CHAPTER I.

[1] Tibullus was, however, a Roman knight.

[2] O. ii. 7, 10. _Tecum Philippos et celerem fugam Sensi relicta non bene parmula._

[3] G. ii. 486. _Flumina amem silvasque inglorius._

[4] i. 57. _Non ego laudari curo mea Delia: tecum Dummodo sim, quaeso, segnis inersque vocer._

[5] Pr. i. 6,29. _Non ego sum laudi, non natus idoneus armis._

[6] The lack of patrons becomes a standing apology in later times for the poverty of literary production.

[7] Pollio, however, stands on a somewhat different footing. In his cultivation of rhetoric he must be classed with the imperial writers.

[8] Dis te minorem quod geris imperas, 0. iii. 6, 5.

[9] Cicero was Augur. Admission to this office was one of the great objects of his ambition.

[10] Od. iii. 24, 33.

[11] C. S. 57; O. iv. 5, 21.

[12] Ecl. i. 7.

[13] Ep. ii. 1, 16.

[14] Prop. iii. 4, 1; Ovid Tr. iii. 1, 78.

[15] This subject is discussed in an essay by Gaston Boissier in the first volume of _La Religion romaine d'Auguste aux Antonins._

[16] _Tac. Ann_. i. 2, Ubi militem donis, populum annona, cunctos dulcedine otii pellexit, insurgere paulatim, munia senatus magistratuum legum in se trahere, nullo adversante, cum ferocissimi per acies aut proscriptione cecidissent, ceteri nobilium, quanto quis servitio promptior, opibus et honoribus extollerentur, ac novis ex rebus aucti tuta et praesentia quam vetera et periculosa mallent.

[17] Cum divus Augustus sicut caetera eloquentiam pacaverat.--_De Causs. Corr. Eloq._

[18] Pompon Dig. I. 2. 2.47 (quoted by Teuffel). Primus Divus Augustus, _ut maior iuris auctoritas haberetur_, constituit ut ex auctoritate eius responderent.

[19] _Odi profanum vulgus et arceo_ (Hor. Od. iii. 1, 1), _Parca dedit malignum spernere vulgus_ (id. ii. 16, 39), _satis est equitem mihi plaudere_ (Sat. I. x. 77), and often. So Ovid, Fast. I. _exordium_.

[20] See the pleasing description in the ninth Satire of Horace's first book.

[21] Suet. Aug. 84. Tac. An. xiii. 3.

[22] _Tuque pedestribus Dices historiis praelia Caesaris Maecenas melius ductaque per vias Regum colla minacium_ (Od. ii. 12, 9).

[23] Ep. 101, 11. I quote it to show what his sentiments were on a point that touched a Roman nearly, the fear of death: _Debilem facito manu debilem pede coxa: Tuber astrue gibberum, lubricos quate dentes: Vita dum superest, bene est: hanc mihi vel acuta Si sedeam cruce sustine._

[24] He was so when Horace wrote his first book of Satires (x. 51). _Forte epos acer lit nemo Varius ducit_.

[25] Often quoted as the poem _de Morte_.

[26] Sat. vi. 2.

[27] Ecl. viii. 5, 88, _procumbit in ulva Perdita, nec serae_, &c. Observe how Virgil improves while he borrows.

[28] Aen. vi. 621, 2.

[29] Od. i. 61.

[30] So says the Schol. on Hor. Ep. I. xvi. 25.

[31] X. i. 98

[32] X. 3. 8.

[33] Ec. ix. 35.

[34] Virg. Ec. iii. 90; Hor. Epod. x.

[35] "_Cinna procacior_," Ov. Trist. ii. 435.

[36] _Saepe suas volucres legit mihi grandior aevo, Quaeque necet serpens, quae iuvet herba Macer._ Trist. iv. 10, 43. Quint. (x. 1, 87) calls him _humilis_.