harris, William T., U. S. Commissioner of Education. Hattan, Frank, U. S. Postmaster-General. Higginson, Thomas Wentworth. Hooker, John. Howe, Dr. Samuel G. Howells, William Dean. Hurd, Judge Harvey B., Dean Northwestern Univ. Law Col. Husted, James W., Speaker of New York Legislature. Hutchinson, John. Ingersoll, Robert G. Jackson, Francis. Jackson, James C., Dansville Sanitorium. Johnson, Thomas L. Jones, Samuel M., Mayor of Toledo, O. Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth. McCulloch, Hugh, Secretary of the Treasury. Miles, Nelson A., Lieutenant-General U. S. A. Morton, J. Sterling, Secretary of Agriculture. Nye, Edgar Wilson (Bill). Owen, Robert Dale. Phillips, Wendell. Pillsbury, Parker. Powderly, Terence V. Purvis, Robert. Quincy, Josiah. Ridpath, John Clark. Rogers, Nathaniel P. Sage, Russell. Sargent, Frank P., Com'r of Immigration. Saxton, Gen. Rufus. Smith, Gerrit. Tilton, Theodore. Tourgeé, Albion W. Tyler, Moses Coit. Ward, Lester F., Smithsonian Institute. Washington, Booker T. Whittier, John G. Woolley, John G. Wright, Carroll D., Pres. U. S. Labor Commission.

AMERICAN WOMEN.

Addams, Jane, Hull House, Chicago. Alcott, Louisa M. Alden, Cynthia Westover, Pres. Int'l Sunshine Society. Anthony, Susan B. Avery, Rachel Foster, Sec'y Nat'l Suff. Ass'n, 21 years. Barrows, Isabel C. Barry (Lake), Leonora M., Grand Organizer Knights of Labor. Barton, Clara, Pres. American Red Cross Ass'n. Blackwell, Alice Stone, Editor of _The Woman's Journal_. Blackwell, Dr. Elizabeth, Blackwell, Dr. Emily, Founders of Woman's Medical College of New York Infirmary. Blake, Lillie Devereux, Pres. Nat'l Legislative League. Booth, Mary L., Editor of _Harper's Bazar_. Bradwell, Myra, Founder and editor of _Legal News_. Byrd, Mary E., Director Smith Coll. Observatory. Campbell, Helen. Carr, Mary L., Ex-President W. R. C. Cary, Alice. Cary, Phoebe. Catt, Carrie Chapman, Pres. Nat'l Wom. Suff. Ass'n. Child, Lydia Maria. Clay, Laura, Aud. Nat'l Wom. Suff. Ass'n. Clemmer, Mary. Colby, Clara B., Editor of _The Woman's Tribune_. Cooper, Sarah B., Pres. Golden Gate Kinder. Ass'n. Crowe, Martha Foote, Dean Northwestern University. Decker, Sarah Platt. Demorest, Mme. Louise, Editor _Demorest's Magazine_. Diaz, Abby Morton. Dickinson, Anna E. Dickinson, Mary Lowe, Hon. Pres. Nat. Council of Women. Diggs, Annie L., State Librarian, Kansas. Edson, Susan A., Physician to Garfield. Fairbanks, Cornelia C., Pres. Gen. Daughters Am. Rev. Field, Kate. Field, Martha R. (Catherine Cole), Ex-Pres. Wom. Int'l Press Ass'n. Fletcher, Alice, Special Indian Agent (Harv. Univ.) Foster, J. Ellen, Pres. Nat'l Wom. Rep. Ass'n. Gage, Matilda Joslyn. Gardiner, Helen H. Garrett, Mary E. Gibbons, Abby Hopper, Pres. Woman's Prison Ass'n. Gougar, Helen M. Grannis, Elizabeth B., Pres. Nat'l Social Purity League. Guiney, Louise Imogen. Hall, Florence Howe. Harbert, Elizabeth Boynton. Haskell, Ella Knowles, Ass't Att'y-Gen. of Montana. Helmuth, Mrs. William Tod, Pres. Nat'l Council of Women. Henrotin, Ellen M., Ex-Pres. Gen. Fed. of Clubs. Holley, Marietta, (Josiah Allen's Wife). Hollister, Lillian M., Sup. Com. Ladies of Maccabees. Hooker, Isabella Beecher. Hosmer, Harriet. Howe, Julia Ward. Jacobi, Dr. Mary Putnam. Kelley, Florence, Ex-Chief State Factory Insp., Ills. Krout, Mary H. Leslie, Mrs. Frank. Lippincott, Sarah J., (Grace Greenwood). Livermore, Mary A.

Lockwood, Mary S., Editor _Am. Mag._ (D. A. R.). Logan, Olive. Lowell, Josephine Shaw, Pres. Wom. Munic. L., New York. Lozier, Dr. Clemence, Founder Woman's Homeopathic College, New York. Marshall, Dr. Clara, Dean Wom. Med. Coll., Phila. McCulloch, Catharine Waugh. McGee, Dr. Anita Newcomb, Ass't Surgeon U. S. A. in Spanish-American War. Miller, Flo Jamison, Ex-Pres. Woman's Relief Corps. Mitchell, Maria. Mussey, Ellen Spencer, Dean Woman's Law College, Washington, D. C. Nathan, Mrs. Frederick, Pres. N. Y. Consumers' League. Palmer, Bertha Honoré, Pres. Board Lady Managers, World's Fair. Parton, Mrs. James (Fanny Fern). Patton, Abby Hutchinson. Paul, A. Emmagene, Sup't of Street Cleaning Dep't, 1st Ward, Chicago. Peabody, Elizabeth, Educator and philanthropist. Preston, Dr. Ann, Dean of Med. Coll. and founder of Wom. Hosp., Philadelphia. Sewall, May Wright, Pres. Int'l Council of Women. Seymour, Mary F., Ed. of _Business Woman's Journal_. Smith, Dr. Julia Holmes, Dean Nat'l Med. Coll., Chicago. Solomon, Hannah G., Pres. Nat'l Council of Jewish Wom. Southworth, Mrs. E. D. E. N. Spofford, Harriet Prescott. Stanford, Jane Lathrop (Leland). Stanton, Elizabeth Cady. Stetson, Charlotte Perkins. Stevens, Lillian M. N., Pres. National W. C. T. U. Stevenson, Dr. Sarah Hackett. Stockham, Dr. Alice B. Stone, Lucinda Hinsdale. Stone, Lucy. Stowe, Harriet Beecher. Taylor, Elmina Shepard, Pres. Young Woman's Nat'l Improvement Ass'n. Terrill, Mary Church, Pres. Nat'l Ass'n of Col. Wom. Upton, Harriet Taylor, Treas. Nat'l Wom. Suff. Ass'n. Wallace, Mrs. Lew. Wallace, Zerelda G. Ward, Elizabeth Stuart Phelps. Wells, Emmeline B. Wells, Ida B. White, Sallie Joy, Ex.-Pres. N. E. Wom. Press Ass'n. Whiting, Lilian. Whitney, Anne, Sculptor. Willard, Frances E. Willing, Jennie Fowler. Winslow, Dr. Caroline B. Winslow, Helen M., Editor of _Club Woman_. Young, Zina D. H., Pres. Nat'l Woman's Relief Ass'n. Zakrzewska, Dr. Marie E., Founder New Eng. Hospital for Women and Children.

GREAT BRITAIN.

Aberdeen, Countess of, Vice-President-at-Large International Council of Women. Aberdeen, Earl of, Gov.-Gen. of Canada. Anderson, Mrs. Garrett, M. D. Balfour, A. J., Prime Minister. Balfour, Lady Frances. Battersea, Lady. Becker, Lydia, Editor _Women's Suffrage Journal_. Begg, Faithfull, M. P. Benson (Archbishop of Canterbury), Mrs. Besant, Annie. Besant, Walter. Biggs, Caroline Ashurst, Blackburn, Helen, Editors _Englishwoman's Review_. Blake, Dr. Sophia Jex. Blatch, Harriet Stanton. Bright, Mr. and Mrs. Jacob. Browning, Elizabeth Barrett. Butler, Josephine E., Pres. Social Purity League. Carlisle, Lady, Pres. Woman's Liberal Federation. Chant, Laura Ormiston. Cobbe, Frances Power. Cobden, Richard. Coleridge, Lord Chief Justice. Courtney, Leonard H., M. P. Crawford, Emily. Davies, Emily, Mistress of Girton. D'Israeli, Benjamin, Prime Minister. Edwards, Amelia B. Fawcett, Henry, M. P. and Postmaster-General. Fawcett, Mrs. Millicent Garrett, Pres. Wom. Suff. Ass'n Great Brit. Fry, Elizabeth. Glenesk, Lord. Grey, Sir George, K. C. B. Harberton, Lady. Haslem, Anna Maria. (Ireland.) Huxley, Thomas H. Lucas, Margaret Bright. Martineau, Harriet. McLaren, Duncan, M. P. McLaren, Mrs. Priscilla Bright. Mill, John Stuart, Mr. and Mrs. Nightingale, Florence. Proctor, Adelaide A. Ritchie, Anne Thackeray. Rollitt, Sir Albert, Earl of Selborne. Salisbury, Marquis of. Prime Minister. Selborne, Earl of. Sidgwick, Mrs. Henry, Princ. of Newnham. Somerset, Lady Henry, Pres. World's W. C. T. U. Somerville, Mary, Astronomer. Stead, Wm. T. Tallon, Daniel. Lord Mayor of Dublin. Taylor, Peter A., M. P., and Mrs. Thomson (Archbish. of York), Mrs. Todd, Isabella M. S. (Ireland). Unwin, Jane Cobden. Wigham, Eliza. Wollstonecraft, Mary, Author of Rights of Woman (1792). Woodall, William, M. P. Wyndham, Hon. George.

FRANCE.

Dumas, Alexandre (fils). Hugo, Victor.

AUSTRALIA.

Barton, Edmund, Premier. Cockburn, Sir John, K. C. W. G., Kingston, Hon. C. C., Premier S. Aus. Lyne, Sir William, Premier N. S. W. Onslow, Lady. Parkes, Sir Henry, Premier N. S. W. Reid, Sir G. H., Premier N. S. W. Turner, Sir George, Premier Victoria. Windeyer, Lady.

NEW ZEALAND.

Hall, Sir John. Seddon, H. J., Premier. Stout, Sir Robert, Premier. Vogel, Sir Julius, Colonial Treas.

CANADA.

Hall, Sir John, M. P. MacDonald, Sir John, Premier.

SOUTH AFRICA.

Schreiner, Olive.

TESTIMONY FROM WOMAN SUFFRAGE STATES.[501]

No attempt is made to give here the mass of testimony which is easily available from the States where women vote, but only enough is presented to show its nature and the character of those who offer it. In the four States where women have exercised the full franchise for from six to thirty-three years, not half a dozen reputable persons have said over their own names that any of the evils which were so freely predicted have come to pass or that its effect upon men, women or the community has been other than good. The small amount of criticism which has been openly made has been anonymous or from those whose word was entitled to no weight. There is not another public question on which the testimony is so uniformly one-sided, and similar evidence on any other would be accepted as sufficiently conclusive to demand a unanimous verdict in its favor.

In 1901 Amos R. Wells, editor of the _Christian Endeavor World_, wrote to twenty-five ministers of several different denominations, choosing their names at random among his subscribers in the equal suffrage States, and asking them whether equal suffrage was working well, fairly well or badly. One answered that it worked badly, three that it worked fairly well, and the twenty-one others were all positive and explicit in saying that it worked well. One point upon which they laid stress was the increased intelligence and breadth of mind of the women, and the good influence of this upon their children. Mr. Wells said in summing up: "Woman suffrage makes elections more expensive, but it is a grand school for the mothers of the republic."

COLORADO.

In 1898, in answer to the continued misrepresentations of the Eastern press, the friends of woman suffrage issued the following:

We, citizens of the State of Colorado, desire, as lovers of truth and justice, to give our testimony to the value of equal suffrage. We believe that the greatest good of the home, the State and the nation is advanced through the operation of equal suffrage. The evils predicted have not come to pass. The benefits claimed for it have been secured, or are in progress of development. A very large proportion of Colorado women have conscientiously accepted their responsibility as citizens. In 1894 more than half the total vote for Governor was cast by women. Between 85 and 90 per cent. of the women of the State voted at that time. The exact vote of the last election has not yet been estimated, but there is reason to believe that the proportional vote of women was as large as in previous years. The vote of good women, like that of good men, is involved in the evils resulting from the abuse of our present political system; but the vote of women is noticeably more conscientious than that of men, and will be an important factor in bringing about a better order.

This was signed by the governor, three ex-governors, both senators, both members of Congress and ex-senators, the chief justice and two associate justices of the supreme court, three judges of the court of appeals, four judges of the district court, the secretary of State, the State treasurer, State auditor, attorney-general, the mayor of Denver, the president of the State University, the president of Colorado College, the representative of the General Federation of Women's Clubs, the vice-regent of the Mount Vernon Association, and the presidents of thirteen women's clubs.

* * * * *

I am confident that recognition of woman suffrage in the constitution of proposed States will not in any way hinder, delay or endanger their admission. That question is one belonging to the State and not to the general government, and the opponents of woman suffrage will not, I am sure, deny to the new States the right to settle that question for themselves.

HENRY M. TELLER (Rep.), _U. S. Senator_. (1889.)

* * * * *

Instead of rough or vicious men, or even drunken men, treating women with disrespect, the presence of a single good woman at the polls seems to make the whole crowd of men as respectful and quiet as at the theater or church. For the credit of American men be it said that the presence of one woman or girl at the polls, the wife or daughter of the humblest mechanic, has as good an effect on the crowd as the presence of the grandest dame or the most fashionable belle. The American woman is clearly as much of a queen at the polls, in her own bearing and the deference paid her, as in the drawing-room or at the opera. I feel more pride than ever in American manhood and American womanhood since seeing these gatherings on Tuesday, where men and women of all classes and conditions met in their own neighborhood to perform with duty and dignity the selection of their own rulers, and to give their approval to the principles to guide such officials when chosen. No woman was less in dignity and sweetness of womanhood after such participation in public duties, and I do not believe there is a man of sensibility in Colorado to-day who does not love his wife, daughter, sister or mother the more for the womanly and gracious manner in which she helped so loyally and intelligently in this election.

Indeed, Colorado in this election has left very little of good argument for its sincere opponents to urge against suffrage. So nearly all of everything having any good sense in it has been disproved here, that the opposition is left with very few weapons in its armory, and all of them weak.

JAMES S. CLARKSON (Rep.), _U. S. Ass't P. M. General_. (1894.)

* * * * *

When the question was submitted in Colorado, I supported and voted for the proposition as a matter of abstract right; as every fair man must admit, when the question comes to him, that a woman has the same right of suffrage as a man. In advocating suffrage you need no platform but right and justice; those who will not accept it upon that ground would not be persuaded though one rose from the dead. I will add, however, that even the most virulent enemy of woman suffrage can not prove that any harm has come from the experiment. The test in Colorado is still too new to expect a unanimous verdict, yet all fair-minded observers are justified in predicting a higher standard of morals and of political life as a result of woman suffrage.

ALVA ADAMS (Dem.), _Governor_. (1898.)

* * * * *

I supported the cause of woman suffrage, not because I thought it would work the political regeneration of the country, but because I believed it was a woman's due to vote, if she desired to do so. I have also said, and I reiterate, that the enfranchisement of Colorado women has in many ways benefited the State, that it was a decided advance, and that I trusted that other States, in emulation of our example, would soon give the right to women throughout the land.

CHARLES S. THOMAS (Dem.), _Governor_. (1899.)

* * * * *

There is not a political party in the State that will ever dare to insert in its platform an anti-suffrage plank; for it must not be forgotten that upon this question the voting power of the women would equal that of the men. It is no more likely that the women of Colorado will ever be disfranchised than that the men will be.

HORACE M. HALE, _former President State University_. (1901.)

* * * * *

Few are so unjust or bold as to argue seriously against the abstract right of women to vote; and experience in Colorado and other Western States has done much to dispel the various theoretical and sentimental objections that have been raised against the extension of this manifest right.

The largest majorities for woman suffrage were given in the most intelligent cities, and in the best precincts of each city, while the heavy majorities against it were in the precincts controlled by the debased and lawless classes, and the lowest grade of machine politicians, who rely on herding the depraved vote--showing that these elements dreaded the effect of woman suffrage, and realized the falsity of the argument that it would increase the immoral and controllable vote.

So far as I have been able to judge by observation of elections and analysis of returns, more women vote in the better districts than in the slums, and the proportion of intelligent and refined voters to the ignorant and depraved is larger among women than among men. The average result, therefore, has been beneficial.

No true, refined woman is any less womanly for studying questions of public interest and expressing her opinions thereon by means of the ballot.... The general effect has been decidedly beneficial. Especially does it act as a governor on the political machines of all parties to regulate the character of nominees and platforms.

Woman suffrage is accepted as an established fact, and is very little discussed. I certainly have no reason to think that the general sentiment in its favor has decreased, or that the measure would fail to pass with as large or a larger majority than before, if again submitted to the vote of either the men or women of the State. I have no hesitation whatever in stating as my own positive conviction that woman suffrage is both right and beneficial, and that it should not and never will be repealed in Colorado.

IRVING HALE (of Col.), _General in the Army of the Philippines_. (1902.)

It is said that equal suffrage would make family discord. In Colorado our divorce laws are rather easy, though stricter than in the neighboring States, but since 1893, when suffrage was granted, I have never heard of a case where political differences were alleged as a cause for divorce or as the provoking cause of family discord. Equal suffrage, in my judgment, broadens the minds of both men and women. It has certainly given us in Colorado candidates of better character and a higher class of officials. It is very true that husband and wife frequently vote alike--as the magnet draws the needle they go to the polls together. But women are not coerced. If a man were known to coerce his wife's vote I believe he would be ridden out of town on a rail with a coat of tar and feathers. Women's legal rights have been improved in Colorado since they obtained the ballot, and there are now no civil distinctions. Equal suffrage tends to make political affairs better, purer and more desirable for all who take part in them.

THOMAS M. PATTERSON (Dem.), _U. S. Senator_. (1902.)

* * * * *

IDAHO.

It gives me pleasure to say briefly that the extension of the franchise to the women of Idaho has positively purified its politics. It has compelled not only State conventions, but, more particularly, county conventions, of both parties, to select the cleanest and best material for public office. Many conventions have turned down their strongest local politicians for the simple reason that their moral habits were such that the women would unite against them, regardless of politics. It has also taken politics out of the saloon to a great extent, and has elevated local politics especially to a higher plane. Every woman is interested in good government, in good officers, in the utmost economy of administration, and a low rate of taxation.

FRANK W. HUNT (Dem.), _Governor_. (1900.)

* * * * *

Woman suffrage has been in operation in Idaho for over four years and there have been no alarming or disastrous results. I think most people in the State, looking over the past objections to the extension of the right of suffrage, are now somewhat surprised that any were ever made. As to advantages--it is, as in all matters of this kind, difficult to measure them exactly, because the benefit is largely indirect. I think, however, that it has exercised a good and considerable influence over conventions, resulting in the nomination of better men for office, and that it has been of considerable weight in securing the enactment of good laws.

S. H. HAYS (Fus.), _Ex-Attorney-General_. (1901.)

* * * * *

The adoption of equal suffrage has resulted in much good in Idaho. The system is working well, and the best result therefrom is the selection for public positions, State, county and municipal. Our politics in the past has been manipulated by political adventurers, more or less, without regard to the best interests of the people, but principally in the interests of a small coterie of politicians of the different parties, who have depended upon the public treasury for subsistence. The participation of our women in the conventions of our various political parties and in elections has a tendency to relegate the professional politicians, at least the worst element, and bring forth in their stead a better class of people. This tendency is of vast importance to the State. It compels leaders of political parties to be more careful in the selection of candidates for different offices of trust and profit. RALPH P. QUARLES, _Justice of the Supreme Court_. (1902.)

* * * * *

The Chief Justice and all the Judges of the Supreme Court have published a statement saying in part: "Woman suffrage in this State is a success; none of the evils predicted have come to pass, and it has gained much in popularity since its adoption by our people."

* * * * *

UTAH.

The lawmakers seem to be afraid of enfranchising women because of the deteriorating effect which politics might have on womankind. If this be true let the experience of Utah speak. For six years women in this State have had the right to vote and hold office. Have the wheels of progress stopped? Instead we have bounded forward with seven-league boots. Have the fears and predictions of the local opponents of woman suffrage been verified? Have women degenerated into low politicians, neglecting their homes and stifling the noblest emotions of womanhood? On the contrary women are respected quite as much as they were before Statehood; loved as rapturously as ever, and are led to the altar with the same beatific strains of music and the same unspeakable joy that invested ceremonials before their enfranchisement.

The plain facts are that in this State the influence of woman in politics has been distinctly elevating. In the primary, in the convention and at the polls her very presence inspires respect for law and order. Few men are so base that they will not be gentlemen in the presence of ladies. Experience has shown that women have voted their intelligent convictions. They understand the questions at issue and they vote conscientiously and fearlessly. While we do not claim to have the purest politics in the world in Utah, it will be readily conceded that the woman-vote is a terror to evildoers, and our course is, therefore, upward and onward.

One of the bugaboos of the opposition was that women would be compelled to sit on juries. Not a single instance of the kind has happened in the State, for the reason that women are never summoned; the law simply exempts them, but does not exclude them. Another favorite idiocy of the anti-suffragists is that if the women vote they ought to be compelled to fight. In the same manner the law exempts them from military service.

For one I am proud of Utah's record in dealing with her female citizens. I take the same pride in it that a good husband would who had treated his wife well, and I look forward with eager hope to the day when woman suffrage shall become universal.

HEBER M. WELLS (Rep.), _Governor_. (1902.)

There is literally no end to the favorable testimony from Utah, given by Mormons and Gentiles alike.

* * * * *

WYOMING.

Gov. John A. Campbell was in office when the woman suffrage law was passed. In 1871 he said in his message to the Territorial Legislature:

There is upon our statute book "an Act granting to the women of Wyoming Territory the right of suffrage," which has now been in force two years. It is simple justice to say that the women entering, for the first time in the history of the country, upon these new and untried duties, have conducted themselves in every respect with as much tact, sound judgment, and good sense, as men.

In 1873 he said: "Two years more of observation of the practical working of the system have only served to deepen my conviction that what we, in this Territory, have done, has been well done; and that our system of impartial suffrage is an unqualified success."

Governor Thayer, who succeeded Campbell, said in his message:

Woman suffrage has now been in practical operation in our Territory for six years, and has, during the time, increased in popularity and in the confidence of the people. In my judgment the results have been beneficial, and its influence favorable to the best interests of the community.

Governor Hoyt, who succeeded Thayer, said in 1882:

Under woman suffrage we have better laws, better officers, better institutions, better morals, and a higher social condition in general, than could otherwise exist. Not one of the predicted evils, such as loss of native delicacy and disturbance of home relations, has followed in its train.

Later he said in a public address: "The great body of our women, and the best of them, have accepted the elective franchise as a precious boon and exercise it as a patriotic duty--in a word, after many years of happy experience, woman suffrage is so thoroughly rooted and established in the minds and hearts of the people that, among them all, no voice is ever uplifted in protest against or in question of it."

Governor Hale, who was next in this office, expressed himself repeatedly to the same effect.

Governor Warren, who succeeded Hale, said in a letter to Horace G. Wadlin, Esq., of the Massachusetts House of Representatives, in 1885:

Our women consider much more carefully than our men the character of candidates, and both political parties have found themselves obliged to nominate their best men in order to obtain the support of the women. As a business man, as a city, county, and territorial officer, and now as Governor of Wyoming Territory, I have seen much of the workings of woman suffrage, but I have yet to hear of the first case of domestic discord growing out of it. Our women nearly all vote, and since in Wyoming as elsewhere the majority of women are good and not bad, the result is good and not evil.

Territorial Governors are appointed, not elected. As U. S. Senator, Mr. Warren has up to the present time (1902) repeatedly given similar testimony. In various chapters of the present volume may be found the strong approval of ex-U. S. Senator Joseph M. Carey.

Most of these Governors were Republicans. Hon. N. L. Andrews (Democrat), Speaker of the Wyoming House of Representatives, said in 1879:

I came to this Territory in the fall of 1871, with the strongest prejudice possible against woman suffrage. The more I have seen of it, the less my objections have been realized, and the more it has commended itself to my judgment and good opinion. Under all my observations it has worked well, and has been productive of much good. The women use the ballot with more independence and discrimination in regard to the qualifications of candidates than men do. If the ballot in the hand of woman compels political parties to place their best men in nomination, this, in and of itself, is a sufficient reason for sustaining woman suffrage.

Ex-Chief Justice Fisher, of Cheyenne, said in 1883:

I wish I could show the people who are so wonderfully exercised on the subject of female suffrage just how it works. The women watch the nominating conventions, and if the Republicans put a bad man on their ticket and the Democrats a good one, the Republican women do not hesitate a moment in scratching off the bad and substituting the good. It is just so with the Democratic women. I have seen the effects of female suffrage, and instead of being a means of encouragement to fraud and corruption, it tends greatly to purify elections and give better government.

In 1884 Attorney-General M. C. Brown said in a public letter:

My prejudices were formerly all against woman suffrage, but they have gradually given way since it became an established fact in Wyoming. My observation, extending over a period of fifteen years, satisfies me of its entire justice and propriety. Impartial observation has also satisfied me that in the use of the ballot women exercise fully as good judgment as men, and in some particulars are more discriminating, as, for instance, on questions of morals.

At another time he said:

I have been asked if women make good jurors, and I answer by saying, that so far as I have observed their conduct on juries, as a lawyer, I find but little fault with them.... They do not reason like men upon the evidence, but, being possessed of a higher quality of intellectuality, i. e., keen perceptions, they see the truth of the thing at a glance. Their minds once settled, neither sophistry, logic, rhetoric, pleading nor tears will move them from their purpose. A guilty person never escapes a just punishment when tried by women juries.

The effect of woman suffrage upon the people of Wyoming has been good. It has been said by one man that open, flagrant acts of bribery are commonly practiced at the polls in Wyoming, and this statement is made to show that the effect of woman suffrage has not been good. The statement is not true. In the last election there were in Cheyenne large sums of money expended to influence the result, and votes were bought on the streets in an open and shameless manner. As U. S. Attorney for the Territory, it became my duty to investigate this matter before a grand jury composed of men. The revelations before the jury were astonishing and many cases of bribery were clearly proven; but while a majority of those composing the jury were men of the highest integrity, there were so many members who had probably taken part in the same unlawful transactions that no indictment could be obtained. The circumstances attending this election were phenomenal. It would be unjust to the women, however, if I should fail to add that, while it was clearly proven that many men sold their votes, it was strikingly apparent that few if any women, even of the vilest class, were guilty of the same misconduct.

The Hon. John W. Kingman, for four years a Judge of the U. S. Supreme Court of Wyoming says:

Woman suffrage was inaugurated in 1869 without much discussion, and without any general movement of men or women in its favor. At that time few women voted. At each election since, they have voted in larger numbers, and now nearly all go to the polls. Our women do not attend the caucuses in any considerable numbers, but they generally take an interest in the selection of candidates, and it is very common, in considering the availability of an aspirant for office, to ask, 'How does he stand with the ladies?' Frequently the men set aside certain applicants for office, because their characters would not stand the criticism of women. The women manifest a great deal of independence in their preference for candidates, and have frequently defeated bad nominations. Our best and most cultivated women vote, and vote understandingly and independently, and they can not be bought with whiskey or blinded by party prejudice. They are making themselves felt at the polls, as they do everywhere else in society, by a quiet but effectual discountenancing of the bad, and a helping hand for the good and the true. We have had no trouble from the presence of bad women at the polls. It has been said that the delicate and cultured women would shrink away, and the bold and indelicate come to the front in public affairs. This we feared; but nothing of the kind has happened. I do not believe that suffrage causes women to neglect their domestic affairs. Certainly, such has not been the case in Wyoming, and I never heard a man complain that his wife was less interested in domestic economy because she had the right to vote and took an interest in making the community respectable. The opposition to woman suffrage at first was pretty bitter. To-day I do not think you could get a dozen respectable men in any locality to oppose it.

In 1895 U. S. Senator Clarence D. Clark wrote as follows to the Constitutional Convention of Utah which was considering a woman suffrage plank:

So far as the operation of the law in this State is concerned, we were so well satisfied, with twenty years' experience under the Territorial government, that it went into our constitution with but one dissenting vote, although many thought that such a section might result in its rejection by Congress. If it does nothing else it fulfils the theory of a true representative government, and in this State, at least, has resulted in none of the evils prophesied. It has not been the fruitful source of family disagreements feared. It has not lowered womanhood. Women do generally take advantage of the right to vote, and vote intelligently. It has been years since we have had trouble at the polls--quiet and order, in my opinion, being due to two causes, the presence of women and our efficient election laws. One important feature I might mention, and that is, in view of the woman vote, no party dare nominate notoriously immoral men, for fear of defeat by that vote. Regarding the adoption of the system in other States I see no reason why its operation should not be generally the same elsewhere as it is with us. It is surely true that after many years' experience, Wyoming would not be content to return to the old limits, as, in our opinion, the absence of ill results is conclusive proof of the wisdom of the proposition.

In 1896 the Hon. H. V. S. Groesbeck, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, thus summed up the results of twenty-seven years' experience:

1. Woman suffrage has been weighed and not found wanting. Adopted by a statute passed by the first legislative Assembly of the Territory, in 1869, and approved by the Governor, it has continued without interruption and with but one unsuccessful demand for the repeal of the law. The constitutional convention which assembled in 1889 adopted the equal suffrage provision and refused to submit the question to a separate vote by a large majority. The continuance of the measure for nearly a quarter of a century, and the determination to incorporate it in the fundamental law, even at the risk of failing to secure Statehood, are the strongest arguments of its benefit and permanency.

2. It has tended to secure good nominations for the public offices. The women as a class will not knowingly vote for incompetent, immoral or inefficient candidates.

3. It has tended to make the women self-reliant and independent, and to turn their attention to the study of the science of government--an education that is needed by the mothers of the race.

4. It has made our elections quiet and orderly. No rudeness, brawling or disorder appears or would be tolerated at the polling booths. There is no more difficulty or indelicacy in depositing a ballot in the urn than in dropping a letter in the post office.

5. It has not marred domestic harmony. Husband and wife frequently vote opposing tickets without disturbing the peace of the home. Divorces are not as frequent here as in other communities, even taking into consideration our small population. Many applicants for divorces are from those who have a husband or wife elsewhere, and the number of divorces granted for causes arising in this State are comparatively few.

6. It has not resulted in unsexing women. They have not been office-seekers. Women are generally selected for county superintendents of the schools--offices for which they seem particularly adapted, but they have not been applicants for other positions.

7. Equal suffrage brings together at the ballot-box the enlightened common sense of American manhood and the unselfish moral sentiment of American womanhood. Both of these elements govern a well-regulated household, and both should sway the political destinies of the entire human family. Particularly do we need in this new commonwealth the home influence at the primaries and at the polls. We believe with Emerson that if all the vices are represented in our politics, some of the virtues should be.

In 1902 Justice Corn, of the State Supreme Court, made the following public statement:

Women of all classes very generally vote. Bad women do not obtrude their presence at the polls, and I do not now remember ever to have seen a distinctively bad woman casting her vote.

Woman suffrage has no injurious effect upon the home or the family that I have ever heard of during the twelve years I have resided in the State. It does not take so much of women's time as to interfere with their domestic duties, or with their church or charitable work. It does not impair their womanliness or make them less satisfactory as wives and mothers. They do not have less influence, or enjoy less respect and consideration socially. My impression is that they read the daily papers and inform themselves upon public questions much more generally than women elsewhere.

Woman suffrage has had the effect almost entirely to exclude notoriously bad or immoral men from public office in the State. Parties refuse to nominate such men upon the distinct ground that they can not obtain the women's vote.

The natural result of such conditions is to increase the respect in which women are held, and not to diminish it. They are a more important factor in affairs, and therefore more regarded. It is generally conceded, I think, that women have a higher standard of morality and right living than men. And, as they have a say in public matters, it has a tendency to make men respect their standard, and in some degree attempt to attain it themselves.

I have never been an enthusiastic advocate of woman suffrage as a cure for all the ills that afflict society, but I give you in entire candor my impressions of it from my observations in this State.

In 1889, after women in Wyoming had very generally exercised the full suffrage since 1869, Mrs. Clara B. Colby, editor of the _Woman's Tribune_, Washington, D. C., compiled a report from the census statistics. Those relating to crime, insanity and divorce were as follows:

The population of the United States has increased in the last decade 24.6 per cent. That of Wyoming has increased 127.9 per cent. But while the number of criminals in the whole United States has increased 40.3--an alarming ratio far beyond the increase of population--notwithstanding the immense increase of population in Wyoming, the number of criminals has not increased at all, but there has been a relative decrease, which shows a law-abiding community and a constantly improving condition of the public morals. In 1870 there were confined in the jails and prisons of Wyoming 74 criminals, 72 men and 2 women. The census of 1880 shows the same number of criminals, 74, as against an average number of criminals in the other Western States of 645. This remarkable fact is made more interesting because the 74 in 1890 are all men, and thus the scarecrow of the vicious women in politics disappears. Wyoming being the only State in which the per cent. of criminal women has decreased, it is evident that the morals of the female part of the population improve with the exercise of the right of suffrage.

There were 189,503 insane in the United States, but there were but three insane persons in Wyoming in 1880, all men. The preponderance of insanity among married women is usually attributed to the monotony of their lives, and since this is much relieved by their participation in politics we should naturally expect to find, as a physical effect, a decreased proportion of insane women where woman suffrage prevails.

From 1870 to 1880 the rate of divorce increased in the United States 79.4 per cent., three times the ratio of the increase of population, and in the group of Western States, omitting, Wyoming, it increased 436.7 per cent., almost four times the average increase of population, while in Wyoming the average increase in divorce was less than 50 per cent. of that of the population.

Compare Wyoming with a typical Eastern State--Connecticut--the latter has one insane person to every 363 of the population, Wyoming has one to every 1,497. Nor is this wholly a difference of East and West, for Idaho, its neighbor, shows one insane to every 1,029. Especially would voting seem to increase the intelligence of women, for in Connecticut there are over seven-tenths as many female idiots as there are male idiots, while in Wyoming there are only four-tenths as many.

Woman suffrage may have played no part in these statistics, but if they had shown an _increase_ of crime, insanity and divorce, it certainly would have been held responsible by the world at large.

* * * * *

NEW YORK.

The History is indebted to Attorney-General John C. Davies for most of the information on School Suffrage contained in the New York chapter, and also for the opinion which follows herewith on the right of women in that State to hold office.

By the Consolidated School Law it is provided, as regarding School Commissioners, that "No person shall be deemed ineligible to such office by reason of sex, who has the other qualifications as herewith provided;" and regarding common school districts, it is provided that "Every district officer must be a resident of his district and qualified to vote at its meetings." As certain women are qualified to vote in any common school district, such women are thus eligible to any _district_ office, including the offices of trustee, clerk, collector, treasurer or librarian.

A similar provision in reference to union free schools, that "No person shall be eligible to hold any school district office in any union free school district unless he or she is a qualified voter in such district and is able to read and write," permits women to hold office as members of the board of education and other district offices.

Aside from Chapter 214 of the Laws of 1892, which has been held to be unconstitutional, I know of no provision of law extending school suffrage to women in _cities_, except that charters of certain third class cities have extended to women tax-payers the right to vote upon a proposition involving the raising of a tax.

By the Public Officers' Law, Chap. 681 of the Laws of 1892, Section 3, it is provided that "No person shall be capable of holding a civil office who shall not, at the time he shall be chosen thereto, be of full age, a citizen of the United States, and resident of the State, and, if it be a local office, a resident of the political subdivision or municipal corporation of the State for which he shall be chosen, or within which the electors electing him reside, or within which his official functions are required to be exercised."

In the case of Findlay against Thorn, in the City Court of New York, where the question arose as to the right of a woman to exercise the office of notary public, Chief Justice McAdam refused to pass upon the question, holding that the right could be decided only in a direct proceeding brought for the purpose by the Attorney-General, in which the notary might defend her title. And the court adds:

"Whether a female is capable of holding a public office has never been decided by the courts of this State and it is a question about which legal minds may well differ. The Constitution regulates the right of suffrage and limits it to 'male' citizens. Disabilities are not favored and are seldom extended by implication, from which it may be argued that if it required the insertion of the term 'male' to exclude female citizens of lawful age from the right of suffrage, a similar limitation would be required to disqualify them from holding office. Citizenship is a condition or status and has no relation to age or sex. It may be contended that it was left to the good sense of the Executive and to the electors to determine whether or not they would elect females to office and that the power being lodged in safe hands was beyond danger of abuse.

"If on the other hand it be seriously contended that the Constitution by necessary implication, disqualifies females from holding office, it must follow as a necessary consequence that the Act of the Legislature permitting females to serve as school officers (Chap. 9, Laws of 1880), and all other legislative enactments of like import, removing such disqualifications, are unconstitutional and void. In this same connection it may be argued that if the use of the personal pronoun 'he' in the Constitution does not exclude females from public office, its use in the statute can have no greater effect. The statute, like the Constitution, in prescribing qualifications for office omits the word 'male,' leaving the question whether female citizens of lawful age are included or excluded, one of construction.

"I make these observations for the purpose of showing that the question whether females are eligible to public office in this State, is one not entirely free from doubt and should not therefore be decided where it arises, as it does here, incidentally and collaterally. When the law officers of the State see fit to test the question in direct proceedings for the purpose, it will be time enough to attempt to settle the contention. In such a proceeding, the case of Robinson (131 Mass. 376, and that reported in 107 Mass. 604), where it was held that a woman could not be admitted to practice as an attorney and counselor at law in Massachusetts, and those decided in other States that they can hold office, may be examined and considered."

See also Am. and Eng. Ency. of Law, Vol. 19, p. 403-4. I might add that in this State there are many women who hold the office of notary public.

* * * * *

WASHINGTON.

The following account of the unconstitutional disfranchising of the women of Washington Territory in 1888 was carefully prepared by the editors of the _Woman's Journal_ (Boston). When the editors of the present volume decided to incorporate it as a part of the History of Woman Suffrage it was submitted to Judge Orange J. Jacobs of Seattle for legal inspection. He returned it with the statement that it was correct in every particular. It constitutes one of the many judicial outrages which have been committed in the United States in the determination to prevent the enfranchisement of women:

Women voted in Washington Territory for the first time in 1884, and were disfranchised by its Supreme Court in 1887.

Equal suffrage was granted by the Legislature in October, 1883. The women at once began to distinguish themselves there, as in Wyoming and elsewhere, by voting for the best man, irrespective of party. The old files of the Washington newspapers bear ample evidence to this fact. The first chance they had to vote was at the municipal elections of July, 1884. The Seattle _Mirror_ said:

"The city election of last Monday was for more reasons than one the most important ever held in Seattle. The presence of women at the voting-places had the effect of preventing the disgraceful proceedings usually seen. It was the first election in the city where the women could vote, and the first where the gambling and liquor fraternity, which had so long controlled the municipal government to an enormous extent, suffered defeat."

The _Post-Intelligencer_ said:

"After the experience of the late election it will not do for any one here to say the women do not want to vote. They displayed as much interest as the men, and, if anything, more.... The result insures Seattle a first-class municipal administration. It is a warning to that undesirable class of the community who subsist upon the weaknesses and vices of society that disregard of law and the decencies of civilization will not be tolerated."

Quotations might be multiplied from the papers of other towns, testifying to the independent voting of the women, the large size of their vote, the courtesy with which they were treated, and the greater quiet and order produced by their presence at the polls.

Next came the general election of November, 1884. Again the newspapers were practically unanimous as to the result. The Olympia _Transcript_, which was opposed to equal suffrage, said: "The result shows that all parties must put up good men if they expect to elect them. They can not do as they have in the past--nominate any candidates, and elect them by the force of the party lash."

The _Democratic State Journal_ said: "No one could fail to see that hereafter more attention must be given at the primaries to select the purest of material, by both parties, if they would gain the female vote."

Charles J. Woodbury visited Washington about this time. In a letter to the N. Y. _Evening Post_, he said: "Whatever may be the vicissitudes of woman suffrage in Washington Territory in the future, it should now be put on record that at the election, Nov. 4, 1884, nine-tenths of its adult female population availed themselves of the right to vote with a hearty enthusiasm."

He goes on to say that he arrived in Seattle on Sunday, and was surprised at the quiet and order he found prevailing, and at the general Sunday closing of the places of business: "Even the bars of the hotels were closed; and this was the worst town in the Territory when I first saw it. Now its uproarious theaters, dance-houses, squaw-brothels and Sunday fights are things of the past. Not a gambling house exists."

Women served on juries, and meted out the full penalty of the law to gamblers and keepers of disorderly houses. The Chief Justice of the Territory was the Hon. Roger S. Greene, a cousin of U. S. Senator Hoar, a man of high character and integrity, and a magistrate celebrated throughout the Northwest for his resolute and courageous resistance to lynch law. In his charge to the grand jury at Port Townsend, August, 1884, he said:

"The opponents of woman suffrage in this Territory are found allied with a solid phalanx of gamblers, prostitutes, pimps, and drunkard-makers--a phalanx composed of all in each of those classes who know the interest of the class and vote according to it."

In his charge to another grand jury later, Chief Justice Greene said:

"Twelve terms of court, ladies and gentlemen, I have now held, in which women have served as grand and petit jurors, and it is certainly a fact beyond dispute that no other twelve terms so salutary for restraint of crime have ever been held in this Territory. For fifteen years I have been trying to do what a judge ought, but have never till the last six months felt underneath and around me, in the degree that every judge has a right to feel it, the upbuoying might of the people in the line of full and resolute enforcement of the law."

Naturally, the vicious elements disliked "the full and resolute enforcement of law." The baser sort of politicians also disliked the independent voting of the women. The Republicans had a normal majority in the Territory, but they nominated for a high office a man who was a hard drinker. The Republican women would not vote for him, and he was defeated. Next they nominated a man who had for years been openly living with an Indian woman and had a family of half-breed children. Again the Republican women refused to vote for him, and he was defeated. This brought the enmity of the Republican "machine" upon woman suffrage. The Democratic women showed equal independence, and incurred the hostility of the Democratic "machine."

Between 1884 and 1888 a change of administration at Washington led to a change in the Territorial Supreme Court. The newly appointed Chief Justice and a majority of the new judges of the Supreme Court [appointed by President Cleveland] were opposed to equal suffrage, and were amenable, it is said, to the strong pressure brought to bear upon them by all the vicious elements to secure its repeal. A gambler who had been convicted by a jury composed in part of women contested the sentence on the ground that women were not legal voters, and the Supreme Court decided that the woman suffrage bill was unconstitutional, because it had been headed "An Act to Amend Section So and So, Chapter So and So of the Code," instead of "An Act to Enfranchise Women.".... When the Legislature met in 1888 it re-enacted the woman suffrage bill, giving it a full heading, and strengthening it in every way possible.

Washington was about to be admitted as a State, and was preparing to hold a Constitutional Convention to frame a State constitution. There was no doubt that the majority of the women wanted to vote. Chief Justice Greene estimated that four-fifths of them had voted at the last election before they were deprived of the right. Two successive Legislatures elected by men and women jointly had re-enacted woman suffrage (for its continuance had been made a test question in the choice of the first Legislature for which the women voted, and that Legislature had been careful to insert the words "he or she" in all bills relating to the election laws). It was admitted on all hands that if the women were allowed to vote for members of the Constitutional Convention, it would be impossible to elect one that would wipe out woman suffrage. It was therefore imperative to deprive the women of their votes before the members of the convention were chosen. A scheme was arranged for the purpose. On the ground that she was a woman, the election officers at a local election refused the vote of Mrs. Nevada Bloomer, a saloon-keeper's wife, who was opposed to suffrage. _They accepted the votes of all the other women._ She made a test case by bringing suit against them. In the ordinary course of things, the case would not have come up till after the election of the constitutional convention. But cases for the restoration of personal rights may be advanced on the docket, and Mrs. Bloomer's ostensible object was the restoration of her personal rights, though her real object was to deprive all women of theirs. Her case was put forward on the docket and hurried to a decision.

The Supreme Court [George Turner and Wm. G. Langford] this time pronounced the woman suffrage law unconstitutional on the ground that _it was beyond the power of a Territorial Legislature to enfranchise women_. The Organic Act of the Territory said that at the first Territorial election persons with certain qualifications should vote, and at subsequent elections _such persons as the Territorial Legislature might enfranchise_. But the court took the ground that in giving the Legislature the right to regulate suffrage, Congress did not at the time have it specifically in mind that they might enfranchise women, and that therefore they could not do so.(!) The suffragists wanted to have the case appealed to the Supreme Court of the United States, but Mrs. Bloomer refused.

The women themselves being prevented from voting, their friends were not able to overcome the combined "machines" of both political parties, and the intense opposition of all the vicious and disorderly elements, at that time very large on the Pacific Coast. A convention opposed to equal suffrage was elected, and framed a constitution excluding women. A friend of the present writer talked with many of the members while the convention was in session. He says almost every lawyer in that body acknowledged, in private conversation, that the decision by which the women had been disfranchised was illegal. "But," they said, "the women had set the community by the ears on the temperance question, and we had to get rid of them." One politician said, frankly, "Women are natural mugwumps, and I hate a mugwump."

The convention, however, yielded to the pressure sufficiently to submit to the men a separate amendment proposing to strike out the word "male" from the suffrage clause of the new State constitution, but no woman was allowed to vote on it. In November, 1889, this amendment was lost, the same elements that defeated it in the convention defeating it at the polls, with the addition of a great influx of foreign immigrants.

NATIONAL-AMERICAN WOMAN SUFFRAGE ASSOCIATION.

This is the most democratic of organizations. Its sole object is to secure for women citizens protection in their right to vote. The general officers are nominated by an informal secret ballot, no one being put in nomination. The three persons receiving the highest number of votes are considered the nominees and the election is decided by secret ballot. Those entitled to vote are three delegates-at-large for each auxiliary State society and one delegate in addition for every one hundred members of each State auxiliary; the State presidents and State members of the National Executive Committee; the general officers of the association; the chairmen of standing committees. The delegates present from each State cast the full vote to which that State is entitled. The vote is taken in the same way upon any other question whenever the delegates present from five States request it. In other cases each delegate has one vote. Any State whose dues are unpaid on January 1 loses its vote in the convention for that year.

The two honorary presidents, president, vice-president-at-large, two secretaries, treasurer and two auditors constitute the Business Committee, which transacts the entire business of the association between the annual conventions.

The Executive Committee is composed of the Business Committee, the president of each State, and one member from each State, together with the chairmen of standing committees; fifteen make a quorum for the transaction of business. The decisions reached by the Executive Committee, which meets during the convention week, are presented in the form of recommendations at the business sessions of the convention.

The constitution may be amended by a two-thirds vote at any annual meeting, after one day's notice in the convention, notice of the proposed amendment having been previously given to the Business Committee, and by them published in the suffrage papers not less than three months in advance.

The association must hold an annual convention of regularly-elected delegates for the election of officers and the transaction of business. An annual meeting must be held in Washington, D. C., during the first session of each Congress.

The Committee on Resolutions must consist of one person from each State, elected by its delegation.

There are few changes in officers and the association is noted for the harmony of its meetings, although the delegates generally are of decided convictions and unusual force of character. Men are eligible to membership and a number belong, but the affairs of the organization are wholly in the hands of women.

Auxiliary State and Territorial associations exist in all but Wyoming, Idaho, Utah, Arkansas, Nevada and Texas. Suffrage associations are not needed in the first three, as the women have the full franchise.

OFFICERS FOR 1900.

Honorary Presidents, ELIZABETH CADY STANTON, New York City; SUSAN B. ANTHONY, Rochester, N. Y.

President, CARRIE CHAPMAN CATT, New York City.

Vice-President-at-Large, REV. ANNA HOWARD SHAW, Philadelphia.

Recording Secretary, ALICE STONE BLACKWELL, Boston.

Corresponding Secretary, RACHEL FOSTER AVERY, Philadelphia.

Treasurer, HARRIET TAYLOR UPTON, Warren, Ohio.

Auditors, LAURA CLAY, Lexington, Ky.; CATHARINE WAUGH MCCULLOCH, Chicago.

Honorary Vice-Presidents--[Prominent names mentioned in various States.]

FOOTNOTES:

[499] For Congressional action see History of Woman Suffrage, Vol. II, Chaps. XVII, XXIV, XXV; Vol. III, Chap. XXX; present volume, Chaps. III, V, VI, Chapter on Wyoming, and references in footnote of Chap. I.

[500] This list is most incomplete, as members change so frequently and the House has not voted on the question since 1869. Most of the names given above are of those who have in some way openly advocated the measure. Practically all of the members from the States where women have the full franchise are in favor, and there always has been a large number from Kansas. In 1896, in response to letters of inquiry, many announced themselves as ready to vote for a suffrage amendment.

[501] This is supplementary to matter contained in the State chapters.

STANDING COMMITTEES.

PROGRAMME--Carrie Chapman Catt, N. Y.; Rachel Foster Avery, Acting Chairman, Penn.; May Dudley Greeley, Minn.; Lucy Hobart Day, Me.; Kate M. Gordon, La.

CONGRESSIONAL WORK--Susan B. Anthony, N. Y.; Carrie Chapman Catt, N.Y.; Harriet Taylor Upton, O.; Helen M. Warren, Wy.; Virginia Morrison Shafroth, Col.

PRESS WORK--Elnora M. Babcock, N. Y.

ENROLLMENT--Priscilla Dudley Hackstaff, N. Y. and all State Treasurers.

FEDERAL SUFFRAGE--Sallie Clay Bennett, Ky.; Martha E. Root, Mich.

PRESIDENTIAL SUFFRAGE--Henry B. Blackwell, Mass, and State Presidents.

NATIONAL COMMITTEE ON LOCAL ARRANGEMENTS--Lucy E. Anthony, Penn.

RAILROAD RATES--Mary G. Hay, N. Y.

SPECIAL COMMITTEES.

INDUSTRIAL PROBLEMS AFFECTING WOMEN AND CHILDREN--Clara Bewick Colby, D. C; Martha E. Root, Mich.; Annie L. Diggs, Kas.; Margaret O. Rhodes, Okla.; Annie English Silliman, N. J.; Mary C. C. Bradford, Col.; Gail Laughlin, N. Y.

LEGISLATION FOR CIVIL RIGHTS--Laura M. Johns, Kas.

CONVENTION RESOLUTIONS--Susan B. Anthony, N. Y.; Carrie Chapman Catt, N. Y.; Ida Husted Harper, D. C.; Anna Howard Shaw, Penn.; Rachel Foster Avery, Penn.

POLITICAL EQUALITY SERIES--Alice Stone Blackwell, Mass.; Ida Husted Harper, D. C.

LIFE MEMBERS. (1901.)

_Alabama_--Adella Hunt Logan.

_California_--Mrs. A. R. Faulkner, Mary Wood Swift.

_Colorado_--Mary C. C. Bradford, Emily A. Brown, Amy K. Cornwall, Louisa S. Janvier, Emily R. Meredith.

_Connecticut_--H. J. Lewis.

_District of Columbia_--Julia L. Langdon Barber, Lucia E. Blount, Mary Foote Henderson, Margaret J. Henry, Hannah Cassall Mills, Mary A. McPherson, Martha McWirther, Mary C. Nason, Julia T. Ripley, Sophronia C. Snow, C. W. Spofford, Jane H. Spofford, Mary E. Terry, Helen Rand Tindall, Eliza Titus Ward, Nettie L. White.

_Georgia_--Gertrude C. Thomas.

_Illinois_--Sarah O. Coonley, Climenia K. Dennett, Emily M. Gross, Ida S. Noyes, Dr. Julia Holmes Smith, Elmina Springer, Lydia A. Coonley Ward.

_Indiana_--Ida Husted Harper, Alice Wheeler Peirce, May Wright Sewall.

_Iowa_--Martha C. Callanan, Nancy Logan, Mettie Laub Romans.

_Kansas_--Mabel LaPorte Diggs, Sarah E. Morrow.

_Kentucky_--Susan Look Avery, Sallie Clay Bennett, Mary B. Trimble, Laura R. White.

_Louisiana_--Caroline E. Merrick.

_Maryland_--Caroline Hallowell Miller.

_Massachusetts_--Carrie Anders, Martha M. Atkins, Alice Stone Blackwell, Henry B. Blackwell, Ellen Wright Garrison, Ellen F. Powers, Caroline Scott, Pauline Agassiz Shaw, Nellie S. Smith.

_Michigan_--Delos A. Blodgett, Daisy Peck Blodgett, Olivia B. Hall.

_Minnesota_--Alice Scott Cash, Elizabeth A. Russell, Sarah Vail Thompson.

_Missouri_--Phoebe W. Cousins, Virginia L. Minor, Sarah E. Turner.

_Nebraska_--Clara Bewick Colby, Mary Smith Hayward, Mary H. Williams.

_New Hampshire_--Marilla M. Ricker.

_New Jersey_--Florence Howe Hall, Laura Lloyd Heulings, Cornelia C. Hussey, Dr. Mary D. Hussey, Mrs. S. R. Krom, Susan W. Lippincott, Calista S. Mayhew, Dr. Sarah C. Spotteswoode, Ellen Hoxie Squier, Elizabeth M. Vail.

_New Mexico_--Alice Paxson Hadley.

_New York_--Susan B. Anthony, Mary S. Anthony, Victoria Bradley, Amelia Cameron, Cornelia H. Cary, George W. Catt, Carrie Chapman Catt, Ella Hawley Crossett, Anna Dormitzer, Rebecca Friedlander, Fannie Humphreys Gaffney, Matilda Joslyn Gage, Priscilla Dudley Hackstaff, Sarah V. Hallock, Mary H. Hallowell, Mary G. Hay, Belle S. Holden, Emily Howland, Hannah L. Howland, Dorcas Hull, Emma G. Ivins, Rhody J. Kenyon, Mary Elizabeth Lapham, Semantha Vail Lapham, Mrs. Frank Leslie, Mary Hillard Loines, Anne Fitzhugh Miller, Elizabeth Smith Miller, Martha Fuller Prather, Euphemia C. Purton, Mary Thayer Sanford, James F. Sargent, Angelina M. Sargent, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Fanny Garrison Villard, Julia Willetts Williams, Sarah L. Willis.

_Ohio_--Caroline McCullough Everhard, Elizabeth J. Hauser, Sallie J. McCall, Anna C. Mott, Alice E. Peters, Louisa Southworth, Susan M. Sturges.

_Oklahoma_--Rachel Rees Griffiths.

_Pennsylvania_--Lucy E. Anthony, Mary Schofield Ash, Rachel Foster Avery, Emma J. Bartol, Lucretia L. Blankenburg, Ellen K. Brazier, Emma J. Brazier, Katherine J. Campbell, Kate W. Dewald, Julia T. Foster, Alvin T. James, Helen Mosher James, Edith C. James, Dr. Agnes Kemp, Caroline Lippincott, Mary W. Lippincott, Hannah Myers Longshore, Jacob Reese, Rev. Anna Howard Shaw, Nicolas M. Shaw, M. J. Stecker, M. Adeline Thomson.

_Rhode Island_--Sarah J. Eddy, Charlotte B. Wilbour, Sarah S. Wilbour.

_South Carolina_--A. Viola Neblett, Martha Schofield.

_Utah_--Emily S. Richards, Emmeline B. Wells.

_Wisconsin_--Rev. Olympia Brown.

_Persia_--Susan Van Valkenburg Hamilton (formerly of Indiana).

DELEGATES TO NATIONAL CONVENTIONS, 1883-1900.

At the national conventions those who occupy the platform and make the addresses naturally have the most conspicuous place, but those who come from the various localities, year after year, bringing the reports from their States and taking their necessary part in the proceedings, are equally valuable factors. Their names, at least, should be preserved, and the following list, while by no means complete, is as nearly so as it has been possible to make it. Those which are included in the National chapters are not repeated. Many of the women recorded below receive their deserved mention in the State chapters.

_Alabama_: Amelia M. Dillard, Minnie Henderson. _Arizona_: Ex-Gov. and Mrs. L. C. Hughes, Pauline M. O'Neill, Mrs. G. H. Oury. Arkansas: Mary A. Davis, Lizzie D. Fyler, C. M. Patterson. _California_: Nellie Holbrook Blinn, Amy G. Bowen, Emilie Gibbons Cohen, Warren C. Kimball, Lucy Wilson Moore, Julia Schlesinger, Mary Simpson Sperry, Beda S. Sperry, Mary Wood Swift. _Colorado_: Theodosia G. Ammons, Dr. Mary Barker Bates, Margaret Bowen, Nettie E. Caspar, Hattie E. Fox, H. Jennie James, B. R. Owens, Katharine A. G. Patterson, Eliza F. Routt, Lucy E. Ransom Scott, Mary Jewett Telford, Harriet M. Teller. _Connecticut_: Mrs. L. D. Allen, Rose I. Blakeslee, Sarah E. Browne, Caroline B. Buell, Mrs. E. C. Champion, Alta Starr Cressy, Mrs. N. F. Griswold, Addie S. Hale, Howard J. Hale, Ellen B. Kendrick, Emily O. Kimball, Grace C. Kimball, Mary J. Rogers, Abby Barker Sheldon. _Dakota Territory_: Marietta M. Bones, Linda B. Slaughter. _Delaware_: Mary R. De Vou, Margaret W. Houston, Margaret E. Kent, Patience W. Kent, Emma Lore, Mary Elizabeth Milligan, Adda G. Quigley, Mary H. Thatcher, Elizabeth Bacon Walling. _District of Columbia_: Frances B. Andrews, L. L. Bacon, Mary L. Bennett, Bessie Boone Cheshire, Anna Gray De Long, Lucy S. Doolittle, Annie M. Edgar, Dr. Susan Edson, M. J. Fowler, Emma M. Gillett, J. Minnie Holn, Martha V. Johnson, Carrie E. Kent, Mrs. J. H. La Fetra, Mary S. Lockwood, Sarah J. Messer, Henrietta C. Morrison, Helen Mitchell, Hattie E. Nash, Mary V. Noerr, Ellen M. O'Connor, Mary A. Ripley, Mary L. Talbot, Cora De La Matyr Thomas, Helen Rand Tindall, Eliza Titus Ward, Elizabeth Wilson, Theresa Williams, Dr. Caroline B. Winslow. Mary H. Williams. _Florida_: Ella C. Chamberlain. Georgia: D. M. Allen, Margaret Chandler, Julia Iveson Patton, Gertrude C. Thomas, Adelaide Wilson.

_Idaho_: Mrs. Milton Kelley. _Illinois_: Julia K. Barnes, Mary I. Barnes, Emma J. Bigelow, Corinne S. Brown, Hannah J. Coffee, C. H. Crocker, Angelina Craver, Climenina K. Dennet, George H. Dennet, Sylvia Doton, Emmy C. Evald, Matilda S. Garrigus, Mary T. Hager, Mrs. Frank L. Hubbard, Mary Louise Haworth, Kate Hughes, Lizzie F. Long, Lena Morrow, Angie B. Schweppe, Eva Munson Smith, Dr. Alice B. Stockham, Adeline M. Swain, Nellie J. Tweed, Jessie Waite, Dr. Lucy Waite, Margaret Will. Indiana: Lizzie M. Briant, Mary G. Hay, Dr. M. A. Jessup, Etta Mattox, Alice Wheeler Peirce, Bertha G. Wade, Alice G. Waugh, Iva G. Wooden. Iowa: Alice Ainsworth, Eunice T. Barnett, Lucy Busenbark, Narcissa T. Bemis, James Callanan, Martha C. Callanan, Margaret V. Campbell, Mary J. Coggeshall, Nettie Sanford Chapin, Martha J. Cass, Elizabeth Coughell, Anna B. Crawford, Marietta Farr Cannell, Ella G. Cline, Mary Mason Clark, Victoria Dewey, Jane Denby, C. Holt Flint, Nellie C. Flint, Louise B. Field, Mrs. W. P. Hepburn, Jane Hammond, Julia Clark Hallam, Harriet Jenks, Charles W. Jacobs, Rosina Jacobs, Mrs. M. Lloyd Kennedy, A. M. E. Leffingwell, Polly A. Maulsby, Florence M. Maskrey, Mary E. McPherson, Jane Amy McKinney, Ella Moffatt, Bessie Murray, Emily Phillips, Mary D. Palmer, Emeline B. Richardson, Mettie Laub Romans, Rowena Edson Stevens, Estelle Smith, Elmina Springer, Frances Smith, Rev. John Ogilvie Stevenson, Ina Light Taylor, Roma W. Woods, Frilla Belle Young. _Kansas_: Anna A. Broderick, Fannie M. Broderick, Jennie Broderick, B. B. Baird, C. H. Cushing, Mabel La Porte Diggs, Caroline Doster, Martha Powell Davis, Bertha H. Ellsworth, Nannie Garrett, Dr. Eva Harding, Antoinette Haskell, Hetta P. Mansfield, Mrs. J. McPatten, Constant P. McElroy, Jennie Robb Maher, Bina A. Otis, Josephine L. Patton, Carrie L. Prentiss, Althea B. Stryker, Sarah A. Thurston, Abbie A. Welch, Alonzo Wardall, Elizabeth M. Wardall, Anna C. Wait. _Kentucky_: Laura S. Bruce, Mary C. Cramer, S. M. Hubbard, Sarah G. Humphries, Mary K. Jones, Dr. Sarah M. Siewers, Sarah H. Sawyer, Mrs. M. R. Stockwell, Amanthus Shipp, Mary Wood, Sallie B. Wolcott, Laura White. Louisiana: Florence Huberwald, Matilda P. Hero, Dr. Harriet C. Keating, Caroline E. Merrick, Jr., Katharine M. Nobles, Frances Sladden.

_Maine_: Rev. Henry Blanchard, M. S. Carlisle, Lucy Hobart Day, Martha O. Dyer, Dr. Abby M. Fulton, Martha W. Fairfield, Helen A. Harriman, Mary C. Nason, Mary E. A. Osborne, Sarah J. L. O'Brien, Abby A. C. Peaslee, Cordelia A. Quimby, Sophronia C. Snow, Lucy A. and Lavinia Snow, Elizabeth P. Smith. _Maryland_: Amanda M. Best, Juliet L. Baldwin, Emma Madox Funck, Emma Frinck, Annie W. Janney, Annie R. Lamb, Mary E. Moore, Rebecca T. Miller, Martha S. Townsend, Mary J. Williamson. _Massachusetts_: Annie T. Auerbach, Richard and Carrie Anders, Martha Atkins, Mr. and Mrs. Oliver C. Ashton, Esther F. Boland, Catherine W. Bascom, Samuel J. Barrows, Martha Sewall Curtis, Adelaide A. Claflin, Emma Clapp, Sophia A. Forbes, Ellen Wright Garrison, Cora Chapin Godfrey, Adeline Howland, Sarah Hudson, Mary E. Hilton, Mrs. Arden Hall, Hannah Hall, Charlotte Lobdell, Eveleen L. Mason, Louisa A. Morrison, Martha A. P. Neall, Ellen F. Powers, Agnes G. Parritt, Maud Wood Park, John Parker, Cora V. Smart, Silvanus Smith, Judith W. Smith, Mary Clarke Smith, Nellie S. Smith, Mrs. W. H. Semple, Jane A. Stewart, Dora Bascom Smith, Addie E. Tarbell, Sarah E. Wall, Eliza Webber, Elizabeth H. Webster, Evelyn Williams, Dr. Marion L. Woodward, Mr. and Mrs. John L. Whiting. _Michigan_: Charlotte Goeway, Mrs. C. D. Hodges, De Lisle P. Holmes, Sarah L. Hazlett, Margaret M. Huckins, Frances Kinney, Dr. Clara W. McNaughton, Ida J. Marsh, Nettie McCloy, E. Matilda Moore, Carrie W. Miller, Frances Wright Spearman, Sarah E. Smith, Elizabeth A. Willard. _Minnesota_: Nina T. Cox, Lydia R. Eastwood, Mayme Jester, Delilah C. Reid, Judge J. B. Stearns, Sarah Burger Stearns, Martha Adams Thompson, Sarah Vail Thompson. _Mississippi_: Harriet B. Kells, Nellie M. Somerville, Lily Wilkinson Thompson. _Missouri_: Alice Blackburn, Mary Waldo Calkins, Ella Harrison, Virginia Hedges, Addie M. Johnson, Alice C. Mulky, J. B. Merwin, Sarah E. Turner, Emaline A. Templeton, Mary U. Vandwert, Mrs. E. E. Montague Winch, Victoria Conkling Whitney, Isabella Wightman, Eliza T. Wilson, William Wilson, Sarah Wilson. _Montana_: Dr. Maria M. Dean, Eva Hirschberg, George W. Jones, Delia A. Kellogg, Marie L. Mason, Sarepta Sanders, Harriet P. Sanders, Dora D. Wright.

_Nebraska_: Maria C. Arter, Rachel Brill, Clara Cross, Nettie L. Cronkhite, Abby Gay Dustin, Helen M. Goff, Ellen D. Harn, Ellen A. Herdman, Irene Hernandez, Lena McCormick, Amanda J. Marble, Maud Miller, Anna L. Spirk, Sarah K. Williams, Esther L. Warner. _Nevada_: Hannah R. Clapp, Mary E. Rinkle, Annie Warren, Frances A. Williamson. _New Hampshire_: Mary A. P. Filley, M. E. Powell, Marilla M. Ricker, Rev. H. B. Smith. New Jersey: Emma L. Blackwell, Phoebe Baily, Katherine H. Browning, Hannah Cairns, Jennie D. DeWitt, Dr. Florence De Hart, Rev. Phoebe A. Hanaford, Mrs. A. J. Jackson, Jane Bryant Kellogg, Susan W. Lippincott, Ellen Miles, Mary Philbrook, Amelia Dickinson Pope, Aaron M. Powell, Louise Downs Quigley, Theresa M. Seabrook, Minola Graham Sexton, Charlotte C. R. Smith, Laura H. Van Cise, M. Louise Watts, Phoebe C. Wright. _New Mexico_: Fannie Baca, I. M. Bond, H. D. Fergusson, Ida Morley Jarrett, Mayme E. Marble, Mrs. J. D. Perkins, Anna Van Schick. _New York_: Mrs. E. Andreas, Mrs. Wilkes Angel, Ruby Abby, Abigail A. Allen, Dr. Augusta Armstrong, Rev. Caroline A. Bassett, Victoria Bradley, Sarah F. Blackall, Frances Benedict, Mrs. R. G. Beatty, Helen M. Cook, Dr. Harriet B. Chapin, Eveleen R. Clark, Cornelia H. Cary, Noah Chapman, Margaret Livingston Chanler, Mrs. M. A. Clinton, Charlotte A. Cleveland, Ella Hawley Crossett, Lucy Hawley Calkins, Nora E. Darling, Marie Frances Driscoll, S. W. Ellis, Mrs. M. D. Fenner, Laura W. Flower, Dr. Fales, Catherine G. Foote, Theodosia C. Goss, Eliza C. Gifford, Dr. Virginia L. Glauner, Elizabeth P. Hall, Mary H. Hallowell, Frances V. Hallock, Dorcas Hull, Etta E. Hooker, Emily Howland, Isabel Howland, Cornelia K. Hood, Belle S. Holden, Mary N. Hubbard, Margherita Arlina Hamm, Ella S. Hammond, Priscilla D. Hackstaff, Mary Bush Hitchcook, Elizabeth Noyes Hopkins, Ada M. Hall, Marie R. Jenney, Julie R. Jenney, Frances C. Lewis, Jeannette R. Leavitt, Carrie S. Lerch, Mary Hillard Loines, Mrs. P. A. Moffett, Pamela S. McCown, Margaret Morton, Mrs. Joshua G. Munro, Anne Fitzhugh Miller, Sarah A. McClees, Deborah Otis, Martha F. Prather, Jessie Post, J. Mary Pearson, Lucy S. Pierce, Abby Hutchinson Patton, Lucy Boardman Smith, Marian H. Skidmore, Angeline M. Sargent, James Sargent, Jessie J. Cassidy Saunders, Mary B. Sackett, Jane M. Slocum, Mary Thayer Sanford, Emma B. Sweet, Emma M. Tucker, Kate S. Thompson, Sarah L. Willis, Kate Foster Warner, Anna Willets, Cerelle Grandin Weller. _North Carolina_: Lilla Ripley Barnwell, Floride Cunningham, Miriam Harris, Helen Morris Lewis, Margaret Richardson. _North Dakota_: Helen de Lendrecie, Dr. Cora Smith (Eaton), Henrietta Paulson Haagensen, Delia Lee Hyde, Mary S. Lounsberry, Sara E. B. Smith, Mary Whedon.

_Ohio_: Ella M. Bell, Sarah S. Bissell, W. O. Brown, Frances M. Casement, Katharine B. Claypole, Mary N. Cunningham, Elizabeth Coit, Martha P. Dana, Martha H. Elwell, Ellen Sully Fray, Mary C. Francis, Jannette Freer, Elizabeth Gilmer, Prof. Jennie Gifford, Mary L. Geffs, Clara Giddings, Eliza P. Houk, Emma C. Hayes, Margaret Hackadorne, Emma P. Harley, Eason Holbrook, Minnie C. Hauser, Elizabeth J. Hauser, Cecilia Halloway, Minnie Stull Harris, Prof. Mary Jewett, Josephine King, Mary J. Lawrence, Mary Folger Lang, Sallie J. McCall, Rev. Henrietta G. Moore, Mary J. McMillan, Anna C. Mott, Lydia A. D. Northway, Miss L. J. Ormstead, Addie M. Porter, Alice E. H. Peters, O. G. Peters, Sarah M. Perkins, Annie Laurie Quinby, Harriet B. Rossa, Florence Richards, Edythe E. Root, Mrs. N. Coe Stewart, Abbie Schumacher, Helen R. Smith, Katherine Dooris Sharpe, Hattie A. Sachs, Harriet Brown Stanton, Dr. Viola Swift, Lottie M. Sackett, Cornelia Shaw, C. Swezey, Rosa L. Segur. _Oklahoma_: Margaret Rees, Mrs. R. W. Southard, Celia Z. Titus. _Oregon_: Frances E. Gottshall. _Pennsylvania_: Olive Pond Amies, Agnes M. Biddle, Mrs. W. C. Butterfield, Mary Patterson Beaver, A. Isabel Bowers, Emma J. Bartol, Katherine J. Campbell, Anna M. Child, Alice M. Coates, Elizabeth D. Green, Susanna M. Gaskill, Caroline Gibbons, Mrs. E. N. Garrett, Bertha W. Howe, Hetty Y. Hallowell, Lidie C. W. Koethen, Mary F. Kenderdine, Mary S. Kent, Agnes Kemp, Mary B. Luckie, Alberta Moorehouse, Mrs. L. M. B. Mitchell, Dr. Jane V. Myers, Esther A. Pownall, Anna C. Pennock, Elizabeth B. Passmore, Charlotte L. Peirce, Harriet Purvis, Jacob Reese, Jean B. Stephenson, Nicolas M. Shaw, Emily H. Saxton, Mary B. Satterthwaite, Margaret B. Stone, Mattie A. N. Shaw, Mrs. G. W. Schofield, Robert Tilney, Annie L. Tilney.

_Rhode Island_: Mary O. Arnold, Emeline Burlingame Cheney, Elizabeth Buffum Chace, Ardelia C. Dewing, Jeannette S. French, Charlotte B. Wilbour. _South Carolina_: Mary P. Gridley, Jean B. Lockwood, Maude Sindersine, Claudia Gordon Tharin, May Tharin. _South Dakota_: Irene G. Adams, Ida R. Bailey, Mrs. F. C. Bidwell, Emma Cranmer, Mrs. W. V. Lucas, Anna R. Simmons, Mrs. C. E. Thorpe. _Tennessee_: Jennie Bailett, L. Graham Crozier, Mary McLeer. _Texas_: Rebecca Henry Hayes, L. R. Perkins. _Utah_: Corinne M. Allen, Sarah A. Boyer, Phebe Young Beatie, Charlotte Ives Cobb, Marilla M. Daniels, Mary E. Gilmer, Annie Godbe, Sarah M. Kimball, Aurelia S. Rodgers. _Vermont_: Mary N. Chase, Eliza S. Eaton, Mary Hutchinson, Alice Clinton Smith. Virginia: Elisan Brown, Nina Cross, Henderson Dangerfield, Elizabeth B. Dodge, Etta Grymes Farrar, Georgia Gibson, Emma R. Gilman, L. M. Green, Arabella B. Howard, Anna M. Snowden, Elizabeth Van Lew, Mary B. Wickersham. _Washington_: Mrs. Francis W. Cushman, Mrs. L. C. Kellogg, Martha E. Pike. _West Virginia_: Jessie G. Manley, Columbia A. Morgan, Florence M. Post, Clara Reinhammer. _Wisconsin_: Louisa M. Eastman, Almeda B. Gray, Laura B. James, Lucinda Lake, Jessie Nelson Luther, Maybell Park, Dora Putnam, Ellen A. Rose. _Wyoming_: Hon. M. C. Brown, Amalia B. Post, Mrs. Francis E. Warren.

INDEX OF SUBJECTS.

The famous bibliographer, William Oldys, wrote early in the 18th century: "The labour and patience, the judgment and penetration, which are required to make a good index are only known to those who have gone through this most painful but least-praised part of a publication." Lord Campbell said, a century later, in his preface to The Lives of Chief Justices: "I proposed to bring a Bill into Parliament to deprive an author, who publishes a book without an index, of the privilege of copyright."

If an index were deemed so valuable in those periods of comparative leisure, one as complete as possible is surely an absolute necessity in these days when time is at the highest premium, but the maker is under obligation to study conciseness in order that the index may not be as long as the book. It has seemed practicable to reduce very greatly the length of this one without impairing its efficiency by asking the reader to bear in mind a few simple facts as to the arrangement of the History.

Chapters II-XXI are devoted exclusively to the conventions of the National Suffrage Association and the consequent hearings, reports and discussions in Congress; the story of each year is complete in its chapter and the date is in the running title on the right hand page. The work of the American Association before the two societies united is complete in Chapter XXII. These chapters contain the _argument_.

Chapters XXV-LXXII comprise the full history of the work in the States and Territories, one chapter given to each and all alphabetically arranged with name in running title on the right hand page. Each State is subdivided and the heads denoted by capital letters, as follows: Organization, Legislative Action, Laws, Suffrage, Office Holding, Occupation, Education.

The other chapters are clearly designated in the Table of Contents, and practically all the information which the book contains on each subject will be found in its respective chapter. The greatest problem has been the indexing of the many _speeches_ so as to convey an idea of their subject-matter, as a number of them cover a variety of topics, and it has been possible to indicate only the principal points. The editors trust, however, that the systematic arrangement of the volume and the full Table of Contents will enable the reader to obtain the desired information without difficulty.

_Age of Protection_, 460, and in each State chapter under _Legislative Action and Laws_, beginning 465.

AMENDMENT CAMPAIGNS FOR WOMAN SUFFRAGE, xxi; 40; in Calif., 486; in Col., 513; in S. D., 553-7; in Ida., 590; in Kas., 643; in N. J., 822; in N. Y., 847; in Ore., 895; in R. I., 909; in Wash., 973.

AMENDMENT TO NATIONAL CONSTITUTION FOR WOMAN SUFFRAGE, objection to amending, advantage in securing wom. suff., xx, xxi; 14th amend, and attempts of women to vote under it, 3 et seq.; 15th amend., effect on wom. suff., 6; effort to amend for Federal Suff. for women, 7; Nat'l. Ass'n. begins work for 16th amend., 11; res. for in '84, 25; Miss Anthony on, 40; same, 42; argument for, 54; sp. of Sen. Palmer, 62; contrary to State's rights, 68; first discussion of 16th amend. in Senate, 85; 14th amend., Miss Anthony on, 152; 158; Senate Com. recom. 16th in '92, 201; 14th grants wom. suff., 204; women appeal 25 yrs. for 16th amend., 223; efforts of Nat'l Ass'n. for, 367; Mrs. Catt on why one is asked for, 369; Miss Anthony's plea, 373; American Ass'n. declares for, 410, 417.

AMENDMENTS TO STATE CONSTITUTIONS FOR WOMAN SUFFRAGE, laws in different States, xvi; difficulty in Minn and Neb., failure of Sch. Suff. in N.J., xvi; same in S.D., xvii; submitted by ten States and results, xxi; obstacles to securing, xxiii; comparison of votes, xxix; votes on, 40; adopted in Col., 528; in Idaho, 593; school and library in Minn., 778; law similar to amendment in Wis., 988.

AMERICAN WOMAN SUFFRAGE ASSOCIATION, work of after '84, Chap. XXII; 13; founded, 14; union with Nat'l Ass'n., 164.

ANECDOTES, 71; public money for "shes," 193; in Tenn., 196; how men represent women, 197; of Miss Willard, 215; woman on throne, 229; poll tax in Tenn., 241; women's voices, 334; woman's product, 337; from Ala., 341; Miss Anthony's right bower, 351; early education, 354-5; women who have all the rights they want, 360; Miss Anthony on "antis," 384; of Abigail Adams, 422; influence of liquor dealers, 486; Yon's vote in Col., 519; a Mass. legislator, 740; women's money builds State Houses, 763; suff. bill in Wash., 972.

ANTI-SUFFRAGE ASSOCIATION, advantage of, xxix; same, 16; they mean well, 327; in Ills., 603; in Mass., 716 et al.; against mother's guardianship, 744; in N. Y., 850 et al., 971; in Aus., 1032.

ANTI-SUFFRAGISTS, see Remonstrants.

AUSTRALIA, --South, Chapter on, 1027 --West, " " 1029 --New South Wales, " " 1029 --Victoria, " " 1031 --Queensland, " " 1032 --Tasmania, " " 1033 Enfranchises its women, xiv; first country to grant them Munic. Suff., 224; eminent advocates of wom. suff., 1084.

BAZAR, Nat'l. Ass'n., in New York, 365; Amer. Ass'n. in Boston, descrip. of, Mrs. Howe's and Mrs. Stone's addresses, 426-8.

BIBLE, wrong interpretation of, 65; for wom. suff., 71; not opp. to, 102; 106; men's interpretation of, 113; purpose of Creator, 119; not alone respons. for subjection of woman, 146; Woman's Bible, discussion of at Nat'l. conv., 263.

BILL OF RIGHTS, woman's, 154.

BILLS, for wom. suff., how treated, xxviii; of Nat'l. Ass'n., W. C. T. U., Fed. of Clubs, etc., 451-3, and under head of _Legislative Action_ in State chapters, beginning 465; Nat'l. Ass'n. protests against Edmunds-Tucker Bill, 26; same, 71; 78; res. against, 122-3; committees on, 939.

BIRTHDAYS, Miss Anthony's 70th, 163; her 74th, 223-4; her 78th, 291; greetings on, 300; her 80th, vi; same, 383; 385 et seq.; gifts on, 389 et seq.; celebration of in Lafayette Opera House, Wash't'n., 394-404; trib. of Wm. Lloyd Garrison, 395, of Mrs. Coonley-Ward, 401, of Miss Shaw, 402; greeting from Mrs. Stanton, 402; Miss Anthony's response, 403; letters rec'd., 403; recep. in Corcoran Art Gallery, 404; her portrait presented, 405; her happiness, 405. --Mrs. Stanton's 80th, 250. --Rev. Anna Howard Shaw's, 391.

BOARDS, difficulty of getting women on, 462; see each State chapter under _Office Holding_, beginning 465; in Great Britain, 368, 1023. --Lady Managers World's Fair, indebted to Miss Anthony, 211; same, 232; Act of Congress creating, 233; 609.

CALIFORNIA, xv; Legis. refuses suff. amd't, xx; Miss Shaw's acc't. of visit of Miss Anthony and herself in '95, 253; work for suff. amend., 273; honor to Miss Anthony, 274; gift to Miss Anthony, 390. See State Chapter.

CALLS, for nat'l. suff. conv. of '84, 15; for first Int'l. Council, 125; for conv. of '89, 143; for conv. of '91, 175; for conv. of '94, 221; for first Wom. Rights Conv., 288.

CAMPAIGNS, for wom. suff. amdts. See Amendment Campaigns.

CANADA, Dominion of, chapter on, 1034.

CATHOLICS, in politics, 149; attitude of clergy, 366; wom. suff. in Summer Sch. at Detroit, 447; coeducation, 464; college for women, 575; on Boston Sch. Bd., 706.

CHIVALRY, specimens of, 16; absurdity of, 17; men and women need each other, 36, 44, 45, 49, 59; Miss Willard on, 141; Chivalry of Reform, Mrs. Howe on, 170; injustice of, 188; in Kas., 199; mistakes of, 209; in South, 241; fear of, 382; 968.

CHURCH, influence on wom. suff., xxiv; wom. suff. foundation of Christianity, 16; relation to it, 20; prayer vs. votes, 22; same, 37; 41; res. on creeds and dogmas, 58; discussion by Mrs. Stanton, Miss Anthony and others, 59 et seq.; influence of religion over woman, 60; its connect. with wom. suff., 75; woman's influence in church, 96; for equality of rights, Bishop Newman, 112; 121; value of wom. suff. to, 149; Mrs. Stanton's demand for its recog. of woman's equality, 165; upholds man's headship, 176; opp. to equality of woman, 177; voice of God has soprano and bass, 200; M. E. refuses to ordain women, 206; women might vote at ch. elections, 212; Miss Shaw on mission of, 229; Miss Anthony's plea for relig. liberty, 264; sympathy with wom. suff., 270; woman's services to, 279; woman's position in 292; 359; 464; 497; 708; 711; 718; 962-3; 974; missionary work of women, 1057 et seq.

CLUBHOUSES, WOMEN'S, Wimodaughsis, 184, 188; in Grand Rapids, 322-3; in Calif., 508; in Indpls., 627; in Mich., 771; in Phila., 901; 1043.

CLUBS, WOMEN'S, _see_ last paragraph in various State chapters. In Col., 302; 356; in Mich., welcome Nat'l suff. conv., 324; political, 150; in N. Y., 872; first women's clubs on record, 1042-3; Gen'l Federation of, 1050; Musical, Nat'l. Fed. of, 1056.

COLLEGES. _See_ Universities.

COLORADO, xxi; xxix; appear. of delegates, 222; Gov. Waite on wom. suff. in, 232; women in Legis., 239; 252; visit of Miss Anthony and Miss Shaw in '95, 253; effect of wom. suff., 268; same, 282; distinguished testimony for, 302-3, 383, 390; legis. res. in favor of, 327; Mrs. Welch at conv. of '99, 327; wom. suff. in, 356; gift and trib. to Miss Anthony on 80th birthday, 400. _See_ State Chapter; also Statistics and Testimony.

COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION, Lady Managers, _see_ Boards; invites Suff. Ass'n. to World's Fair, 184; ass'n. arranges for booth, 185, discusses res. to open gates on Sunday, 185, to prohibit liquor selling, 186; effect of the Fair on women, 211; 221; Congress of Women all for suff., 232; report of Nat'l. Suff. Ass'n. Com., 232; 609.

COMMERCIAL SCHOOLS, Fed. of, adopts wom. suff. res. and petits., 447.

COMMISSIONS, of women demanded for Philippines, 331-2, 343; U. S. Labor, Miss Laughlin on, 361; for Paris expos., Mrs. Palmer on, 367.

COMMITTEES, of American Suffrage Association, on arrangements for convs., _see_ Chapter XXII; executive of, 409; on union with Nat'l. Ass'n., 164, 431. --of National Suffrage Association on Int'l Council, 124; on union with Am. Ass'n., 164; on Columbian Expos., 232. _See_ also 1098-9. On Miss Anthony's 80th birthday celebration, 395. --Congressional, on wom. suff., 31. _See_ Reports.

CONGRESS, power to extend suff., 7 et seq.; work of Nat'l Suff. Ass'n. with, 11; committee reports, discussions and speeches, 12; House debate on Wom. Suff. Com. 31; wom. suff. sp. of Sen. Palmer, 62; first discussion of 16th amend. in Senate, 85; other debates on wom. suff. in Senate, 85; Blair's sp. in '87, 86 et seq.; should submit amend., 93; sp. of Brown, 93 et seq.; Dolph favors wom. suff., 100; discussion of women on juries, 104; Vest opposes wom. suff., 105; Hoar in favor, 109; vote in Senate, 110; 112; authority to enfranchise women, 118; duty to submit suff. amend., 163; favorable sentiment, 181; way to manage a bill in, 218; needs watching, 365; work of Nat'l. Ass'n. for 16th amend., 367; appeals to for 16th amend. to enfranch. women, 445; for rights of women in new possessions, 446; amusing debate on admis. of Wy., 998 et seq. _See_ Amendments and Debates.

CONGRESSES OF WOMEN, World's Fair, 232, 609; in San Fr., 253, 479, 481; Atlanta expos., 263; London in '99, 352-3; in Los Angeles, 495; in Ore., 892-3.

CONSTITUTION, NATIONAL, more rigid than in other countries, xv, gives women right to vote, Chapter I; first appearance of "male," 2; attempt of women to vote under 14th amend., 3 et seq.; amend. for Federal Suff. for women, 7; authority over suff., 8 et seq.; provides for amending, 100; vote on wom. suff. amend., 110; rights of women under, 115; Mrs. Stanton on its violation in case of women, 138; fails to protect black men, 153; Mrs. Blake's argument for wom. suff. under its provisions, 374-5.

CONSTITUTIONS, STATE, all framed by men; different peculiarities, xv et seq.; all barred women from suff., 2; Utah and Wy. included wom. suff. in first, 949, 1003. _See_ State chapters under _Suffrage_.

CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTIONS. _See_ Conventions.

CONSTITUTIONAL LAW. _See_ Law.

CONTRACTS. _See Laws_ in each State chapter.

CONVENTIONS, American Suff. Assn., from '84 to '88, 406-428; early convs. in Phila., 423. --National Suffrage Ass'n., first one ever called, xiii; earliest ones, 14; res. for Int'l. Suff. Conv., 25; changed attitude of press toward, 57; first suff. meeting held in Washt'n., 70; conv. for '88, 137; complimented by Washt'n. _Star_, 173; convs. before the war, 205; alternate ones taken out of Washt'n., Miss Anthony's protest, 218; the other side, 219; descript. of '94, 221; Miss Anthony's method of presiding, 238; descript. of '95, 236; of '97, 271. See Chapters II-XXI.

CONVENTIONS, work for wom. suff. in political and other conventions, Chap. XXIII. _See_ State chapters.

CONVENTIONS, Nat'l. Political, first appeal of women for suff., 435; appeals in 1900, 440 et seq. --Republican, record of, 435-7, 440; for 1900, 443-4. --Democratic, record of, 437, 440; for 1900, 444. --Populist, record of, 437-8, 441; for 1900, 444. --Prohibition, record of, 438; for 1900, 444. --Other Parties, record of, xviii, 438-9; for 1900, 444. _See_ also Democrats, Populists, Republicans, Parties and p. 556. Women delegates to nat'l. convs., 319, 438-9; work of Miss Anthony and others, 439 et seq.; no hope for disfranch. class, 444; sentiment among delegates, 444-5. For work in State political convs., _see_ various State chapters.

CONVENTIONS, State Constitutional, attempts to secure wom. suff. amdts., 432-3; 453; in Ala., 468; N. D., 544; S. D., 552; Del., 563; Ky., 669; La., 680; Mass., 720; Miss., 786; Mont., 797; N. H., 815; N. J., 830; N. M., 835; N. Y., 203, 847; Utah, 944; Vt., 958; Wash., 969; Wy., 995.

COUNCILS OF WOMEN, National and International, first Int'l., 124 et seq.; permanent Councils formed, 137, 143; Nat'l. in '91, 175; Miss Shaw's report of London Int'l., 352; Miss Anthony's report of same, suff. pervaded all, Amer. wom. showed effects of liberty, 353; Nat'l. Council, trib. to Miss Anthony on 80th birthday, 396; Int'l., same, 397; Nat'l. Council, founding and work, 1044-5; Int'l., same, 1044-5.

CREEDS. _See_ Church.

CRIMINALS, at ballot box, xxvi, 37.

CUBA, Nat'l. Ass'n. demands rights for its women, 325, 330; appeals to Congress for same, 446.

CURTESY. _See Laws_ in each State chapter.

DEBATES, in Congress, on Wom. Suff. Com., 31 et seq.; those of former years, 85; first and only debate on 16th Amend, to enfranchise women, 87 et seq.; on admission of Wy., 998 et seq. --in National Suffrage Conventions, on dogmas and creeds, 59 et seq.; on taking wom. suff. into church, 75; on migratory convs., 218; on Woman's Bible, 263.

DECISIONS. _See_ Supreme Court.

DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE, applied to women, 102.

DELEGATES, 15; nat'l. conv. made delegate body, 77; foreign to Int'l. Council, 135; dels. to 40th anniv., 288; to conv. of 1900, 350; to Paris Expos., 367; to polit. convs., 319, 438-9; in Col., 521; in Kas., 646; in Mont., 801; _see_ also Utah Chap.; to nat'l. suff. convs. from '84 to 1900, 1101. --Fraternal, to conv. of '96, 256; to Wom. Press Ass'n., 291; to Int'l. Council of '99, 342; to suff. conv. of '99, 323; to suff. conv. of 1900, 366.

DEMOCRACY, disbelief in, xxvi, 179, 277; wom. suff. asked in name of, 372; U. S. not a, 374.

DEMOCRATS, enfranch. workingmen, xvii; 143; in Calif., 488-9; in Col., 516; in S. Dak., 555; in Ida., 590-2; in Ills., 605-6; in Ind., 617; in Kas., 647, 650-3; in Mass., 724; in Mich., 755; in N. Y., 847-9, 872; in Utah, 953 et seq.; in Wash., 971; in Congress on Wy., 978. _See_ Conventions.

DENTISTRY, women in, 464; 700.

DISFRANCHISEMENT, degradation of, Miss Anthony on, 27; 44; 73; 83; 107; Mrs. Stanton on, 133; 151; 172; great sp. of Mrs. Stanton on, 176; 195; 196; Mrs. Merrick on, 243; 255; men wd. not endure, 373; same, 375. --disadvantages of, 41; 42; 45; 46; 73; 79; 138-9; 190; 195; 196; to women wage-earners, 312; same, 377; 359; 365; 373; 379.

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, gift and trib. to Miss Anthony on 80th birthday, 399. _See_ chapter on D. C.

DIVORCE, 68; 100; 103; national law, women should have voice in, 165; evolution of, 297; in Wyoming, 362; in Wy., S. D. and Ok., 460.

DOMESTIC, household demands on women, 209; too much housekeeping, 210; future domestic service, 210; effect of domestic life on women, 258; home life of woman suffragists, 279; what home means, 285; woman's position in the home, 292; husbands do not support wives, 171, 208, 311; home vs. factory work, 311; college women and home, 358; need of trained work, 358. _See_ also _Domestic_ under Suffrage.

DONORS, to Hist. of Wom. Suff., v, vii; to Int'l. Council of Wom., 126; Mrs. Southworth, 257; Miss Anthony, 287; in Conn., 536; in Ga., 582; Mrs. Avery, 642; in N. Y., 849. --women, for education, 356; in Calif., 507; in La., 688; in Md., 700.

DOWER. _See Laws_ in each State chapter.

DRESS, descrip. of delegates', 56; of Miss Anthony at conv. of '90, 173; on 80th birthday, 403-4.

EDUCATION, higher education of women, résumé of, 463, and in each State chapter under head of _Education_, beginning 465. --majority would never consent to, xxii; statistics of, xxx; same, 18; 5,000 teachers in Ind. ask for ballot, 37; educated women will not stand subjection, 44; educated women deprived of ballot, 74; intellectual capacity of women, 90; 101; more than some Senators, 113; woman senior wrangler at Cambridge, 176; a century ago, 192; training of girl of future, 209; easily obtained, 292, 316; Mrs. Sewall on Govt. no right to educate women and refuse them representation, 307; its effects shown in Amer. women at Int'l. Council in London, 353; woman's from beginning of century, obstacles, direful predictions, 354-6; health of women graduates, 355; women on Faculties, 355; donations of women to, 356, 507; must lead to suff., 356; effect on domestic life, 357; Catholic, 464; same, 575; in Gr. Brit., 1024. _See_ also Donors, Illiteracy, Public Schools, Universities.

ELECTORATE, character of, xxiii; elements needed, xxvi; what composed of, 23, 37, 39, 68, 81, 138, 148, 195, 258, 269, 316, 324, 371, 415; in Col., 514; in S. D., 556; in Wash., 1098.

ENROLLMENT, Nat'l., for wom. suff., 137; 878. _See_ Petitions.

EQUAL RIGHTS, Association for, 14; demand for by Int'l. Council, 136; they belong to women, no thanks to men, 146; crime of denying to women, Mr. Foulke on, 167. _See_ Progress of.

EUROPE, wom. suff. in countries of. _See_ chapter on, 1038.

FEDERAL SUFFRAGE, argument for, 6 et seq.; Miss Anthony on, 10; 78; Sen. Blair on, 145; 201; 218; 234.

FEDERATION OF WOMEN'S CLUBS, legis. work, 452. _See_ closing paragraph in various State chapters, beginning 465, and also page 1050.

FLAGS, at conv. of '94, 221; Col. presents one to Miss Anthony, 222-3; at conv. of '95, 236; flag not desecrated by four stars, 278; golden flag presented to Miss A., 400.

FOREIGNERS. _See_ Immigrants.

FOREIGN COUNTRIES, wom. suff. in. _See_ Chap. LXXIV.

FRANCE, wom. suff. in, 343, 1040; eminent advocates, 1084.

GEORGIA, curiosities in, 228; nat'l. suff. conv. in Atlanta, 236; illiterate vote, 246. _See_ State chapter.

GODDESS OF LIBERTY, in N. Y. harbor, 47; same, 115; Miss Anthony's features, 120; Wy. represents, 201; on nat'l. Capitol, a mockery, 375.

GOVERNORS OF STATES, position on wom. suff., 212; list favoring wom. suff., 1078; of Wy. testify for wom. suff., 1087 et seq.

GRAND ARMY OF THE REPUBLIC, favors wom. suff., 184; 644; 893.

GRANGES, favor wom. suff., 184; always recognized equality of woman, 228; position of woman in, 327; nat'l. adopts wom. suff. res. in 1900, 447-8. _See_ various State chapters.

GREAT BRITAIN, Chap. LXXIII; efforts for Parliamentary Franchise, 1012, 1020; Primrose League and Liberal Federation, 1013; better laws, 1021; local gov't., 1022; office holding, 1023; education, 1024; colonial progress, 1025 et seq.; petits. for suff., 1015, 1017, 1020. -- gives local franchise to women, xiv; more liberal than U. S. on socialistic questions, 167; enfranch. workingmen, 305; same, 311; progress of wom. suff., 353; Mrs. Blatch on women on boards and wom. suff. in, 368; remonstrants in, 369; eminent advocates of wom. suff. in, 1083.

GUARDIANSHIP, equal of children. _See_ Laws.

HAWAII, Nat'l. Suff. Ass'n. demands rights for its women, 325; injustice to them, 330; resolution against "male" in its constitn., 343; petitions Congress in behalf of its women, 346; outrageous constitn. adopted by Congress, 346; Hawaiian members object, 347; Miss Anthony's work for its women, 365; appeals to Congress for rights of its women, 446.

HEAD OF FAMILY. _See_ Laws and pp. 458; 945; in Va., 966.

HEARINGS before Congressional Committees in '84, 36, 42; in '86, 78; in '88, before Senate com., 137 et seq.; in '89, same, 156; before House, 157; in '90, before Senate, 158, 162; before House, 163; in '92, before Senate, Mrs. Stanton on Solitude of Self, 189; before House, 194; in '94, before Senate and House, 235; in '96, before Senate and House, 267; in '98, before Senate, 305; before House, 318; in 1900, before Senate, 367, Miss Anthony's plea at 80, 373; before House, 373; first appearance of "antis," 381-4.

HISTORY OF WOMAN SUFFRAGE, how it was written and published. _See_ Preface.

IDAHO, adopts wom. suff. amend., xxi; welcomed by nat'l. conv., 272; story of amend, camp'n., 283-4; gift to Miss Anthony, 390. _See_ State chapter, also Statistics and Testimony.

ILLINOIS, great petits. for wom. suff., 39; laws for women, 276. _See_ State chapter.

ILLITERACY, percentage of, smaller among women than men, xxii, 216; in Ga., 246; shut it out from electorate, 316-17; not the ignorant alone opp. wom. suff., 338, 493; decides fate of women, 371; in S. D., 556.

IMMIGRANTS, English view of, 23; their enfranchisement, 37; same, 39; polit. danger of, 68-9; German view, 73; in Neb., 81; 82; welcome to, 116; enfranchised, Mrs. Stanton on, 138; political rule of, American women in majority, 148; placed over women, 195; preferred to Amer. women, Mrs. Stanton's picture of, 269; should be welcomed but not enfranch., 316, 317; in Mich., 324; compared to Amer. women, 415; 418.

INDIA, effect on its women of English laws, 330.

INDIANS, preferred to women voters in S. D., 182, 557; Gov't. favors over women, 213; vs. American women, 313; effect on women of "land in severalty," 330; Gov't. grants privileges denied to white women, 374; authority of their women, 1041.

INDIFFERENCE OF WOMEN, xxii; same, xxiv; reasons for, xxv; same, xxix; causes of, 20; men will decide the question, 39; no means of knowing, 46; all women should not be punished for, 84; fear to speak, 92; pity for, 121; women put everything before suff., 149, 150; is result of disfranchis., 160; does not affect the right of suff., 168; Miss Blackwell on, 198; women too much flattered, 208; dangers of, 259; always existed, 275; women do not think, 285; Miss Blackwell gives examples, 320; parable of good Samaritan, 360; natural conservatism, 372; timidity and ignorance, 415; selfishness, 420; those who have all the rights they want, 461; same in Col., 517.

INDIRECT INFLUENCE, needs responsibility, 55; 96-7; suff. would destroy, 107; 168; 517.

INDIVIDUALITY of woman, suff. a guarantee of, 82; should not be allowed to wives, 100; Mrs. Stanton on right to, 189; Rev. Anna Howard Shaw on, 230, 361; Mrs. Spencer on, 328; new civilization will recognize, 336; 418.

IOWA, reasons for refusing suff. amd't., xxi; nat'l. conv. in Des Moines, 270; noted speakers before Legis., 279. _See_ State chapter.

IRELAND, wom. suff. in, 343; wom. on school and poor law bds., 368. _See_ chapter on Great Britain.

ISLE OF MAN, wom. suff. in, 1025.

JOURNALISM, xxv; wom. in, 154; early women writers, 295; women in at Paris expos., 343; first, 695.

JURIES, women should serve on, 38; 45; 51; in Wy., 68; men's obligations, 94; Senators discuss, 104, 106; need of women on, 182; women and jury duty in Ida., 596; in Utah, 955, 1089; in Wash., 422, 968, 1008, 1091; in Wy., 1008.

KANSAS, grants Municipal Suff. to women, xv; xxi; xxix; treatment of women, 199; suff. work of Nat'l. Ass'n. in, 220; descript. of nat'l. delegates, 221-2; first constit'n. recognizes rights of women, 407; Amer. Ass'n. meets in Topeka, 417; early work in, 418, 419; Mrs. Howe's plea for suff. in, 419. _See_ State chapter and Statistics.

LABOR, disabilities of women, 41; relation of wom. suff. to, 70; same, 79; suff. has no influence on price of, 98; wage-earning women should marry, 98; need of ballot for working women, 115; same, 122; Knights of Labor indorse wom. suff., 123; dignifies woman, 162; immoral women come from domestic life, 162; husband does not "support" wife, 171, 208, 311; man's material achievements, 171; not woman's curse, 171; degradation of woman's labor, 177; organizations favor wom. suff., 184; indust. emancip. of women, by Carroll D. Wright, have not taken men's work, new economic factor, leads to suff., 213; suff. demanded for working women, 216; women stenographers, 228; women wage-earners in Fla., 240; Florence Kelley on labor unions and working woman's need of ballot, 311; disfranch. women an injury to labor unions, 312; Fed. of Labor greets Nat'l. Suff. Ass'n., let. from Pres. Gompers, equal pay for wom., 334; ass'n. returns thanks, 344; entrance of women into unions and effect on suff., 349; appeal of Nat'l. Fed. for wom. suff. in '99, 359; Miss Laughlin on statistics of wage-earning women, need of ballot, 360; ancient opp. to, 361; working woman's great disadvantage, 377; wages of men and wom., 379; 425; Nat'l. Fed. petit. for wom. suff. in 1900 after appeal from Miss Anthony. Nat'l. Bldg. and Trades Council, same, Int'l. Bricklayers' and Masons', same, 446; organizations for wom. suff., 448; K. of L. declare for, 568. _See_ Statistics.

LABOR ORGANIZATIONS, for wom. suff. _See_ above, also in Col., 514-16; in S. D., 556; in Ills., 602-4; 652; in Mass., 711-14-33; in Minn., 782; in N. J., 821; in N. Y., 850; in Ore., 893; in R. I., 917; in Wash., 974.

LAW, first woman admitted to practice before U. S. Sup. Ct., 33; second, 57; contest of Mrs. Bradwell in Ills. and U. S. Sup. Ct., 152; contest in Cal., 507; in Ind., 626; in Md., 700; in Mich. to be pros. atty., 770; in N. J., 833; in Penn., 904; Woman's Coll. of, 574; first woman to apply to practice, 609; first coll. to graduate a woman, 610. _See_ also State chapters under _Occupations_. --women in, send trib. to Miss Anthony on 80th birthday, 398. --Common, 33; 49; 159; résumé of and changes made, 454-8; 464; in N. Y., 865. --Constitutional, bar to wom. suff., xiv, xv; 371.

LAWS FOR WOMEN, résumé of, 453-8. --Property, for women, secured by a few, xxiii; in Ky., 15; wife is moneyless, 40; inevitably one-sided, 198; nine-tenths relate to property, 200; uncertain for women, 255; in Ills., 276; women could secure good laws with suffrage, 424; present status, far from just to women, 456-8; Dower and Curtesy, 457; Guardianship of Children, and liability of "head of family" for support, 458; Divorce, and the various causes for, 459; Age of Protection, 460. _See_ each State chapter under head of _Legislative Action and Laws_. For Great Britain, 1021.

LEGACIES, Mrs. Eddy's to Miss Anthony, v; to Nat'l. Ass'n., 207; 259; 275; 286; 289; 366; 900; 909.

LEGISLATURES, action on bills and resolutions for full and limited suffrage and other measures, under head of _Legislative Action_, in each State chapter, beginning 465; power to grant limited suff., xv; have granted much to women, 43; Congress should submit wom. suff. amdt. to, 43, 64, 113; work of women members in Col., 525-6; work of women members in Utah, 953 et seq.

LETTERS, telegrams, greetings, etc., to American suff. convs., _see_ Chap. XXII; to natn'l. suff. conv. of '84, 15 et seq., from noted English, 21-2, Bishop Simpson, 24; of '85, 61; of '86, 75; of '87, from Mrs. Stanton, 113, U. S. Treas. Spinner et al., 123; of '89, from Mrs. Stanton, 145; of '91, 179; of '93, last from Lucy Stone, 213, from Bishop Hurst, 220; of '94, from Gov. Waite, Mrs. Sewall, 232; of '96, 254; of '97, from Miss Reed, 285; of '98, from Abigail Bush, Lucinda H. Stone and others, 300-1; of '99, from Samuel Gompers, 334, Mrs. Stanton, 337, 342-3; of 1900, 359, 366. --to Int'l. Council of '88, 135. --to Miss Anthony on 70th birthday, 164; on 80th, 403. --to various Conventions, 447. --to Governors of States and Territories, 212. --to members of Congress, 35, 217, 218, 247, 287, 346. --to political delegates and conventions, 440 et seq. --to State constitutional conventions, 433.

LIFE AND WORK OF SUSAN B. ANTHONY, iv; 2.

LIQUOR DEALERS, control in politics, xix; attitude toward wom. suff., xix; influence in Iowa, xxi; in Neb., 80; allied with women remonstrants, 327; opposed to wom. suff., 373; at Nat'l. Brewers' Convention, 447; in Calif., 273, 486, 491-3, 499, 500; in Idaho, 284; in Ariz., 472; in Col., 512, 517; in S. D., 556; in Kas., 650, 660; in Ok., 888.

LONGEVITY and vitality of women, 29.

LOUISIANA, Miss Anthony on women taxpayers' suff., 360. _See_ State chapter.

MAGAZINES. _See_ Newspapers.

MAJORITY, opposed to any reform, xxii; same, xxiii; same, xxvi; must ask for wom. suff. no argument, xxxi; xxxii; never asked for anything, 38; Miss Anthony on, 42; wom. suff. should not wait for, 84; must demand wom. suff., 92; never granted anything, 275; oppose every advance, Mrs. Catt on, 369-71.

MARRIAGE, suff. has no relation to, 90; Sen. Brown's idea of, 94 et seq.; in wom. suff. States, 103; Sen. Vest on, 106 et seq.; position of woman in, regulations made by men, obstacles to happiness, Mrs. Colby on, 151; meaning of, narrowness of wives a detriment to men, Mrs. Stanton on, 161; interdependence of husband and wife, Mrs. Wallace on, 171; Mr. Hinckley on, 180; each supports the other, 171, 208, 311; of Mr. Blackwell and Lucy Stone, 226; wife need not give up name, 226; individuality of wife, Miss Shaw on, 230; what wives want, 245. _See_ Domestic.

MASSACHUSETTS, sentiment for wom. suff. in, 36; Lucy Stone on treatment of women by its Legis., 192; early education of women, 192; women taxpayers, 240. _See_ State chapter.

MATRIARCHATE, Mrs. Spencer on evolution of family life, 328 et seq.; 1041.

MEDICINE, early struggles of women to study, 296; letter from Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell, 301; efforts of wom. in, 275, 355; statistics of women physicians, 275, 355, 370; first woman to graduate, 355; 463; 574; first to practice, 748; only woman dean of mixed college, 610; Johns Hopkins Medical, 700; medical societies in N. J., 833; first woman's med. coll., 904; tribute of women in, on Miss Anthony's 80th birthday, 394. _See_ also State chapters under _Occupations_, and for physicians in institutions under _Office Holding_.

MICHIGAN, Munic. Suff. Bill vetoed, xv; vote on suff. amend., 35; Nat'l. Ass'n. meets, 322. See State chapter.

MILITARY, argument against wom. suff., nearly obsolete, xxxi; Sen. Palmer on, 64; military questions must give way to economic, 69; ability to bear arms not a voting test, 82; Sen. Blair on military service no connection with suff., 87; same on women can fight, 90; Sen. Brown on women and military service, 94, 96, 100; woman's record, 101, 113; nation's debt to her, 115; brute force passing away, 121; woman's part in war, 161-2, 195; fighting qualities necessary in women, 183; women first to see advantage of peace, 208; Miss Clay on the military argument before Senate Com., 309; Miss Shaw on, 337; how women would have managed Span. Am. War, 339.

MINISTERS, early women, 59, 260; Rev. Anna Howard Shaw on women ministers, 206; tribute from, on Miss Anthony's 80th birthday, 397; 464; ministers in favor of wom. suff., 1079. _See_ Sermons.

MINNESOTA, difficulty of carrying wom. suff. amend., xvi; Amer. Suff. Ass'n. meets in Minneapolis, 411. _See_ State chapter.

MOTHERHOOD, xxxi; needed in politics, 40; not a limitation, 58; Mrs. Stanton on ancient idea of, 60; Sen. Blair on maternity and suff., 91; Sen. Brown on, 94 et seq.; Sen. Dolph on, 103; Sen. Eustis on, 104; Sen. Vest on, 106; Miss Willard asks suff. for mothers, 142; mothers should be honored equally with fathers, 194; mothers should be exempt from wage-earning, 211; child dearer than all else, 226; Mrs. Stetson on, 266; not broad enough, 277; Mrs. Spencer on motherhood among primitive peoples, 328-333; suff. and, 283, 303-4, 357; fits women for suff., 309; all wom. not fitted for, 362; Congress of Mothers, 1051. _See_ also Testimony from Wom. Suff. States, beginning 1085, and State chapters for Colorado, Idaho, Utah and Wyoming.

MUNICIPAL SUFFRAGE, in Kas., xv; bill vetoed in Mich., xv; 123; effect in Kas., 199; Australia first country to grant, 224; cities need woman's vote, 278, 420, 422; in Ireland, 343; how gained in Kas., 649 et seq.; in Kas., 652, 664; in Great Brit., 1012, 1022; in New Zealand, 1025; in Australia, 1027 et seq.; in Canada, 1035 et seq.; in other countries, 1038 et seq.

NATIONAL SUFFRAGE ASSOCIATION, membership and finance, xxx; contests for right to vote under 14th amend., 4; abandons attempt, 6; same for Federal suff., 10; begins efforts for 16th amend., 11; work in the States, 11; work before Congress, 11; effect on the franchise, 13; founded in '69, 14; conventions held, 14; work in Washington, 15; finances in '84, 27; conv. of '88, 137; finances in '89, 154; union with American Ass'n., 164; Miss Anthony declares for free platform, 169; finances in '92, 185; last app. of Mrs. Stanton and Lucy Stone, 186; at Columb. Expos., 217; freedom of platform, 224; mem. serv. for Lucy Stone, 225; finances in '95, org. com. established, 250; finances in '96, 256; headqrs. established, 257; welcomes Utah, 260; breadth of platf., 264; finances of '97, Miss Anthony's contrib., 287; reports on course of study and finance, 289; demands equal rights for women in every depart., 291; finances in '99, 342; Washt'n _Post_ compliments, 349; advantage of meeting in capital, 351; finances in 1900, 364; holds Bazar, 365; rec'd by Pres. McKinley in 1900, Mrs. McKinley sends flowers, 384; Miss Anthony resigns presidency, action of conv., her speeches, etc., 385 et seq.; her farewell, 393; Mrs. Chapman Catt elected pres., 387; introd. by Miss Anthony, sp. of accept., 388; notices of new pres., 389; love for Miss Shaw, 389; celebrates Miss Anthony's 80th birthday, 349 et seq.; appeals to political convs. and delegates in 1900, 440-3; nat'l and State work, 450; work for rights of women in our new possessions, Chap. XIX; synopsis of constitn., officers, committees, life members and delegates, 1098 et seq. For general work, _see_ Chaps. II-XXII.

NEBRASKA, difficulty of carrying amend., xvi; suff. amend, campn., 80. _See_ State chapter.

NEED, of man and woman in law and politics, 179; in the home, everywhere, 180; of each for other, 266; same, 284; of both in Gov't, 310.

NEGROES, how enfranch., xvii; why disfranch., xviii; placed above women, 2; right to suff., 6; nat'l. amend. necessary, 42; women should not have suff., 105-6; 311; deprived of suff. in South, compared to white women, 325; women in smoking cars, 343; if denied suff. should not be counted in basis of represent., 376; trib. of wom. to Miss Anthony on 80th birthday, 398; her sympathy for, 403; Nat'l. Ass'n. of Colored Women, 1051.

NEW JERSEY, failure of Sch. Suff. amend., xvi; first State to grant wom. suff., 19; account of same, 830. _See_ State chapter.

NEW SOUTH WALES, chapter on, 1029.

NEWSPAPERS AND MAGAZINES.[502] _Advertiser_ (New Decatur, Ala.), 465. _Arena, The_, 6, 927-8. _Argonaut_ (San Francisco), 491. _Australian Register_, 1028. _Australian Woman's Sphere_ (Melbourne), 1031. _Boomerang_ (Laramie, Wyo.), 1006. _Bricklayer and Mason_, 446. _Bulletin_ (San Francisco), 491. _Call_ (San Francisco), 482, 487, 491, 505. _Chicago Law Times_, 609. _Christian Advocate_, 207. _Colorado Springs Gazette_, 525. _Commercial Gazette_ (Cin'ti), 428. _Congressional Record_, 110. _Constitution_ (Atlanta), 244, 246. _Daily Statesman_ (Boise, Ida.), 319, 591. _Daily Times_ (Seattle), 974. _Democrat_ (Grand Rapids), 339. _Democratic State Journal_ (Wash.), 1096. _Englishwoman's Review_, 22, 319, 1012. _Enquirer_ (Cin'ti), 428. _Evening News_ (Washtn.), 202. _Evening Post_ (New York), 1096. _Examiner_ (San Francisco), 491. _Express_ (Los Angeles), 495. _Fortnightly Review_, 1014-5. _Freemen's Labor Journal_ (Spokane), 974. _Harper's Bazar_, 716. _Harper's Magazine_, 203. _Herald_ (Boston), 732. _Leader_ (Des Moines), 271, 273. _Legal News, The_ (Chicago), 212, 609. _Lily_ (Amelia Bloomer, ed.), 250, 295. _Liquor Dealer_ (Los Angeles), 499. Massachusetts papers, 711. _Mirror_ (Seattle), 1096. _Nevada Citizen_, 811. _New Northwest_, 975. _Nineteenth Century_ (Eng.), 1014. _Oregonian_ (Portland), 896. _Picayune_ (New Orleans), 680, 683. _Post_ (San Francisco), 491. _Post_ (Washtn.), 188, 201, 221, 236, 349, 361, 385, 387, 390-1, 393, 395, 400. _Post-Intelligencer_ (Seattle), 1096. _Public Ledger_ (Phila.), 227. _Record_ (San Francisco), 491. _Record-Union_ (Sacramento), 491. _Remonstrance_ (Boston), 512. _Report_ (San Francisco), 491. Rhode Island papers, 910-11. _Saturday Review_ (Atlanta), 582. _Star_ (Richmond, Va.), 964. _Star_ (San Francisco), 491. _Star_ (Washtn.), 173, 189, 318, 388. _Suffrage Reveille_ (Kas.), 647. _Suffragist_ (Ills.), 612. _Sun_ (Baltimore), 698. _Sun_ (New York), 326, 459. _Sunday World_ (Los Angeles), 499. _Sunny South_ (Atlanta), 238. _Times_ (Leavenworth, Kas.), 645. _Times_ (London, Eng.), 1019. _Times_ (Los Angeles), 491, 499. _Times_ (New York), 364. _Town Talk_ (Los Angeles), 499. _Transcript_ (Olympia), 1096. _Tribune_ (Chicago), 93, 1009. _Una_ (Paulina Wright Davis, ed.), 294. _Wisconsin Citizen_, 342, 987. _Woman's Chronicle_ (Ark), 475-6. _Woman's Column_ (Boston), 431, 465, 708. _Woman's Exponent_ (Utah), 936 et al. _Woman's Forum_ (Ills.), 613. _Woman's Journal_ (Boston), 221, 236, 256, 342, 350, 381-2, 392, 406, 417, 423, 426, 430, 701, 726, 734, 736, 1096. _Woman's Standard_ (Ia.), 342, 629. _Woman's Tribune_ (Washtn.), 76, 126, 164, 296, 342, 306, 575, 970. _Women's Suffrage Journal_ (Eng.), 22, 1015. _Young Woman's Journal_, 956. _See_ Press.

NEW YORK, attempt to confer Sch. Suff. on women, xv; women demand represent. at Centennial, 156; women taxpayers, 240, 247, 313, 314; report of Const'l. Conv. of '94, 247; opinion of Atty. Gen. and other lawyers on Sch. Suff. and Office-Holding for women, 1094. _See_ State chapter.

NEW ZEALAND, chapter on, 1029; eminent advocates of wom. suff., 1084.

OCCUPATIONS, résumé of women in, 463; entrance of women, xxii, xxiii, xxv; statistics, xxx; advantage of ballot, 67; progress of women in, 133; women first in, 208; Mr. Bok on women in business, 229; danger of disfranch. women in, 312; statistics of wages, 379; business women send trib. to Miss Anthony on 80th birthday, 398. _See_ State chapters under head of _Occupations_, beginning p. 465; also Labor and various professions, Law, etc.

OFFICE-HOLDING by women, résumé of, 462, and in each State chapter under head of _Office-Holding_, beginning 465; Sen. Vest on, 108; Sen. Hoar on, 109; in Wy., 117; women first employed in Gov't dept., 123; in Nat'l. Gov't. depts. at present, 572; in Gr. Brit, 1023; in Canada, _see_ chapter on, 1034.

OFFICERS, of Amer. Suff. Ass'n. in '84, 408; from '84 to 1900, 428; of Nat'l. Suff. Ass'n. in '84, 27; from 1869 to 1900, 387; of Nat'l.-Amer. Ass'n. in '90, 174; in '92, 186; in '94, 233; in 1900, 1099. --of first Nat'l. Council of Women, 137. --of State Suff. Assns., listed in each State chapter, beginning p. 465.

OPPONENTS of wom. suff., _see_ Church, Congress, Debates, Electorate, Indifference of Women, Liquor Dealers, Remonstrants, Reports, etc. _See_ also for arguments of, p. 93 et seq. and p. 999 et seq.

OREGON, xxi; xxix; three classes of opponents, 249; Amer. Suff. Ass'n. aids, 408. _See_ State chapter.

ORGANIZATION for wom. suff., plan of, 26; inadequacy of, 248; nat'l. com. established, 250; Mrs. Catt's work, 254; her report, 256; work of Utah women, 262; necessity of, 273; report of '97, obstacles to, 289; report of '99, 365; in various States, 451. _See_ also State chapters, beginning p. 465.

ORGANIZATIONS OF WOMEN, NATIONAL, Chap. LXXV. --Ass'n for Adv'mt of Wom., 1050. --Coll. Alum., Ass'n of, 1048. --Colonial Dames of Amer., 1066. --Col'd Wom., Nat'l Ass'n of, 1051. --Council of Women, Int'l, 1044. --Council of Women, Nat'l, 1044-5. --Daughters of Amer. Rev., 1065. --Daughters of the Rev., 1066. --Daught. of Vets., Nat'l All., 1064. --Daught. of Confed., United, 1067. --Daught. of 1812, Nat. Soc, 1067. --Daughters of Rebekah, 1069. --Eastern Star, Order of, 1068. --Fed. of Clubs, General, 1050. --G. A. R., Ladies of, 1064. --Household Econ., Nat'l As., 1056. --Indian Ass'n. Wom. Nat'l., 1053. --Jewish Wom., Nat. Coun. of, 1053. --Keeley Rescue League, 1056. --Kindergarten Union, Nat'l., 1055. --Loc. Eng'rs, Ladies' Aux., 1069. --Maccabees of World, Sup. Hive, Ladies of, 1067. --Missionary Societies, 1057-1062. --Mothers, Nat'l. Cong. of, 1051. --Mt. Vernon Ladies' Ass'n., 1065. --Music. Clubs, Nat'l. Fed. of, 1056. --Needlework Guild of Am., 1057. --Prison Ass'n., Woman's, 1055. --Railroad Cond., Ladies' Aux., 1069. --Rathbone Sisters of World, Sup. Temple, 1068. --Red Cross Soc., Am. Nat'l., 1048. --Relief Corps, Woman's, 1064. --Relief Soc., Nat'l. Wom., 1052. --Sabbath Alliance, Wom., 1063. --Social Purity, Christian League for, 1054. --Sunshine Soc., Internat'l., 1052. --Wom. Chr. Temp. Union, 1045. --Women Workers, Nat'l., 1054. --Young Ladies' Mutual Improvement Ass'n., 1055. --Y'ng Wom. Chr. Ass'n., 1063. --Miscellaneous, 1069. --of Men and Women, 1070. --in Great Britain, Liberal Federation, Primrose League and Nat'l. Suff. Society, 1013-14. --general comment on, majority would not have consented to, xxii; great power of, xxv; value of anti-suff., xxix; working toward suff., xxx; suff. organizations, rank first, 188; vast increase, 396; first on record and evolution of, 1042-3; first temperance organ'zs., 1042; during Civil War, 1043; dignity of convs., 1044; great scope of objects but few for suff., 1070-1; all leading to it, 1071; value in develop, of women, 1072; number enrolled, 1072; future power, 1073; Gov't. must have their help, 1073.

PARTIES, _see_ alphabetical list and also Conventions. So-called Third, xviii; their general attitude, 143; 425; 438-9; 441; 479; 492; 522-3-4; 554-6; 591; 600; 617; 647; 755-6; 760; 809; 963; 971-2; 974.

PEACE, Conf. at Hague, Nat'l. Suff. Ass'n. expresses sympathy, 336; res. for Peace services, 337; 344. _See_ War.

PERSECUTION, of early workers, xxviii; not ended, xxxii; of sex causes moral chaos, 42; fate of reformers, 132.

PETITION, woman's right to, 32; have exercised it many years, 33; Congress must not deny, 93.

PETITIONS, for wom. suff., great number, 33; for many years, 36; in Ills., 39; in O., 46; 110; national enrollment, 137; million signatures, 184; size of, 268; Fed. of Labor for wom. suff., 334; in Wy., 448; in N. Y., 850. _See_ Chap. XXIII and State chapters under _Legislative Action_. In Great Brit., 1015, 1017, 1020; in N. Z., 1026; in Victoria, 1032. --against wom. suff., 107; in Ills., 602; in Mass., 723, 736 et al.; in N. Y., 850; in R. I., 911.

PHILIPPINES, Nat'l. Suff. Ass'n. demands rights for their women, 325; Mrs. Spencer on our duty to the women of our new possessions, 328 et seq.; discussion, 331 et seq.; no hope for their women, 347; testimony in favor before Senate Com., 348. _See_ Chap. XIX for full statement.

PHARMACY, in Ky., 676.

PHYSICAL ABILITY, woman lacks, 99, 100, 108. _See_ Military.

PIONEERS, first work for wom. suff., xiii; early conditions of women, 1; at Int'l. Council, 136; in the West, 148; struggles of, 154; work of, 188; appeal for their children, 195; tributes to by Miss Anthony and Fred. Douglass, 204; trib. of Douglass to, 227; in Utah, 261; gratitude to, 290; young women should continue their work, 292; mem. services for, 293; at conv. of '98, 298-9; of '99, 336.

PLAN OF WORK, adopted by nat'l. suff. conv. of '84, 26, 62; by conv. of '87, 122; suggestions for suff. clubs, 248; of Amer. Suff. Ass'n. in '84, 410.

POLICE MATRONS, _see_ _Office-Holding_ in State chapters, beginning p. 465.

POLITICS, effect of women in, xix; crowding in, xxx; too hard for women, 94; in '88, 150; wom. suff. in polit. meetings, 257; should advocates suff. take part in? 280 et seq.; in Utah, 319; in N. Y., 872; anti-suffragists in, _see_ Remonstrants.

POLITICIANS, object to wom. suff., xix; xx; xxi; women as, 99. For Politics and Politicians, _see_ chapters for States where women vote and in which wom. suff. campaigns have been held; also Parties, Conventions, Republicans, etc.

POPULISTS, 444; in Calif., 488, 491-3; in Col., xviii, 511, '13, '16, '18, '20, '23; in Ida., 590, '92, '94; in Kas., 642-7, 652-5, 657; in Mont., 800; in Wash., 971-2. _See_ Conventions and Parties.

PORTO RICO, Nat'l. Ass'n. demands rights for women in, 325; appeals to Cong. for same, in 1900, 446.

POSTMASTERS, women, 462.

PRAYERS, Mrs. McLaren on, 22; Mrs. Gougar on, 37; Mrs. Crooker on, 43; Miss Shaw on, 134. _See_ Church.

PRESIDENTS, of Nat'l. Suff. Ass'n., Mrs. Stanton, in '84, 15; of united assn's. in '90, 174; resigns and made hon. pres., 186; Lucy Stone made hon. pres., 186; Miss Anthony elected pres. in '92, 186; resigns in 1900, 385; Mrs. Chapman Catt elected, 387; Miss A. made hon. pres., 389. --and Vice-Presidents of U. S. favoring wom. suff., 1075. --of Universities and Colleges, same, 1079.

PRESIDENTIAL SUFFRAGE, form of petition, 286; bill in Kas., 655.

PRESS, present attitude, xxviii; on dress of delegates, 56; change in tone, 57; Miss Anthony against starting paper, 216; report of nat'l. press work for '96, 286; for '97, 288; for '99, 365; early comment on wom. suff., 293; wom. suff. dept. in N. Y. _Sun_, 326; need of women on press, 326; report to Amer. conv. of '87, 425; of '88, 431; press in Calif, campn., 490, 499. _See_ Newspapers.

PRINCE OF INDIA, everlasting record, 277.

PROGRESS OF EQUAL RIGHTS, reasons for, xiii; present status, xxv; hope for future, xxvi; more rapid in future, xxxiii; effect of Civil War on, 2; Congress'l. Com. report, 53; Sen. Palmer on, 63; 133; 134; 191; Miss Anthony on, 325; 207; 242; 306; in public sentiment, 349; in the South, 362; 369; social, educat'l, etc., Mrs. Catt on, 392; as shown in treatment of Miss Anthony, 394, 398; in position of advocates, 405; 412; in the laws, 455-8.

PROGRESS OF WOMAN SUFFRAGE, 169; 198; ears will be unstopped, 199; 290; appearances of advocates, 318; 326; 13 members electoral coll., 350; 405; 409; 425; 442; in England, 353, 1012.

PROFESSIONS, women in, _see_ Law, Medicine, etc., also Occupations.

PROPERTY, Lucy Stone on laws in Mass., 192; owners are one-fourth women, nine-tenths of laws made for property, 200. Résumé of laws, 453 et seq. _See_ Laws, also each State chapter under _Legislative Action and Laws_.

PUBLIC SCHOOLS, statistics of pupils, xxx; girls formerly not admitted in Mass., 193; 464; High Schools, in Del., 566; in Phila., 906; in Providence, 920. _See_ each State chapter under head of _Education_, beginning, p. 465.

QUEENSLAND, _see_ chapter on, 1032.

RADICALS, of each new age, xxxiii; 117, 271.

RECEPTIONS, 15; 18; 56; 127; 175; 183; 188; 251; 262; 265; 270; 354; 384. _See_ various State chapters beginning 465.

REFORMERS, Rev. Anna Howard Shaw on, 131 et seq.

RELIGION, _see_ Church.

REMINISCENCES OF ELIZABETH CADY STANTON, iv; 250.

REMONSTRANTS, women against suff., xxix; in politics, 16; called to account, 19; Mr. Foulke on, 168; Mrs. Howe on, 170; 171; three classes of, 249; 258; Miss Blackwell on, 320; allied with liquor dealers, 327; satire on, 361; Grace Greenwood on, 364; in England, take advantage of every gain, 369; Mrs. Catt on, 370; against education, property laws, etc., 380; before Sen. com. in 1900, 381; before House com., amusing occurrences, 382; in different stages of evolution, 392; in Col., 512; in S. D., 557; in Kansas, 650; in Mass., 704, 732-3, 736 et al.; in N. Y., 850, 858-9, 861; in Ok., 888; in Ore., 895; in Wash., 971; in Austr., 1031.

REPORTS, of Congress'l coms. on wom. suff., 12; House Judic., of '84, 47 et seq., 52 et seq.; of '86, 82 et seq.; of '90, 163; of '94, 235; Senate, of '84, 47; _see_ also 93 et seq; of '92, 201; of '96, 207; work of Miss Anthony and Mrs. Upton in securing, 366. --of nat'l. suff. conv. of '84, 15; of Intl. Council of '88, 127; on nat'l. enrollment, 137, 154, 879; of Nat'l. Council of '91, 175; of Columbian Expos. Com., 232. --State, to nat'l. suff. convs., 15; to American suff. convs., 432. --Miss Anthony's on work in conventions of 1900, 439 et seq.

REPRESENTATION, basis of, Federal Constitution on, 8; women should not be counted till enfranch., 374, 376. --Indirect, of women by men, 41; 46; 51; 64; 66; 86; 93; 168; Miss Blackwell on, 197.

REPRESENTATIVES, U. S., favoring wom. suff., 1077. _See_ State chapters under _Legislative Action_.

REPUBLICANS, enfranch. negro men, xvii; 143; in Calif., 485, 487, 491; in Col., 516, 518, 520-5; in S. D., 555; in Ida., 590-2; in Ills., 605-6; in Ind., 617; in Kas., 643-7, 649-55, 661; in Mass., 712, 724, 727; in Mich., 755; in N. Y., 848 et seq., 872; in Utah, 949, 953 et seq.; in Wash., 971; in Congress on Wy., 1004; Nat'l. League of Clubs, 713-14. _See_ Conventions.

RESOLUTIONS, at nat'l suff. conv. of '69, right of women to vote under 14th amend., 3; at conv. of '84, 25; on death of Wendell Phillips, 25; for Intl. Council, 25; on Anna Ella Carroll, 25; on creeds and dogmas., 58; memorial of '85, 61; on carrying wom. suff. into church, 75; for 16th amend. to Nat'l const'n., 85; at conv. of '87, 122; of thanks to men, ridiculed by Mrs. Stanton, 145; at conv. of '89, 154; on trial of Susan B. Anthony, 155; on disfranch. of women in Wash. Ty., 155; on represent. of wom. at N. Y. Centennial, 156; by Mrs. Stanton on the church and divorce, 165; memorial of '90, 174; at conv. of '91, 184; for Sunday opening of World's Fair, 186; to prohibit sale of liquor at same, 186; mem. of '93, to Geo. W. Curtis and others, 203 et seq.; at conv. of '93, 216; mem. of '94, 227; of '95, 250; of '96, 259; against Woman's Bible, 263; mem. of '97, 275; at conv. of '98, 290; mem. of '98, 293; of Fed. of Labor for wom. suff. in '98, 334; res. for Peace services, 337; at conv. of '99, 343; mem. of '99, 344; of Fed. of Labor in '99, 359; mem. of 1900, 366; res. on wom. suff. in Col., 383; on Miss Anthony's resignation, 386; of Amer. suff. conv. in '84, 409; mem. of Frances D. Gage and others, 409; at Amer. conv. of '85, 416; of '87, 425; for union of two suff. societies, 426; of Col. Legis., 531; of Wy. Legis., 1007. _See_ also various State chapters beginning 465.

REVOLUTION, will it be necessary for wom. suff.? 119; women will cause, 139.

RIGHT, SUFFRAGE A, proved by Nat'l. Constit'n, xxxii; guaranteed by it, 1, 3; 38; 45-6; Rep. Maybury denies, 47; Rep. Poland, 50; 52; Cong. Com. report, 54; Miss Eastman on, 72, 80; Cong. Com. report, 82; Sen. Blair on, 86, 89, 90; Sen. Dolph on, 101-2-5; Sen. Vest denies, 107; Mrs. Gage on, 118; Sen. Blair on, 145; Mr. Foulke on, 167-8; Mrs. Howe on, 170; Mrs. Wallace on, 172; Mrs. Stanton on, 189; Lucy Stone on, 191; Mrs. Catt on, 194; Miss Blackwell on, 197; Miss Reed on, 285; Mr. Garrison on, 305; Miss Anthony on, 325; Mrs. Blake on, 374-5; Chancellor Eliot on, 413; 441-2.

SCHOOL SUFFRAGE, bills vetoed in Calif., xv; experience in N. Y., xv; in Wis., xv; in N. J., xvi; in S. D., xvi; men do not exercise, 198, 541; 212; in Boston, 746; legality in N. Y., 1093; in Great Brit., 1022; in New Zeal., 1025; in Canada, 1034 et seq.; where possessed in U. S., 461. _See_ chapters for these States under _Suffrage_.

SCIENCE and wom. suff., Mrs. Gage on, 28; botanical objection, 90.

SELF-GOVERNMENT best means of self-development, Mrs. Stanton on, 40.

SENATORS, U. S., favoring wom. suff., 1076.

SERMONS, Miss Shaw on Heavenly Vision and progress of race, 128; 136; 175; 184; 185; 202; Miss Shaw on Let no man take thy crown, 229; minister in Atlanta opp. wom. suff., 237; at Atlanta conv., 246-7; 258; dean of Chichester against wom. suff., 320; at conv. of '99. 337; at conv. of 1900, Miss Shaw on Rights of Women, 361; Cardinal Gibbons against wom. suff., 366.

SOLDIERS, women as, 309-10; wom. produce, 310; efforts to enable to vote, 335; women bear the arm-bearers, 337. _See_ Military and War.

SOLITUDE OF SELF, address by Mrs. Stanton, 189.

SOUTH, position of women, 212; 216; speakers, 222; women orators of, 236; 238; its women want suff., 245; illiterate vote in Ga., 246; tour of by nat'l. spkrs., 251; 293; 360; Mrs. Young on progress in, 362; Ala. and Miss. grant property rights to women, 407; 928.

SOUTH DAKOTA, failure of Sch. Suff. amend., xvii; xxi; xxix; Nat'l. Ass'n. raises funds for campn., 174; Miss Shaw describes, 182; 183; suff. bill vetoed, 414. _See_ State chapter.

SPEAKERS, at Int'l. Council of '88, 136; at Miss Anthony's 70th birthday recep., 163; at 80th birthday recep., 394-5; at nat'l. suff. convs., _see_ respective chapters, beginning p. 14; before Congress'l. Coms., _see_ chapters for even years; at Amer. suff. convs., _see_ Chap. XXIV. _See_ State chapters for State speakers. --of House of Representatives favoring wom. suff., 1077.

STATE CHAPTERS, beginning 465.

STATE'S RIGHTS, to grant suff., 50; same, 78; 118; 144; 234.

STATISTICS, of women wage-earners, xxiii, xxx; of public schools, xxx; of foreign vote in Wis., 148; of women physicians, 275, 355; health of women graduates, 355; wages of women, 360, 379; of woman vote in Col., 525; in Ida., 595; in Kas., 660; in Mass., 746; in Ohio, 883; in Utah, 952; in Wash., 412, 967; in Wyo., 1010; in New Zeal., 1026; in S. Australia, 1028; vote on wom. suff. in Kas., 647.

SUFFRAGE, WOMAN, --Advantages of, 21, 41, 53, 55, 65, 66, 83, 159, 161, 162, 178, 181. --Advocates, character of, xxxii, 412; debt owed to, 144; are not dreamers, 421; list of, 1075; _see_ debates in Congress, 32 et seq., 85 et seq., 181 et seq.; also various chapters and p. 1075 et seq. --Bible, for and against. _See_ Bible. --Bills for. _See_ Bills. --Campaigns for. _See_ Amendment Campaigns. --Church, attitude of. _See_ Church. --Congressional Action. _See_ Congress. --Constitutional Phases of. _See_ Constitutions. --Conventions for. _See_ Conventions. --Debates on. _See_ Congress. --Decisions. _See_ Supreme Court Decisions. --Democracy of. _See_ Democracy. --Domestic, argument against wom. suff. losing force, xxxi; Reagan, of Texas, on this point, 31; John Quincy Adams on, 47; woman's sphere, 48; would break up home 49; proper sphere, 53; position of woman in all countries, 52, 83; fear of quarrels, 92; sphere of two sexes, 94; woman is queen, 95; would disrupt family, 99; harmony not disturbed, 103; embrace of female politician, 106-7-8, 117; woman's sphere narrowed, 190; vote of husband and wife, 198; wives of great men, 206; wom. suff. and home, effect where women vote, 315; evolution of family life, 328; college wom. and home, 357-8; no relation between suff. and housekeeping, 362; modern home happiest, 371; domestic instincts eternal, 380; effect of wom. suff. on domestic life in Colorado, 283, 356, 1087; in Idaho, 595; in Utah, 319, 1088; in Wyoming, 117, 181, 302, 1089, 1091-2. --Economics of, 308; woman as economic factor, 310; household economics, 357; basis of wom. suff., 377. --Educated, constitutional to require it, 246; argument against, 258; argument for, 292, 316; Gov't. no right to educate women and refuse representation, 307; Mrs. Stanton on, 316; education must lead to suffrage, 356. _See_ Education. --Ethics of, 20, 43, 69, 80, 81, 116; influence of woman, 117; 119; Mrs. Stanton on, 134; Mrs. Wallace on, 170-1; 254-5; evolution of wom. suff., Mrs. Spencer on, 308. --Expediency of, xxiv; 52; Sen. Vest on, 107; 167; 172; Phillips on, 381. --Federal. _See_ Federal Suffrage. --Illiterate. _See_ Illiteracy. --Indifference of Women. _See_ Indifference. --Justice of, 17, 74, 80, 82, 86, 102, 147, 162, 163, 167-8, 183; Lucy Stone on, 191; 199, 297, 305, 358, 378, 381, 413, 415; Curtis and Hoar on, 428. --Labor and. _See_ Labor. --Legislative Action on. _See_ Legislatures. --Liquor Dealers and. _See_ Liquor Dealers. --Majority of women opposed. _See_ Majority. --Military argument against. _See_ Military. --Motherhood and. _See_ Motherhood. --Ministers for and against. _See_ Ministers, Church and Sermons. --Morality through, xxvi; 18, 22, 24, 39, 43, 67, 115, 120, 136, 308. --Municipal. _See_ Municipal Suffrage. --Nature and, limitations of, 53; Mrs. Stanton on balance of forces, 58; nature opposes, 94; can not reverse laws of, 100; can be trusted, 168; same, 247; severe lessons of, 209. --Need of, 46, 69, 84, 88; Mrs. Wallace on, 119; 125, 134; to offset foreign vote, 148; 153; Senate Com. report, 156; by wives and mothers, 161; 168; 193; 244; by city and State, 306; by home, school and municipality, 379; by the Government, 429; 433. --Negroes and. _See_ Negroes. --Non-partisanship of demand, 38, 80, 81, 143, 173; debate at nat'l. conv. of '97, 280; 344; 409. --Opposition to. _See_ Introduction; of church, State, home and society, Mrs. Stanton on, 177; ignorance of, 276; great obstacles, 371. _See_ also Liquor Dealers, Remonstrants, Congressional Debates and Reports. --Organization for. _See_ Organization. --Petitions for. _See_ Petitions. --Philosophy of, Mrs. Colby on, 254. _See_ also Ethics. --Pioneers of. _See_ Pioneers. --Progress of. _See_ Progress of Wom. Suff. and Equal Rights. --Protection of, 17; Mrs. Stanton on, 41; 44-6, 51, 59, 74, 99, 107, 122, 168, 245, 378, 413; Higginson on, 424; 426; 428. --Qualifications for, Sen. Blair on, 87-91; physical, 51; 94 et seq. _See_ also Military. --Right of. _See_ Right, Suffrage a. --School. _See_ School Suffrage. --Science of, scientific aspect, by Mrs. Gage, 28. --Sermons on. _See_ Sermons. --South and. _See_ South. --State's Rights and. _See_ State's Rights. --Taxation and. _See_ Taxation and Taxpayers' Suffrage. --Temperance through, xxvi; 18; Bishop Simpson on, 24; 43; Miss Willard's plea, 141; res. against liquor selling at World's Fair, 186; 196. --in Territories. _See_ chapters on Territories. --Testimony for. _See_ Testimony. --Universal, approved, xxvii; Cong. Com. rep., 54; same, 82; Mrs. Hooker on, 115; 257; 258; 285; 369. --War and. _See_ War.

SUFFRAGE, WOMAN, miscellaneous, full résumé of, _see_ Introduction. Amount now possessed and how obtained, xxvii, 34, 461. _See_ also chapters of States and Territories under head of _Suffrage_. Why denied to woman, xiv et seq.; effect on politics, xix; obstacles to, xx et seq.; future prospects, xxvi et seq.; where taken away, xxvii, 674, 968; attempt of women to vote under 14th Amend., 3 et seq.; capacity for, 13; evolution of, 18; Mrs. Spencer on, 308; scientific view of, 28, 90; practical experience, _see_ Testimony, chapters on States where women vote, also Sen. Palmer on, 68, Sen. Dolph on, 103; dangers of, Sen. Brown on, 96 et seq., Sen. Vest on, 105 et seq., 999 et seq.; danger of withholding, Mrs. Stanton on, 119, 139, Mrs. Wallace on, 172; unequal struggle for, Mrs. Stanton on, 139, 338; men's indifference to, 187; peaceful effort for, 231, 245; industrial emancip. leads to, Carroll D. Wright on, 215; man improved by, 391; immense work of a few for, 449. _See_ Vote, and Presidential, Suffrage; also chapter on Great Britain and her Colonies and Chap. LXXIV.

SUNDAY OBSERVANCE, Mrs. Stanton on, 166; 186; 217.

SUPREME COURT DECISIONS, U. S., Dred Scott case defining citizens, 4, 78; on Virginia L. Minor's attempt to vote, 5; Slaughter House Cases, 5; Yarbrough on Federal Suff., 8; on 14th amend., 79; 144; 165; against right of women to practice law, 153; on woman's right to vote, 153; recognizing slavery, 165; Justices of, favoring wom. suff., 1076. --State, on attempt of Miss Anthony, Mrs. Virginia L. Minor and other wom. to vote, 4 et seq.; on Federal Suffrage in Kellar case (Ills), 10; on property rights of women in Calif., 502; on wom. suff. in Calif., 504; on wom. suff. amend. in Ida., 272, 593; on woman's right to vote, to practice law and to sell liquor in Ind., 621-2, 626; on Munic. Suff. in Mich., 765; on Sch. Suff. in N. J., 830; on Sch. Suff. in N. Y., 867; same in O., 883; women's voting on constitn. in Utah, 948; on wom. suff. in Wash., 968-9, 1096; in Wis., 990; Justices of, favoring wom. suff., Del., 565; Ida., 593, 1089; Kas., 433, 646; Wy., 1090-1-2.

TASMANIA, chapter on, 1033.

TAXATION, without representation, xxxi; in Mass., 34; 38; 65; 66; 97; 148; of women in N. Y., Mass. and Tenn., 240; in Ga., 242; in N. Y., 247, 313, 851; of women helps pay Legislators, 374; women should be relieved of until enfranch., 376; Chicago Teachers' Fed. compels taxation of corporations, 611; 763; in Phila., 900.

TAXPAYERS' SUFFRAGE, States where possessed by women, 461. _See_ chapters for those States under _Suffrage_. --in La., 681; in Miss., 787; in Mont., 799; in N. Y., 869. _See_ also Iowa, 635.

TEACHERS, _see_ Education, Public Schools and Universities.

TERRITORIES, demand for wom. suff. in, 417; appeals to Constit'l. Convs. of Dak., Wash., Mont. and Idaho, 439; Mr. Blackwell visits them in interest of wom. suff., 433; have a right to control suff., 1003. _See_ Territorial chapters.

TESTIMONY, in favor of wom. suff., from Colorado, 239, 268, 283, 302-3, 338, 356, 383; Kansas, 191; Utah, 261, 283; U. S. Sen. Cannon on, 304; St. Sen. Martha Hughes Cannon on, 319; Washington, U. S. Sen. Palmer on, 68; U. S. Sen. Dolph on, 103, 421, 1096-8; in Wyoming, U. S. Sen. Palmer on, 68, U. S. Sen. Carey on, 117, 181, 200, debate on admission to Statehood, 998 et seq. _See_ Statistics, also _Testimony from Wom. Suff. States_, beginning p. 1085, State chapters for Colorado, Idaho, Kansas, Utah and Wyoming and pp. 1027-28.

UNIVERSITIES AND COLLEGES, large number of women in, xxii; women on faculties, 355; Emma Willard's school, geometry in, 355; Mt. Holyoke, Latin in, 355; first Boston High School, 355; President Eliot on girls in Boston Latin School and Radcliffe, 355; Johns Hopkins Medical, 700; Wellesley students for wom. suff., 714; teachers for, 716; same, 726; Smith, same, 716; Girton and Newnham (Eng.), same, 1015; woman suffrage in, 709; Radcliffe, 355, 749; Columbia, 871; Rochester, 871; Brown, 918-20; Oberlin, 884; Antioch, 885; State, closed to wom., 966; open to women in Gr. Brit., 1024; in other countries, 1038 et seq.; presidents of, favoring wom. suff., 1079. _See_ also Education.

UTAH, adopts wom. suff., xxi; 252; visit of Miss Anthony and Miss Shaw in '95, 253; welcomed by Nat'l. Ass'n., 260; organiz'n for wom. suff., 262; gift to Miss Anthony, 390. _See_ State chapter, also Statistics and Testimony.

VICTORIA, chapter on, 1031.

VOICES, of women, 240; 334-5.

VOTE, woman's, political complexion of, xviii, not wanted by politicians and others, xix; best women would not vote, 50; they would, 97; they would not, 98; women do vote, 93, 117, 181; first voted in N. J., 19, 830; future woman will be urged to vote, 211. _See_ Statistics, Suffrage, Testimony, and chapters for Colorado, Idaho, Kansas, Utah, Washington, Wyoming, Australia and New Zealand. --of nat'l. conv. on carrying wom. suff. into church, 77; on Woman's Bible, 263; in U. S. Senate on amend. for wom. suff., 112.

WAGES, _see_ Labor and Statistics.

WILLS, _see_ p. 455 and Laws.

WAR, hated by women, xix, 84, 208; man's part compared to woman's, 115; woman's part in war, 161-2; first to see advantages of peace, 208; pathetic war for suff., 231, 245; war should have consent of women, 335; women left to fight alone, 338; badly needed in Span. Am., 339; women and the South African, 391. _See_ Military and Soldiers. --Civil, developed woman, 2; results frittered away, 159; woman's part in, 195.

WASHINGTON CITY, plan to beautify, xxxii; entertains nat'l. suff. convs. from '69, 14; Miss Anthony's preference as a place for holding convs., 218, 351. _See_ accounts of nat'l. convs., Chaps. II-XXII, also chapter on District of Columbia.

WASHINGTON TERRITORY, xxi; xxix; Sen. Dolph on enfranch. of its women, 102; their disfranch. denounced, 155; full account of this, 1096-8. _See_ State chapter, also Statistics and Testimony.

WISCONSIN, Sch. Suff. in, xv; rule of foreigners, 148. _See_ State chapter.

WOMANLINESS, 52; 88; 95; 106; 160; Mrs. Stanton on, 165; 225; 285; 319; 1086 et seq.

WOMAN'S CHRISTIAN TEMPERANCE UNION, petition for suff., 110; 123; Miss Willard represents before Sen. Com. of '88, 141-2; wom. suff. in '81, 215; at nat'l. conv. of '97, 278. For bills in Legislatures _see_ pp. 451-2, and various State chapters under head of _Legislative Action_; also Canada, New Zealand and Tasmania; for founding and work, 1045 et seq.; attitude towards wom. suff., 1070.

WOMAN'S RIGHTS CONVENTIONS, demands of first one nearly all granted, xiii; earliest ones held, 14; 40th annivers., 125; 204; 50th anniv., 288; descrip. of, 298-9; compared to Bunker Hill, etc., 397; 1043.

WORKINGMEN, how enfranchised, xvii, same, 305; in Great Brit., 311; injured by disfranch. women, 312. _See_ Labor.

WORKINGWOMEN, relation of wom. suff. to, 70; Nat'l. Ass'n. demands suff. for, 216. _See_ Labor and Statistics.

WYOMING, adopts wom. suff., xxi; Nat'l. Ass'n. congratulates on admission, 176; gavel from, 238; 252; visit of Miss Anthony and Miss Shaw, 253; compared to Switzerland, 282; gift and trib. to Miss Anthony on 80th birthday, 400; petits. Cong. for 16th amend., 448; debate in Cong. on admission, 998 et seq. _See_ State chapter, also Statistics and Testimony.

FOOTNOTES:

[502] It has been impossible to index every paper named in the History, and only those are given of which special mention is made.

INDEX OF PROPER NAMES.

In order that the following Index may not be overburdened with names, it has seemed best not to include those of officers and workers in the various States unless they are listed in some capacity elsewhere. While this decision causes injustice in some cases, it will be approved when it is considered that in the Massachusetts chapter, for instance, about 600 different individuals are mentioned, some of them a score of times; in those of New York and California, over 300 each, and in that of Vermont, including only seven pages, nearly 150. With half-a-dozen exceptions the State chapters are very short and it will require only a few minutes for the reader to find any name desired. Most of the prominent State workers are mentioned elsewhere and therefore are listed. Even with this arrangement the Index contains almost 1200 names.

Abbott, Dr. Lyman, 742.

Abbott, Mrs. Lyman, organizes anti-suff. soc., 850.

Abbott, Merrie Hoover, contest for office of pros. att'y., 770.

Aberdeen, Ishbel, Countess of, 301; compliments Amer. wom., 353; 354.

Adams, Abigail, on female education, 354; courtship, 422.

Adams, Gov. Alva, 302; talks suff. to Fed. of Clubs, 530; 533; on wom. suff. in Col., 1087.

Adams, Judge Francis G., 641; statistics of wom. suff. in Kas., 660.

Adams, Pearl, 27.

Adams, Samuel, on representation, 66.

Addams, Jane, 608; 718.

Adkinson, Florence M., 432; 617; 707.

Adsit, Mrs. Allen C., 322.

Alabama, names for, Chap. XXV.

Alcott, Louisa M., in favor of wom. suff., 411; 431; 702.

Alden, Cynthia Westover, 1052.

Alderson, Mary Long, writes Mont. chap., 796.

Aldridge, George W., 845.

Alford, William H., 488.

Allen, C. E., M. C., 260; on wom. suff. platform, 261; 949.

Allen, Mrs. C. E., 260.

Allen, U. S. Sen. John B., 158; favors wom. suff., 162; reports in favor, 201.

Altgeld, Gov. John P. (Ills.), 606.

Ambrose, James Clement, 802.

Ames, Rev. Charles G., 425; in Mass., 707 et al., 712.

Ames, Fanny B., 717.

Ames, Gov. Oliver (Mass.), 259; 433; recom. wom. suff. in message, 706; same, 723; 718; 727.

Amies, Olive Pond, 201.

Anderson, Mrs. Garrett, M. D., (Eng.), 1015.

Anderson, Martha Scott, 331; 774.

Anderson, Naomi, 490; 646.

Anderson, St. Rep. Sarah A. (Utah), 953.

Andrews, Bishop E. G., 206.

Andrews, Elisha Benjamin, Pres. Brown Univ., works for admis. of wom., 919.

Andrews, St. Speaker N. L., wom. suff. in Wy., 1091.

Anneke, Mathilde F., 61; work in Wis., 987.

Anthony, Col. Daniel Reed, 174; 645.

Anthony, Gov. George T. (Kas.), opp. wom. suff., 649.

Anthony, U. S. Sen. Henry B., 24; rep. in favor of wom. suff., 47; 61; 89.

Anthony Lucy E., 239; 392; in Calif, camp'n., 48;, 707; 900.

Anthony, Mary S., 298; work in N. Y., 849 et al.

Anthony, Susan B., prepares Hist. of Wom. Suff., III; rec. legacy for, V; purchases rights of Mrs. Stanton and Mrs. Gage and puts book in libraries, resigns presidency of Nat'l. Assn., VI; secures money for Vol. IV and invites Mrs. Harper to write it, VII; demands on her for inform., IX; tries to prevent "male" in Nat'l. Constit., 2; trial for voting, 4; no faith in attempt for Fed. Suff., 11; winter res. in Washt'n., 12; forms Nat'l. Ass'n., 14; issues call for conv. of '84, 15; 17; arouses interest of Eng. wom., 21; disgrace of disfranchisement, 27; never wrote addresses, 28; writes to 112 M. C.'s, 35; 36; pleads for 16th Amend, before U. S. Senate Com., 40; before House Com., 42; 56; opp. relig. debate in wom. suff. conv., 59; 62; describes first suff. meet. in Washt'n., 70; 71; 77; on Sup. Ct. decisions, 78; arrested under Fed. Law for voting, 79; 81; on congress'l action on wom. suff., 112; 114; world needed her, 120; originates Int'l Council, 124; issues call, 126; edits report, 127; opens Council, 133; 135; 136; elected vice-pres., 137; before Senate com. in '88, 140; opens conv. of '89, 144; 150; describes efforts to vote under 14th Amend., 152; conv. res. on outrage of her trial, 155; at Com. hearings, 156; wom. in war, 162; 70th birthday, 163; demands free platform, 169; as presiding officer, 173; elected vice-pres. of united ass'ns., 174; puts Int'l Council Report in libraries, 175; opens conv. of '91, 176; 180; Miss Shaw tells treatment of in S. D. Rep. Conv., 182; 184; 185; elected pres. Nat'l. Am. Ass'n., 186; winter home at Riggs House, 188; before House Com., 189; compliments Sen. Hoar, 201; 202; opens memorial service of '93, 203; young wom. should apprec. pioneers, 204; gains of forty years, 207; World's Fair Bd. Lady M'g'rs., 211; on Bd. M'g'rs. N. Y. St. Indust. Sch., 213; refused seat on W. C. T. U. platform in '81, 215; on publishing paper, 216; opp. to convs. outside of Washt'n., 218; flag present, by Col. women, 222; every inch of ground contested, 223; Suff. Ass'n. knows no section, creed or party, 224; spicy introductions, 225; 227; part in securing World's Fair Bd. Lady M'g'rs., 233; wom. never can vote under present Constit'n., 234; introd. Kate Field, 235; 236; rare qualities as presid. officer, 238; examples of repartee, 239, 40, 41; trib. in Atlanta conv., 241; young wom. know it all, 249; announces nat'l. hdqrs., 250; spks. in Southern cities, 251; forgets prayer at conv., 252; Miss Shaw tells of their visit to Western cities, 253; Miss A. jokes younger wom. on holding her bonnet, on getting crosswise with newspapers, 254; 257; spks. at mem. serv. of '96, 260; birthday luncheon, 262; sp. on Woman's Bible, 263; 265; before House Com. of '96, 267; 268; at Des Moines conv. in '97, 271; sp. at same, 272; trib. of _Leader_, 273; on desecrating the flag, 278; 279; on partisanship, 281; 286; 287; opens conv. of '98, 288; birthday luncheon in '98, 291; 293; with Mrs. Hooker at conv. of '98, 296; 298; congrat. on 78th birthday, 300; 301; 304; 318; before House com. of '98, 321; sp. at conv. of '99, on wom. in our new possessions, 325; 327; 328; 331; on wom. in Hawaii, 333; on women's voices, 334; 335; 337; a criminal, 339; all wom. can help, 341; 342; decides to resign presidency of Nat'l. Ass'n., 349; vigor at, conv. of 1900, 350; appearance and opening remarks, Miss Shaw tells of her recep. in London, and relates funny story, 351; rep. as delegate to Int'l. Council of '99, 352; describes recep. by Queen, value of representing something, 354; introd. Mr. Blackwell, 357; 359; 360; 364; clears ass'n. of debt, need to watch Congress, 365; 367; sp. before Senate com. of '99, 373; asks hearing for "antis," 381; kindness repudiated, 382-3; courtesy of Pres. and Mrs. McKinley, 384; urged not to resign presidency, 385; insists upon doing so, res. passed by ass'n., her response, 386; always in office, 387; introd. her successor, 388; elected hon. pres., and presented with birthday gifts, 389; _Post_ describes occasion, 390; 391; 392; introd. her old board and makes farewell sp., description by _Post_, 393; 80th birthday celebration in Lafayette opera house, gifts and tributes, her acknowledgment, 394-404; evening recep. in Corcoran Art Gallery, description of Miss Anthony, hour of triumph, 404-5; 426; first app. at nat'l. polit. conv., 435; at Nat'l. Repub. conv. in '92, 436; at Nat'l. Popu. conv. in '92, 437; vast numb. of convs. attended, 439; political work in 1900, 440; 443; letters to convs., 445; ad. labor convs., 446; trib. of Brewers' nat'l. conv., 447; in Ala., 465; spks. in Ark., 475; at Calif. Wom. Cong., 480; 482; 486; in Calif. camp'n., 487; same, 489; same, 490; same, 500; on Mexicans in Col., 514; 517; visits Denver, 530; in Conn., 535; 546; plan of work to secure suff. amdt., 547; lect. tour of S. D., 553; 554; in S. D. camp'n., 555; Russian voters oppose, goes before K. of L. and Farmers' Alliance, 556; in Ga., 583; in Ills., 598; telegram to Idaho, 590; in Ind., 615; same, 616; before Ind. Legis., 618; in Iowa, 629; same, 630; work in Kas., 640; tour of Kas., 641; in Kas. camp'n., 643; same, 644; 645; 646; 648; 649; hears of munic. wom. suff. in Kas., 651; in New Orleans, 678; second visit, 679; in Maine, 690; in Baltimore, 695; in Boston, 706; 708; at Adams, 718; 755; in Mich., 756; same, 757; in Ann Arbor, 758; before Fed. of Labor in Detroit, 759; before Mich. Legis., 764; in Minn., 772-3; in Mo., 790; welcome from children in St. Louis and banq., 791-2; in Neb., 802-3; in Nev., 810-11; pioneer work in N. Y., 839; welcome home from S. D., 841; defends pioneers, 843; welcome home from Calif., 844; face carved in N. Y. capitol, 845; 846; refused by N. Y. Repubs. as delegate, 848; work in N. Y. const'l. conv., 849; same, 851; early legis. work in N. Y., 852; work for equal guardianship, 857; last ap. before N. Y. legis. com., 859; secures admis. of girls to Roch. Univ., 871; in Ore., 892; in Penn., 899; in R. I., 907; 910; at Pembroke Hall, Prov., 920; in S. C., 922; in Tenn., 926; in Utah, 936; welcomes Utah wom., 937; in Omaha, 939; teleg. to Utah, 942; same, 944; in Utah, 947; Utah ass'n. presents silk dress, 950; in Va., 964; in Wis., 985-6; same, 989; 995; hears deb. on Wy., 1000; hears of its admis., 1003; requests celebration, 1004; visits Wy., 1005; 1007.

Arizona, names for, Chap. XXVI.

Arkansas, names for, Chap. XXVII.

Armstrong, St. Sen. W. W., for wom. suff. in N. Y. Legis., 859-61-62.

Arthur, President Chester A., receives delegates, 18; 74.

Ashman, Judge William N., in Del., 564; work in Penn., 899; 904.

Atchison, Prof. Rena Michaels, 606.

Athey, Eunice Pond, 287; writes Idaho chap., 589; in Ore., 892.

Atkinson, Gov. W. Y. (Ga.), 583; 587.

Atkinson, Mrs. W. Y., 251.

Auckland, Bishop of (N. Z.), for wom. suff., 1027.

Auclert, Hubertine (France), 23; 27.

Austin, Dr. Harriet N., 205.

Australia, 1027 et seq.

Avery, Rachel Foster, 19; 27; 61; 124; arranges for Int'l. Council of Wom., 125; issues call, 126; 128; arranges Miss Anthony's birthday celebr., 163; elected secy. united ass'ns., 174; rep. of Council, 175; 218; advoc. movable convs., 219; rep. on Miss Anthony's efforts for Bd. of Lady Mgrs., 232; opens headqrs., 257; eulogy of Mr. Sewall, 259; rep. of Atlanta Expos., 262; ass'n. makes gift for 21 yrs. as sec'y., 387; 389; 443; 554; in Del., 563; at Ga. Expos., 582; work for World's Fair Wom. Cong., 610; in Kas., 640-1; contrib. to Kas. camp'n, 642; in N. J., 826; 900.

Avery, Susan Look, 612.

B

Babcock, Elnora Monroe, press work, 326; 342; press rep., 1900, 365; press work in N. Y., 844.

Bacon, Elizabeth D., writes Conn. chap., 535; 536.

Bagby, Fannie M., 18.

Bagley, Frances, 345.

Bailey, Hannah J., 201.

Baker, B. P., 417.

Baker, Charles S., M. C., 998.

Balderston, William, 319; writes Idaho chapter, 589; trib. to, 590.

Balfour, Hon. A. J., Premier of England, 1016; 1020.

Balfour, Lady Frances (Eng.), pres. suff. soc., 1020.

Balgarnie, Florence (Eng.), 179; 642; 708; 790.

Ballard, Adelaide, 271; 279; work in Iowa, 631; 803.

Banker, George W. and Henrietta M., 366.

Banks, Rev. Louis A., sp. at Amer. conv. of '86, 421; in R. I., 910; in Vt., 957.

Barber, Gov. Amos W., on wom. suff. in Wy., 1007.

Barrett, Mrs. L. B., 410.

Barrows, Anna, household professions for wom., 357.

Barrows, Isabel C., Miss Anthony as philanthropist, 354; 739.

Barrows, Samuel J., M.C., 297; 703; 712.

Barry, James K., 479.

Barry, Leonora M. (_See_ Lake).

Barry, St. Rep. Dr. Mary F. (Col.), 523.

Bartlett, Rev. Caroline J. (_See_ Crane).

Bartol, Emma J., donat. to Vol. IV Hist, of Wom. Suff., VII; 900.

Barton, Clara, at Int'l Council of Wom., 136; 150; 205; 393; trib. to Mrs. Gage, 429; for wom. suff., 569; 576; in Boston, 705; 895; 911; pres. Red Cross Ass'n., 1048.

Bascom, Emma C., 61; 75.

Bates, St. Supt. Pub. Instruct., Emma (N. D.), 551.

Bates, Lieut. Gov. John L. (Mass.), for wom. suff., 718.

Bates, Dr. Mary H. Barker, 341.

Bates, Octavia W., on wom. in our new possessions, 331.

Battersea, Lady (Eng.), 354.

Beasley, Marie Wilson, 322.

Bebel, August (Germany), 329.

Beck, U. S. Senator James B., opp. wom, suff., 157.

Becker, Lydia (Eng.), 22; 1015; 1023.

Begg, Faithfull, M. P. (Eng.), work for wom. suff., 1017; 1018.

Begole, Gov. Josiah W. (Mich.), 755.

Belden, Evelyn H., wom. and war, 339; 632; legis. work in Iowa, 634; 774; 804.

Belford, James B., M. C., spks. for wom. suff., 32.

Bell, John C., M. C., on wom. suff. in Col., 390; 524.

Benjamin, Mrs. A. S., 324.

Bennett, Sallie Clay, 6; 16; on Bible for wom. suff., 71; before U. S. Sen. Com., 138; same, 162; 174; wom. suff. under Const'n, 234; 235; 290; work in Ky., 665.

Benson (Archbishop of Canterbury) Mrs., petit. for wom. suff., 1015.

Besant, Annie (Eng.), 220; 709.

Beveridge, U. S. Sen. Albert J., for wom. suff., 616.

Bieber-Bohm, Hanna (Germany), 301.

Biggs, Caroline Ashurst (Eng.), 22; 27; 176; 1012; 1015.

Bingham, Chief Justice Edward F., (D. C.), 574.

Birney, Mrs. Theodore W., 1052.

Bissell, Emily P., fears chivalry of men, 382; in Ore., 895.

Bissell, Mrs. M. R., 323.

Bittenbender, Ada M., 802; 808.

Blackburn, Helen, 319; 369; writes chap. for Great Britain, 1012.

Blackstone, commentaries, 456.

Blackwell, Alice Stone, 156; 173-4; sp. before U. S. Sen. Com., 197; 218; rep. of conv. of '94, 221; 235; rep. of conv. of '95, 236; 243; 263; 276; at conv. of '97, 281; 291; before House com. of '98, 320; 357; answers "remonstrants" at com. hearings, 383; chap. on Amer. Suff. Ass'n., 406; 443; furnishes material for Mass. chap., 701; 712 et al.; in N. H., 816; in N. Y., 844; before N. Y. legis. com., 863; 920; in Vt., 957.

Blackwell, Rev. Antoinette Brown, 128; on first Wom. Rights conv., 292; 298; 337; mem. res. at conv. of '99, 344; 425; 426; in Boston, 708; work in N. J., 820 et al.; in N. Y., 844.

Blackwell, Dr. Elizabeth, 300; 320; 355; in Eng., 1015.

Blackwell, Dr. Emily, 707.

Blackwell, Henry B., at conv. of '90, 169; 173; 183; 189; 205; 207; reads last let. of Lucy Stone to conv. of '93, 213; 219; 226; reminis. of Lucy Stone, 227; opp. Fed. Suff., 234; 235; wom. suff. and negro problem, 246; 259; 263; 265; at conv. of '97, 280; on Presidential Suff., 286; 294; 298; Wom. Suff. and Home, 315; on wom. in uncivilized nations, 332; attraction of early convs., 357; res. on Miss Anthony's resignation, 386; 408; reports res., 409; 415; 417; 418; 425; value of woman's vote, 429; at Nat'l. Repub. conv. of '96, 439; work for Ariz., 470; in N. D., 545; 553; in S. D. camp'n., 555; in Ind., 614; in Iowa, 628-9; same, 630; in Kas., 638; same, 640; in Maine, 689; sec'y. N. E. and Mass. Ass'ns., 701; work in Mass., 704 et al.; anniv. Boston Tea Party, 913; at Nat'l. Conv. Rep. Clubs in '93, 713; same in '94, 714; 70th birthday, 715; 720; legis. work in Mass., 721; in Mich., 755; 759; in Minn., 772; in St. Louis, 791; in Mont., 797; in N. H., 816; in N. J., 827; in N. Y., 842; in Penn., 899; in R. I., 907; same, 910; in Vt., 957-8; same, 960; in Wash., 969; 973.

Blaine, U. S. Sen. James G., 325.

Blair, U. S. Sen. Henry W., 10; 24; signs fav. rep. on wom. suff., 47; great sp. in U. S. Senate in favor of enfranch. wom., 86; 93; in Senate debate, 110; sp. on Fed. Suff. for Wom., 144; debt of wom. to, 157; right of wom. to suff., 162, 164, in N. H., 815, 816.

Blake, Lillie Devereux, at conv. of '84, 17, before U. S. Sen. Com., 39, 57, plan of work, 62, Rights of Men, 114, 123, 150, 173, 182, 184, 221, trib. to Lucy Stone, 226, 242, 243, legislative rep., 248, 251, 263, 265, 290, 298, voting of soldiers, 335, legis. rep. at conv. of '99, 342, const'l argument before House com., 1900, 374, withdraws as candidate for pres., 387, at Nat'l Repub. conv. of '96, 439, in Calif., 478, 513, in N. D., 546, 553, in N. J., 822, assists on N. Y. chap, work in N. Y., 839 et al., legis work in N. Y., 853 et al., Pilgrim Moth Dinner, 873, in N. C., 874, 920, in S. C., 922.

Blanchard, Henry D. D., 689, 705.

Blankenburg, Lucretia Longshore, 18, 227, 231, in N. J., 826, writes Penn. chap., work in Penn., 898 et al., work for guardianship law, 902.

Blatch, Harriot Stanton (Eng.), 135, at conv. of '90, 167, before U. S. Senate com. of '98, wom. and economics, 310, wom. suff. in England, 368, wom. and war, 391, brings her mother's greeting on Miss Anthony's birthday, 402, in N. Y., 845, same, 861.

Bleckley, Chief Justice Logan E. (Ga.), 585.

Blinn, Nellie Holbrook, 480, legislative work, 484, 617.

Bliss Gov. Aaron T. (Mich.), 770.

Blodgett, Mrs. Delos A., 322.

Bloomer, Amelia, 250; 295.

Bloomer, Nevada, case for wom. suff. in Wash. 968, same, 1098.

Blount, Lucia E., 183.

Blue, Richard W., M. C., 150, for wom. suff. in Kas., 422, 649.

Bogelot, Isabelle (France), 135.

Bok, Edward W., 229.

Bolles, Ellen M., 200, 711; 720; work in R. I., 908 et al.

Bowditch, Hon. William I, 23, 702, 713.

Bowles, Rev. Ada C., 61; 128; 425, 723, 772, in R. I., 910; in Vt., 957.

Boyd, Annie Caldwell, writes W. Va. chap., work in W. Va., 980 et al.

Boyd, Gov. James E. (Neb), opp. wom. suff., 212.

Boyden, Sarah J., 746.

Boyer, Ida Porter, 291; press work in Penn., 898.

Boyer, Sarah A., 262.

Brackett, Gov J. Q. A. (Mass.), 718.

Bradford, Mary C. C., 279, at conv. of '97, 282, 284, effects of wom. suff. in Col., 356, 368, in Col., 514, in Del., 564, in Ida., 592, in La., 680, in Md., 696, in Miss., 783, in St. Louis, 791, in N. J., 825, 826, in Penn., 899, in Utah, 947.

Bradford, Atty. Gen. S. B., 660, 762.

Bradley Gov. William O. (Ky.), 673.

Bradwell, Myra B., contest for right of wom. to practice law, 152, 227, 250, 295.

Bray, Olive P., 417, 639.

Breeden, Rev. H. O., welcomes nat'l. conv. to Des Moines, 270.

Brehm, Mane, 619.

Brent, Margaret, 363, first wom. to ask suff., 695.

Bright, Jacob, M. P., 22, 353, 1020.

Bright, Mrs. Jacob, 22.

Bristol Augusta Cooper, 617.

Bristol, Rev. Frank M., 366.

Broderick, Case, M. C., 231.

Broderick, Jennie, 220.

Brooks, Mrs. (Neb.), 77.

Brooks, Bishop Phillips, 203; for wom. suff., 704, 911.

Brotherton, Alice Williams, 164.

Brougham, Lord, 292.

Brown, Corinne S., 184.

Brown, Mrs. F. A., 1058.

Brown, Gov. John Young (Ky.), 670.

Brown, U. S. Senator Joseph E., rep. against wom. suff., 47, 90, sp. in U. S. Senate against wom. suff., 93, Mrs. Stanton's comment, 113, 157.

Brown, Martha McClellan, 17, 173, 428.

Brown, U. S. Dist. Atty. Melville C., wom. suff. in Wy., 994, 997, 1091.

Brown, Rev. Olympia, 27, 61, 75, sp. on Rule of Foreigners, 147, 156; 157, 164, 171, 173, in S. D. camp'n, 555, 630, in Minn., 772, writes Wis. chap., work in Wis., 985 et al.

Brown, Mrs. William Thayer, 610.

Browne, Thomas M., M. C., rep. in favor of wom. suff., 52.

Brownell, Dean Louise, 353.

Bruce, U. S. Sen. Blanche K., for wom. suff., 231.

Bryan, William J., 439.

Buck, Rev. Florence, 297.

Buckley, James M., D. D., opp. to wom. in ministry, 207; opp. wom. suff. at Chautauqua, 842.

Buckley, Dean Julia, sch. work in N. J., 834.

Budd, Gov James H. (Cal.), 480; 486, 504.

Buell, Caroline B., 256.

Burns, Frances E., 324.

Burr, Frances Ellen, rep. nat'l conv. of '85, 58; 174; in Conn., 536.

Burrows, Frances P. (Mrs. Julius C.), 322; 395; 568; 575

Burt, Mary T., work in N. Y. camp'n., 850 et al.; 856.

Bush, Abigail, let. to conv. of '98, 298; 345.

Butler, Gov. Benjamin F. (Mass.), on right of wom. to vote, 204; 718.

Butt, Hala Hammond, before House com. of 1900, 378; writes Miss. chap., work in Miss., 703 et al.

Butters, Lieut.-Gov. Archibald (Mich.), favors wom. suff., 765.

Butterworth, Hezekiah, 717.

Buxton, Ida M., in Mass., 703; in Vt., 957.

C

Cabot, Mrs. J. Elliott, pres. anti-suff. ass'n., 741 et al.

Caine, John T., M. C., 941.

Caine, Margaret N., 941.

California, names for, Chap. XXVII.

Callanan, James C., 270.

Callanan, Martha C., entertains Nat'l Suff. Com., 270; 629; 630.

Campbell, Helen, 727.

Campbell, Jane, in N. J., 822; same, 826; work in Penn., 899 et al.

Campbell, Gov. John A., 994; wom. suff. in Wy., 1090.

Campbell, Margaret W., 411; don't class wom. with slaves, 415; 425; in Iowa, 628 et al.

Campbell, St. Sen. R. B., 784.

Canada, names for, 1034.

Candler, Gov. Allan C. (Ga.), 585.

Cannon, U. S. Sen. Frank J., 260; spks. for wom. suff., 261; 304; 949.

Cannon, Mrs. Frank J., 260.

Cannon, Cong. Del. George Q., 937; 941; 943.

Cannon, St. Sen. Martha Hughes, 301; before House com. of '98, wom. suff. in Utah, 319; work in Utah Senate, 953.

Capen, Elmer Hewett, pres. Tufts Coll., for wom. suff., 727.

Carey, U. S. Sen. Joseph M., on wom. suff. in Wyo., 117; admission as State with wom. suff., 180; 189; 207; 224; 318; 433; 710; before N.Y. Constit'l. Conv., 851; fight for admis. of Wy., 998-9; 1005; testimony for wom. suff., 1006; 1090.

Carey, Mrs. Joseph M., 117; 184; sends petit. from Wy., 449; entertains Miss Anthony, 1005; 1007.

Carpenter, Frank G., 164.

Carpenter, Mrs. Rathbone, 322.

Carroll, Anna Ella, services in Civil War, 26; efforts for, by Nat'l Ass'n., 183; 234; 416; 568.

Carruth, Prof. W. H., sp. at Amer. conv. of '86, 420; in Kas., 638; statistics of wom. suff. in Kas., 660; 706; in Boston, 715; 725; in Vt., 958.

Carruth, Mrs. W. H., 715.

Cary, Alice, 295.

Cary, Phoebe, 295; 400.

Cassidy, Jessie J. (_See_ Saunders).

Castle, St. Sen. Miles B., 426; 612; 630.

Caswell, Lucien B., M. C., rep. in favor of wom. suff., 84; same, 163.

Catt, Carrie Chapman, first appearance on nat'l platform, 169; 187; before U. S. Sen. Com., 194; 213; presents flag to Miss Anthony, 223; 229; 245; rep. to conv. of '95, 248; 250; 254; to conv. of '96, 256; 263; sp. at conv. of '97, 274; 279; 284; organiz'n. rep. to conv. of '98, 289; to conv. of '99, 342; 346; to conv. of 1900, 365; before Senate com. of 1900, 369; elected nat'l pres., 387; introd. by Miss Anthony, sp. of acceptance, trib. to Miss A., 388; press notices, 389; presents Miss A. with birthday gifts, 389; sp. on three I's, 392; presides at birthday celebr., 396; 400; 443; at Dem. Nat'l conv. of 1900, 444; 449; in Ala., 465; work in Ariz., 471: rep. of work in Ariz., 472; 482; 483; 490; in Colo. camp'n., 514; visits Denver, 530; 535; 546; 547; in S. D. camp'n., 555; 558; 563; before Del. constit'l. conv., 564; in Ga., 583; in Idaho camp'n., 591; 592; in Ills., 599; 616; in Iowa, 629 et al.; in Kas., 642; same, 644; 645; 646; 648; in Ky., 667; before La. constit'l. conv., 680; in Maine, 690; in Md., 696; 710; 713; in Mich., 757; same, 758; 759; in Minn., 773; 774; in Miss., 783; 784; in St. Louis, 791; same, 792; in Mont., 796; same, 797; in Neb., 804; in Nev., 811; in N. H., 816; 817; in N. J., 822; same, 825; same, 826; in N. M., 836; in N. Y., 843; in N. Y. camp'n., 849; in N. Y., 860; in O., 879; same, 880; in Ok., 886; rep. of legis. work in Ok., 887; in Penn., 899; in Tenn., 926; same, 927; in Utah, 949; in Vt., 957; 973; in Wash., 976; in W. Va., 980; same, 981.

Catt, George W., 262.

Caulfield, Anna, 336.

Chace, Elizabeth Buffum, work in R.I., 907 et al.

Chace, U. S. Sen. Jonathan, III; rep. in favor of wom. suff., 156.

Chamberlain, Ella C, 240; 577.

Chanler, Margaret Livingston, work in N. Y., 843 et al.

Channing, Dr. William Ellery, 427.

Chant, Laura Ormiston (Eng.), 135; before U. S. Sen. com., 139; 163; 169; in Col., 516; in Boston, 705, 711.

Chapin, Augusta, D. D., 718.

Chapman, Maria Weston, 227.

Chapman, Mariana W., 240; 290; before U. S. Senate com. of '98, wom. as taxpayers, 313; in N. J., 825; assists on N. Y. chap., 840; work in N. Y., 844 et al.

Chase, Chief Justice Salmon P., for wom. suff., 1076.

Chase, Florence Adele, writes chapter for D. C, 567.

Chase, Mary N., in N. H., 816; in Vt., 957.

Cheney, Ednah D., in Ky., 665; work in Mass., 702; 704; 712 et al.

Chichester, Dean of (Eng.), 320.

Child, Lydia Maria, 227; 295.

Childs, George W., 75; trib. to, 227.

Choate, Hon. Joseph H., defeats wom. suff. in N. Y. Constit'l. Conv., 852.

Christiansen, Gen. C. T., 843.

Claflin, Adelaide A., 425; work in Mass., 703 et al.; in R. I., 910.

Chaflin, Gov. William (Mass.), for wom. suff., 715; 718; 727.

Clapp, Eliza J., 286.

Clapp, Atty.-Gen. Moses E. (Minn.), ad. suff. conv., 772.

Clark, U. S. Sen. Clarence D., presents wom. suff. bill, 7; wom. suff. in Wy., 1092.

Clark, George W., sings at conv., 19.

Clark, James G., 295; 415; 422; 802.

Clark, U. S. Sen. William A., 797.

Clarke, Alice Judah, assists on Ind., chap., 614.

Clarke, Prof. Benjamin Franklin, of Brown Univ., 919.

Clarke, Dr. E. H., on education, 355.

Clarke, James Freeman, D. D., 146; 412; 431; 702; petit. for wom. suff. in '57, 721.

Clarkson, U. S. Ass't. P. M. Gen. James S., wom. suff. in Col., 1086.

Clay, Laura, 174; 216; 219; trib. to Lucy Stone, 226; non-partisans, 280; 290; before U. S. Senate com. of '98, wom. suff. and physical develop., 309; 430; 616; 630; writes Ky. chap., 665; work in Ky., 665 et al.; in New Orleans, 680; in N. C., 874; in S. C., 922; in Tenn., 927.

Clay, Mary B., 15; before House com., 44; 150; 341; at Amer. conv., '84, 407; 426; work in Ky., 665; 761.

Clemmer, Mary, 295.

Cleveland, President Grover, 123; receives Intl. Council of Wom., 127; 840; 1097.

Cleveland, Mrs. Grover, rec. Intl. Council of Wom., 127; 265.

Clopton, Virginia Clay, 466; in Tenn., 927.

Clough, Gov. D. M. (Minn.), ad. suff. conv., 773.

Cobbe, Frances Power (Eng.), 21; 26.

Cobden, Jane (_See_ Unwin).

Cobden, Richard, for wom. suff., 21.

Cockburn, Sir John, Premier S. Austr., for wom. suff., 1028.

Cockrell, U. S. Sen. Francis Marion, rep. against worn, suff., 47; 90; 93; ridiculed by Mrs. Stanton, 113.

Codman, Mrs. James M., anti-suff., 716.

Coffeen, Henry A., M. C., 231.

Coffin, Charles Carleton, 724.

Coggeshall, Mary J., 629; 633.

Cohen, Elizabeth, polit. deleg., 439.

Coke, Lord, 376.

Colby, Clara Bewick, 6; res. against creeds and dogmas, 58; sp. on same, 59; plan of work, 62; wom. suff. and labor question, 70; on the church, 76; describes campn. in Neb., 80; 117; 122; Wom. Trib. during Intl. Council, 126; wom. in marriage, 151; 157; 162; 183; 184; 187; on Wyoming, 200; on Fed. Suff., 218; 219; 234; 235; 239; 240; 247; mem. res. at conv. of '95, 250; philos. of wom., suff., 254; 263; mem. res. at conv. of '97, 275-6; 279; on Wyoming, 282; 292; mem. res. at conv. of '98, 293; 331; 337; mem. serv. at conv. of '99, 345; 360; work with Congress, 367; descript. of Miss Anthony's 80th birthday, 306; in S. D. campn., 555; 592; in Kas., 639; 640; 642; in Ky, 666; in New Orleans, 679; 719; in Mich., 757; 759; 761; work in Neb., 802 et al.; in Utah, 940; in Wash., 970; in Wis., 986; statistics from Wy., 1094.

Colcord, Gov. Roswell K. (Nev.), recom. wom. suff. amdt, 813.

Colfax, Vice President Schuyler, founds Daught. of Rebekah, 1069; for wom., suff., 1075.

Collins, Emily P., in R. I., 536; in Mass., 706.

Collyer, Rev. Robert, for wom. suff., 703.

Colorado, names for, Chap. XXIX.

Conger, Mrs. Omar D., 233.

Conine, St. Rep. Martha A. B. (Col.), 301; before House Com. of '98, 319; elected, 522; in Ills., 599; in Iowa, 632; in N. Y., 860.

Connecticut, names for, Chap. XXX.

Connor, Eliza Archard, 153.

Conway, Mrs. Moncure D., 23.

Conyers, Bennett J., 241.

Cook, Coralie Franklin, brings greetings of colored women on Miss Anthony's birthday, 398; 404.

Cook, Rev. Joseph, ad. suff. conv., 710; before Mass. Legis., 727.

Coolbrith, Ina D., 479.

Cooley, Mrs. George Eliot. (_See_ Harper.)

Coonley, Lydia A. (_See_ Ward.)

Cooper, Sarah B., 253; 275; 479; pres. Wom. Cong., 481; work in Calif., 488 et al.; in Ore., 893.

Corbin, Caroline F., 157.

Corey, Rev. Dr., 189.

Corn, Assoc. Justice, wom. suff. in Wy., 1093.

Cornwall, Amy K., 364; 509.

Corson, Dr. Hiram, 275.

Coudert, Frederick, signs suff. petit., 850.

Courtney, Leonard, M. P. (Eng.), work for wom. suff., 1020.

Couzins, Phoebe W., 18; res. on Phillips and Miss Carroll, 25; 27; on Goddess of Liberty, 47; 117; 163; 169; 475; 520; 695; 772; 795.

Craigie, Mrs. C. O. H., 564.

Crane, Rev. Caroline Bartlett, sermon at conv. of '91, 184; 764.

Crane, Gov. W. Murray (Mass.), 744.

Cranston, Martha S., writes Del. chap., 563; 564 et al.

Crawford, Emily (Eng.), petit, for wom. suff., 1015.

Cressingham, St. Rep. Clara (Col.), 521.

Crooker, Rev. Florence Kollock, ethics of wom. suff., 20; before House com., 43; 337; 407; 739.

Cullom, U. S. Sen. Shelby M., 347.

Cunningham, Catherine Campbell, assists on Ark. chapter, work in Ark., 475.

Curtis, Elizabeth Burrill, 257; before U. S. Senate com. of '98, are wom. represented, 314; in Mass., 715; work in N. Y. 843, et al.

Curtis, George William, 23; 164; mem. serv., 203; 372; on wom. suff., 428.

Cutcheon, Byron M., M. C, spks. for wom. suff., 35.

Cutler, Hannah M. Tracy, 275; 406; 407; mem. to Mrs. Gage, 410; 426; 703; in Vt., 957.

D

Dakota (North and South), names for, Chap. XXXI.

Dall, Caroline H., 294.

Dalton, Father W. J., 447; 760.

Dangerfield, Henderson, 212; 964.

Davies, Emily, Mistress of Girton (Eng.), petit, for wom. suff., 1015.

Davies, Atty.-Gen. John C., right of wom. to office in N. Y., 1094.

Davis, U. S. Sen. Cushman K., for wom. suff., 433.

Davis, Edward M., 18; 60; 76; work in Penn., 899.

Davis, John C., M. C., 231; 235.

Davis, Paulina Wright, 203; 294; work in R. I., 907; in Va., 964.

Davis, Thomas, 259.

Dawes, U. S. Sen. Henry L., 111; 164.

Decker, Sarah Platt, 529 et al.

De Garmo, Rhoda, 299.

Delaware, names for, Chap. XXXII.

Demorest, (Mme.) Louise, 75.

Dennison, Ruth C., 27.

Depew, Chauncey M., signs suff. petit., 850.

Desha, Mary, 173.

DeVoe, Emma Smith, at conv. of '96, 265; 284; in S. D., 549; 555; 590; 599; in Iowa, 630; 631; in Kas., 644; in Ky., 667; in Minn., 773; in Mont., 796; in Nev., 810; in Wis., 987.

Dexter, Rev. Morton, ed. _Congregationalist_, opp. wom. suff.; 725.

Deyo, Rev. Amanda, 128; 496.

Dickinson, Dr. Frances, 23; 174; 184; 201.

Dickinson, Mary Lowe, 228; 300.

Dietrick, Ellen Battelle, 174; at conv. of '91, 179; sp. at conv. of '92, 208; res. on religious liberty, 216; 219; 229; 234; 248; memorial service, 259; 430; in Ky., 666; 706; work in Mass., 709 et al.; 726; 751; in S. C., 922.

Diggs, Annie L., 61; wom. suff. in Kas., 199; at conv. of '94, 221; 234; 235; 248; 263; 268; at conv. of 1900, 363; in Ind., 617; writes Kas. chap., 638; 643; work in Kas. Legis., 652; app. St. Librarian, 657; in Md., 696; in N. J., 822; in W. Va., 980.

Dilke, Mrs. Ashton, 135; 841.

Dingley, Nelson W., M.C., 345.

District of Columbia, names for, Chap. XXXIII.

Doane, Bishop William Croswell, opp. wom. suff., 850; 858.

Dodge, Mrs. Arthur M., opposes wom. suff. before U. S. Senate com. of 1900, repudiates courtesy of Miss Anthony, 382; begs com. not to be moved by consideration for her, 383; before N. Y. legis. com., 861; same, 863.

Doe, Chief Justice Charles (N. H.), wom. may practice law, 819.

Doe, Mary L., at conv. of '99, 334; writes Mich, chap., 755; work in Mich., 756 et al.

Doggett, Kate Newell, 61; 410.

Dole, Sanford B. (Hawaii), 347.

Dolph, U. S. Sen. Joseph N., 93; sp. for wom. suff., 100; same, 104; 218; 295.

Donnelly, St. Sen. Ignatius, for wom. suff., 776-7.

Dorsett, Martha Angle, 417; work in Minn., 774 et al.

Dorsheimer, William, M. C., 51.

Doster, Chief Justice Frank (Kas.), for wom. suff., 607; 646.

Douglass, Frederick, 136; at conv. of '89, 151; reminiscences, 204; early suffragists, 227; mem. serv., 259; 298; 403; 430; in Boston, 704, 713; in R. I., 907.

Douglass, Joseph, 265; 400; 404.

Dow, Neal, 164.

Downs, H. Margaret, 322.

Doyon, Amelia E. H., 259.

Drake, Gov. Francis M. (Iowa), 270.

Du Bose, Miriam Howard, 228; 235; work in Ga., 237; 582.

Dunbar, Mrs. (Md.), 77.

Duniway, Abigail Scott, at conv. of '84, 16; 27; 151; 156; 157; 236; 239; at conv. of '95, 249; of '99, 339; of 1900, 363; in Idaho, 589; 590; in Minn., 772; in N. Y., 839; writes Ore. chap., work in Ore., 891 et al.; in Wash., 975.

Duniway, Clyde, 739.

E

Eagle, Gov. James B. (Ark.), 475.

Earnhart, Ida M., test case for sch. suff. in Ohio, 882.

Eastman, Rev. Annis Ford, 202; work in N. Y., 844.

Eastman, Mary F., woman's right to suff., 72; justice of it, 79; 118; 175; work in Mass., 704 et al.; legis. work, 721; in N. Y., 841; in R. I., 907; same, 910; 920.

Eaton, Charles H., D. D., for wom. suff., 840.

Eaton, Dr. Cora Smith, in N. D., 545; 551; assists on Minn, chap., 772; work in Minn., 773 et al.

Eddy, Eliza Jackson, legacy to Miss Anthony, V.

Edmunds, U. S. Sen. George F., 375; 939.

Edson, Dr. Susan A., 295; 574.

Edwards, Amelia B., petit. for wom. suff., 1015.

Eisenhuth, St. Supt. Pub. Instruct. Laura J. (N. D.), 551.

Eliot, Charles W., pres. Harvard Univ., 266; on education of wom., 355; protest against wom. suff., 704; inherits prejudice, 736.

Eliot, Chancellor Wm. G. (St. Louis), suff. a right, 413; 703.

Elkins, U. S. Sen. Stephen B., opp. wom. suff. in W. Va., 982.

Elliott, Albert H., work in Cal., 482 et al.

Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 61; 1092.

Emerson, Mrs. Ralph Waldo, 206.

Ernst, Hon. George A. O., work in Mass., 710 et al.

Eskridge, Gov. C. V. (Kas.), opp. wom. suff., 645.

Estee, Hon. Morris M., 436.

Eustis, U. S. Sen. James B., opp. wom. suff., 104.

Evald, Mrs. Emmy C., 298.

Everett, Edward, 433.

Everhard, Caroline McCullough, at conv. of '92, 185; 201; work in O., 880 et al.

F

Fair, U. S. Sen. James G., opp. wom. suff., 36; 47.

Fairbanks, Mayor (Quincy, Mass.), 712.

Fairman, Col. Henry Clay, 238; 582.

Fall, Anna Christy (Mrs. George H.), 741; 745

Fall, St. Rep. George H., work in Mass., 744 et al.

Farwell, U. S. Sen. Charles B., rep. for wom. suff., 156; 158; 162.

Fawcett, Postmaster Gen. Henry, M. P. (Eng.), for wom. suff., 17; 61.

Fawcett, Millicent Garrett, 17; 301; wom. in India, 330; suff. meet. in London, 353; 718; work in Gr. Britain, 1014; same, 1020.

Fawcett, Philippa, 176.

Faxon, Henry H., 702 et al.

Fergusson, Cong. Del. H. B., 835.

Fessenden, Susan S., in Col., 516; in N. D., 548; work in Mass., 726 et al.; in N. H., 816; in Penn., 900.

Field, Kate, for wom. suff., 235; 275.

Fish, Sarah, 299.

Fisher, Chief Justice, wom. suff. in Wy., 1091.

Fisk, Mrs. Clinton D., 1057.

Fleming, Gov. Francis P. (Fla.), opp. to wom. suff., 212.

Flemming, William H., M. C., 586.

Fletcher, Alice C., 183; 331.

Flood, Cora Jane, endowment to univers., 507.

Florida, names for, Chap. XXXIV.

Flower, Gov. Roswell P. (N. Y.), 213; 843; recom. wom. delegates, 848; 856.

Folger, Gov. Charles J. (N. Y.), 61.

Folsom, Mariana T., in Texas, 416; 628; 931.

Foltz, Clara S., in Calif., 478 et al.

Foss, Mrs. Cyrus D., 1071.

Foster, Abby Kelly, 227.

Foster, Judith Ellen, 19; at Nat'l Repub. conv. of '96, 439; same, 1900, 444; in Col., 520; 569; 576; in Ida., 590; in Kas., 645; in Mass., 705; in R. I., 910; in Utah, 955.

Foster, Julia (Mrs. J. Heron), 19; 61.

Foster, Julia T., 19; 27; 61; 126.

Foster, Rachel G. (See Avery).

Foulke, Hon. William Dudley, sp. at suff. conv. of '90, 167; 173; 202; trib. to Lucy Stone, 225; 408; 411; 414; at Amer. conv. of '86, 418; value of dreamers, 421; independ. of politician, 422; 423; at Amer. conv. of '88, 428; 546; in Ind., 614; in Kas., 640; in Boston, 706; in Minn., 772.

Fox, Hattie E., 222.

Francis, Mary C., 245.

Franklin, Benjamin, on suff., 66.

Fray, Ellen Sully, 173.

Frear, Associate Justice W. F. (Hawaii), 347.

Fredericksen, Kirstine (Denm'k), 711.

French, St. Supt. Pub. Instruct. Permeal (Ida.), 594.

Friedland, Sofja Levovna (Russia), 364.

Fuller, Gov. Levi K. (Vt), 959.

Fyler, Lizzie Dorman, 19; 475.

G

Gaffney, Fannie Humphreys, 396.

Gage, Frances Dana, 61; 294; mem. serv., 409-10; trib. of Clara Barton, 429; 614.

Gage, Gov. Henry T. (Cal.), 486; 506.

Gage, Matilda Joslyn, work on Hist, of Wom. Suff., III; sells rights in, VI; VII; 27; feminine in science, 28; 57; wom. suff. under U. S. constn., 118; 126; 136; 152; 163; mem. res., 345; in Dak., 552; work in N. Y., 839 et al.; test case for sch. suff., 867; in Va., 964.

Gallé, Margarethe, 301.

Gallinger, U. S. Sen. Jacob H., wom. suff. in N.H., 815.

Gamble, U. S. Sen. Robert J., for wom. suff., 559.

Gardiner, Helen H., 146; 263; 715.

Garfield, President James A., 295; on wom. suff., 1075.

Garrett, Mary E., endows Johns Hopkins Med. Coll., 700.

Garrison, Ellen Wright (Mrs. Wm. Lloyd, Jr.), 298.

Garrison, Wm. Lloyd, Sr., 23; first wom. rights petit., 720.

Garrison, Wm. Lloyd, Jr., 61; 164; 174; at conv. of '91, 183; before U. S. Senate com. in '98, 305; poem to Miss Anthony, 395; 433; work in Mass., 705 et al.; 712; in R. I., 907-8.

Gates, George A., pres. Iowa Coll., 276; for wom. suff., 629.

Gates, Merrill E., pres. Amherst Coll., 709.

Gates, Susa Young, 956.

George, Mrs. A. J., opposes wom. suff., 382; same, 741.

George, U. S. Sen. J.Z., 194; rep. against wom. suff., 201.

Georgia, names for, Chap. XXXV.

Gibbons, Abby Hopper, 207; 435; work for police matrons, 856; 1055.

Gibbons, Cardinal, opp. wom. suff., 367.

Giddings, Joshua R., 614.

Giddings, Mrs. W. D., 322.

Gifford, Prof. Jennie, 235.

Gillett, Emma M., 571; 574.

Gladstone, Wm. Ewart, 1016.

Gleed, J. W., 318.

Glenesk, Lord (Eng.), for wom. suff., 1016.

Goddard, Mary Catharine, early woman editor, 695.

Goggin, Catharine, 611.

Goldstein, Vida (Australia), 1031.

Gompers, Samuel, 184; letter approv. wom. suff., 334.

Goodnight, Isaac H., M. C., 235.

Goodrich, Sarah Knox, work in Cal., 478 et al.

Gordon, Anna, 304.

Gordon, Kate M., 360; writes La. chap., 678; work in Sewerage and Drainage League, 682.

Gordon, Laura de Force, 57; 60; 150; work in Calif., 478 et al.

Goss, Josephine Ahnafeldt, 324.

Gottheil, Rabbi Gustave, 840; 850.

Gougar, Helen M., wom. before the law, 18; plan of work, 26; before U. S. Senate Com., 37; wom. suff. and Bible, 75; 77; before House Com., 80; 150; in Col., 520; in Ills., 599; work in Ind., 615 et al.; test case for suff., 621; in Iowa, 628; in Kas., 638 et al.; in Mass., 705; in Mich., 756; in N. Y., 839.

Gould, Helen, 340.

Grannis, Elizabeth B., 1055.

Grant, President Ulysses S., first to appoint wom. postmasters, 462.

Grant, Mrs. Ulysses S., 262; 291.

Gray, Almeda B., 75; in Cal., 500; work in Wis., 990 et al.

Gray, St. Rep. Robert S., 714.

Great Britain and Colonies, names for, Chap. LXXIII.

Greene, Dr. Cordelia, donation to Hist. of Wom. Suff., VII.

Greene, Chief Justice Roger S., 407; 412; 422; work in Wash., 967; wom. on juries, 1097.

Greenhalge, Gov. Frederick T. (Mass.), 275; on wom. suff. plat., 713; recom. wom. suff. in message, 715; 718; again recom., 729.

Greenleaf, Jean Brooks, before U. S. Sen. Com., 196; 220; at conv. of '94, 221; 224; rep. at conv. of '95, 247; assists on N. Y. chap., 839; work in N. Y., 844 et al.; 849.

Greenwood, Grace (Sara J. Lippincott), 231; 257; 364.

Gregg, Laura A., 337; in S. D., 557; in Del., 564; in Iowa, 632; in Kas., 648; in Md., 697; in Minn., 774; in Neb., 804; in O., 879; in Ok., 886-7; in Penn., 899.

Grenfell, St. Supt. Pub. Instruct. Helen M. (Col.), 523; 524.

Grew, Mary, 275; 295; 423; 426; 712; work in Penn., 898.

Griffin, Frances A., evolut. of South. wom., 335; at conv. of '99, 341; in Ala., 465-6; in Ark., 475; in Ga., 583; in La., 681; in Tenn., 926-7.

Griffing, Josephine S., 295.

Grimké, Angelina (_See_ Weld).

Gripenberg, Baroness Alexandra (Finland), at Int'l Council, 139; 301; in Mass., 705; in N. Y., 841.

Groesbeck, Chief Justice H. V. S., 719; wom. suff. in Wy., 1092.

Gross, Emily M., 395; 612.

Groth, Sophia Magelsson (Norway), 136.

Guild, Mrs. Charles E., anti-suff., 716.

Gullen. Dr. Augusta Stowe (Canada), 301.

Gustafson, Zadel Barnes (Eng.), 135; in N. Y., 841.

H

Hackney, Chief Justice Leonard J. (Ind.), decis. on wom. suff. and wom. lawyers, 623.

Haggart, Mary E., at conv. of '84, 19; before House com., 45; 75; 411; 425; work in Ind., 614; in Kas., 640; in Wis., 986.

Hale, Horace M., pres. State Univ., wom. suff. in Col., 1087.

Hale, Gen. Irving, wom. suff. in Col., 1087.

Hale, Gov. William, wom. suff. in Wy., 1090.

Haley, Margaret A., 611.

Hall, Florence Howe, farce on wom, suff., 362; in Mass., 718; writes N. J. chap., 820; work in N. J., 822 et al.; in R. I., 920.

Hall, Sir John, M. P., bill for wom. suff. in N. Z., 1026; 1034.

Hall, Olivia B., 219; in Mich., 758.

Hamilton, Alexander, 407.

Hamilton, Emerine J., 174.

Hamilton, Bishop J. W., 260; 725-6.

Hamlin, Vice-President Hannibal, for wom. suff., 1075.

Hammond, Hon. Henry C., 244.

Hanaford, Rev. Phebe A., at conv. of '84, 19; 61; at Int'l Council, 128; in N. J., 827.

Haney, Mrs. C. S. Burnett, writes Fla. chap., 577-8.

Hansbrough, U. S. Sen. Henry C, for wom. suff., 546.

Harbert, Elizabeth Boynton, at conv. of '84, 17; 24; before U. S. Sen. Com., 39; 115; 164; 176; 407; work in Ills., 598; for World's Fair, 610; in N. Y., 839; in Wis., 989; 991.

Harlan, St. Sen. A. D., 423.

Harlan, Associate Justice John Marshall, 10.

Harper, Frances E. W., 425.

Harper, Ida Husted, Miss Anthony asks to write Vol. IV, Hist, of Wom. Suff., VII; preface, IX; Author of Life and Work of Susan B. Anthony, 2; resolutions at conv. of '98, 290; 291; dept. in N. Y. _Sun_, 326; at conv. of 1900, 357; prepares Congress'l. rep., 366; 482; 487; 488; work in Calif, campn.,490; work in Ind., 615 et al.; monograph on work of Ind. wom., 624; at Adams, 719.

Harper, Winnifred (Cooley), 490.

Harrah, Rev. C. C., 612.

Harrison, President Benjamin, 436.

Harrison, Mrs. Benjamin, receives Nat'l Council of Wom., 183.

Harrison, Mayor Carter, 608.

Harrison, Ella, 632; 783; 791.

Haskell, Asst. Atty.-Gen. Ella Knowles, at conv. of '96, 262; 297; in N. D., 547; work in Mont., 797 et al.

Hatch, Lavina Allen, 157; 235; at conv. of '95, 240; 263; writes chap., for Hist., 750; work in Mass., 752 et al.

Havens, Ruth C. D., girl of the future, 209; in Md., 697; in Va., 964.

Haviland, Laura P., 344.

Hawthorne, Rev. Dr., 237.

Hay, Mary G., 365; 444; in Ariz., 472; in Cal., 482 et al.; in Col., 530; in S. D., 559; in Del., 563; in Ills., 599; in Iowa, 632-4; in Ky., 667; in La., 680; in Miss., 784; in Neb., 804; in N. M., 836; in N. Y., 849; in O., 880; in Ok., 887; in Penn., 900; in Tenn., 927; in Utah, 949; in Wash., 976; in W. Va., 980.

Hayes, Prof. Ellen, 717.

Hayes, President Rutherford B., favors wom. suff., 1075.

Hayes, Mrs. Rutherford B., rec. Utah delegates, 937.

Hays, Atty.-Gen. S. H., wom. suff. in Idaho, 1088.

Hayward, Mary Smith, writes Neb. chap., 802; work in Neb., 803 et al.

Hazlett, Ida Crouch, in Cal., 487; in Neb., 803; in Ore., 895.

Hearst, Phoebe A., 506; endowment to Cal. Univers., 508.

Heartz, St. Rep. Evangeline (Col.), 522; 524; work in Legis., 526.

Hedenberg, J. W., 184.

Helmer, Bessie Bradwell, 609.

Hemiup, Judge Norton H., 414.

Hemphill, St. Sen. Robert R., at conv. of '95, 242; in S. C. Legis., 923.

Hemphill, Mrs. W. A., 251.

Henderson, Mary Foote (Mrs. John B.), 366; presents portrait of Miss Anthony to Corcoran Gallery, 405; 569.

Henderson, Prof. L. F., on wom. suff. in Idaho, 595.

Henrotin, Ellen M., 183; work at World's Fair, 609.

Henry, Josephine K., at conv. of '91, 179; 224; trib. to Lucy Stone, 226; 240; southern wom., wants ballot, 244; legis. rep. 248; on wom., and electricity, 249; epigrams, 340; work in Ky., 668 et al.; in Tenn., 927.

Hepburn, W. P., M. C., 84.

Hereford, Rev. Brooke, 413; opp. wom. suff., 722.

Herring, Atty.-Gen. William (Ariz.), 470.

Hewitt, Hon. Abram S., opp. wom. suff., 857.

Higginson, Col. Thomas Wentworth, sp. at Amer. conv. of '87, 423; in Mass., 706 et al.; 712; on anti-suffragists, 716; petit. for wom. suff. in '53, 720; in R. I., 908.

Hildreth, Ellen Stephens, writes Ala. chap., work in Ala., 465 et al.

Hill, U. S. Sen. David B., 235; recom. wom. delegates, 847.

Hill, Eliza Trask, 746 et al.

Hinckley, Rev. Frederick A., 163; 174; husband and wife one, 180; on divorce, 297; in Mass., 705; same, 726; work in R. I., 908 et al.

Hindman, Matilda, 61-2; 426; in Col., 509; in S. D., 555; in Penn., 899; in Wash., 970.

Hirschler, Diana, at conv. of 1900, 362; on Miss Anthony's birthday, 398; in Del., 564; in Me., 690; in Vt., 957.

Hitt, Robert R., M.C., 347.

Hoar, U. S. Sen. George R., 12; 108; spks. in Sen. for wom. suff., 109; 164; report in favor, greeted by women, 201; 235; 267; letter to conv. of '88, 428; 433; assists wom. suff. in Mass., 704 et al.; 1003.

Hodges, Rev. Dean, 717.

Hoffman, Clara C., in S. D., 558; in Kas., 642; in La., 679; work in Mo., 790 et al.; in N. J., 820.

Hooker, Isabella Beecher, const'l rights of wom., 115; 117; on N. Y. Centen., 144; 156; 157; 163; at conv. of '90, 169; of '91, 179; before U. S. Sen. com. of '92, 189; respect of children, 194; at conv. of '98, 296; 298; in 1900, 358; work in Conn., 535 et al.; in Boston, 705; 937.

Holley, St. Rep. Carrie C., in Col. Legis., 239; 240; 521.

Hollister, Lillian M., 256; trib. to Miss Anthony, 398.

Holly, Myron, 204-5.

Holly, Sally, 204-5; 227.

Holmes, Mary E., writes Ills., chap., work in Ills., 598 et al.

Holt, Gov. Thomas M. (N. C.), opp. wom. suff., 212.

Holt, Judge William H., trib. to worn, in business, 676.

Holt, Gov. Thomas M., opp. wom. suff., 212.

Hopper, Isaac T., 207; 1055.

Home, St. Rep. Alice Merrill, work in Utah Legis., 954.

Horton, Chief Justice Albert H. (Kas.), 433.

Hosmer, Harriet, 164; 795.

Howard, H. Augusta, 201; 235; entertains nat'l conv., 237; 242; work in Ga., 581 et al.

Howe, Chief Justice J. H. (Wy.), wom. on juries, 1008.

Howe, Julia Ward, 136; sp. at Int'l. Council, 140; chivalry of reform, 170, 173; 179; trib. to Lucy Stone, 225; conv. of '94, 229; 362; at Amer. conv. of '85, 411; same, 414; at conv. of '86, 419; 423; of '87, 426; bazar in Boston, 427; conv. of '88, 428; appeal to Constit'l. Convs., 432; 546; in Kas., 640; 678; in Maine, 689; in Baltimore, 695; pres. N. E. and Mass. Ass'ns, 701; work in Mass., 702 et al.; 712; 720; in Minn., 772; in N. J., 821; in N. Y., 842; in R. I., 908 et al.; in Vt., 957; in Wis., 986.

Howell, Mary Seymour, at conv. of '84, 17; before U. S. Sen. Com., 39; wom. present and past, 116; 149; 169; the woman's war, 231; at conv. of '98, 293; 358; 536; in S. D. campn., 555; in Kas., 642; in Boston, 706; in Mo., 790; work in N. Y., 839 et al.; legis. work, 853.

Howells, William Dean, signs suff. petit., 850.

Howland, Emily, 848.

Howland, Isabel, 851.

Hoyt, Gov. John W, 569; in N. Y., 840; wom. suff. in Wy., 1090.

Hoyt, Mrs. John W., 569.

Hubbell, Mr. and Mrs. F. M., 270.

Hubner, Major Charles H., 242.

Hudson, Major J. K., 417; at Amer. conv. of '86, 418.

Hughes, Hon. James L., at conv. of '94, 231; in Mass., 715.

Hughes, Gov. L. C., work in Ariz., 470 et al.

Hughes, Mrs. L. C., assists on Ariz, chap., work in Ty., 470 et al.

Hughes, Thomas (Eng.), 321.

Hultin, Rev. Ida C., at conv. of '91, 175; 179; 184; of '94, 232; 235; sp. at conv. of '97, 284; of 1900, 359; 361; on Miss Anthony's birthday, 397; in Ills., 599; in Mich., 758; in Minn., 774; in Neb., 804.

Humphrey, St. Sen. Lester H., for wom. suff. in N. Y. Legis., 862-3.

Humphrey, Gov. Lyman U. (Kas.), 433; 652; 762.

Hunt, Gov. Frank W., wom. on juries, 596; wom. suff. in Idaho, 1088.

Hunt, Dr. Harriot K., 295; in '58, 721; first wom. phys., 748.

Hunt, Jane, 294.

Hunt, Mary H., in Ga., 585; in N. Y., 859; on "age of consent," 866.

Hunt, Assoc. Justice Ward, sentences Miss Anthony for voting, 153.

Hunting, Rev. S. S., 411; 425.

Huntington, Arria S., 843.

Hurd, Dr. Ethel E., 367; 772; work in Minn., 774 et al.

Husted, St. Sp'k'r. James W. (N. Y.), favors wom. suff., 853 et al.

Huston, Sup. Judge Joseph W. (Idaho), decis. on wom. suff. amdt., 593.

Hussey, Cornelia Collins, 417; work for wom. suff., 820; contributions, 827 et al.

Hussey, Dr. Mary D., writes N. J. chap., 820; work in N. J., 824 et al.; forms wom. lawyers' club, 833.

Hutchinson, Abby (See Patton).

Hutchinson, John W., 75; conv. of '98, 298; sings at Miss Anthony's birthday, 396; in Mass., 705.

I

Idaho, names for, Chap. XXXVI.

Ide, U. S. Com. Henry C, 960.

Illinois, names for, Chap. XXXVII.

Indiana, names for, Chap. XXXVIII.

Ingalls, U. S. Sen. John J., opp. wom. suff., 641.

Ingersoll, Robert J., signs suff. petit., 850.

Iowa, names for, Chap. XXXIX.

J

Jackson, Francis, 227.

Jackson, Dr. James C., 205; 259.

Jackson, Lottie Wilson, 343.

Jackson, Dr. Mary B., 295.

Jacobi, Dr. Mary Putnam, in Boston, 715; in N. Y. camp'n., 850 et al.

Jacobs, Judge Orange J., in Wash., 969; 976; 1096.

James, Helen Mosher, 391; 900.

Jenkins, Helen Philleo, 298; on wom. in Philippines, 331; work in Mich., 756 et al.

Jenkins, Theresa A., 253; in Col., 516; part in Wy. celebration, 1004-5.

Jenney, Julie R., 255.

Jennings, Gov. William S. (Fla.), 579.

Johns, Laura M., 149; 156; 164; 174; on work in Kas., 220; at conv. of '94, 221; 224; 248; 263; in Idaho, 284; conv. of 1900, 367; work in Ariz., 470-1; 513; in N. D., 546; in S. D. camp'n., 555; in Idaho camp'n., 591; in Iowa, 631; assists on Kas. chap., 638; work in Kas., 639 et al.; suggests yellow ribbon suff. badge, 640; describes Mrs. Diggs' sp., 646; legis. work, 650; in Boston, 706; 762; in Minn., 773; in Mo., 790-1; in N. M., 835; in Ok., 887.

Johnson, Addie M., 632; writes Mo. chap., 790; work in Mo., 791 et al.

Johnson, Adelaide, 216.

Johnson, Martin N., M. C., 189; 546.

Johnson, Mrs. Rossiter, opposes wom. suff., 382; 863.

Jones, J. Elizabeth, 275.

Jones, U. S. Sen. James K., III; opp. wom. suff., 1002.

Jones, Jenkyn Lloyd, 705.

Jones, Gov. John P. (Nev.), recom. wom. suff. amd't, 813.

Jones, Mrs. W. H., polit. del., 439.

Jordan, David Starr, pres. Stanford Univ., 480; for wom. suff., 483.

Julian, George W., M. C., 23; for wom. suff., 614.

Julian, Laura Giddings, 61; 410.

K

Kansas, names for, Chap. XL.

Kearney, Belle, at conv. of '98, 293; in Miss., 789; in N. C., 874.

Keating, Martha A., 324.

Keefer, Bessie Starr (Canada), 136; 140.

Keifer, J. Warren, M. C., 31; sp. for wom. suff., 32.

Keith, Mrs. William A., 479 et al.

Kelley, Florence, 23; working wom. need ballot, 311; secures factory inspec. law, 604; 608.

Kelley, William D., M. C., spks. at suff. conv., 147; 174.

Kellogg, Atty.-Gen. L. B. (Kas.), 433; 656; 762.

Kelly, Abby (_See_ Foster).

Kelsey, Mary Atwater, 323.

Kelsey, St. Rep. Otto, for wom. suff. in N. Y. Legis., 860 et seq.

Kent, Rev. Alexander, wom. and Hebrew scriptures, 146.

Kentucky, names for, Chap. XLI.

Kepley, Ada H., first wom. law grad., 610.

Ketcham, Emily B., 235; conv. of '99, 322-3; work in Mich., 755 et al.

Keyser, Harriette A., 256; 263.

Kilgore, Carrie Burnham, contest for right to prac. law in Penn., 904.

Kimball, Flora M., 345; work in Cal., 496.

Kimball, Sarah M., 345.

Kimber, Helen L., 644 et al.; 774.

King, Henrietta, largest cattle owner, 934.

King, William H., M. C., 941.

Kingman, Judge John W., wom. suff. in Wy., 1092.

Kingsbury, Elizabeth A., 494.

Klock, St. Rep. Frances S. (Col.), 521

Knox, Dr. Janette Hill, writes chap. for N. D., 544; 551.

Knaggs, May Stocking, at conv. of '96, 255; of '99, 324; writes Mich. chap., 755; work in Mich., 756 et al.

Kollock, Rev. Florence (_See_ Crooker).

Korany, Hanna (Syria), 221; 228.

Krog, Gina (Norway), 1041.

Krout, Mary H., 613.

Kyle, U. S. Sen. James H., for wom. suff., 559.

L

Lake, Leonora M. Barry, 164; 509; 516.

Lamar, Gov. W. B. (Fla.), 578.

Langford, Sup. Judge Wm. G. (Wash.), 1098.

Langhorne, Orra, old-time South. wom., 212; 228; work in Va., 964.

Lapham, U. S. Sen. Elbridge G., 12; 36; rep. in favor of wom. suff., 47; 89; 174.

Laughlin, Gail, wage-earning wom., 360; 361; 739.

Lauterbach, Hon. Edward, sp. for wom. suff., 852.

Lawrence, Margaret Stanton, 163.

Leach, Antoinette D., suit to practice law in Ind., 626.

Lease, Mary E., 617; 657.

Le Barthe, St. Rep. Eurithe (Utah), 953.

Lee, St. Rep. Frances S. (Col.), 523.

Leedy, Gov. John W. (Kas.), 657.

Leggett, Lucy A., 323.

Leonard, Clara T., 107; 721.

Leonard, Emily J., 410.

Levanway, Dr. Charlotte, 345.

Lewelling, Gov. L. D. (Kas.), opp. wom. suff., 645; 657.

Lewis, Helen Morris, 263; 696; in S. C., 922.

Lewis, Hon. Isaac C., 536.

Lincoln, President Abraham, 305; favors wom. suff., 1075.

Lincoln, Judge Charles Z., 858; 864.

Lind, Gov. John (Minn.), 780.

Lindhagen, Carl, 301.

Lindsay, U. S. Sen. William, woman's property bill in Ky., 668.

Lippincott, Chancellor J. A., 423.

Lippincott, Sara J. (_See_ Greenwood).

Livermore, Rev. Danled P., 701 et al.

Livermore, Mary A., 407; 408; 410; 411; let. to Amer. conv. of '85, 412; 426; 427; appeal to Constitl. Convs., 432; 517; in Maine, 689; work in Mass., 704 et al.; 712; golden wed., 715; made LL. D., 717; Sanit. Com., 719; 80th birthday, 720; 732; on mock referendum, 734; in N. J., 821; in R. I., 910; 920; in Vt., 957; in Wis., 985; same, 986; same, 989.

Locke, Josephine E., 927.

Lockwood, Belva A., 18; admit, to Sup. Ct., 33; 75; wom. journalists, 343; 569; 571; 575; 640; spks. for Utah wom., 939.

Lockwood, Mary S., wom. at Columb. Expos., 211; 254; 569; 575.

Logan, Mrs. John A., 164.

Logan, Millie Burtis, 298.

Long, Secy, of the Navy John D., 346; assists suff. work in Mass., 707 et al.; 727.

Longfellow, Rev. Samuel G., 703.

Longley, Margaret V., 494.

Longshore, Dr. Hannah Myers, 905.

Longshore, Dr. Joseph S., work for Wom. Med. Coll. in Phila., 905.

Lord, Gov. and Mrs. William P. (Ore.), on suff. platform, 891.

Lore, Chief Justice Charles B. (Del.), 565.

Lorimer, George G., D. D., 718.

Louisiana, names for, Chap. XLII.

Love, Alfred H., 300.

Low, Mayor Seth, 872.

Lowell, Francis C., pres. anti-suff. ass'n., 735.

Lowell, Josephine Shaw, 850; 856.

Lozier, Dr. Abram W., 259.

Lozier, Dr. Clemence S., 16; 146; 295; work in N. Y., 840 et al.

Lucas, Margaret Bright (Eng.), 22; 124; 174; 423.

Lucas, W. B., M. C., 559.

Luce, Gov. Cyrus G. (Mich.), 756.

Lusk, Hon. Hugh H. (N. Z.), 719.

Lux, Miranda, donat. to educat., 507.

Lyne, Sir William, Premier N. S. W., for wom. suff., 1030.

Lynes, J. Colton, 244.

Lyon, Mary, 320; 355.

M

MacDonald, Sir John, Premier of Canada, bill for wom. suff., 1034.

Machen, August W., 297.

Macomber, Mattie Locke, 271.

Maddox, Etta, obtains right for wom. to prac. law in Md., 700.

Madison, Pres. James, on Fed. Suff., 7; same, 8; a vote necessary, 66.

Maguire, James G., M. C., 480; 489.

Maine, names for, Chap. XLIII.

Marble, Ella M. S., 157; 176; 201; in Dak., 546; in N. M., 835.

Marsh, Annie McLean, 430.

Marshall, Dean Clara, M. D., 296; 904.

Marshall, Marie (Paris), 711.

Martin, E. W., M. C., 559.

Martin, Ellen A., 600; 604; 609.

Martin, Gov. John A. (Kas.), signs munic. wom. suff. bill, 651.

Martin, Juliet N., 417.

Maryland, names for, Chap. XLIV.

Mason, Evaleen L., 201.

Mason, Prof. Otis T., 328; 331.

Massachusetts, names for, Chap. XLV.

Massachusetts Nat'l., names for, 750.

Maxwell, Claudia Howard, 235; entertains nat'l. conv., 237; 581; 582.

May, Abby W., 146.

May, Rev. Samuel J., 227; 702.

Maybury, William C., M. C., rep. against wom. suff., 47.

Maynard, Rev. Mila Tupper (_See_ Tupper).

McAdam, Chief Justice, right of wom. to hold office in N. Y., 1095.

McAdow, Clara L., 554; work in Mont., 797.

McCall, Samuel Walker, M. C., 712.

McClintock, Mary Ann, 288.

McCoid, Moses A., M. C., rep. in favor of wom. suff., 52.

McComas, Alice Moore, 480; in Ore., 893; writes S. Calif, chap., 494; 495; 497.

McConnell, Amanda, 174.

McConnelly, Mary A., 323.

McCulloch, Catharine Waugh, 276; 297; before House com. of 1900, 378; 393; 443; 598; work in Ills. Legis., 602; same, 603; for trustees St. Univ., 606, 607; 616; 630; 696; in Wis., 989.

McCulloch, Sec. of the Treasury Hugh, 259.

McDiarmid, Clara A., 475.

McDonald, Eva (Mrs. Valesh), 782.

McGlynn, Dr. Edward, spks. for wom. suff., 843.

McKinley, President William, appoints wom. com'r. to Paris Expos., 367; courtesy to suff. ass'n and Miss Anthony, 384; 570; 1010.

McKinley, Mrs. William, 384.

McLaren, Priscilla Bright, wom. suff. in Eng. and America, 22; for Int'l. Council, 124; 135; 301; 366.

McLean, Mrs. John R., 262; luncheon for Miss Anthony, 291.

McLendon, Mary L., welcomes nat'l. conv., 242; writes Ga. chap., 581; 583.

McMillan, U. S. Sen. James, 571; 572.

McPherson, Mary E., 59.

McQuaid, Bishop, for wom. suff., 366.

McSherry, Justice C. J. (Md.), denies right of wom. to prac. law, 700.

McVicar, Mayor John, 270.

Mead, Elizabeth Storrs, pres. Mt. Holyoke Coll., 709.

Mellette, Gov. Arthur C. (S. D.), 559.

Mendenhall, Dinah, 174.

Meredith, Ellis, 222; 235; writes Colo. chap., 509; 513 et al.; in N. J., 825; in Utah, 947.

Meredith, Emily R., writes Colo. chap., 509.

Meriwether, Elizabeth Avery, 72; 76; 79.

Meriwether, Lee, 72.

Meriwether, Lida A., 182; 187; sp. before U. S. Senate com., 195; 242; 247; 475; in Mich., 757; writes Tenn. chap., work in Tenn., 926 et al.

Merrick, Caroline E., 61; 81; 140; sp. at conv. of '95, 243; work in La., 678 et al.

Merrick, Chief Justice Edwin T. (La.), 275; 678.

Merrill, Estelle M. H., 710.

Merritt, Dr. Salome, 730; 750.

Michigan, names for, Chap. XLVI.

Mill, John Stuart, 26; 1019.

Miller, Annie Jenness, 615; 854.

Miller, Caroline Hallowell, sp. at conv. of '84, 20; 72; 114; 147; 187; 263; 296; 391; work in Md., 695.

Miller, Elizabeth Smith, 435; 844; 861.

Mills, C. D. B., 847.

Mills, Harriet May, 215; 265; sp. on educat'l freedom, 354; in Cal., 487; in Mich., 750; work in N. Y., 847 et al.; in O., 880.

Minnesota, names for, Chap. XLVII.

Minor, Francis, wom. suff. under 14th amend., 3; before U. S. Sup. Ct., 5; on Fed. Suff., 6; 204.

Minor, Virginia L., vote, trial and decision, 5; Sup. Ct. reference to same, 9; 17; right of women to vote under Const'n., 78; 152; 153; 156; 157; 162; 250; 295; work in Mo., 790 et al.

Mississippi, names for, Chap. XLVIII.

Missouri, names for, Chap. XLIX.

Mitchell, U. S. Sen. John A., rep. for wom. suff., 12.

Mitchell, Lucretia, 235.

Mitchell, Maria, 174.

Montana, names for, Chap. L.

Moore, Rev. Henrietta G., 558; 563; 632; 696; in O., 879; in W. Va., 980.

Moore, Laura, writes Vt. chap., work in Vt., 957 et al.

Moore, Margaret (Ireland), 135; 703; in N. Y., 840.

Moore, Rebecca (Eng.), 705.

Morgan, U. S. Sen. John T., 347; advises wom. taxpayers' suff., 468; opp. wom. suff. in Wy., 1001, 1002; favors taxpayers' suff. in Ala., 1002.

Morgan, Sup. Judge John T. (Idaho), decis. on wom. suff. amdt., 593.

Morris, Judge Esther, first wom. justice of peace, 994; presents flag to Wy., 1004.

Morris, Gov. Luzon B. (N. J.), 537.

Morris, Hon. Robert C., assists on Wy. chap., 994.

Morrison, Frank, 359.

Morrison, Mrs. (L. A.), 19.

Morrow, Lena, 337; 792; in Ore., 895.

Morse, Elijah, M. C., 718.

Mosher, Prof. Frances Stewart, 293.

Mott, James, 299.

Mott, Lucretia, 133; 205; 227; truth for authority, 260; 264; 288; 294; 295; 299.

Murdock, Mrs. W. A., 1069.

Murphy, Claudia Quigley, 219.

Murphy, Eliza, 275.

Murphy, Gov. N. O. (Ariz.), recommends wom. suff., 472.

Mussey, Dean Ellen Spencer, 569; 574; 575.

N

Names of eminent persons in favor of wom. suff., beginning 1075.

Nebraska, names for, Chap. LI.

Neblett, A. Viola, 289; 922.

Nelson, Julia Ballard, 74; 77; financial side of wom. suff., 79; 547; in S. D. campn., 555; writes Minn. chap., work in St., 772 et al.; legis. work, 775; in Neb., 803; in N. M., 835; in Ok., 886.

Nevada, names for, Chap. LII.

New Hampshire, names for, Chap. LIII.

New Jersey, names for, Chap. LIV.

New Mexico, names for, Chap. LV.

New York, names for, Chap. LVI.

New South Wales, names for, 1029.

New Zealand, names for, 1025.

Newcomb, Josephine Louise, endows college in La., 688.

Newell, Gov. William A. (Wash.), 967.

Newman, Bishop John P., in fav. of wom. suff., opens conv., 112.

Newton, Rev. Heber, signs suff. petit., 850.

Neymann, Clara, German and Amer. independence, 73; 77; before House Com., 81; 117; 187; 298; in Md., 695; in N. Y., 840.

Nichol, Elizabeth Pease (Scot.), 22.

Nichols, Clarina I. Howard, 61; 294.

Nixon, St. Spkr. F. S., N. Y., 846; 858; 863.

Nordhoff, Charles, 164.

North Carolina, names for, Chap. LVII.

Nozaleda, Archbishop, 348.

Nye, Edgar Wilson (Bill Nye), in favor of wom. suff., 1006.

O

Oates, William C., M. C., opp. wom. suff., 999.

Obenchain, Lida Calvert, 927.

Obermann, Mr., pres. Brewers' Ass'n., 448.

Odell, Gov. Benjamin F. (N. Y.), for wom. taxpayers' suff., 862; 864.

Ohio, names for, Chap. LVIII.

Oklahoma, names for, Chap. LIX.

Oliver, Rev. Anna, 23; trib. of Miss Shaw, 206; 207.

Oregon, names for, Chap. LX.

Osborne, Eliza Wright, 298; 342; 842.

Otis, James, 66, on virtual represent.

Otis, Mrs. John G., 220.

Owen, Robert Dale, 619.

Owen, Rosamond Dale, 23.

P

Palmer, Bertha Honoré, 184; 367; at Paris Expos., 608; at Columb. Expos., 609.

Palmer, Fanny Purdy. 711; 917; 918.

Palmer, U. S. Sen. Thomas W., 12; rep. in favor of wom. suff., 47; Senate sp. in favor, 62; 127; 164; 366; 554; in Mich., 755; 756; ad. Mich. suff. conv., 758, 762.

Pardee, Lillie, 948-9.

Parker, Frances Stuart, 174.

Parker, Margaret E. (Eng.), for Int'l. Council, 124; 840.

Parker, Theodore, 720.

Parkes, Sir Henry, Premier N. S. W., bill for wom. suff., 1029; 1030.

Parkman, Francis, 413; opp. wom. suff., 721.

Parnell, Delia Stewart, in N. Y., 840.

Parrott, Lieut.-Gov. (Iowa), 279.

Passmore, Elizabeth B., 366; 900.

Patterson, Katherine A. G. (Mrs. Thomas M.), 515 et al.

Patterson, U. S. Sen. Thomas M., 522; 525; wom. suff. in Col., 1088.

Patton, Abby Hutchinson, 203.

Patton, St. Supt. Pub. Instruct. Grace Espy (Col.), 293.

Paul, A. Emmagene, wom. in street-cleaning dept., 364; 608.

Payne, U. S. Sen. Henry B., 1002.

Peavy, St. Supt. Pub. Instruct. Antoinette J. (Col.), 521.

Peelle, Stanton J., M. C., 426.

Peet, Mrs. B. Sturtevant, 484.

Peffer, U. S. Sen. William A., 231; in fav. of wom. suff., 267.

Pellew, George, 713.

Penn, Hannah, acting Gov. of Penn., 903.

Pennsylvania, names for, Chap. LXI.

Pepys, Samuel, why new gown for wife, 424.

Perkins, U. S. Sen. George C., 480; 495.

Perkins, Sarah M., 70; 150; in N. J., 820.

Pettigrew, U. S. Sen. Richard F., 554; 559.

Peabody, Elizabeth, 227.

Pearson, Mrs. (Eng.), 117.

Pence, Lafayette, M. C., 224.

Phelps, Eliz. Stuart (See Ward).

Philbrook, Mary, contest to practice law in N. J., 833.

Philleo, Prudence Crandall, 174.

Phillips, Elizabeth McClintock, 275.

Phillips, Wendell, notifies Miss Anthony of legacy, V; 15; 19; memorial res., 25; 207; 227; 345; 354; expediency, 381; 410; mem. serv. of Mass, ass'n., 702; 708; petit. for wom. suff. in '53, 720; same, 721.

Phillips, Mrs. Wendell, trib. to, 25.

Pickler, Alice M. A. (Mrs. J. A.), 173; 183; 235; 423; 544; writes S. D. chap., 552; 554.

Pickler, Major J. A., M. C., 75; 163; 174; 183; 189; on wom. suff. bill in S. D., 414; 423; efforts for wom. suff. in S. D., 543; 554.

Pierce, Gov. Gilbert A., 74; 414; 543.

Pike, Martha E., writes Wash. chap., 967; work in Wash., 976 et al.

Pillsbury, Mayor George A., 411.

Pillsbury, Parker, 276; conv. mem. res., 344; Mrs. Stanton's trib., 345; wom. suff. in N. H., 815.

Pingree, Gov. Hazen S. (Mich.), 765.

Platt, U. S. Sen. Orville H., on wom. suff., 1003.

Platt, U. S. Sen. Thomas C., favors wom. suff., 864.

Plumb, U. S. Sen. Preston B., for wom. suff., 111.

Poland, Luke P., M. C., report against wom. suff., 50; 958.

Pond, Cora Scott, 425; 427; work in Mass., 706 et al.; in R. I., 910.

Porter, Maria G., 275.

Post, Amalia B., 295; 942; work in Wy., 994; 1004.

Post, Amy, 174; 299.

Potter, Bishop Henry M., signs suff. petit., 850.

Powderly, Terence V., 164; 184.

Powell, Aaron M., in N. J., 820; mem. res., 826; 828; 843.

Preston, Dr. Ann, 295; founds Wom. Hosp. in Phila., 905.

Price, Prof. Ellen H. E., 318; 564.

Pruyn, Mrs. John V. L., organizes anti-suff. soc. 850.

Pugh, Sarah, 61; 294.

Purvis, Robert. 23; 136; 163; trib. of Mrs. Stanton, 345; in Penn., 900.

Putnam, Rev. Helen G., 555.

Q

Quarles, Sup. Judge Ralph, decis. on wom. suff. in Idaho, 1089.

Queensland, names for, 1032.

Quincy, St. Rep. Josiah, in Mass. Legis., 723.

Quinton, Amelia Stone, 1054.

R

Rainsford, Rev. W. S., 850.

Ralph, Julian, 363.

Ramabai, Pundita, 136; 321.

Ranney, A. A., M. C., rep. in favor of wom. suff., 84.

Rastall, Fannie H., 613; 641.

Reagan, U. S. Sen. John H., sp. against wom. suff., 31; 1000.

Reed, Charles Wesley, 488.

Reed, Kitty, 285.

Reed, Speaker Thomas B., rep. in favor of wom. suff., 52; 164; 710.

Reel, Estelle, wom. suff. in Wy., 301; Nat'l. Supt. Indian Sch., 1010.

Renkes, Flora Beadle, 338.

Rhode Island, names for, Chap. LXII.

Rhodes, Margaret Olive, writes Ok. chap., work in Ty., 886 et al.

Rhone, Leonard, 228.

Rich, Gov. John T. (Mich.), signs munic. suff. bill, 764.

Richards, Gov. De Forest (Wy.), advocates wom. suff., 1008.

Richards, Emily S., 262; 400; 593; assists on Utah chap., work in Utah, 936 et al.; 950.

Richards, Gov. and Mrs. William A. (Wy.), 1005.

Richer, Leon (France), 23.

Richey, Clara M., writes Iowa chap., 628; 632.

Ricker, Marilla M., in Calif., 478; in N. H., 816.

Riddle, Judge Albert G., sp. at conv. of '89, 144; trib. to Francis Minor and B. F. Butler, 204.

Ripley, Dr. Martha G., 417; work in Minn., 772 et al.

Ritchie, Anne Thackeray (Eng.), 1015.

Roach, U. S. Sen. W. N., 546.

Roberts, Brigham H. (Utah), opp. wom. suff., 946.

Robertson, J. M. (Eng.), 719.

Robinson, Emily, 294.

Robinson, Gov. George D. (Mass.), opp. wom. suff., 712.

Robinson, Harriet H., 26; 721; 750.

Robinson, Lelia J., LL. B., 454; legis. work in Mass., 722; 748.

Rockefeller, John D., signs suff. petit., 850.

Roe, St. Rep. Alfred S., 715; 732.

Rogers, Caroline Gilkey, 19; before U. S. Sen. com., 38; 57; 118; work in N. Y., 839 et al.

Rogers, Gov. John R. (Wash.), 973.

Rollit, Sir Albert, M. P., work for wom. suff., 1016.

Roosevelt, President Theodore, recom. wom. suff. to N. Y. Legis., 861; 1075.

Root, Martha Snyder, 6; 173; 183; work in Mich., 756 et al.

Root, Melvin A., 183; 337; work in Mich., 756 et al.; 757.

Rose, Ernestine L., 23; 70; 203; 227; 294.

Ross, Hon. John, 224.

Routt, Eliza F. (Mrs. John L.), 224; 515; 519.

Routt, Gov. John L., 212; 224.

Russell, Sarah A. (Mrs. Daniel L.), writes N. C. chap., 874.

Russell, Thomas, 382; opp. wom. suff. in Mass. Legis., 733.

Rutherford, Annie O. (Canada), 342.

S

Sadler, Gov. Reinhold (Nev.), recom. wom. suff. amdt., 813.

Sage, Russell, signs suff. petit., 850.

Salisbury, Marquis of, Premier of England, for wom. suff., 1020.

Sanborn, Frank B., 722.

Sanders, U. S. Sen. Wilbur F., 1001.

Sargent, U. S. Sen. Aaron A., 23; 366.

Sargent, Ellen Clark (Mrs. Aaron A.), 287; 366; assists on Calif. chap., 478; 481; 482; in Calif. camp'n., 487; test case for suff., 504.

Sargent, Dr. Elizabeth C., 135; 366; 487.

Sargent, George C., 504.

Sartoris, Nellie Grant, 262.

Sather, Jane Krom, donat. to Cal. Univers., 507.

Saunders, Charles R., sec'y. anti-suff. ass'n., 735; 737.

Saunders, Jessie Cassidy, 288; 369.

Savage, Rev. Minot J., 703.

Sawyer, U. S. Sen. Philetus, for wom. suff., 987.

Saxon, Elizabeth Lyle, sp. at conv. of '93, 187; 201; 243; 583; 640; work in La., 678; in Neb., 802; in Tenn., 926; in Utah, 940; in Wash., 970; in Wis., 989.

Sayers, Gov. Joseph D. (Texas), 934.

Scatcherd, Alice (Eng.), 124; 135; 140; 705; in N. Y., 841.

Schenck, Elizabeth T., 61.

Schofield, Martha, 923.

Schreiner, Olive, 146; 398; petit. for wom. suff., 1015.

Scott, Francis M., opp. wom. suff., 851.

Scott, Mrs. Francis M., organizes anti-suff. soc., 850.

Scully, Rev. Father Thomas, 717; 740.

Seddon, Hon. H. J., Premier N. Z., for wom. suff., 1027.

Seelye, L. Clark, pres. Smith Coll., opp. wom. suff., 722.

Segur, Rosa L., 219.

Selborne, Earl of, for wom. suff., 1016.

Semple, Gov. Eugene (Wash.), signs wom. suff. bill, 155; 968.

Severance, Caroline M., 501.

Severance, Sarah M., 484; 490.

Sewall, Harriet Winslow, 174.

Sewall, May Wright, call for conv. of '84, 15; sp. at same, 19; 27; equality of sexes, 36; 71; sp. at conv. of '86, 74; before House com., 81; 117; ex. com. rep., 122; arranges for Int'l. Council, 125; call for same, 126; permanent Council, 137; wom. in camp'n. of '88, 150; Miss Anthony's birthday, 163; 173; 175; World's Fair rep. and wom. suff., 232; 259; 293; sp. before Senate com. of '98, education and wom. suff., 307; at conv. of '99, true civilization, peace conf., 336; 337; at conv. of 1900, 364; 367; 387; greetings from Int'l. Council of Wom. on Miss Anthony's birthday, 397; at World's Fair Wom. Cong., 609; 610; work in Ind., 615; 616; 617; work for club-house in Indpls., 627; at Cotton Centennial, 679; at Adams, 718; in Mich., 759; in Omaha, 939; in Wis., 986; pres. Int'l. Council, 1045.

Sewall, Judge Samuel E., 146; 227; 721; work in Mass, for wom. suff., 722 et al.

Sewall, Theodore Lovett, mem. service, 259.

Seymour, Mary F., 127; 227.

Shafer, Helen A., pres. Wellesley Coll., 726.

Shafroth, John F., M. C., on wom. suff. in Col., 267; 303; 524.

Shafroth, Virginia Morrison (Mrs. John F.), trib. and gift on Miss Anthony's birthday, 400.

Shattuck, Harriette Robinson, 16; at conv. of '84, 21; before U. S. Sen. com., 36; 57; 59; 72; 76; 115; 149; 721; 750; in N. Y., 840.

Shaw, Rev. Anna Howard, sermon on Heavenly Vision, 128; 149; 156; 163; 170; 173; 174; on S. D. camp'n., 182; 185; 186; 188; 189; before U. S. Sen. com., 199; trib. to Mrs. R. W. Emerson and Rev. Anna Oliver, 205; 215; 219; 223; on wom. behind throne, 228; sermon at conv. of '94, 229; 233; 235; 239; logic and emotion of wom., 243; sermon at conv. of '95, 247; rep. of trip to Pacific Coast, 253; Miss Anthony's comment on, 254; trib. to Mrs. Dietrick, 259; 263; on Pres. Eliot, 266; 267; on Miss Anthony in Calif., 274; no millennium till wom. vote, 278; 279; 282; 288; 304; 305; at conv. of '99, pioneer women, men are women's product, 336; 337; 339; closes conv. of '99, 346; Miss Anthony and her right bower, 351; rep. as delegate to Int'l. Council of '99, 352; 354; sermon at conv. of 1900, 361; 373; closes hearing before House com. of 1900, 380; birthday present and response, 391; trib. on Miss Anthony's 80th birthday, 402; 417; 425; 427; 431; at Nat'l. Popu. conv. in '92, 437; 449; at Calif. Wom. Cong., 480; 482; 486; in Calif, camp'n., 487; 490; visits Denver, 530; in S. D. camp'n., 555; in Del., 564; in Ills., 599; in Ind., 616; in Ia., 632; 640; tour of Kas., 641; 642; in Kas. camp'n., 643; same, 644; 645; 646; in Ky., 666; in Maine, 689; in Md., 696; in Mass., 703 et al.; in Mich., 756; same, 757; in Ann Arbor, 758; 759; 760; before Mich. Legis., 764; in Minn., 773; in Mo., 790; 791; in Neb., 803; in N. J., 825; in Nev., 810; in N. Y., 841; debates wom. suff. with Dr. Buckley, 842; in N. Y. camp'n, 849; in Ohio, 879-80; in Ore., 893; in Penn., 899; in Utah, 947; in Vt., 957; in W. Va., 981; in Wis., 986; visits Wy., 1005.

Shaw, Helen Adelaide, 361; 719 et al.

Shaw, Pauline Agassiz (Mrs. Quincy A.), gives $1,000 to pub. Vol. IV, Hist. of Wom. Suff., VII.

Shaw, Gov. Leslie M. (Iowa), 636.

Sheehan, Lieut.-Gov. William F. (N. Y.), opp. wom. suff., 854; 855; 857.

Sheldon, Ellen H., 27; 126.

Sherman, U. S. Sen. John, 7.

Shippen, Rev. Rush R., 71; 117.

Shinn, Harriet A., 228.

Shortridge, Charles M., 487.

Shortridge, Hon. Samuel, 480.

Sidgwick, Mrs. Henry, principal Newnham Coll. (Eng.), petit. for wom. suff., 1015.

Simmons, Anna R., 558; 791.

Simpson, Jerry, M. C., 231.

Simpson, Bishop Matthew, for wom. suff., 24; 61; 410.

Skidmore, Marian, 259.

Sloss, Judge M. C. (Calif.), decis. on wom. suff., 504.

Smith, Alice, 235.

Smith, Mrs. Clinton, 575.

Smith, Elizabeth Oakes, 227.

Smith, Gerrit, 203; 227.

Smith, Hannah Whitall, 121.

Smith, Dr. Julia Holmes, at Nat'l. Dem. conv. of '96, 439; 606; 610.

Smith, Rev. Samuel G., 361.

Smith, Sara Winthrop, 6; 184; 201; 218; wom. suff. under Const'n., 234.

Smith, Mrs. William Alden, 322.

Snow, Eliza R., 1052.

Solomon, Hannah G., 1053.

Somerset, Lady Henry, 710; 714; 718.

South Carolina, names for, Chap. LXIII.

Southwick, Sarah Hussey, 275.

Southwick, Thankful, 227.

Southworth, Louisa, nat'l. enrollment, 137; 219; 240; donat. for hdqrs. 250; 257; 286; work in Ohio, 878 et al.; for W. C. T. U., 879.

Spaulding, Bishop, for wom. suff., 366.

Spence, Catherine (Australia), 221; 224; 730.

Spencer, Rev. Anna Garlin, 61; sp. at conv. of '91, 179; sp. before Senate com. of '98, moral develop. and wom. suff., 308; sp. at conv. of '99, wom. in our new possessions, 328; in Boston, 707; same, 712, in N. Y., 855; writes R. I. chap., 907; work in R. I., 908 et al.; 920.

Sperry, Mary S. (Mrs. Austin), work in Cal., 486 et al.

Spinner, U. S. Treasurer F. E., 123.

Spofford, Ainsworth R., 715.

Spofford, Charles W., 15; 188; hospitality to Miss Anthony, 366.

Spofford, Jane H. (Mrs. Charles W.), 15; 27; 126; 174; work for wom. suff., 188; hospitality to Miss Anthony, 366; 571; in Maine, 690.

Spreckles, Claus, community property case, 502.

Springer, William M., M. C., opp. wom. suff., 998.

Squire, Gov. Watson C. (Wash.), testimony for wom. suff., 155; 968.

St. John, Gov. John P. (Kas.), for wom. suff., 648.

Stafford, St. Rep. Wendell Phillips, 713; 959.

Stanford, Jane Lathrop (Mrs. Leland), 356; endows univers., 507.

Stanford, U. S. Sen. Leland, trib. to, 227; founds univers., 507; 554.

Stanton, Elizabeth Cady, ten yrs. work on Hist. of Wom. Suff., III; sells rights in Hist. to Miss Anthony, VI; mental vigor at 87, VII; tries to prevent "male" in Nat'l. Consti., 2; organizes Nat'l. Ass'n., 14; calls conv. of '84, 15; 21; 27; self-gov't. best means of self-development, 40; sp. at conv. of '85, 57; rights of wom. in church, 59; power of relig. over wom., 60; 70; res. on wom. suff. and church, 75; 112; ridicules rep. of Brown and Cockrell, 113; part in Int'l. Council of Wom., 124; sp. at same, 133; 136; 137; woman's constit'l. right to vote, 138; objects to thanking men for justice, 145; 150; prophecy fulfilled, 153; before U. S. Sen. com. of '90, 158; questioned by com., 161; 163; friendship for Miss Anthony, 164; great. sp. at conv. of '90, 165; 169; 174; degradation of disfranchm't, 176; last appearance at nat'l. conv., 186; Solitude of Self, 189; 205; trib. to dead, 227; 236; 80th birthday, 250; Woman's Bible, 263; Miss Anthony defends her, 264; House com. in '96, 268; 288; sp. at conv. of '98, our defeats and our triumphs, 291; 299; 304; before Senate com. of '98, history of ballot, 316; wom. are pariahs and fight their battles alone, 337; 342; trib. to Pillsbury and Purvis, 345; 353; 359; appeal to House com. of 1900, 376; long in office, 387; 402; 404; 415; first app. at polit. conv., 435; 443; 480; 517; woman's work at Centennial, 526; 715; in Minn., 772; in Mo., 790; in Neb., 802; pioneer work in N. Y., 839; 844; 846; 849; early legis. work in N. Y., 852; work for equal guardianship, 857; in Utah, 936; welcomes Utah wom., 937; in Wis., 985; ad. on Wy., 1004.

Stanton, Marguerite Berry (Mrs. Theodore), 27.

Stanton, Theodore, 23; 26.

Starrett, Helen Ekin, trib. to Lucy Stone, 407.

Stearns, Judge J. B., 774.

Stearns, Sarah Burger, in Calif., 501; 630; work in Minn., 774 et al.

Stebbins, Catharine A. F., 299; work in Mich., 760.

Stebbins, Giles B., in Mich., 760.

Stetson, Charlotte Perkins, at conv. of '96, 255; same, 258; 263; ballot and motherhood, 266; sp. at conv. of '97, 277; 479; 647; 648; in Boston, 717; in Penn., 899.

Steunenberg, Gov. Frank, on wom. suff. in Idaho, 594.

Stevens, Lillian M. N., 438; 1048.

Stevenson, J. O., 629.

Stevenson, Katherine Lente, 711; in R. I., 910.

Stevenson, Dr. Sarah Hackett, 610.

Stewart, John W., M. C., rep. against wom. suff., 82.

Stockham, Dr. Alice B., 61.

Stoddard, Helen M., writes Tex. chap., 931; work for Girls' Indus. Sch., 934.

Stone, Lucinda Hinsdale, on Dr. Stone's early belief in wom. suff., 299; 771.

Stone, Lucy, 14; 136; 164; letter to conv. of '90, 169; 174; at Nat'l Council of '91, 178; 186; 187; 189; before U. S. Sen. Com., 191; conv. of '93, her last message, 213; 221; mem. service, 225; 227; 236; 294; 320; 357; 387; acc't of conv. of Amer. Ass'n. of '84, 406; influence on Kas. laws, 407; rep. as ch. ex. com. of Amer. Ass'n., '84, 408; 411; sp. at conv. of '85, 415; acc't. of Amer. conv. of '86, 417; 418; 423; at Legislatures, 424; rep. ch. ex. com., '87, 425; on union of two ass'ns., 426; spks. at bazar in '87, 427; acc't of Amer. conv. '88, 430; appeal to Constit'l. Convs., 432; work for Ariz., 470; 509; 513; 514; 517; 546; 553; in Ills., 598; in Ind., 614; in Iowa, 628; same, 629; in Kas., 638; same, 640; in Maine, 689; in Baltimore, 695; 702; work in Mass., 703 et al.; last pub. ad., 711; death and funeral, 712; on Boston Tea Party, 713; 714; first wom. suff. petit., yrs. in office, 720; legis. work in Mass., 721; for equal guardianship, 744; in Mich., 755; 762; in Minn., 772; in N. J., 820; mem. serv. in N. J., 821; in R. I., 907; in Vt., 957; on admis. of Wy., 1004.

Strong, Lieut. Gov. John (Mich.), favors wom. suff., 763.

Stout, Sir Robert, Premier N. Z., for wom. suff., 1026.

Stowe, Harriet Beecher, 275.

Sullivan, Sup. Judge Isaac N. (Ida.), decis. on wom. suff. amdt., 593.

Sulzer, William, M. C., 856.

Sweet, Ada C., 71.

Swift, Mary Wood (Mrs. John F.), work in Calif., 482 et al.; 501.

Swisshelm, Jane Gray, 410.

T

Taft, Hon. Alphonso, 428.

Taft, Judge W. H., 348.

Talbot, Gov. Thomas (Mass.), 718.

Taney, Chief Justice Roger B., 4.

Tanner, Gov. John R. (Ills.), 602; 607.

Taylor, Alberta C., 238; 465.

Taylor, Ezra B., M. C., rep. in favor wom. suff., 52; same, 82; same, 163; 218; 366; assists in O., 877.

Taylor, Peter A., M. P., 22; 353.

Taylor, Mrs. Peter A., 22.

Telford, Mary Jewett, 201; 516.

Teller, U. S. Sen. Henry M., 235; sp. at conv. of '98, 303; 433; 524; approves wom. suff., 1086.

Tennessee, names for, Chap. LXIV.

Terrell, Mary Church, 298; sp. at conv. of 1900, 358; 572.

Texas, names for, Chap. LXV.

Thayer, Gov. John M., wom. suff. in Wy., 1090.

Thomann, Gallus, 448.

Thomas, Gov. Charles S., 441; 516; 531; wom. suff. in Col., 1087.

Thomas, Dean M. Carey, pres. Bryn Mawr Coll., 426; helps secure Wom. Med. Coll. of Johns Hopkins, 700; trustee Cornell Univ. 871; 906.

Thomas, M. Louise, 175.

Thomas, Mary Bentley, 239; 263; writes Md. chap., 695; 696.

Thomas, Dr. Mary F., 75; 146; 406; 407; 410; 411; letter to Amer. conv. of '85, 413; 70th birthday, 422; 425; 426; 431; 614; 616.

Thomasson, John P., M. P., 22.

Thomasson, Mrs. John P., 22.

Thompson, Elizabeth, donation to pub. Hist. of Wom. Suff., V.

Thompson, Ellen Powell, rep. on Congress'l work, 287; trib. and gift to Miss Anthony on birthday, 399; work in D. C., 568 et al.

Thompson, Col. John, 227.

Thompson, Martha J., 367; 774.

Thomson (Archbishop of York) Mrs., petit. for wom. suff., 1015.

Thomson, M. Adeline, 260; 900.

Thorpe, Dr. Juliet, 430.

Thurston, Sarah A., 417; 639 et al.

Tillinghast, Elizabeth Sheldon, 377.

Tillman, U. S. Sen. Benj. R., 925.

Tod, Isabella M. S. (Ireland), 23; 1020.

Todd, Mabel Loomis, 363.

Tomlinson, William P., 417.

Townsend, Justine V. R., 1065.

Trimble, Dr. John, 227.

Trygg, Alli (Finland), 705.

Tubman, Harriet, 718; 844.

Tupper, Rev. Mila (Maynard), 185; 201; 497.

Turner, Sup. Judge George (Wash.), 1098.

Turner, Sir George, Premier Victoria, bill for wom. suff., 1031.

Tyler, Louise M., 509; work in R. I., 909.

U

Uhl, Asst. Sec. of State Edwin F., 572.

Unwin, Jane Cobden (Eng.), 21; 711.

Upton, Harriet Taylor, work in Cong., 218; 233; 250; 257; sp. at conv. of '97, 279; tells of financial help of Miss Anthony, 286; rep. '98 289; 337; wom. on sch. bds., 338; treas. rep., 1900, 365; secures Congress'l. rep., 366; 443; 616; writes Ohio chap., 877; work in O., 879 et al.; work on sch. bd., 884.

Utah, names for, Chap. LXVI.

V

Vance, U. S. Sen. Zebulon B., 157; 158; questions Mrs. Stanton, 161; rep. against wom. suff., 201.

Van Cleve, Charlotte O., 414.

Vermont, names for, Chap. LXVII.

Vest, U. S. Sen. George G., 93; sp. against wom. suff., 105; spks. against wom. suff. in Wy., 1000.

Victoria (Aus.), names for, 1021.

Victoria, Queen, compared to Amer. women, 160; 162; rec. Int'l. Council, 354; trib. to, 1021.

Villard, Oswald Garrison, 739.

Virginia, names for, Chap. LXVIII.

Vogel, Sir Julius, Treasurer N. Z., bill for wom. suff., 1025.

Voorhees, Gov. Foster M. (N. J.), 828.

W

Wait, Anna C., 18; welcomes conv. to Kas. in '86, 418; assists on Kas. chap., 638.

Waite, Catharine V., 609.

Waite, Hon. Charles B., 762.

Waite, Gov. Davis H., on wom. suff. in Col., 232; signs wom. suff. bill, 513; 520; 533.

Waite, Dr. Lucy, 184.

Waite, Chief Justice Morrison R., U. S. has no voters, 5; for wom. suff., 1076.

Wall, Sarah, 298.

Wallace, Catherine P., writes N. M. chap., work in Australia and New Zeal., 835; in N. M., 836 et al.

Wallace, Zerelda G., 23; 71; wom. suff. necessity for Gov't., 119; 136; 150; sp. on a whole humanity, 171; 430; in Ills., 599; 614; 615; legis. work in Ind., 618; in Kas., 640, 650; in Ky., 665; in Boston, 706; in R. I., 910; in Vt., 957.

Walworth, Rev. Clarence A., opp. wom. suff., 851.

Ward, Eliza T., 174.

Ward, Elizabeth Stuart Phelps, 412; 735.

Ward, Prof. Lester F., 308.

Ward, Lydia A. Coonley, poem on Miss Anthony's eightieth birthday, 401; 610; 612.

Warren, U. S. Sen. Francis E., rep. in favor of wom. suff., 201; 433; 710; 1005; testimony for wom. suff., 1006; wom. suff. in Wy., 1090.

Warren, Helen M. (Mrs. Francis E.), trib. and gift on Miss Anthony's birthday, 400.

Washburn, Gov. Wm. B. (Mass.), 718.

Washington, names for, Chap. LXIX.

Washington, Booker T., 469; 906.

Washington, Mrs. Booker T., 1051.

Washington, Joseph E., M. C., opp. wom. suff., 999.

Wattles, Esther, 300.

Wattles, John O., 300.

Wattles, Susan E., 294.

Waugh, Alice, 235.

Way, Mary Heald, 564.

Webb, Alfred, M. P., 717.

Webster, Prof. Helen, 733.

Welch, Minerva C. (Mrs. A. L.), 327; wom. suff. in Col., 338; 523.

Weld, Angelina Grimké, 227.

Weld, Theodore D., 259; 702; 709.

Wells, Amos R., collects wom. suff. testimony, 1085.

Wells, Emmeline B., 262; 279; on wom. suff. in Utah, at conv. of '97, 283; writes Utah chap., work in Utah, 936 et al.; 949.

Wells, Gov. Heber M., 949; 951; 952; wom. suff. in Utah, 1089.

Wells, Kate Gannett, 413; opp. wom. suff., 704; 721.

Wellstood, Jessie M. (Scot.), 19.

Wendte, Rev. C. W., 479; 701 et al.

West, Gov. Caleb (Utah), 947.

West Virginia, names for, Chap. LXX.

Wheeler, Vice-President William A., for wom. suff., 1075.

Whelan, Carrie A., assists on Calif. chapter, 478; 489.

Whipple, Rev. A. B., 718.

Whipple, Charles K., 708.

White, Armenia S., 75.

White, John D., M. C., rep. in favor wom. suff., 12; sp. for same, 35.

White, U. S. Sen. Stephen M., 495.

Whiting, John L., 205; 702.

Whitman, Sarah Helen, 295.

Whitney, Adeline D. T., opp. wom. suff., 108; 157; 726.

Whitney, Sarah Ware, 629.

Whitney, Victoria C., 263.

Whittier, John Greenleaf, 164; 203; 205; 703.

Whittle, Dr. Ewing (Eng.), 23; 124.

Widdrington, Mrs. Percy (Eng.), in N. J., 826.

Wigham, Eliza (Scot), 19; 1020.

Wilbour, Charlotte B., 23.

Wilbur, Julia A., 27; 260.

Wilbur, Sarah, 259.

Willard, Emma, 355.

Willard, Frances E., 110; at Int'l. Council, 136; sp. before U. S. Senate Com., 141; 164; 175; 183; in Denver, 215; death, 304; 438; 517; 610; 612; 641; in Boston, 705; 710; 714; in Mont., 796; in N. C., 874; 886; work in W. C. T. U., 1047; 1048; estab. dept. franchise, 1071.

Willcox, Albert O., 295.

Willcox, Hon. Hamilton, 706; 856.

Williams, Mary H., 212.

Williamson, Frances A., 263; 483; writes Nev. chap., 810; work in Nev., 811 et al.

Williamson, M. Laura, 811.

Wilson, Edgar, M. C., 590.

Wilson, Vice-President Henry, for wom. suff., 1075.

Windeyer, Miss (Australia), 224.

Winship, Dr. A. E., 741.

Winslow, Dr. Caroline B., 275; 295; 574.

Wisconsin, names for, Chap. LXXI.

Wolcott, U. S. Sen. Edward O., 156; 235; 525.

Wolcott, Lieut.-Gov. Roger (Mass.), 713.

Wolf, John B., 59.

Wolf, Simon, 231.

Wollstonecraft, Mary, 147.

Wood, Col. S. N., 407; 653.

Wood, Mrs. S. N., 418.

Woodall, William, M. P., work for wom. suff., 1015.

Woodbridge, Mary A., 641.

Woodbury, Charles J., wom. suff. in Wash., 1096.

Woods, Dr. Frances, 592; 632; in O., 880; same, 893.

Woods, Mell C., 279; on wom. suff. in Ida., 283.

Wright, Hon. Carroll D., sp. on Indust. Emancip. of Wom., 213.

Wright, Frances, 147; 294.

Wright, St. Rep. Harriet G. R. (Col.), 523; 524.

Wright, Martha C., 288; 298; 842.

Wright, Phoebe C., 235.

Wyndham, George, M. P., 1020.

Wyoming, names for, Chap. LXXII.

Y

Yarbrough, Jasper, case of, 8.

Yates, Elizabeth Upham, 213; sp. at conv. of '95, 228; 242; 247; 263; in Calif, campn., 487; 490; 536; 558; 696; in Boston, 707; in Mass., 714; 718; in Miss., 783; in N. J., 822; in N. C., 874; in Penn., 899; in S. C., 922; in Va., 964.

Yates, Gov. Richard (Ills.), 603.

Young, Virginia Durant, 222; 224; 235; 263; 293; wom. suff. in South, 362; 583; writes S. C. chap., work in S. C., 922 et al.

Young, Zina D. H., 939; 1052.

Z

Zelophehad, daughters of, 372.

* * * * *

[Transcriber's Notes:

The transcriber made the following changes to the text to correct obvious errors:

1. p. xxvi posession --> possession 2. p. 23 Parlimentary --> Parliamentary 3. p. 33 acomplished --> accomplished 4. p. 74 Disfranchisement:t: --> Disfranchisement: 5. p. 175 preceeding --> preceding 6. p. 250 Senaca Falls; --> Senaca Falls, 7. p. 356 "the bottoms,'" --> "The bottoms," 8. p. 360 they want.'" --> they want." 9. p. 402 unforgetable --> unforgettable 10. p. 531 Ptolomaic --> Ptolemaic 11. p. 643 plaform --> platform 12. p. 709 Northen --> Northern 13. p. 834 in $86.21 --> is $86.21 14. p. 893 mantained --> maintained 15. p. 896 disabilites -->disabilities 16. p. 900 Committe --> Committee 17. p. 974 classess -->classes (Footnote #460) 18. p. 1020 conspicious --> conspicuous 19. p. 1030 ocupying --> occupying 20. p. 1081 Wald --> Waldo 21. p. 1088 to higher plane. --> to a higher plane. 22. p. 1091 encouragment -->encouragement 23. p. 1094 Atorney --> Attorney 24. p. 1096 'Whatever may be --> "Whatever may be

End of Transcriber's Notes]