x. 10,

They, in conjunction with the Etrurians, Samnites, and Umbrians, are defeated by the Romans, 27, 29. The Senones cut off a Roman legion, 26. Character of the Gauls, v. 37-46; and x. 28. Transalpine Gauls join Hannibal, xxi. 20-28. Make an irruption into Italy, xxxix. 22, 45. Submit to the Roman consul, and retire, 54.

Gaurus, mount, vii. 32.

Geese save the Capitol, v. 47.

Geganian family, Alban, admitted among Roman patricians, i. 30.

Geganius, L., consular tribune, vi. 31.

——, M., consular tribune, vi. 42.

——, Macerinus, M., consul, quashes the combinations of the plebeian tribunes against the patricians, iii. 65. Is made consul a second time, iv. 8. He overthrows the Volscians, sends them under the yoke, and triumphs, 10. Is a third time consul, 17. Censor, 22. _See_ ix. 33, 34.

——, T., consul, ii. 34.

Gelo, son of Hiero, favouring the Carthaginians, is carried off by a sudden death, xxiii. 30. His character, xxiv. 5.

Geminius Metius, Etrurian, his single combat with T. Manlius, viii. 7.

Genius, a deity, xxi. 62.

Gentius, king of Illyria, xl. 42. Ambassadors sent to him from Rome, xlii. 26. He imprisons the ambassadors, and takes part with Perseus, xliv. 27. Murders his brother, and his two friends, 30. Surrenders himself to the Roman prætor, Anicius, 31. Is led in triumph with his queen, children, and brother, xlv. 43.

Genua, xxi. 32. Taken by Mago, and demolished, xxviii. 46. Rebuilt by the Romans, xxx. 1.

Genucius, plebeian tribune, killed in his own house, ii. 54.

——, Cn., plebeian consular tribune v. 13. A second time, when he falls in battle, 18.

————, consul, vii. 3.

————, one of the first plebeian augurs, x. 9.

——, L., plebeian consul, vii. 1. A second time, 4. Is slain in battle with the Hernicians, 6.

————, plebeian tribune, proposes a law against usury, vii. 42.

————, consul, x. 1.

————, ambassador to Syphax, xxvii. 4.

——, M., consul, iv. 1.

——, T., plebeian tribune, proposes an Agrarian law, and accuses T. Menenius, ii. 52. Makes a heavy charge on the consuls of the preceding year, and is put to death, 54.

——, decemvir, iii. 33.

Geronium, xxii. 13, 24, 39.

Gisgo, Carthaginian ambassador to Philip, xxiii. 34.

——, arguing against peace, is treated roughly by Hannibal, xxx. 37.

Gladiators exhibited, xxiii. 30; xxviii. 21.

——, called Samnites, by the Campanians, ix. 40.

Gods, celestial and infernal, x. 28.

——, Indigetes, and Novensiles, viii. 9.

——, Manes, viii. 6, 9; x. 28.

——, Penates, or household, i. 1.

——, Tutelar, of Rome, iii. 7. The custom of calling them out from the town of an enemy, and the ceremonies used in removing their images, v. 21, 22.

Gold, vicesimary, xxvii. 10.

——, 1000 pounds’ weight stipulated as the ransom of the Roman people, v. 48. Retaken, and placed under the throne of Jupiter, 50.

Gomphi, xxxi. 41. Taken by the Romans, xxxvi. 13.

Gonni, xxxvi. 10; xlii. 54, 67.

Goods of Porsenna for sale, whence the phrase arose, ii. 14.

Gown, bordered with purple, prætexta, borrowed from the Etrurians, i. 8.

Gradivus, Mars, ii. 45. His priests Salii instituted by Numa, i. 20.

Graviscæ, Roman colony, xl. 29.

Grecian arts first admired by the Romans, xxv. 40.

——, fleet infests the coasts of Italy, vii. 25, 26. Another, under Cleonymus, a Spartan, is compelled to retire by the Patavians, x. 2.

Grecian man and woman buried alive in the forum, xxii. 57.

——, states declared free by T. Quintius, at the Isthmian games, xxxiii. 32.

Greece, the Farther, vii. 26.

——, the Greater, revolts to Hannibal, xxii. 61; xxxi. 7.

Greek fables, xxviii. 43. Trench, 46.

Gulf in the forum closes, on Curtius leaping into it, vii. 6.

Gulussa, son of Masinissa, pleads before the senate in favour of his father, xlii. 24.

Gythium taken by T. Quintius, xxxiv. 29. By Nabis, xxxv. 27.

Hadrumetum, city in Africa, xxx. 29, 35.

Haliacmon, river, xlii. 53.

Haliartus, city, favours Perseus, xlii. 46. Is taken by the prætor Lucretius, 63.

Halicarnassians, obliged to the Rhodians for their liberty, xxxiii. 20. Zealous to serve the Romans, xxxvii. 16.

Halys, river, its banks inhabited by Gauls, xxxviii. 16.

Hamæ, near Cumæ, the camp of the Campanians, is surprised there by Gracchus, xxiii. 35.

Hamilcar, forming plans for a war against the Romans, dies, xxi. 1, 2, 5. This happened at a place in Spain called Highfort, xxiv. 41.

——, acting in concert with the Insubrian Gauls, is killed in battle at Cremona, xxxi. 21.

——, son of Bomilcar, defeated by the Scipios, xxiii. 49.

——, son of Gisgo, given up to the Romans, with the isle of Melita, xxi. 51.

——, Carthaginian general, made prisoner by Cn. Cornelius, xxxii. 30. Is led in triumph, xxxiii. 23.

Hampsicora, Sardinian chief, meditates a revolt, xxiii. 32. Kills himself, 41.

Hannibal, about nine years old, swears perpetual enmity to the Romans, xxi. 1. Is appointed general in the place of Hasdrubal, 3. His character, 4. He besieges and takes Saguntum, vi. 14. Passes the Iberus and Pyrenæan mountains, 23. Crosses the Rhone, 31. The Alps, 32. The number of his forces, 42. He defeats the Romans at Ticinus, 46. Again at the Trebia, 54. Again at Placentia, 59. Again at the lake Trasimenus, xxii. 4. Escapes out of a defile by the stratagem of tying faggots to the horns of oxen, 16. Worsts Minucius, who is saved by Fabius, 29. Pretends flight, but his scheme is detected, 42. Distressed and perplexed, he removes to Cannæ, 43. There overthrows the Romans with great slaughter, 49. Goes to Capua, xxiii. 7. Is defeated at Nola by Marcellus, 16. His men enervated by the luxury of Capua, 18. Are long resisted by a small body of Prænestines, at Casilinum, which at last surrenders, 19. He gains possession of Tarentum by treachery, xxv. 8-10. Defeats Cn. Fulvius, prætor, at Herdonia, 21. Resolves to lay siege to Rome, xxvi. 7. Encamps within three miles of that city, 10. Failing in his attempt, he retires, 11. Vanquishes Cn. Fulvius, proconsul, at Herdonea, xxvii. 1. He surrounds Marcellus, who is slain, 27. After the death of Hasdrubal, he retires into Bruttium, 51. Worsted by Scipio, he retires from Locri, xxix. 7. Is recalled from Italy, xxx. 19. Holds a conference with Scipio, 29. Is conquered at Zama, and flies to Adrumetum, 35. Is kindly received by Antiochus, at Ephesus, xxxiii. 49. Advises Antiochus to attack the Romans in Italy, xxxiv. 60. Converses with Scipio, xxxv. 14. Loses the favour of Antiochus, 43. Is restored to his good opinion, xxxvi. 6, 15, 41. Is defeated at sea by the Rhodians, xxxvii. 24. Is compelled by the Romans to leave the court of Antiochus, 45. Having found refuge with Prusias, but being still persecuted by the Romans, he swallows poison, xxxix. 51.

Hanno, head of the faction which opposed the Barcine, insists that Hannibal ought not to be sent into Spain, xxi. 3; but to be given up to the Romans, 9. After the battle of Cannæ, he recommends making proposals of peace to the Romans, xxiii. 13.

——, son of Bomilcar, distinguishes himself in the passage of the Rhone, xxi. 27, 28.

——, defeated and taken in Spain by Cn. Scipio, xxi. 60.

——, driven out of Lucania by Sempronius Longus, xxiii. 17. Persuades the Grecian cities in Bruttium to join him, xxiv. 1. Fights a desperate battle with Gracchus, 14, 15. Flies to Bruttium, xxv. 14. Commands the garrison of Metapontum, xxvii. 42.

——, succeeds Hasdrubal Barcas as commander in Spain, xxviii. 1. Is made prisoner by the Romans, 2; and sent to Rome, 4.

——, an officer under Mago, is routed by L. Marcius, xxviii. 30.

——, general of cavalry, falls in battle, xxix. 29, 35.

——, son of Hamilcar, defeated and slain by Masinissa, xxix. 34.

Harmonia, daughter of Gelon, put to death, xxiv. 24, 25.

Harpalus, ambassador from Perseus, gives offence to the senate, xlii. 14.

Hasdrubal, son-in-law and successor of Hamilcar, killed by a savage, xxi. 2.

——, brother of Hannibal, is left commander in Spain, xxi. 22. Is defeated by the Scipios, xxiii. 29. Cuts off the two Roman generals, with the greatest part of their men, xxv. 32. Baffles Nero, xxvi. 17. Is defeated by Scipio, xxvii. 18, 19. Passes into Gaul, and over the Alps, 36, 39. Lays siege to Placentia, 43. Is vanquished at the Metaurus, and slain, 48, 49. His head is thrown into Hannibal’s camp, 51.

Hasdrubal, Calvus is sent into Sicily, xxiii. 32, 34. Defeated and taken, 40, 41.

——, son of Gisgo, commands in Spain, xxiv. 41. Is overthrown by Scipio, xxviii. 15, 16. Flies into Africa, 17. He and Scipio dine together in the house of Syphax, 18. He gives his daughter in marriage to Syphax, xxix. 23. He and Syphax are defeated by Scipio, xxx. 5, 6.

——, Hædus, advises the Carthaginians to conclude a peace, xxx. 42. Reproves Hannibal’s laughter, 44.

Health, her temple, ix. 43; x. 1.

Hegeas, commander of Neapolitan cavalry, xxiii. 1.

Hellespont, xxxi. 15; xxxvii. 9.

Helorus, xxiv. 35.

Helvius, Cn., military tribune, killed, xxx. 18.

——, prætor, xxxii. 7, 8. Commands in Spain, xxxiii. 21. Is honoured with an ovation, xxxiv. 10.

Hephæstia, xxxiii. 35.

Heraclea, in Greece, xxviii. 5, 7; xxxvi. 22, 24; xliv. 8, 9.

——, in Italy, i. 18; viii. 24.

——, Minor, in Sicily, xxiv. 35; xxv. 40.

——, Sinticé, in Macedonia, xlv. 29.

Heraclides, one of Philip’s generals, xxxi. 16. Is thrown into prison, xxxii. 5.

——, Byzantian, xxxvii. 34.

Heraclitus Scotinus, Philip’s ambassador to Hannibal, xxiii. 39.

Hersæa, xxviii. 7, 8. The direction of the Hersæan, or Junonian games, is conferred on Philip, xxvii. 30.

Herbessus taken by Marcellus, xxiv. 30, 35.

Hercinian forest, v. 34.

Herculaneum taken by Carvilius, x. 45.

Hercules, in Latium, i. 7. A lectisternium, or banquet, in honour of him, v. 13. His ministers Potitii, i. 7; ix. 29. His pillars, xxi. 43.

Herdonea, xxv. 21. Is taken by Hannibal, and the inhabitants are expelled, xxvii. 1.

Herdonius, Ap., a Sabine, seizes the Capitol, iii. 15. Is killed, 18.

Herdonius, Turnus, inveighs against Tarquinius, i. 5. Who procures his death, 51.

Herennius Bassus, and Herius Pettius Nolans, confer with Hanno, xxiii. 43.

——, Pontius, Samnite, ix. 1. His opposite opinions respecting the Romans at Caudium, 3.

Hermandica stormed by Hannibal, xxi. 5.

Herminius, Lars, consul, iii. 65.

——, T., assists Horatius Cocles in defending the bridge, ii. 30. Is slain at Regillus, 20.

Hermione, town, xxxi. 44.

Hernicians prepare for war, ii. 22. Are conquered, 40. Their lands are wasted by Æiquans and Volscians, iii. 6. They revolt from the Romans, vi. 2. Who are defeated by them, vii. 6. They are subdued by C. Plautius, 15. They make war again, iv. 42. Surrender, 43.

Herodicus, Thessalian, killed by Philip, and his family persecuted, xl. 4.

Hexapylon, at Athens, xxv. 24, 32, 39.

Hiero, king of Syracuse, promises corn and clothing to the Roman legions, xxi. 50. After the defeat at Trasimenus, he sends ample supplies to the Romans, and a golden image of victory, xxii. 37. Dies, xxiv. 4.

Hieronymus, Hiero’s grandson and successor, his character, and a conspiracy formed against him, xxiv. 4, 5. He sneers at the Roman ambassador, 6. Is slain by the conspirators, 7.

Himera, river, xxiv. 6; xxv. 49.

Himilco, leads an army into Sicily, xxiv. 35, 36. Retires to Agrigentum, 39. Brings supplies to Syracuse, and dies of the plague, xxv. 26.

Hippo Royal, in Africa, xxix. 4, 32.

——, in Spain, xxxix. 30.

Hippocrates, in conjunction with the Carthaginians, carries on war against Marcellus, xxiv. 35. Is defeated, 36. Brings supplies to Syracuse, and dies, xxv. 26.

Hirpinians, xxii. 13. Join the Carthaginians, 61; xxiii. 1. Their towns are taken by the Romans, 17. They submit, xxvii. 15.

Honour and Virtue, their temples, xxvii. 25.

Hope, her temple, ii. 51.

Horatii, brothers, fight the Curiatii, i. 24, 25.

Horatius Cocles maintains the Sublician bridge, leaps into the river, and escapes, ii. 10.

——, C., consul, fights the Etrurians, ii. 51.

——, Pulvillus, C., consul, routs the Æquans, iii. 30. Dies augur, 32.

——, Barbatus, L., warmly opposes the decemvirs, iii. 39. Drives Ap. Claudius out of the forum, 49. Is made consul, 55. Defeats the Sabines, and triumphs without leave of the senate, 61, 63. _See_ iv. 6.

——, Pulvillus, M., consul, ii. 8; vii. 3.

——, M., consular tribune, vi. 31.

——, P., labours to save his son from the punishment incurred by killing his sister, i. 26.

Horses, public, given to the knights, i. 43; v. 7. Taken from some by the censors, xxiv. 18; xxvii. 11.

Hostages of the Tarentines, attempting an escape, are seized, and put to death, xxv. 7.

——, of the Spanish states are restored to their friends by Scipio, xxvi. 49.

——, required from the Carthaginians, xxx. 31.

Hostilian senate-house, i. 30.

Hostilius Cato, two of this name, A. and C., xxvii. 35.

——, Tubulus, C., prætor, xxvii. 6. Defeats Hannibal, 40. Is continued in command, xxviii. 10.

————, Mancinus, A., prætor, xl. 35.

——, L., sent by Minucius with four hundred horsemen to procure intelligence, is cut off by the Carthaginians, xxii. 15.

——, Tullus, king, i. 22-31.

——, Hostus, distinguishes himself in battle against the Sabines, and falls, i. 12.

Hybla, xxvi. 21.

Hypata, xxxvi. 17; xxxvii. 7; xli. 25.

Hyrcanian plains, xxxvii. 38.

Ibera, city, xxiii. 28. So called from

Iberus, river, the boundary between the Romans and Carthaginians in Spain, xxi. 2, 5; xxvi. 17.

Icilius, L., betrothed to Virginia, iii. 44—51. Is made plebeian tribune on the Aventine, 54.

————, plebeian tribune, iv. 52.

——, Sp., plebeian tribune, ii. 58.

——, three of that name plebeian tribunes in one year, iv. 54.

Idæan Mother brought to Rome from Pessinus in Asia, xxix. 10, 14.

Ilergetians subdued by Hannibal, xxi. 23. Their country wasted by Cn. Scipio, 62. They renew the war, xxii. 21. They implore aid from the Romans, xxxiv. 11.

Ilians, xxix. 12; xxxviii. 39.

Ilium, xxxv. 43; xxxvii. 9.

Illiberis, xxi. 24.

Illiturgis is besieged by the Carthaginians, and relieved by the Romans, xxiii. 49. Is again besieged, and relieved, xxiv. 41; xxvi. 17. Revolts to the Carthaginians, xxviii. 19. Is taken by Scipio, and burnt, 20, 25.

Illyrians, their designs, in favour of Philip, are discovered to the Romans, xlii. 26. They join Perseus, xliv. 30—32. Are declared free, xlv. 18.

Ilva, island, xxx. 39.

Ilvatian Ligurians, xxxi. 10; xxxii. 29.

India, ix. 17; xxxv. 32; xlv. 9.

Indians, bad soldiers, ix. 19.

Indibilis, prince of the Ilergetians, xxii. 21; xxv. 34. His family kindly treated by Scipio, xxvi. 49. He joins Scipio, xxvii. 17. Changes sides again, xxviii. 24. Submits to Scipio, and is pardoned, 34. Revolts, and is killed in battle, xxix. 2, 3.

Indiges Jupiter, Æneas so called, i. 2.

Indigetes, deities, viii. 9.

Indus, river, xxxviii. 14.

Ingaunian Ligurians, xxviii. 46; xxx. 19. A treaty between them and the Romans xxxi. 2.

Insubrian Gauls, a canton of the Æduans, found Mediolanum, v. 34. Plunder and burn Placentia, xxxi. 10. Are defeated by the Romans, xxxii. 30.

Interamna, Roman colony, ix. 28. In vain attempted by the Samnites, x. 36. Refuses supplies, xxvii. 9. Is compelled to contribute more than usual, xxix. 15.

Interest of money, vii. 16, 21. Reduced, 27.

Intermarriage of patricians and plebeians, iv. 1, 3, 4.

Inuus, Pan so called, i. 5.

Interregnums, i. 17, 22; iii. 8; iv. 7, 43, 51; v. 17, 31; vi. 1, 5; vii. 17, 21, 28; viii. 3, 17; ix. 7; x. 11; xi. 10, 23, 33.

Ionia, xxxiii. 38; xxxiv. 58; xxxviii. 13.

Ionian Sea, xiii. 35; xxiii. 33: xlii. 48.

Isalca, Gætulian general, xxiii. 18.

Issa, island, xliii. 9.

Issæans join the Roman fleet, xxxi. 45. Complain of the Macedonians, xlii. 26.

Ister, river, xxxix. 35; xl. 21, 57.

Isthmus of Corinth, xlv. 28.

Istrians, a savage nation, x. 2; xxi. 16. The Romans at war with them, xli. 1, 11.

Jamphorina, capital city of Mædica, surrendered to the Romans, xxvi. 25.

Janiculum added to the city, i. 33. Is seized by the Etrurians, ii. 10, 51.

Janus, his temple shut twice after the reign of Numa, i. 19.

Jassus demanded by the Rhodians, xxxii. 33. The Romans raise the siege of it at the request of the Rhodians, xxxvii. 17.

Jubellius Taurea, Campanian, his encounter with Cl. Asellus, xxiii. 8, 47. His death, xxvi. 15.

Jugarian street, in Rome, xxiv. 47; xxvii. 37; xxxv. 21.

Julian family, originally Alban, i. 30.

Julius Julus, C., consul, ii. 43. Decemvir, iii. 33. Is deputed by the senate to the seceders on the Aventine, 50.

——, C., consul, iii. 65. Again, iv. 21. A third time, 23.

——, Julus, C., consular tribune, iv. 56. Again, 61. Dies censor, v. 31.

——, C., dictator, vii. 21.

——, Mento, C., consul, disputes with his colleague and the senate, iv. 26.

Julius, L., consular tribune, iv. 16. Master of horse, 26. Consul, 30.

————, consular tribune, vi. 30.

——, Julus, L., consular tribune, v. 1.

——————, consular tribune, v. 10. Again, 16.

——, Sex., consular tribune, iv. 35.

——, Cæsar, Sex., prætor, xxvii. 21. Deputed to the consul, 29.

Junius Bubulcus, C., consul, ix. 20. A second time, 28. Dictator, 29. A third time consul, 30. Master of horse, 38. Censor, 43. Dictator, x. 1. He triumphs over the Æquans.

——, Brutus, D., master of horse, viii. 12. Consul, 29.

——, Scæva, D., lieutenant-general, x. 43. Consul, 47.

——, D., commander at the mouth of the Vulturnus, xxv. 22.

——, Brutus, L., is sent to Delphi, with the sons of Tarquinius, i. 56. Accompanies Collatinus to Lucretia, 58. Takes the lead in expelling the Tarquins, 59. Is created consul, 60. Puts his own sons to death for a conspiracy, ii. 2. Falls in fight, together with Aruns his antagonist, 6.

——, L., commissioner to Macedonia, xlv. 17.

——, Pennus, M., plebeian ædile, xxix. 11. Prætor, xxx. 40.

——, Pera, M., dictator, after the battle of Cannæ, xxii. 57; xxiii. 14.

——, M., deputed to the senate by the prisoners in the hands of Hannibal, xxii. 59.

——, Silanus, M., prætor, xxv. 2. Lieutenant-general to P. Scipio, xxvi. 19. He gains a victory over Mago and Hanno, xxviii. 2.

——, Brutus, M., prætor, xxxv. 24. Commissioner to settle the affairs of Asia, xxxvii. 55. Consul, xl. 59.

————, P., plebeian tribune, supports the Oppian law, xxxiv. 1. Plebeian ædile; he punishes usurers, xxxv. 41.

——, P., prætor, xxxvi. 45. Leads an army against the Etrurians, xxxvii. 2.

——, Q., plebeian tribune, proposes to revenge the death of Mælius, iv. 16.

Juno, i. 32.

——, Moneta, vii. 28.

——, Sospita, viii. 14; xxxiv. 25.

——, Lacinia, xxii. 1; xxiii. 33; xxiv. 3; xxviii. 46; xxx. 20.

——, Regina, v. 21. Brought from Veii to Rome, 22. An offering made to her by Camillus, vi. 4. A temple dedicated to her by M. Æmilius, xl. 52.

Jupiter Capitolinus, i. 55; vi. 17.

——, Dodonæus, viii. 24.

——, Elicius, i. 20.

——, Feretrius, i. 10.

——, Imperator, vi. 29.

Jupiter Optimus Maximus, iv. 2.

——, Stator, i. 12, 41; x. 36

——, Victor, x. 29.

——, Latiaris, xxi. 63; xxii. 1.

——, Olympius, xxiv. 21.

——, Trophonius, xlv. 27.

——, Vicilinus, xxiv. 44.

Juventas, goddess, v. 54; xxi. 62; xxxvii. 36.

Juventius Thalna, L., lieutenant-general, xxxix. 31.

——, M., plebeian tribune, accuses Lucretius, xliii. 8. Prætor, xlv. 16.

King of the sacrifices, ii. 2; vi. 41; ix. 34.

Kings banished from Rome, i. 59.

Knights, three centuries instituted by Romulus, i. 13. The number doubled by Serv. Tullius, 43. There are three hundred in each legion, viii. 8. They are furnished with horses by the public, i. 43, 45. They wear gold rings, xxiii. 12. Are reviewed annually, ix. 46. They serve on their own horses, and pay is assigned to them, v. 7. The censors punish several for misconduct, by depriving them of their horses, xxiv. 18; xxvii. 11; xxix. 37. Six hundred are given as hostages to the Samnites, ix. 5. Are recovered, 15.

Labeatians subject to Gentius, xliii. 19; xliv. 31.

Labeo, Cn., military tribune, xxxiii. 22.

Labici, or Lavici, taken by Coriolanus, ii. 39. Its lands wasted by Gracchus, iii. 25. It is taken by the Romans, who settle a colony there, iv. 47, 49. Lavican road, 41.

Lacedæmon robbed by Nabis and his wife, xxxii. 40. Besieged by Quintius, xxxiv. 40. Visited by P. Æmilius, xlv. 28. _See_ Sparta.

Lacedæmonians, or Laconians, under Cleonymus, infest the coast of Italy, x. 2. Quarrel with the Achæans, xxxi. 25. War is declared against them by the Romans, xxxiv. 22. They are subdued by T. Quintius, xxvi. 40. Are given in charge to the Achæans, xxxv. 13. Their towns on the coast are attacked by Nabis, 22. They are delivered from the tyranny of Nabis, who is assassinated by Ætolians, and they join the Achæan league, 36.

Lacerius, C., plebeian tribune, v. 10.

Lacetania, xxi. 23.

Lacetanians are reduced by Scipio, xxi. 60, 61. They attack the allies of the Romans, xxviii. 24. M. Silanus is sent against them, 26. _See_ xxxiii. 34.

Lacinium, xxxvi. 42.

Lacumaces, Numidian, called king by Mezetulus, xxix. 29, 30.

Lælius, C., is appointed commander of the fleet by Scipio, xxvi. 42. Sent to Rome with despatches, xxvii. 7. Sent to Africa, xxix. 1, 4, 6. Goes with Scipio into Africa, 25. He and Masinissa pursue and defeat Syphax, xxx. 9, 11, 13, 17.

Lælius, C., prætor, xxxiii. 25. Consul, xxxvi. 45.

Lætorius, C., curule ædile, xxiii. 30; xxv. 22. Prætor, xxvi. 23; xxvii. 8.

——, Cn., lieutenant-general, xxxi. 21.

——, L., plebeian ædile, xxx. 39.

——, M., chief centurion, is appointed to dedicate a temple of Mercury, ii. 27.

Lake, Alban, rises to an unusual height, v. 15.

——, Curtian, i. 13; vii. 6.

——, Fucine, iv. 57.

——, Regillus, ii. 19; vi. 2.

——, Vadimon, ix. 39.

——, Avernus, xxiv. 13, 20.

——, Trasimenus, xxii. 4.

——, Ostia, xxvii. 11.

Lamia, Ætolians defeated there by Philip, xxvii. 30; xxxv. 43. Besieged by him, xxxvi. 25. By Acilius, xxxvii. 4. Is taken, 5.

Lampsacus attacked by Antiochus, xxxiii. 38; xxxv. 42. Is admitted into alliance with Rome, xliii. 6.

Lanuvians, revolt, vi. 21. Are made citizens of Rome, viii. 14.

Lanuvium, iii. 29; vi. 2; xxvi. 8; xxix. 14.

Lares, household gods, viii. 9. Permarini, xl. 52.

Larissa, a council of the Thessalians held there, xxxvi. 8. Philip’s forces assembled, xxviii. 5; xxxii. 15, 25, 33; xxxvi. 9.

——, Cremaste, xlii. 56.

Larissus, river, xxvii. 31.

Lars, or Lartes. _See_ Porsenna and Tolumnius.

Lartius, Sp., assists Horatius in defence of the bridge, ii. 10.

——, T., consul and first dictator, ii. 18. A second time consul, 21.

Laticlaves laid aside in mourning, ix. 7.

Latin festival, v. 17, 19; vi. 42; xxi. 63; xxii. 1; xxv. 11; xxxii. 1; xxxvii. 3; xl. 45.

Latins, whence so called, i. 2. Ancient Latins, 3, 32, 52.

——, are conquered by Ancus Marcius, and many removed to Rome, i, 32, 33. Their wars with Tarquinius Priscus, 35, 38. A treaty concluded with them, 50, 52. They suffer a severe overthrow at the lake Regillus, ii. 19, 20. Are admitted into alliance, 33. They assist the Romans against the Æquans and Volscians, iii. 7. Revolt, vi. 2. Obtain peace, vii. 12. Ravage Samnium, viii. 2. Require a consul, and half the senate of Rome, to be chosen out of Latium, 5. The Romans declare war, and entirely subdue them, 6—14.

Latinus, king, forms an alliance and affinity with Æneas, i. 1.

——, Sylvius, king of Alba, i. 8.

Latona, v. 13; xxv. 12.

Lavinia married to Æneas, and Lavinium built, i. 1.

Laurentians, the treaty with them renewed annually, ten days after the Latin festival, viii. 11.

Lautia, entertainment furnished to ambassadors, xxviii. 39; xxx. 17.

Lautulæ, vii, 39; ix. 23.

Lauturniæ, xxvi. 27; xxxvii. 3; xxxix. 44.

Law, Divine and human, i. 18.

——, civil, published by Flavius, ix. 46.

Laws of the twelve tables, iii. 34, 57.

Lebadia, xlv. 27.

Lectisternium, or banquet of the gods, the first at Rome, and the ceremonies used, v. 13; vii. 2, 27; viii, 24; xxii. 1, 10, &c.; one at Cære, xxi. 62.

Legion, and its divisions, described, viii. 8. Linen legion of the Samnites, x. 38.

Lemnos, island, xxviii. 5.

Leonatus, commander of the chosen band of Perseus, xlii. 51.

Leonides, Lacedæmonian, commands the Grecian auxiliaries under Perseus, xlii. 51.

Leonorius and Lutarius, Gallic chieftains, seize Byzantium, xxxviii. 16.

Leontini, Hieronymus is slain there, xxiv. 7. The city is occupied by Hippocrates and Epicydes, 29. Taken by Marcellus, 30.

Leptis, xxx. 25. The dominion of it disputed by Masinissa and the Carthaginians, xxxiv. 62.

Letus, mount, where the Ligurians are defeated, xli. 18.

Leucas, promontory and island, xxvi. 26; xxxiii. 16. Taken by the Romans, 17. Is exempted from the government of the Acarnanians, xlv. 31.

Leucaspis phalanx, xliv. 41.

Levy of troops not made out of the whole people indiscriminately, iv. 46.

——, of volunteers, ix. 10.

——, of all kinds of men, x. 21.

——, of slaves, xxii. 57; xxiii. 14.

——, made with difficulty, xxv. 5. _See_ xxii. 37, 38; xxiv. 11; xxvi. 35; xxvii. 38.

Liber and Libera, their temple, iii. 55.

Liberty, temple of, xxiv. 16. Court in which the Tarentine hostages were kept, xxv. 7; xxxiv. 44.

Libitina, xl. 19; xli. 21.

Libuan Gauls, xxi. 38.

Liburnians, a savage people, x. 2.

Libyphœnicians, xxi. 22, xxv. 40.

Licinius Macer, who wrote a history of Rome, iv. 7, 20, 23; vii. 9; x. 9, &c.

Licinius, C., plebeian tribune, ii. 33.

——, consular tribune, vi. 31. First plebeian master of horse, 39; x. 8.

——, Calvus Stolo, C., plebeian, married to the daughter of Fab. Ambustus, is made plebeian tribune, vi. 35. Being plebeian tribune a tenth time, he effects the passing of his laws against the patricians, vi. 42. Is consul, ix. 2. Again, 9. Is condemned on one of his own laws, 16.

——, C., ambassador to Carthage, xxi. 18.

——, Crassus, C., prætor, xlii. 9, 27. Consul, 28. Proconsul and commissioner to settle the affairs of Macedonia, xlv. 17.

——, L., prætor, xxvii. 8.

——, Pollio, L., xxvii. 27.

——, Lucullus, L., curule ædile, xxx. 39.

——, M., military tribune, slain, xxvii. 12.

——, Lucullus, M., prætor, xxxix. 6.

——, Strabo, M., military tribune, xli. 2.

——, Calvus, P., first plebeian consular tribune, v. 12. The same post being offered to him again, he requests it may be conferred on his son, 18.

————, consular tribune, v. 18, 20.

——, Crassus, P., chief pontiff, xxv. 5. Master of horse, xxvii. 5. Censor, 6. Prætor, 21. Consul, xxviii. 38. He and his army suffer by sickness, xxix. 10. He and the consul Sempronius defeat Hannibal, 36. His character, xxxi. 1.

——, Varus, P., curule ædile, xxvii. 6. Prætor, 21.

——, P., chief pontiff, disputes with Fabius, flamen of Quirinus, xxxvii. 51. His death, xxxix. 46.

——, Crassus, P., prætor, xli. 14. Consul, xlii. 28.

——, Tegula, P., poet, xxxi. 12.

Ligurians, v. 35. Ambassadors sent to them from Rome, xxii. 33. They prepare aid for Hasdrubal, xxvii. 39. Join Mago, xxviii. 46; xxix. 5. Ravage the country on the Po, xxxiv. 56. Invest Pisa, xxxv. 3. Are subdued by Minucius, xxxvii. 2. Both consuls are sent against them, xxxviii. 42. They surrender, and are removed from the mountains, xl. 38, 41. They prepare for war, xli. 11. Are defeated by C. Claudius, 12. They seize Mutina, xli. 14. Are defeated, 18. Again, xlii. 7. They and their effects are sold, 8.

Ligustinus, Sp., receives public thanks for encouraging the levies, xlii. 34.

Lilybæum, promontory, xxv. 31; xxvii. 5. Sea-fight near it, xxi. 50.

Linen books, iv. 7.

Lingonians, v. 35.

Linternum, xxii. 16; xxiii. 35.

Liparensian pirates, v. 28.

Liparæ islands, xxi. 49.

Liris river, x. 21; xxvi. 9, 34.

Litana, wood, where the Gauls destroy a Roman army, xxiii. 24.

Livius, poet, first who wrote comedy on a regular plot, vii. 2.

——, C., pontiff, xxvi. 23. Curule ædile, xxix. 38. Prætor, xxx. 26. Consul, xxxviii. 35; xliii. 11.

——, L., prætor, xlv. 44.

——, Denter, M., consul, x. 1. One of the first plebeian pontiffs, 9. Dictates to Decius the form of devoting himself, 28.

——, M., ambassador to Carthage, xxi. 18. Eight years after a severe sentence had been passed on him, he is brought back to Rome, and, against his will, made consul a second time, xxvii. 34. He vanquishes Hasdrubal, 46, 49. Triumphs, xxviii. 9. Is made dictator, 10. Censor; he acquires the surname Salinator, and maintains a shameful dispute with his colleague, xxix. 37.

————, defends Tarentum, xxiv. 20. Is obliged to retire into the citadel, xxv. 10, 11; xxvi. 39. A dispute about him in the senate, xxvii. 25.

——, Macatus, M., xxvii. 34.

——, T., wrote in the reign of Augustus, xxviii. 12. _See_ iv. 20.

Locri, revolts to the Carthaginians, xxii. 60; xxiii. 30. Is besieged by Crispinus, xxvii. 25. Retaken by Scipio, xxix. 6, 7. Is put under the command of Pleminius, 8. His conduct there, 8-21. Its laws and liberty are restored by the senate, 21.

Locris, in Greece, xxvi. 26; xxviii. 6; xxxii. 18, 32.

Locusts waste Campania, xxx. 11.

Longula, ii. 33; ix. 39.

Loryma, port, xxxvii. 17; xlv. 10.

Lua, mother, viii. 1.

Luca, xxi. 59; xli. 13.

Lucanians, support the Samnites against Alexander of Epirus, viii. 17. Make an alliance with the Romans, 25. Revolt, 27. Are suppressed, x. 11, 18. Several of their towns are taken by the Romans, xxv. 1. They submit, xxvii. 15.

Luceres, tribe, i. 13; x. 6.

——, century of knights, i. 13, 36.

Luceria, ix. 2. Roman hostages kept there, 12. Is taken by the Romans, 15. Lost, and recovered, and settled as a colony, 26. Is attacked by the Samnites, x. 35.

Lucretia, wife of Collatinus, i. 57. Violated by Sex. Tarquinius, she kills herself, 58.

Lucretius, C., commander of a fleet, xl. 26. Is accused by the people of Chalcis, xliii. 7; and condemned, 8.

Lucretius Gallus, C, prætor, xlii. 28.

——, Tricipitinus, Hostus, consul, iv. 30.

——, Flavus, L., consul, defeats the Æquans, v. 29. Consular tribune, he defeats the Volsinians, 32.

——, Tricipitinus, L., consul, vanquishes the Volscians, and triumphs, iii. 8, 10.

——————, consular tribune, iv. 4. A second time, 21. A third, 22.

——, L., quæstor, betrayed to Hannibal, xxi. 59.

——, M., plebeian tribune, xxvii. 5.

——, P., consul, ii. 15.

——, Tricipitinus, P., consular tribune, iv. 44. Again, 47.

——, P., governor of Rome, iii. 24.

——, Sp., father of Lucretia, i. 58. Dies in the consulship, ii. 8.

————, prætor, xxviii. 38. Is continued in command, xxix. 13. Again, xxx. 1.

——, T., consul, ii. 8. Again, 16.

Lucumo, son of Demaratus, removes to Rome, where he is called Tarquinius, i. 34.

——, debauches the wife of Aruns of Clusium, v. 33.

Luna, city, xli. 19; xliii. 9; xlv. 13.

——, harbour, xxxiv. 8; xxxix. 21.

Lupercal, i. 5.

Lusitania, xxi. 43; xxvii. 20. Is subdued by Æmilius Paullus, xxxvii. 57.

Lustrum. _See_ Survey.

Lutarius, Gallic chieftain, xxxviii. 16.

Lutatius, Cn., made prisoner by the Boians, xxi. 25. Is restored to liberty sixteen years after, xxx. 19.

——, Cerco, Cn., ambassador to Ptolemy, xlii. 6.

——, Q., consul, xxx. 44.

Lycaonia, xxxviii. 38; xxxix. 54.

Lycæum, at Athens, burned by Philip, xxxi. 24.

Lycean Pan, i. 5.

Lycia, xxxiii. 41; xxxvii. 16, 23. The Lycians complain of the Rhodians, xli. 6.

Lycortas, of Megalopolis, general of horse, father of Polybius the historian, xxxv. 29. Ambassador of the Achæans to Rome, xxxviii. 32. Prætor, xxxix. 35.

Lycurgus, tyrant of Lacedæmon, xxxiv. 26.

——, lawgiver, his laws and institutions abolished, xxxviii. 34; xxxix. 33, 36.

Lycus, in Dassaretia, xxxi. 33; xxxii. 9.

Lydia, xxxviii. 39.

Lyncus, xxvi. 25.

Lysimachia, having been sacked and burned by the Thracians, is rebuilt by Antiochus, xxxiii. 38, 40, 41; xxxiv. 58.

Lysimachus, king, xxxiv. 58.

——, Macedonian courtier, xl. 8.

Lysinoe, city, xxxviii. 15.

Macedonia, i. 1; ix. 18. An obscure state before the reign of Philip, son of Amyntas, subsisted from its highest summit of grandeur under Alexander to Perseus, the last king, 150 years, xlv. 9, 30. _See_ Philip, Perseus.

Macedonian army compared with the Roman, ix. 19. Solemnity of its purification, xl. 6.

——, phalanx, ix. 19.

——, territory, divided into four districts, xlv. 29.

Machanidas, tyrant of Sparta, makes war on the Achæans, xxvii. 30; xxviii. 5, 7.

Macri, or long, plains so called, xli. 18; xlv. 12.

Macris, island, xxxvii. 13, 28, 29.

Maduatenians, xxxviii. 40.

Mæander, river, xxxvii. 55; xxxviii 13, 15.

Mæcian tribe added, viii. 17.

Mæcilius, Sp., a turbulent plebeian tribune, iv. 48.

Mædica, xxvi. 25; xl. 21, 22.

Mælius, P., consular tribune, v. 12. Again, 18.

——, Q., plebeian tribune, ix. 8.

——, Sp., aspires to absolute power, iv. 13. Is summoned to attend the dictator Cincinnatus, and slain by Servilius Ahala, 14. His house is demolished, 16.

Mænalus, mount, xxxiv. 28.

Mænius, C., consul, triumphs over the Aricians and Lavinians, viii. 13. Dictator; he abdicates, is accused, and acquitted, ix. 26, 34.

——, L., plebeian tribune, regulates the interest of money, vii. 16.

——, M., proposes an Agrarian law, and obstructs the levies, iv. 53.

————, plebeian tribune, in the commotions excited by Manlius, submits to the direction of the senate, vi. 19; and prosecutes Manlius, 20.

————, military tribune, falls in a battle with Mago, xxx. 18.

——, P., consular tribune, v. 12.

——, T. prætor, xxxix. 6, 8.

Mæsian wood, i. 33.

Magaba, mount, xxxviii. 19.

Magalus, Boian chief, xxi. 29.

Magistrates, curule, iv. 7. Their election prevented during five years by the plebeian tribunes, vi. 35. Auspices are not observed at the election of plebeian magistrates, vi. 41.

Magius, Cn., medixtuticus, or chief magistrate of Campania, xxiv. 19.

——, Decius, Capuan, maintains his fidelity to the Romans, and takes refuge in Egypt, xxiii. 7, 10.

Magnesia, on the Meander, xxxvii. 45.

——, near Sipylus, xxxvi. 43; xxxvii. 11, 37, 44.

Magnesians, and Magnetarch, xxxiii. 34; xxxv. 31.

Mago, brother of Hannibal, xxi. 47, 54; xxii. 46. Carries to Carthage an account of Hannibal’s successes, xxiii. 12, 13. Is sent into Spain, and defeated at Illiturgi, 32, 49. He levies troops, xxiv. 42. In conjunction with Hasdrubal, Gisgo defeats P. Scipio, xxv. 32, 34. His camp is taken by Marcius, 39. He joins his brother, Hasdrubal, xxvii. 20. Is obliged to fly, xxviii. 2. Sails to Italy, and takes Genoa, 37, 46. Is defeated by the Romans, xxx. 18. Dies, 19.

——, Carthaginian ambassador to Philip, xxiii. 34.

——, Barcine made prisoner in Sardinia, xxiii. 41.

——, governor of New Carthage, surrenders to Scipio, xxvi. 44, 46.

Maharbal, son of Himilco, xxi. 12, 45. Pursues the Romans flying from Trasimenus, xxii. 6. Advises Hannibal, after the battle of Cannæ, to march directly to Rome, 51; xxiii. 18.

Malea, promontory, xxxi. 44, 47; xxxii. 16; xlii. 56.

Maleventum, ix. 27; x. 15.

Malian bay, xxvii. 30; xxxi. 46.

Mallæa, xxxi. 41.

Mamertines, xxviii. 28; xxx. 31.

Mamilius Vitulus, C., first plebeian chief curio, xxvii. 8. Ambassador to Philip, xxx. 26. Prætor, xxxv. 38.

——, L., dictator, of Tusculum, assists the Romans, iii. 18, 29.

——, Oct., of Tusculum, descended from Ulysses and Circe, marries the daughter of Tarquinius the proud, i. 49. Entertains him in his exile, ii. 15. Raises thirty states against the Romans, 18. Is wounded at Regillus, 19.

——, Q., plebeian ædile, xxvii. 36.

——, Thurinus, Q., prætor, xxviii. 10.

Mandonius, xxii. 22. Brother of Indibilis, chief of the Ilergetians, xxvi. 49. He joins the Romans, and his wife and children are restored to him, xxvii. 17. He goes over to the enemy, xxviii. 24. Is defeated, 33; and pardoned by Scipio, 34. Rebels, is taken and put to death, xxix. 3.

Manduria taken by Fabius, xxvii. 15.

Manes, the rites proper for appeasing them are directed by the chief pontiff, i. 20. Decius devotes himself to the gods, manes, and the earth, viii. 9.

Manicius, prætor of Præneste, xxiii. 19.

Manilius, Sex., a leader in the secession of the soldiers, iii. 5.

Manipulus, a company of soldiers, i. 52. vii. 24; viii. 8.

Manlian orders, iv. 29; viii. 7.

Manlius, Aul., consul, is accused, ii. 54. His accuser is murdered, and he is made decemvir, iii. 33.

————, consular tribune, iv. 61. A second time, v. 8. A third, 16. Sent with a golden bason to Delphi, is taken by Liparæan pirates, and set at liberty, 28.

——, Capitolinus, A., consular tribune, vi. 1. Again, 11. A third time, 21. A fourth, 36.

——, A., military tribune, killed, xxvii. 27.

————, consul when the first Punic war was terminated, xxx. 44.

——, Vulso, A., consul, xl. 59.

——, C., consular tribune, vi. 30.

——, Cn., consul, ii. 43.

————, consul, defeats the Tiburtians, vii. 12. Again consul, 16. Interrex, 17. Censor, 22. Master of horse, 28.

——, Vulso, C., prætor, xxxiii. 42. Consul, xxxvii. 47. Commands in Gallogræcia, xxxviii. 12. And after surmounting many difficulties, entirely subdues the Gauls, 27. Is accused by his own lieutenant-generals, xxxviii. 45. A triumph is decreed to him, 50; xxxix. 6.

——, Imperiosus, L., dictator, vii. 3. His severity to his son, and the dutiful conduct of the latter, 4, 5.

——, Capitolinus, L., consular tribune, iv. 42.

——, Torquatus, L., lieutenant-general, slain by the Gauls, x. 26.

——, L., prætor, is defeated by the Boian Gauls, xxi. 17, 25.

——, Acidinus, L. prætor, xxvi. 23. Commands an army at Narnia, xxvii. 43, 50. Succeeds Scipio in the province of Spain, xxviii. 38. His conduct there, xxix. 2, 3, 13. He is disappointed of an ovation by M. Porcius Læca, xxxii. 7.

——, L., having assaulted Carthaginian ambassadors, is delivered up to them by the feciales, and sent to Carthage, xxxviii. 42.

————, prætor, xxxviii. 35. Is refused a triumph, and allowed an ovation, xxxix. 29. Consul, xl. 43.

——, M., consular tribune, iv. 44.

——, Capitolinus, M., consul, v. 31. He saves the Capitol, 47. Is made interrex, vi. 5. His ambition and seditious behaviour, 11—18. He is brought to trial, condemned, and thrown from the Tarpeian rock, 20.

——, P., consular tribune, vi. 30. Dictator, 38.

——, Vulso, P., prætor, xxvi. 23; xxvii. 6.

——, T., son of L., an example of filial duty, vii. 5. He kills a Gaul in single combat, and is named Torquatus, 10. Is made dictator, 19. A second time, 26. Consul, 27. Again, 28. A third time, viii. 3. Puts his son to death, 7.

Manlius Torquatus, T., consul, dies, in consequence of a fall from his horse, x. 11.

——, votes against ransoming the prisoners taken at Cannæ, xxii. 60. Is sent governor of Sardinia, and subdues the island, xxiii. 34, 40, 41. Is a candidate for the post of chief pontiff, xxv. 5. Refuses the consulship, xxvi. 22. Is made dictator, xxvii. 33.

Manly gown, xxvi. 19.

Mannus, a slave, discovers a plot of the Calavii to burn Rome, xxvi. 27.

Mantua, xxiv. 10.

Marcian shield, xxv. 39.

Marcius, C., signalizes himself in the taking of Corioli, and is surnamed Coriolanus, ii. 33. Warmly opposes the plebeian tribunes, 34. Goes into exile, 35. Is made general of the Volscians, 39. Is prevailed on by his mother to retire from Rome, and dies, 40.

————, plebeian tribune, prosecutes Q. Fabius for taking part in a fight against the Gauls, vi. 1.

——, Rutilus, C., consul, triumphs over the Privernians, vii. 16. First plebeian dictator, he triumphs without leave of the senate, 27. Consul a second time, 21. First plebeian censor, 22. A third time consul, 28. A fourth, 38.

——, C., augur, x. 9.

——, Rutilus, C., consul, ix. 33. Takes Allifæ, 38. Is pontiff, x. 9. Censor, 47.

——, L., chosen general by the soldiers on the death of the two Scipios in Spain, xxv. 37. He takes the two camps of the enemy, 39. He gives offence to the senate, xxvi. 2. Takes Astapa, xxviii. 22.

——, M., xxvii. 6.

——, Ralla, M., prætor, xxix. II; xxx. 38.

——, Sermo, M., and Q. Marcius Scylla, xlii. 21.

——, Numa, pontiff, i. 20.

——, Philippus, Q,. prætor, xxxviii. 35. Consul, xxxix. 6. Commissioner of religious affairs, xl. 42. His conference with Perseus, and insidious conduct, xlii. 40, 43. Again consul, xliii. 11. Goes into Macedonia, xliv. 1, 16.

——, Ralla, Q., xxxv. 41.

——, Rex, Q., plebeian tribune, xxxiii. 25.

——, a soothsayer, xxv. 12.

Marica’s grove, xxvii. 37.

Marius Blosius, prætor, at Capua, favours Hannibal, xxiii. 7.

Marius Statilius detects a stratagem of Hannibal, xxii. 42.

Maronea, in Samnium, xxvii. 1.

——, in Greece, xxxi. 16; xxxvii. 60.

Mars Gradivus, i. 20; ii. 45.

Mars’s field dedicated, i. 44; ii. 5.

Marsians, viii. 6. Revolt, ix. 41. Are conquered and fined, x. 3; xxii. 9. They furnish seamen, xxviii. 45.

Marsyas river, xxxviii. 13.

Marucinians, viii. 29; ix. 45; xxii. 9.

Masæsylians, subjects of Syphax, xxiv. 48; xxviii. 17; xxix. 32; xxx. 11.

Masgaba, son of Masinissa, comes to Rome, xlv. 13, 14.

Masinissa, king of the Masylian Numidians, overthrows Syphax, xxiv. 48, 49. In alliance with the Carthaginians, he gives much trouble to P. Scipio, xxv. 34. Confers, and forms a treaty with him, xxviii. 16, 35. Complains of Scipio’s delay, xxix. 4. His various turns of fortune, and expulsion from his kingdom, 29—32. He joins Scipio, 33. Burns the camp of Syphax, xxx. 5. Recovers his kingdom, 11. Marries Sophonisba, and being reproved by Scipio, sends her poison, 12, 14, 15. Receives a large addition to his dominions, 44. Presents sent to him from Rome, xxxi. 11. He sends a supply to the Romans, 19. Another, very large, xxxvi. 4. A dispute between him and the Carthaginians is pleaded at Rome, xlii. 23, 24.

Massilians, a colony from Phocæa, v. 34. Inform the Romans of Hannibal’s passing the Iberus, xxi. 25. Act as guides to Scipio, 26.

Massiva, nephew of Masinissa, is taken prisoner, and sent back to his uncle by Scipio, xxvii. 19; xxviii. 35.

Master of horse, the first, Sp. Cassius, ii. 18. The first plebeian, C. Licinius, vi. 39. Master of horse raised to an equality of power with the dictator, xxii. 25. A dictator without a master of horse, xxiii. 22, 23.

Matienus, M., prætor, xli. 28. Goes into exile, xliii. 2.

——, P., military tribune, abused by Pleminius, xxix. 6, 8.

Matrons mourn a year for Brutus, ii. 7; and for Publicola, 16. Bring all their gold and ornaments to the treasury, v. 25. Make a contribution towards satisfying the Gauls, 50. Are repaid, vi. 4. A dispute between the patricians and plebeians, x. 23. They dedicate a brazen statue to Juno on the Aventine, xxi. 62. Also, a golden bason, xxvii. 37. Receive the mother of the gods, xxix. 14.

Matuta, Mother, v. 21; xxv. 7; xxix. 37; xli. 28.

Mavors, Mars, xxii. 1.

Mauri, or Moors, auxiliaries to Hasdrubal in Spain, xxi. 22; xxviii. 17. Escort Masinissa, xxix. 30.

Maurusians, xxiv. 49.

Mecilius, L., plebeian tribune, ii. 58.

Mædians, Thracian, xxviii. 5.

Medians, Asiatic, xxxv. 48.

Mediolanum founded by the Gauls, v. 34. Defeat of the Gauls there, xxxiv. 46.

Medixtuticus, title of the chief magistrate of Campania, xxiv. 19; xxvi. 6.

Medullia, i. 33, 38.

Megalesian games, xxix. 14.

Megalopolis, xxxii. 5; xxxvi. 31.

Megalopolitans, xxviii. 8; xxxii. 22.

Megara, in Sicily, xxiv. 30, 35.

——, in Greece, xxviii. 7; xxxi. 22.

Megiste, port, xxxvii. 22, 24, 44.

Mele, or Meles, xxiv. 20; xxvii. 1.

Melessum, xxviii. 3.

Melibœa, xxxvi. 13. Besieged by the Romans, xliv. 13. Taken, 46.

Melita, island, xxi. 51.

Memmius, C., prætor, xlii. 10.

Memnon, xxxii. 22.

Memphis, xlv. 12.

Menenius, Agrippa, consul, ii. 16. He brings home the commons from the sacred mount, 32. Dies, 33.

————, commissioner of a colony, iv. 11.

——, Lanatus, Agrippa, consul, iv. 13. Consular tribune, 45. Again, 47.

——, C., consul, iii. 32.

——, Lanatus, L., consul, iv. 12.

——, L., consular tribune, vi. 5. Again, 2.

——, T., consul, ii. 51, 52.

Meninx, island, xxii. 31.

Menippus, Macedonian general, xxvii. 32; xxviii. 5.

——, envoy of Antiochus to the Ætolians, xxxv. 32; xxxvi. 10.

Mens, Mind, a temple dedicated to her, xxii. 10; xxiii. 31.

Mensarii triumviri, commissioners of the public accounts appointed for the liquidation of debts, vii. 21; xxiii. 21.

Mercenary troops, first employed by the Romans, xxiv. 49.

Merchants, a college of them, ii. 27.

Mercury, ii. 21; v. 13.

Mercury’s hill, xxvi. 44. Promontory, xxix. 27.

Mericus, a Spaniard, betrays the island, a part of Syracuse, to the Romans, xxv. 30. Is rewarded with the freedom of Rome and a golden crown, xxvi. 21.

Messana, in Sicily, xxi. 49; xxiv. 1; xxix. 7, 9.

Messapians, viii. 24.

Messene, in Peloponnesus, xxix. 12. Is besieged by the Achæans, and united to them, xxxvi. 31.

Metapontus, i. 18; viii. 24; xxv. 11; xxvii. 1.

Metapontines, after the battle of Cannæ, revolt to Hannibal, xxii. 61; xxv. 15; xxvii. 16.

Metapontine lands, xxiv. 20.

Metaurus river, xxvii. 47.

Metellus, Q., curule ædile, xxvii. 36. Argues in favour of P. Scipio, xxix. 20.

Metilius, M., plebeian tribune, inveighs against Fabius, xxii. 15. Proposes to give the master of horse equal authority with the dictator, 25.

Metilius, Sp. plebeian tribune, iv. 48.

——, Croto, T., lieutenant-general, xxiii. 31.

Metropolis surrenders to the Romans, xxxii. 15; xxxvi. 10.

Mettius Curtius, i. 12, 13.

——, Fuffetius, dictator of Alba, i. 23. His treachery, 27. Punishment, 28.

——, Vectius, Volscian, distinguishes himself highly in battle, iv. 28.

Mevania, ix. 41.

Mezentius, king of Etruria, i. 2.

Mezetulus, Numidian, disputes the throne with Capusa, xxix. 29. Is obliged to fly, 30.

Mictio, general at Chalcis, xxxv. 38.

Milesians, xxxviii. 39.

Miletus, xxxviii. 13.

Milionia, x. 3, 34.

Milo, favourite of Perseus, xliv. 32. Forsakes him, 45.

Milvian, or Mulvian bridge, xxvii. 51.

Mincius, river, xxiv. 10; xxxii. 30.

Minerva discovered the use of numbers, vii. 3.

——, Alcis, xlii. 51.

——, Itonia, xxxvi. 20.

Minerva’s promontory, xl. 18; xlii. 20.

Mines in a siege, v. 19, 21; xxiii. 18.

Minii Celeres entertain Hannibal in Capua, xxiii. 8.

Minio, prime minister of Antiochus, xxxv. 15, 16; xxxvii. 40.

Minoa Heraclea, xxiv. 35.

Minors, their money lent to the public, xxiv. 18.

Minturnæ, viii. 11; ix. 25. A colony settle there, x. 21; xxvii. 38.

Minucia, a vestal, buried alive, viii. 15.

Minucius, L., consular tribune, his bad conduct, iii. 25, 26. He is relieved by the dictator Cincinnatus, and ordered to abdicate, 29.

————, decemvir, iii. 35.

————, director of the market, discovers to the senate the designs of Mælius, iv. 13. Is rewarded, 16.

——, Myrtilus, L., having ill-treated ambassadors of Carthage, is sent thither in custody, xxxviii. 42.

——, L., prætor, xxxi. 4.

——, M., consul, ii. 21. Again, 34.

————, plebeian tribune, v. 11.

——, Fessus, M., plebeian augur, x. 9.

——, Rufus, M., master of horse to Fabius, xxii. 8. Censures his caution, 14. Is invested with equal authority, 26. Engages Hannibal, and is saved by Fabius from a total defeat, 28, 29. Acknowledges his misconduct, 30. Is killed at Cannæ, 49.

Minucius, M., plebeian tribune, xxiii. 21.

——, P., military tribune, xxxv. 5.

——, Q., consul, iii. 30.

——, lieutenant-general, xxvi. 33.

——, Thermus, Q., prætor, xxxiii. 24.

——, Rufus, Q., prætor, xxxi. 4. Consul, xxxii. 27.

——, Thermus, Q., curule ædile, xxxii. 27. Prætor, xxxiii. 26. Consul, xxxiv. 54; xxxv. 20. Defeats the Ligurians, 21. Is refused a triumph, xxxvii. 46. Dies, xxxviii. 41.

——, T., consul, defeats the Samnites, ix. 44.

——, Rufus, T., xlii. 54.

——, Molliculus, T., prætor, xl. 35.

Misagenes, son of Masinissa, xlii. 29. Brings aid to the Romans against Perseus, 62.

Misenum, promontory, xxiv. 13.

Mithridates, son of Antiochus, xxxiii. 19.

Mitylene, xxxvii. 21.

Molossis, viii. 24.

Moneta, Juno, vi. 20.

Money, lent out of the treasury, secured by mortgages and bonds, xxii. 60.

——, of widows and minors lent to the public, xxiv. 18.

Mopsian faction, at Compsa, xxiii. 1.

Mother, Idæan, xxix. 10. Her priests come out of Pessinus to meet the consul Manlius, xxxviii. 18.

Mucian meadows, ii. 1.3.

Mucius, C, mistakes Porsenna’s secretary for the king, and kills him, burns his right-hand, and is thence called Scævola, ii. 12, 13.

——, P., prætor, xl. 44.

——, Scævola, Q., prætor, xxiii. 24.

Mummius, C, prætor, xli. 8.

——, L. and Q., oppose the proposal of Petillius respecting Scipio Africanus, xxxviii. 54.

Munatius, C, prætor, xlii. 4.

Munda, xxiv. 42. Taken by Gracchus, xl. 47.

Murcia, goddess, i. 33.

Murgantia, in Samnium, taken, x. 17.

——, in Sicily, xxiv. 17, 36; xxvi. 21.

Mutina, xxi. 25; xxvii. 21; xxxv. 4, 6.

Mutines, having learned the art of war under Hannibal, is very troublesome to the Romans in Sicily, xxv. 40; xxvi. 21. Is ill-treated by Hanno, 40. Surrenders Agrigentum to the Romans, xxvii. 5.

Mutiny of Roman soldiers, iv. 50; xxviii. 24, &c.

Mycenica, near Argos, xxxii. 39.

Myla, river, xxiv. 30, 31.

Myndus, xxxvii. 16.

Mysia, xxxviii. 39.

Nabis, tyrant of Lacedæmon, xxix. 12. Forms an alliance with Philip, xxxii. 38. Sends aid to the Romans, 40. War is declared against him by the other states of Greece, xxxiv. 24. He refuses the terms of peace offered by the Romans, 36. Being besieged in Lacedæmon, he is forced to comply with them, 40. The Achæans declare war against him, xxxv. 25. He is defeated, 30. Put to death, 35.

Nadagara, a conference there between Scipio and Hannibal, xxx. 29.

Nævian gate, ii. 11.

Nævius Crista, Q., prefect of allies, drives Philip out of his camp at Apollonia, xxiv. 40.

——, Balbus, L., prætor, xlv. 13.

——, M., said by some to be the accuser of P. Scipio, xxxviii. 56.

——, Q., commissioner of a colony, xxxiv. 53; xxxv. 40.

——, Matho, Q., prætor, xxxix. 32.

Nail driven by a dictator, vii. 3; ix. 28. viii. 18.

Narnia, colony, x. 9, 10. Refuses supplies, xxvii. 9; xxix. 15.

Narnian tribe, vi. 5; xxix. 37.

Nasos, or Island, part of Syracuse, xxv. 24. Taken by the Romans, 30.

Navius, Accius, i. 36.

——, Q., advises to mix footmen with the cavalry, xxvi. 4. His brave conduct, 5.

Naupactum, xxvi. 26; xxvii, 30; xxxvl. 30.

Naustathmus, port at Phocæa, xxxvii. 31.

Nautius, C., consul, ii. 52. Again, iii. 25. He routs the Sabines, xxvi. 29.

——, Rutilus, C., consul, iv. 52.

——, Sp., consul, ii. 39.

——, Rutilus, Sp., consular tribune, iv. 35. Again, 45.

——————, commands the cohorts of the allies, x. 41. Is honoured for his bravery, 44.

Neapolis, viii. 22. Its ambassadors offer gold to the Romans, who accept the smallest bason, xxii. 32. Its lands are ravaged by Hannibal, xxiv. 13.

Nemean games, the direction of them given to Philip, xxvii. 30, 31; to T. Quintius, xxxiv. 41.

Nepete, is taken by the Etrurians, and recovered by the Romans, vi. 9, 10. A colony is settled there, 21. It refuses supplies, xxvii. 9. Is punished, xxix. 15.

Neptune, equestrian, i. 9. A lectisternium to obtain his favour, v. 13; xxii. 10.

Neptunian lake, xxxix. 44.

Nerulum, stormed by the Romans, ix. 20.

Nessus, river, xlv. 29.

Nicæa, city, on the Malean bay, xxviii. 5; xxxv. 26.

Nicander, a leader of pirates, xxxvii. 11.

——, Ætolian prætor, xxxviii. 4, 5.

Nicias, Achæan prætor, xxviii. 8.

——, Macedonian, put to death by Perseus, xliv. 10.

Nico forms a conspiracy, and betrays Tarentum to Hannibal, xxv. 8, 9. Kills D. Quintius, xxvi. 39. Is killed in the capture of Tarentum, xxvii. 16.

Nicodamus, Ætolian general, xl. 5.

Nile river, xliv. 19.

Nola, taken by the Romans, ix. 28. Is besieged by Hannibal, xxiii. 14, 16. Again, 43, 46. The plebeian party invite Hannibal, xxiv. 13.

Nomentan road, iii. 52.

Nomentum, taken by Tarquinius Priscus, i. 38; iv. 22.

Norba, Roman colony, ii. 34. Is attacked by the Privernians, vii. 42. Maintains constant friendship with the Romans, xxvii. 10.

Nortia, Etrurian goddess, vii. 3.

Novendiale sacrum, or nine days’ festival, i. 31; xxi. 62; xxv. 7; xxvi. 23, &c.

Novensiles, deities, viii. 9.

Nuceria, ix. 38. Is taken by Hannibal, xxiii. 15, 16. The inhabitants are removed to Atella, xxvii. 30.

Numa Pompilius, is chosen king, i. 18. His various religious institutions, 21. His commentaries, 32. His books of philosophy discovered, xl. 29.

Numerius Decimius, Samnite, xxii. 24.

Numicius, river, i. 2.

——, L., Latin prætor, summoned to Rome, viii. 3.

——, Priscus, T., consul, defeats the Volscians, ii. 63.

Numidians, xxi. 22; xxiv. 48; xxix. 23, 31, 34; xxx. 12; xxxv. 11. _See_ Syphax, Masinissa, Gala.

Numisius, Latin general, viii. 11.

Numitor, king of Alba, i. 3, 5.

Numitorius, L., chosen tribune in an assembly of the tribes, ii. 58.

Nursians promise soldiers to Scipio, xxviii. 45.

Nymphius betrays Palæpolis to the Romans, viii. 25, 26.

Ocriculum, ix. 41; xxii. 11.

Octavius Metius, x. 41.

——, Cn., prætor, xxviii. 38. He captures eighty Carthaginian ships, 46. Is sent ambassador to Africa, xxxi. 11. Made commissioner of a colony, xxxiv. 45. Prætor, xliv. 17. He triumphs over Macedonia, xlv. 42.

Octolophus, in Dassaretia, xxxi. 36.

Odrysians, xxxix. 53; xliv. 42.

Oeneum, xliii. 19.

Oenus river, xxxiv. 28.

Oesalces succeeds his brother Gala in the kingdom of Numidia, xxix. 29-31.

Oeta, mount, the highest part called Callidromos, xxxvi. 15, 22, 30; xxxvii. 5; xli. 22.

Ofilius Calavius, a Campanian, his opinion of the silence of the Romans going home from Caudium, ix. 6.

Ogulnius, Aul., military tribune, xxxiii. 36.

——, Cn. and Q., plebeian tribunes, propose a law to open the priesthood to plebeians, x. 6. Are curule ædiles, 23.

——, M., is sent into Etruria to purchase corn, xxvii. 3.

Olba, in Sardinia, ravaged by Hamilcar, xxvii. 6.

Olcades, islands, conquered by Hannibal, xxi. 5.

Olympia, xxvi. 24; xlv. 28.

Olympian games, xxvii. 35; xxviii. 7.

——, Jupiter, xxiv. 21.

Olympias, mother of Alexander the Great, viii. 24.

——, city, formerly Connocondylum, xxxix. 25.

Olympium, temple, near Syracuse, xxiv. 33.

Olympus, mount, xxxviii. 18-20, 23.

Olzinium, xlv. 26.

Onesimus, a Macedonian, is received kindly by the Roman senate, admitted an ally, and presented with a house and land, xliv. 16.

Onomastus, by order of Philip, massacres the Maronites, xxxix. 34; xl. 8.

Opimia, a vestal, buried alive, xxii. 57.

Opimius Pansa, L., quæstor, x. 32.

Opiternius, L., a Faliscian, a leader of the Bacchanals, xxxix. 17.

Oppia, a vestal, condemned for a breach of chastity, ii. 42.

Oppia and Cluvia, Campanian women, their liberty and goods are restored by the Romans, xxvi. 33, 34.

Oppius, C., plebeian tribune, iii. 54.

————, præfect of allies, is surprised by the Gauls, and slain, xxxi. 2.

————, proposer of the law forbidding women the use of golden ornaments, and a debate about that law, xxxi. 1, 2, &c.

——, L., plebeian tribune, xxxii. 28.

——, Salinator, L., commander of a fleet protecting Sicily, xxxv. 23; prætor, 24.

——, M., leader of the seceding soldiers, iii. 51.

——, Cornicen, Sp., decemvir, iii. 35. Is left in Rome with Ap. Claudius, 41. Endeavours to assist him, 49. Assembles the senate, 50. Accused, and ordered into prison, he lays violent hands on himself, 58.

Ops, her temple struck by lightning, xxxix. 22.

Opus, is sacked by Attalus, xxviii. 7. Dissensions there, xxxii. 32. Its port Cynus, xxviii. 6.

Oracle of Delphi, i. 56; v. 15; xxix. 10,11.

——, of Jupiter, at Dodona, viii. 24.

Orbitanium, xxiv. 20.

Orestis, xxvii. 33.

Oretans, xxi. 11.

Oreum, xxviii. 5, 7, 8. Taken by the Romans, xxviii. 6. Again, by them and Attalus, xxxi. 46; xxxiii. 31, 34.

Oricum is taken by Philip, and retaken by the Romans, xxiv. 40; xxvi. 25; xxxiv. 51, 52; xlv. 33.

Oringis, or Aurinx, xxviii. 3.

Oroanda, xxxviii. 18, 37, 39.

Oroandes, a Cretan, robs Perseus of his treasure, xlv. 6.

Oropus, xlv. 27.

Orsua and Corbis determine, in single combat, their dispute about the throne, xxviii. 21.

Orthobula, wife of Proxenus, is condemned for poisoning her husband, xli. 25.

Ortiagon, a Gallic chief, xxxviii. 19. His wife’s ill-treatment and revenge, 24.

Ortona, ii. 43.

Oscan silver, from Osca, now Huesca in Spain, xxxiv. 10.

Oscians, inventors of the Atellan farce, vii. 2.

Ossa, mount, xlii. 54.

Ostia, built at the mouth of the Tiber, by Ancus Marcius, i. 33; xxii. 11, 27; xxiii. 38; xxv. 20; xxvii. 22; xxix. 14.

Otacilius, T., prætor, xxii. 10. Is sent as proprætor with a fleet to Sicily, xxiii. 32. Is disappointed in a near prospect of the consulship, by Q. Fabius, xxiv. 7, 9; xxv. 31; xxvi. 1, 22, 23.

Ovation, iii. 10, &c.

Ovile, enclosure in the field of Mars, where the centuries gave their votes, xxvi. 22.

Ovius Paccius, Samnite priest, directs the ceremonies in devoting the soldiers, x. 8.

Pachynum, promontory, xxiv. 27, 35; xxv. 27.

Pactius and Vibius, brothers, men of eminence in Bruttium, apply to Q. Fabius, xxvii. 15.

Padus, now Po, river, v. 33, 35; xxi. 43, 47, 52.

Pæonia, xxxiii. 19; xxxviii. 17; xxxix. 54. Afterwards called Emathia, xl. 3.

Pæstum, viii. 17; xxii. 36; xxvi. 39; xxvii. 10.

Palæpharsalus, xliv. 1.

Palæpolis, viii. 22. Surrendered to the Romans, xxv. 26.

Palatine hill, i. 5, 7, 33; ii. 10; xxix. 37.

Palinurus, promontory, xxxvii. 11.

Pallene, xxxi. 45; xxxviii. 28; xliv. 11; xlv. 30.

Palm branches first given in token of victory at the Roman games, x. 47.

Palumbinum taken by the Romans, x. 45.

Pamphylia, xxxvii. 23, 40; xliv. 14; xlv. 22.

Pan, Lycæan, called by the Romans Inuus, i, 5.

Panætolium, general assembly of the Ætolians, xxxi. 29, 32; xxxv 32

Pandosia, viii. 24. Is surrendered to the Romans, xxix. 38.

Panormus, in Sicily, xxiv. 36; xxix. 1.

——, in Samos, xxxvii. 11.

Pantaleon, Ætolian chief, protects Eumenes at Delphi, xlii. 15.

Pantauchus, ambassador, and intimate friend of Philip, xlii. 39; xliv. 23. Surrenders Berœa to the Romans, 45.

Paphlagonia, i. 1.

Papirian tribe, viii. 37.

——, cruelty, x. 3.

Papirius Crassus, C., consular tribune, vi. 18.

——, Maso, C., xxi. 25. Dies pontiff, xxv. 2.

——, Turdus, C., plebeian tribune, xli. 6.

——, Carbo, C., prætor, xliv. 17.

——, L., consular tribune, vi. 22, 38.

————, prætor, viii. 17.

————, a detestable usurer, viii. 28.

——, Crassus, L., consul, iv. 21.

——————, consul, iv. 30.

——————, dictator, viii. 12. Consul, 16. Again, 19. Master of horse, 36.

——, Cursor, L., consular tribune, vi. 5. Again, 11. He was censor when the city was taken, ix. 34.

——————, master of horse, viii. 12. Consul, 23. Dictator, 29. Determines to punish Fabius, his master of horse, for fighting contrary to orders, 30, 34. On the request of the people, forgives him, 35. Is made consul a second time, ix. 7. He takes Luceria, and sends the Samnites under the yoke, 10. Is a third time consul, 15. Triumphs, 16. Is made consul a fourth time, 22. A fifth, 28. Dictator a second time; he triumphs over the Samnites, 40.

——————, consul, x. 9. Pays little attention to auspices, 40. Triumphs over the Samnites, 46. Is chosen prætor, 47.

——, Mugillanus, L., consul, iv. 7. The first censor, 8. Is consul a second time, 30. Consular tribune, 42. Interrex, 43.

——————, consul, viii. 23.

——, M., one of the elders, slain by the Gauls on their entering Rome, v. 41.

————, a commissioner for the liquidation of debts, vii. 21.

——, Atratinus, M., consul, iv. 52.

——, Crassus, M., consul, iv. 12. Dictator, viii. 17.

————, Mugillanus, M., consular tribune, iv. 45. Again, 47.

Papirius, Sp., prætor, vi. 22. Again, 27.

————, informs his uncle, the consul, of a defect in the auspices, x. 40.

Parilia, festival, xl. 2.

Parma, Roman colony, xxxix. 55.

Parnassus, mount, xlii. 16.

Paroreia, xxxix. 27; xlii. 51.

Paros, island, xxxi. 15.

Parthenius, mount, xxxiv. 26.

Parthians, ix. 18.

Parthinians, xxix. 12; xxxiii. 34.

Patara, capital of Lycia, xxxiii. 41; xxxvii. 15.

Patavium, x. 2; xli. 27.

Patræ, xxxvi. 21; xxxviii. 29.

Patrician chastity, its chapel, x. 23.

Patricians, why so called, i. 8; x. 8. They insist that they only have the power of taking auspices, and consequently a right to magistracies, and the command of armies, iii. 1; vi. 41; vii. 6. Their contest with the plebeians about the consulship, iv. 1. Is compromised, 6. Renewed, vi. 34; vii. 18-28; x. 15. They claim the offices of prætor and curule ædile, vi. 42; vii. 1. They have the power of appointing an interrex, vi. 41. Are not eligible to plebeian magistracies, iv. 25. The law is repealed which forbade their intermarrying with plebeians, iv. 6.

Pausanias, prætor of Epirus, xxxii. 10; xxxvi. 9.

Pausistratus, prætor of Rhodes, xxxiii. 18; xxxvii. 11.

Pedanius, T., centurion, throws the standard among the enemy, and forces the Carthaginian camp, xxv. 14.

Pedum taken by Coriolanus, ii. 39; vii. 12. By Camillus, and the inhabitants made citizens of Rome, viii. 13.

Pelagonia, xxvi. 25; xxxi. 39.

Pelignians, viii. 6, 29. Revolt, and are defeated, ix. 41. Peace is granted to them, 45; x. 30.

Pella, xxvi. 25; xliv. 42-46.

Pellene, xxxiii. 14, 15.

Pellina, xxxi. 39.

Pelliti, tribe of Sardinians, xxiii. 40.

Peloponnesus, i. 7.

Pelops, king of Lacedæmon, xxxiv. 32.

Pelusium, xliv. 19. Pelusian mouth of the Nile, xlv. 11.

Penestia, xliii. 19-21; xliv. 11.

Peneus, river, xxxii. 15; xlii. 38, 55, 60; xliv. 6; xlv. 29.

Pennine, summit of the Alps, v. 35; xxi. 38.

Pentrian tribe of Samnites, ix. 31; xxii. 61.

Peparethus, island, xxviii. 5. City, xxxi. 28.

Peræa, xxxii. 34, 35.

Pergamus, xxix. 11; xxxi. 46; xxxvii. 18, 19.

Perolla resolves to kill Hannibal, xxii. 8.

Perpenna and Petillius, Roman ambassadors, imprisoned by Gentius, xliv. 27.

Perrhæbia, xxxi. 41; xxxii. 15; xlii. 36, 53; xliv. 35.

Perseus, Macedonian general, xxvi. 25.

————, son of king Philip, xxxi. 28. Quarrels with his brother Demetrius, xl. 6-16. His forgery of letters detected, 54, 55. He gets possession of the kingdom, 57, 58. Prepares for war against the Romans, xli. 22, 23. Is accused at Rome by Eumenes, xlii. 11-13. Employs assassins to murder Eumenes, 15, 16; and Rammius of Brundusium to poison the Roman ambassadors, 17. Confers with Q. Marcius, 39-43. Collects a very large army, 51. Is worsted by the Romans, 59, 66. Gains advantages in Thrace and Illyria, xliii. 18-23. Is utterly defeated at Pydna by Æmilius Paullus, xliv. 42. Flies to Samothrace, 46; where he and his children are taken, xlv. 6, 7; and are led in triumph, 40.

Persians, ix. 18, 19; xxxvi. 15.

Perusia, ix. 37, 40; x. 30, 31, 37; xxiii. 17; xxviii. 45.

Pessinus, xxix. 10, 11.

Petelia, xxiii. 20, 30; xxvii. 26.

Peteline grove, vi. 20.

Petillii, accusers of Scipio Africanus, xxxviii. 54.

Petra, xl. 22; xliv. 32.

Phalanna, xlii. 54, 65.

Phalanx, Macedonian, compared with Roman troops, viii. 8; ix. 19.

Phalera, xxvii. 30; xxxv. 43; xxxvi. 29.

Phanæ, harbour, xxxvi. 43; xlv. 10.

Phaneas, or Phæneas, Ætolian prætor, xxxii. 32, 34; xxxviii. 8. His dispute with M. Acilius, xxxvi. 28.

Pharnaces, king of Pontus, sends ambassadors to Rome, xl. 20.

Pharsalus, iii. 35; xxxvi. 14.

Phaselis xxxvii. 23. The fleet of Antiochus, commanded by Hannibal and Apollonius, is defeated there, 24.

Pheræ, xxxii. 13; xxxiii. 6; xxxv. 30; xxxvi. 9, 14.

Phileas, Tarentine, xxv. 7.

Philemenus betrays Tarentum to Hannibal, xxv. 8, 9; xxvii. 16.

Philetærus, brother of Eumenes, xlii. 55.

Philip, king of Macedonia, xxii. 33. Forms an alliance with Hannibal, xxiii. 33, 39. Commences hostilities by taking Oricum, and is obliged to fly from Apollonia, xxiv. 40. Makes several incursions on the Thessalians and others, xxvi. 25; xxvii. 30; xxviii. 7. Concludes a peace with the Romans and Ætolians, xxxix. 12. Demands the Macedonian prisoners, who had served under Hannibal, and is refused by the senate, xxx. 42. War is renewed, xxxi. 8. He ravages Attica, 14. Besieges Abydos, 16. Makes a fruitless attempt on Athens, 24. Is defeated by the Romans, 37. Holds a conference with the consul Quintius, xxxii. 10. Is defeated, and flies to Thessaly, 12. At another conference he obtains a truce, 36; but his application to the senate is rejected, 37. He makes an alliance with Nabis, 38; who breaks it, 39. He is utterly defeated by Quintius, xxxiii. 7, 9. A peace is concluded, 13. He assists the Romans against Antiochus, xxxvi. 13. Is offended at the behaviour of the Romans, xxxix. 23, 29. His cruelty to Herodicus and his family, xl. 4. His sons quarrel, 5-16. He employs Didas to poison Demetrius, 24. Discovers the villany of Perseus, and resolves to leave the crown to Antigonus, but dies, 54, 55.

Philip, præstor of Epirus, xxix. 12.

——, of Megalopolis, defends Pellinæum, xxxvi. 13. Is sneered at by king Philip, 14. Is made governor of Zacynthus, 32.

——, governor of Cassandrea, xliv. 12.

Philippic, golden coin, xxxvii. 59; xxxix. 5, 7.

Philippopolis, xxxix. 25, 53.

Philo, of Chalcis, xxxvii. 4.

Philocles, Macedonian general, xxxi. 16; xxxii, 16; xxxiv. 32. Ambassador to Rome, xl. 20.

Philocrates, Rhodian ambassador, xlv. 25.

Philodemus betrays mount Euryalus to the Romans, xxv. 25.

Philopœmen, prætor of Achaia, xxxv. 25. Defeated in a sea-fight by Nabis, 26. His method of acquiring skill in war, 28. Surprises and vanquishes Nabis on land, 27, 29. Is taken by the Messenians, and poisoned, xxxix. 50.

Philostratus, prætor of Epirus, xliii, 23.

Phlius, xxviii. 7.

Phocæa, xxxvii. 31. Taken by the Romans, 32.

Phocæans, xxxiii. 32, 34; xxxviii. 39.

Phocis, xxviii. 7.

Phœnice, in Epirus, xxix. 12.

Phragandæ, xxvi. 25.

Phrygia, xxix. 11.

Phrygians, xxxvii. 40; xxxviii. 17.

Phthiotians, xxxiii. 36; xxxvi. 15.

Phylace, xlv. 26.

Picenian territory, xxii. 9.

Picenum, xxi. 62; xxvii. 43.

Pieria, xxxix. 26; xliv. 9. Pierian wood, 43.

Pinarii, priests of Hercules, i. 7.

Pinarius, L., governor of Enna, suppresses an insurrection, xxiv. 37, 39.

————, consul, ii. 56.

——, Mamercinus, L., consular tribune, iv. 25.

——, L., master of horse, vii. 3. Prætor, 25.

——, M., prætor, xl. 18.

Piræeus, port of Athens, xxxi. 25, 26; xxxv. 50; xxxvi. 42.

Pisæ, xxi. 39; xxxiv. 56; xl. 43.

Pisaurum, colony, xxxix. 44.

Pisidia, xxxv. 13, 14; xxxvii. 56; xxxviii. 15

Pisistratidæ, Hippias and Hipparchus, sons of Pisistratus, xxxi. 44.

Pisistratus, a Bœotian of eminence, put to death for the murder of Brachyllas xxxiii. 28.

Piso, the historian, i. 55; ii. 58; ix 44; x. 9; xxv. 39.

Pithecusæ, island, viii. 22.

Pityusa, island, xxviii. 37.

Placentia, colony, xxi. 56. The Roman troops take refuge there, 57, 59. It is besieged by Hasdrubal, xxvii. 39. The siege raised, 43. It is sacked by Gauls and Ligurians, xxxi. 10.

Placentians, xxxiii. 23. Their lands wasted, xxxiv. 56

Plains, Old, name of a place, xxv. 16.

Plator, Macedonian, governor of Oreum, gives it up to the Romans, xxviii. 6, 7.

——, brother of Gentius, murdered by him, xliv. 30.

Plautius, C., consul, vii. 12. Master of horse, 17.

——, consul, vii. 27. Again, viii. 1.

——, consul, triumphs over the Privernians, viii. 20. Censor, ix. 29, 33.

——, Hypsæus, L., prætor, xxxvii. 47.

Plebeian nobles, xxii. 34, 35.

Pleminius, Q., proprætor, takes one of the citadels of Locri, xxix. 6. Is appointed by Scipio governor of the city, displays great cruelty and avarice, and robs the temple of Proserpine, 8. Is sent to Rome in chains. 21; and put to death for a plot to burn the city, xxxiv. 44.

Plestina taken by the Romans, x. 3.

Pletorius, C., commissioner of a colony, xxxiv. 45. Ambassador to Gentius, xlii. 26.

Pleuratus, king of Illyria, xxvi. 24; xxvii. 30; xxviii. 5; xxxi. 28; xxxviii. 7; xliv. 30.

Politorium, i. 33.

Pollian tribe, viii. 37.

Pollentia, or Polentia, colony, xxxix. 44; xli. 27.

Polusca, ii. 33.

Polyaratus, a man of power in Rhodes, xliv. 23, 29; xlv. 22.

Polybius, a writer deserving great credit, xxx. 10, 45.

Polyænus, of Syracuse, his free and moderate address to his countrymen, xxiv. 22.

Polyphantes, Macedonian general, xxvii. 32; xxviii. 5.

Polyxenidas, a Rhodian, commander of Antiochus’s fleet, defeated by the Romans, xxxvi. 45. Imposes on the Rhodian commander, defeats and kills him, xxxvii. 10, 11. Is defeated by the Romans and Rhodians, 30.

Pomærium, i. 26, 44.

Pometia, _see_ Suessa.

Pompeii, ix. 38.

Pompeius, L., military tribune, xlii. 65.

Pomponius, L., præfect of allies, xxv. 1.

————, an infamous farmer of the revenues, 3.

——, Matho, Man., master of horse, abdicates, because his appointment proved to be irregular, xxii. 33. Prætor, 35; xxii. 55; xxiii. 24; xxvi. 23.

——————, plebeian ædile, xxviii. 10.

——, M., deputed to carry an offering to Delphi, xxviii. 45. Prætor, xxix. 11. Appointed to command a fleet, xxx. 2.

——, M., plebeian tribune, protests against a war with Rhodes, xlv. 21.

——, Sex., xxi. 51.

——, M., plebeian tribune, accuses L. Manlius, whose son deters him from the prosecution, vii. 45.

Pomptine tribe, vii. 15.

——, lands, ii. 34; iv. 25; vi. 5, 21. Wasted by locusts, xlii. 2.

Pontiff, chief, created by Numa, his duties and privileges, i. 20; iv. 44. Inferior pontiffs, xxii. 57.

Pontificius, Ti., plebeian tribune, proposer of the Agrarian law, ii. 44.

Pontius Cominius, swimming down the Tiber, conveys intelligence from Camillus to the besieged in the Capitol, v. 46.

——, C., Samnite general, shuts up the Roman army in the defiles of Caudium, and sends them under the yoke, ix. 1—15.

Popilius Sabellus, C., distinguishes himself in fight, xli. 4.

——, Lænas, C., consul, xlii. 9. Ambassador to Antiochus and Ptolemy, xliv. 19; xlv. 10.

————, M., consul, overthrows the Tiburtians, vii. 12. Again consul, 17. A third time, 23. A fourth, 26.

——, M., consul, ix. 21.

——, P., ambassador to Syphax, xxvii. 4.

——, T., xxvi. 6.

Porcian law, x. 9.

Porcius Licinius, L., lieutenant-general, xxvi. 6. Plebeian ædile, xxvii. 6. Prætor, xxxv. 39.

——, L., consul, xxxix. 33.

——, Licinius, L., xl. 34.

——, Cato, M., quæstor to Scipio, xxix. 25. Consul, xxxiii. 42. Pleads in support of the Oppian law, xxxiv. 2. Goes into Spain, 8. And effectually subdues all the country as far as the Iberus, 17. Triumphs, 46. Shows himself a bitter enemy to Scipio Africanus, xxxviii, 54. Censor, xxxix. 41. Acts with strict severity, 42, 44. Favours the Rhodians xlv. 25.

Porcius Cato, M., prætor, xxxii. 7.

Porsenna, Lar, or Lartes, king of Clusium, entertains the Tarquins, and makes war on the Romans, ii. 9. Besieges Rome, 11. Restores the hostages, and concludes a treaty of friendship with the Romans, 15.

Porsenna’s goods for sale, whence the phrase, ii. 14.

Postumia, a vestal, rebuked for too much attention to dress, iv. 44.

Postumius, A., dictator, vanquishes the Latins at Regillus, and triumphs, ii. 19, 20. Is made consul, 21.

——, Albus, A., consul, iii. 4. Ambassador to the Æquans, is affronted by their general, 25.

——, Regillensis, A., consular tribune, overpowers the Tarquinians, v. 16. Again consular tribune, vi. 22.

——, Tibertus, A., master of horse, iv. 23. Dictator; defeats the Æquans and Volscians, 26, 29.

——, Albinus, A., prætor, xxxix. 23.

————, Luscus, A., consul, xl. 35. Censor, xli. 27.

——, Luscus, A., commissioner to settle Macedonia, xlv. 17.

——, Albinius, L., consular tribune, vi. 1. Again, 22.

——, Megellus, L., consul, triumphs over the Samnites, ix. 44. Proprætor, x. 26. Again consul, 32. Triumphs over Etruria, in opposition to the senate and people, 37.

——, L., consul elect, cut off with his army in the wood Litina, xxiii. 24.

——, Albinus, L., prætor, xl. 35. Triumphs over Lusitania, xli. 7. Consul, 28. Candidate for the censorship, xliii. 14. Flamen Quirinalis, xlv. 15.

——, M., consular tribune, iv. 31. Fined 10,000 asses, 41.

——, Albinus, M., consular tribune, v. i.

——, Regillensis, M., consular tribune, iv. 49. Stoned by his army, 50.

——, Purgensis, M., a contractor for supplying the armies, outlawed, and his property confiscated, for fraudulent practices, xxv. 3, 4.

——, P., consul, triumphs over the Sabines, ii. 16.

——, Sp., consul, iii. 2. Decemvir, 33.

——, Albus, Sp., consular tribune, v. 26. Overcomes the Æquans, 28.

——, Sp., consul, viii. 16. Censor, 17. Master of horse, 23. Again consul, ix. 1. Is sent under the yoke at Caudium, 6.

——, Regillensis, Sp., censor, vi. 27.

——, Albinus, Sp., prætor, xxxvii. 47. Consul, xxxix. 6. Augur, 45.

Potidania, xxviii. 8.

Potitian family, priests of Hercules, i. 7. Delegate the office to slaves, and the family becomes extinct, ix. 29.

Præneste, vi. 29; vii. 12.

Prænestines revolt, vi. 21. Are conquered, and the statue of Imperial Jupiter is removed to Rome, 28. They aid the Pedans, and are punished, viii. 12, 14. Five hundred Prænestines defend Casilinum, xxiii. 17, 19. Are rewarded, 20.

Prærogative century, v. 18; x. 22.

Prætor, chosen out of the patricians to administer justice in the city, vi. 42; vii. 1. Was elected under the same auspices, and considered as a colleague of the consuls, iii. 55; viii. 32. The first plebeian, viii. 1.

Prætorium, general’s pavilion, vii. 12.

Prætutian lands, xxii. 9; xxvii. 45.

Praxo, a woman of distinction at Delphi, confidant of Perseus, xlii. 15, 17.

Priene, xxxviii. 13.

Priests chosen by Numa out of the patricians, i. 20. Plebeians added, x. 6, 8.

Primigenia, Fortuna, xxix. 36.

Prince or chief of the senate, the mode of choosing him altered, xxvii. 11.

Prison, first, built in Rome, i. 33. Private prisons, vi. 36.

Privernum, the inhabitants ravage the Roman territory, vii. 15. Are defeated, and their city taken, by C. Marcius, 16. Renew the war, are conquered, and two parts of their lands taken from them, viii. 1. Again commence hostilities, are conquered, and their senate banished beyond the Tiber, 19, 20. Undaunted reply of one of their ambassadors, 21.

Procas, king of Alba, i. 3.

Proconsul, first mentioned by Livy, iii. 4. The first who was continued in command on the expiration of his consulate, Publius Philo, viii. 26. Proconsuls had no authority in the city, xxvi. 9.

Proculus Giganius Maurinus, consul, iv. 12.

————, Julius, i. 16.

————, Virginius, consul, his contest with his colleague about the Agrarian law, ii. 41.

Prodictator, Q. Fabius Maximus, xxii. 8.

Propontis, sea, xxxviii. 16, 18.

Prosecution, capital, ii. 52. Pecuniary, xxvi. 3.

Proserpine, xxiv. 39. Her temple at Locri robbed by Pleminius, xxix. 7. Complaint made by the Locrians, 18. By the prætor Minucius, xxxi. 12; who replaces the treasure, 13. _See_ xxix. 20, 21.

Proxenus, Ætolian, poisoned by his wife, xli. 25.

Prusias, king of Bithynia, solicited by Antiochus to join him in war against the Romans, is prevented by a letter from Scipio Africanus, xxxvii. 25. After giving refuge to Hannibal, he consents to surrender him to T. Quintius, xxxix. 51. Proposes to mediate between the Romans and Perseus, xliv. 14. Comes to Rome, and behaves with abject meanness, xlv. 44.

Prytanis, the title of the chief magistrate of Rhodes, xlii. 45.

Pteleum, xxxv. 43. Is demolished, xlii. 67.

Ptolemy Philopater, king of Egypt, his statue affords refuge to Magius the Capuan, xxiii. 10. He renews a treaty of friendship with the Romans, xxvii. 4. Offers to repress the inroads of Philip xxxi. 9.

——, king of Egypt, xxxii. 33. Marries the daughter of Antiochus, xxxv. 13.

——, and Cleopatra, king and queen of Egypt, offer aid to the Romans against Antiochus, xxxvii. 3. Implore their assistance against him, xliv. 19. The elder Ptolemy is reconciled to his brother and sister, and received in Alexandria, xlv. 11. They are saved from the attempts of Antiochus by Roman ambassadors, 12.

Publicans, farmers of the revenue, furnish supplies to the troops at their own expense, on being promised payment when money should come into the treasury, xxiii. 48, 49. Fraudulent practices and turbulent behaviour of some of them, xxv. 3, 4.

Publicius Bibulus, C., plebeian tribune, his charges against Marcellus and the patricians, xxvii. 21.

——, L., military tribune, xxii. 53.

Publilian tribe added, vii. 15.

Publilius, C., confined for his father’s debts, viii. 28.

——, Volscus, L., consular tribune, v. 12.

——, Q., plebeian tribune, during the dissensions excited by Manlius, supports the cause of the senate, vi. 19; and commences a prosecution against Manlius, 20.

——, Philo, Q., consul, defeats the Latins, is nominated dictator, procures laws to be passed in favour of the commons, viii. 12. He is the first plebeian prætor. 15. Is made master of horse, 16. Censor, 17. Consul a second time, 22. He is the first person continued in command on the expiration of his consulate, and the first that triumphed when out of office, 26. Consul a third time, ix. 7. He vanquishes the Samnites, 13-15.

——, T., plebeian augur, x. 9.

——, Volero, a plebeian, refuses to enlist in the army, and appeals to the tribunes and to the people, ii. 55. Is chosen plebeian tribune, 56. Proposes a law, that plebeian magistrates should be elected in assemblies of the tribes; is re-elected tribune, _ibid._

Publilius, Volero, consular tribune, v. 13.

Pupinian district, xxvi. 9.

Pupius, Cn., a commissioner to build a temple of Concord, xxii. 33.

——, L., candidate for the prætorship, xxxix. 39. Prætor, 45.

——, P., one of the first plebeian quæstors, iv. 54.

Puteoli, xxiv. 12; xxv. 22; xxvi. 17. Attacked in vain by Hannibal, xxiv. 13.

Pydna, xliv. 6, 10, 42. Sacked by the Romans, 45.

Pylæ, or Thermopylæ, xxxii. 4.

Pylæmenes, king of the Heneti, i. 1.

Pylaic council, xxxiii. 35.

Pylos, xxvii. 30.

Pyra, on mount Œta, the place were Hercules was burned, xxxvi. 30.

Pyrene, promontory, xxvi. 19.

Pyrenæan mountains, ii. 23. Harbour, xxxiv. 8.

Pyrgus, fort, xxvii. 32.

Pyrrheum, fort, at Ambracia, xxxviii. 5, 6.

Pyrrhias, prætor of Ætolia, defeated by Philip, xxvii. 30.

Pyrrhus, king of Epirus, his kind treatment of Roman prisoners, xxii. 59. His character mentioned by Scipio, xxxv. 14. He was warned by the Romans to guard against poison, xxxix. 51. His dishonourable death a punishment for robbing the temple of Proserpine, xxix. 17.

Pyrrhus’s camp, name of a place in Macedonia, xxxii. 13; xxxv. 27.

Pythagoras, the Samian philosopher, posterior to Numa, i. 18. Some supposed that Numa’s books were written by him, xl. 29.

——, son-in-law of Nabis, governor of Sparta, xxxiv. 25. Makes a vigorous defence, 39.

Pythian Apollo, his answer brought by Fabius Pictor the historian, xxiii. 11.

Pythium, xlii. 53; xliv. 2, 35.

Pytho, Macedonian, governor of Cassandrea, repulses the Romans, xliv. 12.

Quadrants, contributed by the people to bury Valerius, iii. 18.

Quadrigati, coin so called, xxii. 52.

Quadrireme, galley of four banks of oars, xxx. 25.

Quadruplator, a term of reproach, iii. 72.

Quæstors, first mentioned by Livy, ii. 41. Their number doubled, iv. 43. First plebeian, 54.

Quæstorium, part of a camp taken by the Samnites, x. 32.

Quinquatrus, feast of Minerva, lasting five days, xxvi. 27; xliv. 20.

Quinquereme, five-banked galley, xxi. 17.

Quintian family, iii. 12. Meadows, 26.

Quintii, Albans made Roman senators i. 30.

Quintilis, month, the nones appointed for the Apollinarian games, xxvii. 23. Calling magistrates into office, v. 32. Knights reviewed, ix. 46.

Quintilius Varus, xxx. 1.

——, Cn., dictator, to drive a nail in the Capitol, viii. 18.

——, Varus, M., consular tribune v. 1.

——, M., xxx. 18.

——, Varus, P., prætor, xxix. 38; xxx. 1. Defeats Mago in Insubrian Gaul, 18.

————, flamen of Mars, xliv. 18.

——, Sextus, consul, iii. 42.

——, Varus, T., xxxix. 31.

Quintius Cincinnatus, consular tribune, iv. 49.

——, Cæso, warmly opposes the tribunes, iii. 11. Is falsely charged with murder, is the first that gives bail to the people, goes into exile, 13.

——, Flamininus, Cæso, commissioner to build a temple of Concord, xxii. 33.

——, Cincinnatus, C., consular tribune, vi. 32.

——, Capitolinus, Cn., first curule ædile, vii. 1.

——, D., of obscure birth, remarkable for bravery and conduct, commander of a Roman fleet, is killed in a sea-fight with the Tarentines, xxvi. 39.

——, L., military tribune, viii. 25.

——, Cincinnatus, L., supplicates the people in favour of his son Cæso, iii. 12. Consul, 19. Refuses to be re-elected consul, 21. Is called from the plough to the dictatorship, 26. Surrounds and vanquishes the Æquans, and sends them under the yoke, 27, 28. Is presented by his army with a golden crown, and triumphs, 29. A candidate for the decemvirate, fails, 35. Executes the business of censor with moderation, iv. 6. Is again dictator, 13.

——, L., son of Cincinnatus, consular tribune, iv. 16. Master of horse, 17. Consular tribune, 35. Again, 44. A fourth time, vi. 6. Again, 32. Recovers Tusculum, 33.

——, Capitolinus, L., consular tribune, vi. 11.

——, Flamininus, L., augur, xxv. 2. Prætor, xxxi. 49.

——, Crispinus, L., prætor, xxxix. 6. Commissioner of a colony, 55. Triumphs over the Celtiberians and Lusitanians, xxxix. 42.

——, Flamininus, L., brother of the consul Titus, admiral of the fleet on the coast of Greece, xxxii. 16. Consul, xxxv. 10. Is expelled the senate for barbarous cruelty, xxxix. 42.

Quintius Cincinnatus, P., consular tribune, iv. 61.

——, Q., consular tribune, vi. 36.

——, Barbatus Capitolinus, T., consul, appeases the fury of the populace, ii. 56. Is thanked by the senate, 57. A favourite of the soldiers, 60. Is raised again to the consulship by the patricians, and by a stratagem defeats the Volscians, 64. Commissioner of a colony, iii, 1. Consul a third time, 2. Proconsul, rescues the consul from imminent danger, 4, 5. Pleads in favour of Cæso Quintius, 12, 13. Quæstor, arraigns Volscius, on whose evidence Cæso had been condemned, 25. A candidate for the censorship, is disappointed, 35. A fourth time consul, 66. His character, 69. He defeats the Æquans and Volscians, 70. Interrex, iv. 7. A fifth time consul, 8. A sixth, he nominates L. Quintius Cincinnatus dictator, 13. Supplicates the people in favour of T. Quintius, son of Cincinnatus, 41. ——, Cincinnatus Pennus, T., iv. 26. His disputes with his colleague, and activity in the field, 27, 29. Again consul, 30. Consular tribune; unsuccessful at Veii, 31. Shares in victory with the dictator, 32, 33. Is brought to trial, and acquitted, 41.

——, Capitolinus, T., son of Capitolinus, consul, iv. 43. Consular tribune, 61.

——, Cincinnatus, T., consular tribune, vi. 4. Again, 18. Dictator; he subdues the Prænestines, 28, 29. And in his triumph conveys to the Capitol the image of Imperial Jove, brought from Præneste.

——, Capitolinus, T., consular tribune, and master of horse, vi. 11.

——, T., consular tribune, vi. 38.

——, Pennus, T., master of horse, vi. 42.

——, T., dictator, vii. 9. Master of horse, 11. Consul, 18.

——, Pennus, T., consul, vii. 22.

——, T., chosen as leader by the troops in mutiny, vii. 39, 41.

————, commissioner of a colony, viii. 16.

——, Crispinus, T., appointed by Marcellus to the command of a fleet, xxiv. 39. Prætor, xxvii. 6. Consul, 21. Is wounded, 27. Disconcerts a scheme of Hannibal, 28. Dies of his wound, 33.

——————, his singular encounter with Badius, a Campanian, xxv. 18.

——, Flamininus, T., curule ædile, exhibits stage plays with great magnificence, xxxi. 4. Consul, xxxii. 7. Sails to Greece, 9. Holds a conference with Philip, without effect, 10. Defeats Philip, 12. Is obliged to raise the siege of Atrax, 18. Holds another conference with Philip, which produces a truce, but not a peace, 32, 37. Gives Philip a total overthrow, xxxiii. 9, 10. Concludes a peace with him, 13, 24, 30. Proclaims liberty to the states of Greece, 32. Leads an army to Argo, xxxiv. 25. Lays siege to Lacedæmon, 26. Refuses at first to listen to Nabis, and afterwards grants him peace, 40. Triumphs during three days, 52. Procures the siege of Naupactum to be raised, xxxvi. 35. Censor, xxxvii. 58; xxxviii. 28. Augur, xlv. 44.

Quirinal flamen created by Numa, i. 20.

——, hill added to the city, i. 44.

Quirinus, i. 20; v. 52; viii. 9. His temple, iv. 21. Dedicated, and adorned with spoils of the enemy, x. 46.

Quirites, why so called, i. 13.

Quiritian trench made by Anc. Marcius i. 33.

Rabuleius, Man., decemvir, iii. 35.

Racilia, wife of Quintius Cincinnatus, iii. 26.

Ramnius, L., a Brundusian, tempted by Perseus to poison the Roman ambassadors and officers, discovers the matter to the Romans, xlii. 17, 41.

Ramnenses, or Ramnes, one of the first tribes, and a century of knights, i. 13, 36; x. 6.

Reate, xxv. 7; xxvi. 11. Promises soldiers to Scipio, xxviii. 45.

Red rocks, ii. 49. Sea, xlv. 9.

Regillum, town of the Sabines, ii. 16.

Regillus, lake, near which Postumias routed the Latins, ii. 19, 20; vi. 2.

Religion established by Numa, i. 19. A passion for foreign religious rites prevails, iv. 30. Religious worship performed with more piety than magnificence, iii. 57. The bad consequences of introducing foreign modes of worship, xxv. 1.

Remus, made prisoner, and given up to Amulius; assists in restoring his grandfather, and is slain by his brother, i. 5.

Retius, M., ambassador to Gaul, xxvii. 36.

Revenue managed by the censors, iv. 8.

Rhaphia, xxxv. 13.

Rhæteum, promontory, xxxvii. 9, 37; xxxviii. 39.

Rhætians, v. 33.

Rhea Sylvia, i. 3, 4.

Rhegium, faithful to the Romans, xxiii. 30. Attempted by the Carthaginians, xxiv. 1; xxvi. 12; xxix. 6. Furnishes the Romans with a supply of ships, xxxvi. 42.

Rhinocolura, xlv. 11.

Rhion, or Rhium, strait between Naupactum and Patræ, being the entrance to the bay of Corinth, xxvii. 30; xxviii. 7.

Rhisiasus, of Pellene, threatens his son Memnon with death, if he persists in obstructing the proceedings of a council of the Achæans, xxxii. 22.

Rhizon, xlv. 26.

Rhodians, send ambassadors to compose disputes between Philip and the Ætolians, xxvii. 30; xxviii. 7. Send a fleet to aid the Romans against Philip, xxxi. 46. Recover Peræa from the Macedonians, xxxiii. 18. Join their fleet to the Roman against Antiochus, xxxvii. 9. Defeat his fleet, commanded by Hannibal, xxiii. 24. Again, in conjunction with the Romans, defeat Polyxenidas, 30. Receive Lycia and Caria, after the reduction of Antiochus, xxxviii. 39. Send to the Roman consul a menacing embassy in favour of Perseus, xliv. 14. Implore pardon of the Roman ambassadors, and punish the advisers of their misconduct, xlv. 10. Juvencius Thalna, prætor, proposes to the Roman commissioners a declaration of war against Rhodes, and is opposed by the tribunes, 21.

Rhoduntia, one of the summits of mount Œta, near Thermopylæ, xxxvi. 16, 18.

Rhone, xxi. 31; xxvii. 39. Crossed by Hannibal, xxi. 26.

Rings laid aside in mourning, ix. 7.

Rome, built by Romulus, i. 16. Augmented by the destruction of Alba, 30. Surrounded with a stone wall, 38. Besieged by Porsenna, ii. 11. Sacked and burned by the Gauls, v. 41, 42. Rebuilt, 55, and vi. 4. Its situation and advantages described, v. 54. Doubled by the accession of the Sabines, i. 13. Attempted by Hannibal, xxvi. 10. Suffers much by fire, xxiv. 47; xxvi. 27.

Romans, their magnanimity, iv. 6. Love of liberty, ii. 15; vi. 19. Moderation in prosperity, xxx. 42. Fortitude in adversity, ix. 3. Love of their country, xxiii. 49; xxiv. 18; xxvi. 36. Gratitude to its friends, ii. 10, 13; v. 47. Justice, v. 27. Regard to religion, i. 21. Military abilities, ix. 17, 19. _See_ Army, Camp, Discipline. They long held poverty in honour, _see_ Poverty. It is the character of a Roman, both to act and to suffer with fortitude, ii. 12.

Romilius, T., consul, brought to trial on a charge made by Cl. Cicero, iii. 31. Decemvir, 33.

Romular, afterwards Ruminal, fig-tree, ni. 4.

Romulea taken by the Romans, x. 17.

Romulus Sylvius, king of Alba, i. 3.

———. son of Rhea, kills his brother Remus; builds a city on the Palatine hill, and, from his own name, calls it Rome, i. 16. Forms the government, enlarges the city, opens a sanctuary, and forms a senate, 8. Orders the seizure of the Sabine women, 9. Overthrows the Cæninians, killing their king, offers the grand spoils to Jupiter Feretrius, and dedicates to him the first temple in Rome, 10. Defeats the Antemnians and Crustumnians, 11. Distressed in battle with the Sabines, vows a temple to Jupiter Stator, 12. Makes peace with the Sabines, and divides the city into thirty curias, 13. Conquers the Fidentians and Veians, appoints three hundred celeres to guard his person, 15. Dies, and is esteemed a divinity, 16.

Rorarian soldiers, viii. 8.

Roscius, L., Roman ambassador, killed by order of Tolumnius, iv. 17.

Ruscino, where some states of Gaul assembled, with intent to oppose Hannibal, xxi. 24.

———, a sea-port in Africa, xxx. 10.

Rusellan lands, x. 4. Wasted, and the city taken, 37.

Rutilius Crassus, Sp., consular tribune, iv. 47.

——, P., plebeian tribune, warmly opposes the censors, and brings them to trial, xliii. 16. Is fined, and disfranchised, xliv. 16.

——, Calvus, P., prætor, xlv. 44.

Rutulians vanquished by Æneas, i. 2. By Tarquinius the Proud, 57.

Sabatine tribe, vi. 5.

Sabatines, xxvi. 33.

Sabellan cohorts, x. 19. Country, viii. 1.

Sabine women seized by the Romans, i. 9. Put an end to the fight between the Romans and Sabines; their names given to the curias, 13.

Sabines make war on the Romans, i. 9, 10. Seize the citadel, 11. Maintain a furious fight, and afterwards make a peace, 13. Are attacked and conquered by T. Hostilius, 30, 31. Those who removed to Rome with Tatius reside on the Capitol and citadel, 33. The Sabines are attacked, and defeated by Tarquinius, 36, 37. Make preparations for war, ii. 16. Sue for peace, 18. Make a predatory inroad as far as the Anio, and are dispersed, 26. Renew the war, and are defeated, 31. Join the Veians against Rome, and are overthrown, 53. Advance to the gates of the city, 63, 64. Recommence hostilities, iii. 26, 30. Are defeated, 63.

Sacred Mount, ii. 32; iii. 52. Street, ii. 13. Rites, foreign, forbidden at Rome, xxv. 1. Shocking rites of the Samnites, x. 38, 39. Sacred spring, xxxiv. 44.

Sacrifices, several extraordinary, performed by direction of the Sibylline books xxii. 57. The anniversary sacrifice of Ceres omitted after the battle of Cannæ, xxii. 56.

Sacriportus, harbour, near Tarentum, xxvi. 39.

Sagmina, vervain, i. 24; xxx. 43.

Saguntum, an opulent city on the Iberus, xxi. 7. Besieged and taken by Hannibal, the inhabitants throw their valuables and themselves into a fire, 14, 15. Spanish hostages are kept at Saguntum, xxii. 22. It is retaken by the Romans, and restored to its old inhabitants, xxiv. 42; xxviii. 39.

Saguntines, threatened by Hannibal, send ambassadors to Rome, xxi. 2, 6. Show great firmness in supporting the siege, 11. Send an embassy to Rome with thanks to the senate, xxviii. 39. Another embassy, xxx. 21.

Salapia, xxiv. 20, 47. Surrendered to Marcellus with the Carthaginian garrison, xxvi. 38; xxvii. 1.

Salapians overreach Hannibal, xxvii. 28.

Salarian street, vii. 9.

Salassians dwelling on the Alps, xxi. 38.

Salera, in Africa, xxix. 34.

Salernum, colony, xxxii. 29; xxxiv. 45.

Salii, twelve priests of Mars instituted by Numa, i. 20. Twelve more vowed by Tullus, and called Agonales, or Colline, 27.

Salinator, why Livius was so surnamed, xxix. 37.

Sallentines conquered, ix. 42. Some of their towns revolt to Hannibal, xxv. 1. Their country, x. 2; xxiv. 20.

Salonius, C., commissioner of a colony, xxxiv. 44; xlii. 4.

——, P., alternately military tribune and chief centurion, entreats the senators not, on his account, to refuse the demands of the mutinous soldiers, vii. 41.

Salpinians infest the Roman lands, v. 31, 32.

Salsula, vii. 19.

Salyi, or Salyes, or Salluvii, people of Gaul, v. 35. Their mountains, xxi. 26.

Samæans, in Cephallenia, break the peace, which had been concluded, and are besieged, xxxviii. 28. After a vigorous defence the city is taken, and sacked, 29.

Same, or Samos, island, xxxvi. 42. Samians, xxxi. 31; xxxiii. 20.

Samnites, form an alliance with the Romans, vii. 19. Origin of the war between those states, 29. Ambassadors sent to the Samnites, receive a rude and menacing answer, 31. War is proclaimed, 32. A furious battle, in which the Samnites are defeated, 33. Are again defeated in Samnium, 36. A third time, 37. They send ambassadors to sue for peace, viii. 1. The old treaty is renewed, 2. They join the Lucanians against Alexander of Epire, 17. Answer with haughtiness the expostulations of the Romans, 23. Are expelled Palæpolis, 26. Defeated by Fabius, master of horse, 30. Again, by Papirius, dictator, 36. Make a truce for a year, break it, and, after a desperate engagement, are defeated, 38, 39. Entrap the Roman army at the Caudine forks, ix. 2; and after violent exertions, and suffering many defeats, 13-16, 21-23, 27, 31, 40, 41; they submit, and are sent under the yoke, 42. Their gold and silver shielded battalions, 40. The old treaty is renewed with them, 45. They take arms again, and are worsted, x. 12. Fight a furious battle, and are obliged to fly into Etruria, 16. Are again defeated, 19. Again, and their general taken, 20. They join the Etrurians, Umbrians, and Gauls, 21. With the Gauls invade the Roman territories, 27; and are defeated, 29. Their character as soldiers, 28. They are defeated in a bloody battle, 31. They assault the Roman camp, 32; and are repulsed, 33. Seven thousand of them are sent under the yoke, 36. Again, by Papirius, xli. 42. Their towns taken, 45. They, excepting the Pentrians, revolt to Hannibal, xxii. 61. Their country severely ravaged by Marcellus, xxiii. 42.

Samnites, gladiators so called, ix. 40.

Samnium, vii. 32.

Samothrace, island, xliv. 25. Perseus takes refuge there, 45, 46; xlv. 2, 5.

Samus, island, xxxvii. 10, 11, &c.

Sangarius, river, abounding with fish, xxxviii. 18.

Sappinian tribe, district of Umbria, xxxi. 2; xxxiii. 37.

Sardes, xlv. 34.

Sardians, or Sardinians, xxi. 16. Send a secret embassy to the Carthaginians, xxiii. 32. Are vanquished by the Romans, 40. Entirely subdued, 41. Successes of Sempronius against them, xli. 12.

Sardinia, island, xxi. 1; xxii. 31. Ravaged by a Carthaginian fleet, xxvii. 6. A Roman army ordered to be sent thither, xli. 9. Are conquered by Sempronius Gracchus, and a picture hung up, xli. 28.

Sarpedon, promontory, xxxviii. 38.

Sarus, river, fleet of Antiochus shipwrecked at its mouth, xxxiii. 41.

Saticula, vii. 32, 34. Besieged by the Romans, ix. 21. Taken, 22. Its territory, xxiii. 14. Its inhabitants commended by the Romans, xxvii. 10.

Satricum, taken from the Romans by Coriolanus, ii. 39. By the Romans from the Volscians, vi. 8. By the Prænestines and Volscians, 22. Burned by the Latins, 33. The Antians settle a colony there, and the Romans sack and burn the city, vii. 27. The Volscians take post at Satricum, viii. 1. It is taken by Papirius, ix. 16.

Saturæ, interludes, vii. 2.

Saturnalia, instituted, ii. 21. Proclaimed to last a day and a night, and to be observed for ever, xxii. 1.

Saturn’s temple, ii. 21. Sacrifices and a lectisternium at it, xxii. 1.

Satyrus, Rhodian ambassador, xlii. 14.

Scævola. _See_ Mutius.

Scantinius, P., pontiff, xxiii. 21.

Scaptian tribe added, viii. 17.

Scaptius, P., persuades the Roman people in a case where they are arbitrators, to assume to themselves some lands in dispute between the Ardeans and Aricians, iii. 71.

Scarcity, and consequent disturbances, ii. 34; iv. 12.

Scea, called Tripolis, xliii. 55.

Scerdilædus, king of Illyria, xxvi. 24; xxvii. 30; xxviii. 5.

——, son of Gentius, xliv. 32.

Scharphia, xxxvi. 19.

Schœnus, merchant, informs Quintius of the roads to Perrhæbia, xliv. 35.

Sciathus demolished by Philip, xxxi. 28, 45; xxxv. 43.

Scissis, xxi. 60.

Scodra, capital of Illyria, xliii. 20; xliv. 31, 32; xlv. 26.

Scodrus, mount, xliv. 31.

Scopas, prætor of the Ætolians, xxvi. 24. Makes war on the Acarnanians, 25. Carries a large body of troops to Egypt, xxxi. 43.

Scorpions, engines, the number found in New Carthage, xxvi. 47.

Scotussa, xxviii. 5, 7. Plain of Scotussa, or Melambium, xxxiii. 6.

Scribonius Curio, C., plebeian ædile, prosecutes farmers of the public lands, xxxiii. 42. Is made chief curio, xli. 21. Prætor, xxxiv. 54.

——, L., deputy from the Roman prisoners, taken by Hannibal, xxii. 61.

——, Libo, L., commissioner of the exchequer, xxiii. 21. _See_ xxii. 61. Prætor, xxix. 11.

————, prætor, xxxv. 10.

————, prætor, xxxix. 23.

Scultenna, river, at which the Ligurians are defeated by C. Claudius, xli. 12, 18.

Scyllæum, promontory, xxxi. 44; xxxvi. 42.

Scyrus, xxxi. 45; xxxiii. 30.

Seamen supplied by private persons, xxiv. 11.

Secession of the commons to the Sacred Mount, ix. 32, 33; to the Aventine, iii. 50, 51; and thence to the Sacred Mount, 52. Of the soldiers, viii. 39, 52.

Sedentary occupations, people of, summoned to take arms, viii. 20.

Sedetania country wasted by Mandonius, xxviii. 24; xxix. 2.

Sedetanians join the Romans, xxxiv. 20.

Seditious commotions at Rome, ii. 23, 28, 56; iii. 66, &c. &c.

Segistica, xxxiv. 17.

Seguntia, xxxiv. 19.

Seleucia, Macedonian colony, xxxiii. 41; xxxviii. 17.

Seleucus, son of Lysimachus, xxxiii. 40.

——, son of Antiochus, xxxiii. 40. Recovers Phocæa, xxxvii. 11. Wastes the country of Pergamus, and lays siege to the city, xxxvii. 18. Is compelled by Diophanes, an Achæan, to retire out of the country, 21.

Selinus taken by Antiochus, xxxiii. 20.

Sellius, A., plebeian tribune, iv. 42.

Selymbria, xxxiii. 39.

Sempronius Blæsus, quæstor, is slain with one thousand of his men, xxii. 31.

——, A., consul, ii. 21. Again, 34.

——, Atratinus, A., one of the first consular tribunes, iv. 7. Again, 44. A third time, 47. Master of horse, vi. 28.

————, C., consul, his negligence and rashness, iv. 37. He is accused by L. Hortensius, plebeian tribune, and saved by the entreaties of the military tribunes of his army, 42. Is again accused, and condemned, 44.

——, Blæsus, C., brings to trial Cn. Fulvius, for the loss of his army, xxvi. 2.

————, Cn., lieutenant-general under Q. Fulvius, xxvii. 6.

————, C., plebeian ædile, xxxix. 7. Prætor, 32.

——, Longus, C., commissioner of religious affairs, xli. 21.

——, Atratinus, L., consul, iv. 7. Censor, 8.

——, Tuditanus, M., on the capture of New Carthage, appointed arbiter in the dispute about a mural crown, xxvi. 48. Prætor, xxxvii. 47. Consul, xxxix. 23. Chief pontiff, 46. Dies of the plague, xli. 21.

————, P., ambassador to Ptolemy Epiphanes, xxxi. 2. Curule ædile, is made prætor, xxiv. 43, 44; xxv. 3; xxvi. 1. Censor, xxvii. 11. Consul, xxix. 11. Makes peace with Philip, 12. Engages in an irregular combat with Hannibal, and is worsted; engages him again, and gains the victory, 36.

——, Sophus, P., plebeian tribune, ix. 33. Inveighs against Appius Claudius, censor, and orders him to be imprisoned, 34. Consul, he enjoys a triumph, 45. Is made pontiff, x. 9. Prætor, 21.

——, Blæsus, P., plebeian tribune, opposes the grant of a triumph to P. Cornelius Scipio, xxxvi. 39.

Sempronius Gracchus, P., plebeian tribune, and Caius, accuse Acilius Glabrio of peculation, xxxvii. 58.

——, Longus, P., prætor, xxxix. 32.

——, Gracchus, Tib., master of horse, xxii. 57. Sends corn and nuts down the river to the besieged in Casilinum, xxiii. 19. Curule ædile, is made consul, 24. Supports the spirits of the senate, 25. Takes the command of the volunteer slaves, 32. His services, 35-37. He defeats Hanno, xxiv. 14, 15. Gives freedom to the volunteer slaves, 16. Again consul, 43. His actions in Lucania, xxv. 1. He is insnared by treachery, and his body is sent to Hannibal, 16.

————, when very young, is made augur, xxix. 38. Chosen, as remarkably spirited, by Scipio, for an expeditious journey to Philip, xxxvii. 7.

——, Longus, Tib., consul, xxi. 6. Is sent into Sicily, 17. Recalled, and joins his colleague, 51. Is defeated by Hannibal, 55. Fights Hannibal again, is successful at first, but worsted afterwards, 59. Fights Hanno with good success, xxiii. 37.

——, Gracchus, Tib., plebeian tribune, although at enmity with Scipio Africanus, stops the prosecution against him, and receives thanks from the senate for his honourable conduct, xxxviii. 53. Prevents the imprisonment of L. Scipio, 60.

————, commissioner of a colony, xxxix. 55. Prætor, xl. 35. Consul, xli. 8. Triumphs over the Celtiberians, 7.

——, Longus, Tib., son of Caius, commissioner of religious affairs, xxvii. 6. Prætor, xxxiii. 24. Consul, xxxiv. 42. Informs the senate of an insurrection in Liguria, 56.

——, Musca, Tib., commissioner of lands, xlv. 13.

Sena, colony, xxvii. 46.

Senate, instituted by Romans, consisting of one hundred members, called Patres, and their descendants, Patricians, i. 8. Why called Conscript Fathers, ii. 1. Their number augmented on the destruction of Alba, i. 17, 30; to two hundred and to three hundred by the first Tarquinius, called Fathers of Inferior Birth, 35. Is diminished by the cruelty of Tarquinius the Proud, 49; and filled up by Brutus, ii. 1. Chiefs of the Albans chosen into the senate, i. 30. The first mention by Livy of a plebeian senator, v. 12. Appius Claudius procures the admission of sons of freed-men into the senate, but this practice is not followed, ix. 46. The rule altered, which required the senate’s previous approbation of a law, before it was passed by the people, i. 17. Senators chosen first by the kings, 8, 30, 35; afterwards by the consuls, ii. 1; and from the year 300, by the censors, iv. 8. After the battle of Cannæ, a dictator created to choose the senate, xxiii. 22. Prince of the senate generally the member alive who had been censor first, xxvii. 11. This rule not always observed, 13. A particular place assigned to senators at the public shows, xxxiv. 54. Decrees of the senate first kept by the ædiles in the temple of Ceres, iii. 55. Afterwards in the treasury, 9. Decree of the last necessity, 4. Senators forbidden to deal in merchandise, xxi. 63. Liable to a fine for non-attendance, iii. 38. Judgment of the senate, auctoritas, iv. 57.

Senones, people of Gaul, advance to Clusium, and to Rome, v. 35. _See_ Gauls. Surround and cut to pieces a Roman legion, x. 26.

Sentina, x. 27, 30.

Sepinum taken by L. Papirius, x. 44, 45.

Seppius Lesius, the last Campanian who was chief magistrate at Capua, xxvi. 6, 13.

Sergia, practised in poisoning, put to death by a dose of her own composition, viii. 18.

Sergius, C., consular tribune, vi. 5. Again, 11. A third time, 27.

——, L., carrying an offering to Delphi, taken by pirates, and dismissed, v. 28.

——, Fidenas, L., military tribune, v. 16. Consul, 17. Consular tribune, 25. A second time consul, 30. A second time consular tribune, 35. A third time, 45.

——————, consular tribune, iv. 35.

——, Manlius, decemvir, iii. 35.

——, Fidenas, Man., consular tribune, iv. 61. Again, v. 8. On his camp being attacked by the Faliscians, he chooses to be vanquished by the enemy, rather than send to his colleague for succour, for which he is brought to trial, 11, and fined, 12.

——, Man., military tribune, assists in the taking of Locri, xxix. 6. Is scourged by Pleminius, and put to death, 9.

——, Silus, Man., prætor, when the number was increased to six, xxxii. 27. Lieutenant-general, xliv. 30.

Serrhium, fort, taken by Philip, xxxi. 16.

Servilii, Albans, chosen into the senate by Tullius Hostilius, i. 30.

Servilius, C., commissioner of lands, obliged to fly by an inroad of the Boians, xxi. 25.

————, consul, ii. 49.

————, consular tribune, contending with his colleagues, submits to the advice of his father, iv. 45.

——, Ahala, C., master of horse, kills Mælius, iv. 13, 14. Is commended by the dictator, 15. Made consul, 30. Consular tribune, 56. Master of horse, and a second time consular tribune, 57. A third time, v. 8. In obedience to the will of the senate, he obliges his colleagues to abdicate, 9.

Servilius Ahala, C., master of horse, vi. 2.

——, C., commissioner for conducting a colony to Placentia, is seized by the Gauls, xxi. 25; and sixteen years after is delivered, and brought home by his son, xxx. 19.

————, son of the preceding, lieutenant-general, throws supplies into the citadel of Tarentum, xxv. 15. Is made pontiff, xxvii. 6. Plebeian ædile, 21. Master of horse, and curule ædile, 33, 36. Prætor, xxviii. 10, 46. Consul, xxix. 38; xxx. 1. Liberates and brings home his father, xxx. 19. Dictator, 39. Chief pontiff, xxxix. 46. Is ordered to find out expiations in time of a pestilence, xl. 37. Dies, 42.

——, Casca, C., plebeian tribune, xxv. 3.

——, Cæpio, Cn., pontiff, xxv. 2. Curule ædile, xxviii. 10. Prætor, xxxviii. 46. Consul, xxix. 38; xxx, 1. Goes over to Sicily in pursuit of Hannibal, but is recalled by a dictator appointed for the purpose, 24. Dies, xli. 21.

——, Geminus, Cn.,. consul, xxi. 57; xxii. 1. He ravages the island of Maninx, 31. Follows the plan of Fabius in conducting the war, 32, 43. Is slain at Cannæ, 49.

——, Structus, L., consular tribune, iv. 47.

——, M., augur, xxvi. 23. Curule ædile, xxix. 38. Master of horse, xxx. 24. Consul, 26, 27. Is continued in command, 41. His speech in favour of Æmilius Paullus, xlv. 37, &c.

——, M., military tribune, xl. 27. Pontiff, xliii. 11.

——, Geminus, M., master of horse, xxx. 24, 27. Commissioner of lands, xxxi. 4. Of a colony, xxxii. 29.

——, P., consul, ii. 21. Not pleasing either to the patricians or plebeians, 27.

————, consul, iii. 6. Dies, 7.

——, Q., consul, ii. 6. Again; and is sent against the Æquans, iii. 2.

————, quæstor, prosecutes M. Volscius for false evidence against Cæso, iii. 24.

——, Priscus, Q., dictator, iv. 21. Routs the Etrurians, and takes Fidenæ, 22. Calls on the tribunes to make the consuls name a dictator, 26. Is made dictator, 46. Defeats the Æquans, 47.

——, Fidenas, Q., consular tribune, v. 8. Again, 14. Interrex, 17. Consular tribune a third time, 24. A fourth, 36. A fifth, vi. 4. A sixth, 6.

——, Q., consular tribune, xi. 22. Again, 31. A third time, 36.

——, Ahala, Q., consul, vii. 1. A second time, 4. Dictator; he, by direction of the senate, vows the great games, and, after several services, abdicates, 11. Is made interrex, 17.

——, Q., master of horse, vii. 22. Consul, 38.

——, Sp., consul, repulses the Veians; is afterwards worsted by them, and saved by his colleague, ii. 51, 52.

——, Priscus, Sp., consul, vi. 31. Consular tribune, 38.

Servius Cornelius, consul, ii. 41.

——, Tullius, i. 18. Son of a prisoner taken at Corniculum, 39, and iv. 3. Advanced to the throne by the senate, 41. Marries his daughters to the Tarquins. 42. Institutes the census, 42; and closes the lustrum, 44. Is murdered, 48. His commentaries, 60.

Sestius Capitolinus, P., consul, iii. 22. Decemvir, 33.

——, P., a patrician, brought to trial before the people by C. Julius, decemvir, iii. 33.

————, quæstor, iv. 50.

Sestos, or Sestus, on the Hellespont, xxxii. 33.

Setia, colony, vi. 30. Plundered by the Privernians, vii. 42; xxvi. 8; xxx. 14. Refuses supplies, xxvii. 9. Decree of the senate on the occasion, xxix. 15.

Setians inform of the revolt of the Privernians, viii. 1.

Sewer, great, constructed by Tarquinius the Proud, i. 55.

Sextilius, C., a plebeian consular tribune, vi. 30.

——, M., of Fregellæ, answers for eighteen colonies, that they would supply troops, xxvii. 10.

Sextius, L., plebeian tribune, iv. 49.

——, plebeian tribune, proposes laws concerning debts, concerning lands, and the admission of plebeians to the consulship, and prevents the election of curule magistrates, vi. 35. Being a tenth time tribune, he is made the first plebeian consul, 42.

——, Sabinus, M., prætor, xxx. 26.

Ships, long, or ships of war, v. 28.

———, light, xxi. 28.

——, transport, xxii. 11.

——, prætorian, or chief commander’s, xxix. 25.

——, beaked, xxviii. 45, 46; xxx. 10.

——, scout, xxx. 10.

——, conveyed over land at Tarentum, xxv. 11.

Ship-race, annual, at Patavium, x. 2.

Shops of the silversmiths in the Roman forum setup to sale by Hannibal, xxvi. 11.

Sibaris, xxvi, 39.

Sibyl, i. 7.

Sibylline books, iii. 10; v. 13, &c.

Siccius, L., murdered by contrivance of the decemvirs, iii. 43.

Sicilians, their affairs regulated by Marcellus, xxiv. 40. They complain to the senate of Marcellus, xxvi. 29. The humble supplication of the ambassadors to him, 33.

Sicilian war, xxiv. 36; xxv. 40. Strait, i. 2.

Sicilius, who had excited the Hirpinians to a revolt, beheaded, xxiii. 37.

Sicily, Æneas arrives there, i. 1. Corn is purchased there by the Romans, ii. 34. The Carthaginians first send an army thither, iv. 29. A fleet sent, as supposed by Livy, by the tyrants of Sicily, infests the Tuscan sea, vii. 25. The island is abandoned by the Carthaginians, xxvi. 40. Its affairs adjusted by Scipio, xxix. 1.

Sicinius, C, advises the secession to the Sacred Mount, ii. 32. Is one of the first plebeian tribunes, 33. _See_ iii. 54.

——, Cn., prætor, xlii. 10. Is sent with an army to Macedonia, 27.

——, L., plebeian tribune, vi. 6.

——, T., consul, ii. 40. Defeats the Volscians, 41.

————, proposes that the Romans should remove to Veii, v. 24.

Sicyon, xxvii. 13; xxxii. 23, 39.

Sicyonians, Aratus, (father and son,) murdered by Philip, xxxii. 21. The country wasted, xxxiii. 15.

Sidetans, people, xxxv. 13.

Sidicinians, attacked by the Samnites, procure the assistance of the Campanians, vii. 29. Wish to surrender themselves to the Romans; and, being rejected, are reduced by the Latins, viii. 1, 2. Wage war with the Auruncians, 15. Are conquered by the Romans, 16, 17.

Sidicinian lands ravaged by Hannibal, xxvi. 9.

Sidonians, xxxv. 48.

Sigeum, promontory, xliv. 28.

Signia, colony, i. 55; ii. 21; viii. 3. Faithful to the Romans, xxvii. 10.

Sigovesus, leader of the Celts into Italy, v. 34.

Silenus, a Greek writer, xxvi. 49.

Silius, Q., first plebeian quæstor, iv. 54.

Silpia, xxviii. 12.

Silver accruing from fines, by which brazen images were purchased, and set up in the temple of Ceres, xxvii. 6; and xxx. 39.

——, contribution of, to the treasury, xxviii. 38; xxx. 45.

——, mines in Spain, xxviii. 3.

Sinope, afterwards Sinuessa, x. 21; xxvii. 38; xxxii. 9.

Sinuessa, viii. 11. Colony, x. 21; xxii. 14.

Sinuessan waters, xxii. 13.

Sipontum taken by Alexander of Epirus, viii. 24.

——, colony, xxxiv. 45. Deserted, xxxix. 23.

Sipyrrhicas, Ætolian ambassador, xxxi. 46.

Slingers, xxi. 21; xxviii. 37; xxxviii. 21, 29.

Smyrna asserts its freedom xxxiii. 38. Defends itself with bravery xxxv. 42. Is honoured by the Romans, and rewarded with an addition of territory, xxxviii. 39.

Soldiers, Roman, first receive pay, iv. 59. Donations usually made to them by a general at his triumph, x. 44. Their verses, iii. 26; iv. 40. _See_ Army and Legion.

Soli, fort, xxxiii. 20.

Solon’s laws, copied by the Romans, iii. 31.

Sopater made prætor at Syracuse, xxiv. 33.

——, one of Philip’s generals, carries four thousand men to Africa, xxx. 26. Is refused to the demand of Philip’s ambassadors, 42.

Sophonisba, daughter of Hasdrubal, wife of Syphax, marries Masinissa, xxx. 12. Swallows poison, 15.

Sora, taken by the Romans, vii. 28. Inhabitants kill the Roman colonists, and join the Samnites, ix. 23. It is taken by the Romans, by means of a deserter, 24. Retaken by the Samnites, 43. Recovered by the Romans, 44. A colony settled there, x. 1. Decree of the senate on its refusing supplies, xxix. 15.

Sosis, and Theodotus, as soon as Hieronymus was slain, hasten to Syracuse, xxiv. 21.

——, sent by Marcellus to the governor of the fort Euryalus, xxv. 25. Wears a golden crown in Marcellus’s triumph, and is rewarded with the freedom of Rome, xxvi. 21.

Sosistheus Magnus, ambassador of Philip to Hannibal, xxiii. 39.

Sospita, Juno, viii. 14.

Sotimus, page to Alexander of Epirus, viii. 24.

Spain, divided between the Romans and Carthaginians by the river Iberus, xxi. 2. Cn. Scipio the first Roman who headed an army there, xxi. 32; xxv. 37. The first conquest attempted on the continent, and the last completed, xxviii. 12. The inhabitants restless, and fond of change, xxii. 21.

Sparta, in early times, had not walls, xxxiv. 38. Romans attempt to storm it, 39. Its mode of education rough and hardy, xxxviii. 17. _See_ Lacedæmon.

Sperchiæ, xxxii. 13.

Sperchius, river, xxxvi. 14; xxxvii. 4.

Spies, employed by Hannibal, taken by the Roman guards, are, by the order of Scipio, conducted through all parts of the camp, and dismissed, xxx. 29.

Spoils, grand, offered by Romulus to Jupiter Feretrius, i. 10. Offered again by Corn. Cossus, iv. 20, 32.

——, equestrian, viii. 7.

——, burned in honour of Vulcan, i. 37.

Spoletum attempted in vain by Hannibal, xxii. 9; xxiv. 10. The inhabitants commended by the Romans, xxvii. 10.

Spring, sacred, xxxiii. 44.

Spurius Nautius Rutilus, consular tribune, iv. 61. _See_ Nautius.

Spy of the Carthaginians discovered at Rome, had his hands cut off, and was sent away, xxii. 33.

Statiellæ, a Ligurian city, unjustly attacked by M. Popilius, xlii. 7, 8, 21. He eludes punishment, 22.

Statilius, Manius, a Lucanian, detects a stratagem of Hannibal, xxii. 42, 43.

Statius Trebius promises to put Hannibal in possession of Compsa, xxxiii. 1.

——, Metius, commander of the celebrated garrison of Casilinum, xxiv. 19.

——, T., plebeian tribune, accuses Sp. Servilius, ii. 52.

——, Gellius, Samnite general, is taken by the Romans, ix. 44.

——, Minatius, Samnite general, is made prisoner, x. 20.

Stator. _See_ Jupiter.

Statorius, Q., left with Syphax to discipline his troops, xxiv. 48; xxx. 28.

Stellatian plains, ix. 44; x. 31.

Stellatine tribe, vi. 5.

Stena, defile, near Antigonia, xxxii. 5.

Stenius Minius Celer, one of Hannibal’s hosts at Capua, xxiii. 8.

Stertinius, C, prætor, xxxviii. 35.

——, L., commissioner to give liberty to several Thracian states, xxxiii. 35.

Stimo, xxxii. 14.

Stobi, xxxiii. 19.

Stratonice, a fruitless expedition of the Rhodians against it, xxxiii. 18. It is assigned to the Rhodians by the Romans, 30.

Stratonides, accomplice of Zeuxippus in a plot against Brachyllas, xxxiii. 28.

Stratum, xxxvi. 11; xxxviii. 4, 5; xliii. 21.

Streets, cause of their irregularity, v. 55.

Strymon, river, xliv. 44, 45.

Stubera, xxxi. 39; xliii. 19.

Stymphalia, xxxiii. 14. The same as Stymphalis, xlv. 30.

Sub-centurion, a, conquers a Latin centurion, viii. 8.

Sublician bridge, v. 40.

Suburra, part of Rome, iii. 13.

Suessa Pometia, taken from the Volscians, i. 41. Revolts, ii. 16. Is taken, 17.

——, Aurunca, viii. 15. Colony, ix. 28. Refuses supplies, xxvii. 9. Decree of the senate in consequence, xxix. 15.

Suessetans, people of Spain, xxv. 34. Their lands wasted by Mandonius, xxviii. 24; xxxiv. 20.

Suessula, vii. 37; xxiii. 14, 17; xxiv. 46; xxv. 7, 22; xxvi. 9; xxviii. 9.

Suessulans are complimented with the freedom of Rome without right of suffrage, viii. 14.

Suffetes, title of the chief magistrate at Carthage, xxviii. 37; xxx. 7.

Suismomontium, mount, xxxix. 2; xl. 41.

Sulmo, xxvi. 11.

Sulpicia, mother-in-law to the consul Postumius, gives him a good character of Æbutia, in the affair of the Bacchanals, xxxix. 11.

Sulpicius Camerinus, C., abdicates the censorship, vi. 27.

——, Longus, C., consul, viii. 15. Again, 37. A third time, ix. 24. Defeats the Samnites, 27.

——, C., lieutenant-general, vanquishes the Hernicians, vii. 7. Probably the same with C. Sulpicius Pæticus, consul, vii. 2. Again, 9. He takes Ferrentinum, 9. Is made dictator, and defers coming to action, to the dissatisfaction of his army, 12. His stratagem, 14. He defeats the Gauls, and triumphs, 15. Is made interrex, and a third time consul, 17. A fourth time. 19. A second time interrex, and a fifth time consul, 22.

————, prætor, xxv. 41.

——, Gallus, C., pontiff, xxxii. 7.

——, Galba, C., augur, xli. 21.

——, Gallus, C., prætor, is chosen a patron by hither Spain, xliii. 2. Prætor, 11. Military tribune; foretells to the army an eclipse of the moon, xliv. 37. Consul, xlv. 44.

——, L., military tribune, xl. 27.

——, Severus, P., consul, triumphs over the Æquans, ix. 45. Censor, x. 9.

——, Galba, P., before he had held any curule office, made consul, xxv. 41. Is sent into Apulia, and thence to Macedonia, xxiv. 22, 28. His exploits, xxvii. 10, 31, 32; xxviii. 5, 7. Dictator, xxx. 24.

————, consul, xxxi. 5. Sent to Macedonia, 14. His services there, to 47.

——, Q., lieutenant-general under A. Postumius, dictator, iv. 27.

——, Camerinus, Q., consular tribune, v. 8. Again, 14.

——, Longus, Q., consular tribune, v. 36, 47. Makes terms with Brennus for raising the siege of the Capitol, 48.

——, Galba, Servius, curule ædile, xxvii. 21. Ambassador to Attalus, xxix. 11. Pontiff, xxx. 26.

Sulpicius, Servius, consul, ii. 19.

——, chief curio, iii. 7.

——, consul, iii. 10. Deputy to Athens, to collect laws, 31. Decemvir, 33. Deputy to the seceding troops on the Aventine, 50.

——, Camerinus, Servius, consul, vii. 28.

——, Rufus, Servius, consular tribune, vi. 4. A second time, 18. A third time, vi. 21.

——, Servius, consular tribune, vi. 22. Again, 32. Retakes Tusculum, 33. His wife daughter of M. Fabius Ambustus, 34. Consular tribune a third time, 26. A fourth, 38.

——, Galba, Servius, prætor, xxxviii. 42. Instigates the second legion to oppose the triumph of P. Æmilius, xlv. 35.

Summanus, Pluto, his temple at Rome, xxxii. 29.

Sunium, promontory, xxviii. 8; xxxi. 23; xxxii. 17.

Suovetaurilia, i. 44; viii. 10.

Sura, P., lieutenant-general, xxii. 31.

Surrentines revolt to the Carthaginians, xxii. 61.

Survey, general, instituted by Ser. Tullius, i. 42.

Performed, i. 44. Number rated 80,000 —— iii. 3. —— 124,214 —— iii. 24. —— 132,409 —— x. 9, 47. —— 262,322 —— xxvii. 36. —— 137,108 —— xxix. 37. —— 214,000 —— xxxviii. 36. —— 258,308 —— xlii. 10. —— 269,015

Sutrian lands, xxvi. 34.

Sutrium taken by Etrurians, and retaken by Camillus, vi. 3. The city is besieged by the Etrurians, and relieved, 9. Considered as the key of Etruria, and again besieged, ix. 32, 35. _See_ x. 14. Refuses supplies as a colony, xxvii. 9. Decree of the senate in consequence, xxix. 15.

Swine used in confirming a treaty, i. 24; ix. 5.

Sycurium, operations of Perseus and the Romans near it, xlii. 54, 57, 62, 64.

Syleum, xxxviii. 14.

Sylvanus, supposed to have uttered a loud voice from the Arsian wood, ii. 7.

Sylvius, surname of the Alban kings, i. 3.

Synnada, xxxviii. 15; xlv. 34.

Syphax, king of Numidia, solicited by Scipio, forms a treaty of amity with the Romans, xxiv. 48. Defeated by Masinissa, he flies to the Maurusians, 49. Sends an embassy to Rome, and receives one from thence, xxvii. 4. Is visited by Scipio and Hasdrubal, and makes an alliance with Scipio, xxviii. 17, 18. Marries a daughter of Hasdrubal, and renounces the friendship of Scipio, xxix. 23. His war with Masinissa, 33. His camp is burned by Scipio and Masinissa, xxx. 5. He advances against Masinissa and Lælius; is defeated and taken, 11. His discourse to Scipio on being brought to the Roman camp, 13. He is sent to Rome, 17, and dies in confinement, 45.

Sypheum comes over to the Romans, xxx. 19.

Syracuse, suffers great disturbances after the death of Hieronymus, xxiv. 21, 27, 28. Falls under the command of Hippocrates and Epicydes, 33. Is besieged by Marcellus, and defended by Archimedes, and the siege turned into a blockade, 34. The city is taken, xxv. 23, 31. The spoils carried to Rome, 40.

Syracusans put their city under the patronage of Marcellus, xxvi. 32.

Syria, xxxvii. 3.

Syrians by nature fitted for slavery, xxxvi. 17.

Syrtis, lesser, xxix. 33.

Tabæ, xxxviii. 13.

Tables, twelve, of laws, iii. 34, 37. Engraved in brass, and hung up in public, 57.

Tagus, river, xxi. 5; xxvii. 19.

Talassio, whence the practice of repeating this word at weddings, i. 9.

Tanagra, xxxiii. 28.

Tanais, river, xxxviii. 38.

Tanaquil, wife of Lucumo, skilled in augury, i. 34. Advises her husband to give the best education to Servius Tullius, 39. Conceals the death of Tarquinius until Servius secures the throne, 41. _See_ 47.

Tarentines engage the Lucanians in a war against Rome, viii. 27. Their insolent embassy derided by Papirius, ix. 14. They join the Carthaginians, xxii. 61. Send ambassadors to Hannibal, xxiv. 13. Their hostages, apprehended in flight from Rome, are thrown from the Tarpeian rock, xxv. 7. They join the enemy, 8, &c. Their fleet defeats that of the Romans, while the Romans defeat their army on land, xxvi. 39.

Tarentum betrayed to Hannibal, xxv. 8, 9. Taken by Fabius Maximus, xxvii. 15. The citadel besieged by Hannibal, xxv. 11. Its defence provided for by the Romans, 15.

——, country of, xxvii. 40. Its harbour, xxiii. 33.

Tarpeius, Sp., commander in the citadel of Rome; his daughter, bribed by T. Tatius, admits the Sabines into the fortress, i. 11.

——, accused, on the expiration of his consulate, iii. 31. Is one of the deputies sent to the seceders on the Aventine, 50. Made plebeian tribune, 65.

Tarpeian mount, i. 55. Rock, vi. 20.

Tarquinii, i. 34; xxvii. 4.

Tarquinians, take arms in favour of Tarquinius the Proud; and, after a battle with the Romans, ii. 6, return home, 7. Ravage the Roman territory, are defeated, and treated with severity for having massacred Roman soldiers, 19. A truce of forty years is granted to them, 22. The Tarquinians and Taliscians defeat the consul Fabius by means of snakes and burning torches, vii. 17.

Tarquinius Priscus, L., appointed tutor to the king’s sons, forms designs on the throne, i. 34. Is elected king, adds one hundred to the senate, wages war with the Latins, 35; with the Sabines, 36. His works, 38. Death, 40.

——, L., aspires to the crown, i. 46. Instigated by his wife, seizes it by force, 47. Puts the principal senators to death, secures his person by a strong guard, neglects the practice of consulting the senate, courts the favour of the Latins, marries his daughter to Mamilius of Tusculum, is surnamed the Proud, 49. Is severely censured by Herdonius, 50, whose death he procures, 51. He makes war on the Volscians, and takes Suessa Pometia; takes Gabii by stratagem, 53, 54. Builds the temple of Jupiter Capitolinus, and executes other works, 55. Lays siege to Ardea, 57. Is dethroned, and banished, 60. Attempts to recover the kingdom by the aid of the Veians and Tarquinians, ii. 6; then of Porsenna, and is wounded at the battle of Regillus, 19. Dies, 21.

——, Aruns, son of the Proud, sent to Delphi, i. 56. Falls in battle, together with his antagonist L. J. Brutus, ii. 6.

——, L., son of the Proud, i. 56. Is present in the battle of Regillus, ii. 19, 20.

——, Sex., son of the same, betrays Gabii to his father, i. 53, 54. His treatment of Lucretia, 58. He is killed at Gabii, 60.

——, Auruns, brother of the Proud, mild in disposition, is murdered by his wife, i. 46.

——, Collatinus, L., son of Egerius, husband of Lucretia, i. 57. Is made consul, 60. Abdicates, and goes into exile, ii. 2.

Tarquitius, L., master of horse, iii. 37.

Tarracina, formerly Anxur, iv. 59. Colony, pleads exemption from sea-service, xxxvi. 3; xxii. 15; xxvii. 4; xxviii. 11.

——, river, xxiv. 44.

Tarraco, xxi. 61; xxii. 19; xxvi. 17, 51. Its harbour, xxii. 22. An assembly of all the Spanish allies is held there by Scipio, xxvi. 19.

Tartessians, Spanish people, xxiii. 26.

Tatius, T., i. 10, 11, 13, 14.

Taulantians, xlv. 26.

Taurea, _see_ Jubellius.

Taurilia, games, xxxix. 22.

Taurine forest, v. 34.

Taurinians, their capital city taken by Hannibal, xxi. 39.

Tauris, mount, xxxv. 13; xxxvii. 35, 45, 52-54; xxxviii. 27, 37, 38, 47, 53, 59.

Tauropolos, Diana so called at Amphipolis, xliv. 44.

Taurus, river, xxxviii. 15.

Taxes, remitted to the commons of Rome, ii. 9. Imposed for payment of the army, and collected in spite of the tribunes, iv. 60. Are collected with difficulty, v. 10, 12. A tax for building a wall of hewn stone, vi. 32. Another for paying the army, x. 46. Double taxes imposed, xxiii. 32.

Taygetus, mount, xxxiv. 28.

Teanians, ix. 20.

Teanum, city in Apulia, xxiii. 24. In Sidicinia, xxii. 57.

Tectosagian Gauls settle in the inland part of Asia, xxxviii. 16. Form an ambush for the Roman consul, 25; and are defeated, 27. Ordered not to carry arms beyond their own bounds, 40.

Tegea, xxxv. 27; xxxviii. 34.

Tegmon, xlv. 26.

Telesia, taken by Hannibal, xxii. 13. Stormed by the Romans, xxiv. 20.

Tellenæ, i. 33.

Tellus, goddess, x. 28. Her temple, ii. 41.

Telmessus, xxxviii. 39.

Telmessian bay, xxxvii. 16.

Tempanius, Sex., decurio of horse, by making the cavalry dismount, prevents a total defeat, iv. 38. His prudent answer respecting the consul Sempronius, 41. He is made plebeian tribune, 42.

Tempe, vale in Thessaly, xxxii. 15. A meeting there of Cn. Cornelius and Philip, xxxiii. 35; xxxvi. 10; xlii. 67; xliv. 6, 7.

Tendeba, xxxiii. 18.

Tenedos, island, xxxi. 16; xliv. 28.

Teos, island, supplies Antiochus with provisions, xxxvii. 27. Is plundered by the Romans, and compelled to furnish supplies, 28. A naval victory gained there by the Romans over Antiochus, 30.

Terentillus Arsa, C., plebeian tribune, proposes the creation of five commissioners to compose laws for restraining the power of the consuls, iii. 9.

Terentine tribe, x. 9.

Terentius Varro, A., prætor, xxxix. 32. Deputy to Greece, xlv. 17.

——, C., of mean birth, proposes an order of the people, giving the master of horse authority equal to that of the dictator, and is made consul, xxii. 25, 35. Disagreement between him and his colleague Æmilius, 44. Gives the signal of battle at Cannæ, 45. Flies to Venusia, 49. At his return to Rome, receives general thanks, 61. His speech to the Campanian deputies, xxiii. 5. He is continued in command during several years, xxv. 6; xxvii. 35. Sent ambassador to Philip, xxx. 26; to Africa, xxxi. 11. Commissioner of a colony, 49.

Terentius, L., sent one of ten deputies to adjust a dispute between Antiochus and Ptolemy, xxxiii. 39.

——, Massa, L., plebeian ædile, xxxi. 50. Prætor, xxxviii. 42.

——, Tuscivicanus, P., xlv. 17.

——, Q., deputy to the consul Flaminius, xxi. 63.

——, Culleo, Q., a senator, after having been long a prisoner of the Carthaginians, is restored to his country, xxx. 43. Follows Scipio in his triumph, 45. Ambassador to Carthage, xxxiii. 47. Prætor, xxxviii. 42. Is commissioned to hold an inquiry respecting the conduct of Scipio, 55.

Terentine tribe, x. 9.

Terina taken by Alexander of Epire, viii. 24.

Termessus, xxxviii. 15.

Terminalia festival, xliii. 11; xlv. 44.

Terminus, deity, i. 55; v. 54.

Tessera, ticket, mode of conveying orders, vii. 35; ix. 32; xxvii. 46; xxviii. 14.

Testudo, fence, formed of close shields, x. 29, 43.

Tetraphilia delivered from the Macedonian garrison, xxviii. 1.

Thanksgiving of one day, iii. 7. Two days, x. 23. Three days, xxvii. 51. Four days, xxix. 14. Five days, xxx. 21.

Thaumaci, besieged by Philip, relieved by the Ætolians, xxxii. 4. Taken by the Romans, xxxvi. 14.

Thebe plain, celebrated by Homer, xxxvii. 19.

Thebes, capital of Bœotia, its ruins, ix. 18. It is seized by T. Quintius, xxxiii. 1, 2. The inhabitants divided into two parties, the stronger of which surrenders the city to the Romans, xlii. 44. The Romans again take possession of it, 63.

——, in Phthiotis, xxviii. 7. Retained by the Romans, in opposition to the Ætolians, xxxiii, 13; xxxix. 25.

Themistus, son-in-law of Gelon, accomplice of Andranodorus, put to death, xxiv. 24, 25.

Thensæ, carriages for the images of the gods, v. 41; ix. 40.

Theodotus, one of the conspirators against Hieronymus, when put to the torture, conceals his accomplices, and falsely accuses Thraso, xxiv. 5. Hastens with Sosis to Syracuse, after the death of Hieronymus, 21.

Theogenes, Macedonian general, xliv 32.

Theondas, king of Samothrace, summons Evander of Crete to stand trial for murder, is bribed afterwards by Perseus, xlv. 5.

Theoxena, daughter of Herodicus, a Thessalian chieftain, her extraordinary affection for the children of her sister Archo and her courageous death, xl. 4.

Thermopylæ, straits, xxviii. 5, 7. Pylaic council held there, xxxiii. 35.

——, why so called, rendered memorable by the efforts of the Lacedæmonians against the Persians, xxxviii. 15. Defeat of Antiochus near it, 18, 19. _See_ 42, and xlv. 22.

Thesprotian bay, receives the river Acheron, viii. 24.

Thesprotians assist Ap. Claudius in Epirus, xliii. 21.

Thessalian cavalry, ix. 19.

Thessalians, make heavy complaints against Philip, xxxix. 25. Are answered by him in a menacing manner, 26. Raise insurrections on account of debts, xlii. 5.

Thessalonice, a congress held there, concerning Thracian cities seized by Philip xxxix. 27; xl. 56.

Thessaly, xxvii. 30, 32. Its rich plains tempt the Ætolians, xxxi. 41. It is plundered by three armies at once, xxxii. 14, 15. Philip defeated there by T. Quintius, xxxiii. 7, 8, 24.

Thetidium, xxxiii. 6, 7.

Thoas, prætor of the Ætolians, persuades them to engage Antiochus, Philip, and Nabis, in alliance against the Romans, xxxv. 12. Exaggerates the power of Antiochus, 32. Dissuades Antiochus from employing Hannibal, 42. Opposes Phæneas’s proposal of an accommodation. 45. Is required to be given up to the Romans, xxxviii. 38.

Thrace, xxxvii. 60. Invaded by the Gauls, xxxviii. 16.

Thracians attack the troops of Manlius on their march, xxxviii. 40, 41, 46. Consent to give a passage to the Bastarnians, xl. 57. On the death of Philip, quarrel with and expel them, 58. Send ambassadors to Rome, and form an alliance and friendship, xlii. 19. Wage frequent wars with the Macedonians, 52. Attack the Roman cavalry with extraordinary fury, 59. Send an embassy to Rome to ransom prisoners, and obtain them without ransom, xlv. 42.

Thrasians, plunderers, put to flight by the Romans, xxxviii. 41.

Thrasimene, or Trasimene, lake, the battle near it, xxii. 6, 7; xxiv. 18.

Thrasippus, Macedonian, commander of a chosen band of targeteers, xlii. 51.

Thraso, intimate friend of Hieronymus, king of Syracuse, falsely accused as a conspirator, and put to death, xxiv. 5.

Thronium, a conference held there between Philip and Quintius, xxxii. 36; xxxv. 37; xxxvi. 20.

Thunder being heard while an assembly is held, vitiates the proceedings, xxiii. 31.

Thuriæ, or Thurii, ix. 19; x. 2. Having revolted to Hannibal, returns to its former friendship with Rome, xxv. 1. Revolts again to Hannibal, the Roman garrison being treacherously exposed to Hannibal’s stratagem, 15.

Thyatira, xxxvii. 8, 21.

Thymbris, river, xxxviii. 18.

Thyrium, xxvi. 11. Refusing an alliance with Antiochus, is besieged by him, but the siege is soon raised, 12. A council of the Acarnanians held there, to give audience to Roman commissioners, xliii. 17.

Tiber, or Tiberinus, river, formerly Albula, until king Tiberinus was drowned in it, i. 3. Frozen so hard, that the navigation is stopped, xv. 13. Remarkable floods in it, xxiv. 9; xxx. 38; xxxv. 9. Two bridges and many buildings in Rome destroyed, 21. The field of Mars and low parts of the city overflowed twelve times in one year, xxxviii. 28.

Tiberina, island, ii. 5.

Tiberinus, tenth king of Alba, i. 3.

Tibur, xxii. 12.

Tiburtians, war declared against them by the Romans, vii. 9, who gain a victory over them, 11. They come in the dead of the night to the walls of Rome, and are defeated, 12. Compelled to submit to the Romans, 19. They support the Pedians, viii. 12. Are conquered by L. Furius, 13. And stripped of part of their lands, 14.

Tichius, a summit of mount Œta, xxvi. 16, 18.

Ticinus, river, v. 34.

Tifata, mount, vii. 29; xxiii. 36; xxvi. 5; xxxii. 7.

Tifernum, ix. 44; x. 14, 31.

Timanor, Macedonian general, xlii. 58.

Timasitheus, commander of the Liparean pirates, protects the Roman ambassadors, v. 28.

Timavus, lake, xli. 2.

Timisicrates, Rhodian naval commander, xxxvii. 14.

Timocrates, governor of Gythium, xxxiv. 29, 40.

Timon, a person of consequence in Phthiotic Thebes, xxxiii. 5.

——, made governor of Lydia by Antiochus, xxxvii. 44.

Timotheus, Macedonian general, xlii. 67.

Titienses, a century of Roman knights, and an old tribe, i. 13, 36; x. 6.

Titinius, L., consular tribune, v. 12. Again, he is unsuccessful against the Faliscians, 18.

——, M., plebeian tribune, iii. 54.

————, master of horse, x. 1.

——, Curvus, M., prætor, xl. 59.

Titinius, M. and C., plebeian tribunes, oppose the suit of L. Cornelius for a triumph, xxxv. 8.

——, P., lieutenant-general, xxxi. 21.

Toletum, xxxv. 7. Taken by M. Fulvius, 22.

Tolistoboian Gauls, xxxviii. 16, 19.

Tolumnius, Lars, king of the Veians, orders the Roman ambassadors to be slain, iv. 17. Is killed in battle by Cornelius Cossus, military tribune, 19.

Torone, taken by Philip, xxviii. 7; xliv. 12.

——, promontory, xxxi. 45.

Torquatus, _see_ Manlius.

Tralles, in Asia, surrendered to the Romans, xxxvii. 45. Assigned to Eumenes, xxxviii. 39.

Trallians, Illyrian, xxvii. 32; xxxi. 35; xxxvii. 39, 40.

Treasury, ii. 23; iv. 22; xxiv. 18; xxvi. 36.

Trebellius, M., xliii. 21.

——, Q., centurion, claims the mural crown at New Carthage, xxvi. 48.

Trebia, taken by Coriolanus, ii. 39.

——, river, where Hannibal defeats the Romans, xxi. 48.

Trebius procures the surrender of Compsa to Hannibal, xxiii. 1.

Trebonian law, v. 11, 12.

Trebonius, C., plebeian tribune, v. 11.

——, lieutenant-general, x. 40.

——, L., plebeian tribune, a bitter adversary to the patricians, thence surnamed Asper, iii. 65.

——, M., consular tribune, vi. 21.

Trebula stormed by Fabius, xxiii. 39.

Trebulans made free of Rome, x. 1.

Tremellius Flaccus, C., ambassador to Attalus, xxix. 11. Prætor, xxx. 26.

——, C., commissioner of lands, xxii. 4.

——, Flaccus, C., plebeian ædile, xxx. 26.

——, Cn., plebeian tribune, protests against the censors being continued in office, xlv. 15.

Triarian, veteran soldiers, ii. 47; vii. 23; viii. 8.

Tribune of the celeres, i. 59.

Tribunes, military, on the secession of the soldiers, are appointed by the troops, iii. 51.

——, military, at first appointed by the generals, afterwards in part by the people, vii. 5; ix. 30.

——, consular, three in number, first elected, iv. 67. Four elected, 31. Six are elected, 61. Eight are elected, v. 1. All patricians during forty-four years, vi. 37. The first plebeian, v. 12.

——, plebeian, first created, ii. 33. Their persons inviolable, iii. 55. Magistrates of the commons, not of the people at large, ii. 35, 56. Ordered to be elected in an assembly of the tribes, and three added to their number, 56, 58. The number increased to ten, iii. 30. The office laid aside on the creation of decemvirs, 32. Restored, 54. Two are brought in by choice of their college, 64, and v. 10. This mode of co-optation forbidden, iii. 65, and v. 11. A plebeian tribune orders his beadle to seize a consul, ii. 56. The tribunes threaten to imprison the consuls, iv. 26. Do the same to the consular tribunes, v. 9. Prevent the election of curule magistrates during five years, vi. 35. Their power confined within the walls of the city, iii. 20.

Tricca, xxxii. 13. Recovered from the Athamanians, xxxvi. 13. Disputed by Philip and the Thessalians, xxxix. 25.

Tricorian people, xxi. 30.

Trigemina gate, iv. 16; xxxv. 10, 41; xli. 27.

Triphylia restored to the Achæans by Philip, xxviii. 8; xxxii. 5.

Tripolis, in Laconia, xxxv. 27.

——, Scea, in Perrhæbia, xlii. 53, 55, 67.

Tripudium Solistimum, when the chickens eat greedily, x. 40.

Tritonon, xxviii. 7.

Triumph of Tarquinius Priscus, the first mentioned by Livy, i. 38.

——, iii. 29. The dress of generals in triumph, x. 7. The granting of a triumph belongs properly to the senate, iii. 63. A triumph ordered by the people, without the approbation of the senate, iii. 63; vii. 17. One without an order of either, x. 37.

——, a, not allowed to a commander, who was not invested with any magistracy, xxviii. 38.

——, of Scipio Africanus, xxx. 45.

Trocmi, one of the three tribes of Gauls that migrated to Asia, xxxviii. 16.

Trogilii harbour, xxv. 23.

Troilium, x. 46.

Tromentine tribe added, vi. 5.

Trophonian Jupiter, his temple in Lebadia, xlv. 27.

Troy taken; two other places named Troy, i. 1.

Trojan district, i. 1.

Tubero, Q., historian, iv. 23; x. 9.

Tuccius, M., curule ædile, xxxv. 41. Prætor, xxxvi. 45. Commissioner of a colony, xxxix. 23.

Tullia, two of the name, daughters of Servius Tullius, king, i. 46-59.

Tullianum, prison, xxix. 22.

Tullius, Man., consul, ii. 19.

——, Sex., chief centurion a seventh time, addresses the dictator Sulpicius on his protracting the war, vii. 13. Shows extraordinary bravery in battle, 16.

Tumult, Gallic, vii. 9.

Tunes, a strong city, fifteen miles distant from Carthage, taken by Scipio, xxx. 9, 16.

Turdetans, or Turdulians, a restless people in Spain, xxi. 6. Are entirely subdued by the Romans, sold by auction, and their city razed, xxiv. 42. Their lands tributary to Saguntum, xxviii. 39. They are defeated by P. Manlius, xxxiv. 17, 19.

Turnus, king of the Rutulians, i. 2.

Tuscans, _see_ Etrurians.

Tuscan sea, v. 33; xxvi. 19.

——, street, in Rome, ii. 14; xxvii. 39.

Tusculum, ii. 15, 16. Taken by the Latins, and recovered, vi. 33. Shuts its gates against Hannibal, xxvi. 9. Its hills, iii. 7, 8. Citadel, 23, and vi. 33.

Tusculans send succours to Rome, iii. 18. War declared against them by the Romans, which they avoid by peaceable demeanour, obtain peace, and privileges of Roman citizens, vi. 25, 26; viii. 14, 37.

Tutia river, xxvi. 11.

Tycha, part of Syracuse, xxiv. 21; xxv. 25.

Tyndarium, xxxvi. 2.

Tyrrheum, or Thyrium, xxxvi. 11; xxxviii. 9.

Tyrus, xxxiii. 48, 49; xxxiv. 61.

Tyscos, xxxviii. 18.

Ufens river, v. 35.

Ufentine tribe added, ix. 20.

Uffugum revolts from the Carthaginians to the Romans, xxx. 19.

Ulysses said to be the progenitor of Octavius Mamilius, i. 49.

Umbria, x. 1. Part of it called the Materine tract, ix. 41. Another part the Sappinian tribe, xxi. 2; xxii. 9; xxvii. 43.

Umbrians are driven out of their country by the Boians, v. 35. They, and the Etrurians, are defeated by the Romans at the Cirninian forest, ix. 37. Utterly overthrown, 39. They boast that they will attack Rome, are vanquished, and compelled to give up the advisers of their revolt, 41. They join the Etrurians, Samnites, and Gauls, against the Romans, x. 21, 27.

Urbicua, taken by Fulvius with great difficulty, xl. 16.

Urites, people, furnish ships to the Romans for the Macedonian war, xlii. 48.

Uscana, in Illyria, where Appius Claudius is insnared by the garrison, and suffers severely, xliii. 10. It is taken by Perseus after an obstinate defence, 18. Perseus, in violation of the capitulation, sells the natives, and confines the Romans, 19.

Usurers, fined, vii. 28; x. 23. Their practices, viii. 28.

Utens river, _see_ Ufens.

Utica, its lands ravaged by Otacilius, xxv. 31. Again wasted, xxvii. 5. Again by Valerius Lævinus, xxviii. 4. Scipio encamps near it, xxix. 28. Lays siege to it, and retires, 35. Besieges it again, xxx. 3, 5, 8. His fleet is attacked by the Carthaginians, 9, 10.

Vaccæans, people, Spanish, conquered by Hannibal, xxi. 5. Defeated by M. Fulvius, xxxv. 7; xl. 47, 50.

Vacciprata, viii. 19. _See_ Vitruvius.

Vadimon lake, a furious battle fought there by the Romans and Etrurians, ix. 39.

Valerius Antias, historian, iii. 5. Regardless of truth, xxvi. 49. Quoted, xxv. 39; xxix. 35; xxx. 19, 29, &c.

——, Flaccus, military tribune, xxv. 14; xxxix. 4.

——, C., consular tribune, vi. 36.

————, consul, viii. 18.

——, Potitus, C., consular tribune, iv. 49. Consul, 53. Consular tribune a second time, 57. A third time, 61.

——, Flaccus, C., made flamen of Jupiter against his will, assumes a seat in the senate, xxvii. 8. Made curule ædile, he cannot take the requisite oath, xxxi. 50.

——, Tappus, C., plebeian tribune, xxxviii. 36.

——, L., quæstor, accuses Spurius Cassius of treason, ii. 41. Is made consul, 42. Again, 61. Wages war with the Æquans, 62.

————, interrex, v. 17.

————, deputed to carry to Delphi an offering to Apollo, is taken by pirates, and set at liberty, v. 28.

————, master of horse, viii. 18.

——, Poplicola, L., consular tribune, v. 26. A second time, vi. 1. A third time, 5. A fourth, 21. A fifth, 27.

——, Potitus, L., commences an opposition to the decemvirs, iii. 39, 41. With M. Horatius, drives Appius out of the forum, 49. Is deputed by the senate to the commissioners, 53. Made consul, he procures laws in favour of the commissioners, 55. His conduct in war, 60, 61. He triumphs by order of the people, without consent of the senate, 63. Refuses to be continued in office, 64. _See_ iv. 6.

——————, consular tribune, iv. 49. A second time, 58. A third, v. 1. A fourth, 10. A fifth, 14. Consul, he defeats the Æquans, and triumphs, 31.

————, interrex, v. 32. Again, vi. 5.

——, L., pontiff, xxxiii. 44.

——, Flaccus, L., curule ædile, xxxi. 4. Prætor, 49. Consul, xxxiii. 42. Defeats the Boians, xxxiv. 21. Proconsul, he entirely vanquishes the Boians and Insubrians, 46.

——————, with L. Valerius Tappus, commissioners of colonies, xxxvii. 46, 57. Candidate for the consulship, 58.

——————, chosen censor with Cato, in opposition to the nobility, xxxix. 41. Pontiff, dies of the plague, xl. 42.

Valerius Tappus, L., prætor, xxxv. 10. Commissioner of colonies, xxxvii. 46.

——, M., herald, ratifies a treaty in form, i. 24.

——, Man., brother of Poplicola, consul, triumphs over the Sabines, ii. 16. Is slain at Regillus in attempting to kill Tarquinius, 20.

————, not the first dictator, ii. 18.

————, son of Volesus, dictator, ii. 30. Triumphs over the Sabines, and, not being suffered to fulfil the hopes that he had given to the commissioners, abdicates, 31.

————, quæstor, iii. 25. Consul, 31.

————, military tribune, gains the surname of Corvus, from being aided by a crow in a single combat with a Gaul, and is made consul at twenty-three years of age, vii. 26. A second time consul, he triumphs over the Volscians, 27. A third time consul, 28. Is beloved by the soldiers, 33. Triumphs over the Samnites, 38. Dictator, 39. Composes a mutiny of the troops, 40, 41. A fourth time consul, he triumphs over the Ausonians, viii. 16. Interrex, 17, and ix. 7. Dictator a second time, x. 3. Triumphs, 5. Consul a fifth time, 6. A sixth time, 11.

——, Maximus, M., consular tribune, v. 14. Again, 24.

——————, ix. 28. Lieutenant-general, 40. Prætor a fourth time, 41.

——, Poplicola, M., master of horse, vii. 12. Consul, 17. Again, 19.

——, Falto, Man., ambassador to Attalus, xxix. 11. Curule ædile, xxx. 26. Prætor, 40.

——, Lævinus, M., prætor, xxiii. 24, 30, 31, 37. Proprætor, he guards the coast at Brundusium, xxiv. 10. His exploits in Greece during the Macedonian war, 40, and xxvi. 24, 26. He is chosen consul in his absence, 22. Exchanges provinces with Marcellus, 29. Persuades the senators to contribute their gold, silver, and money to the treasury, 36. Drives the Carthaginians quite out of Sicily, 40. Disputes with the senate about the nomination of a dictator, xxvii. 5. Proconsul, he passes from Sicily into Africa, xxviii. 4. Is sent ambassador to Attalus, xxix, 11. Proposes restitution of the money contributed by private citizens, 16. Remarkable funeral games are exhibited in honour of him by his sons, xxxi. 50.

——, Messala, M., admiral, sails to Africa, and ravages the coast, xxvii. 5. Is made prætor, xxxiv. 54. Consul, xxxvii. 47. A second time, xxxviii. 35. Pontiff, xlii. 28.

——, P., son of Volesus, accompanies Collatinus to Lucretia, i. 58. Swears after Brutus, 59. Is made consul in the place of Collitenus, ii. 2. Overcomes the Tarquinii in battle, 6. Is accused of aiming at sovereignty, clears himself, compliments the people, and is surnamed Publicola; is also made consul, 8. A third time, 15. A fourth, he defeats the Sabines, triumphs, and dies so poor, as not to leave sufficient money for his funeral, 16.

Valerius, P., consul, ii. 52.

——, Potitus, P., consular tribune, vi. 6. A second time, 18. A third, 27. A fourth, 32. A fifth, 36. A sixth, 42.

——, Publicola, P., interrex, iii. 8, Consul, 15. Attempts to recover the Capitol from Herdonius, and is slain, 18.

——————, consul, vii. 21. Prætor, 23. Dictator, 28. Master of horse, viii. 17.

——, Flaccus, P., ambassador to Hannibal, xxi, 6. Lieutenant-general under Marcellus, xxiii. 16. Commander of the fleet, 34, 38. _See_ xxvi. 8.

——, T., lieutenant-general, xxiv. 40.

Vatican lands, x. 26.

Veian lands are divided among the commons of Rome, v. 30.

Veians, make incursions on the Roman territories, and are routed by Romulus, i. 15. Again, by Tullus, 27. _See_ 30, 42. They assist Tarquinius, ii. 6. Waste the lands of the Romans, 43. Challenge the Romans to battle, 45. Are defeated, 46, 47. After cutting off the Fabii, 50, are vanquished by the Romans, 51. Are defeated again, 53. They kill the ambassadors sent from Rome, and renew the war with bad success, iv. 17—19. Force the Romans to retire, 31; but are afterwards routed, 33. Obtain a truce of twenty years, 35. Their senate gives a haughty answer to Roman ambassadors, 58; on which the Romans declare war, 60. The Veians elect a king, which disgusts the Etrurians, v. 1.

Veii, is besieged by the Romans, iv. 61. A winter encampment before it, v. 2. Transactions of the siege, 7—21; when it is taken by Camillus after a siege of ten years, 22. A design formed at Rome of removing to Veii causes great commotions, 24, 25, 29; is laid aside, 30. The relics of the fight at Cannæ fly to Veii, 37. Camillus marches thence to recover Rome, 46, 48. The proposal of removing to Veii is renewed, 49, 50; rejected, 55. Such as had gone thither, are recalled, vi. 4. A tenth part of the spoils of Veii vowed to Apollo by Camillus, v. 21. _See_ 23, 25, 28.

Velabrum, a street in Rome, xxvii. 37.

Velia, a city in Lucania, xxvi. 39.

——, a district in Rome, ii. 7.

Velitræ, ii. 30. A colony, 31. Augmented, 34.

Velitrans, revolt, vi. 13, 21. Are subdued, 22, 29. Attack Tusculum, and are invested by the Romans, 36—42. Plunder the Roman territory, vii. 15. Revolt again, viii. 3, 12. Are treated with severity on account of their many revolts, and banished beyond the Tiber, 14.

Veneti, in Italy, descended from the Heneti and Trojans, i. 1. Live round the bottom of the Adriatic Gulf, v. 33; x. 2.

Venus, i. 1. Her temple, near the Circus, built out of fines levied for breach of chastity, x. 31.

——, Cloacina, iii. 48.

——, Erycina, xxii. 9; xxiii. 30, 31; xxx. 38.

Venusians, give a hospitable reception to the fugitives from Cannæ, xxii. 54. Maintain their loyalty to the Romans during a general defection, xxvii. 10.

Veragrians, an Alpine tribe, xxi. 38.

Vercellius, beheaded for promoting a revolt of the Hirpinians, xxiii. 37.

Vergæ, xxx. 19.

Vergiliæ, constellation, xxi. 35.

Vergium, a fort in Spain, a receptacle of robbers, is taken by Cato; the robbers are put to death, and the guilty part of the inhabitants sold, xxxiv. 21.

Vermina, son of Syphax, forces Masinissa to fly, xxix. 33. Brings succours to the Carthaginians, xxx. 36. Sends ambassadors to Rome, xxxi. 11. Submits the conditions of peace to the Romans, 19.

Verona, v. 35.

Verrugo, iv. 1, 55, 56; v. 28.

Verses, Fescennine, vii. 2.

Vertumnus, his statue, xliv. 16.

Verulans, ix. 42. Prefer their own laws to the rights of Roman citizens, 43.

Vescelia, xxxv. 22.

Vescia, viii. 11. Comes into the hands of the Romans, ix. 25.

Vescian people, x. 20.

——, lands, xxi. 31.

Veseris, river, viii. 8; x. 28.

Vesilius, mount, iii. 50.

Vesta, a couch for her at a feast of the gods, xxii. 10. The fatal pledge of the Roman empire is kept in her temple, which is saved by some slaves from being burnt, xxvi. 27. Her fire is extinguished, xxviii. 11.

Vestal, Rhea Sylvia, mother of Romulus, is made one, i. 3, 4.

——, virgins, chosen by Numa, have a stipend appointed, and many privileges are conferred on them, i. 20.

——, virgins, with the sacred stores, are carried to Cære by L. Albinius, v. 40.

Vestal, a, accused, is dismissed, with a charge to be more serious in conversation, and more grave in her dress, iv. 44.

——, convicted of a breach of chastity, is buried alive, viii. 15.

——, who had the charge of the sacred fire, when it was extinguished, is scourged to death, xxviii. 11. Of two vestals found guilty of incontinence, one is buried alive at the Colline gate, the other kills herself, xxii. 57.

Vestia Oppia, a woman of Atellæ, who had offered daily sacrifices for the prosperity of the Romans, is restored to her liberty and property, xxvi. 33, 34.

Vestians, join the Samnites, are routed and dispersed, viii. 29. An alliance is granted on their petition, x. 3.

Vesuvius, mount, viii. 8.

Vettians, a warlike people, adjoining Macedonia, xlv. 30.

Vettones defeated by M. Fulvius, xxxv. 7. A second time, 22.

Veturia, mother of Coriolanus, prevails on him to retire from Rome, ii. 40.

Veturian century, xxvi. 22.

Veturius, C., consul, is charged with misconduct, iii, 31. Is made an augur, 32.

————, consular tribune, vi. 32. Again, 36.

——, L., decemvir, iii. 33.

——, consular tribune, vi. 38.

——, Philo, L., dictator, to hold elections, xxii. 33. Censor, xxvii. 6.

——————, curule ædile, xxvii. 6. Prætor, 7. Proprætor in Gaul, 22. Lieutenant-general, xxviii, 9. Consul, 10. Master of horse, xxix. 11. Is sent home from Africa, and recounts the exploits of Scipio, xxx. 38, 40.

——, M., consular tribune, v. 13.

——, Philo, T., flamen of Mars, xxix. 38.

——, Calvinus, T., consul, viii. 16. Again, ix. 1. Is sent under the yoke of Caudium, 6. Offered as prisoner to the Sabines, 10.

——, Geminus, T., consul, routs and disperses the Volscians, iii. 8. Is honoured with an ovation, 10.

Vetusius, C., consul, ii. 19.

——, T., consul, ii. 28. Marches against the Æquans, 30.

Vibius Accuæus, prefect of a Pelignian cohort, throws the standard into the enemy’s camp, xxv. 14.

——, Virius, one of the Campanian ambassadors to the consul Varro, persuades his countrymen to join the Carthaginians, xxiii. 6. Exhorts the senators to put an end to their lives, xxvi. 13. He and twenty-seven senators swallow poison, 14.

——, a Bruttian of distinction, comes ambassador to Rome with offers of submission, xxvii. 15.

Vibo, xxxi. 3. A colony settled there, xxxv. 40. Its lands, xxi. 51.

Vicæpota, or Victory, her temple, ii. 7.

Vicilinus, Jupiter, xxiv. 44.

Victims of the larger kinds, xxx. 21.

Victory, her temple, built with money accruing from fines, x. 33. Her temple on the Palatine, xxix. 14. A chapel of Virgin Victory, xxxv. 9. A golden image of Victory, weighing three hundred and twenty pounds, sent by Hiero to the Roman senate, xxii. 37. Mount of Victory, xxiv. 41.

Victorius, Q., chief centurion, throws a standard among the enemy, xxxiv. 46.

Victumviæ, sea-port, xxi. 45. Is taken with great slaughter of the inhabitants, 57.

Villa publica, house for lodging ambassadors and strangers of note, built, iv. 22. Repaired, xxxiv. 44.

Villius Tappulus, L., plebeian ædile, xxv. 2.

——————, prætor, xxxi. 49.

——, P., plebeian tribune, iii. 54.

——, Tappulus, P., is raised from the office of plebeian ædile to that of prætor, xxix. 38.

——, P., a commissioner to adjust a dispute between Antiochus and Ptolemy, xxxiii. 39.

Tappulus, P., commissioner of lands for Scipio’s soldiers, xxxi. 4. Consul, 49.

Viminal hill added to Rome, i. 44.

Vindicius, a slave, discovers a conspiracy formed for restoring the Tarquinii, ii. 4. Is rewarded with liberty, and a sum of money, 5.

Virbian hill, i. 48.

Virginia, daughter of Aulius, a patrician, married to Volumnius, a plebeian consul, being excluded from the temple of Patrician Chastity, dedicates a chapel and altar to Plebeian Chastity, x. 23.

——, daughter of Lucius, her unfortunate beauty, lamentable death, and the punishment of her persecutors, iii. 44, 48, 58.

Virginius, A., consul, ii. 28. Routs the Volscians, 30.

————, son of Appius, consul, ii. 63.

——, Rutilus, A., consul, ii. 51.

——, A., commissioner of lands, iii. 1.

————, plebeian tribune, commences a capital prosecution against Cæso Quintius, which causes violent contentions, iii. 11, 13.

——, is brought to trial and fined, for having in his tribuneship favoured the senate, v. 29.

——, L., father of Virginia, chief centurion, iii. 44. His contest with Appius about his daughter, 47. He kills her, 48. Commotions in consequence, 49, 50. He advises the soldiers to elect ten military tribunes, and refuses to be one, 51. Is made plebeian tribune, 54. Prosecutes Appius, 56; and orders him to be imprisoned, 57. Remits the capital punishment of Claudius, who had claimed Virginia, 58.

——, consul, iv. 21, Again, 23.

——, consular tribune, out of enmity neglects assisting his colleague Servius, v. 8. Both are compelled to resign the office, 9. He is brought to trial by a plebeian tribune, and fined, 11, 12.

Virginius, L., consular tribune, vi. 1.

——, Opiter, consul, with his colleague, takes Pometia, and triumphs, ii. 17.

————, consul, ii. 54.

——, Proculus, consul, maintains a contest with his colleague about the Agrarian law, ii. 41.

——, Sp., consul, iii. 31.

——, T., consul, ii. 21, 48.

——, Rutilus, T., augur, iii. 7.

——, Cœlimontanus, T., consul, iii. 65.

Virtue, her temple vowed by Marcellus, xxvii. 25. Dedicated by his son, xxix. 11.

Visceratio, distribution of flesh, viii. 22.

Vitellia, taken by Coriolanus, ii. 39. A Roman colony taken by the Æquans, v. 29.

Vitellii, brothers, conspirators in favour of the Tarquinii, ii. 4.

Vitruvius Vaccus, of Fundæ, general of the Privernians, viii. 19. Is scourged, and put to death by the Romans, his house razed, and his property confiscated to Semo Sanchus, 20. The site of his house on the Palatine is called Vacciprata.

Vocontians, xxi. 31.

Volæ, or Bolæ, belonging to the Æquans, iv. 49, 51; vi. 2.

Volatenæ, x. 12. The inhabitants promise Scipio rigging for his ships, and corn, xxviii. 45.

Volcans oppose Hannibal’s passing of the Rhone, xxi. 26.

Volero, _see_ Publilius. The tribunes called Voleros by Appius Claudius, ii. 58.

Volones, slaves enlisted in the armies, xxii. 57; xxiii. 32; xxiv. 11. Gracchus promises them liberty, on condition of their bringing the heads of the enemies, xxiv. 14. They are set free, 15. Gracchus orders their public feast, at Beneventum, to be represented in painting; hangs up the picture in the temple of Liberty, 16; xxv. 20; xxvii. 38; xxviii. 46.

Volscians, are attacked by Tarquinius Superbus, i. 53. Corn is purchased from them, ii. 9. They prepare to assist the Latins, but give hostages, yet secretly prepare for war, 22; and march to attack Rome, 24. Are defeated, 25. Renew the war, and are conquered, 30. Deprived of part of their lands, 31. Again defeated, 33. Are ordered to quit Rome, 37. At the instigation of Attius Tullus they take arms against the Romans, 39. Are led to Rome by Coriolanus, 40. Are conquered, and treated with the harshest severity, 53. A truce of forty years is granted to them, 54. They renew hostilities, 58. Defeat the Romans, 59. Attack their camp, and are severely beaten, 64, 65. They invade the Roman territory, are utterly routed, and the nation is almost extirpated, iii. 7, 8. They renew the war in conjunction with the Æquans, 10. Are vanquished, 12, 60. They lay siege to Ardea, and are surrounded by the Romans, iv. 9. Beaten, and sent under the yoke, 10. They again join the Æquans against the Romans, 26. Attack the consul’s camp, 27. Their own camp is taken, and all the prisoners, except senators, are sold as slaves, 29. Again they renew hostilities, 37, 55, 56. Suffer a defeat, 57. Take Venugo, 58. Are again worsted in battle, 61. They besiege Anxur, v. 16. Obtain peace, 23. Break the peace, and are reduced to submission by Camillus, vi. 2. Meet the same fate in two subsequent efforts, 6, 8, 11, 13. Join the Prænestines, and take Satricum, 22. Suffer several discomfitures 23, 32; vii. 17; viii. 1. They desert Hannibal, and submit to the Romans xxvii. 15.

Volscians and Æquans, so often conquered, still found recruits for their armies; this is accounted for, vi. 12.

——, people in Spain, their much approved answer to the Roman ambassadors, xxi. 19.

Volscius Fictor, M., appears as a witness against Cæso Quintius, iii. 13. Is prosecuted for false evidence by the quæstors, 24. Condemned and banished, 29.

Volsinians, make inroads on the Roman territory, v. 31. Are defeated, and obtain a truce of twenty years, 32. They use nails, fixed in the temple of the goddess Nortia, as a registry of the years, vii. 3. They suffer several defeats, ix. 41; x. 37.

Voltumna, goddess, her temple, iv. 23; v. 17. A general assembly of Etruria is summoned thither, iv. 23, 25; v. 17. A conspiracy against the Romans is formed there, vi. 2.

Volumnia, wife of Coriolanus, ii. 40.

Volumnius, L., consul, gets the better of the Sallentines, ix. 42. A second time consul, x. 15. He leaves his own province to succour Appius Claudius, and, after some altercation, they gain a glorious victory, 18, 19. He surprises the Samnites who had plundered Campania, 20, 21. Shows remarkable moderation and prudence at the elections, 21. Is continued in command, 22; and acts with success in Samnium, 30, 31.

——, P., consul, iii. 10. Ambassador to the Æquans, he is insulted by their leader, Gracchus Clœlius, 25.

Voluntary contribution to the treasury by the senators, xxvi. 36.

Volunteer soldiers, v. 16; xxvii. 46; xxviii. 45; xxix. 1, &c.

Volustana, summit of the Cambunian mountains, xliv. 2.

Vulcan, the arms and spoils of the enemy dedicated to him, and burned, i. 37; viii. 10. His temple in the field of Mars, xxiv. 10. Arms of the Carthaginians, offered to him by Scipio, xxx. 6. Court of his temple, ix. 46; xxxix. 46; xl. 19.

Vulcan’s islands, xxi. 49, 51.

Vulturnus, river, viii. 11; x. 20, 31; xxii. 14; xxiii. 14, 19. Fort at its mouth, afterwards a city, xxv. 20, 22.

——, a city of the Etrurians, seized by the Samnites, and called Capua, iv. 57.

——, wind blows dust into the eyes of the Romans at Cannæ, xxii. 46.

Walls built round Rome, i. 6, 33, 36, 44; vi. 32.

War, the mode of declaring it, i. 32.

Watches, the night divided into four, the first, v. 44. Second, vii. 35. Third, ix. 44. Fourth, ix. 37.

——, mounted, by senators, iii. 6.

——, posted in all the streets of Rome, x. 4.

Water brought into the city, ix. 29.

Waters of Cumæ, medicinal, xli. 16. Those of Sinuessa much celebrated, xxii. 13.

Wicked street, i. 48.

——, field, viii. 15.

Widows, their taxes assigned to the maintenance of horses for the knights, i. 43. Their money lent to the public, xxiv. 18.

Wine for sacrifices supplied by the public, x. 23.

——, allured the Gauls into Italy, v. 33.

Winter campaign at Veii, v. 2.

——, uncommonly severe, v. 13.

Wolf, said to have suckled Romulus and Remus, i. 4. Images of the wolf and infants, x. 23.

——, sacred to Mars, x. 27.

Wood, the Arsian, ii. 7.

——, Ciminian, ix. 36.

——, Mæsian, i. 33.

——, Malitions, i. 30.

——, Litana, xxiii. 24.

Writers quoted by Livy: Acilius’s Annals, xxv. 39. Cincius, vii. 3. Claudius Quadrigarius, viii. 19. Clodius Licinius, xxix. 22. Licinius Macer, iv. 7. Piso, i. 55. Silenus, xxvi. 49. Tubero, iv. 23. Valerius Antias, iii. 5. Linen books, iv. 7. Books of the magistrates, iv. 20. Commentaries of the pontiffs, vi. 1. _See_ iv. 3.

Xanthippus, Lacedæmonian general, xxviii. 43.

Xenarchus, prætor of the Achæans, wishes to ingratiate himself with Perseus, xli. 23.

Xenoclides, governor of Chalcis, disappoints an attempt of Thoas and the Ætolians, xxxv. 38. Reinforces the garrison of Chalcis, 50.

Xenophanes, head of an embassy from Philip to Hannibal, is taken by a party of Romans, and escapes through an artful fiction, xxiii. 3. Is taken again, and conveyed to Rome, xxxiv. 38.

Xenophon, Achæan chief, accompanies Quintius at a conference with Philip, xxxii. 33.

Xychus, accomplice of Perseus in compassing the ruin of Demetrius, forges letters under the signature of Flamininus, xl. 55.

Xyniæ, xxxii. 13; xxxiii. 3.

Year is divided by Numa into twelve lunar months, i. 19.

Years reckoned among the Volsinians by nails fixed in the wall of a temple, vii. 3.

Yoke, military, iii. 28. A Roman army sent under it, ix. 5. A Samnite army, 15. _See_ x. 36.

Youth, a goddess, v. 54. A feast of the gods in honour of her, xxi. 62.

Zacynthus, island, xxi. 7. Is taken by Lævinus, xxvi. 24. Is given up to the Romans, xxxvi. 32.

Zama, five days’ journey from Carthage; here Scipio defeated Hannibal, xxx. 29.

——, or Same, island, xxxii. 16.

Zelasium, promontory, xxxi. 46.

Zeno supplicates T. Quintius in favour of his countrymen the Magnetians, xxxv. 31.

——, is made governor of Apamea by Antiochus, xxxvii. 44.

——, Macedonian, governor of Theium, xxxviii. 1.

Zeuxides, prætor of Acarnania, is deposed for favouring the Romans, xxxiii. 16.

Zeuxis, ambassador from Antiochus to Scipio, xxxvii. 45.

Zoippus, son-in-law of Hiero, guardian of Hieronymus, xxiv. 4, 5. Being sent ambassador to Egypt, he remains in voluntary exile, and his wife and daughters are murdered by the Syracusans, 26.

Zybœa holds part of Bithynia in opposition to Nicomedes, and is conquered by the aid of the Gauls, xxxviii. 16.

FOOTNOTES:

[1] 193,750_l._

[2] 12_l._ 18_s._ 4_d._

[3] Called Galli, and Corybantes.

[4] Silver shield-bearers.

[5] The difficulty, which Scheffer, Crevier, and Drakenborch apparently had, in interpreting this passage with the reading (decem cubita), seems to me to have arisen principally from their misinterpretation of the word cuspis; which in the classics is no where used as the edge of a cutting, but the point of a piercing instrument—differt a mucrone, quæ est acies gladii.—Facciolati. That the cuspides, here spoken of, must have been piercing, not cutting instruments, is likewise proved from the meaning of the word “transfigerent,” which is never used in reference to a cutting instrument. Taking it for granted, then, that the “cuspitibus decem cubita” were spears ten feet long, fastened to the pole and extended from the yoke, I can easily understand how they, being so long, were likely to clear the way far in front of the horses, while the “falces” on either side were intended to cut down those that escaped the cuspides; and this being the case, I see no necessity for Scheffer’s reading, “cubito,” which Crevier also seems to favour, and Drakenborch’s “duo” for “decem;” both of which seem to have been adopted, owing to the seeming improbability of cutting weapons so long, and proportionably heavy, being attached to the poles of chariots.

[6] About 2,900,000_l._

[7] 14,596_l._ 16_s._ 8_d._

[8] 4270_l._ 19_s._ 9_d._

[9] A coin so called, from its bearing the image of a priest carrying in a box (cistus) the consecrated things, used in the mysteries of Ceres, and of other deities. Its value, 7-1/2_d._, was equal to four drachmas.

[10] 322_l._ 18_s._ 4_d._

[11] 4482_l._ 1_s._ 8_d._

[12] About 2260_l._

[13] 28,984_l._ 6_s._ 8_d._

[14] 5699_l._ 8_s._ 5_d._

[15] 77,629_l._ 3_s._ 4_d._

[16] 16_s._ 1-1/2_d._

[17] 193,750_l._

[18] About 96,000_l._

[19] Holy Town.

[20] The Gordian wall.

[21] 4843_l._ 15_s._

[22] 4813_l._ 15_s._

[23] 96,875_l._

[24] 19,375_l._

[25] 7_l._ 10_s._

[26] The wood town.

[27] The town of Acaris.

[28] 38,750_l._

[29] Woodless.

[30] This does not prove that he was in the office of consul at the time of his making it; for it was usual to mention, in such inscriptions, the highest office that the person had ever held.

[31] 484,275_l._

[32] 2,235,000_l._

[33] 67,812_l._

[34] 24,609_l._

[35] Black.

[36] The name of Diana in the Thracian language.

[37] 3,229_l._ 13_s._ 4_d._

[38] 193,750_l._

[39] 1,614,583_l._ 6_s._ 8_d._

[40] 645_l._ 17_s._ 2_d._

[41] 2 15,241_l._ 12_s._ 4_d._

[42] 801_l._ 3_s._ 3_d._

[43] 16_s._ 1-1/4_d._

[44] 16,404_l._ 3_s._ 4_d._

[45] 4309_l._ 14_s._ 9_d._

[46] 1054_l._

[47] 1_l._ 6_s._ 3_d._

[48] 6_s._ 5_d._

[49] 3_l._ 4_s._ 7_d._

[50] 322_l._ 18_s._ 4_d._

[51] Those to whom the censor assigned a horse, were bound to serve. But as liberty was granted to Æbutius to serve or not, as he chose, it became necessary that the censor should be thus restrained, by a vote of the senate, from assigning him a horse; otherwise, if one had been assigned him, whether willing or not, he must have served.

[52] Games in honour of the infernal deities, instituted in the reign of Tarquin the Proud, on occasion of a malignant disorder that had attacked pregnant women. Black bulls were sacrificed, whence the name.

[53] 48_l._ 8_s._ 9_d._

[54] 32_l._ 5_s._ 10_d._

[55] 1_s._ 11-1/4_d._

[56] 3_l._ 4_s._ 9_d._

[57] 19_s._ 4_d._

[58] 1210_l._ 19_s._ 9_d._

[59] As there were six tribunes in each legion, they took the command of it in turn, each holding it for two months.

[60] 592_l._ 17_s._ 4_d._

[61] 19,375_l._

[62] In consequence of which regulation, all those of each tribe, who were of the same rank and occupation, voted together.

[63] 64_l._ 11_s._ 4_d._

[64] Neptune, Thetis, and Glaucus.

[65] Here are given, in the original, some lines, as the inscription; but so corrupted and so defective, as to be utterly unintelligible. Gronovius endeavours in vain, to explain them; Crevier gives the matter up.

[66] They called him also Euergetes, and Soter.

[67] The eleventh of March.

[68] This book is very imperfect; a great part of the beginning of it is lost; and there are, besides, considerable chasms in other parts of it. The supplemental passages which the translator has introduced, to complete the connexion, are taken from Crevier. They are printed in a different character.

[69] 15_s._ 7-1/2_d._

[70] 9593_l._ 15_s._

[71] 1339_l._ 1_s._ 10-1/2_d._

[72] 9_s._ 4-1/2_d._

[73] 5th May.

[74] 3rd August.

[75] 11th August.

[76] 5th August.

[77] Letum, the name of the place, in the Latin language, signifies death.

[78] So in the original; the name of the person who was chosen in the room of Cæpio being lost.

[79] 7th of June.

[80] 885_l._ 8_s._ 4_d._

[81] 322_l._ 18_s._ 4_d._

[82] 6_l._ 9_s._ 2_d._

[83] 38,750_l._

[84] 419_l._ 15_s._ 10_d._

[85] 3,229_l._ 3_s._ 4_d._

[86] 6_l._ 9_s._ 2_d._

[87] 3029_l._ 1_s._ 4_d._

[88] The words in Italics are introduced conjecturally, to supply chasms in the original.

[89] 6_l._ 9_s._ 2_d._

[90] 58,125_l._

[91] 193,750_l._

[92] 290,625_l._

[93] The passages in Italics are only conjectural, and introduced to supply an hiatus in the original.

[94] This passage is supplied conjecturally.

[95] The whole of the foregoing passage is supplied conjecturally.

[96] The above has been introduced to supply the place of a passage which has been lost from the original text.

[97] 9687_l._ 10_s._

[98] 387,480_l._

[99] 8072_l._ 18_s._ 4_d._

[100] 242_l._ 4_s._ 3_d._

[101] 12_l._ 18_s._ 4_d._

[102] The conclusion of this speech is lost. The effect of it was, that the order for the triumph of Lucius Paullus passed unanimously. The beginning of the account of the procession is also lost. As we have adopted Twiss’s text in our translation, we give here the continuation of the history, which has been derived chiefly from Plutarch.

[103] 968,750_l._

[104] 3_l._ 4_s._ 7_d._

[105] 2_l._ 8_s._ 5_d._

[106] 6_l._ 9_s._ 2_d._

[107] 96_l._ 17_s._ 6_d._

[108] 3874_l._

[109] 1_l._ 9_s._ 1_d._

[110] 161,458_l._ 6_s._ 8_d._

[111] Worth a little more than 2_d._

JOHN CHILDS AND SON, BUNGAY.

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