Chapter 96

[1] The reader is referred to Champagny, _Les Césars_, vols. iii. and iv; Martha, _Les Moralistes romaines_; Gaston Boissier, _Les Antonins_; Charpentier, _Ecrivains latins sous l'Empire_.

[2] The declaimers of _Suaseriae_ in praise of the heroes of old were contemptuously styled _Marathonouachos_.

[3] Delivered by Fronto.

[4] One, irritated that the Emperor Antoninus did not bow to him in the theatre, called out, "Caesar! do you not see me?"

[5] Inst. Div. iii. 23.

[6] Dio. xvii. p. 464.

[7] Id. xii. p. 397.

[8] Epictetus (Dissert. iii. 26) uses the very word--_theoi diakonoi ko martyres_. Christianity hallowed this term, as it did so many others.

[9] See Juvenal: Gallia causidicos docuit facunda Britannos De conducende loquitur iam rhetore Thule, xv. 1112.

[10] Dissert. i. 9.

[11] Tac. Hist. iii. 81.

[12] Plut. _De Defect. Orac._ p. 410.

[13] Vit. Apol. iv. 40.

[14] Jampridem Syrus in Tiberim defluxit Orontes, Juv. iii. 52.

[15] Decernat quodcunque volet de corpore nostro Isis, Id. xiii. 93.

[16] Herm. 24.

[17] De deo Socr. 3.

[18] _E.g._ Those of Greece are cheerful for the most part, those of Egypt gloomy.

[19] He was an African, it will be remembered.

APPENDICES

[1] From the _Römische Zeittafeln_ of Dr E. W. Fischer, and from Clinton, _Fasti Hellenici_ and _Romani_. Only those dates which are tolerably certain are given.

[2] Clinton places his birth in 193; but see Teuff. § 97, 6.

[3] Others place this event in 109 B.C.

[4] Others place this event in 55 B.C.

[5] Or, perhaps, in 24 B.C.

[6] Jerome places it in 13 A.D.

[7] The most convenient and accessible are here recommended, not the most complete or exhaustive. For these the reader is referred to Teuffel's work, from which several of those here mentioned are taken.

[8] Some of these questions are taken from University Examinations, some also from Mr. Gantillon's Classical Examination Papers.