Chapter 13

Roller bandage, use of by Dudley 20

Rush, Doctor 51, 52, 53, *110

Sayre, David A. 97, *97

Scott, Sir Walter *46

Second geological survey of Kentucky 97

Shaler, Professor N. S. 97

Short, Doctor Charles W. 21, 40, 57, *79, 93 Biographical sketch of 78 As church member 82 As a lecturer 80, 81 As a teacher 93 Born 78 Character of 78, 79 Dean of Faculty 81 Death of 81 Description of, by Doctor Gross *81 Description of, by Professor Miller *80 Early education of 82 Editor of _Transylvania Journal of Medicine_ 81 Emeritus Professor 81 His herbarium 79, 80 Honored by botanists 80 Influence on Kentucky Medical Institute *81 Leaves Transylvania 81 Marries 82 Parentage of 81, 82 President _pro tem._ of Transylvania *82 Professor in Medical Institute 81, *82 Professor in Transylvania 78 Received degree of M. D. 82 Two remarkable cases 80 Writings of 79, 80

Short, John Cleves 82

Short, Peyton 81

Skillman, Doctor Henry M. 156 Biographical sketch of 143 Character of 144, 145 Death of 144 Degree of M. D. 143, 144 Early education 143 In Civil War 145 Marries 146 Offices of trust 145 Professor in Transylvania 144

Skillman, Elizabeth Farrar 143

Skillman, Thomas T. 143 Sketch of 145, 146

Skipwith, Sir William, baronet 82

Slaughter, Gabriel 38

Smallpox, notice of inoculation for 4

Smith, Doctor Alan P. 124

Smith, Doctor Nathan R. 57 Biographical sketch of 120 As a lecturer 124 As a surgeon 124 As a teacher 124 At University of Pennsylvania 121, 122 Born 120 Called to Transylvania 120 Early education 121 Estimation in which he was held 122 Letter of resignation *122, *123 Letter of Transylvania Faculty *123 Mental gifts 123 Professor in Transylvania Medical Department 122, 123 Professor in University of Maryland 122 Professor in University of Vermont 121 Resigned 120 Sketch of his father 120, 121 Writings and inventions 124

Smith, Thomas 38

Staughton, Professor 113

Stockholders of the Botanic Garden 38

Strakosch, Maurice 163

Students in Medical Department, total number of 55

Superior apparatus of Transylvania Medical Department 157

Superiority of library of Transylvania Medical Department *91

Swan, Mr. 168

Symmes, John Cleves 82

Table of students, graduates of Medical Department (1819-34) *55

"The Botanical Garden" of Transylvania University 38

Theobalds, Doctor Samuel *147

Thomas, Doctor Philip *10

Thornbury, Doctor Philip *115

Titian, anecdote of 47

Todd, Reverend John 3

Todd, Doctor L. B. *136, 155

Total number of students in Medical Department 55

Total number of graduates in Medical Department 55

Toulmin, Mr. Harry, first President of Transylvania University 4 Opposition to 4

Transylvania the best-endowed medical school in America *122

Transylvania Faculty in 1842 *132

Transylvania Institute *56

Transylvania _Journal of Medicine_, editors of 21

Transylvania _Journal of Medicine_, first appearance of 21

Transylvania Land Company 3

Transylvania Medical Library *91

Transylvania Medical School in 1809 13

Transylvania merged into Kentucky University 99, 100

Transylvania Seminary 2 First "Director" 3 First President 4 Presbyterian patronage of 2 Rivalry with Kentucky Academy 5 United with Kentucky Academy 5

Transylvania University 5 First meeting of Trustees of 5 Medical department established 5 Origin of 1

Tribute of thanks, 1817 30

Trotter, James *46

"Trotter's Warehouse" 29

Trustees of Transylvania University in 1828 *46

Unparalleled growth of Transylvania University Medical School 167

Vaccination introduced by Doctor Brown 9

Wallace, Thomas 38

Warfield, Charles H. 30

Warfield, Doctor Elisha 13, 38, *46 Resigns 14

Warfield, Doctor Walter 11

Warner, Miss Harriot 47

Watson, Doctor Lotan G. *126 Sketch of 129 Character of 129 Professor in Transylvania Medical Department 129

Welsh, Reverend James 11

Wickliffe, Robert, junior 162

Wilkins, Charles 38, *46

Willett, Jacob 125

Wilson, Mr. Isaac 2

Winter, Elisha I. *46

Wistar, Doctor Caspar 82

Woods, Reverend Alva, D. D. 21 Installed as President 46

Woolley, Honorable A. K. *133

Yandell, Doctor Lunsford P. 21, 23, 47, 48, 53, 57, 63, 64, 66, 77, 89, 90, 158 Biographical sketch of 83 As editor and writer 87 Called to Chemical Chair in Transylvania 83 Character of 83 Character of Doctor Cooke, by *78 Criticises Doctor Caldwell 48 Death of 88 During Civil War 86 Early education 83 Forgives Doctor Caldwell 49 Goes to Memphis 86 Ordained Presbyterian minister 87 President of College Physicians and Surgeons 87 President of Medical Society 87, 88 Professor in Medical Institute 85, 86 Professor in Transylvania 83 Removes to Louisville 85 Succeeds Doctor Caldwell 86 Resigns from Louisville school 86

Yandell, Doctor Wilson 83

Footnotes

[Footnote 1: April 11, 1791. See Records of Transylvania University.]

[Footnote 2: Out lot No. 6.]

[Footnote 3: In honor of the Centenary of Lexington, celebrated April 2, 1879.]

[Footnote 4: An interesting notice of "_Inoculation for Smallpox_," in 1794, is to be found in the files of the old _Kentucky Gazette_, a paper published by John Bradford, in Lexington, August 11, 1787--the first newspaper published west of the Alleghany mountains. This notice appeared in that paper January 4, 1794, as follows: "On Thursday last the inhabitants of this place began the inoculation of smallpox and have agreed to continue until the fifteenth, after which they are determined to cease. They have appointed a committee to draw up a remonstrance to the court of Fayette County requesting that the order of that court granting liberty to the inhabitants of said county to inoculate may be rescinded, so far as respects the town of Lexington, after that date." The _Gazette_ for the first of February following has this significant statement, illustrating the great hazard of this primitive operation, viz: "That the smallpox had been very fatal within the three weeks past in the town and vicinity under inoculation, that at least _one out of fifteen died_ who had been inoculated, and very few children had recovered." Vaccination was introduced here by Professor Samuel Brown, M. D., at quite an early period, as we shall see further on.]

[Footnote 5: Lexington, January 8, 1799. (See Records of Transylvania University, Volume 1.)]

[Footnote 6: December 11, 1799. (See Records of Transylvania University.)]

[Footnote 7: "Memoranda of the Preston Family," by John Mason Brown, Page 20.]

[Footnote 8: See "Memoranda of the Preston Family," Page 37, for his descendants.]

[Footnote 9: Quoted from an introductory lecture to the winter course in the Medical Department of Transylvania University, delivered by the present writer (Doctor Robert Peter) November 5, 1854.]

[Footnote 10: Doctor Ridgely was born on Elkridge, Anne Arundel County, Maryland, May 25, 1757, and studied medicine under Doctor Philip Thomas, of almost unrivaled reputation. (Doctor C. W. Short.)]

[Footnote 11: Doctor James Fishback resigned as Trustee and qualified as Medical Professor November 4, 1805. (See Records.)]

[Footnote 12: Jacob Fishback was a Trustee of Transylvania in 1801 and up to 1807. (See Records.)]

[Footnote 13: See Records of Transylvania University, 1809.]

[Footnote 14: An able biographical sketch of him by his son, Joseph Buchanan, also celebrated, was published in _Collins' History of Kentucky_, first edition.]

[Footnote 15: According to Doctor C. C. Graham he held that these two chairs should be inseparable.]

[Footnote 16: Now the site of the golf links at the termination of North Broadway.]

[Footnote 17: This was before the use of anesthetics in surgery, it must be remembered.]

[Footnote 18: Did he not, in this preliminary preparation of his surgical patients, unwittingly render them safe from the microbes of disease, thus practically securing for them the benefits of more modern scientific discovery?]

[Footnote 19: March 28, 1828, Doctor Dudley was elected President, _pro tem._, in the interval between the unanimous election of Reverend Alva Woods, D. D., February 7, 1828, and his installation October 13, 1828.]

[Footnote 20: "He contracted poison in performing a surgical operation, from which he suffered greatly and never recovered. He died suddenly after about two hours of illness, at a quarter to one on Thursday morning, January 20, 1870, of apoplexy. In his relations of son, husband, father, master and friend it is believed he has left no better man." (Extract from a short obituary by his brother, Reverend Thomas P. Dudley.)]

[Footnote 21: Doctor C. C. Graham says: "What few private students there were in Lexington went from shop to shop (at that day so called) and got three only, Dudley, Richardson, and eccentric Overton to give us a talk." (Letter to Doctor Peter.)]

[Footnote 22: Since dead as more than a centenarian.]

[Footnote 23: His great niece, Mrs. Waller O. Bullock, in speaking of the portrait of Doctor Overton, the only one extant, says: "It was done in Philadelphia just as he was completing his medical course, and I think it must have been soon after that he entered upon his work at Transylvania. He took a post-graduate course at Paris, France, and was considered one of the most brilliant men of his day. He had great command of language and his conversation sparkled with wit and humor, nor was he less happy with his pen. On one occasion the city of Nashville offered a handsome prize for the best essay on some disputed medical point; no one was barred; doctors of all ages entered the lists, and Uncle James--though an old man--bore off the honors. In cultivated elegant society he was at his best, and when distinguished foreigners visited President Jackson at the Hermitage it always devolved on Doctor Overton to do the agreeable, his command of French peculiarly fitting him for this post. He early left Kentucky to make his home in Tennessee, where he practiced his profession for many years, dying at an advanced age."]

[Footnote 24: "When the first medical lectures were delivered in our city a room was rented for the purpose on Main Street. At the time of the reorganization in 1819 a commodious apartment in the upper story of the large building (on Short Street) now occupied (1854) by the Branch Bank of Kentucky, then as a tavern, was temporarily fitted up as a lecture-room, and Doctor Dudley lectured in his own rooms back of his office ... (on Mill Street, east side, a little above Church Street). The rapid increase of the class soon induced Doctor Dudley to enlarge his accommodation by the erection of a very commodious amphitheatre, in which he lectured until 1839-40, when the new hall was built (corner of Broadway and Second)." (Lecture of Doctor Peter to Medical Department, November 6, 1854.)]

[Footnote 25: According to G. W. Ranck's _History of Lexington_.]

[Footnote 26: Doctor C. C. Graham relates, in reference to student life about this time: "Dead bodies at that day were not articles of commerce, so we, the students, had to disinter them; and we once had a battle, so published in the newspapers, at the old Baptist graveyard--the Battle of the Graveyard, so-called--when taking up the Irishman that caused the duel (between Dudley and Richardson). We were taken prisoners by an armed guard and hauled up to the court-house for trial, but there was no law to make the dead private property, so the declaration of Scripture that from dust we came and unto dust we must return let us off by paying one cent damages for taking that much clay or soil. At another time, near Nicholasville, we were pursued when making our way to our horses hitched outside an orchard fence, and one ball of several fired lodged in the subject, on my back." (Letter of Doctor Graham.)]

[Footnote 27: It seems Doctor Drake had obtained an honorary degree for Richardson.]

[Footnote 28: "Caneland," which now forms a beautiful portion of L. V. Harkness' Walnut Hall Stock Farm, where the old house still stands, with Richardson's name on the brass knocker of the front door.]

[Footnote 29: The full Faculty of Transylvania, published 1821, was: President, Reverend Horace Holley, A. M., A. A. S.; Honorable William T. Barry, LL. D., Professor of Law; Charles Caldwell, M. D., Dean, Professor of the Institutes of Medicine and teacher of Materia Medica, with a private class in Medical Jurisprudence; Samuel Brown, M. D., Theory and Practice; Benjamin W. Dudley, M. D., Anatomy and Surgery; William H. Richardson, M. D., Obstetrics and Diseases of Women and Children; Reverend James Blythe, D. D., Professor of Chemistry; Reverend Robert H. Bishop, A. M., Natural Philosophy, Geography, Chronology, and History, giving with the President instruction in the voluntary theological class; John Roche, A. M., Ancient Languages and secretary of Faculty; John F. Jenkins, A. B., Professor of Mathematics and Librarian; Constantine S. Rafinesque, Professor of Natural History and Botany and teacher of the Modern Languages; Nicholas D. Coleman, A. B., and Charles S. Morehead, A. B., tutors of the Preparatory Department.]

[Footnote 30: For Rafinesque see _Life of Rafinesque_, by R. Ellsworth Call, published by The Filson Club, 1895.]

[Footnote 31: We find the announcement in a local newspaper of November 19, 1819, that the inauguration of the medical professors and Professors Rafinesque and Bradford took place "at the Episcopal Meeting House on yesterday" with music, etc.]

[Footnote 32: "A fine lot of nine and three quarters acres belonging to Mr. Joseph Megowan, at the rate of one hundred dollars in specie per acre, with a small rent of two dollars and fifty cents per acre until paid."]

[Footnote 33: Doctor Best, a graduate of Transylvania Medical Department in 1826, died at Lexington, Kentucky, September, 1830, aged about forty-five years.]

[Footnote 34: Of Doctor Drake, Doctor S. D. Gross says: "Emphatically a self-made man, he possessed genius of a superior order and successfully coped with his colleagues for the highest place in the school (Transylvania). Of all the medical teachers I have ever known he was, all things considered, one of the most able, captivating, and impressive. There was an earnestness, a fiery zeal about him in the lecture-room which encircled him, as it were, with a halo of glory." (Autobiographical sketch of Doctor Short, Page 10.)]

[Footnote 35: Mostly from _Collins' History of Kentucky_, second edition.]

[Footnote 36: _Lexington Reporter_, March 5, 1821: "$17,000 are to be expended in Europe this year for the Medical Department. Doctor Caldwell (the agent) is already on his way. $5,000 only is the gift of the Legislature, while $6,000 rest upon the responsibility of Lexington alone and $6,000 upon that of _six individuals_ in the town who have generously stepped forward in this manner to anticipate the too cautious bounty of the Legislature."]

[Footnote 37: The oration at the laying of the corner-stone was made by William T. Barry. The Trustees of Transylvania at that time were John Bradford, Thomas Bodley, Charles Humphreys, Benjamin Gratz, Elisha Warfield, James Fishback, John W. Hunt, James Trotter, Elisha I. Winter, George T. Chapman, William Leavy, Charles Wilkins, and George C. Light.]

[Footnote 38: The same year, October 13, 1828: "The Board joined in a procession to the Episcopal Church, where the Reverend Alva Woods, D. D., was publicly installed as President of the Transylvania University." One thousand copies of his inaugural address to be printed for the Board.]

[Footnote 39: Edward Everett, in a letter of introduction to Sir Walter Scott presented to Mr. Holley when intending to visit Europe, says of him: "As a philosopher, a scholar, and a gentleman he has left no superior in America."]

[Footnote 40: See Pages 405-7, Autobiography of Doctor Charles Caldwell.]

[Footnote 41: See Autobiography.]

[Footnote 42: He was Dean of the Faculty.]

[Footnote 43: It has been said that Doctor Caldwell was the first person of note to take up the study of Phrenology in this country.]

[Footnote 44: Of Doctor Caldwell, Doctor Gross says: "A more majestic figure on the rostrum could hardly be imagined. Tall and erect in person, with a noble head and a piercing black eye, he was the _beau ideal_ of an elegant, entertaining, and accomplished lecturer. He was eloquent, but too artificial, for he had cultivated elocution too much before the mirror." (Autobiographical sketch of Doctor C. W. Short, Page 10.)]

[Footnote 45: Doctor Caldwell says (1834): "This institution has been in operation _fourteen_ years.... According to its record book its classes and the degrees conferred by it have been as follows:

Years. Number of Number of Pupils. Degrees. 1819-20 37 7 1820-1 93 13 1821-2 138 37 1822-3 171 51 1823-4 200 47 1824-5 234 57 1825-6 281 65 1826-7 190 53 1827-8 152 53 1828-9 206 40 1829-30 199 81 1830-1 210 52 1831-2 215 74 1832-3 222 69 1833-4 262 ----- --- Total 2,810 699