PART II.

BIOGRAPHICAL

LEWIS D. ADAMS was born at Sussex, New Jersey, June 15, 1839. Mr. Adams' early education was limited, but he attended the district school at Florida, and Middletown, N. Y., for a short period. He worked on the farm for his father until he was eighteen years old. He then took up the tinner's trade and worked at that business until 1862, when he enlisted in the 124th Regiment, Co. F, New York Volunteer Infantry, and served as one of the color guards six months and as left general guide two and one-half years. When the war was over he resumed his business at Warwick. Six years later he came to Florida, this county, and purchased the hardware store which he continued to operate until he retired in 1898. Mr. Adams married Miss Marietta Ackerman, of Warwick, September 28, 1870. In politics he is a republican, and served the town as collector one year. Mr. Adams wife died December 24, 1900. Our subject is an honorary member of Warwick Lodge No. 544, F. & A. M.; Cummings Post, G. A. R., and is an honorary member of Highland Fire and Hose Company, which he organized in the '70s.

THOMAS J. ADERTON, merchant, postmaster, and farmer at Savilton, in the town of Newburgh, was born at the homestead in 1847. His grandfather, Thomas Aderton, a seafaring man, settled here from New York City in 1828. Our subject is a son of Captain John L. and Isabella (Swain) Aderton, who engaged in farming here, after following the sea ten years. Thomas J. was educated at the district schools and Monticello Academy. In 1891 he purchased his store and was appointed postmaster. Mr. Aderton has served as town clerk nine years, and excise commissioner twelve years. He married Mary Lockwood and two children have been born to them. One son, A. L. Aderton, is general delivery clerk in the Newburgh post-office.

JOSEPH H. ADOLPH, who has been engaged in the meat business at Highland Falls since 1886, is numbered among the representative and progressive citizens of that village, where he was born in 1857. His opportunities for schooling were limited, and at the age of eleven years he entered the employ of a grocer, with whom he remained ten years. He then Spent two years in Milwaukee and six years in Connecticut, when he returned to his native village and engaged in business for himself, in which he has been unusually successful. Socially Mr. Adolph is a member of the Knights of Columbus and the Holy Name Society. In 1885 he married Miss Mary Campion, of Hartford, Conn. They have three children, two sons and one daughter.

GEO. B. ALEXANDER is the son of Harvey and Amanda (Kernaghan) Alexander, and was born in the village of Cornwall, Orange County, N. Y., November 5, 1843. His parents removed to Little Britain in the spring of 1844. At an early age he learned the carpenter's trade, with his father, living at home until the fall of 1886, when he went to California, where he was employed on the Raymond Hotel, which was then in course of erection at Pasadena. On his return home he took up his trade and again visited California in 1891. On his return home he was appointed under sheriff of Orange County, having charge of the Newburgh Court House. His brother, Joseph K. Alexander was sheriff at that time. In 1895 he married Elvira S. Scott, daughter of William J. and Maria (Newkirk) Scott, and niece of David A. Scott. Their son, Harvey, now ten years old, resides at home. Mr. Alexander is a member of Hudson River Lodge No. 607, F. and A. M., of Newburgh, N. Y. In the spring of 1895 he moved to Campbell Hall, where he is associated with his brother, Joseph K. Alexander, in a general store. He was supervisor of the town of Hamptonburgh for two terms, having previously served three terms as town clerk. He is postmaster of Campbell Hall, which office he has held for ten years.

SAMUEL ANDREWS, who has been general superintendent of the Walden Knife Works for twenty-five years and secretary of the company since 1904, was born in England in 1858, a son of William and Sarah (Harrison) Andrews. He came to America with his parents in infancy and in 1872 entered the employ of the Walden Knife Company to learn the cutlery trade. In 1881 he became a director of the company and has been closely identified with the growth and progress of that important industry. Mr. Andrews is a director of the Wallkill Valley Cemetery Association and a member of the Order of Foresters. He has been twice married; his first wife was Miss Clara Ashbury. Two daughters, Ethel and Alice, were born to them. For his second wife Mr. Andrews chose Miss Alfa Mussey.

WALTER CASE ANTHONY, attorney, of Newburgh, was born in Fishkill, N. Y., August 24, 1842. A son of Theodore Van Wyck and Mary H. (Case) Anthony. He was educated at Fishkill Academy and Union College, where he graduated with the degree of A.B. in 1864. He read law at Goshen, N. Y., in the office of David F. Gedney, and later with Stephen W. Fullerton, and was admitted to the bar in 1865.

Mr. Anthony was elected district attorney in 1877, and re-elected in 1880. In 1898 he was appointed referee in bankruptcy for Orange County. Mr. Anthony is a director and counsel of the Columbus Trust Co. of Newburgh. He is vice-president of the Historical Society of Newburgh Bay and the Highlands.

CHARLES W. ARKILLS was born in Fallsburgh, Sullivan County, October 4, 1867. He was educated in the District School and Liberty Academy. At an early age he learned the trade of decorator and painter, and became so proficient that he was foreman for the Ontario & Western Railroad in Newburgh three years, and afterward assistant foreman in the Kilmes Wire Works at Newburgh. He is a democrat, and has several times been chosen a delegate to democratic county conventions. He married Julietta Rose, of Grahamsville, Sullivan County, June 20, 1888, and their children are Laura, Lelia, Sadie L., Viola K., and John I. C. He is a member of the Reformed Dutch Church at Grahamsville, and was superintendent of its Sunday-school for four years. His home is now on a farm near Campbell Hall, with his father. The latter, Darwin Arkills, was born in Scotchtown, Orange County, and married Minerva Gray, of Thompsonville. Their children's names are Laura N., Fred J., and Charles W.

SAMUEL ARMSTRONG was born at Thompson's Ridge, Orange County, N.Y., May 14, 1878. After his district schooling at Thompson's Ridge and Pine Bush he attended the preparatory school of the Misses Porter at Middletown and the Albany College of Pharmacy, from which he graduated in 1902. He removed to Warwick and clerked for S. S. Van Saun, after which he purchased the Warwick Drug Store, which he now owns. He has been deputy town clerk about three years, and is a member of the following societies: Warwick Lodge No. 544, F. & A. M.; Highland Chapter No. 240, R. A. M., and Cypress Commandery No. 67 of Middletown. He married Emma Faith McNeal, of Montgomery, Orange County. His father and mother were natives of the town of Crawford, Orange County, N. Y. His mother's maiden name was Elizabeth J. Shafer. The father was a practical farmer, fond of his home, and devoted to the interests of his church and the republican party.

DR. MAURICE CAVILEER ASHLEY, the present superintendent of the Middletown State Homeopathic Hospital, has occupied that position since July, 1902, succeeding Dr. Selden H. Talcott, who died June 15, 1902.

Dr. Ashley was born in Port Republic, New Jersey, July 3, 1863. He received his education in the public schools of that town, and in 1884 began his work with the insane, by taking a position as attendant in the asylum in Trenton, N. J., where he remained for two years, then came to Middletown State Homeopathic Hospital in the same capacity. In a year's time he was appointed as assistant supervisor in the Middletown State Homeopathic Hospital, and later was promoted to the position of pharmacist.

In 1889 he entered the Hahnemann Medical College of Philadelphia, and graduated in April, 1892. In August, 1892, he was appointed junior assistant physician in the Middletown State Homeopathic Hospital.

His course has steadily advanced since that time: Third assistant physician, 1895; second assistant physician, May, 1898; first assistant physician, April, 1900; acting superintendent, June 15, 1902, and superintendent since July, 1902, when he received the appointment to the position left vacant by his predecessor's death.

Dr. Ashley was married August 30, 1888, to Miss Harriet Meade, of Johnson, Orange County, N. Y. He has two daughters in their early 'teens.

Dr. Ashley was a member of the National Guard, serving in the medical department for nearly twenty years. He resigned his position as captain and assistant surgeon of the 1st New York Regiment in 1907, receiving full and honorable discharge.

In May, 1898, Dr. Ashley, then second assistant physician in the Middletown State Homeopathic Hospital, was granted a leave of absence by the Civil Service Commission' and Superintendent Talcott, and was commissioned by Governor Frank S. Black as captain and assistant surgeon of the 1st New York Volunteer Infantry, and accompanied the regiment to Hawaii.

He is a member of the American Institute of Homeopathy, of the American Medico-Psychological Association, and the New York Psychiatric Society, of the Hoffman Lodge No. 412, Midland Chapter No. 240, Cyprus Commandery No. 67, and Mecca Temple, New York City, the University Club of Middletown, and various other medical and social organizations. He has contributed many medical papers from time to time to the various medical publications.

CHARLES P. AU, son of the late Charles and Ellen (McGrisken) Au, was born in 1877 on the farm of J. Pierpont Morgan in the town of Highland, where his father was engaged as a carpenter. After finishing his schooling he learned the barber's trade, in which business he has met with much success. In 1898 he received the appointment as barber in the United States Cadet Barracks at West Point and has retained the position continuously to the present time. He also conducted a shop at Highland Falls for a period of five years. Mr. Au is active in the support of the republican party. In 1906 he was nominated for supervisor and in an unusual election was defeated by the close margin of twenty-four votes. Mr. Au is a member of the Knights of Columbus and the A. O. H. He married Miss Katherine Powers and they are the parents of two boys and one girl.

CLARENCE AYRES was born in the town and village of Mount Hope, November 27, 1875, and was educated in the district school and public school of Middletown, where his parents moved when he was nine years old. He learned the printer's trade, at which he worked three years. When he was seventeen he became lineman in telephone construction, and worked at it in Middletown six years and in Newburgh two years. In 1904 he went to Warwick, became connected with the Warwick Valley Telephone Company, and is now manager of general construction in the mechanical department. He married Anna Collonton, of Goshen, and they have one child, Francis, born in December, 1889. Mr. Ayres is a member of the Congregational Church, and adheres to the democratic party. His father was a sailor on a whaling vessel eight years, and circumnavigated the earth four times. He also served as sailor during the civil war.

FRED BAILEY, a merchant of Otisville, N. Y., was born June 4, 1854. His early education was acquired at Ellicottville, Cattaraugus County, N. Y., at the district school. He was identified with the American Express Company at Ellicottville for a period of nine years. In December, 1892, he came to Orange County and located at Otisville. Removing to Newburgh in 1894, he was engaged in the wholesale grocery business for one year, after which he returned to Otisville and purchased the grocery store of A. J. Craig, which he conducted eight years. He then conducted a store in partnership with George Smith until the fall of 1906, when he purchased Mr. Smith's interest in the store and real estate, and has since conducted it alone.

Mr. Bailey was united in marriage, September 4, 1876, to Miss Chloe Mary Vaughan, of Ellicottville, N. Y. One child died in infancy. Mr. and Mrs. Bailey are members of the Otisville Presbyterian Church. In politics he is a republican. Mr. Bailey was for five years a member of the Tenth Separate Company, National Guard, State of New York.

THE BAIRD FAMILY--Among the earliest settlers of the town of Warwick there came Francis Baird, prior to 1766. He was of Scotch or Scotch-Irish ancestry, and according to a tradition of the family he, or his father before him, sailed from Bally Castle, County Antrim, in the north of Ireland. This was a shipping port in that early date, and is just across from Scotland. A recent writer has said: "Francis Baird (never Beard) may have been Irish by nativity, but not by ancestry. The Bairds of Avondale were an ancient and powerful Berg Scots clan, and as long ago as the wild days of the struggles between Robert Bruce and John Baliol for the Scottish crown (1309), gave brave account of themselves on the side of the Lord of Lome against the finally victorious Bruce. The name, originally (Norman-French) Bayard, was shortened into Baird by neighbors after the family passed into Scotland from France at a very early date. Francis was an offshoot and clansman of this stock."

He built the stone house on Main street in 1766.

Mr. Baird was a man of intelligence and comparative wealth. He was a signer of the non-importation pledge of 1775, and lived and died in Warwick in warm esteem.

He died in the latter part of 1799 or the first part of 1800, and left a will disposing of his property. His children were William Eagles, Samuel, John, Abia Francis, Anna and Margaret (wife of Joseph Walling).

The last named are the ancestors of the Walling family in this town.

William Eagles Baird married Sarah De Kay, a daughter of Thomas De Kay, and from this marriage were the following: Nathaniel Wheeler, Abia Francis, Fanny (married Blain), Mary (or Polly, married Thomas Hathorn Burt), Jane, Sally (married Nathaniel Pelton), Christine (married David Barclay).

The descendants of Nathaniel Wheeler Baird, who married Abigail Denton, reside principally in this town. They are: John Baird (married Mary De Kay), Julia (married Thomas E. De Kay), Samuel Denton (married Sarah Parks), Mary (married Ogden Howell), Frances Amelia (married George W. Sanford, 1847), Sarah (married Thomas J. Taylor), William Henry (married Mary ____), Charles Roe (married Anna M. Jayne).

In 1819, William Eagles Baird, oldest son of Francis, built the stone house between Warwick and New Milford, which is still in excellent preservation and is owned by a descendant, William Parks Baird, a son of Samuel Denton Baird, deceased, who resides there with his mother, Sarah. The other descendants of Samuel D., who were also born here, are Samuel D., Jr., Nathaniel Wheeler, Susan (married Pierre Demerest), Fred J. and George M.

FRED BAKER, who since 1883 has been manager of the Newburgh branch of Swift & Company, is one of Orange County's popular citizens. He was born in Germany in 1834, and came to America in 1853. He was engaged for many years with his father in the conduct of a slaughter house on the Plank road, and since his connection with Swift & Company has built up an extensive trade in Newburgh and vicinity. Fred, his eldest son, conducts a farm at Marlboro. His son William conducts a meat market at 52 Water street, and another at 127 Smith street, Newburgh, and John J. has a meat market on South Street. Mr. Baker is prominent in Masonic circles, a member of Hudson River Lodge, the Chapter, Commandery and Shrine.

GEORGE W. BALL was born May 13, 1868, in Monroe, Orange County. He was educated in the public school and Chester Academy. Then he was clerk for David Roe at Bellvale, N. Y., and for Frank Hall, of Greenwood Lake. In 1888 he became station agent at Allamuchy, N. J., and Buttsville, N. J., for the Lehigh & Hudson Railroad, and was transferred to Greycourt, N. Y. In 1891 he became clerk in the Erie Railroad office at Bergen, N. J., and went from there back to Greycourt to be station agent for the Erie. He left the employment of this road July 15, 1904, and started a real estate and insurance business at Chester. He also started and still publishes a weekly paper, the _Independent._

Mr. Ball has been village trustee four years, justice of the peace four years, and village clerk two years. He has been a member of the Chester Band twenty years, and is at present its leader. He was chief of the Chester fire department from 1894 to 1896. He is a charter member of the Chester K. of P. Lodge No. 363, and a member of the Standard Lodge No. 711, F. & A. M. His wife was Anna M. Smith, and a daughter of the late C. P. Smith, of Chester. Their children are Mae T., Susan R., Katheryn M. and Caroline P.

PETER MOIR BARCLAY, M.D.--Of the physicians and surgeons in Orange County who built up an extensive practice, special mention should be made of the late Dr. Barclay, of Newburgh. He was a son of Dr. Alexander and Mary J. Fraser (Watt) Barclay, and was born in Aberdeen, Scotland, April 20, 1834. His parents came to America in 1835, settling in Newburgh. Here Peter M. received his preliminary education, graduating from the Academy in 1848. In 1850 he began the study of medicine under his father, and graduated from the University of New York in 1854. July 9, 1866, Governor Fenton appointed him surgeon to the 19th Infantry of New York, with the rank of captain. Dr. Barclay was a nonresident member of the Medico-Legal Society of New York, and was prominently identified with the Masonic fraternity, including the Knights Templar.

He was united in marriage, June 19, 1872, with Miss Harriet E., daughter of Captain C. B. Armstrong. They had one daughter, Maude, now the wife of Mr. John B. Rose, a leading brick manufacturer and representative citizen of Newburgh.

Of Dr. Barclay's skill in his profession it is unnecessary to speak, as his talents were known and appreciated for nearly half a century in this city and adjoining portions of the State. He was also recognized as a leading citizen, performing in a plain and courteous manner the various social duties that devolved upon him. His death occurred in Newburgh, February 10, 1901.

ARTHUR BARNES, senior member of the firm of Barnes & Atkins, is a son of Edgar C. Barnes, and was born and educated in Newburgh. They occupy one of the oldest business houses of its kind in the city; established in 1874 by Matthews & Barnes; succeeded in 1883 by Barnes & Mapes; and in 1890 by E. C. Barnes, and again in 1898 by Barnes & Monell. The present firm purchased the business in 1905. They are smokers and packers of B. & M. Newburgh meats and give employment to twelve men. They are extensive dealers in butter, eggs and cheese.

EDGAR C. BARNES was born in Orange County, N. Y., July 16, 1834. His parents removed to New York City when he was seven years of age, and he received his education in the schools of that city. From 1851 to 1854 Mr. Barnes was employed in the store of A. R. & O. Taylor at Pine Bush, Orange County. He then came to Newburgh and entered the employ of William K. Mailler & Co. as shipping clerk on the barge Newburgh. He filled various positions in the office of the barge until 1874, becoming familiar with the produce commission business. In 1874 he formed a partnership with James H. Mathews under the firm name of Mathews & Barnes, wholesale provision and produce merchants. In 1883 Mr. Mathews retired from the firm and Mr. Albert W. Mapes was admitted thereto, under the firm name of Barnes & Mapes, and so continued until December, 1890. Mr. Barnes continued the business alone until 1898, but removed to a substantial brick building he had erected at 42 South Water street, specially adapted to cold storage. In March of 1898 Mr. Barnes retired from active business life. He is vice-president of the Highland National Bank of Newburgh. Mr. Barnes has not sought prominence in public life, but rather has devoted himself to his business, in which he was eminently successful, and to the work of the church and Sunday-school with which he is connected. He has been twice married, his first wife being M. Theresa Pack, of New York, who died, leaving four children, three of whom are living. Anna, Minnie, and Arthur, his business successor. In 1870 he married Sophie H. Parsons, of Newburgh, N. Y.

GEORGE T. BARNES, son of Gordon and Esther A. (Tate) Barnes, was born in Montgomery, Orange County. He attended school but a short period and in 1881 began his apprenticeship as a tinsmith and plumber, serving seven years. He was employed several years at Middletown by the late George A. Swalm and has resided in Newburgh since 1889. In 1892 he established his present business as a contractor for plumbing, ventilating, steam and hot water heating. Mr. Barnes has given a great deal of study to the most improved and economical systems of heating and ventilating large buildings and his plans have been accepted and installed in many of the palatial homes in the Hudson Valley, Long Island, and Rhode Island. Among the important plants he has equipped may be mentioned those of the Light, Heat and Power Companies of Newburgh and Poughkeepsie, the Chatham, Coxsackie and Rhinebeck electrical stations, and he now has the contract for heating the United States Government buildings at West Point, N. Y. Mr. Barnes' success may be attributed to his close attention to business and fulfilling his contracts to the letter. From a humble beginning he has built up a business in the space of fifteen years, exceeding all others in his line in Orange County. His show rooms at 107 Broadway will compare favorably with any in New York State. In 1895 he married Miss Cory, of Rhode Island, and one daughter has been born to them.

J. MILTON BARNES, flour and grain merchant, of Central Valley, was born in Cornwall, Orange County, in 1844, a son of Matthew and Mary (Van Duser) Barnes. As a young man he learned the carpenter's trade, which he followed until 1876, when he located in Central Valley and engaged in the mercantile business with Alfred Cooper. This partnership continued eight years and was succeeded by Barnes & Thorn, Barnes & Duran, and J. M. Barnes & Co. Mr. Barnes was appointed postmaster of the village in 1885 and again in 1892. Politically he has always been a democrat. In 1884 Mr. Barnes married Miss Hannah, daughter of the late Hon. Morgan Shuit.

ROBERT HIRAM BARNETT, of Newburgh, N. Y., was born in the City of Gloversville, Fulton County, N. Y., on June 13, 1870, being the son of Alfred A. and Bessie Rowell Barnett. His father was born in London, England, and came to this country in the early sixties. The Barnett family is descended from English ancestors who commanded in the battle of Barnett. Through his mother, Mr. Barnett is a Mayflower descendant and is connected with the Fields and Morses, Warren Rowell, the New York inventor, being his maternal great-uncle. Mr. Barnett received his education in the city of Johnstown, N. Y., and graduated from the Johnstown High School and the Johnstown Academy, which was founded by Sir William Johnson. Owing to ill-health he was unable to enter college, but continued his studies for three years under a tutor and read law with Andrew J. Nellis, of Johnstown, N. Y., and acted as his managing clerk for several years and thereafter went to New York City and entered the New York Law School as a student thereof. While pursuing his course at the New York Law School he was connected with ex-Deputy Attorney General Colonel Dennison, of the firm of Dennison & Hartridge, of New York City. Mr. Barnett graduated from the New York Law School in 1895, with the degree of bachelor of laws, and was admitted to the bar at Albany in December, 1895.

He practiced law in the city of Johnstown for a short time and then removed to Mechanicsville, N. Y., where he remained for about three years, and while there was corporation counsel of the village and acted as attorney and counsel for the boards of health and water commissioners. From Mechanicsville Mr. Barnett removed to the city of New York and engaged in the practice of his profession, but owing to ill-health and inability to become acclimated to the salt air he removed to the city of Newburgh in 1901, where he has since continuously followed his profession, having largely confined his efforts to the practice of negligence law.

DANIEL D. BARNS, the third son of Nathaniel and Effie (Dusenberre) Barns, previously referred to, was born in Middle Hope in 1833. He now lives in retirement on his valuable fruit farm, adjoining his birthplace. In 1857 he married Miss Hester D., daughter of Captain L. S. Carpenter, of Marlboro. They became the parents of three daughters and one son, Nathaniel C., who continues the management of the farm cultivated so many years by his father. Mr. Daniel D. Barns always manifested a great interest in public affairs of Orange County, and was well known as a breeder of fast trotting horses for which Orange County is noted.

Nathaniel C. Barns was born in Middle Hope in 1863. Since completing his studies in the Newburgh schools he has been largely engaged in fruit growing with much success. He has served as justice of the peace, and is the present master of Cronomer Valley Grange No. 982.

In 1888 he married Miss Mary E., daughter of Dr. Kidd, of Newburgh; she died in 1889, leaving one daughter, Natalie C.

NATHANIEL BARNS--Among the representative agriculturalists and fruit growers of Orange County, Mr. Nathaniel Barns, of the town of Newburgh, is worthy of special notice. Born in Middle Hope, February 20, 1831, he has been for nearly half a century actively engaged in the cultivation of a large and valuable farm, mostly devoted to fruit. He is the second son and namesake of the late Nathaniel and Effie (Dusenberre) Barns, previously mentioned.

Mr. Barns attended a select school at Marlboro, and subsequently taught school one winter. When twenty-three years of age he married Miss Martha Waring, and four sons and one daughter were born to them, of whom James and Charles are living--the former a dry goods merchant of Newburgh, and the latter in the produce business in New York. Mr. Barns has been actively identified with public affairs of his native town. He was elected assessor for a period of nine years, excise commissioner for two years, and from 1865 to 1870 held the office of supervisor and chairman of the board in 1870. Mr. Barns was the first supervisor from the present town of Newburgh and is the only surviving member of that honorable body of 1866. Mr. Barns was recognized as a leader and placed on important committees. He is at present one of the trustees of Cedar Hill Cemetery, and member of Cronomer Valley Grange.

WILLIAM D. BARNS, widely known for many years as one of the most prominent and successful agriculturists, fruit growers and horticulturists in the State of New York, pursued his vocation at Middle Hope, Orange County, where he was born October 16, 1828. He was the descendant of an old and honored New England family. His father, Nathaniel Barns, was born in Litchfield, Conn., in 1782, and settled in Middle Hope shortly after his marriage to Miss Effie Dusenberre in 1828. Four children were born to them, namely, William D., Nathaniel, Daniel D., and Mary E.

Nathaniel Barns became a prosperous farmer, and at the time of his death in 1879 was the owner of 300 acres of the choicest farm land in Orange County. These farms became the property of the sons above mentioned. William D. continued the homestead farm, and for thirty-five years previous to his death devoted his attention largely to the cultivation of fruit. He was vice-president of the Orange County Agricultural Society from 1888 to 1897, and superintendent of the fruit department at the annual fairs of this organization. He was a member and exhibitor at the Newburgh Bay Horticultural Society. He was connected with the Eastern New York Horticultural Society since its organization, and a member of the Western New York Horticultural Society. In 1893 he was appointed by Governor Flower a member of the board of control of the New York State Experiment Station at Geneva. He was also appointed by Governor Odell a State delegate to the National Farmers' Congress at Sioux Falls, S. D., in 1901. As a citizen of the town of Newburgh, he was the incumbent of many offices of trust and honor. As almshouse commissioner he was prominent in securing many improvements on the farm attached to that institution. He was largely instrumental in the establishment of the Children's Home, and the plans for its management have been conducted substantially as he advocated. Mr. Barnes' death occurred in October, 1904. In 1860 he married Miss Elizabeth A. Carpenter, and five children were born, of whom four are living, Edwin W., Mary, George D., John S., and Nathaniel H. (deceased).

The homestead farm is now conducted under the management and firm name of Edwin W. Barns & Son. Over seventy acres are devoted to the culture of fruit, and all specimens adapted to this section, from the earliest strawberry to the latest apples, are here grown.

CHARLES W. BARTRUM, general superintendent of the Newburgh plant of Sweet, Orr & Co., was born in Dutchess County, N. Y., and educated at the Rhinebeck Academy. He taught school for a time and was later associated with the clothing industry at Ossining, N. Y., for a period of nine years. In 1881 his services were secured by the above firm, first in the sales department and then in charge of the general office. In 1883 he was appointed superintendent.

Mr. Bartrum married Miss Hannah E. Willsea, of Tarrytown, and they are the parents of two children, Dr. William C. and Miss Nellie E.

WILLIAM R. BEAL, president of the Newburgh Light, Heat and Power Company, was born in Newark, N. J., in 1838. His father, Joseph Reynolds, a gentleman by birth and education, and his mother, Elizabeth Austen, came to this country from England about 1830.

Left an orphan at an early age, he first engaged in a fifteen hour a day business for nearly two years and then commenced his career with gas companies. His experience in the latter line of business was with the Newark, N. J., Gas Light Co. and then with the gas company at Elizabeth. In 1855 he became manager of the Yonkers Gas Light Co., leaving it in 1866 to take the same position in the territory now known as the Twenty-third Ward, New York City. In 1870 he organized the company and built the works now controlling the sale of gas in the Twenty-fourth Ward, New York City. In 1895, and as president of these companies, he sold them to the New Amsterdam Gas Company of New York City, now controlled by the Consolidated Gas Company, New York City.

While living in the Twenty-third Ward, he was actively identified in church and Sunday-schools and church construction and management, and for twelve years with the public school system of New York as trustee and chairman.

Mr. Beal was president of the American Gas Light Association in 1902, and is now a trustee and treasurer of its educational fund. In 1900 he became president of the Newburgh Light, Heat and Power Co., and a little later of the Poughkeepsie L., H. & P. Co. His policy throughout his career of more than half a century with gas enterprises has been to use the best manufacturing and distributing apparatus and to give the best possible service at equitable rates.

For many years Mr. Beal has been largely identified with real estate and building operations and in the organization and management of incorporated enterprises. He is a warden of Holy Trinity Church, New York, is an officer of Christian associations, a Free Mason and a Grand Army man, as well as a member of several clubs, church and benevolent institutions.

In 1863 Mr. Beal was united in marriage to Eleanor Louise Bell. Their living children, Reynolds and Gifford are artists, Thaddeus R. is manager of the Poughkeepsie L., H. & P. Co., Albert R. is manager of the gas department, Newburgh L., H. & P. Co., Mrs. Charles E. Acker and Miss Mary Reynolds Beal.

OSCAR W. BELCHER, who recently purchased the Lee farm in the town of Cornwall, has resided in Orange County nearly half a century. He was born in Passaic County, N. J., in 1844, where he remained until 1859. With the exception of two and a half years spent in Michigan, Mr. Belcher has been engaged in farming in what is now the town of Tuxedo. In 1907 he disposed of his property there and removed to his present home.

THE BELKNAP FAMILY--Abraham Belknap, from whom the Belknap family in this country trace their descent, emigrated from England and settled in Lynn, Mass., in 1637. Samuel Belknap, the immediate ancestor of the family in Orange County, was born in 1707, came to Newburgh in 1749, and died in 1771. His son Isaac, during the struggle for independence, was appointed a captain of a company of rangers, and later in the regular service as assistant deputy quartermaster-general. Another son, Abel, was chairman of the committee of safety for the Newburgh precinct during the Revolution. At the close of the war he engaged in the manufacture of soap. This became an important industry, and has extended from father to son for four generations as follows: Abel Belknap, 1783 to 1804; his sons, Abel and Moses Higby Belknap, 1804 to 1855; Moses Cook Belknap and Belknap & McCann, 1855 to 1892, and William Cook Belknap, 1892 to the present.

Moses Higby Belknap was born in Newburgh, N. Y., September 23, 1787, and died January 4, 1855. He was president of the village of Newburgh in 1832-33-34-38-39-41-43-44. He was one of the founders of the Newburgh High School.

Moses Cook Belknap was born in Newburgh, February 2, 1832, a son of Moses H. and Ruth P. (Cook) Belknap. In 1867 he was appointed cashier of the Highland National Bank and January 9, 1883, was elected its president, continuing in this office until he retired on account of ill health in 1892. He died at Newburgh, October 3, 1892. Upon the death of his father in 1855, Mr. Belknap formed a co-partnership with Thomas M. McCann to continue the soap manufacturing business of A. & M. H. Belknap, Mr. Belknap managing the finances of the concern. He served as clerk and treasurer of the board of trustees of the First Presbyterian Church from 1855 to the time of his death. He was one of the founders of the local Y. M. C. A. and was connected therewith after its reorganization. In 1877 he served as alderman from the Third Ward and in 1884 was elected a member of the Board of Education and re-elected in 1888. In 1887 he was chosen its president.

In 1857 Mr. Belknap married Mary H., daughter of William K. Mailler, who died May 31, 1858. In 1862 he married Marietta, daughter of David McCamly, of Warwick, N. Y. She died in 1873, leaving three sons and one daughter. In 1875 he married Evelina, daughter of Dr. Nathaniel Deyo, by whom he had a son and a daughter, now living.

WILLIAM COOK BELKNAP, son of Moses Cook and Marietta (McCamly) Belknap, was born at Newburgh, N. Y., July 15, 1864. He was educated in the private and public schools of that city and at Williston Seminary, East Hampton, Mass. He married Helen, daughter of the late George W. and Margaret (Brown) Kerr, December 15, 1890. Two children have been born to them, William Kerr, born December 10, 1897, and Helen Kerr, born April 8, 1899.

Mr. Belknap is engaged in the manufacture of soap under the firm name of Belknap & McCann, carrying on the business established by Abel Belknap about 1783. He is also engaged in other enterprises in Newburgh. Mr. Belknap has served as a member of the board of park commissioners of Newburgh since 1897. He is a member of the board of trustees of Washington's Headquarters (under appointment by Governor Higgins), corresponding secretary of the Historical Society of Newburgh Bay and the Highlands, member of the board of trustees of St. Luke's Hospital, a trustee of the Cedar Hill Cemetery Association and a vestryman of St. George's Church.

THE BENEDICT FAMILY--The first of the Benedict family to come to Orange County was Elder James Benedict, a great grandson of Thomas Benedict, who came from England and settled on Long Island about 1638. Elder James Benedict came to Warwick in 1765 and made his home in a log house near Chonck's Hill--he had separated from the church in Ridgefield, Conn., because of unjust demands of the tithe-master and very soon after coming to Warwick lent his efforts toward establishing the First Baptist Church. The first house built for worship was one over which he was pastor and stood at the fork of the road nearly opposite the church burying ground--on an angle which still continues to be church property. He left Warwick in the year 1773, and moved to Wyoming, Pa., because of difficulty arising in the church through prejudice toward the Order of Free Masons, of which he was a member and which connection saved the lives of himself and family at the fearful Wyoming massacre when a secret signal from Brandt brought mercy and safe escort to peaceful territory, he returned to Warwick at once and died here, September 9, 1792, aged seventy-two years. He is buried beside his wife, Mary, near where the church stood. The stone house just east of Warwick village was built by his oldest son, James, in 1779, and has descended through succeeding generations to the present owners--the children of Captain Jas. W. Benedict.

JAMES D. BENEDICT was born in the stone house about one mile from Warwick, Orange County, September 2, 1834. His father, William Smith Benedict, purchased the Wickham farm about 1839 and continued to operate it for many years. He removed to Warwick in April, 1867, and remained there until his death, September 22, 1883. James attended the district school and the Florida Institute. He assisted his father on the farm during his younger days and has always made farming his occupation. He removed to Warwick in 1871. remaining there about nine years, when he again took up his residence on the Wickham farm, where he resided until his death, which occurred February 17, 1898. He was a member of the Grange, a prosperous farmer and a good citizen. Mrs. Benedict has presented the International Sunshine Society with a plot of land on her farm near Wisner, on which the society will erect a bungalow costing about $2,000. The plot is beautifully located, presenting a fine view of the surrounding country. On it is a spring that never freezes, supplying an abundance of pure water. The place is to be known as "The James D. Benedict Sunshine Rest Home."

JAMES H. BENEDICT was born on the Benedict homestead in the old stone house at Stone Bridge, February 13, 1854. and lived there with his father thirty-five years. November 14, 1888, he married Miss Ada Pitts, and they had two children--Laura, born in October, 1889, and W. Smith, born in December, 1890. He has a large dairy farm, is a member of the Grange, and a democrat.

JOHN VAN DUZER BENEDICT--The Benedict family in America dates back to A. D. 1638, when Thomas Benedict and his wife, Mary (Bridgum) Benedict, the first of the name to come to America, settled at the colony of Massachusetts Bay.

The subject of this sketch is in the eighth line of descent from Thomas, the first settler, and in the fifth line from Elder James Benedict, the first of the name in Orange County. Our subject was born in the town of Warwick, on January 1, 1837, in the stone house, now standing and for many years known as the "John Blain" house. His parents were Abner Benedict and Julia A. (Van Duzer) Benedict, who were each in equal lines of descent from both Thomas, the first settler, and from the "old Elder," as he was familiarly called. He first attended school in the old stone schoolhouse, at that time standing opposite the forks of the highway near Stonebridge, afterwards at the district school in the village of Edenville, entered the academy known as the "Warwick Institute," at Warwick, N. Y., on December 5, 1853, its opening day, and was also a student at the S. S. Seward Institute at Florida, N. Y., during the spring term in 1857, under the direction of Professor John W. Round, then principal of that institution. He entered the freshman class of Union College at Schenectady on the opening of the school year in September, 1857, and completing the full classical course, graduated on the 25th day of July, 1861. Returning home, he lived with his parents at their home near Edenville, Orange County, N. Y.

JOHN W. BENEDICT--His parents were Henry A. and Laura T. Benedict, and he was born on the homestead farm, August 16, 1855. After his school days he became a farmer, and has not changed his occupation. His dairy farm consists of 230 acres, and has belonged to the Benedicts since 1817. His father, born in 1818, died April 3, 1900, and his mother, born in 1826, is still living. They had ten children, eight of whom are living.

CHARLES F. BENNETT, of Middletown, N. Y., was born in the Bennett homestead near Middletown, October 15, 1869. His early life was spent principally on his father's farm. His father, John F. Bennett, removed to Bloomingburgh, Sullivan County, and engaged in the hotel and livery business. Charles Bennett is a member of numerous social and fraternal societies, including the Masons, Royal Arcanum, Elks and Eagles. For over two years he served as postmaster at Bloomingburgh. He engaged in the livery business at Middletown in 1900 and now has one of the largest livery establishments in the city. He recently purchased of his father the homestead farm at Springside, near Middletown. This farm has been in the possession of the family over one hundred years. Mr. Bennett was joined in marriage with Kittie Bertholf, daughter of Andrew T. Bertholf, of Howells, N. Y., January 25, 1892. They have one son, Mortimer W., a student at the Middletown High School.

JOHN BIGELOW--The following data taken from "Who's Who in America," covers in concise form the career of this distinguished citizen whose country seat is at Highland Falls, N. Y.:

"John Bigelow, author; born Maiden, Ulster County, N. Y., November 25, 1817. Graduated from Union College, 1835 (LL.D., Union and Racine Colleges, 1886; University of the City of New York, 1889); admitted to bar; inspector Sing Sing prison, 1845 to 1846; one of the editors New York Evening Post, 1849-61. Consul at Paris, France, 1861-64. United States Minister to France, 1864-67. Chairman of Governor Tilden's canal investigating committee, 1875. Secretary of State of New York, 1875-77. Executor and trustee of will of late Samuel J. Tilden. President board of trustees, New York Public Library, Astor, Lenox and Tilden's foundations. Author: Molinos the Quietist; France and the Confederate Navy; Life of William Cullen Bryant; Life of Samuel J. Tilden (2 vols.). A life of Franklin (3 vols.) from his pen, and the complete writings of Franklin which he edited (10 vols.)."

JOHN W. BINGHAM, whose fruit farm of sixty acres is located in the town of Newburgh near the county line, was born in the town of Marlborough, Ulster County, in 1852. His education was obtained in the Marlborough schools and the public schools of New York City, and he then engaged with his father in the management of the farm, which was purchased in 1867. Mr. Bingham is an elder in the Marlborough Presbyterian Church and identified with the I. O. O. F. He married Miss Mary Bloomer and three children have been born to them. He is a son of Charles E. and Amelia (Holmes) Bingham, who were prominent in church and social circles of Marlborough.

JOHN JACOB BIPPUS, a successful merchant of Port Jervis, was born at Bearville, Pa. His parents removed to Port Jervis when he was a child, and in the schools of that place he received his education. He has been engaged in the grocery business since 1891, and is one of the leading merchants of Port Jervis. Mr. Bippus is a member of the Masonic fraternity, the K. of P., Elks, and is an officer in the Building and Loan Association. He is vice-president of the board of trade, has been town collector and was one of the first aldermen elected after Port Jervis received its charter as a city.

CALEB BIRCH--Among the representative merchants of Orange County is Mr. Birch, who has conducted a boot and shoe establishment in Walden for a period of thirty-three years. Mr. Birch is a native of the town of Plattekill, Ulster County, N. Y., and his younger days were spent in farming. In 1872 he opened his store in Walden and in 1875 erected the building he now occupies. Mr. Birch is a member of the American Mechanics and the Knights of Honor. He married Miss Abbie Gale and the following children have been born to them: Caleb, George, Marcus and Leuella. George, who is in business with his father, is clerk of the town of Montgomery, a member of the Masonic fraternity and one of Walden's progressive young citizens.

HILAND H. BLANCHARD was born in Acra, Greene County, N. Y., February 18, 1850. His father, Justus Blanchard, was for a time engaged in the hotel business, after which he settled on a farm. He died at the age of thirty-five years. His wife, Emeline, daughter of Miles Darby, was born in Greene County and survived her husband's death many years, passing away at the age of seventy. The only surviving member of the family is the subject of our sketch. He attained his early education at the district school and afterwards attended the Wallkill Academy. In the fall of 1868 he identified himself with Wheeler Madden & Clemson, saw manufacturers, of Middletown, N. Y., and for the past twenty years has filled the office of superintendent of that concern. Mr. Blanchard married Miss Sarah Biggin, of Middletown; four children were born to this union. He is a member of Hoffman Lodge No. 412, F. & A. M., of Middletown, and the Knights of Pythias. In politics he is a democrat and has served on city and county committees, is a member of the board of water commissioners and president of the Old Orchard Club.

FRED P. BLIVEN was born February 22, 1871, at Michigan Corners, Orange County. His parents were Ulysses and Caroline Bliven. There were six children in the parents' family. Fred attained his early education at the district school, and at an early age worked on a farm, which occupation he has always followed. He married Nettie Clara, of Middletown, March 22, 1897. Their one child, Pearl, resides at home. His father died in 1888 and the mother in 1880.

JOSEPH BOARD, merchant, was born at Chester, N. Y., November 9, 1842, son of Peter Seeley and Madeline C. (Conklin) Board, grandson of General Charles Board, of Boardville, N. J., and great-grandson of Captain Joseph Board, of the Revolutionary Army. He was graduated from Amherst College as A.B., with Phi Beta Kappa honors in 1867. He has been a merchant, selling coal, feed and lumber since January 1, 1868, and is a member of the firm of Board & Bryan. He is a director of the Watertown Water, Light and Power Company of Watertown, South Dakota; director and secretary of the Chester (New York) Telephone Company, and director of the Chester National Bank (and secretary of the board). Since 1868 he has acted as executor or administrator of over twenty different estates of deceased persons. He was excise commissioner of the town of Chester, N. Y., in 1876; member of the board of supervisors of Orange County, New York, from 1878 to 1880, and 1883 and 1884; candidate for member of assembly, 1884, but defeated; and member of over twenty years and president five years of the Board of Education of Chester Village; clerk of village of Chester, from 1892 to 1894. He was superintendent of construction of the Chester Waterworks in 1892 and 1893, trustee of Chester Village one year, and he is trustee of the Chester Free Library of Chester, N. Y. He made summer tours of the Pacific Coast, in 1869, Texas, Mexico, New Mexico and Wyoming in 1883, British Isles and Continent of Europe in 1887. Arkansas and Missouri in 1904, Dakotas and Minnesota in 1905; also frequent summer journeys through New England. He is a republican in politics and a Presbyterian in religion (Liberal School). He is a member of the Delta Kappa Epsilon Society, Amherst College, Delta Kappa Epsilon Club of New York City, member of the Sons of the Revolution, also a member of the American Geographical Society. Mr. Board married twice, first, June 1, 1868, Josephine Bradbury Curry, and second, October 2, 1870, Hannah A. Curry (both of Tilton, N. H.), and they have three children: Joseph Orton, born in 1873; Anna Tebbetts, born in 1880, and Josephine Clough, born in 1885.

JAMES BONNYMAN was born September 1, 1854, in Batriphnie, Banffshire County, Scotland. He received a common school education in Scotland, and came to America in 1872. He located in Philadelphia and worked at his trade as florist nearly nine years. He moved to Warwick in 1880, and after working for J. E. Cropsey for some time, started for himself in floriculture. He is a large grower of roses and carnations, which are mostly sold in the home market. He is a member of the Reformed Dutch Church, has been one of its deacons eight years, and is a member of the Y. M. C. A. He is an earnest church worker, and active in public affairs. In politics he is a republican. He married Miss Catherine Amelia McPeek, daughter of Lewis and Sarah McPeek, September 16, 1883. They have four children living, one having died while young. Those living are: Alexander M., born May 17, 1885, a graduate of Columbia College of Pharmacy; Amy R., born May 31, 1887, a graduate of the Warwick Institute, and Douglass, born May 27, 1893.

FRED BOOTH, secretary and general manager of the Firth Carpet Company at Firthcliffe, Orange County, N. Y., is a native of Yorkshire, England, and came to America in 1884 to superintend the plant of this company, then located in Philadelphia. In March, 1886, they purchased the Broadhead Woolen Mills, transferred their machinery to the new location and continued the manufacture of worsted yarns, tapestry and Brussels carpet. The concern, of which Mr. Booth is the active head, is one of the leading industries in Orange County. The capital stock is $1,000,000 and employment is given to four hundred persons.

The officers of the company are: F. F. Firth, president; A. F. Firth, vice-president; B. H. Tobey, treasurer, and Fred Booth, secretary and general manager.

JESSE BOOTH was born at Campbell Hall, May 8, 1853. His father was Alfred Booth and mother Dolle Watkins (Reeve) Booth. His parents had a family of four children: Matilda Roe, wife of W. H. D. Blake, of New Paltz, N. Y., died October, 1904; Hanna Caroline, wife of George Slaughter, of Campbell Hall, N. Y.; Marianna, wife of Lewis H. Woolsey, of New Paltz, N. Y.; Sarah Reeve Booth, wife of Samuel B. Hepburn, of East Orange, N. J., and Jesse. Jesse's early education was obtained at the district school at Campbell Hall after attending the Claverack School near Hudson, N. Y. Mr. Booth has always been identified with agricultural pursuits. He married Keturah Crowell, of St. Andrews, N. Y., January 7, 1885. There were born to them five children: Anna Louise, born September 28, 1885, died at the age of sixteen months; Dollie Watkins, born October 26, 1888; Pierson, born January 12, 1890; Alfred, born October 22, 1893, and Wellington, born September 26, 1896. Mr. Booth is a member of the Presbyterian Church of Hamptonburgh. In politics he is a republican and he is a member of the Hamptonburgh Grange No. 950. The farm which he owns has been in the family for a period of two hundred years. At present Mr. Booth resides on Highland avenue, Middletown, N. Y.

JOHN GAIL BORDEN, the youngest son of the late Gail Borden, who was famous as an inventor and public benefactor, was born in Galveston, Texas, January 4, 1844. Coming North when but a lad of thirteen, he entered one of the Brooklyn public schools, and later attended the Winchester Academy in Winchester Center, Conn., where he remained for two years. From the time when he left the academy until he entered a business college, young Borden assisted his father in establishing the condensed milk business, then in its infancy.

The call for volunteers in 1861 interrupted the business college course, and Mr. Borden, then but nineteen years of age, enlisted at Poughkeepsie, N. Y., under Colonel (the late General) John Henry Ketcham, in the 150th N. Y. Volunteers, serving in his regiment for two years and a half, and attaining the rank of second lieutenant during that time. Just before his regiment started for the front, the young patriot presented himself for baptism and membership in the Armenia, N. Y., Baptist Church, and in the years following gave every evidence of a consistent Christian life.

His service in the "150th" was terminated by a serious illness, caused by the severe strain and exposure of army life, and Mr. Borden was compelled to return to his home for rest and recuperation. When sufficiently recovered, he was transferred to the 47th N. Y. Volunteers, and remained with that regiment until the close of the war. Returning to his home in Brewsters, N. Y., Mr. Borden became actively identified with the Borden Condensed Milk Co., and upon the death of his father, in 1874, succeeded him as its president.

During his connection with the company, he made many valuable improvements in the methods of manufacturing condensed milk, and otherwise firmly established the reputation of the Borden Condensed Milk Co.

Removing in 1881 from Brewsters to Wallkill, N. Y., he purchased the property known as the "John P. Andrews farm," comprising about two hundred acres, and by acquiring adjacent lands from time to time, the "Borden Home Farm" was made to cover an area of some fifteen hundred acres. Most, if not all, of this property was a part of an original grant of land deeded by Queen Anne, in 1709, to "her true and loving subjects." Here Mr. Borden built a large condensery for the Borden Condensed Milk Co., continuing the management of the business until 1884, when failing health compelled him to retire from an active business life. From that time until his death, Mr. Borden gave his whole attention to the improving and beautifying of his "Home Farm," trying, as he expressed it, to "make two blades of grass grow where but one grew before." With all the improvements made upon the farm, he did not indulge in what is known as "fancy farming," but aimed rather to make his improvements on a practical basis, furnishing object lessons which any energetic farmer might easily put into practice.

In politics Mr. Borden was a staunch Republican, firmly believing in every citizen taking an Active part in the politics of his town, and conscientiously performing his duty at the primaries and the polls.

Mr. Borden's patriotism increased with years, and he was one, if not the first, of the pioneers who labored to impress upon the minds of the children a strong love for country and "the Stars and Stripes," and each Decoration Day he presented to every child in the public schools in his vicinity, a small American flag; continuing this practice until his death. Among Mr. Borden's characteristics, none were stronger than his devotion to home and country. Courtesy and gentleness were also marked characteristics with him, and his hat was removed as quickly for a little girl as for a lady. He was a true disciple of the "gospel of labor," and one of his unwritten mottoes was, that "what was worth doing at all was worth doing well," which rule was followed out in all his undertakings. He worked incessantly and was old before his time. Mr. Borden died in October, 1891, at Ormond, Fla., where, as well as in the North, he left an enviable and lasting record of practical Christian living. He lived but forty-seven years--a short life, but one so filled with work for God and humanity, that its value cannot be estimated by the number of years alone.

CHARLES CLAYTON BOURNE, brick manufacturer, was born in Brooklyn, N. Y., in 1865 and has resided in Newburgh since 1889, when he began the manufacture of brick at Fishkill Landing, Dutchess County, shortly after completing his education at the University of the City of New York. Mr. Bourne is identified with the Masonic fraternity; member of the Powelton Club and a director of the City Club of Newburgh. He married Miss Anna, daughter of James Fullager. Their mansion overlooking the Hudson was erected by Mr. Bourne in 1905.

EDWARD C. BOYNTON, son of the late Major E. C. and Mary J. (Hubbard) Boynton, was born at West Point, N. Y., in 1864. Graduate Newburgh Academy, and Cornell University in 1887, with the degree of ME; was assistant in the laboratory of Thomas Edison two years; was then engaged as superintendent with various firms in the manufacture of electrical machinery. In 1895 was appointed chief electrical engineer of the N. Y., N. H. & H. Ry. Co., with whom he remained six years. In 1901 accepted position of mechanical engineer of Chicago & Great Western Railroad, with headquarters at St. Paul, Minn., remaining two years. From 1903 to September, 1906, he acted as consulting and testing engineer in New York City, when he was appointed manager of the Orange County Traction Co., where he remained one and a half years and is now consulting engineer in Newburgh. Member American Institute of Electrical Engineers; the National Geographic Society; New York Railroad Club; ex-member of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers; contributes special articles to the street railway journals; author of "American Electrical Railway Practice."

THOMAS W. BRADLEY, Walden, was born April 6, 1844; was for fifty years in the employ of the New York Knife Co., serving the last twenty-five years as president and treasurer, during which time he made the plant of this company the largest and most successful of its kind in the United States; was for some time president of the Walden National Bank and has been for many years a director and vice-president thereof; was one of the original trustees of the Columbus Trust Co. of Newburgh; has been for many years a trustee of the Walden Savings Bank; was a member of the State Assembly in 1876, chairman of the committee on military affairs and assistant inspector general of the National Guard; was a delegate to the national republican conventions of 1892, 1896, 1900 and 1908; was elected to the national house of representatives for the 58th, 59th and 60th Congresses, and served with the committee on military affairs, and the committee on invalid pensions; was married in 1867 to Josephine Denniston, daughter of Colonel James Denniston, of Little Britain; entered the Union Army as a private soldier, September 5, 1862; was promoted through every intermediate grade, and became a captain in the 124th New York Infantry Volunteers, served as personal aid-de-camp to Major General Gershom Mott, 3d Division, 2d Army Corps, was brevetted major United States Volunteers "for meritorious service," and was awarded the congressional medal of honor for gallantry at Chancellorsville, where he "volunteered in response to a call, and alone, in the face of a heavy fire of musketry and canister, went out and procured ammunition for the use of his comrades;" was severely wounded in action at Gettysburg, July 2, 1863, was wounded in action at The Wilderness, May 6, 1864, and wounded in action at Boydton Plank Road, October 27, 1864; is a member of the Society of the Army of the Potomac, a companion of the first class in the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States, and a member of the New York Chattanooga-Gettysburg Battle Fields Commission; is affiliated with Wallkill Lodge, F. and A. M., Highland Chapter and Hudson River Commandery; is a member of the City Club, Newburgh, and the Army and Navy Club, New York City; he has for many years been connected with the First Reformed Church of Walden; is a member of the Bradley Hose Co. of Walden, and of Enterprise Steamer Co., of which he was for some time the first foreman.

JOHN B. BRADNER, of Bellvale, Orange County, N. Y., was born in 1849. His early education was acquired at the district school in Bellvale. At the age of fourteen he began working on the farm. When eighteen years of age he clerked in a general store at Bellvale and after a period of seven years was taken into partnership, the firm being Burt & Bradner. This partnership continued for about three years, when Mr. Bradner withdrew and erected the first store at Greenwood Lake, where he continued in business for nine years. Mr. Bradner also owns a productive and valuable orange grove in St. Petersburg, Fla. He was united in marriage to Miss Clara R. Hunt in 1873. There were four children to bless this union, only two of whom are now living. In politics a democrat, Mr. Bradner has served as postmaster at Bellvale, was school trustee and has acted as trustee of the Warwick Savings Bank.

WILLIAM A. BRADNER is one of the six children of Jacob Howe Bradner and Sarah C. Vandervoort Bradner, four of whom are living. He was born on a farm near Warwick, May 23, 1867. The other living children are John H., of Olean, N. Y.; William A., of Warwick: Carrie, wife of S. D. Tilt, of Warwick, and Samuel Blain Dolson, of Bowie, Arizona. William A., after his schooling, which ended in Warwick Institute, assisted his father on the farm until his father's death in 1901. It is a dairy farm of one hundred acres, with one thousand peach trees, on which the Indians camped in pioneer days and near which Washington's army was camped for awhile. The house was built in 1810 of timber brought from Connecticut, and Mr. Bradner's grandfather bought the place of James Bell. Mr. Bradner is a skillful farmer, and in practical matters generally is up with the times.

GEORGE RICHARD BREWSTER, attorney, of Newburgh, was born in Newburgh, N. Y., November 17, 1873. He is a son of Eugene Augustus and Anna W. (Brown) Brewster. The family ancestry is traced through the Brewsters of Long Island and Connecticut, to Nathaniel Brewster, a member of the class graduated from Harvard (1642), whose father, Francis Brewster, came to America from London, England, and settled in New Haven, Conn. Mr. Brewster was educated at Siglar's Preparatory School, Newburgh, and Yale University, from which he graduated in 1894 with the degree of Ph.B. He read law in the office of his father, the late Hon. Eugene A. Brewster, and was admitted to the bar in 1896. He is a member of the Democratic Club of New York; Yale Club of New York; Transportation Club, New York; a director of the City and Powelton Clubs, Newburgh; director of the National Bank of Newburgh, and vestryman of St. George's Church; he is also a director of a number of local corporations.

Mr. Brewster was married January 18, 1899, to Margaret Conley Orr, daughter of the late James Orr, of Newburgh.

NATHANIAL R. BREWSTER, whose farm is situated at East Coldenham in the town of Newburgh, is a descendant of one of Orange County's old and prominent families. His ancestry dates back to William Brewster, who came over in the Mayflower and was the progenitor of the Brewsters in America. He is a son of William C. and a grandson of Nathaniel Brewster, who previously cultivated this property. Considerable interest is attached to this farm from the fact that Nathaniel Brewster near his home unearthed the skeleton of a mastodon, which was purchased by Dr. Warren, of Boston, and later sold to J. Pierpont Morgan, who presented it to the New York Museum of Natural History.

In 1896 Mr. Brewster established here a school for nervous and backward children, and the methods of training adopted have proved very successful.

WALTER H. BREWSTER, supervisor of the town of Blooming Grove, is a descendant of one of Orange County's old families. He is a son of Henry S. and Harriet (Halsey) Brewster and was born on his father's farm in Blooming Grove in 1869. He has always been engaged in agricultural pursuits, in which he has achieved much success. He was appointed a member of the board of supervisors to fill a vacancy in 1902 and in 1903 was elected to the office and re-elected in 1905 and 1907. Mr. Brewster married Miss Elizabeth, daughter of Rev. Warren Hathaway, and they have one son, Henry.

GEORGE E. BRINK, agent, L. & H. R. Ry., at East Chester Station, village of Chester, N. Y., son of Geo. E. Brink, of Franklin, N. J., and Lucretia Trusdell, of Vernon, N. J., was born December 7, 1879, at Franklin Furnace, N. J. His mother moved to Warwick, N. Y., when he was three years old. He got a common school education, and after working at odd jobs entered railway service as clerk in the general office, November 1, 1898. He also learned telegraphy, proved a good operator and has held various positions on different railroads in the capacity of agent, yard master, assistant train master, operator and train dispatcher. For the last two years and over he has been at East Chester, N. Y., where he has built up business in one year from $300 to $1,200 monthly. Mr. Brink has many friends in the vicinity and is well known by all as a thorough all-around railroad man.

LEANDER BRINK was born in the town of Shawangunk, Ulster County, N. Y., January 30, 1833. He is a son of James Brink, who was born in the town of Wallkill, Orange County, N. Y., in 1804. The family is of Dutch lineage. At the age of two years Mr. Brink's parents removed to Schuyler County, and his younger days were spent on the farm. In 1854 he came to Middletown and clerked for his uncle, Hiram Brink, a furniture dealer, with whom he remained until October, 1857. He was then taken in the firm as partner, the firm name becoming H. & L. Brink. In 1864 he went to Saginaw, Michigan, engaging in the manufacture of salt, Mr. Brink being superintendent of the works.

He continued in that business until 1867, when he returned to Middletown, retaining his interest in the salt works until 1876. In politics Mr. Brink is a republican and is a man of strong temperance sentiment. He was married to Miss Mary Horton in 1857, daughter of Hiram Horton, of Wallkill township.

T. HUNT BROCK, proprietor of the Hotel Erie at Port Jervis, was born at Scranton, Pa., in 1870, at which place he obtained his education. He first became identified with the hotel business in 1881 at the Hotel Windsor at Scranton, Pa., where he remained for a period of ten years. He removed to Port Jervis, N. Y., in 1901 and purchased the Erie Hotel, which he still conducts.

Mr. Brock is a member of the following social and fraternal organizations: F. and A. M. No. 291, of Scranton, Pa.; Neversink Chapter, Delaware Commandery, and Mecca Temple, Mystic Shrine of N. Y.; B. P. O. E. No. 645, of Port Jervis, and the Sons of Veterans, Camp No. 8.

CHAUNCY BROOKS, contractor and builder, of the village of Montgomery, N. Y., was born in 1842 at Eagle Valley in what was then the town of Monroe. His father traded Monroe Village, depot and all, for four hundred acres of land at what is now called Tuxedo. He still has a brother, Malcom Brooks, there, who is ex-supervisor of Tuxedo. As a young man he taught school for a while in his home district, and then learned to be an architect and builder. In 1867 he came to Montgomery, where he has achieved much prominence both as a contractor and in the affairs of the village. He was president of the board of water commissioners for six years during the time of its construction, and a member of the school board for nine years. In 1869 Mr. Brooks married Martha, daughter of Thomas and Mary (Mould) Wait, and three children have been born to them. Charles W., a civil engineer and graduate of Brown's University and also of Philadelphia University, resides at Washington and is in the employ of the government in the War and Navy Department. Alida W. is a graduate of the Emerson College of Boston and of the College of Albany, and is still attending the University of New York City and teaching at Bayonne, N. J. She is a teacher of elocution and physical culture. His youngest daughter, Minnie M., is a graduate of Montgomery High School, also of the Metropolitan College of Music. She resides at Montgomery, where she is giving instruction in music. Mr. Brooks has erected most of the substantial buildings in Montgomery and vicinity and gives employment regularly to a large force of men.

F. B. BROOKS, bookkeeper for C. T. Knight and assistant postmaster at Monroe, N. Y., was born in this village in 1872. He has been associated with Mr. Knight for the past eleven years and is actively identified with public affairs of his native place. He is president of the board of education and director and treasurer of the Fire Company. He is also director of the local building and loan association. Socially he is a member of the Masonic fraternity. Mr. Brooks deals extensively in real estate and has effected the sales of many valuable farms and choice country seats in Orange County.

GEORGE H. BROOKS was born at Mountainville, and his education was in the district school. From his youth until nineteen years of age he assisted his father on the farm. In 1875 he went to Turners, N. Y., and worked at blacksmithing four years, came to Chester in 1879, and was with Joseph Gavin two years; then went to Sugar Loaf, Orange County, and opened a shop there, which he conducted ten years. In 1891 he came to Chester and purchased of S. Hadden the establishment in which he had been manufacturing buggies for thirty-five years. He enlarged it, added new and improved machinery, making of it one of the best appointed manufactories in the county. He is a Methodist in religion and a republican in politics. In September, 1885, he was married to Eliza Litchult. Their seven children's names are Dora L., Lena C, Elsie, Helen, Merry, Clarence and Phoebe J. Mr. Brooks' father is still living at the age of ninety at Little Britain in the town of New Windsor.

DAVID BROWN, who is engaged in the express business in New York City, maintains a country place in the town of Newburgh, situated on the State road, known as the Cochecton turnpike. Mr. Brown purchased this farm, which comprises forty acres, in 1903. Commencing in a small way, Mr. Brown by industry, enterprise and the wise counsel of his wife has built up a very prosperous business in the metropolis. He married Miss Mary J. Baxter and they have one daughter, Genevieve.

EBER L. BROWN, owner of a seven-hundred-acre farm in the town of Minisink, and much valuable real estate in the village of Unionville and the cities of Middletown and New York, was born in Sussex County, N. J., in 1828. As a boy he clerked for a number of years and subsequently became a member of the wholesale grocery firm of Stillwell, Brown & Co., of New York City, for five years. In 1848 he went to California and engaged in mining with much success. On his return East he was connected with a wholesale dry goods house in New York and a wholesale grocery house.

Business cares affected his health and he came to Unionville and settled on the farm where his father was born. There he made his home and supervised the farm for twenty years. He then opened a wholesale and retail feed store in Unionville, and here organized a silk manufacturing establishment, giving employment to fifty hands. The plant was destroyed by fire in 1894. Mr. Brown now devotes his time principally to his real estate holdings in Unionville and Middletown. He is one of the directors of the Sussex Bank and has served as supervisor of the town.

Mr. Brown was twice married, his first wife being Miss Sarah E. Lewis. His second wife was Miss Caroline M. Lain, and they became the parents of twelve children, of whom five are living.

EDWARD ALLEN BROWN, proprietor of the Brown Hotel at Middletown, is a native of Orange County, having been born in the town of Greenville on December 7, 1840. His residence in Middletown dates from 1888, when he purchased the Russell House and conducted it under that name until the spring of 1908, when the new brick building, erected on the site of the old structure, was completed. This hotel now known as the "Brown," is one of the largest and best equipped hostelries in eastern New York, and has a large patronage. Mr. Brown has owned and conducted hotels in New York City, New Orleans, La., Logansport, Ind., and Port Jervis, N. Y. For two years he held the office of under sheriff of Orange County; was sergeant-at-arms in the Assembly during a part of the Tilden administration; was assistant journal clerk the first year of Cleveland's administration, and was purchasing agent for the New York State Prison under Warden W. R. Brown.

R. T. BROWN, senior member of the firm of Brown & Whitten, merchants at Pine Bush, N. Y., is a native of New York City. The firm continued the business established by Taylor & Howell. Mr. Brown was associated for two years with Mr. Howell under the firm name of Howell & Brown. Mr. Brown then conducted the business alone five years, and in 1907 the present partnership was formed.

Socially Mr. Brown is a member of the Knights of Pythias, he married Miss Elizabeth Decker and they are the parents of three children.

U. GRANT BROWN is of Welsh descent, his ancestors coming from Wales to America in 1650, settled on Long Island at a place then called Oyster Bonds and now Glen Port. He was born July 28, 1863, at Burnside, Orange County, and farming has always been his occupation. His education was obtained at the district school of Burnside. His parents were Daniel T. and Lucretia Brown. Of their five children only two are living, U. Grant and Linus W. The latter resides in New Orleans, La. U. Grant was married to Anna Sinsabaugh, of Cornwall, N. Y., March 27, 1889, and three children have been born to them--Edna, Josephine and Helen.

WILLIAM WISNER BUCKBEE has the distinction of having been born at Wisner, Orange County, in the old stone house, which has been in the family one hundred and forty years. The date of his birth was July 12, 1861. He was educated in the district school, began active life as a farmer, and remained a farmer until his death, November 19, 1886. He also dealt in coal and feed at Wisner. He was postmaster there twenty years, was treasurer of Locust Hill Cemetery, and being a popular republican and good citizen, held several town offices at various times. He was a grandson of Captain John Wisner. He was married to H. Elizabeth Wisner, October 7, 1885, and their seven children are all living--Emma, Albert, Anna Buckbee, William, Francis, Henry and Louise.

AUSTIN C. BULL, who was born in the Governor Clinton homestead in the town of New Windsor in 1855, has always made his home at this historic spot, superintending his farm of three hundred and nine acres. He is a descendant of an old and honored Orange County family. William Bull, the first of that name in this county, was born at Wolverhampton, England, in 1689. He came to America in 1715 and a year later married Sarah Wells, of Goshen, which was the first marriage ceremony performed in the old town of Goshen. He died in 1755 and she died in 1796, aged one hundred and two years. In 1868 an appropriate monument was erected over the remains of the venerable couple near Hamptonburgh Church by their descendants. The father of Austin C. was John Springstead Bull, a son of Isaac and grandson of John Bull, a native of Hamptonburgh. J. S. Bull was born in the town of Monroe in 1809. When a boy he entered the employ of David H. Moffat, a merchant of Washingtonville, and in 1832 purchased the business. He married the daughter of Samuel and Bethiah (Reeder) Moffat, of the town of Blooming Grove. He purchased the Clinton property in 1840 and the couple resided there until their death, the former in 1876 and the latter in 1889. Mr. Austin C. Bull is a member of Blooming Grove Congregational Church and is identified with Washingtonville Grange.

CHARLES R. BULL, a prominent citizen of Orange County, residing near Oxford Depot, is a descendant in the fifth generation of William Bull and Sarah Wells, the pioneers who settled in this county in the middle of the eighteenth century, to whom frequent reference is made in this history.

Charles R. was born at the Blooming Grove homestead in 1838 and is a son of Jesse and Caroline (Board) Bull. After completing his studies at Chester Academy he attended a private school at Bloomfield, N. J., for three years. He then engaged in the management of his farms, which comprise four hundred and forty-eight acres. In public life Mr. Bull has served as supervisor four years. He was appointed by Governor Odell, during his second term, loan commissioner of Orange County and is the present incumbent of that office.

Mr. Bull is a director of the Chester National Bank, of which his father was one of the incorporators. He is also a director of the Columbus Trust Company, Newburgh, and vice-president of the Orange and Rockland Electric Company of Monroe.

Mr. Bull married Harriet, daughter of Jesse Roe, of Chester, and they are the parents of one son and two daughters: Jesse, who resides at home; Caroline, now the wife of Clarence S. Knight; Mary, the wife of S. B. Patterson.

EBENEZER BULL was born March 3, 1846, in the old stone house at Hamptonburgh, Orange County, erected in 1722, which is still standing. Mr. Bull is the fifth direct descendant who has resided in this house. After his schooling he returned home and assisted in farm work and has always been identified with farming. He married Anna, daughter of Byard Walling, of Middletown, N. Y., October 17, 1894. Mr. Bull's parents were Ebenezer and Jane Bull. There were thirteen children born by this union. He is a member of Hamptonburgh Grange No. 950 and largely identified in the dairy business. Tradition says the barn on Mr. Bull's farm is older than the stone house, but the date of erection cannot be verified. Purgatory swamp, near the Bull stone house, derived its name from a messenger of the revolutionary period, who was sent from the army of New Jersey with papers to Washington's headquarters at Newburgh. He had instructions to stop over night at this historic stone house of William Bull, became confused and stopped at William Bull's son's house opposite the swamp. In getting through at night he made the remark "out of Purgatory," and it has always maintained this name.

HARRY BULL--The parents of Harry Bull were William and Phoebe Bull, of Stony Ford, Orange County, and here he was born on the old Bull homestead, May 25, 1872. There were eight children, five of whom are living. He attended the district school at Franklin Square and Friends Academy at Locust Valley, and then took a three months' course in the Agricultural College at Cornell University, Ithaca, as a preparation for the farming to which he has always devoted himself. He is a republican, and has been justice of the peace for the past eight years. He is a member of Hamptonburgh Grange No. 950, of which he was one of the organizers, and of the Modern Woodmen of America.

Mr. Bull married Miss Lucille Pierson, of Hamptonburgh, daughter of W. H. and Elizabeth Pierson. They have two children, Keturah, aged seven, and Henry, aged six.

IRVING CRAWFORD BULL was born in Middletown, Orange County, N. Y., January 24, 1879. Father's name was Albert Bull and mother's name was Ella B. Crawford. Father was druggist for thirty years. Graduated from Middletown High School in 1898 and was president of his class. Graduated from the Sheffield Scientific School, Yale University, in 1901, receiving the degree of bachelor of philosophy. Graduated from Columbia University Post-Graduate, in 1902, receiving the degree of master of arts. Dividing the years of 1902-1903 was assistant to Professor Henry M. Howe, professor of metallurgy, Columbia University, assisting in the experimental works in connection with publications by Professor Howe, also giving frequent lectures at the University. In October, 1903, he formed a partnership with Alfred E. Roberts, of Hartford, Conn., under the firm name of Bull & Roberts, analytical and consulting chemists and metallurgists, with offices and laboratories at 100 Maiden Lane, New York City; also branch offices and laboratories at Middletown, N. Y. They are the consulting chemists and metallurgists for many transportation companies centering in New York, also for large contracting companies. He is also a member of the Yale Club, New York City; honorary member of the Excelsior Hook and Ladder Company, Middletown, N. Y.; member of the Society of Chemical Industry, American Chemical Society, American Leather Chemists' Association, America's Institute of Mining Engineers. He has been chemist to the board of water commissioners, Middletown, N. Y., for five years; he is also a Son of the Revolution, and a member of the University Club, Middletown, N. Y.

On April 20, 1904, he married Mabel Dorothy Horton, youngest daughter of the late James Horton, Middletown, N. Y., former president of the United States Leather Company. On July 7, 1905, a son was born, whose name is Irving Horton Bull.

RICHARD BULL, son of Daniel Harlow Bull and Mary Ann Board, was born in the homestead at Campbell Hall, the house being built previous to 1800; no record can be found of anyone having occupied it but the Bull family. Mr. Bull's late school education was at Farmer's Hall and Montgomery Academy, two years in each. He has always been identified with farming and is a member of Hamptonburgh Grange No. 950, and also a member of National Grange, and also of the New York Mill Exchange. He is one of the trustees of the Burial Hill Cemetery Association at Hamptonburgh. The Bull family have held an annual picnic for forty years on the one-hundred-acre tract granted to William Bull and Sarah Wells by Christopher Denn, who were the first settlers in Orange County. Mr. Bull was treasurer of the picnic for a number of years, and president for one term.

He married Annie Wells, of Newburgh, whose mother was the daughter of Mehetable Bull, and her father was Captain William Bull, who was an officer in the Revolutionary War. Their one child, Charles Wells Bull, is a wholesale jeweler in Maiden Lane, New York City. He is the sixth generation on his father's side from the first William, and seventh on his mother's.

STEPHEN M. BULL, wholesale grocer and representative citizen of Newburgh, N. Y., was born in the Clinton homestead. Little Britain, N. Y., July 14, 1844; he was educated at district schools and by a private tutor. In 1864 he located in Newburgh and was engaged successfully with Johnston & Alsdorf and Thomas H. Skidmore & Son as bookkeeper and salesman. In 1879 the wholesale grocery house of Skidmore, Bull & Co. was formed. Since 1891 Mr. Bull has been sole proprietor. Married May 26, 1869, Martha, daughter of Samuel Oakley. Two children have been born--Emily Grace and John Springstead. Mr. Bull is a direct descendant of William Bull, who was born in England, February, 1689, and came to America in 1715. The family occupied a prominent place in the early history of Orange County.

THE BULLS OF SOUTH CAROLINA--Stephen Bull and Barnaby Bull, sons of Josias Bull, of Kingshurst Hall, emigrated to South Carolina in 1670 in a ship named Carolina. They were uncles of William Bull, who emigrated in 1715, settling at Hamptonburgh, Orange County, N. Y.

From Mrs. Haxtum's Genealogical Column in the New York Mail and Express we read:

"The Bulls were among the very earliest settlers of South Carolina, and have always borne a high record in the public life and in social relation. Stephen Bull, the founder of the family, was deputy proprietor for Lord Ashley in 1674 to 1682. After that date he represented various other proprietors until 1699. He was almost continuously in the grand council, where his discreet judgment and high personal character were greatly esteemed. He held in turn and together many high offices, civil and military, and was an adventurous explorer and trader among the Indians. He was buried at his beautiful seat, Ashley Hall, still in its decadence, one of the chief attractions of the historic river. His son, the Hon. William Bull, saw service as an officer in both the early Indian wars, and in civil life was active in the commons and council. He assisted General Oglethorpe in laying out Savannah, and was lieutenant-governor, acting from 1738 to 1744. His home in Charleston was the old 'Hayne House,' now owned by Mr. Henry Picken. His son, Stephen Bull, was distinguished in military and civil public life, and was the father of General Stephen Bull, of the Revolution. His home was Sheldon, one of the old family estates. The Hon. William Bull, of Ashley Hall, was the first American to graduate in medicine, which he did at Leyden, in 1734. Returning, he served the province in various capacities, civil and military, until appointed lieutenant-governor in 1759. He administered the province with great vigor and ability at various intervals, acting five times as governor. Loyal to the crown, but without creating animosity, he left Charleston with the royal troops in 1782, dying in London in 1791, an exile for conscience sake from the land he loved and served so well."

A few miles beyond the Ashley River is the Bull dominion, where once stood Ashley Hall, the country home of Governor Bull, the last colonial governor of South Carolina. A large monument of marble appropriately inscribed and bearing the Bull coat-of-arms stands on the grounds, commemorative to his memory.

WILLIAM BULL was born July 25, 1830, on the homestead farm near Stony Ford, Orange County, N. Y. The present owner, William Bull, of this historic old house, which was built in 1791, is the fifth of that name to occupy the homestead. The third William Bull, who erected the house, was with Washington at Valley Forge and at the battle of Monmouth. Our subject acquired his education at Mount Pleasant Academy at Ossining. He entered Princeton College in 1847 and graduated in 1851. He returned to the farm and has always followed agricultural pursuits. He married Phoebe Bull, one of eight daughters of Ebenezer Bull, of Hamptonburgh, November 22, 1859. Their children are: Elizabeth Green; Sarah, wife of Charles F. Wells, of Newburgh, N. Y.; Ebenezer Henry, and Bartow W. In politics Mr. Bull is a republican and has served the town as justice of peace for fourteen years, has been post master at Stony Ford, and held other town offices. He is a member of the Zeta Psi college fraternity, Stony Ford Grange No. 951, and Pomona Grange. He attends the Presbyterian Church of Campbell Hall.

WILLIAM EDGAR BULL, of Charleston, S. C, is a son of Edmund Llewellyn and Mary Evelina (Bruen) Bull. Edmund Bull was born in Orange County in 1817, removed to Charleston in 1832, and died there in 1892. His marriage with Mary Evelina Bruen occurred in March, 1844, and fifteen children were born to them. The progenitor of this branch of the Bull family was William Bull, who emigrated from Kingshurst Hall, Wolverhampton, England, in 1715, settling at Hamptonburgh, Orange County. William was a nephew of Stephen and Barnaby Bull, who emigrated to America in 1670, and was the progenitor of the Bull family of South Carolina. Edmund Bull was a son of James D. Bull and Nancy Rogers. James D. was a son of Chrisie Bull and Elizabeth Case. Chrisie was a son of John Bull and Hannah Holley. John was a son of William Bull and Sarah Wells. The marriage of William Bull and Sarah Wells was the first ceremony performed in the old town of Goshen. They made their home in a log house from 1719 until 1722, when they built the stone house which is still standing. A view of this old house appears on another page in this volume.

ISAIAH BUNN was born at North Church, N. J., July 22, 1808, and is one of six children, all living, of Obadiah Bunn and Hanna I. Wilson Bunn. He attended the district school, mostly in the winters, until he was twenty-two years of age, when he operated a threshing machine for four years. He then went to New York City, worked there a year, and went from there to Hamburgh, N. J., where he engaged in the bottling business. He came to Warwick in 1887, and started a small bottling plant. The business was so successful that he now has one of the most up-to-date bottling plants in this section of the State. He is the owner of a well producing the purest water for carbonated drinks, and is manager of the Spring Lake Ice Company. His wife was Miss Minnie Vanderhoff, of Warwick, and their children are Minnie and Howard, who are living at home. He is a member of Deckertown Lodge No. 98, F. & A. M.

E. R. BURROUGHS, president and manager of the Abendroth & Root Manufacturing Company, has resided in Newburgh since 1901, when the plant was moved from Greenpoint, N. Y., to this city. The factory buildings are distributed over twelve acres of land and have a total floor space of four acres, modern in every way, and thoroughly equipped for the work produced. The property has a frontage of 800 feet on the Hudson River, with deep water docking facilities. A private switch from the West Shore Railroad bisects the plant, enabling connections with the New York Central, the Erie and N. Y., N. H. and H. Railroads. Machinery utilizing 600 horse-power of Root water tube boilers are in operation. Among the departments are a gray iron and brass foundry, forge shops, boiler erecting department, spiral pipe mill, sheet iron, plate metal and drum shop. The company has recently placed on the market the Frontenac touring car, which ranks among the foremost makes of automobiles in this country. Branches are maintained in New York, Pittsburgh and Chicago.

W. J. BURROWS, son of Alexander and Jennette (Todd) Burrows, was born in New York City in 1856. When he was two years of age his parents removed to the town of Newburgh, and it was here he received his schooling. He then engaged in farming with Fenton Cosman, where he remained eight years and then purchased his present fruit farm of twenty-two acres. Mr. Burrows has been trustee of the Marlborough Presbyterian Church fifteen years, elder two years and superintendent of the Sunday-school two years. He is a member of Cronomer Valley Grange and has served as its secretary. He married Miss Nancy E. Morrow and five children have been born to them.

GRINNELL BURT was born in Bellvale, Orange County, N. Y., on November 7, 1822. He was a grandson of James Burt, who for twenty years was a prominent legislator of the State. An orphan at fourteen, he was thrown on his own resources. With unusual ability for mechanical construction, and a mind that quickly grasped all opportunities for developing the resources of the country, he became interested in railroad projects. Meanwhile his love for the law prompted a course of reading and study which proved of great value when corporate interests were committed to his charge.

With others he organized, in 1859, the Warwick Valley Railroad. The growing needs of the valley called for various extensions of the line. Mr. Burt's pluck and rare executive ability served his constituents well. By the last consolidation the road was merged into and known as the Lehigh & Hudson River Railway Company. He was its continuous and only president forty-two years, dying in office. He was identified with various projects for bridging the Hudson. His was the vision to project the Orange County Railroad--"the missing link"--between the West and Southwest and New England, via the Poughkeepsie Bridge. This dream of his old age he pushed through with indomitable energy, enduring many anxious hours in its consummation, but which to-day justifies all his sagacious commercial foresight. The record of this Warwick railroad, while under his care, was that it never had a strike, never was in the hands of a receiver, never defaulted in the payment of the interest on its bonds, and no passenger lost his life during Mr. Burt's long administration. He selected his subordinates with rare judgment. At his death the new president retained to a man the entire corps that had served under Mr. Burt. No better choice could be made.

The other roads he served for varying terms as director, reorganizer, superintendent or president, were the Pittsburgh & Western; Cincinnati, Van Wert & Michigan (now the Cincinnati, Jackson & Mackinaw); New Jersey Midland (now the New York, Susquehanna & Western); Kanawha & Ohio; New York & Greenwood Lake; Middletown, Unionville & Water Gap, which he brought out of its chaotic condition and placed on a sound footing, and the Toledo & Ohio Central, generally conceded to be one of the most successful reorganizations of a bankrupt company ever effected.

In 1875 Governor Tilden appointed him one of three commissioners to remove obstructions from the Delaware River. The commission served without pay, and after their work was thoroughly done a balance was returned to the State treasury--a result so unusual in the expenditure of public money that it excited no little comment.

No public work was ever dearer to Mr. Burt than the establishment of the Middletown State Homeopathic Hospital. Serving as chairman of the building committee he saved the State much money by his watchful care. He was appointed by Governor Dix on the first board of trustees of this noble institution, and gave twenty-seven years of ungrudging service; acting first as vice-president, he eventually became president for the eleven successive years before his death. All this he did amid the stress and strain of conflicting business cares in behalf of suffering humanity.

In Warwick his name was coincident with its progress. He was one of the agitators for incorporating it under a special charter; an incorporator of Warwick Institute, serving thirty-two consecutive years on the board of education; one of the founders of Christ Church; on the committee of three to bond the town to pay volunteers in the late rebellion; on the first board of trustees of the Warwick Cemetery Association, active in building the reservoir and water-works; on the first board of directors of the First National Bank, where he served as vice-president for fifteen years.

The American Trossachs trip, which he inaugurated, was one of his many-schemes to bring our valley's beauties into a wider recognition. This excursion as planned by him would challenge comparison for varied interest and charm with any one day's excursion taken in any part of the world. Mr. Burt also did much for the development of Greenwood Lake. The artistic station and his own stately home, both built under his direction and out of our native McAfee limestone, are evidence that Grinnell Burt was a man of taste and culture as well. If you would see his monument, look about you in the little village he so loyally loved and served.

In 1849 he married Miss Jane S. Van Duzer, daughter of Isaac Van Duzer, of Warwick, by whom he had one son and four daughters: Frank Howard, who died in infancy; Kate V. D., who married Charles Caldwell, of Newburgh; Lily, wife of Frederick Halstead, of Brooklyn; Jane, who died in 1903, and Mary Herrick Burt, who resides in the old homestead. Mrs. Burt died in 1870. In 1886 he married Miss Louise Pierson, daughter of Samuel V. Pierson, of Middletown, N. Y. By this marriage he had twin sons, Grinnell, Jr., and Howard Pierson. Mr. Burt died August 3, 1901.

Surely a few words of tribute should be added in honor of this man whose unfaltering honesty, ability and enthusiasm called to his side noble helpers and the capital necessary to carry out these difficult public works. Personally he was possessed of most genial social traits--to see him in his home was to see him at his best. Here he dispensed the widest hospitality. He held high national ideals free from party lines. He was capable of long hours of unremitting physical and mental toil. He did not waste his energy talking about things he would like to do--he did them. He was acknowledged to be a winning and witty public speaker, and, when occasion demanded, a formidable antagonist, as he was absolutely fearless and not to be shaken from his convictions; and yet being {?} so fair withal that his warmest personal friends were among those with whom he differed on many occasions. In every walk of life he was a man.

When death came it seemed only a momentary interruption and to point back triumphantly to his long and honorable life of service.

THOMAS BURT, of Warwick, was born January 5, 1821. Both of his parents died when he was about fifteen years of age. He then lived with his uncle, Thomas M. Burt, in Albany, who sent him to an academy for one year. The next year he was employed in the printing office of Packer and Van Benthuysen. The next three years, he was employed in farming in central Ohio. In 1841 he returned to his native place, Bellvale, and soon after bought his father's farm and sawmill, which he operated until 1868, when he moved to his farm in Warwick, where he now lives. In 1846, he married Hannah Sayer, and lived a married life with her over fifty-four years. His surviving children are Elizabeth, Lydia, Annie, and Mrs. Vernon B. Carroll.

The next seven years he was in the lumber and coal business in the firm of Taylor, Burt and Pierson. In 1876 he organized the Warwick Savings Bank and has served as secretary and treasurer to the present time. As secretary and treasurer of the Warwick Cemetery Association he has had the care of its records and funds for twenty-six years. He was one of the commissioners who introduced public water into the village. He has served as trustee in the district school, academy, and Union Free School for many years, and as executor and administrator of estates and of trust funds.

He is independent in politics, has never held public office, has supported free soil, anti-slavery, and republican candidates, as well as Grover Cleveland.

FRANK V. BURTON--Among the many private residences which grace the banks of the Hudson River at Balmville, none is more imposing in appearance than "Woodbine," the beautiful summer home of Mr. Frank V. Burton, located on Big Hill on the river road. In 1850 Mr. Josiah H. Burton, who is now in his eighty-second year and father of the present owner, purchased a tract of land of about one hundred acres and resided in a handsome home nearer the river than the present mansion is situated. The property was afterward purchased by his son, Frank V., who in 1895 constructed his present ideal residence. The building is a three-story structure, 125 by 40 feet in dimensions and of Normandy style of architecture, with a covered piazza extending the whole length of the east side. The residence is surrounded by spacious lawns, filled with the choicest flowers and ornamental shrubs, while the river view from the house is one of the most magnificent to be found in the country, extending a distance of ten miles.

GILLMORE O. BUSH, who has held various public offices in what is now the town of Tuxedo, was born at Arden, Orange County, in 1863. After attending the district and parish schools he took a commercial course at the Paterson Business College. Mr. Bush then spent five years in Connecticut, and in 1886 came to Tuxedo Park and was appointed a member of the newly organized police force. After serving four years as patrolman he was promoted to chief of the department, which position he still retains. He has been deputy sheriff of the county of Orange since 1886. In 1899 Mr. Bush received the appointment of postmaster at Tuxedo Park and was reappointed in 1904. He has acted as assistant chief of the fire department since 1901. He is a charter member of Lorillard Lodge, F. and A. M.

Mr. Bush is a son of James S. and Eliza J. (Minerly) Bush, old residents of Orange County.

HORACE G. BUSH, son of Peter B. and Harriet (Ford) Bush, was born in the town of Monroe, Orange County, N. Y., March 13, 1863, on the farm where he has always resided. The Bush family have long been prominent in the affairs of Orange County and in 1905 Horace G. was elected a member of the board of supervisors. Socially he is identified with the Masonic fraternity. He married Mary F. Smith, and two sons, Peter and Horace S., have been born to them.

The early representatives of the Bush family emigrated from Holland. Henry, the great-grandfather of Horace G., was a native of Orange County. He was the father of five sons, of whom Peter H., by his marriage to Abigail Smith, became the father of Peter B., referred to above.

CHARLES CALDWELL was born in the town of New Windsor, March 31, 1839, the son of John R. and Ruth Nicoll Caldwell, and grandson of Richard Caldwell, the Irish patriot.

After graduating from Albert Roe's School of Surveying and Civil Engineering at Cornwall, Mr. Caldwell opened an office in Newburgh, and in 1863 was appointed corporation surveyor, and later was annually appointed city surveyor, holding the office for nearly forty years. He was known to be a republican in politics, having no influence with democratic mayors or boards of aldermen.

Mr. Caldwell laid out all the streets of Newburgh opened since 1867, planned and superintended the building of twenty miles of sewers, laying the twenty-four-inch conduit from Washington Lake and building the large stone arch bridge spanning Quassaick Creek.

Mr. Caldwell's reputation as an expert surveyor and engineer was well known throughout the State, and his services in important and complicated surveys were always in demand, especially where suits were brought before the court for decision. He planned and superintended the building of the dams and water-works of Goshen and Warwick, building the large stone skew arch bridge at Wappingers Falls; was in 1876 engineer in charge of the work done by the State in removing obstructions from the Delaware River; did much careful work at the Hudson River, Matteawan and Long Island State Hospitals, did the grading and designed and constructed the water supply system for the State Camp Ground at Peekskill.

He was also for many years chief engineer of the Lehigh and Hudson River Railroad. He was a trustee of the Newburgh Savings Bank, vice-president of the Woodlawn Cemetery and Historical Society, and a vestryman of St. George's Church.

Mr. Caldwell was the generous promoter of every public and philanthropic work undertaken in his home city, a genial, lovable man who made friends wherever he traveled. Being himself absolutely incorruptible, he was intolerant of any dishonesty or unfaithfulness in others, particularly in the discharge of public trusts.

In 1874, Mr. Caldwell married Miss Kate Van Duzer Burt, daughter of Grinnell Burt, of Warwick, N. Y.

For twenty-eight years he was associated in business with Mr. Everett Garrison.

Mr. Caldwell died May 8, 1902.

DANIEL G. CAMERON, lumber merchant, Newburgh, N. Y., is a son of the late William T. Cameron, who for a quarter of a century was engaged in the lumber trade in that city under the firm name of Cameron & Sloat, established in 1866. Daniel G. entered the employ of his father's firm and upon the retirement of Mr. Sloat was entrusted with the management, becoming proprietor at his father's death in 1899.

Kenneth M. Cameron is associated with his father in this business.

FRANK H. CAMPBELL was a man of honored lineage; he was the only son of William and Grace Hamlinton Campbell, and was born in Vernon, N. J., February 9, 1850. He was educated at the Newton Collegiate Institute and a private military school in Poughkeepsie. He married Miss Emma Jayne, only daughter of Lewis Jayne, of Florida, Orange County. Mr. Campbell was one of the largest farmers of the county. He owned and controlled ten farms, aggregating twenty-five hundred acres, in the town of Warwick and northern New Jersey. He was long a buyer of cattle for dairy purposes, and was at times in the mercantile and feed business. More recently he was engaged in a wholesale milk business in New York, in which he received the products of eight creameries. He was a director of the First National Bank of Warwick, and the board paid him a high tribute as a citizen and business man after his death. He was an ardent sportsman, making hunting trips annually to the Adirondacks, or Maine woods. He was an active Mason, in politics a democrat, and in local improvements a zealous helper.

Mr. and Mrs. Campbell had three children--Lewis Jayne, Grace Hamlinton and Frances Edith. When Mr. Campbell died the son was in the Philippines, having enlisted in the United States Army.

PETER CANTLINE, a prominent young attorney of Newburgh, N. Y., was born in that city, November 8, 1882. After graduating from the Newburgh Academy in 1900, he entered the law office of Hon. A. H. F. Seeger, where he pursued his professional studies and was admitted to the bar in May, 1904.

Mr. Cantline served as special deputy county clerk in 1904 and 1905. Socially he is a member of the Masonic fraternity, St. George's Church and the Wheelmen's Club of Newburgh.

GEORGE WICKHAM CARPENTER was born January 15, 1847, and resides on the homestead farm, which has been in the possession of the family since 1764. His parents were Oliver R. and Phoebe J. Carpenter; of their seven children George Wickham was the eldest. He was educated in the Middletown High School and Academy, a private school and the Fort Edward Institute. He married Hattie Bennett, of Middletown, in 1882, and both are members of the First Congregational Church of Middletown. In politics Mr. Carpenter is a democrat, but never aspired to office.

GILBERT CARPENTER, a progressive citizen of Monroe, was born here in 1850. In 1867 he was a member of the grain, feed and coal firm of Carpenter, Webb & Company, which was later merged into the firm of Carpenter Brothers. Since the death of his brother William, in 1877, Mr. Carpenter has continued the business alone. He is a director of the National Bank of Monroe, trustee of the Dairy Association and trustee of the school board. Mr. Carpenter has always taken an active part in matters pertaining to the welfare and progress of his native place. His energy and foresight as president of the board of water commissioners during the construction of the plant has furnished to Monroe a water system that is un-excelled. He organized the first telephone system in the village and his son Louis erected the line. Mr. Carpenter married Irene, daughter of John K. Roe, and three sons and one daughter have been born to them, of whom Lewis R. is cashier of the Monroe Bank. He is a son of Dr. Ethan B. Carpenter, who served as member of Assembly in 1853.

SOLOMON CARPENTER--In 1714 Solomon Carpenter, one of the pioneers of Orange County, settled at Goshen on Main street, at the intersection of the Newburgh and Montgomery roads, which became known as Carpenter's Corners, and is now called Johnson's Corners. He was one of the company who bought the Minisink patent from England. He was made captain of the Goshen Colonial Militia in 1724 and was afterward made colonel. His royal commissions are still retained by his descendants. The old colonial house at Carpenter's Corners was built about 1724 and was remodeled by James Carpenter before the Revolutionary War. The property has remained in the family ever since. Jeromus Johnson, brother of General Jeremiah Johnson, of Long Island, married Mary Carpenter in 1802. The property has descended to its present owner, Mary E. Johnson, who married Seymour S. Peloubet, a law book publisher, of New York. The house contains some fine old mahogany furniture, which was brought from England in colonial times in sailing vessels owned by James Carpenter. These vessels sailed from Newburgh to all parts of the world, bringing wine and spices from Spain and the islands of the Mediterranean Sea; cloth, dishes and furniture from England, and molasses and sugar from the West Indies.

Nehemiah Carpenter, a son of Solomon, was quartermaster in the 5th Brigade, New York State, during the Revolutionary War. He was at the siege of Yorktown and his letters, written just before the battle, are now in possession of the family. After the war, because of ill-health, he went to the West Indies on one of his brother's ships and has left a very interesting diary of his journey.

James W. Carpenter, son of James Carpenter, was major in the War of 1812, and S. S. Peloubet, who now lives in the old home, was in the Civil War.

FRED C. CARY--Isaac Cary, the father of Fred C. was a descendant of John Cary, who came from Somerset, England, in 1634, and joined the Plymouth Colony, was born in Mendham, N. J., March 22, 1823, and died October 13, 1893. He was educated in the district school, the Fairchild Private School and later took a course in the Medical Department of Harvard College, from which he graduated. He practiced medicine in Brooklyn for some time, removing from there to Warwick, Orange County, in 1853, where he became one of its leading physicians and continued his professional practice until his death. He was a member of the Reformed Dutch Church, and in politics a democrat. He was a member of Warwick Lodge No. 544, F. & A. M. He married Harriet Roe, of Warwick, in 1854. Their children were a daughter, who died in infancy, and two sons--Frank W. and Fred C. The former is in the office of the N. Y. C. & H. R. Railroad in New York.

Fred C. Cary, the younger son of Dr. Isaac Cary, is a resident of Warwick, and prominent in its business and public affairs. He was educated in Warwick and a few weeks before the graduation of his class in Warwick Institute was offered a clerkship in the First National Bank of Warwick. This was in 1881, and he was then only sixteen years of age. His faithfulness and ability in the bank are attested by the facts that in 1890, at the age of twenty-five, he was made its cashier, and later one of its directors, which office he still holds to the satisfaction of business associates and bank patrons. The year that he was promoted to cashier he was also appointed clerk of the village and clerk of the water-works, and these positions he has continuously retained. He has been a member of Warwick's board of education several years and served as president two years, and is a director in the Warwick Valley Telephone Company and the Warwick, Monroe and Chester Building and Loan Association.

ADELBERT L. CASE--Plattsburgh, Erie County, N. Y., February 3, 1877, were the place and time of Mr. Case's birth. His parents were Dell and Sarah J. Case, and they had one other child, Pearl. A part of the son's education was obtained in the Franklin Institute in Delaware County. For some years he assisted his father in his hotel, and then engaged in the restaurant business in Greenville, Pa. He has been landlord of the Burnside Inn near Burnside, Orange County, since July 2, 1904. He is a zealous and active democrat, a member of the B. P. O. E. No. 145, of Greenville, Pa., and of No. 805 Chenango F. O. Eagles, of the same place. He is a lover of good horses and is owner of Fleetwood, No. 37,907, trial 2:30, when two years old, and of Baron Sturdy. Mr. Case is a Methodist and his wife an Episcopalian. He married, at East Sidney, Delaware County, February 28, 1903, Miss Jennie A. Floyd. Their son, Howard L., is two years of age.

WILLIAM F. CASSEDY, attorney, was born in Newburgh. N. Y.. October 4, 1862; he graduated from the Newburgh Academy in 1880; graduate of Cornell University in 1884; entered law office of A. S. Cassedy in the same year, and was admitted to the bar in 1886. January, 1887, he became a member of the firm of A. S. and W. F. Cassedy, which continued until the death of A. S. Cassedy, April 29, 1896. Formed partnership with Hon. Charles F. Brown, ex-justice Supreme Court, under firm name of Brown & Cassedy, January, 1897, which partnership is now existing. Mr. Cassedy is local counsel for the West Shore Division N. Y. C. &. H. R. R. Co. He is a director of the Quassaick National Bank of Newburgh; a trustee of the Newburgh Savings Bank; of Washington's Headquarters and Cedar Hill Cemetery Association; member of the Historical Society of Newburgh Bay and the Highlands; member of vestry of St. George's Church; ex-president and now director and vice-president of the Powelton Club; director of Newburgh City Club; non-resident member of the University and Transportation Clubs, New York City. Mr. Cassedy married Miss Frances M., daughter of James A. Townsend. They have two children--J. Townsend and William F., Jr.

CHARLES E. CASTERLIN was born at Rockport, Sussex County, N. J., May 25, 1854, and received his schooling at Unionville, Orange County, where his parents lived many years. About 1875 he went to Middletown and worked two years in the dry goods store of B. C. Woodward & Co., removing to Little Falls, Passaic County, N. J., where he clerked in a grocery store, after which he conducted a grocery of his own until 1888, when he returned to Unionville and managed the Minisink Hotel two years. While in Little Falls he served as town clerk for five terms. He purchased the American House at High Bridge, N. J., remained there one and a half years, and in October, 1893, returned to Orange County and purchased the Aspell Hotel in Florida, which he still operates, and which is said to be the oldest hotel in Orange County. He is a member of Star Lodge No. 113, K. of P., of Clinton, N. J., and of Shabbekong Tribe No. 46, of Junction, N. J.

January 14, 1880, he married Mary E. Kellogg, of Little Falls. Of their three children one only is living--Harold M., born October 15, 1887.

Richard Casterlin, his father, was born at Rockport, N. J., August 10, 1828, conducted a large wagon shop at Unionville, N. Y., and in 1874 opened the Minisink Hotel, which he still conducts. His mother, whose maiden name was Mahala Rogers, was born in Rockport, June 7, 1830. They had five children, three of whom are dead. The father is living in Butler, N. J., with his other son, Fred, who conducts a hotel.

R. HARRY CATHCART, JR., president and treasurer of the Yuess Gardens Company, was born in Newburgh, N. Y., in 1884. After graduating from the Newburgh Academy he attended the Wilson Preparatory School and graduated from the University of Pennsylvania in 1907 with the degree of B. S. C. Mr. Cathcart is a member of Delta Upsilon Fraternity and of the Blue Lodge, Chapter, Consistory and Mecca Temple of the Masonic Order; Lawson Hose Company No. 5; Company E, First Regiment; Atena Boat Club.

The greenhouses of the Yuess Gardens Company have a glass roofage of some 35,000 square feet and are the most pretentious in Orange County.

JOSEPH CHADWICK, manufacturer and bank president, Newburgh, N. Y., born Heywood, Lancashire, England, October 24, 1841; educated at Townhead, Rochdale, Lancashire. He acquired a practical knowledge of the present business in Manchester and at his father's cotton spinning mill at Rochdale. In 1865 he came to America and secured a position with the Boiling Spring Bleaching, Dyeing & Finishing Company, Rutherford, N. J., and soon afterward arranged for a lease of the concern and was in charge of the plant from 1868 to 1878. He was identified with educational, church and public affairs of the community. In 1871 the site of the Newburgh Bleachery was purchased by the Messrs. Chadwick and the present buildings successively appeared, which are among the largest and best equipped of the kind in the country, bleaching and finishing the finest cotton fabrics made. Mr. Chadwick is president of the company and head of the firm of Joseph Chadwick & Sons.

Mr. Chadwick has been a resident of Newburgh since 1878, occupying a prominent position in business and social circles; for many years a trustee and vice-president of the Newburgh Savings Bank. He was elected president of that institution in 1906. Member of the Merchants' Club of New York and the Powelton and Wheelmen's Club of Newburgh, and one of the incorporators of the Newburgh City Club. Mr. Chadwick married Margaret, daughter of William Smith, of Manchester, England, a prominent bleacher, dyer and finisher of cotton goods. Four sons and one daughter have been born to them.

GEORGE W. CHRISTIE was born on a farm near Unionville, October 17, 1836, and died at his home at Pine Island, April 19, 1907. His early education was obtained in district and private schools, and he assisted his father on the farm until he was twenty-eight, being one of eleven children born to Samuel and Jane Elston Christie. He conducted a summer hotel at Rutherford, N. J., and afterward became manager of creameries at Unionville, Slate Hill and New Milford. He continued in this service eight years when, his health becoming impaired, in 1885 he purchased a farm at Pine Island, where he lived the remaining twenty-three years of his life. He was a member of the Presbyterian Church of Amity. In politics he was a republican. He was married to Miss Elizabeth Kelly, of Port Jervis, November 15, 1865. Their two children are Sarah Adele, born August 19, 1872, and Samuel Hayne, born March 20, 1874. Samuel's education, after he left the district school, was obtained in the Peddie Institute, of Heightstown, N. J., Eastman's Business College at Poughkeepsie, from which he graduated, and the New York Law School, where he studied two years. He was also in Judge John J. Beattie's office at Warwick one year. He was admitted to the bar in 1900, and practiced law in New York City two years.

CLARK BROTHERS, general merchants at Thompson's Ridge, town of Crawford, purchased in 1897 the business of J. Erskine Ward. In addition to a general store they are also dealers in coal and feed. The firm is composed of Theodore G. and George H. Clark, sons of Joseph H. and Mary (Hunter) Clark.

Joseph Clark was for many years actively identified with local affairs, holding the office of town clerk and justice of the peace. His father, Ira Clark, married Eliza Barkley. He taught school for a time at Searsville, and then purchased the farm which became the family homestead. For thirteen years he was superintendent of schools. He also held the office of town clerk and served as justice of the peace. Religiously he was a member of the Presbyterian Church, and for years was a trustee of the same. His death occurred in 1883, in his eighty-sixth year.

H. N. CLARK, who is a native of Cornwall and has been engaged in the retail drug trade in that village since 1877, is one of its most substantial and honored citizens. He purchased the business from Clark and Vail, who established the store in 1870. Mr. Clark has for many years been prominently identified with public affairs in Cornwall. He has served as treasurer of the village since 1885 and is also treasurer of the school board. He is one of the trustees of Cornwall Savings Bank. Socially he is connected with the Knights of Pythias.

HULET D. CLARK, for many years a progressive farmer and representative business man of the town of Minisink, was born in Sussex County, N. J., in 1835 and died April 2, 1897.

In 1860 he purchased a farm in Mount Hope, and six years later bought one hundred and fifteen acres in the town of Minisink, near Westtown, where he resided to the time of his death. In 1885 his son, Clarence, established a flour and feed store in the village of Johnson under the firm name of C. G. Clark & Co. The venture proved successful and branches were started at Unionville, Slate Hill and Westtown.

In 1867 Mr. Clark married Margaret, daughter of James G. Swartwout, of Port Jervis, a direct descendant of Roeloff Swartwout, who came from Holland and settled at Kingston, N. Y., in 1655. Five children were born, of whom Clarence G. was the third in order of birth. He resides in Westtown, conducting an extensive flour, feed and coal business, in addition to a three-hundred-acre farm. He married Mary, daughter of H. Reeves Horton. They are the parents of two children, Hulet D. and Julia K.

JAMES ALONZO CLARK was born March 26, 1845, at Middletown, Orange County. His early education was acquired at the public school and at the age of fifteen he began his business career by clerking for Alexander Wilson, of Middletown, remaining there two years. In June, 1862, he became clerk in the hardware store of Scott Brothers, remaining with this concern through various changes until he became a member of the firm in 1879. The firm at that period was Vail, Brink & Clark. In 1884 the senior member of the firm sold out and the firm then became Brink & Clark, which name it has since retained. He married Mrs. Emma (Cole) Dunning in 1887. One child was born to this union, Mildred Murray, born October 23, 1888. Mr. Clark is a member of Hoffman Lodge No. 412, F. & A. M.; Midland Chapter, R. A. M.; Cyprus Commandery No. 67, and the Knights of Pythias. He takes an interest in the Sons of the Revolution and is identified with the Middletown Savings Bank as trustee. Since 1865 he has been connected with the Excelsior Hook and Ladder Company, of Middletown.

ROBERT H. CLARK, supervisor of the town of Minisink, was born near Westtown. He is a son of Hon. William Harvey and Emily A. (Robertson) Clark. He has always engaged in the management of his farm of one hundred and sixty-seven acres. Politically he is a firm believer in the principles of the democratic party. His first public office was that of postmaster, during Cleveland's second term. He was elected supervisor in 1903, re-elected in 1905 and again in 1907. Socially Mr. Clark is a member of the Masonic fraternity and Minisink Grange.

William H. Clark, father of our subject, was born in 1829 and died in 1907. He represented the Second District of Orange County in the New York Legislature in 1881-82. He was supervisor of the town of Minisink a number of terms and chairman of the board in 1876. He was one of the incorporators of the Middletown, Unionville and Water Gap Railroad, and held the office of treasurer many years. He also served twelve years as trustee of the Middletown Asylum and was prominently identified with public and business affairs of his native town and county, enjoying the highest esteem and confidence of his fellow citizens.

WILLARD M. CLARK, supervisor of the town of Wallkill, was born at Salem, N. J., August 23, 1861. Shortly after his birth his father removed to Greenville, Orange County, and in the district schools of that town Willard received his early educational training. He later attended the Albany Normal College, from which he was graduated in 1884. Mr. Clark has taught school continuously since 1880, and served six years as school commissioner, following his election to that office in 1890. Mr. Clark also owns and conducts a farm on the state road near Middletown, to which he removed in 1890, coming from Greenville. He was elected a member of the county board of supervisors in the fall of 1907. He married Mamie Clark, of Greenville, and they have a daughter, Ethel. William L. Clark, the father of our subject, was prominent in the social and political life of Greenville. He served as county supervisor for fourteen years and for many years as town clerk.

HENRY P. CLAUSON, who for a quarter of a century has been prominently identified with public affairs in Orange County, was born in New Jersey in 1842. He came to Newburgh in 1868 and located on a farm a few miles northwest of that city, where he has achieved much success in dairying and fruit growing, his farm lands covering over three hundred and fifty acres.

Firmly believing in the principles of the democratic party, Mr. Clauson was elected supervisor of the town of Newburgh in 1878, and re-elected in 1879 and 1880. In 1885 he was elected to the office of sheriff, serving through the years 1886, 1887 and 1888. In the latter year he was a delegate to the national democratic convention at St. Louis, which nominated Grover Cleveland. In 1900 Mr. Clauson was again elected supervisor, serving continuously until 1906. In 1907 he received the democratic nomination for the office of county treasurer.

Mr. Clauson married Miss Mary E. Monell. They have three children living: John, Charlotte (now the wife of V. J. Kohl) and Harry.

ISAAC COCHRAN, son of Alexander and Margaret (Greery) Cochran, was born in the town of Newburgh, October 29, 1823. He was educated in the schools and academy of Newburgh. In 1839 he accompanied his parents to New York City and engaged with his father in a grocery and tea business on Broadway and Twenty-first street, where he remained until 1860. He then embarked in the manufacture of carriages in New York, where for a number of years he carried on a successful business. In 1866 he returned to Newburgh and settled on a farm adjoining the place of his birth. In 1887 he removed to his present home, corner of Powell avenue and North street, where he lives in comparative retirement. Mr. Cochran assisted in the organization of the Columbus Trust Company in 1892, of which he has since been a director. In 1850 Mr. Cochran married Miss Rachel Sommerville. She died in 1891. Seven children blessed this union. Mr. Cochran has been an elder in the Reformed Presbyterian Church since 1868 and has served as superintendent of the Sunday-school over thirty years.

CHARLES C. COCKS, senior member of the grocery firm of C. E. Cocks Sons, was born in Cornwall, N. Y., where he has always resided. He is a son of Charles E. and Margaret (Campbell) Cocks, natives of the town of Monroe, Orange County. The business was established by his father at Cornwall Landing in 1850, and our subject has been interested in it since 1870. In 1900 he and his brother, Isaac M., succeeded to the business. Mr. Cocks has served as trustee of the village and school boards and is a director of the Cornwall Savings Bank, of which his father was the president for many years. He is also vice-president of the Cornwall Realty and Improvement Company.

WILLIAM HENRY CODDINGTON was born in Ulsterville, Ulster County, N. Y., June 15, 1872, and was one of five children, whose parents were William Henry and Susan Coddington. After attending the district school he assisted his father on the farm and was engaged at blacksmithing for six months. In 1893 he became connected with the New York Condensed Milk Company, now known as the Borden Condensed Milk Company, and was gradually promoted from the position of helper to foreman, at Johnsons, N. Y. In 1905 he was transferred to the Burnside Creamery and is now its superintendent. In politics he is a democrat and is a member of the Jr. O. U. A. M., of Middletown. He married Miss Delia Louise Bennett, of South Centerville, June 26, 1901, and they have three children, Frank M., Florence Elizabeth, and Ralph B. Mrs. Coddington is a member of the Presbyterian Church, of South Centerville.

THOMAS COLDWELL, who at the time of his death in 1905 was the oldest manufacturer of Lawn Mowers in America, was born in Staleybridge, Lancashire, England, in 1838, and came to this country at a very early age. His first employment was with John and William Rothery, who operated a file shop in Matteawan, N. Y. He was later employed by H. W. Swift, who had a machine shop at Wiccapee, in the town of Fishkill, and who was experimenting in the manufacture of lawn mowers fashioned after Budding's grass cutters manufactured in England. Mr. Coldwell, who was endowed with genius for invention, actually made the first lawn mower produced by Mr. Swift. He became associated with Mr. George L. Chadborn, who was also in the employ of Mr. Swift, and in 1868 Mr. Coldwell, with the assistance of Mr. Chadborn, invented a new lawn mower, resulting in the formation of the Chadborn & Coldwell Mfg. Co., at Newburgh, N. Y., with Mr. Coldwell as president, which continued until 1891, when Mr. Coldwell organized the Coldwell Lawn Mower Co., mention of which appears elsewhere in this work. Suffice it to say that their daily output approximates seven hundred complete mowers for each working day in the year and it is the largest plant in the world devoted to the manufacture of these machines.

In this connection it is interesting to note briefly the history of lawn mowers. There is some doubt who was the original inventor. An old document has been found in the United States Patent Office, dated 1825, which shows that one James Ten Eyk, of Bridgewater, N. J., invented a mowing machine. It was simple, having a box like a wagon box, with the forward end open, furnished with two shafts, one at the front end, on which were placed the revolving cutters, and the other above the center of the box on which were the driving wheels, and on which the box was hung. The driving shaft had on it two drive pulleys corresponding with two smaller ones on the cutter shaft and the two were connected by means of two rope belts. It was a revolving-cutter field mower, and is the first revolving cutter of which any record can be found, but the inventor did not claim that it was a lawn mower. The next authentic record of a revolving-cutter mower was one invented by Edwin Budding, of Stroud, Gloucestershire, England. Budding was born near Stroud in 1796. He was evidently an inventor, draftsman and mechanic of considerable ability. He invented the Budding wrench and various machines for use in the manufacture of woolen cloth. He was superintendent for the late George Lister, a manufacturer of Dursley, England. P. A. Lister (son of George), who succeeded his father (and from whom many of these facts regarding Budding emanate), stated that there was no doubt but that Budding took the idea of the lawn mower from a cloth clipping machine. He was granted a patent for his new invention, dated October 25, 1830, and a circular owned by Mr. Budding's daughter, dated 1830, shows that he sold three sizes of lawn mowers, manufactured by John Farrabee near Stroud. These facts leave no doubt that to Budding belongs the credit of producing the first lawn mower.

Previous to 1855 probably all lawn mowers used in America were of English make. A few years prior to this Mr. H. W. Sargent, of Fishkill, received a mower from England and sent it to Mr. Swift to be repaired, and it was upon Mr. Sargent's suggestion that Mr. Swift began the manufacture of these machines. His circular, dated 1835, states that he made four sizes ranging in price from $30 to $80. For a number of years Mr. Swift had a monopoly of the lawn mower trade in this country.

About 1868 the Hills Lawn Mower Co. was started in Hartford, Conn. They made the Archimedian Mower. It was the first machine made with only two revolving cutter blades, and sold for $45. Other manufacturers were Graham, Emlen & Passmore, of Philadelphia, who produced the first side-wheel mower. In 1885 some patents on the best mowers expired and many small manufacturers sprang up in all parts of the country, who have contented themselves by making the cheaper grades. A few lawn mowers are made in Canada, Germany and France, but the United States produces four-fifths of all lawn mowers made in the world, and they are exported to every part of the globe.

The business established by Thomas Coldwell is now continued by his two sons, William H. and Harry T., both of whom were brought up in the lawn mower business by their father. He is also survived by a widow and daughter, the latter the wife of Mr. E. C. Ross, who is associated with the Coldwell Brothers in the lawn mower industry.

GALEN COLEMAN was born near Mount Hope, Orange County, N. Y., December 31, 1859. His parents were Alfred and Catherine Coleman. His education was obtained at Mount Hope, and at an early age he learned the trade of blacksmith, which he followed some time. He removed to Middletown, and learned the machinist trade, which business he has since followed. He married Mary Alice Coleman, of Wantage, N. J., who was born March 19, 1852. Their marriage occurred at Spartanburg, S. C., January 7, 1880. Their one child, Frank Edson, was born August 29, 1882. He married Eva M. Birtwistle, of Middletown, June 5, 1907. Father and son are independent in politics and members of Lodge No. 169, K. of P., of Middletown.

WILLIAM M. COLLARD was born in the town of Warwick, Orange County, N. Y., August 14, 1857. His father was Jerome and mother Mary E. (Hallock) Collard. The subject of this sketch attended the district school at Greenwood Lake, and afterward worked on his father's farm. He learned the carpenter's trade, which he followed for ten years. He was married to Mary E. Robets, of Bull's Mills, in 1879. Socially, he is a member of Wallkill Grange, and Protective Home Circle. He was previously a member of the Maccabees. He is a democrat, taking an active interest in local politics. Mr. Collard has been in the grocery business for some years. He owns two hundred acres of land near Greenwood Lake, and recently there has been discovered a fine grade of mica on his farm, which has been leased to parties, who have commenced operating the mines.

EDWARD J. COLLINS, attorney of Newburgh, was born in Port Jervis, N. Y., 1876. He was educated at Port Jervis Academy and the law department of Cornell University, from which he graduated in 1898. Then he entered the law office of Hon. A. H. F. Seeger, and was admitted to the bar in 1899. In November, 1905, Mr. Collins was elected on the republican ticket member of the common council, of which he was later president. Mr. Collins is a member of various social and fraternal organizations, including the City and Powelton Clubs and New York State Bar Association.

H. D. COMFORT, manufacturer of ice cream at Newburgh, was born in the town of Crawford, Orange County, N. Y., and is a son of the late Daniel H. Comfort. Mr. Comfort was formerly engaged in the creamery and ice cream business in New York City, and in 1900 established his business in Newburgh, in which he has been very successful. His plant is located on an acre and a half of ground on South street near West street, and covers an area of 170 by 75 feet. Steam and electric power are utilized, and machines with a capacity of forty quarts of ice cream every six minutes are in operation. A plant on Robinson avenue is operated during the winter months. Mr. Comfort gives employment to ten men and his product finds a ready market throughout the Hudson Valley. Socially he is identified with the F. and A. M. He was united in marriage to Miss Mary Schaefer, daughter of Jacob Schaefer, of Montgomery, N. Y. Two boys and two girls have been born to them. J. Edmund is engaged in business with his father.

DANIEL G. COMINGS, of Middletown, was born May 17, 1850, in Sussex County, N. J. His parents were Gilman Taylor and Rhoda (Worthington) Comings. To this union were born six children, two of whom are living, Daniel G. and Mrs. Elvira La Forge, who resides at Metuchen, N. J. Daniel attended the district school, where he acquired his education. When he was thirteen years of age he commenced working on a farm until he was twenty-one years old. He then learned the millwright trade, which he followed for twenty-two years. In November, 1878, he removed to Orange County, locating at Middletown, and followed his trade, also engaging in the wholesale and retail ice business and retail coal business, which he has conducted for sixteen years. He married Louisa C. Smith, of Newark, N. J., July 9, 1884. Their four children are Mary Viola, Bertha L., Florence A. and William D. Bertha is a pupil at the Oswego Normal School; the others reside at home. In politics Mr. Comings is a prohibitionist and he and his wife are members of St. Paul's Methodist Church at Middletown, N. Y.

THOMAS CONDON, who for many years has been identified with the public affairs of Walden, was born in the town of Montgomery in 1865. He attended the schools of his native place and has been a resident of Walden thirty years, during which time he has served as assessor of the town of Montgomery seven years, assessor of the village three years, trustee six years, and president of the village in 1902, under the old charter by appointment of the board of trustees. He was elected to this office in 1906, and re-elected without opposition in 1907. He is a member of the Red Men, Foresters of America and Elks. Mr. Condon is regarded as a faithful official and public-spirited citizen.

GEORGE RENSSELAER CONKLIN, one of Orange County's representative citizens and merchants, residing at Monroe, N. Y., was born in this town in 1843, a son of Rensselaer C. and Mary E. (Howzer) Conklin. After finishing his studies Mr. Conklin went to New York in 1860, where he was engaged in business until 1865. He then spent two years in the Lake Superior iron district, and in 1868 returned to Monroe and has been engaged mainly in the coal and feed business. He is senior partner in the firms of Conklin & Roe, of Chester; Conklin & Cummins, of Goshen; Conklin & Strong, of Warwick; Paddleford & Co., of Monroe, and C. T. Nott, of Vernon, N. J. He is president of the Groves Product Company, of Jersey City; president of the Monroe Lake Realty Company, secretary of the Warwick, Monroe and Chester Building and Loan Association, and a director of the Highland Telephone Company. Mr. Conklin has served as a member of the Monroe board of education for some twenty years. Socially he is identified with the Masonic fraternity. He has been twice married, his first wife being Miss Isabella Roberts, whom he married in 1869. In 1885 he chose for his second wife Miss Mary E., daughter of the late Chauncey B. Knight. By his enterprise and energy Mr. Conklin has achieved a large measure of financial success and, coupled with a genial disposition, he retains the highest esteem of his fellow-citizens.

MILTON C. CONNER, M.D., was born on a farm near Scotchtown, town of Wallkill, September 6, 1853. He attended the Wallkill Academy at Middletown, and then entered the Fort Edward Institute, and later was a student in the Caze-novia Seminary, spending two years in each institution. Meantime he taught school at Fort Ann, N. Y. Dr. Conner entered the Detroit Medical College, remaining there two years, after which he became a student in the College of Physicians and Surgeons of New York City, and graduated in 1883 with the degree of M.D. Shortly afterwards he opened an office in Middletown, N. Y., where he has since resided. He is a member of the State and County Medical Society and has been a member for the past eighteen years of the American Medical Association. He is a member of Hoffman Lodge No. 412, F. and A. M., of Middletown, and Midland Chapter No. 240, R. A. M. In politics he is a republican. Dr. Conner was united in marriage with Miss Frances Adelaide Cox, of Middletown.

MATHIEW GRANT COOPER was born February 4, 1865, at Glenwood, N. J., and, after his district school education, followed the occupation of farming six years, after which he engaged in the meat business for eight years. He then worked at Franklin Furnace, N. J., two years. He returned to Eden Station, Orange County, in 1900, and was engaged at the Empire State Dairy Company three years, and three years more for the Haynes Milk Company. The latter was absorbed by the Borden Company, when Mr. Cooper was appointed superintendent, and has continued in the position since. His wife's maiden name was Clara (Van Sickle) Slaughter, of Eden, and they were married December 14, 1904. Their one child is Gerald Frank, born June 29, 1905. Mr. Cooper is a member of Minisink Council No. 53, Jr. O. U. A. M.

PROFESSOR SANFORD A. CORTRIGHT, of Westtown, N. Y., was born in the town of Greenville, Orange County, in 1858. He is a son of Alfred and Margaret (Elston) Cortright. He attended the district schools of his native town, which was supplemented by four years of private tutoring. He graduated from the Albany Normal School and has been engaged in educational work twenty-four years. He has been principal of the Westtown school since 1890. Professor Cortright is a member of the Odd Fellows, the Junior Order of American Mechanics and the Minisink Grange. In 1893 he was united in marriage with Miss Emma, daughter of Rensselaer and Rachael (Weygant) McKelvey. One child, Alfred, has blessed this union.

JOHN B. CORWIN, attorney of Newburgh, was born at Middletown, N. Y., February 3, 1876, and removed from there to the Corwin homestead, Balmville, in 1884. He graduated from the Newburgh Academy in 1892, supplemented with a course at the Spencerian Business College. Mr. Corwin read law with the late L. W. Y. McCroskery for two years, and in 1896 entered the office of the late L. S. Sterrit. He was admitted to the bar in 1897. He has also been admitted to practice in the Federal Courts. Mr. Corwin was managing clerk for Mr. Sterrit ten years, and following the death of Mr. Sterrit in April, 1907, he succeeded to his practice.

JOHN ISAAC COTTER, M.D., although only twenty-six years of age, has an established and growing practice at Campbell Hall, where he resides, and is well known to the medical profession both within and outside of Orange County. He was born at Jackson's Corners, Dutchess County, August 22, 1881. When he left the district school at the age of twelve, he went to Poughkeepsie, and there attended the grammar and high schools, graduating from the latter in 1900. He took a course of four years in the Albany Medical College, from which he graduated in 1904, and then devoted one year to work in the Albany Hospital. After this thorough preparation he started professional practice at Campbell Hall in 1905. He is a member of the Knights of Columbus No. 304, Florentine Council, of Poughkeepsie, the Nu Sigma Nu Medical Fraternity, the Orange County Medical Society, the Newburgh Bay Medical Society, the Middletown Medical Society, the M. P. S. of Northern Dutchess and Southern Columbia Counties, the New York State Medical Society, and the American Medical Association. Dr. Cotter is a lover of good horses, and owns several, among them Bessie H., whose trial mark is 2:201/2. His father, John H. Cotter, is a practicing physician in Poughkeepsie, N. Y., and has another son Lawrence and daughter Mary, both of whom are attending the Poughkeepsie high school.

DANIEL J. COUTANT, of Newburgh, N. Y., bears the distinction of occupying a public office a greater length of time than any official in Orange County. He is a native of Newburgh and a son of Zachariah Coutant. After completing his studies at Claverack Institute, he became bookkeeper for the freight line of Alsdorf & Skidmore. In 1872 he was appointed city clerk by the common council, and regardless of party has been re-appointed by each succeeding mayor, covering a period of thirty-six years. Mr. Coutant is a member of Trinity M. E. Church. His father was of direct French Huguenot descent.

JOHN P. COVERT--When our Civil War came, early in 1861, John P. Covert, then a mere youth in the South, enlisted in the famous fighting regiment of "Louisiana Tigers," and fought with them. He saw the hardest service and was severely wounded in battle. When the war ended he went to Chicago, and became a successful manufacturer of tinware specialties, and after a few years retired. Soon afterward he moved to Orange County, bought the Quackenbos farm near Neelytown, now known as the Beaver Dam Farm, and proceeded to improve it so that it became one of the most attractive places in the state. The farm is rich and highly cultivated, the palatial home is surrounded by a fine grove of hundreds of sugar maples. Here Mr. Covert lived for thirty years, and became a famous breeder of the best Holstein-Friesian cattle. He sold the farm in 1901 to A. Von Kilch, and established a home in Goshen. He was a charter member of the Wallkill Farmers' Association, for several years was its vice-president and always one of its directors. Mr. Covert married Miss Jennie Ketcham, of New York City, a daughter of Enoch Ketcham, one of the leading tin and hardware dealers of the metropolis. There have been few more striking contrasts in separate periods of individual lives than that of Mr. Covert's severe service and sufferings in the bloody civil war with that of his peaceful and happy life in Orange County.

WILLIAM CRABTREE & SONS, manufacturers of worsted yarns, with factories at Montgomery and Newburgh, N. Y., is numbered among the leading industries of Orange County. The business is now conducted by Harry, Edmund, John A., William E. and Charles B., sons of the late William Crabtree, who established this business at Montgomery in 1880 in company with Mr. Arthur Patchett, under the firm name of Crabtree & Patchett. In 1897 the Newburgh plant was established. In 1902 the present firm name was adopted. Over one million pounds of wool are used annually resulting in a finished product of a half million pounds of yarn shipped to all parts of the United States. About 200 hands are given steady employment in the plants of this firm. Mr. William Crabtree was born in England in 1840 and died in England while on a visit to his old home, June, 1903. He came to America in 1864, locating at Philadelphia, where he remained until 1880. Mr. Crabtree was identified with the Masonic fraternity and member of the Reformed church. In 1867 he married Miss Harriet Patchett, daughter of Edmund and Elizabeth (Robertshaw) Patchett, all natives of England.

GEORGE W. CRIST was born February 22, 1875, on the homestead farm in the town of Hamptonburgh, and is a son of Theodore J. and Cecelia (Mapes) Crist. His early education was obtained at the Grove Street District School, and the Montgomery Academy. He has always been identified with farming. In politics Mr. Crist gives his hearty support to the democratic party and always takes an active interest in local affairs. He is at present supervisor of the town. He is past master of Goshen Lodge No. 365., F. and A. M., a member of the Midland Chapter, Royal Arch Masons, of Middletown, No. 240; honorary member of the Montgomery fire department, and past chief ranger of Wallkill Lodge No. 69, Foresters of America. His father Theodore was born on the same farm April 22, 1844. Five children were born in his father's family. Grant died in December, 1875; Clara L. resided at home; George, our subject; Abigail B., residing at home; Frank M. married Emily Mortimer, of Brooklyn, N. Y., and is a member of Goshen Lodge No. 365, F. and A. M. Mary Belle married Frank M. Cox, of Middletown, and died in July, 1898. The great grandfather of our subject was Nelson Crist, son of Philip Crist. Philip Crist was engaged in driving the stage coach between Goshen and Kingston in the early days.

CHARLES E. CROFTS, who has held the position as superintendent of the New York Knife Company, of Walden, since 1876, was born in Sheffield, England, where he learned the cutlery trade. In 1872 he came to America and located at Walden, where he has since devoted his time to the success of the knife works. Mr. Crofts has served as village trustee for a period of two years and as a member of the board of water and highway commissioners five years. He married Miss Emma Marsden, and twelve children have been born to them, of which three are now living. His son Arthur is engaged in business in New York City, and Emma L. is a student of the Northfield Seminary.

HARRY A. CRONK was born May 20, 1877, at Binghamton, N. Y. He attended the public schools and after his school days associated himself with H. H. Bishop, of Binghamton, in the milk business, during which time he learned the trades of cheese and butter making. He afterwards connected himself with the Standard Butter Co., of Oswego, N. Y., and was soon given charge of one of their largest factories, situated at Truxton, Cortland County, N. Y., and remained in their employ four years. He then took charge of a co-operative butter factory at Brisben, N. Y., for one year.

In 1902 he associated himself with Borden's Condensed Milk Co., and was soon promoted to the position of inspector and then to the position of superintendent of their Brisben branch; he afterwards was promoted to superintendent of the Florida branch, and is now traveling superintendent for a number of factories in Orange and Sussex counties. He married Miss Ora J. Whitlock, of Ithaca, N. Y., March 24, 1897. They have one child, Camilla Eleanor, four years old. Mr. Cronk is a member of Eastern Light Lodge No. 126, F. & A. M.

JAMES CRONON, a representative business man of Tuxedo Park, N. Y., was born and educated in New York City, and has resided in Orange County since 1876. He conducted a general store at Turners for a number of years, and was the pioneer merchant in Tuxedo village. In 1886 he established his present bakery and now carries on an extensive trade. Mr. Cronon has been clerk of the Tuxedo school district since 1891. During this period new and commodious school buildings have been erected, marking the progress of education in a modern community.

Mr. Cronon has served eighteen years as justice of the peace and one year as justice of sessions. He was collector of the old town of Monroe for two terms and also served as town clerk of that town several years. He is a charter member of Lorillard Lodge, F. and A. M.; a member of Highland Chapter and Hudson River Commandery.

It was with the aid of Josiah Patterson and his wife, Mr. Cronon had religious services held in the town hall on Sunday afternoons, the preaching being by the Methodist minister of the Sloatsburg church. This mission service finally culminated in the establishing of a Methodist congregation here.

WILLIAM L. CUDDEBACK, M.D., of Port Jervis, N. Y., is a descendant of the French-Huguenots of that name who settled in Deer Park in 1690, coming from Caudebec, on the Seine, in that part of France known in ancient days as Normandy.

Dr. Cuddeback was born in the town of Deer Park, April 26, 1854, and is the son of Elting and Ann Bevier (Elting) Cuddeback, who were the parents of six children. He received his primary education in the district schools, and later took a special two years' course in Cornell University. He took up the study of medicine in the office of Dr. Solomon Van Etten, of Port Jervis, after which he entered Bellevue Hospital Medical College, New York, from which he was graduated in 1876. He served as intern in Bellevue Hospital for two years, and then opened his present office in Port Jervis. In 1892, with Dr. H. B. Swartwout, he purchased the hospital in Port Jervis, and together they have conducted it to the present time. This is a general hospital and is patronized largely by Erie Railroad patients.

Dr. Cuddeback was joined in marriage with Miss Alice D. Malven on October 16, 1880. She is a daughter of George and Philenda (St. John) Malven, of Port Jervis. To our subject and wife five children have been born: Frank E., Edgar C., Elizabeth M., Alice M. and Philenda. Dr. Cuddeback is a member of the Orange County Medical Society, the National Association of Railroad Surgeons, the New York State Medical Society, and has served as pension examiner. He was president of the Board of Education from 1887 to 1892, during which time the Main street school house was erected. He has been president of the Library Board since the establishment of the Free Public Library and has served as president of the National Bank of Port Jervis since 1900.

THOMAS P. CUSHING, clerk of the town of New Windsor, and postmaster at Vail's Gate, was born in New York City, December 31, 1863. His father, James Cushing, moved to Orange County in 1871 and shortly after established a general store at Vail's Gate. He served as justice of the peace for thirty years and as postmaster eight years. By his death, which occurred in 1903, Orange County lost a prominent and useful citizen. Thomas P., after finishing his schooling, was engaged by the Erie Railroad as agent and operator, where he remained fifteen years. He was deputy postmaster seven years under his father, and in 1905 erected the building in which he continues the business established by his father.

JOHN DALES, senior member of the real estate and insurance firm of John Dales & Co., Newburgh, N. Y., was born in Delaware County in 1820, a son of John and Sarah (Cavin) Dales. In 1839 Mr. Dales came to Newburgh and entered the employ of Crawford Mailler & Co. He was engaged in mercantile pursuits at Memphis, Tenn., New York City, and Jordan, N. Y., conducting a flour mill at the latter place fifteen years.

In 1865 Mr. Dales returned to Newburgh and in company with W. O. Mailler engaged in the wholesale grocery and freighting business for several years. Since 1870 his attention has been devoted largely to real estate. In 1884 Hon. Charles D. Robinson, mayor of Newburgh, 1906 to 1908, became his business partner and is now the active head of the firm, Mr. Dales having gradually withdrawn from arduous duties.

Mr. Dales was one of the original members of the Board of Trade, a director in Quassaick National Bank, secretary of Woodlawn Cemetery Association and secretary of the Newburgh & Midland Railway Company in former years. He has also served many years as elder, trustee and treasurer of Calvary Presbyterian Church. He is prominently identified with the Masonic fraternity, being a charter member of Hudson River Lodge No. 607, a Royal Arch Mason, and also belongs to Hudson River Commandery No. 35, K. T.

In 1845 Mr. Dales married Susan, daughter of Jacob Oakley. There were two children born of this marriage: William M. Dales, who died November 1, 1883, leaving a daughter, Helen M. Dales, and Mary Belknap Dales, who died January 14, 1900, leaving a daughter, Julia, from her marriage with Chas. D. Robinson.

Mrs. Susan Dales died November 24, 1890. Mr. Dales died March 26, 1908.

HERBERT S. DANA, agent for the Erie Railroad at Craigsville, N. Y., was born in Gardner, Maine, where he obtained his education at the public schools. Mr. Dana has resided in Orange County since 1893, being employed as telegraph operator in the office of the Pennsylvania Coal Company at Newburgh. He accepted his present position, January, 1907, and December of the same year was appointed postmaster. Mr. Dana is well informed on the subject of horses and has contributed news and comments to the _Western Horseman_ for a quarter of a century, and to the _Newburgh News_ and _Goshen Independent and Republican_ for the past fifteen years.

Mr. Dana married Miss Nellie Robinson Wheaton, of Connecticut, and they are the parents of two sons, George Stephen and Frederick Wheaton.

HENRY D'ARCY, who was associated with his brother Thomas in conducting the United States Hotel in Newburgh for some years, is a native of the town of Highland and now conducts a real estate and fire insurance business in Highland Falls. Mr. D'Arcy was the first town clerk at the time the town of Highland was divided from Cornwall. He has served at various times as assessor and road commissioner and president of the Board of Education six years.

Mr. D'Arcy has been twice married. A son was born by his first wife and a son and daughter by his second wife.

THOMAS DARLINGTON was born at Salisbury Mills, Orange County, N. Y., August 29, 1826, the son of Peter and Maria Wilde Darlington. Through his mother many lines of colonial ancestry met in him. A descendant of Deputy Governor Bishop, of Connecticut, who was secretary of that colony from 1661 to 1665; of Daniel Rayneau, the first freeholder of the Huguenot colony of New Rochelle; of Richard Wilde, Esq., of Flushing, N. Y.; and from Edward Griffin, of the Virginia colony, on his father's side he was from the Darlingtons of Yorkshire, England, and Edinburgh, Scotland. His father, who was one of the first paper manufacturers in this country, died January 21, 1851, but his mother lived to be over one hundred years of age, until August 20, 1900. He acquired his education in the local schools near at hand, graduating with highest honors, and at seventeen, by his own choice, was principal of a school in a neighboring village. Resigning his school position he went to New York City and studied law in the office of Mr. Taggart, reciting at the same time in the evenings to private tutors in Latin and philosophy. He was of a very religious temperament, being a constant attendant at church and having a Sunday-school class, of which he was very fond.

Soon after becoming an attorney and counselor-at-law he started in business for himself, and achieved a most rapid success. The firm name was Darlington, Spring & Russell, and some most important cases were entrusted to their care. When Mr. Spring died, Mr. Russell went to Cornell University as dean, and a new firm was formed of Darlington, Irving & Hoffman.

His interest in all games and amusements was great, being the amateur editor of the chess column in a New York weekly paper for some years.

In politics he was a strong abolitionist, and took an active part in the anti-slavery movement. So pronounced was his position and so well known, that on July 13, 1863, during the draft riots in New York City, a mob broke into his law offices and smashed all the furniture. Mr. Darlington afterward sued the municipality for the damage wrought, and was the first to recover in an action of this sort, the case being referred to to-day as marking a new line of municipal responsibility. As the mob was killing returned Union soldiers and hanging colored people to the lamp-posts, at his own expense he sent down a whole colored family that had been pursued, to his country home in Kingston, N. J., and kept them there some months until the danger was over.

At the time of the renomination of General Grant for a second term as President, one of the general's friends offered Mr. Darlington the appointment of chief justice of the then territory of Colorado, but he was most devoted and adhered to his friend of many years, Horace Greeley, who was the nominee of the liberal republican and democratic parties, and so the appointment was not made. He resolutely and consistently declined to engage in politics, but blamed himself for over-leniency in the case of Guiteau, who afterward shot President Garfield. Having a criminal suit against Guiteau, he had him shut up in prison, but after being there some months Guiteau wrote a most pitiful letter, saying that longer confinement meant his death, and Mr. Darlington, thinking that he had been punished enough, signed a paper consenting to his discharge. It was only a month or two after his release that he murdered President Garfield, and Mr. Darlington appeared against him as a witness at his trial.

In his religious life Mr. Darlington always attended the Presbyterian Church, and was teacher of the Bible class in the Mulberry Street Mission of the South Park Church in Newark, N. J., for years.

On August 1, 1850, he married Hannah Anne Goodliffe, daughter of James Yarrow Goodliffe, and the issue was eight children; two, Alfred Ernest and Alice, deceased, and six, James, now Protestant Episcopal bishop of Harrisburg, Pa.; Thomas, J., now president of the board of health of New York City; Charles Francis, counselor-at-law; Gustavus C., a physician; Marion Goodliffe, and Mrs. Margaret Darlington-Wilde, living. His death came suddenly, on the 18th day of May, 1903, and he was buried from the same church in which he was married, the University Place Presbyterian Church, University place and Eleventh street, New York City, from which his wife was also buried about two years before.

THOMAS DARLINGTON, M.D., was born in Brooklyn, N. Y., September 24, 1858; son of Thomas Darlington and Hannah A. (Goodliffe) Darlington. His education began in the public schools of New York and Newark, N. J., followed by a three years' scientific and engineering course at the University of the City of New York. After his graduation, he entered the College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, from which he was graduated as M.D. in 1880. He engaged in the practice of medicine at Newark, N. J., for two years, holding several hospital appointments. In 1882 he located at Kingsbridge, N. Y., and practiced there until 1904, except for two years spent in Arizona, where he was surgeon to several mining companies. He was appointed commissioner of health for the city of New York in 1904, and was reappointed for the second term in 1906. His administration has been thoroughly efficient and has demonstrated the wisdom of the selection of a trained medical man as head of the department of health of a great metropolis like New York, where the sanitary problems are necessarily very complex, and their proper solution of vital importance. Dr. Darlington has been an extensive contributor to medical literature. He is ex-president of the American Climatological Society, a member of the American Medical Association, the New York State Medical Society, the New York County Medical Society, the Medico-Legal Society, Association of the Alumni of the College of Physicians and Surgeons, American Public Health Association, Harlem Medical Association, New York Physicians' Mutual Aid Association, Medical Society of the Borough of the Bronx, Medical Association of Greater New York, Yonkers Practitioners' Society, Society of Medical Jurisprudence and Academy of Medicine; and until his appointment as health commissioner of New York, he was visiting physician to several of the hospitals of the city and consulting physician to the French Hospital. He is also a member of the Archdeaconry of New York, the Church Club of New York, Chamber of Commerce, Chemists' Club, The Thomas Hunter Association of Grammar School No. 53, the Commission on the Prevention of Tuberculosis of the Charity Organization of the City of New York, Sons of the Revolution, Society of Colonial Wars, New York University Alumni Association, Kingsbridge Council No. 1082, Royal Arcanum; the Parish Club, Church Temperance Society, trustee of the Bronx Savings Bank, the Huguenot Society of America, Pilgrim Society, Fordham Club, North Side Board of Trade, the National Association for the Study and Prevention of Tuberculosis, New York Athletic Club, Seabury Society, Jefferson Tammany Hall, director Crippled Children's Driving Fund, and the National Geographic Society, Lotos Club, American Geographical Society and Society of Tropical Medicine. Address, 48 West 59th street. New York City.

GEORGE DART, general manager of the Tuxedo Stores Company at Tuxedo Park, N. Y., is a native of Ulster County, N. Y., and has resided at Tuxedo since 1886, when he established his pharmacy. Mr. Dart had previously been engaged in the drug business at 30th street and Broadway, New York City. He discontinued that store in 1888.

Mr. Dart was instrumental in the establishment of the Tuxedo Stores Company, and has been identified with various movements for the improvement and advancement of Tuxedo in material, moral and religious matters. He is president of the Board of Education, director of the Tuxedo Library and trustee of the Methodist Episcopal Church.

THOMAS WESLEY DAVEY was born in the town of Greenville, N. Y., on January 6, 1850. Mr. Davey received his early education at the Chester Academy. His first work after leaving school was on a farm where he worked for three years. He was associated with various factories in Middletown and spent two years in the oil fields of Pennsylvania. Returning to his native State, Mr. Davey located in the metropolis and engaged in the milk business for two years. Since that time he was with the Middletown State Homeopathic Hospital for fourteen years as assistant engineer. Here in Middletown he has labored effectively for the past ten years as superintendent of the Middletown Water-Works. He married Miss Maria Wood, of Haverstraw, N. Y. Three children have been born to them, Irving W., Mina May and Lewis Jacob. Mr. Davey belongs to a number of societies, among them being Hoffman Lodge No. 412, F. & A. M.; Middletown Lodge, I. O. O. F., No. 112; Orange Encampment, I. O. O. F., No. 93. He is a member of the American Water-Works Association and honorary member of Eagle Hose & Chemical Co. No. 2, of Middletown.

ABRAHAM LINCOLN DECKER was born at Newburgh, Orange County, January 16, 1865. His parents were John H. and Elsie (Fullerton) Decker. He attended the schools in Middletown until twelve years of age, when his father died and Mr. Decker went to work in a drug store at Paterson, N. J., where he remained six years. He was identified with the _Times_ at Middletown as city editor for a period of twelve years. He enlisted in the 1st N. Y. Vol. Inf. in 1898 during the Spanish-American war, and accompanied his regiment to Honolulu as first lieutenant of Company I. He returned to Middletown and took up newspaper work on the _Press,_ remaining until the _Times_ and _Press_ were merged. He was coroner for twelve years, and in 1907 was elected sheriff of Orange Comity. Mr. Decker was united in marriage to Miss Natalie Weygant, October 31, 1890. To this union two children were born, Richard Stivers, born 1892, and John Weygant, born 1896. Mr. Decker is a republican in politics. Socially he is a member of Hoffman Lodge No. 412, of Middletown. He is captain of Company I, 1st Inf. (24th Sep. Co.), National Guards of New York.

ISAIAH W. DECKER, president of the Wallkill Valley Farmers' Association is now retired from active agricultural pursuits and makes his home in Walden, N. Y. Mr. Decker's ancestors were of Dutch extraction and at an early period sought the rich lands of Orange and Ulster counties. He is a grandson of Levi Decker and a son of William D. and Ellen Jane (Crans) Decker and was born in the town of Montgomery, Orange County, N. Y. In his younger days he rented farms upon which he fully demonstrated that success could be won in this as well as in other pursuits. He later purchased a desirable farm near Walden which he provided with modern equipment.

Mr. Decker is identified with social and public affairs of his native town and has occupied different positions of trust and responsibility.

JOHN E. DECKER was born May 1, 1860, at Dwaarskill, Ulster County, N. Y. His parents were Ezekiel and Anna Decker. Our subject attained his education at the district school in his locality. He married Martha Jane, daughter of Abraham Vernooy, April 2, 1895. Their one son, Adrian Vernooy Decker, was born August 11, 1897. Mr. and Mrs. Decker are members of the First Congregational Church of Middletown, N. Y., and both are active members of Wallkill River Grange. Mr. Decker is a member of I. O. O. F., of Gardner, Ulster County, N. Y. He occupies the C. H. C. Beck's farm near Middletown, N. Y., and has always been an agriculturist.

SAMUEL DECKER was born March 12, 1851, on his father's farm near the village of Amity, Orange County, N. Y. His parents were John and Maria (Smith) Decker. John Decker was a descendant of a Holland Dutch emigrant who located and became a large land owner at what is now Glenwood, N. J., but who late in life removed to central New York, leaving a son at Glenwood. Maria Smith's father, Abram Smith, was a school teacher of Orange County for fifty years and her two grand sires were Revolutionary soldiers. Mr. Decker's school days were passed at Amity, and upon reaching his majority he removed to the town of Greenville, N. Y., and purchased a farm of one hundred and forty acres in the upper Shawangunk valley. He has since added an adjoining farm to his original purchase. For about ten years he conducted the farm and taught school. On October 16, 1878, he married Cornelia Sergeant, only daughter of Jeremiah Sergeant, a well-known cattle dealer and farmer at Gardenersville. Shortly after this he began dealing in cattle, which in connection with his farming he engaged in continuously for twenty years. Mr. Decker is a democrat and has held a number of public offices. At present he is filling his second term as justice of the peace. Their children number four: Margaret, wife of Frank Neail, of Mount Hope; Phebe, wife of Hiram Tyler, of New York City; Frank and Effa, at home. In spite of his many enterprises Mr. Decker has found time to devote several hours each day to reading and study, is a fine Shakespearian scholar and, having a phenomenal memory, is an authority on ancient and modern history and literature.

JOHN DEISSEROTH, supervisor of the Fifth Ward, Newburgh, N. Y., was born in that city, January 17, 1876. After finishing his studies at the public schools he learned the blacksmith and horseshoeing trade and has been engaged in business for himself for the past ten years.

A firm believer in the principles of the democratic party, Mr. Deisseroth was elected to the office of supervisor in 1907 by a majority of 96. Socially he is a member of the Knights of the Maccabees and Columbian Hose Company, and vestryman in the Church of the Good Shepherd.

FRANK H. DE KAY was born in the town of Warwick at New Milford, August 11, 1866. He is a son of Francis M. and Nellie (Sisson) De Kay. There were three children in his parents' family: One died in infancy; Lucille, wife of James H. Vealey, and Frank H. The subject of our sketch acquired his early education at the district school at New Milford and Warwick public school, later attending Eastman's Business College at Poughkeepsie, N. Y. At an early age he identified himself in the furniture and undertaking business with Mr. Burt, the firm being Burt and De Kay. In 1893 Mr. De Kay, taking over Mr. Burt's interest, continued the business until 1899. At this period James H. Vealey took an interest in the establishment, the firm being then known as De Kay & Vealey, which continued until 1903, when Mr. De Kay retired. He married Miss Marguerite Pelser, of Paterson, N. J., April 14, 1891. To them were born two children, Elwood Frank, born March 5, 1893, died July 10, 1902, and Doris Pelser, born June 5, 1896. He is an honorary member of Excelsior Hose Company No. 1 and treasurer of Christ Episcopal Church, of Warwick. In politics he is independent.

CORNELIUS HENRY DEMAREST was born in Warwick, June 25, 1820, and died December 10, 1889. He lived all his life on the farm he inherited from his father, Cornelius C. Demarest, which now belongs to his son, Henry Pelton Demarest. He was for thirty years presiding officer of the board which controlled the Warwick Academy and the public school. He was one of the original stockholders of the First National Bank of the village and its president from 1878 until his death. He was also a founder of the Warwick Valley Farmers' Milk Association and an officer of the Warwick Valley R. R., and of its successor, the Lehigh and Hudson River Road. He was a consistent Christian and for some years before his death was a member of the Consistory of the Reformed Church. In 1845 he married Elizabeth A. Pelton, daughter of Henry Pelton, of Warwick, and seven children survived him: Charles M., who was born February 5, 1848, and died January 8, 1905 (he married Annie E. Armstrong, daughter of Rensselaer Armstrong, of Warwick); DeWitt Clinton, born February 18, 1852, who married Hattie Hudson, of Denver, and lives at Passaic, N. J.; Mary Elizabeth, born April 29, 1854, who married Christie Romaine, of Hackensack, N. J.; Henry Pelton, born October 25, 1856, who married Ella J. Toland, of Florida, N. Y.; Julia, born May 29, 1858, unmarried, living at Warwick; David, born February 27, 1860, unmarried, and living in Boston, Mass.; Anna, born April 24, 1862, unmarried, and living at Warwick.

The Demarests are of Huguenot extraction. David Demarest, a native of Beauchamp, a little village of Picardy in France, with his wife, Marie Soheir, and five children sailed from Amsterdam, April 16, 1663, on the ship _Bouchoc_ (Spotted Cow) for New Amsterdam. For two years he resided with the Huguenot colony on Staten Island; from there he moved to Harlem, where for twelve and a half years he was one of the first citizens of the place. He purchased of the Indians several thousand acres of land in New Jersey, in the vicinity of Hackensack. Just before and during the Revolution a number of Demarest families left New Jersey and went to Orange County, N. Y. Among these was Cornelius Demarest, the grandfather of Cornelius H. He settled on a ridge a few miles out of Warwick on the Florida road, but during his later years he purchased the farm now owned by his great-grandsons, Henry Pelton and Henry Pelton Demarest. Cornelius Demarest fought in the war of the Revolution under Col. John Hathorn in a company of Major Wisner's Scouts. He was one of the organizers of the Reformed Church of Warwick and a member of its first Consistory.

GEORGE HOUSTON DEMAREST, always a farmer, was born at the homestead about two miles from Wisner, June 26, 1873. He is of the seventh generation on this farm, which is now chiefly devoted to dairying. He is active in local matters, politically he is a republican and belongs to the Grange. His wife was Miss Edith May Stevens, of Sugar Loaf, and they were married November 2, 1898. They have had four children, only two of whom are living, namely, James Henry, six years old, and Agnes Wood, three months old.

HON. AUGUSTUS DENNISTON, president Orange County Agricultural Society, was born in the town of Blooming Grove, the youngest son of Robert and Mary Denniston. His farm of about two hundred and thirty acres has come down to him by inheritance from his great-grandfather, James Denniston, son of Alexander Denniston, who arrived in this country from Ireland in 1729 and settled on a farm in the town of New Windsor, about two miles north of Washingtonville. The grandfather of Augustus was James Denniston, who died in 1825, leaving several large farms, most of which was bequeathed to his son Robert, who died in 1867, and who was the owner of about six hundred acres of land, beside a large estate, all of which was managed by his son Augustus, for the benefit of his mother until her death in 1898. Augustus was educated at home by tutors in a private school. When his father was elected State comptroller in 1860, he went to Albany and served for two years as his confidential clerk. In 1862 he went to war, and was appointed by Col. Ellis quartermaster of the 124th Regiment, N. Y. S. Volunteers. After a few months' service he was taken sick, and after months of illness in hospital and at home he resigned. In 1893-94 he represented the First Assembly District of Orange County in the Legislature. Afterwards for two years he was State cattle commissioner, having been appointed by Governor Cornell. In 1893 he was elected a director of the Orange County Agricultural Society, and since that time has been continuously connected with it officially, four years as director, two as vice-president, and since 1899 its president. He has been a director of the Highland National Bank of Newburgh since 1873, and for seven years was its president. In 1901 he was appointed by Governor Odell one of the State Fair commissioners. He resides in the old home, which was built by his father in 1824, is engaged extensively in the milk business on his large farm and has been president of the Washingtonville Farmers' Creamery Association since its organization in 1876.

WALTER DENNISTON, supervisor of the town of New Windsor, is engaged in farming near Rocklet. He was born in this township in 1857, and is a son of George and Agnes (Stewart) Denniston. He has been identified with public affairs of the town and county since 1884, when he served as justice of the peace until 1892. With the exception of the 1896-1897 term he has been continuously elected a member of the Board of Supervisors since 1891. Mr. Denniston is a member of Little Britain Grange and takes an active interest in all matters pertaining to the welfare of Orange County.

WILLIAM L. DICKERSON, attorney, of Montgomery, is a son of Jacob and John B. (Millspaugh) Dickerson. His ancestors settled in Orange County previous to the Revolutionary war. Mr. Dickerson attended Montgomery Academy and Cornell University, following which he read law in the office of Hon. A. S. Cassedy and was admitted to the bar in 1892. His legal studies were supplemented by a course of lectures at the University of Minnesota. He has enjoyed an extensive practice in Montgomery since 1895. Mr. Dickerson is secretary and a director of the Montgomery & Erie Railroad and secretary and a director of the Riverside Cemetery. He is a member of Walden Lodge, F. & A. M.; past assistant grand lecturer of the Thirteenth Masonic District; a member of Midland Chapter, R. A. M., of Middletown, and a member of the First Presbyterian Church of Montgomery.

JAMES NATHANIEL DICKEY, bank cashier, Newburgh; son of William and Esther (James) Dickey. Born at Newburgh, July 12, 1840. After finishing his studies at Newburgh Academy entered office of Judge J. J. Monell as clerk, remaining two years. In 1856 accepted clerkship with Quassaick National Bank; was promoted to teller and in 1895 became cashier. Served as city treasurer of Newburgh for thirty years. First vice-president Newburgh Historical Society; member City Club and the Newburgh Canoe and Boating Association. He married Miss Eve Brown in 1866 and three daughters have been born to them.

EDWIN J. DIKEMAN, a successful pharmacist of Goshen, N. Y., was born in that place in 1876. After graduating from the Goshen High School he entered Columbia University and graduated from the Department of Pharmacy of that institution in 1897. He is a son of Edwin and Elizabeth (Jay) Dikeman. Edwin, the father, was a native of Goshen. He established the drug store now owned by Edwin J. in the early fifties and was one of the prominent business men of that place. He served the village as president for several years. His death occurred July 19, 1895.

Edwin J. married Henrietta Coleman, daughter of Hon. Roswell C. Coleman, of Newburgh, N. Y., and they have a son, Edwin J., Jr.

Mr. Dikeman is a member of Goshen Lodge No. 365, F. & A. M.; the Goshen Club, an honorary member of Cataract Engine and Hose Company No. 1, and a member of the New York State Pharmaceutical Association. He is also secretary of the Orange County Chapter, Sons of the Revolution.

BRICE L. DREW was born at Vernon, Sussex County, N. J., March 6, 1866. His parents were Gilbert and Elizabeth Drew, and they had five children. Mr. Drew is a practical farmer, and now conducts the Eden fruit and dairy farm of one hundred and forty-two acres. He is a member of Warwick Lodge No. 544, F. & A. M.; Wawayanda Lodge No. 34, I. O. O. F., and Junior O. U. A. M. No. 207. He is a member of the Glenwood Methodist Church. Politically he is independent. He married Miss Lillie Morehouse, of Amity, daughter of Linn and Emily Morehouse. Their three children are: Ernest, born June 24, 1892; Emily, born July 17, 1895, and Albert George, born May 1, 1902.

WILLIAM J. DUFFY, vice-president and a director of the First National Bank of Highland Falls, N. Y., was born in Providence, R. I., in 1867. He was educated in the city of Rochester, N. Y., and has been a resident of Orange County since 1897. Mr. Duffy is endowed with characteristic New England enterprise and his spirit has exerted a healthy influence in public affairs at Highland Falls, where he is president of the Village Improvement Society. He is superintendent of the U. S. Government Stables at West Point and is proprietor of the entire livery. He is district deputy of the Knights of Columbus. His wife was formerly Miss Fanny Au, of Highland Falls.

WALTER DUMVILLE, farmer and dairyman, was born in the town of Newburgh, May 9, 1843. His father, Benjamin Dumville, was a native of England and came to America in 1827, a few years later locating in Newburgh, where he married Miriam Harris. He was the first wholesale butcher in Newburgh. After Walter finished his education he engaged with his father in that business, and later conducted it alone successfully for many years. He at one time served as collector of the town of Newburgh. Mr. Dumville is a director of the Columbus Trust Co., also the Milk Producers' Association and the Horse Thief Detecting Society. July 16, 1873, he married Josephine, daughter of John and Catherine O'Brien, of New York City. Mr. and Mrs. Dumville are members of the Unitarian Church.

WILLIAM FULLERTON DUNNING, a member of the New York City Bar Association and for several years immediately preceding his death a member of its committee on admissions, died on April 1, 1907, after an illness lasting only a few days. He was born in the city of New York on May 29, 1856. His father was the late Benjamin F. Dunning, for many years the law partner of Charles O'Conor, and his mother was Ruth Seely, of Orange County, New York.

From his father Mr. Dunning inherited a predilection for the law, and doubtless his early association with his father's firm helped to develop in him his high ideals of professional ethics.

He was prepared for college in Dresden, Saxony, and was graduated from Princeton University in the class of 1877. He devoted himself with more than usual assiduity to his studies, and was particularly interested in the classics. He was graduated from the Columbia College Law School and admitted to the bar of this State in 1879. Upon his admission to the bar he entered the firm of Dunning, Edsall, Hart & Fowler, of which firm his father was senior partner. In 1883, upon the death of Mr. Hart, the firm of Dunning, Edsall & Fowler was organized, and in 1886, upon the retirement of Mr. Edsall, the firm became Dunning & Fowler. Of these three firms William Fullerton Dunning was a member. In 1900, upon the dissolution of the firm of Dunning & Fowler, Mr. Dunning joined the firm of Boardman, Platt & Soley; on Mr. Soley's retirement from the firm in 1906, the firm Boardman, Platt & Dunning was organized and continued until November, 1906, when Judge Morgan J. O'Brien became one of the members, the name being changed to O'Brien, Boardman, Platt & Dunning.

William Fullerton Dunning was a man of modest and retiring disposition. Although a learned and sound lawyer, he did not seek the contention and strife of the courts, but preferred office practice. His faithfulness and devotion to his clients' interests gained for him their confidence, and many of them became his warm friends. He had a cheerful, happy disposition. His relations with his professional brethren were always marked with great consideration, and while he jealously guarded the interests of his clients, an opposing attorney could never justly complain that Mr. Dunning had not shown to him the courtesy demanded by the most exacting professional etiquette. While not ambitious for position or office which would bring him prominently before the public, he was greatly interested in his professional work and desirous that it should be well done. His relations with the various partners with whom he was associated during his career have always been most cordial and friendly.

In 1883 he married Clara Frost, of New Orleans, La., and the years that followed were filled with domestic happiness. His wife and six daughters who survive him mourn the loss of a kind and loving husband and a wise and affectionate father. His life is a continuous record of high ideals and work well done. He died in the prime of life, respected by all who knew him, and loved by those who knew him best. In this age of excitement and greed, such a life as his should be an example and an inspiration.

THE DUNNING FAMILY--General Benj. Dunning (married Isabel Wilson); Benjamin Franklin Dunning, Esq. (married Ruth Seely); William Fullerton Dunning, Esq. (married Clara Frost).

These three Dunnings were descended from an old and well-known English family and were closely interested in Orange County.

General Dunning's children: Virgil, Benjamin Franklin, William T., Angeline.

Benjamin Franklin Dunning's children: Isabel (Mrs. Thos. P. Fowler), Frank, William Fullerton (dead), Frederick Clark (dead), Alice (Mrs. M. Allen Starr).

William Fullerton Dunning's children: Aline Frost (dead), Ruth Seely, Marceline Randolph, Clara Frost, Isabel Fowler, Elizabeth Belcher, Willielmine.

FRANK DURLAND was born in the Yelverton Inn in the old village of Chester, N. Y., on March 25, 1860. The family sprang from the emigrant Jan Garretse Dorlandt, who came from Holland to the New Netherlands in the year 1652, settling in Brooklyn, later, in the year 1657, removing to Bedford, of which village he was for many years a commissioner.

His father, Joseph Durland, is the great-grandson of Charles Durland, who came from Long Island and settled in Chester in the year 1754.

His mother, Nancy Kingsland Board, was a daughter of Major James J. Board, of Boardville, N. J., afterward residing in Sugar Loaf valley, Chester, N. Y.

He attended the Chester Academy until 1877, leaving school at the age of seventeen, he began life's activities in Durland's store. In the year 1885 he entered the firm of J. Durland & Son, and on February 1, 1908, he purchased the entire interest in the mercantile business of his father, Joseph Durland. with whom he had been associated for twenty-three years. He was married April 22, 1891, to Mary Burt Sanford, of Warwick, N. Y., daughter of William Moore Sanford and Sarah Burt, who was the daughter of James Burt, for many years president of the Chester National Bank. By her he has two children, William Sanford Durland, born July 13, 1892, now a student in Nazareth Hall Military Academy, Nazareth, Pa., and Nancy Board Durland, born March 29, 1898, now a student in Chester Academy.

Mr. and Mrs. Durland are both members of the Presbyterian Church. Mr. Durland is president of its board of trustees, president of the board of trade, director of the Chester Telephone Co., trustee of Walton Hose Co., treasurer of the Orange & Rockland Electric Co., member of Standard Lodge, No. 711, F. & A. M., of Monroe, N. Y.

JOSEPH DURLAND was born on the Durland homestead, now occupied by his brother, Samuel S. Durland, March 16, 1832. He received his education at Chester Academy and at Bloomfield, N. J. He began business life as a clerk in Masterson's store at West Chester when a young man. He was a partner with his stepfather, James Durland, at Chester Mills, for some time. On February 1, 1859, he purchased the interest of James J. Board in the old store conducted under the name, Board, Pierson & Co. This new firm of Pierson, Bell & Durland continued at the old store until February, 1862, when his brother, Samuel S. Durland, was admitted into partnership with him, the other members of the firm having sold to them their interest. For ten years this partnership of the brothers continued successfully and then S. S. Durland retired from the business and Joseph continued as sole proprietor until 1855, when Frank Durland, his son, purchased an interest in the business and the firm name became Durland & Son. This relation continued until February 1, 1908, when he sold his interest to Frank Durland, the present proprietor, having completed 49 years of business life in the old store.

During all his business career Joseph Durland has been a wise counselor for his fellow citizens in business and political matters. This has been possible through his knowledge gained by keen observation and opportunities for travel which have enabled him to visit and study business conditions in nearly every state in the Union. For a number of years he has served as trustee of the savings banks at Warwick and Goshen, and also as a director of the Durland Trust Co., of Norfolk, Nebraska. For twenty years he has served as a director of the Chester National Bank, and for two years was its president and is at present its vice-president. He was the first Republican supervisor for the town of Chester and served in 1867 and 1868. He was influential in establishing the present Union free school, and in 1869 was elected clerk of the first Board of Education of Chester, which position he held for seven years. He strongly urged the incorporation of the village of Chester in November, 1898, and was a member of its first board of trustees. When the question of water for the village arose he served on the board of water commissioners which introduced the present system of water supply. In offices of trust, he has served as executor and administrator of many estates. In 1855 he united with the Presbyterian Church, of which he and Mrs. Durland are still active members. He was elected to the office of deacon in this church in 1889, and since 1890 has continued to serve the church of his choice as an elder. He was married February 25, 1857, to Nancy Kingsland Board, daughter of Major James J. Board. The fiftieth anniversary of this happy event was fittingly celebrated. The children of this marriage now living are two sons, James Board, who married Sarah Andrews, and Frank, who married Mary B. Sanford, and two daughters, Amelia Vernon, and Nettie Eugenia, wife of William T. Moffatt of New York City. One daughter, Marion, died May 21, 1903.

J. SEELY DURLAND was born in New York City, March 15, 1856. He is a son of Oscar and Matilda C. Durland. Mr. Durland's father was engaged in the milk business in New York City, later removing to Chester, N. Y., purchasing the Marvin property, about two miles from Chester. Here he developed a natural love for the country and has remained a farmer. J. Seely Durland received his education at the district school and Chester Academy, he married Fannie R. Hunter, of Monroe, October 26, 1894, and two children have been born to them, Anna T., living, and Stanley, who died in 1895. Mr. Durland is a member of the Chester Grange, and in politics a Republican.

JOHN E. DURYEA, son of Samuel C. and Emily (Tuthill) Duryea, was born September 6, 1840, on the farm in the town of Crawford which his father had purchased in 1838. He assisted his father in the management of the farm until he removed to Pine Bush in November, 1905.

Mr. Duryea's paternal ancestors were French Huguenots. Joost Duryea, the founder of the family in America, came to Long Island from Holland in 1675, and from Jamaica, Queens County, Yost or George, our subject's great-great-grandfather, came to Orange County and settled in the town of Blooming Grove, of which he was a pioneer. He died in 1760 and was buried at Greycourt. His son, George, during the Revolution, was in active service in the cavalry department of the Colonial Army. He married Miss Hannah Hudson, of Goshen. Five sons and four daughters were born to them, of whom John, grandfather of our subject, married in 1800, Mary, daughter of Samuel and Jeannette (McCurdy) Crawford, of the town of Montgomery. They settled on a farm near Bloomingburg in the town of Wallkill. Six children were born, of whom Samuel C. was the youngest.

John E. Duryea married, in 1863, Miss Jane Frances Hunter, who died in 1883, leaving four daughters, Emily C., Mary F., Edna H., Anna Z. Politically Mr. Duryea is a Republican and has occupied a prominent place in public affairs. He was justice of the peace twelve years and justice of sessions four years. Socially he is identified with the Masonic fraternity.

SAMUEL T. DUSENBERRY, assistant postmaster at Tuxedo Park, N. Y., was born at Stony Ford, Orange County, in 1873. He is a son of William B. and S. E. (Wallace) Dusenberry. He received his education at the schools of Goshen. In 1899 Mr. Dusenberry came to Tuxedo and accepted the appointment of assistant postmaster. Socially he is identified with Standard Lodge, No. 711, F. & A. M. He married Miss Leonor Clark, of Monroe. N. Y. They have one child, William Wallace.

JOHN L. D. EAGER has been engaged in the hide and tallow business at Montgomery since 1875. He was born in Walden in 1850. A son of Isaac L. and Fannie M. (Bodine) Eager. At the age of twenty he entered the employ of Homer Ramsdell & Co., of Newburgh, where he remained eight years. On returning to Montgomery he engaged in the coal business, also conducting his hide and tallow establishment. Mr. Eager has served as police justice twenty years and justice of the peace sixteen years. He now has charge of the pumping station of the Montgomery Water Works. He married Miss Emma Decker in 1876 and three sons have been born to them, Leonard, Clarence and Ray. Leonard is now in charge of his father's hide and tallow plant. He had previously been employed as engineer at Randall's Island and engineer for the firm of Tiffany & Co., New York.

JOSEPH C. EAGER was born August 21, 1859, on a farm near Hamptonburgh, where he now resides. His father, Joseph Case Eager, died in 1903. He had been a town justice of the peace for thirty years, and from his dairy farm of 150 acres was one of the first shippers of milk to the New York market over the Erie Railroad. Besides Joseph there was a daughter, Caroline, who married Cornelius Zabriskie, of Newark, N. J. Joseph's education in the district school was supplemented by a course in the private boarding school of Prof. S. S. Hartwell, of Unionville, N. J. From this he returned to the farm, which has always been his home. Since 1890 he has been station agent at Hamptonburgh for the Lehigh and Hudson Railroad, and also conducted a feed business at the same station. He followed the political inclinations of his father and has been one of the active Democrats of his town.

WILLIAM CASE EAGER, the descendant of one of the first settlers of the county, was born December 9, 1865, in Warwick, and died suddenly as the result of an accident, February 11, 1904. His parents were William C. and Mary C. Eager, whose children were this one son and four daughters, Mary L., Jennie, Belle and Fannie. The father, William C. Eager, Sr., died in 1878, April 18th. The subject of our sketch acquired his early education in the Warwick school, remaining in school until 19 years of age. He then entered the general store which was managed and owned by his mother until he reached the age of 21, at which time he assumed control of the store and managed it successfully until his death. In 1899 he married Hattie J. Aldrich, a daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Hiram Still, of Warwick. He was one of the most popular young men of Warwick, having a warm heart, a sunny nature and much natural magnetism, seasoned with genial humor and entire honesty. It was said of him that he had not one enemy, and was esteemed by the people of all classes. He was fond of athletic sports and all lively diversions. He was pitcher in the champion baseball team, a leading official in the Warwick Athletic Association, an enthusiastic hunter and fisher and lover of wild nature, liked music and was at one time a player in the village band. He was so good and popular a fireman that he rose to be foreman of Excelsior Hose and then to be chief of the fire department, to which he was elected three times and refused to be reelected. He was once elected town collector, and once nominated for president of the village, but resolutely declined the nomination.

On the day of his funeral all the business places in the village were closed, the whole fire department and the members of the Warwick Club attended in a body, and one of the largest gatherings ever seen in the Reformed church listened to the funeral services.

His earliest ancestor in Orange County lived on a farm near what is now called Neelytown, and some of his ancestors still reside there. His great uncle was Samuel W. Eager, the first historian of the county.

THOMAS HORTON EASTON was born January 25, 1853, on the homestead farm near Otisville. He attended the district school, and assisted in the general store operated by his father at Otisville for many years. He engaged with the Erie Railroad as a brakeman and was promoted to conductor, serving from 1868 to 1882, after which he returned to the farm, where he has since remained. He was married to Miss Frances N., daughter of Dimmick and Sylvia A. (Cadwell) Wilkin, March 14, 1875. By this union there were three children born, all living: Harriet D., born February 11, 1877; Nellie W., born June 14, 1881; Sylvia E., born September 10, 1885. Harriet is the wife of Henry A. Holley, of Otisville, and they have three children, Henry E., born August 26, 1898; Elizabeth C, born April 30, 1901; James Easton, born September 20, 1905. Nellie W. is the wife of Joseph K. Corwin. They have two children, S. Gilbert, born July 19, 1905, and Francis Horton, born March 2, 1907. In politics Mr. Easton is a democrat, and has served as inspector of elections since 1884. His father, James Easton, was born January 15, 1824, at Milford, Pa. February 24, 1849, he married Hannah E. Corwin, of New Vernon, and three children were born to them, Nellie R., born November 21, 1849, married Schuyler D. Frazer, of Otisville; Ada, born February 23, 1855, died March, 1856. He was at Dunkirk, N. Y., in 1851, when the opening of the Erie Railroad occurred. In 1853 he returned to Howells and opened a general store, continuing there until 1861. In 1863 he went to Saginaw, Michigan, remaining there one year, returning to Orange County in 1864, opening a general store at Otisville, which in May, 1884, was destroyed by fire. He immediately rebuilt and continued until 1905, when he retired after a career of fifty years of active life.

ALVA WISNER EDSALL, a lifelong resident of the town of Warwick, was born at Edenville, N. Y., January 8, 1861, and after attending the public schools commenced the study of dentistry at the age of eighteen years, graduating from the Philadelphia Dental College. In 1883 took up the practice of his chosen profession in Warwick, N. Y., where he has since been actively engaged in business, forming a partnership with Dr. J. H. Wood in 1884, which partnership still exists. A son of Thomas S. and Phoebe Miller Edsall, he represents the seventh generation of a long line of English ancestry, who were among the early settlers of New Amsterdam (now New York City), in 1637, they being large owners of timber lands where Hackensack, N. J., is now located. They afterwards moved to Northern New Jersey about the time the De Kays settled there, and numerous branches of the family are now to be found in this locality. Dr. Edsall was married, in 1891, to Caroline Welling, of Warwick, having a daughter and son, Marian and Maurice, aged respectively twelve and five years. He is a member of the board of education and interested in Warwick's various business enterprises.

JOHN EGAN, retired dairyman, Newburgh, N. Y., was born in 1847 on a farm in West Newburgh. In 1876 he embarked in the milk and cream business and in 1883 his trade had assumed such proportions that he erected a creamery on First street, where the milk was received, which he equipped with modern appliances. He retired from the dairy business a few years ago and now devotes his attention to his extensive real estate holdings.

EDWARD R. ELLIOTT, M.D., of Montgomery, N. Y., was born in Dutchess County in 1854, a son of Rev. Jos. and Harriet (Andrews) Elliott. His education was obtained at Claverack Institute and Stamford Seminary. He graduated in medicine in 1874 from the University of New York and has enjoyed an extensive practice in Montgomery since 1878. Dr. Elliott is a member of the County and State Medical Societies and the Newburgh Bay Medical Society. He is also identified with the Masonic fraternity. He is a director of the Montgomery National Bank. Dr. Elliott married Miss Lydia Wright and a son, Clyde, has been born to them.

E. J. EMERSON, cashier of the Montgomery National Bank, has been a resident of Orange County for some twenty years. He is a native of Sullivan County and began life by entering the employ of Albert Bull, wholesale druggist of Middletown, where he remained twelve years. Mr. Emerson's banking experience covers a period of six years, four of which were spent with the First National and the Merchants National Bank of Middletown. He accepted his present position in 1905.

CHARLES A. EVANS--Soldier, newspaper man, ranch man and farmer successively the career of Charles A. Evans has been one of strenuous activity and varied experience. He was born September 11, 1845, in New York City, obtained his early education in New York schools, and when a mere boy, sixteen years old, enlisted in New York with the 12th Regular Infantry for service in the Civil War. This was in May, 1862. He could only be accepted as a drummer boy, but soon exchanged drum for musket, and carried it for three years. He was wounded and taken prisoner in the battle of Cedar Mountain, and was confined on Belle Island about two months. Communications which he wrote for Northern papers pleased the editor of the Chicago _Times,_ and in the fall of 1865 the young soldier was invited to join the staff of that paper. He remained with it until 1878, and then getting the Western fever, went to a point in Southern Kansas, on the Walnut River, and established a ranch on which he and his family lived until 1883. Then, in order that his children might have opportunities for education, he returned to Chicago and resumed work on the _Times,_ and after a little was appointed its New York correspondent. So he again became a resident of the metropolis, and was correspondent of the Chicago _Times_ and St. Louis _Republican_ five years, when trouble with his eyes caused him to quit newspaper work. In 1888 he came to Orange County and purchased the farm near Howells on which he lives. In 1900 he purchased at Mt. Vernon another farm, and now manages both. In 1895 he was supervisor for the town of Wallkill, and against much opposition pushed through the board the resolution offering a reward for the capture of Charles H. Rogers, the murderer of the Olney brothers and Alice Ingerick. In 1907 he was the Democratic candidate for member of assembly. Mr. Evans was married to Miss Jennie E. Morrill, of Brandon, Vt., in 1867. They have four children--a son living in Chicago, Mrs. F. L. Andrews, of Whitehall, Miss Frances, a graduate of Cornell University, and Austin, now a student in Cornell.

GEORGE W. EVANS, a prominent citizen of the town of Crawford, resides at Bullville and carries on an extensive trade in cattle and horses. He is a son of John A. and Marie (Walker) Evans, and was born at Walker Valley, Ulster County. Although but in his 'teens he went to the front during the Civil War, enlisting in the 56th Regiment. He was discharged in 1865 at Charlestown, S. C. On his return home he engaged with his father in the meat business at Bullville, in which he continued fourteen years, and then began trading in cattle.

Mr. Evans was united in marriage with Miss Anna L. Relyea, January 6, 1869, a daughter of Christopher and Sarah B. (Sprague) Relyea. Socially he is identified with Hoffman Lodge, No. 412, F. and A. M., of Middletown, N. Y.

WILLIAM EVANS, now living in retirement at Westtown, N. Y., has been prominently identified with the commercial and financial development of Middletown. He is a son of William and Rosetta (Corwin) Evans and was born at the homestead in the town of Minisink. His mercantile career began in 1849, when, under the firm name of Little & Evans, a dry goods store was started at Middletown. At the end of eight years Mr. Evans continued the business alone for four years, when Mr. M. D. Stivers became his partner as Evans & Stivers. In 1864 Mr. Evans sold out his interest and took up the organization of the First National Bank, of which he was elected president. After a period of eleven years he resigned the office, retaining his directorship. In 1866 he assisted in the organization of the Middletown, Unionville and Water Gap R. R., and at his suggestion the railroad was given that name. He was a director of the company and served as its treasurer a number of years. In 1874 he engaged for two years in the manufacture of horse clothing. He then went to New York and was engaged for four years in the real estate and insurance business. He then retired from active pursuits and traveled extensively in company with his daughter.

Mr. Evans married Miss Julia Denton, daughter of Theodore B. Denton, of Denton, N. Y. Two children were born. His daughter is now the wife of Mr. Albert H. Horton, of Johnson, N. Y., and his son, Sydney Denton, is engaged in business in Salt Lake City.

THE FABRIKOID COMPANY of Newburgh is among the most important industries of Orange County. It was established in 1902 and incorporated under the present title with the following officials: John Aspinwall, president; George H. May, secretary and treasurer; J. Kearney Rodgers, general sales manager. The product of the plant is chiefly an imitation leather called Fabrikoid, which finds a ready market all over the world. Bronze paint and lacquers are also manufactured. The growth of this business has been very rapid and the plant now covers twenty-five acres and consists of forty-nine buildings.

THE FANCHER FAMILY--Elias Fancher, who was born in Darien, Conn., January 19, 1793, came to Warwick in early boyhood with his father, who bought the Van Houghton farm with the stone house, which is still standing, was built in 1795. He married Miss Sarah Jones, who was born in Warwick September 10, 1795. They had eight children, only two of whom are living, Darius and Julia. The latter, born December 15, 1831, is the wife of Wisner Wood, of Paterson, N. J. Darius was born March 22, 1836, and has always been identified with agriculture since he left the district school. He married Sarah Catharine Sayer, of Warwick. The names of their live children are, Edwin, Sayer, Clinton W., Frank and Lillie. Edwin is a practicing physician in Middletown, N. Y., and Sayer is in a wholesale grocery in the same place. Clinton conducts a dry goods store and Frank is in the feed business in Goshen. Lillie is the wife of Wilham A. Bradner, of Warwick. Their father, Darius, remains the good farmer and esteemed citizen that he has been since his young manhood.

HENRY H. FARNUM, of Port Jervis, member of the board of supervisors, was born and educated in this city. He is a son of Peter E. and Mary R. (Conkling) Farnum, and conducts an extensive business in real estate and insurance. Following the incorporation of Port Jervis as a city in 1907. Mr. Farnum was nominated and elected on the Republican ticket a member of the board of supervisors. He takes an active interest in public affairs of Orange County, is a member of the Deer Park Club, of which he is a treasurer. Mr. Farnum married Ruth Smith, of Port Jervis, and they have one son, Henry H., Jr.

JACOB R. FEAGLES was born on the Feagles homestead March 31, 1863, and since his school days has been a farmer. His first wife's maiden name was Miss Belle Hyatt, of Warwick, and they were married December 5, 1889. His second marriage was to Mrs. Emma J. Vealy, of Amity, October 25, 1893. Five children have been the fruit of the second marriage--Jacob H., George W., Mary Elizabeth, Henry Barney and Emma. Mr. Feagles has been on his present farm twenty-one years, and is an extensive peach grower and a dairy farmer. He belongs to Amity Grange No. 1001.

DR. JAMES FRANCIS FERGUSON, founder of the widely known sanitarium "Falkirk," was born in New York City October 10, 1830, and died at his home near Central Valley, Orange County, N. Y., January 6, 1904. He graduated from the medical department of the University of New York in 1861 and from Bellevue Medical College in 1862.

Dr. Ferguson served with the Second New York Militia during the Civil War. At Blackburn's Ford, at the first battle of Bull Run, he was wounded and taken to Libby Prison, but was later released on parole through the efforts of his mother. As major and surgeon of the 165th New York Volunteers (Second Duryea Zouaves), he was again mustered into the service September 9, 1862, served with General Banks in Louisiana, was present at the battle of Pine Stores, and at the siege of Port Hudson was in charge of a field hospital. He was afterward provost surgeon in New Orleans and served in the campaigns in the Teche country, and was discharged at Franklin, La., in 1864. He was brevetted lieutenant-colonel of New York Volunteers.

The professional appointments of Dr. Ferguson were as follows: Attending surgeon, Bellevue, 1870-1871; visiting surgeon to Blackwell's Island Hospital, 1872-1892; visiting physician to the Hospital for Nervous Diseases, 1886-1892, and consulting physician of the Charity (now City) Hospital, from 1892 to the time of his death.

Dr. Ferguson was a member of the Bellevue Hospital Alumni, the Medical Society of the County of New York, the New York Academy of Medicine, New York Neurological Society, Military Order of the Loyal Legion, the Army and Navy Club, Lotus Club, Kane Lodge, No. 454, F. & A. M., Jerusalem Chapter, No. 8, R. A. M., Coeur de Lion Commandery, No. 23, K. T., and a thirty-third degree Scottish Rite Mason.

JOHN H. FLANAGAN, who for many years has been extensively engaged in the cultivation of choice vegetables for the New York market, has achieved much success in this line of business. He was born in Ireland in 1843, came to America in 1851, and seven years later engaged in truck farming. Mr. Flanagan is actively interested in business affairs at Newburgh. He was one of the promoters of the Columbus Trust Company and has been a member of the board of directors since the organization of this solid financial institution. He has also acquired much real estate in Newburgh and has served four years as a member of the board of public works.

Mr. Flanagan was united in marriage with Miss Shields and seven children were born to them.

CHARLES T. FORD--Among the citizens of Orange County who by their own efforts have achieved unusual success, Mr. Ford, of Central Valley, occupies a prominent place. He is a son of Charles T. and Martha (Weygant) Ford and was born at Southfield in 1844. He attended public and private schools, supplemented by a course at Claverack Institute and Poughkeepsie Business College. In 1867 he was manager of the iron works at Southfield and four years later was conducting a charcoal furnace in Michigan. Losing heavily in the panic of 1873 he returned to Orange County and was appointed station agent at Turners. In 1881 he began his career as a railroad contractor, his first work being for the West Shore Railroad, excavating and building the retaining wall through the city of Newburgh between North and South streets. From Newburgh he went to Albany, and thence to Rochester, building five miles of road. He received the contract for grading on the Port Jervis Railroad from Rhodesdale to Huguenot, and also laid the track and ballasted the entire line. His next work was building the North Dam of Tuxedo Park, after which he graded eleven miles of the Baltimore and Eastern Shore Railroad. Mr. Ford continued construction for many years for various railroads.

Since 1898 he has personally superintended the construction of all improvements for Mr. E. H. Harriman on his Arden property, including the erection of his mansion, not yet completed. During this time there were constructed a drainage canal three miles long and the course of the Ramapo straightened from Turners to Arden. Not the least of these improvements has been the Panchot system of forestry, the building of an incline railway 3,300 feet long from Arden to Mr. Harriman's house and twenty-five miles of roads for driving about the estate.

Mr. Ford has also built over one hundred miles of state roads in Orange County and has charge of maintaining of all the state roads in the county limited by yearly appropriations.

Mr. Ford is a director on the board of the Arden Farms Dairy Co., and as Mr. Harriman's confidential man here his duties are multitudinous. The Arden property comprises some 20,000 acres of land and there are 650 men employed thereon.

In 1868 Mr. Ford married Miss Josephine McKelvey. Three children were born, J. Barlow, Bertha and Harriet Louise.

Active in republican politics, Mr. Ford is a recognized leader in public affairs of his town and county.

HENRY T. FORD, merchant and postmaster at Central Valley, N. Y., was born in 1866, a son of Benjamin and Frances C. (Denniston) Ford. After finishing his schooling he conducted a store at Woodbury for six years, and in 1897 purchased the grocery business of George D. Wood at Central Valley, which he has continued with much success. Mr. Ford was appointed postmaster July 15, 1899.

WILLIAM FOSTER, retired manufacturer and prominent citizen of Newburgh, was born in England in 1841. He was engaged as a school teacher in his native country for a period of five years, and in 1867 came to America as selling agent for James Taylor, who was subsequently proprietor of the Newburgh Woolen Mills. He continued in this capacity until 1888, when upon the death of James Taylor, Mr. Foster and James S. Taylor purchased the plant and conducted the business with much success until 1902. The establishment was then incorporated as the Stroock Plush Company, Mr. Foster holding the office of vice-president. He was also vice-president of the Stroock Felt Company until 1906. He has been a director of the National Bank of Newburgh since 1895.

Mr. Foster takes an active part in promoting the welfare of Newburgh's charitable institutions. He is president of the Associated Charities, trustee of the home for the Friendless, and member of the board of managers of St. Luke's Hospital. In religious affiliations he is identified with the Church of the Good Shepherd, holding the office of warden.

Mr. Foster married Mary Ann Taylor and seven children were born to them, of whom four are living.

ANSON J. FOWLER, attorney of Walden and Newburgh, was born in Walden, N. Y., in 1878. He was educated at New Paltz Normal School and was engaged in the mercantile business at Walden, five years. He read law in Newburgh, and was admitted to the bar in 1905.

Mr. Fowler is president of the Electric Light Co., Walden, and a director of the Walden National Bank. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity and I. O. O. F. He is a son of Nicholas J. and Elizabeth (Millspaugh) Fowler.

NICHOLAS JANSEN FOWLER, of English and Welsh descent, son of Peter Hill Fowler and Anna Jansen Fowler, was born on the ancestral homestead near the village of Montgomery, N. Y., May 9, 1847. He attended the famous Montgomery Academy, also the Monticello Academy. After graduating, he was associated with G. Fred Wiltsie, in business at Newburgh-on-Hudson. In 1868, Mr. Fowler located at Walden, N. Y., opening the first hardware store in the village, which he continued for thirty years.

He was the original organizer of the Wallkill Valley Electric Light and Power Company, of which for many years he was president; was one of the original incorporators of the National Bank of Walden and one of its officers until recent years. For many years he has been vice-president of the Walden Savings Bank; is connected with the First Reformed Church of Walden and Wallkill Lodge, F. and A. M., of which he was treasurer for over twenty years. He was a charter member of the Wallkill Valley Farmers' Association, serving many years as its treasurer and doing much to establish it.

Mr. Fowler married Miss Elizabeth Millspaugh, daughter of the late Joseph G. Millspaugh, of Walden, N. Y., May 29, 1872, Three sons were born to them. The eldest, Joseph M., of Kingston, an attorney of distinction, who has represented his district in the legislative hall at Albany; Anson J., an attorney having offices at Newburgh and Walden, who enjoys a large legal business; Fred, who has been highly successful in the electric light and telephone interests of Walden and adjacent villages. Mr. Fowler has been confined to his home for several years.

THOMAS POWELL FOWLER, president of the New York, Ontario and Western Railway Company, was born in Newburgh, October 26, 1851. His father, Isaac Sebring Fowler, was a descendant of Isaac Fowler, who settled near that city in 1747. His mother, Mary Ludlow Powell, was the daughter of Robert Ludlow Powell, who was the son of Thomas Powell, long prominent in the affairs of the Empire State, and one of the most successful men of his time.

Mr. Fowler's childhood was spent at Newburgh. He received his early education at Siglar's School, Newburgh, and College Hill, Poughkeepsie, after which he studied abroad for nearly two years, spending most of his time in Germany. Returning to New York, he entered the banking house of Morton, Bliss & Co., then Morton, Burns & Co, where he acquired a general knowledge of financial affairs. He studied law under Prof. Theo. D. Dwight, at the Columbia College law school, entering the junior class of that institution October 21, 1872. He graduated in May, 1874, receiving the degree of Bachelor of Laws.

In 1881 Mr. Fowler was elected director of the Chenango and Allegheny Railroad. In 1884 we find him a director of the West Pennsylvania and Chenango Connecting Railroads. On March 15 of the same year he was appointed receiver of the Chenango and Allegheny Railroad and the Mercer Coal and Iron Co. On March 31 following Mr. Fowler was elected director of the New York, Ontario and Western. In 1886 he was elected president. He has also served as director in the boards of the East Tennessee, Virginia and Georgia Railroad and other corporations.

Mr. Fowler occupies his country place in the village of Warwick during the summer months. In 1876 he married Isabelle, eldest daughter of Benjamin F. Dunning, an eminent New York lawyer and for many years a partner of Charles O'Conor.

WILLIAM J. FOWLER, a prominent and progressive fruit farmer of the town of Newburgh, resides at the homestead where his grandfather, Peter V. B. Fowler, was born in 1800. He is a son of Henry D. and Anna (Du Bois) Fowler, who for many years cultivated this valuable property and were prominent in church and social affairs. W. J. Fowler was born in 1862. He attended the schools of Middlehope and then took the English course at Tivoli Military School, from which he graduated. He spent two years at Newburgh in Eli Hasbrouck's dry goods establishment, and in 1881 purchased his farm of forty-two acres and undertook the cultivation of fruit, in which he has been uniformly successful. In 1905 he purchased his father's farm of fifty-six acres. Mr. Fowler was school trustee twelve years, highway commissioner eight years, and has served as town collector. He is treasurer of Cronomer Valley Grange.

JAMES FULLAGAR, contractor and builder, Newburgh, N. Y., was born in England in 1828, Attended the schools at Headcorn and learned the carpenter's trade there. He lived for a number of years in the West End of London, where he and his brother conducted an artists' lodging house. In 1850 he sailed for America, coming directly to Newburgh, where he engaged in his trade with his uncle, with whom he later formed a partnership which existed four years. He then engaged in real estate and building on his own account, and in the period from 1855 to 1902 erected for himself one hundred homes in Newburgh. He has since disposed of these with the exception of thirty houses. Mr. Fullagar is possessed of deep religious convictions and for forty years has devoted a portion of his time to preaching the gospel.

December 20, 1860, he married Miss Elizabeth Hoase, of New Windsor. Four children have been born to them, three of whom are still living.

NICHOLAS I. FURMAN was born at Spring Valley, town of Ramapo, Rockland County, N. Y., March 29, 1835, and died at Warwick, N. Y., April 3, 1908. He was in school and on the farm until eighteen years of age, when he engaged in the lumber business. His railroad career began as a switchman for the Erie Railroad at Suffern, N. Y., where he was soon promoted from track to train service. In 1860 he went to Port Jervis, N. Y., was in Newburgh a year, and in 1869 moved to Warwick, N. Y., continuing in train service until 1882. In that year he was assistant superintendent for a short time, and superintendent of the Lehigh & Hudson from 1882 to 1893. Mr. Furman has been an influential Republican. He was a member of the Republican county committee three years during the McKinley administration, and was a delegate to the state convention that nominated the late Governor Higgins. He was a member of Port Jervis Lodge, No. 328, F. & A. M., Warwick Chapter, No. 186, and Delaware Commandery, No. 44. He was president of the Warwick Cemetery Association, second vice-president of the Warwick Savings Bank, and, in general terms, a wide-awake, helpful and highly esteemed citizen. He attended the Reformed Dutch Church. Mr. Furman's first wife was Rachel A. Westervelt, who died in 1872. His second wife was Mary E. Hynard, of Warwick. He has had no children.

FRANCIS K. GAFFNEY was born in New York City in 1871. At the age of seventeen he became the youngest fireman, probably, on the New York & New Haven Railroad. After stoking over its rails for a year or more, he was placed in charge of a switch engine in the yard. He left the railroad and went at stationary engineering in New York City for three years. Then he accepted a position in Jacksonville, Fla., and set up two engines for the Street Railroad Co., thus driving out the old mule tramway from the city of Jacksonville. At the completion of this southern plant he returned to New York and assisted at the erection of the large Allis engines for the Lexington Avenue cable road. From there he was ordered to Detroit to assist at the building of the plant of the Detroit Citizens' Street Railway. He was then employed as engineer of the plant after it was completed, later as chief engineer in charge. This plant was at that time one of the largest in the West. After two years services here, in which time he was married, he resigned and came east, accepted a position with the Kingston Consolidated Traction Co. as chief engineer. He was in this position for five years, then accepted a position as chief engineer for the Queens Borough Gas & Electric Co., New York City, also in charge of the new construction at this plant. After the completion of this new work he went in the employ of the Floy Engineering Co., of New York, and took charge of the electrical end of the construction of a new hydro-electric plant on the Neversink River. At the completion of this work he went with the Public Service Corporation of New Jersey as chief of their Morristown Division. He was then employed as electrical construction expert for the New York & New Jersey Tile Co., and is now identified with the Orange County Lighting Co. Under his management the plant has largely improved.

WILLIAM T. GALLAWAY was born in the town of Newburgh, Orange County, N. Y., August 13, 1826. He attended the district school in Newburgh and at an early age went on the farm and has always been identified in agricultural pursuits. His father was Zachariah D. and mother Catherine (Thompson) Gallaway. Mr. Gallaway operated a hotel at Scotchtown and Circleville for several years, and also one in Minnesota.

He married Elizabeth Fondy, of Montgomery, who is still living. To this union were born four children. Albert died in infancy, William S., Abraham and Mary K., wife of James Hamm, of Brooklyn, N. Y., died in 1907. In politics Mr. Gallaway is a Democrat.

IRA M. GARDNER was born at Johnson, Orange County, December 20, 1883. His parents were Merit H. C. Gardner (deceased), and Belle (Howell) Gardner. He attended country schools at Stewarttown and Westtown during his early years; later, having removed to Middletown, he entered the public schools of that city, graduating with the class of 1903.

He studied law in the office of Henry W. and Russell Wiggins until October, 1904, when he entered the New York Law School, graduating in 1906, and being admitted to the bar in the same year.

He has spent one year in practice in New York City, connected with the Lawyers' Title Insurance Company.

SAMUEL H. GARISS, ex-president of the village of Port Jervis, was born in Sussex County, N. J., in 1849, and died at his home, December 10, 1907. At the age of nineteen he came to Tri-States and entered the employ of W. A. Drake as bookkeeper. During the twenty-two years that he occupied this position he was able to conduct a livery business in partnership with Hiram Marion, also operating a grist and saw mill in Flatbrookville. From 1884 to 1888 he was postmaster of Tri-States. In 1890 Mr. Gariss came to Germantown and established a grocery store. In 1901 he retired from this business and it became the property of his son, Samuel Emmet Gariss and S. G. Blackman.

Politically Mr. Gariss was a staunch Democrat; he served as trustee of Port Jervis village and in 1903 was elected village president and re-elected in 1905. He was elected a member of the board of supervisors in 1907 by a large majority and would have assumed his duties January 1, 1908. He was one of the elders of the Second Reformed Church since its organization.

In 1875 Mr. Gariss married Charity Estelle Cole, and they were the parents of two children, Samuel Emmet and Olive Zadie.

ASAHEL B. GARRISON, dealer in coal, feed, farm implements, etc., at Walden. N. Y., is numbered among the progressive young business men of Orange County. He is a son of Gerow and Elnora (Seymour) Garrison, residents of the town of Newburgh, where Asahel B. was born in 1884. His education was obtained at Claverack Institute and Hackettstown Seminary. The business to which Mr. Garrison succeeded was established by Taylor & Bateman early in the 70's. They were followed by Hasbrouck & Sloan, who disposed of their interests to Mr. Garrison January 1, 1907.

JOHN Y. GEROW, son of Justis Cooley and Phoebe H. (Young) Gerow, was born in 1856 in Ulster County. N. Y. When he was three years of age his parents removed to the Thomas Pope farm in the town of New Windsor, Orange County. It was here John Y. grew to manhood, aiding his father on the farm. He is now the owner of the Pope farm of 170 acres, the Barnet farm of 125 acres and the David Wright farm of 100 acres at Washingtonville, where he has resided since 1904. Mr. Gerow is senior member of the firm of Gerow & Felter, large cattle dealers. As past master of Pomona Grange Mr. Gerow enjoys a wide acquaintance throughout the state, and the flourishing condition of that organization in Orange County to-day is largely due to his untiring efforts as an organizer and promoter, demonstrating clearly to the farmer wherein he can better his condition. A review of the Grange in Orange County, which appears elsewhere in this work, was furnished by Mr. Gerow.

JOSEPH C. GEROW, a representative citizen of the town of Blooming Grove, was born in the town of Hamptonburgh, Orange County, in 1854. He is the youngest son of the late Elias and Sarah M. (Cooper) Gerow. The ancestors of the Gerow family settled in Plattekill, Ulster County, N. Y. Gilbert H. Gerow, grandfather of Joseph C, was the first of that name whose birth occurred in Orange County. His parents had located on what is known as the Crawford farm in the town of Blooming Grove. It was here that Gilbert H. grew to manhood and married Annie Cooley. Seven children were born to them, of whom Elias was the eldest. He was born in 1813 and lived to the advanced age of ninety-two years. He resided for a time in Hamptonburgh, but most of his life was spent in his native town, where he was successfully engaged in farming. Joseph C. Gerow, after finishing his studies at public and select schools, remained on the farm assisting his father. His farm of 150 acres is located in one of the best agricultural regions of Orange County. He deals extensively in agricultural implements, wind mills, etc. By appointment of the court he has charge of the George Washington Tuthill estate. He married Miss Jennie, daughter of Rev. Warren Hathaway, and they have eight children living. Their son, Percy, assists his father in the management of his business. As school trustee Mr. Gerow has been active in promoting educational interests in the town of Blooming Grove.

THOMAS B. GIBSON, who is serving his third term as postmaster of the village of Walden, was born in Newburgh, N. Y., in 1859; a son of Thomas and Sarah (Eager) Gibson. He learned the tailor's trade and in 1883 accepted the position of cutter for the firm of Wooster & Stoddard at Walden. In 1895 he was elected town clerk and re-elected in 1897, resigning to accept the postmaster-ship under President McKinley's administration. He has been twice reappointed by President Roosevelt. He is a member of the Republican County Committee and active in promoting the interest of his party. Socially Mr. Gibson is a member of the Masonic fraternity and the Order of American Mechanics.

WILLIAM H. GILLESPIE, of Walden, is a descendant of one of Orange County's old families. He was born May 28, 1855, a son of Renwick and Caroline Augusta (Smith) Gillespie and is engaged in the cultivation of the farm which was a portion of the Gatehouse patent. This farm contains the trotting course and part of the land has been divided into building lots. Renwick Gillespie, who died in 1904 in his eightieth year, was one of Walden's most respected and influential citizens. He was born in the town of Montgomery, a son of Abram Gillespie and grandson of Samuel Gillespie, who with his father David came from Scotland and settled near Pine Bush, Orange County, previous to the Revolutionary war. David Smith, who was the first settler on the Gatehouse patent, was grandfather of Mr. Renwick Gillespie's wife, and in 1859 Renwick Gillespie purchased seventy-three acres of this land and erected a commodious home. He is survived by his wife and three children.

W. STANTON GLEASON, M.D., was born at Sag Harbor, L. I., July 24, 1860; academic education at Williston Seminary, East Hampton, Mass., and at Amherst College; graduate University of New York, 1866; he began practice, Newburgh, N. Y., 1887; member County, Newburgh Bay and State Medical Societies; American Medical Association and New York Academy of Medicine. Attending physician St. Luke's Hospital; consulting physician Highland Hospital; president Board Pension Examining Surgeons; member Masonic fraternity and Knights Templar; ex-member Newburgh Board of Education. He is a son of Rev. W. H. Gleason, D.D., for several years pastor of American Reformed Church, Newburgh. In 1888 Dr. Gleason married Grace, daughter of the late Senator J. W. Hoysradt, of Hudson, N. Y. He has one child, Charles B. Gleason, born June 22, 1900.

J. OGDEN GOBLE was born May 30, 1865, on the homestead farm, one mile from Florida. His father was William Timelo and mother Jane Miller. There was one child, the subject of this sketch. Mr. Coble's father died February 19, 1883, and his mother died October 3, 1905. J. Ogden attended the Washington Academy and Seward Institute, and at the age of eighteen, upon the death of his father, took charge of the home farm, which he has since conducted. He married Miss Carrie Stevens, of Florida, April 17, 1889. They had one child, who died in infancy. Mr. Goble has served as inspector of election for a period of twenty-three years. He was master of Florida Grange No. 1053 for two years and is now its secretary.

CHARLES T. GOODRICH, born Newburgh, N. Y., December 5, 1846; learned machinist's trade in Washington Iron Works, and engaged for a time with Erie Railroad in various positions. In 1865 was victim of railroad wreck, which physically disabled him for life. Studied telegraphy and was employed by the Western Union Co. in New York, Newburgh and elsewhere. Has acted as correspondent for New York dailies for many years and also connected with local papers. Since 1870 Mr. Goodrich has been engaged in real estate and fire insurance business, and interested in several local business institutions. He is prominently identified with Knights of Pythias. In 1881 he married Hattie F., daughter of Capt. Isaac Jenkinson.

HON. LOUIS F. GOODSELL, of Highland Falls, who was State senator from the Twenty-third New York District, 1898 to 1906, was born January 30, 1846. His education was obtained at Tracey's (now Holbrook's) Military Academy, at Sing Sing, N. Y. While at school and but seventeen years of age, Mr. Goodsell enlisted in Company F, Forty-seventh New York Volunteers, and went to war. He was mustered out with the regiment, August 30, 1865. He then re-entered school, and in May, 1867, graduated from the Poughkeepsie Business College.

After spending two years in Omaha, Neb., he was a resident of Newburgh from 1869 to 1878. He spent five years in Savannah, Ga., and in 1885 was engaged in the oil business in Chicago, and the lumber business in Ottumwa, Iowa. He disposed of his interests in both places in 1887 to his partners and returned to his native town.

Early in life Mr. Goodsell became a firm believer in the principles of the Republican party, and has always fought with the greatest enthusiasm for the party's success at the polls. His superior ability as a political leader soon became recognized. He was a member of the Board of Supervisors eighteen years, and in 1894 was elected a member of assembly from the First District of Orange County. He was re-elected to the Assembly in 1895, 1896 and 1897. In 1898 he was elected State senator from the Twenty-third District, and was re-elected to that office in 1900, 1902 and 1904.

Mr. Goodsell's career as a legislator was eminently successful. A tireless worker, he devoted his efforts to furthering the interests of this district. Since his retirement from political life, he has cheerfully extended a helping hand to republican aspirants for public office. Mr. Goodsell married Miss Frances A. Parry, and two children, Harry and Edith, were born, both residents of Highland Falls.

EDGAR M. GORDON, of the hardware firm of Malven & Gordon, of Port Jervis, N. Y., was born December 22, 1850, at Cuddebackville, Orange County, N. Y. He obtained his early education at the district school in his locality and at Port Clinton, N. Y. He started at an early age as clerk in the canal store at Neversink Locks, where he remained for three years. He then served two years at the same place as telegraph operator. September 1, 1869, he came to Port Jervis, and clerked for St. John & Malven. About 1875 he purchased a half interest in the hardware store of George Malven. Mr. Gordon was married to Miss Ann Amelia Malven, daughter of George Malven, in June, 1877. Three children were born to this union, George M., Wilbur and Samuel, all residing at home. Mr. Gordon is a republican and in 1900 was elected supervisor of census of his congressional district. He is a member of the Mt. William Lodge, K. of P., is identified with the Reformed Dutch Church and is superintendent of the Sunday-school.

REV. C. GORSE was born in the town of Fulton, Schoharie County, N. Y., June 4, 1815. He was the eldest of four children of Robert and Mary Gorse, who owned a large farm in that township. The father of Robert Gorse was Ephraim, who spelled the name Goss, being of English extraction, a descendant of Sir John Goss, and a soldier of the Revolution who, having been wounded, perished in the rigors of the encampment at Valley Forge. Having acquired a common school education, he taught school during the winters, laying the foundation of a rugged constitution by working for his father on the farm during the summers, until having attained the age of manhood, he went to the theological seminary at Albany, joining the New York Conference in 1840. He resided in Newburgh at the time of his death, May 31, 1892, at the ripe age of seventy-nine. He was married on August 31, 1836, to Eleanor Louise Ireland, a daughter of Rev. Thomas Ireland, a descendant of Sir John Ireland, the former being a pioneer in the Albany circuit and a resident of Ireland Corners, New Albany. Of this marriage there were born three children: Dr. C. A. Gorse, of Cornwall; Mrs. Conrad Russ, of Albany, and Miss Louisa Virginia, for fifteen years organist of the Church of the Corner Stone and music teacher of Newburgh during the residence of her parents there and subsequently of Poughkeepsie, and organist of the Reformed Church at New Paltz. Rev. and Mrs. Gorse celebrated their golden wedding in Newburgh in 1886, when there was a distinguished company of the clergy with friends and relatives present, who expressed their high esteem for his moral and religious, character.

DR. CHARLES ASBURY GORSE was born at Roxbury, Delaware County. N. Y., July 12, 1841. He was the only son of the Rev. Charles Gorse and Eleanor Louise Ireland, his wife. By this union there were also two sisters, Eleanor Victoria, wife of Conrad Russ, of Albany, N. Y., and Louisa Virginia, single, of Poughkeepsie, N. Y. The doctor was educated at Poultney, Vermont, Charlotteville, Amenia, and Warnerville seminaries in this State, after which he taught schools at Stamford, Conn., Patchogue, L. I., Margaretville and Prattsville, N. Y., the last three being very successful private schools. He went from the latter place in 1861 to attend the Medical Department of the New York University, from which he graduated March 4, 1864. He practiced at Barngall, Dutchess County, Brooklyn, L. I., New Providence, N. J., Newark, N. J., about two years at each, prior to coming to Vail's Gate, N. Y., in 1872, where he remained until his marriage on June 12, 1878, to Sarah Elizabeth Brooks, only daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Charles Brooks, of Bethlehem, where he has practiced his profession ever since. Of this union there were born three children, Charles Victor, Virginia Elizabeth and Robert Sylvester. The doctor has served as town physician for the towns of Cornwall and New Windsor for several years at various periods, and also as health officer for the latter town. One of his ancestors, Ephraim Goss, was a soldier of the Revolution. The doctor has always been a staunch republican, casting his first vote for Abraham Lincoln on his second election.

JOHN H. GRAHAM, who for many years was one of the representative farmers and dairymen of the town of Montgomery, was born there in 1822 and died in 1906. He was a son of William and Hannah (Houston) Graham, natives of Orange County. William Graham was an active democrat and served his town as assessor and supervisor. He was also a member of assembly and declined the nomination for State Senator. John H. Graham remained at home until the death of his father, when he inherited a part of the homestead and subsequently purchased the interest of the other heirs. He was a man well read and much interested in public affairs, always taking an active part in promoting the welfare of the democratic party. Though not an office-seeker, he was at one time nominated for member of assembly. In 1856 he was united in marriage to Miss Isabella Young, of Neelytown. The farm, which comprises one hundred and eighty acres, is now conducted by his nephew, Mr. Charles H. Graham, who is numbered among the progressive citizens of Orange County.

EDWARD DAVIS GREEN was born July 18, 1856, at Chester, N. Y. His parents were Edward and Elizabeth Davis. To this union were born four sons and four daughters, only two of whom are now living, Edward D. and Charles.

Our subject obtained his education at the Chester Academy and at Eastman's Business College, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. Mr. Green has always been identified with agricultural pursuits. He married Clara Hadden, of Chester, N. Y., November 20, 1877. Their one child died in infancy, and the wife died in 1888.

In politics Mr. Green is a republican and has served as road commissioner four years. He is a member of the Chester Grange and the Presbyterian Church.

GEORGE W. GREEN--Among the older business houses of Newburgh is the book and stationery store of George W. Green, which was established at 47 Water street by Mr. Green, November 1, 1869. May 1, 1886, he moved to his present quarters at 65 and 67 Water street. Mr. Green was born in Newburgh in 1840. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity and trustee of the Newburgh Savings Bank.

ISRAEL Y. GREEN was born April 30, 1817, and died August 20, 1876. His early education was acquired at the district school. He was a democrat and served the town as supervisor for several years. Mr. Green was married to Mary Jane (McBride) Drake, of Minisink, widow of Joshua Drake, who died November 21, 1857. There were four children born to them: Sarah F., wife of John Fields, Jr., of Otisville; Myra, wife of Thomas F. Knapp, of Jersey City; Israel, who died at Staten Island in 1901, and one child, who died in infancy.

SAMUEL GREEN was born at Ringwood, Passaic County, N. J., December 18, 1840, being the second of six children of Henry and Mary Green. He attended the district school at Edenville, Orange County, and for three years attended the Seward Institute, Florida. He then learned the trade of blacksmithing in his father's shop. He was a village trustee from 1864 to 1879. He is now an active member of the Florida fire department, which he helped organize in 1885, and was one of the incorporators of the Florida water system, which cost $23,000.

He is a member of Warwick Lodge No. 544, F. and A. M., of which he was master two years; member of Midland Chapter No. 240, of Middletown, and Cypress Commandery No. 67.

Mr. Green's wife is Mary E. Miller, of Florida, to whom he was married September 6, 1866. They have had eight children, five of whom are living. Addie, wife of Fred Roe; Jeanette, wife of William Creeden; Elizabeth, wife of Frank Kortright; Edith, wife of William Boyd; and Fred, who resides at home.

WILLIAM H. GREEN, postmaster and merchant at Slate Hill, N. Y., is a native of the town of Warwick, N. Y., and established his present business in 1883. He was appointed postmaster under Cleveland in 1884; had charge of the post-office under Harrison, and was re-appointed postmaster in 1892, during Cleveland's second term. His present appointment dates from June 25, 1900. Mr. Green has served two terms as town collector, and one term as poor master. Green's Hall is utilized for the transaction of the affairs of the town of Wawayanda.

WILLIAM R. GREEN was born January 12, 1859, on the homestead farm between Chester and Florida. He attended school at the Somerville district school, Chester Academy and Eastman's College, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. He married Anna May Dill, of Burnside, N. Y., November 12, 1890. Their one child, Josephine, was born February 29, 1892. Mr. Green was twice married, his first wife having died May 27, 1894. He married for a second wife Clara B. Tuthill, of Goshen, June 1, 1898. To this union were born two children, Irene Tuthill, and William R., Jr. In politics Mr. Green is a republican. He is a member of the Grange and the Chester Presbyterian church.

OSCAR S. GREENLEAF, proprietor of the Greenleaf Hotel of Otisville, N. Y., was born July 16, 1876. He is a son of John E. Greenleaf, born September 15, 1852, and Sarah Jennie (Shaw) Greenleaf, born August 16, 1853. In 1884 John E. Greenleaf rented the hotel, then known as the Blizzard House, and conducted it two years, after which he purchased the Washington Hotel, which he continued until his death, April 22, 1894. His wife died March 25, 1905.

There were seven children born to Mr. and Mrs. John E. Greenleaf, Charles D., born September 28, 1874, superintendent of the Borden Creamery at Thompson, Pa.; Grace M., wife of Charles Hoyt, of Mount Hope, born March 15, 1878; Edwin H. born July 22, 1880, residing at Newburgh, N. Y., plant superintendent of the Hudson River Telephone Company; Lillian, born May 22, 1882, residing in New York City; Frank B., born August 8, 1884, assistant agent of Erie Railroad at Otisville, N. Y.; James Acker, born June 6, 1886, and Oscar S.

The primary education of our subject was obtained at the district school at Mapledale in the town of Wallkill, after which he assisted his father in the hotel until his death. He then assumed the management of the hotel. Mr. Greenleaf was united in marriage to Miss Mary E. Craig, daughter of A. J. and Mary Etta Craig, of Otisville, N. Y., May 6, 1903. One child has blessed this union, Oscar B., born March 27, 1905. Socially Mr. Greenleaf is a member of Hoffman Lodge No. 412, F. and A. M., of Middletown, N. Y., and Midland Chapter No. 240, R. A. M. In politics he is a republican.

JOHN L. GREGORY, one of Middletown's representative and esteemed citizens, was born September 28, 1841, at Monroe, Orange County, N. Y. His father was John S. and mother Nancy R. (Strong) Gregory. Mr. Gregory attained his early education at the academy at Monroe. After his schooling he learned the harness trade with his father, who died in 1906 at the age of eighty-eight years. The son assumed control of the business, which he conducted successfully for twenty years. His mother died in 1905 at the age of sixty-five years. Mr. Gregory came to Middletown and erected a handsome flat building called the "Gregorian," and is largely identified in real estate interests in the city. He married Angeline Babcock, of Monroe, November 27, 1877. Five children have been born to this union, Anna Louise, born August 17, 1878; Ruth B., born July 31, 1880; C. Alice, born June 18, 1886; and Marguerite, born August 18, 1896. Mr. Gregory and his estimable wife are members of St. Paul's church. In politics he is a republican.

ANDREW J. GUMAER was born at Godeffroy, Orange County, N. Y., November 4, 1833. His parents were Peter E. Gumaer and Ester Cuddeback. Our subject obtained his education at the district school and the Goshen Academy. After his schooling he worked in a general store and on the farm at Godeffroy. In 1872 he removed to Guymard, this county, and opened a general store, which he has since continued.

He married for his first wife Anna E. Strong, October 8, 1862, daughter of Augustus and Mary (Comstock) Strong. They had one child, who died in infancy. Mr. Gumaer chose for his second wife Adelia P. Strong, January 4, 1868. To this union were born three children, William J., Andrew and Annie E. In politics Mr. Gumaer is independent. The family attend the Dutch Reformed Church.

CHAUNCEY I. GUMAER was born February 20, 1860, at Godeffroy, Orange County, N. Y. He attended the district school, after which he removed to Alma, Colorado, in 1879, engaging in the general mercantile business for a period of twenty-three years. He was also identified with mining at the same place. He returned to Orange County in 1902, and has since been engaged in mining at Guymard, for the Guymard Lead and Zinc Mining Company, of which Mr. Gumaer is president, he married Miss Bell Graham, of Westtown, for his first wife, and she died in Colorado. For his second wife he married Alma G. Petterson, of Alma, Colorado. Their three children are Lucile G.. Helen J. and Alma M. In politics Mr. Gumaer is independent. His father, Peter L. Gumaer, was born January 29, 1827, in the old stone house near Godeffroy, Orange County, N. Y. When he became fifteen years of age he engaged in the general merchandise business with his brother, which they conducted for a period of twenty years. He afterward removed to Guymard and opened a general store and conducted a summer hotel, which was destroyed by fire in 1892. He has been postmaster at Guymard since 1865. Mr. Gumaer married Sarah Jane Mulock, of Greenville, N. Y., in 1853, and she died November 30, 1907. There were six children born to them, Georgeina I., Laertes W., Chauncey I., Franklin P., George S. and Marie Louise. Mr. Gumaer was formerly a member of Hoffman Lodge, F. and A. M. Peter L. Gumaer with his brothers, built the road connecting the Neversink Valley road with the Newburgh, Goshen and Carpenter's Point turnpike. They also constructed the suspension bridge across the Neversink River. It was through this movement the lead and zinc mines at Guymard were discovered, which has produced twenty million tons of lead and zinc ore.

SAMUEL HADDEN, a well known citizen of Chester, N. Y., (a portrait of whom appears in another part of this volume), is of French Huguenot descent, and was born in Rockland County, March 19, 1828. His father died of cholera in 1832, and in 1835 his mother married Edward Bellamy. They removed to Florida, Orange County, in 1839, where Samuel attended school and also assisted on the farm. When eighteen years of age he learned the trade of carriage making at Vail's Gate, Orange County. On April 12, 1852, he accepted the position of foreman of James Hallock & Sons carriage manufactory at Sugar Loaf. March 8, 1854, he removed to Chester Depot and purchased the business of Henry Wood, which he conducted until 1888. He was president of the village of Chester two terms, has been town collector and supervisor five terms and for twenty-five years has served as inspector of election. He joined the Presbyterian Church March 17, 1849, and since that time has been a consistent and active member, serving as elder of the church for thirty years. He is a member of the local grange. He married Eliza Jane McGill, of Cornwall, May 7, 1851, and they have had three children, Alice J., Clara and Eugene. Clara died at the age of thirty years. Mr. Hadden's wife died March 10, 1903. His mother's children, two sons and two daughters by her first husband, and one son and a daughter by her second, are all dead, excepting Samuel and John. The mother died in her eighty-first year. Mr. Hadden's farm of one hundred acres is the farm on which the ancestors of Secretary Seward were born and raised. This locality was at that time called Sommerville. He exhibited vehicles at the state fair held in Elmira, N. Y., in 1855, and secured second premium. His exhibits at the Orange County fair have always taken first premium.

JESSE HALBERT was born on a farm near Lake, Orange County, August 20, 1842. He and a brother, Albert Ruggles, are the only two living of the six children of Ezra and Phila Ann Halbert. His mother died in 1844 and his father in 1873. Jesse acquired his education at the district school, after which he followed agricultural pursuits and has remained a farmer. He has a dairy farm of two hundred and sixteen acres and is a breeder of Holstein cattle. He married Miss Emily Bates, of Morristown, N. J., May 29, 1878, and their two living children are Ezra, horn May 5, 1879, and Clarence, born July 25, 1881. Another son, Alfred, born January 13, 1883, died January 11, 1900. Ezra and Clarence have three hundred and seventy acres. Ezra is a member of Warwick Grange, a Republican and an energetic and progressive farmer.

DR. CHARLES H. HALL, a practicing physician at Monroe, N. Y., was born in Warwick, Orange County, in 1861. He was educated at the State Normal School at Albany and received his medical training from the College of Physicians and Surgeons of New York and the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Baltimore. He graduated in 1891 and has since practiced at Monroe. In 1901 he was appointed surgeon to the Erie Railroad. Dr. Hall is a member of the county and state medical societies and enjoys an extensive practice. He married Miss Tillie J. Mitchell, of New York and three daughters have been born to them. Dr. Hall is a son of Alva and Dermeda (Hunter) Hall. His ancestors settled in Orange County previous to the Revolution and took an active part in the nation's struggle for liberty, his great-grandfather, John Hall, being a Revolutionary soldier, who, it is supposed, was a son of Lyman Hall, one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence.

GEORGE E. HALLIDAY, of Newburgh, was born in Dutchess County, N. Y., in 1874. He has resided in Newburgh since infancy, and was educated at the schools of this city. In 1887 he associated himself in the shoe business with J. M. Stoutenburgh, with whom he remained five years; later with Sol. Cohen, and in 1905 the shoe firm of Halliday and Van Buren was organized, which continued two years, and in May of 1907 Mr. Halliday opened his present emporium.

Mr. Halliday is identified with the Masonic fraternity, a member of the Wheelmen's Club, the Canoe and Boating Association and the Orange Lake Yacht Club.

In 1907 he was united in marriage with Miss Marion, daughter of the late John Gail Borden, for many years president of the widely known Borden Condensed Milk Company.

CHARLES E. HAND, a prominent farmer, who resided for many years near Mountainville, Orange County, N Y., was born in the town of Cornwall in 1852, and died suddenly February 20, 1908. After finishing his education at the district and Newburgh schools, he learned the carpenter's trade. Following his marriage to Miss Emma C Smith, he purchased a farm in the town of Woodbury. This consisted originally of three hundred and fifty acres. A portion of this land he sold to the Erie Railroad for the construction of their new branch.

Politically Mr. Hand was a Republican and took a very active part in local public matters. He served as school trustee many years, and in 1904 was elected justice of the peace. He was master of the Mountainville Grange and past chancellor of the Knights of Pythias.

Our subject was a son of Edward S. and Charity (Mailler) Hand. He is survived by his wife and three children. One son is senior member of the firm of Hand & Brooks, real estate brokers, of Newburgh, N. Y.

WILLIAM HARER, who conducts a billiard, pool, bowling and cigar establishment in Highland Falls, purchased this business in 1906 from his uncle, Edward F. Farrell, continuing it with much success. His father, William Harer, and his mother, who was formerly Miss Farrell, were old residents of this locality. Our subject was born in this village in 1882, where he received his education at the public schools. He is a member of the Knights of Columbus and enjoys an unusual degree of popularity among his fellow citizens.

JAMES HARRISON (deceased), senior member of the firm of Harrison & Gore, silk manufacturers, Newburgh, N. Y., born Yorkshire, England, 1840. At the age of six years he came with his parents to Newburgh. After finishing his studies, he engaged with his father in the manufacture of woolen goods. In 1877 he owned the business, operating two mills and continued therein until 1892, when he changed his product to silk and formed a partnership with his son-in-law, Mr. Gore, and his sons, F. J. Harrison and Jas. Harrison, Jr. Mr. Harrison was one of the original directors of the Y. M. C. A. and trustee of Grace M. E. Church. He was twice married; his first wife, who was Miss Lull, died in 1898. In 1899 he married Mrs. Caroline A. Foreman (nee Ely), principal of a New York school. Mr. Harrison was a son of Joshua and Mary A. (Emsley) Harrison, both natives of England. Mr. Harrison died June 13, 1907.

JOHN J. E. HARRISON, manufacturer, Newburgh, and ex-supervisor Sixth ward; born Rock City, Dutchess County, May 30, 1846; graduated from Eastman's Business College, Poughkeepsie; opened a general store in West Broadway, Newburgh, 1876, also dealing extensively in fleece wool. In 1897 he succeeded to the business of the Brown Lime Company, in which he is at present engaged. Mr. Harrison is a veteran of the Civil War, was wounded at Devoe's Neck in a skirmish; served in Company B, Fifty-sixth New York State Volunteers (Tenth Legion); member Fullerton Post, G. A. R.; identified with Masonic fraternity and I. O. O. F. In politics Republican. In 1907 he was chosen chairman of the board of supervisors of Orange County.

WILLIAM C. HART, a prominent agriculturist of East Walden, was born in the town of Montgomery, December 18, 1843; the only son of Henry C. and Hannah Jane (Overheiser) Hart. He has resided since childhood on the well-known farm "Sycamore Place."

November 18, 1869, he married Elizabeth Mould, daughter of the late Hamilton Morrison. Two sons, Henry Melvin and Robert Clarence, have been born to them.

Mr. Hart is a member of the First Reformed Church at Walden; a director of the Orange County Agricultural Society; one of the founders and secretary of the Wallkill Valley Farmers' Association. In 1894, Mr. Hart originated and has since published the _Annual Souvenir_ of this organization--a publication of much artistic merit.

GENERAL HENRY C. HASBROUCK was born in Newburgh, N. Y., October 26, 1839, and is a son of William C. and Mary E. (Roe) Hasbrouck. He was appointed a cadet of the Military Academy, July 1, 1856; second lieutenant, Fourth Artillery, May 6, 1861; first lieutenant, May 14, 1861; captain, July 26, 1866; major, March 5, 1887; lieutenant-colonel, October 29, 1896; colonel, February 13, 1899. In 1898 he was appointed brigadier-general, U. S. V., commanding the second division of the Second Army Corps, and appointed brigadier-general of the regular army December 1, 1902. He retired January 5, 1903. General Hasbrouck was commandant of cadets United States Military Academy at West Point, N. Y., from 1882 to 1888. He was a member of the board in 1888 that prepared the infantry, cavalry and artillery drill regulations adopted by the War Department for use in the United States Army. General Hasbrouck married Miss Laetitia Viele Warren, October 26, 1882. They now reside in Newburgh.

General Hasbrouck is a direct descendant of Abraham Hasbrouck, one of the twelve New Paltz patentees. He married Mary Deyo; their son Joseph married Elsie Schoonmaker; their son Benjamin married Elidia Schoonmaker, and their son Cornelius married Janet Keho, who became the parents of William C. as noted above.

PHILLIP HASBROUCK, a retired citizen of Walden, N. Y., who has served Orange County as Superintendent of the Poor for a period of nine years, is a descendant of the old Ulster County family of Hasbroucks who settled in New Paltz previous to 1677. He is a son of Joseph and Sarah (Le Fever) Hasbrouck and was born in the village of New Paltz and educated at the schools of that place. His younger days were spent in farming, after which he conducted a lumber, coal and feed business with much success in Walden. He is now vice-president of the Schrade Cutlery Company. Politically, Mr. Hasbrouck is a Republican and has been very active in promoting the interests of his party. Mr. Hasbrouck married Miss Mary Matthews, daughter of the late George Matthews, who, up to the time of his death, was vice-president of the New York Knife Works.

WILLIAM GEORGE HASTINGS, son of James and Mary J. (Brown) Hastings, was born in Newburgh, N. Y., and died at Albany, June 28, 1907. Mr. Hastings was educated at the public schools of Newburgh and Siglar's Preparatory School.

From early manhood he was identified with the Republican party, and was an earnest worker for its success. He served as deputy postmaster under Joseph A. Sneed and was later private secretary to ex-Governor Odell while the latter was congressman.

In 1904 Mr. Hastings was elected member of assembly from the First District of Orange County, and re-elected in 1905 and again in 1906, and at each term of the legislature was appointed to important committees.

Mr. Hastings was prominent in Masonic circles; he was a veteran of the Tenth Separate Company; a member of the Odd Fellows, Ringgold Hose Company, Newburgh Wheelmen and Newburgh City Club.

In 1891 Mr. Hastings was united in marriage with Miss May E. Moore, of Newburgh. One daughter, Mildred, was born to them.

Few men of Orange County were so popular as Mr. Hastings, and much sorrow was felt by his fellow citizens when it became known that their brilliant genial representative at Albany had been called from earth.

REV. WARREN HATHAWAY, D. D., who has held the pastorate of the Blooming Grove Congregational Church for forty years, was born in Saratoga County, N. Y., in 1828, a son of Rev. Levi and Rhoda (Miller) Hathaway. His education was obtained at Oberlin College, Ohio, and it was there he began his clerical studies. He was ordained in Connecticut and his first charge was in the town of Lebanon, Conn., where he remained a year and a half. He was then transferred to Fall River for a period of six years, following which he held a pastorate at Medway, Greene County, N. Y., until 1866, when he came to Blooming Grove. By his first wife, who was Miss Cornelia Day, Dr. Hathaway had five children, three of whom are living. For his second wife he chose Miss Elizabeth H. Miller. Although nearly four score years of age. Dr. Hathaway is very active in the affairs of the church, with which he has been identified so many years.

IRA A. HAWKINS. The Hawkins family traces its origin far back into England's earliest history. The first to come to America were Robert Hawkins and his wife, Mary, who came over in the good ship "Elizabeth and Ann," Captain Cooper, master, in 1635, and settled in Charlestown, Mass.

Moses Hawkins was born October 8, 1763, and came to Orange County in 1790. He married Phebe Harlow, and settled in East Division, town of Goshen, on the farm now occupied by his great grandson, Frank T. Hawkins. They had three sons, Benjamin, Ira and Samuel, and one daughter, Mary, who married Joshua Howell.

Ira, born January 31, 1796, married May 17, 1821, Hannah, daughter of General Abram and Esther Rockwell Vail. They settled on a farm near Chester, where they lived fifty years. They had six children. Their eldest son, James, born June 3, 1822, married Adaline Green, daughter of John and Julia Roe Green, in 1844. In the following year they removed to Hamptonburgh, at which place he established his home, and remained on the same farm until his death in 1887. He was trustee and elder of the First Presbyterian Church of Hamptonburgh. Their children were William Green; James R. V. Iraeneus, who died in infancy; Adaline Green, married Alfred E. Ivers, of Allendale, N. J.; Charles Francis; M. Jennie, married James L. Price, of Hamptonburgh and Ira A.

Having become a widower in 1865, on October 28, 1868, he married Emily A., daughter of George W. and Hester A. (Sanford) Price, of Hamptonburgh. They had one son, George W. P., and one daughter, Emma Antoinette, married John Budd Gregory, who now occupy the homestead farm.

Ira A. Hawkins, born August 4, 1864, at the death of his father in 1887, came with his brother George into possession of the farm, where he resided until 1894, when he sold his interests in the place to his brother and purchased the C. L. Morehouse farm, near Warwick, on the Edenville road, where he now resides. Besides successfully carrying on his farm, he is also engaged in the insurance business. He is now serving as treasurer and elder of the Dutch Reformed Church of Warwick.

On October 24, 1888, he married Anna, daughter of Valentine and Hannah (Seaman) Seaman, of Blooming Grove, who were both lineal descendants of Captain John Seaman, who settled at Long Island in 1660.

Their children are: Valentine Seaman, born December 1, 1889, died September 7, 1893; Charles Francis, born March 9, 1892; Ira Alden, born December 30, 1894, and Harold James, born November 20, 1896.

IRWIN E. HAWKINS was born and reared on the homestead farm near Otisville. He acquired his early education at the district school, and at an early age identified himself with farming. When he attained the age of thirty-two years he engaged in the milk business at Middletown and Mount Vernon, Westchester County, N. Y. He has served as town collector for three years, school collector six years and commissioner of highways. In politics he is a republican. He followed the carpenter trade for two years and is now identified with the Otisville Sanatorium. He married Miss Harriet Smith, daughter of Frank and Hannah (Bell) Smith, October 19, 1892. Mr. Hawkins is a member of the Otisville Grange No. 1020. He and his wife are members of the Otisville Methodist Church and are liberal contributors to its support.

UZAL T. HAYES was born at Bloomfield, N. J., February 5, 1834. His early education was acquired at the Bloomfield Free School, which was the first in New Jersey, after which he attended the Seymour Institute. In 1856 he engaged in the leather business in Newark, N. J., and in December, 1865, became a partner in the firm of T. P. Howell & Co., which afterward took the name of Howell, Hinchman & Co. In 1880 the company was incorporated and Mr. Hayes was made its treasurer and general manager.

He married Miss Caroline A. Morris, of Bloomfield, N. J., in 1860. She died July 3, 1888. Their four children are Harry M., Thomas E., Caroline and Mabel. Mr. Hayes has served as a member of the board of education and president of the board of water commissioners. Socially he is a Royal Arch Mason and a member of the I. O. O. F. of Newark, N. J. In politics he is a republican.

JOHN HAZEN was born at Greenwood Lake, Orange County, March 18, 1835; died December 19, 1907. As a democrat he was chosen tax collector for one term and a constable for two years. He was owner of the Hotel Boulevard at Greenwood Lake, and also proprietor of the Windemere Hotel, which accommodates seventy-five guests, and of the Brandon House. He owned many good horses, among them "Peaches," with a record of 2:12, and "Stately Dame," with a record of 2:27. His wife, who was Sarah A. Merritt, of Sloatsburg, died in 1906. Two of their four children are living, Mary, wife of John Van Ness, and Daisy, wife of William Wright.

Mr. Hazen became a guide for sportsmen who came to the Waterstone and Brandon Houses for their vacations, to fish and hunt, and without educational or financial advantages, took on the tastes and manners of associates who had them. The friends he made of business men whom he guided over mountains and lakes after game in his younger days remained his friends all their lives. Such attachments tell, probably better than anything else we might write, of the genial, modest and thoroughly reliable traits of the departed.

JOEL T. HEADLEY was born December 30, 1813, at Walton, Delaware County, N. Y., where his father was settled for many years as the Presbyterian clergyman. Mr. Headley early determined to make his father's vocation his own, and after graduating from Union College, in 1839, he took a course in theology at the Auburn Theological Seminary.

After being ordained he was settled over a church at Stockbridge, Mass., and immediately entered with enthusiasm upon the discharge of the numerous duties inseparably connected with the sacred office. He soon found, however, that his constitution, already undermined by many years of unceasing application and incessant study, was unable to stand the further strain imposed upon it, and he was reluctantly compelled to relinquish his chosen profession, and in 1842 went to Europe.

While abroad he occasionally contributed articles to the press and periodicals, and the favorable manner in which they were received encouraged him to offer to the public his "Letters from Italy." The gratifying reception at once accorded to this work first turned his mind seriously toward literary pursuits, and soon after his return from Europe he yielded to the solicitations of his friend Horace Greeley, and became the associate editor of the _New York Tribune._ The confining duties necessarily connected with the duties of an editor soon became irksome to him, and at the end of a year he severed his connection with that paper and henceforth pursued the path of authorship. In 1846 "Napoleon and His' Marshals" appeared, and was followed at various periods by "Washington and His Generals," "History of the War of 1812," "Life of Cromwell," "Life of Havelock," "Life of Scott and Jackson," "Sacred Mountains," "Sacred Scenes and Characters," "Sacred Heroes and Martyrs," "Headley's Miscellanys," "The Imperial Guard," "Chaplains and Clergy of the Revolution," "The Great Rebellion," "Grant and Sherman," "Life of Farragut, and Our Naval Commanders," and "History of the Great Riots," besides other works of lesser note.

Mr. Headley's literary work suffered a few year's interruption when, in 1854, he was elected to the New York assembly from the First District of Orange County, and the year following was chosen secretary of the State of New York. Mr. Headley did not lay down his busy pen until late in life, and the popular favor which was accorded him at the outset of his career never entirely left him, and all his books were remunerative.

Mr. Headley's passionate love for nature in all her various moods led him nearly forty years ago to seek those great solitudes which the Adirondacks had at that time kept concealed from all men save the trapper or woodsman. He was so enamored of that Switzerland of America that for over thirty years he made yearly pilgrimages for health and pleasure to that beautiful region. He was probably the first tourist to visit that section, and his descriptions of its charms and health-giving powers soon induced large numbers to visit it, and thus led to its becoming the great fashionable resort it is to-day.

For over thirty years Mr. Headley resided in Newburgh and vicinity, and always took an active interest in the historic scenes and acts with which our locality abounds. The patriotic attempts of several of our citizens to secure the preservation of that venerated building, Washington's Headquarters, received his hearty support, and for many years he was president of the trustees of the headquarters.

Believing in the importance of fixing in the minds of the people all those events which are vitally connected with the fate of our republic, he early conceived the idea of celebrating in some public manner those historic events which have made Newburgh famous in American history. To him more than any other individual is due, not only the inception, but also the successful carrying out of our centennial celebration in 1883.

Mr. Headley passed the allotted span of life, dying at Newburgh, December 30, 1897, in his eighty-fourth year.

JACOB L. HICKS, formerly supervisor of the town of Highland, was born in Orange County, N. Y., in 1874. From 1893 to 1896 he was stationed at West Point with the United States Army. When war was declared with Spain, in 1898, Mr. Hicks went to the front with the Seventy-first New York Regiment. After he was mustered out he established his present grocery store at Highland Falls, in which he has been very successful. Mr. Hicks, who is a staunch democrat, was elected supervisor November, 1905. In 1907 he was again a candidate for the office and was elected by four votes, which is now being contested in the Supreme Court.

Mr. Hicks is a member of the Army and Navy Union and of the Knights of Columbus. He married Miss Frances G. Hager, and three children have been born to them. He was instrumental in the establishment of the First National Bank of Highland Falls, and is connected with all movements pertaining to the advancement of the village.

HENRY C. HIGGINSON, president of the Higginson Manufacturing Co., of Newburgh, occupies an important position in the industrial life of the Hudson Valley. The company owns the Windsor Gypsum Company and Lenox Gypsum Company of Nova Scotia; also half owners of the Sing Sing Lime Company, Ossining, N. Y., operating a line of four freight steamers between Ossining and New York City.

Mr. Higginson was born in Dubuque, Iowa, in 1852, and came to Newburgh at the age of twelve years. After finishing his studies he engaged in his present business, then known as W. R. Brown & Co., manufacturers of Rosendale Cement. The business was established in 1865, and in 1872 was merged into the Newburgh Cement & Plaster Company. In 1875, Mr. Higginson became sole proprietor of the business, and in 1899 the firm name was changed to Higginson Manufacturing Company.

CHARLES HIGHAM. Nine months after Charles Higham's birth at Manchester, England, April 6, 1867, he was brought to America by his parents, who settled in Middletown in January, 1868. In Manchester his father had been a fancy silk weaver. Here he became proprietor of the Wallkill House, and conducted it until his death, in 1872. He was married twice, his second wife before marriage being Elizabeth Redfield, of Manchester. Charles was the youngest of their two children, and finished his school education at the Wallkill Academy. His mother assumed the responsibilities of the hotel management after her husband's death, and conducted the Wallkill House ten years, when, in 1882, she became proprietor of the Commercial Hotel. In April of that year her son Charles, although but fifteen years of age, became controlling manager, and is now the proprietor of this hotel. He is now chief for the eleventh time of the Middletown fire department, with which he has been actively identified twenty-five years. He is a member and treasurer of the Firemen's Relief and Benefit Association and president of the board of representatives of the Middletown fire department. The societies of which he is a member are Hoffman Lodge No. 412, F. and A. M.; Midland Chapter No. 240; Cypress Commandery, No. 67: Mecca Shrine of New York City; Wilbur H. Weston Shrine of Newburgh, and Port Jervis B. P. O. E., No. 645. He organized, maintains and is president of the Charles Higham fife and drum corps of twenty-five members.

GEORGE S. HILL, son of William and Ruth Augusta (Hovey) Hill, was born at Bullville, Orange County, N. Y., in 1854. In 1865, his father moved to the town of Newburgh and purchased the Henry Miller property, consisting of thirty-eight acres. George S. obtained his education at the district schools of this locality and finished his studies at the Claverack Institute. He has since been engaged in farming and is identified with the Little Britain Grange. He married Miss Sarah E. Waugh, and their home is pleasantly situated on the State road, near Coldenham.

REUBEN HILTON, attorney of Newburgh, is a son of William H. and Mary A. (Colwell) Hilton. He was born in Newburgh, 1877. Mr. Hilton graduated from the Andover preparatory school in 1896 and spent two and a half years at Yale University. He is a graduate from the New York Law School in 1901, and has since practiced in Newburgh, where he was appointed collector of the port, May, 1906. He is a member of the Andover Alumni Association and the Wheelmen's Club of Newburgh. He married Miss Minnie Dawes, of Washington, D. C.

WILLIAM T. HILTON, son of John and Anna L. (Turner) Hilton, was born in Newburgh, July 18, 1866. His education was obtained at the Newburgh Academy and Phillips Exeter Academy, Exeter, N. H. Since his father's death he has acted as executor and manager of the numerous properties which his father left. Mr. Hilton is treasurer of the Newburgh Brick Company and a member of the board of health.

The opportunities which Newburgh presents to men of intelligence and perseverance have a striking illustration in the career of John Hilton, who, commencing as a poor boy, amassed a large fortune solely through the channels of real estate, becoming one of the largest individual property owners in the city.

JOHN H. HINCHMAN, deceased, was born September 5, 1820, at Paterson, N. J. He conducted a livery business at Sussex, N. J., later removing to Orange County, and purchased the Quackenbush and Sherwood farms at Neelytown. Mr. Hinchman resided in Neelytown some time and finally sold the Quackenbush farm to John P. Covert and the Sherwood farm to R. J. Fisher. He then purchased the Orange Hotel, at Goshen, which he conducted six years. He was married to Eliza Hopper, of Paterson, N. J. He was a democrat and took an active interest in local affairs. John H. Hinchman, Jr., attained his early education at Waters' Academy and Miller's Business Institute, Paterson, N. J. He married Miss Maggie Gray, of Port Jervis, February, 1883. Their children are Catherine G., born January 29, 1884, and Florence M., born November 7, 1898. Mr. Hinchman is identified with the democratic party and attends the Episcopal Church.

FRANK HOLBERT, son of Albert Ruggles and Mary (Wisner) Holbert, was born at Lake, Warwick Township. His education was acquired at the district school and Warwick high school, from which he graduated. He was for a time employed in a restaurant in New York City, and in 1899 engaged in the business for himself in Park Place, New York, which was afterward destroyed by fire. He then opened a similar establishment at 12-14 Warren street, which he has since conducted. This is a large establishment, catering to the better class of people. Mr. Holbert married Miss Grace Pelton, December 17, 1890. She is the eldest daughter of William W. and Alemeda (Knapp) Pelton, of Warwick, N. Y. Three children have been born to this union: Resmem Wisner, born October 26, 1891; Albert Ruggles, born April 12, 1805, and Grace Pelton, born June 24, 1904. Mr. Holbert is a member of Warwick Lodge, No. 544, F. and A. M.

D. M. HOLLENBECK, a retired merchant of Turner, N. Y., was born in 1844 in Herkimer County. After finishing his schooling he occupied the position of wholesale agent in New York City five years. In 1873 he established a general store at Turners, which he conducted with much success for thirty-three years. He disposed of the business in 1906 and has since lived in retirement. Mr. Hollenbeck served as postmaster two terms during Cleveland's administrations. He also held the office of town clerk for four years. He has been twice married. His first wife was Matilda Bush, who left one son, Arthur O.

In 1881 he married Elizabeth Barnes. They have four children: Mary H., wife of Peter H. Bush, of Brewster, N. Y.; Cora, the wife of H. F. Pembleton, of Central Valley; Grace B. and Alan W., at home.

HENRY A. HOLLEY, of Otisville, N. Y., was born October 7, 1873. He married Harriet Easton, October 7, 1896, and three children were born to them: Henry B., born August 26, 1898; Elizabeth Corwin, born April 30, 1900, and J. Easton, born September 20, 1905. He is a member of Standard Lodge, No. 711, F. and A. M., of Monroe, N. Y.; past chancellor of Chester Lodge, No. 363, K. of P., and member of the Modern Woodmen of America, Otisville Lodge, No. 1083. In politics he is a republican, and was nominated on the republican ticket in the fall of 1907 for justice of the peace. His father, David A., was born in Ulster County, N. Y., February 2, 1850, and attended the district school, where he obtained his early education. At an early age he associated himself with his father, learning the wheelwright trade, which vocation he has always followed. He married Annie Arnoys, of Ellenville, N. Y., September 2, 1873. Three children were born to this union: Henry A.; Nellie B., born July 19, 1876, wife of Alexander Mitchell, of Hopewell, N. Y., and Emma G., born February 22, 1880, wife of James Hawkins, of Otisville, N. Y. In politics he is a republican, but was elected as overseer of the poor by both parties for a period of twelve years. His wife died October, 1893. He is a member of Hoffman Lodge, No. 412, F. and A. M.

CHARLES HORTON, deceased, was born at Colchester, Delaware County, N. Y., February 25, 1815. He engaged in the tanning business at Callicoon, Sullivan County, and ultimately became the leader in that industry, owning and operating more tanning establishments than any other one man in the country. He was also the first to engage in that business in Sullivan County.

He married Betsy Grant, daughter of Joseph Grant, of Sullivan County, and six children were born to them: Lucinda, Gordon B., Melvin, Francis E., Louise and Florence. Mr. Horton resided in Middletown for many years, and was one of its most progressive and useful citizens. The family attended Grace Episcopal Church.

WEBB HORTON who has been an active, progressive and extensive business man, is now eighty-two years old, having been born February 24, 1826, at Colchester, Delaware County. His parents, Isaac and Prudence Knapp Horton, were married in 1807, and had ten children. Mr. Horton's early education was in the district school, between which and his father's farm he divided his time, until he was fifteen years of age, when he learned the trade of wood turning and worked at it ten years. In 1854 he built the tannery at Narrowsburgh, N. Y., which he operated for ten years. In 1864 he went to Warren County, Pa., and engaged in tanning--a business with which he has since been connected until recent years. He married Miss Elizabeth A. Radeker, of the town of Montgomery, in 1855, and they have had three children: Junius, who died in 1879, while a cadet at the Bisbee Military Academy in Poughkeepsie; Eugene, associated with the United States Leather Company, of New York City, and Carrie, residing at home. Mr. Horton has been one of the representative men of Middletown and his comprehensive grasp of large business affairs is shown in the remarkable success he has achieved. He is now living retired in the enjoyment of a peaceful old age in one of the finest residences in the state, overlooking Middletown, which he recently built. His wife is a member of the Westminster Presbyterian Church, and both are highly esteemed by their neighbors and acquaintances.

CARLETON P. HOTALING, merchant, at Tuxedo Park, N. Y., was born and educated in Delaware County. He has resided in Orange County since 1890, and twelve years ago engaged in his present bicycle and photographic supply establishment.

Mr. Hotaling has served nine years as justice of the peace and six years as collector of Tuxedo town. He is prominently identified with the Masonic fraternity, including Highland Chapter, Hudson River Commandery and Mecca Temple.

JAMES EDWARD HOUSTON is of Scotch-Irish descent, and was born on the homestead three miles from Florida, Orange County, September 22, 1862, and was one of the six children cf William H. and Ann Houston. He attended the district school at Union Corners and the Seward Institute at Florida. After working on his father's farm several years he bought the Thomas Jackson farm of 130 acres, and has made farming his life occupation. His dairy cows are of Holstein breed, and his fruit specialty is peach growing. He is active in local matters and his family antecedents are of the best. He married Kissie Armstrong, of Florida, June 17, 1884.

JOEL W. HOUSTON was born March 28, 1856, on the old homestead, two and one-half miles from Florida. His father was William H. and mother Anna E. Wheeler. There were six children in parents' family. Joel W. was the fourth child. He attended the district school and assisted on the farm. Mr Houston has always been identified with agricultural pursuits. He married Anna Jessup, June 29, 1881. He is a republican, and one of the elders of the Presbyterian Church at Florida. He has been a director of the Orange County Agricultural Society for six years and superintendent of crates and tickets.

CAPTAIN JOHN W. HOUSTON was born March 20, 1842, on the homestead farm at Bellvale, Orange County, N. Y. When nineteen years of age he enlisted in the One Hundred and Twenty-fourth Regiment, New York Volunteers, and went forth to fight for the Union in the Civil War. He was made second lieutenant. In the battle of Chancellorsville, in 1863, he was severely wounded, and again at Spotsylvania, in May, 1864, which led to his honorable discharge. When the war ended he was brevetted captain. He married Miss Julia Baird, who died in 1880, leaving four sons and one daughter: Floyd, George, James, Frank and Clara. February 12, 1892, Captain Houston chose for his second wife Miss Margaret B. Neely, of Bellvale, N. Y., who survives him. He is also survived by a brother, Henry W., of Bellvale, and two sisters, Mrs. Mary Francisco, of Little Falls, N. J., and Mrs. J. H. Bertholf. Captain Houston was a member of Warwick Lodge, No. 544, F. and A. M., and of G. A. R. Post, No. 575. He died January 11, 1905.

SAMUEL B. HOUSTON was born December 5, 1845. He attended the district school and Warwick Institute. He conducted a retail boot and shoe business in Warwick for seven years, and has always been engaged in agricultural pursuits. He married Salona S. Palmer, of Warwick, October 25, 1871. Three children were born to this union, two of whom are living: Charles B., who resides in Brooklyn and is engaged in the manufacturing business; Anna G., wife of J. Arthur Knapp, of Florida, this county, and Edna K., who died in 1898 in her twenty-third year. Mr. Houston has taken an active interest in public matters pertaining to his locality and served on the no-license commission of Warwick. In 1903 he was appointed to fill the vacancy of superintendent of poor of Orange County. He is a republican and a member of the Methodist Church at Edenville. Socially he is a member of Warwick Lodge, No. 544, F. and A. M.

CLARENCE J. HOWELL was born on the Howell homestead near Florida, Orange County, N. Y., December 30, 1868, and died March 30, 1905. He was a son of Asa Howell. Clarence rented his father's farm after his marriage and continued on the homestead until the death of his mother in 1897, when the farm was left to him. His father continued to make his home with his son until his death in 1900. Clarence obtained his education at the S. S. Seward Institute at Florida. He was united in marriage to Minnie Sinsabaugh, daughter of Daniel and Ellen A. Sinsabaugh, of Liberty Corners, Orange County, November 19, 1891. The children are Floyd Van Duzer, born October 19, 1892; Clara Adams, born February 4, 1894; William Sinsabaugh, born November 24, 1895; Thomas Wheeler, born December 3, 1898; Jennie Jessup, born May 27, 1904. The Howell homestead comprises one hundred and twenty-five acres and has been in the family since 1790. It is one of the best dairy farms in Orange County, and considerable of the low ground is devoted to onion growing.

DAVID H. HOWELL, clerk of the town of Crawford, Orange County, was born in this township in 1868. He is a son of Harvey and Emeline (Decker) Howell. After finishing his education at the public schools, he learned the tinsmith's trade and established his present hardware business at Bullville, in 1893, in which he has acquired much success.

Politically Mr. Howell is a democrat and was elected town clerk in 1905. He is a member of the Knights of Pythias.

D. BREWSTER HOWELL, a prominent farmer in the town of Newburgh, near East Coldenham, is a son of John C. and a grandson of Rensselaer Howell. It is ascertained that Silas Howell was born in Long Island, but moved to Orange County at an early day. He was a millwright by trade and became the owner of a large tract of land in the town of Newburgh. He was the father of four children, of whom Rensselaer bought one hundred and sixty acres adjoining the old homestead, and married Alice Belknap. They settled and built their home in what was then a forest, but what is now as fine and well cultivated a farm as can be found in the country. The following children were born: David B., Rensselaer, Jr., John Colvin and Mary F. Of these John C. continued the management of the farm, which is now conducted by D. Brewster Howell, who married Miss Katherine McCartney. They are the parents of two children: Elwood B. and Gertrude May.

JAMES T. HOWELL was born on the homestead farm about one mile from Howells station in the town of Mount Hope, Orange County, August 25, 1845. He was a son of Samuel C. and Sallie Jane (Beakes) Howell and attended the district school in the neighborhood; after his schooling he remained on the farm, and April 1, 1869, he purchased the farm of his father. He lived in New York City for twenty years, where he was identified with the milk business. Mr. Howell is extensively engaged in breeding and dealing in Holstein Friesian cattle.

He married Ester Caroline Harding, November 25, 1869. To this union were born three children, one dying in infancy. The others are Lucy J., wife of Maxwell R. Wright, of Jersey City, born September 16, 1876, and Charles A., born August 26, 1882, residing at home. In politics Mr. Howell is a republican. His son, Charles A., is a member of the Wallkill Grange, and of Hoffman Lodge No. 412, F. and A. M., of Middletown, N. Y.

JOHN T. HOWELL, M.D., Newburgh, born Middletown, N. Y., April 23, 1862, son of Abraham P. and Hannah (Smith) Howell. Educated Wallkill Academy; graduated medical department Columbia University, New York, 1884; appointed resident surgeon Bellevue Hospital, 1884-1886; since engaged in practice at Newburgh. In 1892, president Orange County Medical Society; member State Society, American Medical Association and New York Academy of Medicine. In 1889 married Miss Sarah T., daughter of Robert Steele. Three children have been born to them.

HON. NATHANIEL W. HOWELL, who has held the office of justice of the peace in his native town for half a century, is a son of Mathew H. Howell and Julia (Brewster) Howell and great grandson of Major Hezekiah Howell, an officer in the Continental Army and first sheriff of Orange County and supervisor of the town of Blooming Grove, and son of Hezekiah Howell, who came to Orange County in seventeen hundred and thirty-seven (1737) from South Hampton, L. I., and settled in Blagg's Clove, so-called from Blagg's patent, a tract of land of one thousand (1,000) acres, lying in the valley between Schunnemunk Mountain and Round Hill, which, in company with other early settlers, he purchased, and of his proportionate share made his farm, to which Major Hezekiah Howell and his son, Hezekiah, added, by purchase of lands adjoining, sufficient to make the whole seven hundred and fifty (750) acres. Nathaniel W. has lived upon and managed the estate since 1886, until 1908, when he sold the whole estate to Corydon S. Purdy, of Montclair, N. J., a descendant of Susan Howell, daughter of Major Hezekiah Howell.

Mr. Purdy is remodeling the whole estate, erecting extensive buildings and adding equipments, fitting it for a modern up-to-date sanitary dairy farm, also fruits and vegetables and also modernizing the dwelling erected by Major Hezekiah Howell in 1797. In the cemetery or family burying-ground, in the original purchase, are the remains of four (4) Hezekiah Howells, lineal descendants of Lieutenant Hezekiah Howell of South Hampton, L. I., who in succession owned and occupied the original estate. Nathaniel W. was graduated from Williams College in 1853 with the degree of A.B., and afterwards received the degree of A.M., read law in Chicago in the office of Grant Goodrich, and was admitted to the bar in 1857; was member of the legislature of New York in 1863-4, and supervisor of the town of Blooming Grove. He married Mary Halsey, daughter of Walter and Caroline (Marvin) Halsey, and has a daughter, Joanna B., and son, Hezekiah.

SAMUEL C. HOWELL was born in the town of Wallkill, May 21, 1807, being the only son of William A. and Elizabeth (Calander) Howell. The maternal grandfather of Samuel C. Howell was a Virginian by birth, and a lieutenant of the Light Horse Cavalry during the Revolutionary War. Our subject at the time of his marriage purchased a small farm in the town of Mount Hope, and to this he added, from time to time, until he owned four hundred acres of valuable land in this and Wallkill towns. When the Erie Railroad was constructed he built the depot and later constructed a hotel and other buildings, and thus the village of Howells was established in his honor. He was the railroad agent and postmaster at this place. He was a liberal contributor to the church and other enterprises. For a number of years he served as assessor, and took a prominent part in the local work of the republican party.

WILLIAM J. HUDSON, son of Daniel and Elizabeth (Davis) Hudson, was born in 1861 on the farm where he now resides in the town of Blooming Grove. His great great grandfather, William Hudson, settled in this locality about two centuries ago, purchasing a tract of land some two miles in length. William J. is the fifth generation to occupy the ancestral homestead. He married Miss Grace A. Wright and they are the parents of five children: Ethel, David, Grace Alma, Clare and William Reeves. He is one of the representative farmers of his native town, a member of the grange and a director of the grange store at Washingtonville, also a director of the National Bank in Washingtonville.

JOSEPH B. HULETT, M.D., a prominent physician of Middletown, N. Y., is a surgeon who by his enlightened skill has secured a wide reputation, and won a place in the front rank of his profession. He was born August 4, 1858, at Barton, Tioga County, N. Y., a son of Cyrus B. and Ruth Emily (Slawson) Hulett. His education was obtained in the schools of New York City and Wallkill Academy. He began the study of medicine under Dr. Darwin Everett, of Middletown, and later had as his preceptors Drs. T. D. Mills, of Middletown, and Charles L. Wilkin, of New York. He entered Columbia University and graduated from the medical department of that institution May 12, 1887. He also took a post-graduate course in Manhattan Hospital. In 1888 he entered upon the practice of his profession at Middletown. Dr. Hulett is a member and ex-president of the Orange County Medical Society, a member of the New York State Medical Society, the American Medical Association, and is ex-vice-president of the International Association of Railway Engineers. He is attending surgeon for Thrall Hospital, of Middletown, and has been surgeon for the Twenty-fourth Separate Company for the past five years. He was secretary and one of the organizers of the State Association of Railway Surgeons, surgeon for the N. Y., O. & W. Railway, ex-military surgeon attached to Third Brigade, New York National Guard, and is an honorary member of the Association of Medical Officers of the Naval and Militia Association, State of New York. Socially he holds membership in the Knights of Pythias, of Middletown; Hoffman Lodge No. 412, F. & A. M.; Middletown Chapter, R. A. M.; Cypress Commandery, and the Mystic Shrine of New York City, and is an honorary member of Excelsior Hook and Ladder Company of Middletown. Dr. Hulett takes a deep interest in electrical matters, to which he has devoted much study. He is an honorary member of the Corliss Engineers' Association. He married Lottie B. Hulse, daughter of Hudson E. and Anna (Thompson) Hulse, of Wallkill, Orange County, on June 27, 1889, and they have one son, J. Leslie, born April 1, 1891. His father, Cyrus B. Hulett, was born in Waverly, N. Y., and died February 25, 1875. His mother was a native of Orange County, and died in November, 1889.

WILLIAM A. HULSE. The living children of John H. and Mary Hulse are: Mrs. Annie Thurston, of Stoneham, Mass.; William A., of Warwick, and Robert Emmett, of Middletown. William A. was born in Middletown, April 1, 1853, and after his education in the public schools worked for Wilson H. Provost in the first milk establishment to manufacture condensed cream for the army and the southern trade. He was quite young when he learned the plumbing trade in Keyport, N. J., where he remained four years, then in Newark several months, and from there came to Warwick, March 19, 1875. Here he was in the employ of Finch & Coldwell several years, and then opened a shop for himself in plumbing, heating and tin work, and is still in the business. He is a member of Wawayanda Lodge, No. 34, I. O. O. F., and of the Warwick Excelsior Hose Company. He was water commissioner and superintendent of the water works from 1887 to 1903. In politics he is independent. Mr. Hulse was married to Miss Clara, daughter of John L., and Julia Finch, of Warwick, January 12, 1882. They have five children: Elbert L., born September 5, 1882; Everett B., born September 12, 1884; Addie B., born September 21, 1886; William A., born October 9, 1888, and Janet P., born July 6, 1890.

ROBERT O. HUNT, manager of the Westtown plant of the Borden Condensed Milk Company, was born in the town of Minisink in 1866. He is a son of Robert and Catura (Osborn) Hunt. He attended the district schools, and after farming for a time went to Middletown and learned the machinists' trade. He has been associated with the Borden industries since 1892, and was appointed to his present position in 1904. He is a member of Hoffman Lodge, No. 412, F. and A. M., and of the I. O. O. F. In 1907 he was elected a member of the board of assessors of the town of Minisink.

Mr. Hunt married Miss Lydia Winters, and they are the parents of two sons and four daughters.

WILLIAM HUGH HYNDMAN, attorney and recorder of Newburgh, N. Y., was born in Newburgh, October 13, 1861, a son of Robert and Elizabeth (Gibb) Hyndman. He prepared for college at Newburgh Academy with the late Professor Hugh S. Banks, and graduated from Yale University in 1884 with the degree of A. B. Mr. Hyndman studied law in the office of Messrs. Scott and Hirschberg, and was admitted to the bar May 16, 1889. He was elected recorder of the city of Newburgh in 1865 on the republican ticket, and has been successively re-elected four times.

Recorder Hyndman married Miss Betsey Leighton Marden, of Newburgh.

The late Robert Hyndman was one of Newburgh's successful merchants, conducting a grocery store on Broadway for forty years.

JOHN E. ISEMAN was born in Wurttemburg, Germany, in 1835. He came to America in the spring of 1853, locating in New York City, where he operated a bakery. He removed to Chester, N. Y., and engaged in business for a period of four years. In 1861 he located in Middletown, where he has since remained, conducting a bakery business at the same location since that period. He married Josephine Stoddard, daughter of Ira L. and Mary Jane Stoddard. Their five children are: Charles Wesley, engaged in business in New York; George H., of Middletown; Catherine, wife of W. D. McQueen, superintendent of the Scranton division of the New York, Ontario & Western Railroad; Christine, residing at home, a graduate of the New England Conservatory of Music, of Boston, who taught two years at Holland, Va.; John E., a graduate of Annapolis Naval Academy, who has been assigned to the battleship Montana. In politics Mr. Iseman is a republican. He served as one of the first trustees of the village for four years and was Middletown's first mayor. He served continuously since 1891 as a member of the board of supervisors. He is a director of the Merchants' National Bank, trustee of the Middletown Savings Bank, vice-president of the Hillside Cemetery Association, and ex-president of the Phoenix Fire Company. He is a member and president of the board of trustees of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Socially he is a member of the I. O. O. F. of Middletown.

EZRA T. JACKSON was born August 23, 1843, at Chester, Orange County, N. Y., and was instructed at the Chester Academy. At the age of twenty-one he succeeded his father in the store at Chester, and on June 15, 1881, married Margaret Douglas Davidson, of Blooming Grove. Their only son, William Lewis, graduated from Lafayette College, at Easton, Pa., in the class of 1908, and is a member of the Fraternity Alpha Chi Rho. The subject of this sketch is a member of the New York Genealogical and Biographical Society, became a member of Goshen Lodge, No. 365, F. and A. M., in 1868, and a charter member of Standard Lodge, No. 711, F. and A. M., of Monroe, in 1871. He is also a member of the Orange County Chapter, Sons of the Revolution, and was commissioned first lieutenant in the Nineteenth New York Infantry, March 25, 1866. He was supervisor of the town of Chester in 1882, and served on the board of education from 1902 to 1908. The store in Chester has been in the Jackson family for sixty-one years. His father's name was Thomas Jefferson Jackson. Ezra T. is a grandson of Captain John Jackson of the Revolutionary Army. He was commissioned February 28, 1776, and re-appointed February 26, 1778. In the proceedings of the provincial congress, April 25, 1776, in the report on the state of the companies of the New York regiments, Captain Jackson reported with a full company at the fortifications of the Highlands, and on April 27, 1776, he was appointed to Colonel Clinton's regiment. A return of the officers and men in garrison at Fort Montgomery, January 18, 1777, shows that Captain Jackson's Second New York regiment reported with twenty-nine men. Captain Jackson was with his regiment at the battles of Harlem Heights and White Plains. He resigned from the army March 12, 1783.

FRANK AIKENS JACOBSON, M. D.. born Hackensack, N. J., 1864: educated at Hackensack Academy and scientific department Columbia College; graduated New York Homeopathic Medical College and Hospital, 1888; one year at Homeopathic Dispensary and Hospital, Brooklyn. He has practiced in Newburgh, N. Y., since 1890; is a member American Institute of Homeopathy, New York State Homeopathic Society, ex-member Newburgh board of health, Scottish Rite Mason and member of the Shriners.

GEORGE W. JAMISON, publisher of the Pine Bush _Herald,_ is a native of the town of Crawford, and attended the schools here and at Montgomery Academy. He was engaged for a number of years as a school teacher and was for a time in the insurance business in Walden. The _Herald,_ in 1904, became the successor of the Pine Bush _News,_ established in 1899. The paper is a clean, lively sheet of eight pages, independent in politics and devoted to local affairs. Mr. Jamison, the publisher, is also engaged in the real estate and fire insurance business.

Socially he is a member of the Masonic fraternity and a charter member of Walden Lodge, Knights of Pythias. He married Miss Julia N. Crist, of Montgomery, and they are the parents of one child, Hilda.

JOHN JAQUES, who founded what is now known as the Brotherhood Wine Company, at Washingtonville, came from New Jersey with his mother when a boy, locating in Washingtonville in 1812. He established the first grape vineyard in Orange County in 1839, and began the manufacture of pure wines. In 1858 his three sons, John, Orin and Charles, purchased the business from their father and continued it as partners until 1865, when John died. The two remaining brothers, conducted it until 1885, when Orin died, and a year later Charles disposed of it to Mr. Emerson, the present proprietor. Charles has since lived in retirement on the old homestead in the center of the village, and although in his eighty-fourth year, is actively interested in the affairs of the village. He has been an elder of the Presbyterian Church since 1878.

GEORGE FREDERICK JAYNE was born on the Jayne homestead, near Florida, called the "View Farm," February 23, 1854. His parents were Charles Marcus and Anna Eliza (Thompson) Jayne, and their children were Anna M., born July 25, 1843, wife of Charles R. Baird, of Warwick; Sarah Augusta, born July 10, 1848, wife of J. A. Seward, of Florida; Mary Caroline, who died December 25, 1875, was the wife of Nathaniel Seeley, of Hamburg, N. J., and Wells Thompson, born in January, 1852, of Brooklyn, N. Y.

George Frederick Jayne obtained his education in Washington Academy, S. S. Seward Institute and one term in Yorkville, Ill. He returned from school to the farm and assumed its management when only fifteen years old. It is a dairy farm of 180 acres, which has been in the Jayne family since 1730. Mr. Jayne is a democrat, and attends the Presbyterian Church in Florida. He married Julia E. Seward of Florida, February 14, 1877. They have six children: Fred Seward, born November 10, 1877; Belle Clayton, born December 2, 1878, wife of John K. Roe, of Florida; Lewis Marcus, born September 17, 1880, married Nellie Waite Smith, of Montgomery, December 18, 1907, and resides at Gardiner, Ulster County; Anna Mary, born December 3, 1883; Carrie Louise, born February 17, 1886, and George Vanderoef, born March 19, 1890.

CHARLES L. JESSUP was born May 25, 1843, on the homestead farm, two miles from Florida, and was educated in the district school at Union Corners and the S. S. Seward Institute. He was one of thirteen children. He worked on his father's farm, and at the outbreak of the Civil War enlisted in the Ninety-first Regiment, Company H. After his army experience he resumed farming. He has two hundred and sixteen acres of land, a large dairy and peach orchard, and is a breeder of Holstein cattle. He has been town assessor and is an elder and active member of the Florida Presbyterian Church. His parents were Samuel and Martha Jessup. His wife was Sarah Jane Duryea, of Craigsville, Orange County, a daughter of Alfred and Mary Duryea. They were married October 18, 1865, and have four children living. Alpheus, born August 26, 1886; Julia B., born March 12, 1868; Charles W., born June 10, 1871, and Helen, born February 14, 1886. Charles married Elizabeth Wheeler, of Florida; Julia married Alton J. Vail, of Middletown, and Alpheus married Sadie Durland, of Chester.

SENECA JESSUP was born June 11, 1817, in the town of Warwick, Orange County, and obtained his education in the Seward Institute, Florida. His parents were Samuel and Hannah (Steinmetz) Jessup. The Jessups, of Orange County, are descended from John Jessup, who emigrated from Broomhall, Yorkshire County, England, in 1630. He lived for a time in Boston, and afterward removed to Hartford, and from there to Southampton, Long Island, in 1640, helping to plant the first English settlement in the state of New York. The Jessup family in Orange County came from Long Island in 1784, and located at Florida, town of Warwick. Seneca Jessup married Jennie A. McCain in 1868. She was born July 27, 1850, and was a daughter of John Edsall and Abigail (McCamly) McCain, both being from pioneer families, prominent in Colonial and Revolutionary times. Mrs. Jessup's parents removed to Goshen in 1853 and purchased the farm where she now resides. She received her education in the young ladies' school in Goshen. Mr. and Mrs. Jessup are the parents of four children, only one of whom, John Seward Jessup, survives and he resided with them. Mrs. Seneca Jessup is descended from William McCain, a soldier in the Revolution, who came from the north of Ireland in 1728 and located in the town of Warwick.

WALTER WARE JOHONNOTT, D. O., born Burlington, Vermont, 1882; son of Fred and Harriet (Glover) Johonnott; Huguenot ancestry; classical education at University of Vermont and Amherst College. He graduated from the American School of Osteopathy, Kirksville, Mo., 1904; took post-graduate course Massachusetts College of Osteopathy, and engaged in practice in Newburgh, N. Y., 1905. Member of the American and New York State Osteopathic Societies, Newburgh City Club, Powelton Club and Church of Our Father (Unitarian).

L. A. JOHNSON, who conducts a general mercantile business at Sparrowbush, N. Y., also dealing extensively in mining supplies and lumber, is a native of Tompkins County, N. Y. He enjoyed the advantages of a liberal education and was graduated from Cornell University in 1890 with the degree of A. B.

Mr. Johnson married Lillian A., daughter of the late Henry F. West, of Sparrowbush, and they are the parents of three sons. Mr. West was for many years a prominent business man in this community. He built the store now occupied by Mr. Johnson and also carried on an extensive business in lumber, owning some twenty-eight hundred acres of timber land in Delaware County. In 1873 Mr. West married Miss Mary Stanton, of Forestburgh, N. Y.

ROBERT JOHNSTON, county treasurer, was born in Newburgh, Orange County, N. Y. He is the son of William C. Johnston, one of Newburgh's oldest business men. The subject of our sketch has climbed the ladder of business success, rising from a position as bookkeeper in the hardware store of the late Mayor Charles J. Lawson to the presidency of a new corporation, the Johnston Hardware and Iron Co., successor of Charles H. Daughty. Mr. Johnston's business attainments strongly commend him for the responsibilities of the county treasurership. He is forty years of age, and an enthusiastic worker for the republican party. For six years he served as a member of the board of public works.

WILLIAM C. JOHNSTON, who is numbered among the prominent merchants of Newburgh, has conducted a high-class harness and leather store in Water street for over half a century. Mr. Johnston was born and educated in Newburgh and learned the harness maker's trade with John R. Woolsey. He established his store January 1, 1857, at its present location. He married Miss Margaret L. Campbell, and they became the parents of ten children. Three sons are in business in Newburgh: Robert, the present county treasurer, is a hardware merchant; W. Charles, who has a carriage repository on Broadway, and Renwick, who is engaged in the livery business. In religious affiliations Mr. Johnston is a member of the Westminster Reformed Church.

EVAN E. JONES was born at Turin, Lewis County, N. Y., June 10, 1856. He attended the Union school at Turin, after which he engaged in farming, and continued until June, 1902, when he came to Orange County and conducted the Johnston Hotel at Newburgh. In April, 1906, he removed to Hamptonburgh, where he is now engaged in the hotel business.

He married Emma M. Peck, of Turin, N. Y., January 12, 1886. They have no children. In politics Mr. Jones is a republican.

ANDREW V. JOVA, M.D., Newburgh, N. Y., was born at Santa Clara, Cuba, March 23, 1859. He came to the United States in 1870, and entered St. John's College, New York, graduating in 1880 with the degree of A.B. In 1883 he graduated from the College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, which was supplemented by a two years' hospital course in Paris, one year in Berlin and eight months at the clinics in Vienna. He then returned to America and was for eighteen months on the staff of the French Hospital, New York City. In 1891 he located in Newburgh, where he has built up an extensive practice. Dr. Jova is attending physician to St. Luke's Hospital, has been chairman of the medical board and is now a member of the board of managers of the same institution. He is a member of the various state and national medical societies.

ISAAC KELLS, who was one of the most successful farmers in the town of Montgomery, Orange County, was of Scotch-Irish descent. He was born in the North of Ireland in 1833 and died at his home, October 1, 1907. He resided in Montgomery for nearly thirty-five years, cultivating a valuable farm of one hundred and fifty acres. Mr. Kells was actively identified with the Goodwill church, in which he was an officer. He was twice married; by his first wife, who was Miss Elizabeth Ferguson, two daughters were born, Mrs. William Whigam and Mrs. Ella Hyndman, both residents of Montgomery. His second wife was Miss Delia Boyd, who died in 1905. Industrious and energetic the success of Mr. Kells was due entirely to his own efforts and he enjoyed in a high degree the esteem of his fellow-citizens.

GEORGE W. KERR, who for more than half a century was an officer of one of Orange County's strongest financial institutions, was born in Warren County, N. J., February 15, 1810. His ancestors were originally from Scotland, but Mr. Kerr's father was born at Freehold, N. J. His parents removed to Ithaca, N. Y., where he obtained a position in the branch of the Bank of Newburgh. In 1830, when the branch was withdrawn, and the Bank of Ithaca established, Mr. Kerr entered the new bank and remained there until October, 1831, when a position was offered him in the Bank of Newburgh, with the officials of which he had become acquainted through his connection with the branch bank.

In 1836 Mr. Kerr was promoted to the position of cashier, and in 1854 he was elected president to fill the vacancy caused by the death of John Chambers. In 1864, when the old Bank of Newburgh was closed and the National Bank of Newburgh organized, Mr. Kerr was again honored with the presidency. He continued in that position till his death, having been cashier of the bank for eighteen years, and president for thirty-seven years. He died June 3, 1890.

Mr. Kerr was a trustee and vice-president of the village in 1856, and a member of the board of education in 1852-1854. For forty-seven years he was a vestryman of St. George's Protestant Episcopal church, and for thirty-one years treasurer of the board.

Upon his death the directors of the bank adopted the following minute: "His sound judgment, perfect integrity and eminent ability have been long recognized in financial circles, and his excellence in all the relations of life will long be remembered in this community. By us his immediate associates, and by all in any capacity attached to this bank, his memory will always be cherished. He has left to his family and this community, where he has spent so many years of a long and useful life, a legacy better than earthly riches--a good name."

The vestry of St. George's church adopted resolutions recording "their very high esteem for his character and his lifelong devotion to the church and her interests. It is with grateful feeling that we remember the steady consistency of his Christian walk, his uprightness as a business man, his value as a citizen, his zeal as a churchman. We owe him no slight debt for his faithful service as our treasurer for thirty-one years, during which time his unflagging attention to the affairs of the parish has contributed essentially and in a large degree to its stability and prosperity."

Mr. Kerr was twice married. His first wife was Emeline Ross, his second, Margaret T. L., daughter of the Rev. John Brown, D.D.

CHARLES KETCHAM, merchant and postmaster for many years at Mountainville, and representative citizen of the town of Cornwall, Orange County, is a son of Benjamin S. and Mercy (Brown) Ketcham, and was born on the homestead farm in 1847. He established his present store in 1871. Mr. Ketcham has for many years been prominently identified with the public affairs of Cornwall. He has served fourteen terms as supervisor, including a chairmanship of the board. He also held the office of justice of the peace twelve years. Mr. Ketcham was the opposing candidate of Judge Dickey, as a delegate to the constitutional convention. He was also the nominee of the democratic party for county clerk. He married Miss Ida, daughter of Captain Jacob Smith, of Cornwall. They are the parents of two sons and six daughters.

The Ketcham family is one of the oldest in the town of Cornwall. Long previous to the Revolution, Samuel Ketcham, the great-great-grandfather of Charles, located here and was engaged in farming and the operation of a grist mill. His descendants through several generations settled around him, and the place was known as Ketchamtown, until the opening of the railroad, when the post-office was changed to Mountainville.

THE KETCHAM FAMILY of the town of Mount Hope had for their progenitor the pioneer farmer and mechanic, John Ketcham, born at Huntington, L. I., January 24, 1716. A lineal descendant of Edward Ketcham, the progenitor, in America, of all bearing the name Ketcham or Ketchum--who settled at Ipswich, Mass., in 1635; Southold, L. I., in 1653. Edward died at Stratford, Conn., in 1655, leaving in all seven children. John Ketcham (sixth generation in America) married Miss Sarah Matthews, of Morristown, N. J., came to Orange County, N. Y., and settled for a time in Hamptonburgh and Goshen, respectively, removed in 1774 to the present town of Mount Hope. He was the founder of Ketcham's Mills, near Mount Hope village. Here John Ketcham died April 21, 1794, and Sarah, his widow, departed this life in 1802. The homestead passing to the son Joseph, has continuously (1774-1907) been occupied by a Ketcham, present occupant, Isaac Emmett Ketcham, being a great grandson of Joseph. Last surviving grandson of said Joseph, bearing the family name, was the late John L. Ketcham, son of Joseph, Jr. (farmer, mechanic and inventor), and like his ancestors also a mechanic of ability and prominence. Born February 22, 1820, he married November 14, 1844, Miss Harriette Writer, also of the town of Mount Hope. She died August 30, 1870. John L. died June 10, 1898, is survived by their only child, Electa J. Ketcham-Penney, at present residing near Finchville.

Less than a dozen families representative of this once large and widely influential family, are now living within their native town, Mount Hope.

JOHN EGBERT KIDD, a retired farmer residing near Walden, N. Y., is a descendant of an old Orange County family. Going back over a century and a half, it is ascertained that three brothers, Alexander, Robert and Andrew Kidd, came from the North of Ireland in 1736, and secured a large tract of land in the vicinity of the present village of Walden. Alexander, the direct ancestor of our subject, married Jane Calderwood. Robert, their eldest son, married Mary McGowan, and their son Andrew in 1802 married a Miss Margaret Kidd and became the parents of six children, of whom John, the eldest, was born October 26, 1803, at the parental homestead. He followed the occupation of a farmer and was prominent in public affairs of the town. He was highway commissioner a great many years, was a director of the Walden National Bank and held the office of railroad commissioner.

In 1826 he married Miss Cornelia, daughter of Charles Haines, of Montgomery. Six children were born, Andrew, Mirza, John, Egbert, David L., Margaret A. and Victor. During the Civil War, John Egbert Kidd enlisted with the "Orange Blossoms," the famous 124th Regiment, a review of which appears in the Military History in this volume.

John E. Kidd was twice married. His first wife was Alice Decker, and the following children were born: Cornelia (now the wife of George Wait), and one son John. Mr. Kidd's second wife was Maria Adeline Decker.

BENJAMIN B. KINNE, M.D., is a native of Kirkville, Onondaga County, N. Y., where he was born March 28, 1877. He was educated in the public schools of the state, including the high school at East Syracuse. He was a teacher in the county for four years, and studied for his profession in the American Medical Missionary College of Battle Creek, Mich., and Chicago. For nearly a year he was on the medical staff of the Pennsylvania Sanitarium at Philadelphia.

Dr. Kinne came to Middletown in 1905, and took the management of the Battle Creek Sanitarium Treatment Rooms on East Main street. Later these were removed to the Middletown Sanitarium on Benton avenue, where better facilities are offered for the accommodation of patients. The present building is large and pleasant, having all of the modern improvements, and is fully equipped with all the facilities for baths of various kinds, massage, electricity, x-ray, Swedish movements, and the care of surgical cases.

GEORGE A. KIPP was born July 31, 1871, at Goshen, Orange County, N. Y., and attended the public school at that place. At the age of fifteen he learned the carpenter's trade with his father, and has always continued the business. He was united in marriage to Clara Baker, of Middletown, N. Y., April 26, 1899. Four children were born to this union; two died in infancy. The living are Allerton, born June 9, 1905, and Dorothy, born August 27, 1907. In politics Mr. Kipp is a democrat. His parents were Richard A., born March 3, 1838, and Mary Ann (Dailey) Kipp. They had six children, one dying in infancy. Richard was also engaged in contracting and carpenter business in Goshen, and conducted a milk business in New York previous to the Civil War. About 1862 he returned to Goshen, taking up his trade. He erected many of the best residences in and around Goshen, and died July 26, 1897.

CHARLES ALBERT KNAPP occupies a farm of two hundred and seventy acres in the town of Goshen, which was first settled by William Knapp in 1749. Mr. Knapp's ancestry in this country is traced to Nicholas Knapp, who with his brothers, William and Roger, emigrated to America from Sussex, England, in 1630. His ancestors were prominent in military affairs during the colonial period. One, Isaac Knapp, was in the expedition to Canada under Sir William Phips in 1690. John Knapp, born 1664, died 1749 of Stamford, Conn., was captain of the train band in 1716. Nathaniel Knapp, of Newburgh, was in the second Louisburg expedition, 1758-1759. Samuel Knapp, born 1695, died 1751, had a son Samuel, born 1722, and his son William and wife Margaret came to Goshen, N. Y., in 1749. They had nine children, of whom James and Samuel were killed in the Battle of Minisink, July 22, 1779. James was forty-three years old and left a widow, whose maiden name was Hester Drake, and nine children, born between the years 1761-1779. Of these John Knapp (born August 24, 1765, died 1854), married Eunice Smith, of Goshen, and of their eleven children Virgil, the youngest, was the father of Charles Albert, who married Emma Linderman, and are the parents of three children, Jesse, Louis and Mabel. Jesse married Addie Crawford and Louis married Catherine Bull. The two sons are engaged in business in New York City.

JAMES W. KNAPP was born at Pine Island, Orange County, December 22, 1831, and died at the age of seventy-six. His wife was a daughter of Peter N. Ryerson, of Glenwood, N. J., and they were married October 21, 1855. Their six children are Mary, wife of F. E. Tither, of Florida, N. Y.; Nicholas, of Belmont, N. Y.; Charles, of Goshen, N. Y.; William, of Pine Island; J. Arthur, of Florida, N. Y., and Elizabeth, wife of Walter S. Seeley, of Middletown, N. Y.

Mr. Knapp's father, William Knapp, died at the age of eighty-five. Peter N. Ryerson was born at New Vernon, N. J., September 9, 1814. His grandfather, Nicholas Ryerson, emigrated from Amsterdam, Holland, in 1801, and settled on Long Island. Mr. Knapp was a member of the Presbyterian church of Amity, and for six years served as town assessor.

SAMUEL L. KNIFFIN, of Goshen, N. Y., was born at Chester in 1843. In 1863 he came to Goshen with his parents, and learned the tinsmith trade under the tuition of his father, who for many years had charge of the tinning department for J. W. Corwin & Co. Mr. Kniffin has remained in the same store, now owned by Kniffin & Hopkins, and for many years has served as foreman of the tin shop. He married Sarah, daughter of Gabriel Bennett, of Goshen, and they have a daughter Carrie, who married Charles B. Coleman, of Goshen. Mr. Kniffin is a democrat and has served as town clerk of Goshen and for many years has been village trustee.

WILLIAM KNIFFIN, hardware merchant, of Goshen, N. Y., was born in Chester, Orange County, in 1855. In 1863 his parents removed to Goshen, and his father, Samuel M., was tinner for J. W. Corwin & Co., there for many years. William secured employment in the same store in 1871, and in 1892 purchased a half interest in the business, the firm being known as Corwin & Kniffin. In 1902 Edward A. Hopkins purchased Mr. Corwin's interest and since that time the firm name has been Kniffin & Hopkins. In politics Mr. Kniffin is a democrat, and has served the town of Goshen as collector one term.

CHARLES T. KNIGHT, a prominent citizen of Monroe, was born here in 1847. He is a son of Chauncey B. and Mary (Thompson) Knight; the latter a daughter of Rev. J. J. Thompson, died in 1908. As a young man Mr. Knight engaged with his father in the feed, coal and lumber business, and was a member of the firm of C. B. Knight & Co., organized in 1868, continuing until 1877, when he was associated for two years with the provision house of James A. Townsend at Newburgh. In 1879 the firm of Knight & Conklin was formed and continued the flour and feed business until 1899. Mr. Knight is now engaged in the business alone. In 1897 he was appointed postmaster of the village which was then a fourth-class office. He was reappointed in 1900, when the office was placed in the third class, and was reappointed to the position in 1904 and 1908. Mr. Knight served one term as supervisor of the old town of Monroe and two terms of the new town.

GEORGE KOHL, son of Valentine and Mary Ann (Zeigler) Kohl, natives of Germany, was born at Middlehope in 1876. After finishing his studies at the Newburgh schools he entered the general store established in 1869 by his father at Middlehope. In 1898 he engaged in his present mercantile business and a year later was appointed postmaster of the village, holding the position continuously to the present time. Mr. Kohl was collector of the town of Newburgh in 1902 and 1903 and collector of the school district for seven years. He is accounted not only a thoroughly trustworthy official, but one of the best citizens of Middlehope. Socially he is identified with the Newburgh Wheelmen.

HENRY KOHL, corporation counsel of the city of Newburgh and member of the law firm of McClung & Kohl, was born in Middlehope in 1871, a son of Valentine and Mary A. (Ziegler) Kohl. After finishing his preliminary studies he read law in the office of Judge Seeger and was admitted to the bar in 1894. Mr. Kohl has built up a large clientage and has acquired especial success and prominence in criminal cases.

Politically Mr. Kohl is a democrat and an ardent worker for the success of his party, which has honored him with the nomination for state and county offices.

VALENTINE J. KOHL who is engaged in fruit farming at Middlehope, was born in the town of Newburgh in 1868, and was educated at the district schools. In 1897 he purchased his present farm of twenty acres, all of which is under cultivation, in connection with which he operates a cider mill, turning out 50,000 gallons annually. Mr. Kohl held the office of town clerk four years and also served as school trustee. He is a member of the Grange and the Masonic Lodge No. 309, Newburgh, and I. O. O. F. He married Charlotte P. Clauson and two children have been born to them. Valentine Kohl, father of our subject, was a prosperous merchant and farmer of Middlehope. He died in 1890.

VALENTINE KOHL, for many years a prosperous merchant of Middle Hope, N. Y., was born at St. Martens-on-the-Rhine, Germany, where he received his schooling and learned the shoemaker's trade. Shortly after his marriage he sailed for America; here he plied his trade for a few years, and then became interested in the mercantile business at Middlehope, remaining thus engaged until his death, which occurred in 1890, while he was serving as postmaster. He was appointed to this office by President Arthur and reappointed by President Harrison, his term of service in this capacity extending from 1883 until 1890. He was accounted not only a thoroughly trustworthy official, but one of the best citizens of Middlehope.

Mr. Kohl was reared in the Catholic faith, but in mature life became convinced of the truth of protestantism and inclined toward the Methodist Episcopal tenets, being a regular attendant at the services of this church. His wife, who was Miss Mary A. Ziegler, was also a native of Germany. They became the parents of seven children, of whom four sons are prominent citizens of Orange County, whose personal sketches are recorded in this history.

WILLIAM J. KOHL, president of the Newburgh city council and former alderman, of the Third ward, Newburgh, was born in Middlehope, Orange County, N. Y., May 17, 1874. He attended the public schools and graduated from the Spencerian Business College, Newburgh. He was employed for a time in the wholesale provision house of Coles, Marshall & Co., of that city, and in 1903 established his grocery store in South street, where he has met with much success. Mr. Kohl is identified with the Masonic fraternity, the Maccabees, Ringgold Hose Company, a member of the Newburgh Wheelmen and the Mannerchor. He has always taken an active interest in the affairs of the democratic party.

WILLIAM ALBERT KORTRIGHT was born at Phillipsburgh, Orange County, March 4, 1866, and educated at the Port Jervis and Campbell Hall schools. He left his father's farm and began learning the blacksmith trade in 1881, engaging in that business at Centerville in 1886, where he continued one year, and then started at Slate Hill, which he operated three years. In 1890 he started business in Florida, where he has since resided. He is a member of Wawayanda Lodge No. 34, I. O. O. F., the Florida Grange, and of the Methodist church.

Mr. Kortright married Alice Halstead, of South Centerville, and they have one child, Wardell, who is eighteen years of age.

W. FRANK LAIN--In the annals of the town of Minisink the name of Lain is a familiar one, as the various generations of this family have borne an honorable part in the town's development. The first member to locate in Orange County was William Lain, who came from Long Island in 1770 and settled in the town of Minisink. His wife was Keziah, daughter of Increase Mather. Among their children was David, born in 1791. He spent his entire life on the home farm and died in his seventy-ninth year.

Gideon Lain, father of W. Frank Lain, died in 1906. He married Mary Dunning and three sons and one daughter were born to them. W. F. Lain, who continues the homestead farm of one hundred and seventy acres near Westtown, was born here in 1859; he finished his studies at the high school in Cincinnati. He is a member of the Grange, the Masonic fraternity and republican committeeman from the town of Minisink.

ROBERT LAWRENCE was born in the city of Birmingham, England, in 1849, and he acquired his education at the public schools in Birmingham. His parents came to America in 1864 and settled in Middletown, Orange County. He was married to Amelia Thornton, of Spring Glenn, Ulster County, in 1872. They have three children living, Howard R., Cora B. and Ethel A. Mr. Lawrence has served the city in an efficient manner as alderman for several years and was president of the common council during the same period. He is a member of the I. O. O. F.; was elected mayor in November, 1906, and is still occupying that office. Mr. Lawrence is a member of St. Paul's church and was superintendent of the Sunday-school fourteen years.

WILLIAM S. LAYTON was born in Amity, Orange County, January 18, 1871. After completing his education he assisted on the farm, and has remained a farmer. His father was one of the first peach growers, for shipping in the town of Warwick, and his son William now has on his dairy and fruit farm of one hundred and fifty-seven acres, peach orchards containing four thousand trees of the best varieties. He is a republican, a school trustee, a member of Amity Grange No. 1001, of Warwick, Lodge No. 544, F. and A. M.. and Wawayanda Lodge No. 34, I. O. O. F. He married Gertrude H., daughter of James H. and Catherine Miller, of Florida. February 3, 1892. Their five children, all at home, are Lawrence, born June 6, 1893; Edgar, born January 3, 1895; Lillian, born October 3, 1896; Helen, born December 8, 1898; and William Gerald, born September 12, 1901. The father had one sister, Nettie E., wife of James A. Sammis, of Glenwood, N. J. She died in 1892.

WILBUR C. LAZEAR was born in 1854 on his father's farm three miles from Warwick, near New Milford. His father was Cornelius Jones Lazear, and his mother's maiden name was Elmira Ferrier. In 1867 his father removed to Warwick and became a partner of Walter Knapp, with the firm name of Knapp & Lazear, in the undertaking and furniture business. In 1872 he purchased Mr. Knapp's interest, and when his son Wilbur's schooling was finished, made him his partner. The father died January 10, 1892, and Wilbur has continued the business since. He married Miss Jennie Smith November 5, 1884. Their children are Cornelius S., Belle, and Ida May. Mr. Lazear is a member of Warwick Lodge No. 554, F. and A. M., and the Odd Fellows. Mrs. Lazear died February 11, 1906.

MARTIN E. LEE, a retired farmer, and leading citizen of Westtown, was born in the town of Minisink in 1846. He is a son of Lewis and Experience (Teasdale) Lee. His mother was a daughter of ex-Judge Teasdale, of Sussex, N. J. Of his paternal ancestors his grandfather, Daniel Lee, participated in the War of 1812, and his great grandfather, Paul Lee, was a soldier in the Revolutionary War. Mr. Lee's life was devoted to the cultivation of a farm of one hundred and forty acres, which he now rents. He has always taken an active part in public affairs and is a member of the republican committee of the town of Minisink. He married Miss Alice, daughter of Dr. A. A. Seymour. One daughter, Rose, was born to them. She is now the wife of Philip H. Du Bois, of New Paltz.

ANDREW WRIGHT LENT, attorney of Newburgh and Highland, N. Y., is a junior member of the law firm of A. D. and A. W. Lent. He is a native of Highland, N. Y., and was educated at Union College, from which he graduated in 1904 with the degree of Ph.B. He read law in the office of his father, Abraham D. Lent and at Albany Law School, was admitted to the bar in 1906, and has since practiced in Newburgh.

Abraham D. Lent was born at Clinton, Dutchess County in 1850, attended the Albany Law School, and was admitted to the bar in 1874. Mr. Lent practices at Highland, Ulster County, and has conducted a law office in Newburgh since 1903.

NELSON BURTON LENT, whose ancestors were among the earliest settlers of Westchester County, N. Y., author and publisher of the "History of the Lent Family in the United States, from 1638 to 1902," was born in the town of Courtlandt, Westchester County, N. Y., May 1, 1856, and educated in the public schools of his native town. His father was Nathaniel D. Lent, and his mother's maiden name was Rachel Lent.

Among the families of Westchester County there is none stronger or more widely distributed than the old Dutch family of Lents. Abraham De Ryck, who emigrated to the United States from Amsterdam, Holland, to the Island of Manhattan, in the year 1638, was the father of Ryck Abrahamson, who took the name of Van Lent. The name is supposed to have originated from a place called "Lent" in Holland.

Mr. N. B. Lent learned the trade of a compositor with the _Highland Democrat_ in Peekskill, N. Y. He left Peekskill in 1880, and associated with his cousin, William C. Tunstall, established and edited _The Providence Register,_ a weekly newspaper at Scranton, Pa. He later sold out his interest to Mr. Tunstall, and returned to Peekskill. He was soon afterward called by the life-long printer and historian, E. M. Ruttenber, Esq., to Newburgh, N. Y., and was employed by him in his job printing office. Since 1884 he has been connected with _The Newburgh Journal._

Mr. Lent was instrumental in instituting the first Patriotic Order of the Sons of America in Newburgh, N. Y. He represented the order in the state and national conventions. He was a member of Acme Lodge of Odd Fellows of Newburgh, and its representative in the Grand Lodge in 1888. He was one of fourteen to organize Canton Woodward No. 32, Patriarchs Militant, and held the office of clerk, and was commissioned an aide-de-camp on the staff of General Otis Woodward, of the Division of Niagara, with rank of captain. He held all the offices of his lodge to district deputy grand master; has been for the past twenty-one years a member of Newburgh Lodge No. 309, F. and A. M.; the Historical Society of the Newburgh Bay and the Highlands; the Empire State Society, Sons of the American Revolution; and the American Institute of Civics.

Mr. Lent in politics is a republican. He was one of the United States Census Enumerators for the city of Newburgh in 1900, and clerk to the engrossing committee in the State Assembly at Albany, in 1901-1902.

He married Miss Viola Frances, daughter of Herman and Mary Stone, of Danbury, Conn., December 23, 1881. They have six children, Bertram Nelson, Winfred Foss, Roland Depew, Hobart Townsend, Sebring Round and Mildred Stone, all born at Newburgh, N. Y. Mr. Lent in religion is a Methodist, and a member of Trinity M. E. Church, Newburgh.

CHAUNCEY M. LEONARD was born in Newburgh in the year 1825, and in a house that occupied the site of the Bigler building at the corner of Third and Smith streets. He resided here until sixteen years of age, receiving his education at the Newburgh Academy. In early manhood he became a member of the old volunteer fire department of New York while learning his trade of painter. He was elected assistant foreman of the engine company. At the age of nineteen he married Miss Rebecca Smith, of New York City, who died two years afterward, leaving a daughter, who married Thomas K. Rheutan. In 1848 he married Miss Hope Smith, a sister of his first wife, and had several children.

In 1850 he returned to his native city and continued to reside here till his death. He was employed as a painter by E. T. Comstock, and on Mr. Comstock's death in 1859, the firm of Ward & Leonard (Peter Ward and Chauncey M. Leonard) was formed. James J. Logan afterward being received into the partnership, the firm became Ward, Leonard & Co.

Mr. Leonard joined Ringgold Hose Company, No. 1, in 1853. He was elected assistant foreman, but his ability and experience as a fireman were such that he was called to fill a position of greater prominence. In 1861 he was elected chief engineer of the Newburgh fire department, and at each successive election thereafter was re-elected to the same office, till March, 1874, when he was called to take the higher position of mayor of the city.

In 1873 he was a delegate to the democratic state convention, and was an honorary member of the National Association of Chief Engineers. He was a member of the Masonic fraternity and well advanced in the degrees of the order. He died at his residence, 82 Ann street, Thursday, December 3, 1874.

JAMES J. LEONARD, son of the late Chauncey M. Leonard, was born in Newburgh, N. Y., October 16, 1872. After graduating from the academy he entered the office of the Newburgh Register as bookkeeper, and from 1888 to 1907 was connected with the wholesale grocery house of Stephen M. Bull, when he formed a partnership with W. E. Doyle, and under the firm name of Doyle & Leonard is engaged in the wholesale grocery trade, continuing the business of Mailler & Doyle. Mr. Leonard has always manifested an active interest in politics and in 1903 was elected to the office of county clerk, serving until 1906. He is identified with the Masonic fraternity, president and director of the Wheelmen's Club, member of the City Club and the Ringgold Hose and Veteran Association and Newburgh Volunteer Association. He married Mary T. McQuillan, of Newburgh. They have two children, Chauncey M. and Marion H.

EDWARD G. LITTELL was born in Elmira, N. Y., July 5, 1851. From his birthplace he went to Rahway, N. J., remained there several years, and then came to Greycourt, Orange County. He was a fireman on the Erie Railroad eleven years, had charge of the steam pumps twelve years, and later operated a sawmill and general store. His great grandfather was Captain Pratt Littell and he was in the first skirmish against the British in the War of the Revolution. He lived in New Jersey at a place called Short Hills.

Edward G. married Ida Bronk Hyte, of Greycourt. Their children are Elizabeth A., Edward D., of Los Angeles, Cal., William J., Harry M., Andrew H., Hattie L., Ida M. and Alfred K. The father is a member of Standard Lodge No. 711, F. and A. M.; K. of P. Lodge No. 363, of Chester, and the Grand Lodge of the State of New York. Mr. Littell has held the office of postmaster at Greycourt for nine years. He is a member of the Chester Horse Thief Association, and has served twice on the republican town board.

WILLIAM T. LODGE, who has conducted the Empire House at Montgomery, N. Y., for thirty-seven years, is one of the representative and highly respected citizens of Orange County. Mr. Lodge was born in Ireland, March 26, 1836, and came to America when a lad of fifteen. He was engaged in farming from 1849 to 1871, when he purchased his present hotel property. In politics Mr. Lodge is a democrat, and has for years exerted a great influence in the promotion of its interests.

Socially he is identified with the Masonic fraternity, and is a director in the First National Bank of Montgomery. He was one of the organizers and is a supporter of the Episcopal Chapel, organized about six years ago in Montgomery. This chapel is a branch of the St. Andrew's Episcopal Church of Walden.

Mr. Lodge married Miss Catherine Doyle in 1863, and three sons and three daughters have been born to them--William T. Jr., manager of the Empire House; Martin D. conducts a gents' furnishing store, and James A., proprietor of a sales stable for horses and cattle, all residing in Montgomery.

WILLIAM LOEVEN was born at Honesdale, Pa., September 8, 1861. His early education was acquired at the public school. He removed to Orange County in March, 1891, and located at Middletown.

He engaged in business on Fulton street, after which he removed to Otisville, in January, 1906, and purchased the hotel known as the Writer Hotel, which he still continues. He married Frances Gehrer, of Honesdale, Pa., October 16, 1889. Their four children are William, Jr., Robert, Edward and Elizabeth, all residing at home. In politics Mr. Loeven is a democrat, and is a member of the F. O. E. Mr. and Mrs. Loeven are members of the Church of the Holy Name, of Otisville.

CHARLES W. LOOMIS was born at Otisville, Orange County, N. Y. He is a son of Ephraim Smith Loomis, who was born May 22, 1801, and died February 27, 1869. His mother died November 19, 1891. Charles W. attended the district school and assisted his father on the farm, which has been the Loomis homestead for over a century. He married Miss Phoebe A. Dunlap, daughter of Riley and Sarah E. Dunlap, November 28, 1886. Five children were born to this union, Iva Pamela, born February 17, 1887, died May 19, 1904; Antoinette Evelyn, born April 17, 1888; Ephraim Smith, born November 9, 1890; Frank Kaufmann, born October 2, 1894; and Sarah Irene, born February 14, 1898.

In politics Mr. Loomis is a republican. He has held several local offices, being supervisor of the town fourteen years and justice of the peace ten years. He is a member of the Otisville Presbyterian Church and active in religious duties. He is identified with Hoffman Lodge No. 412, of Middletown, as a member. Mr. Loomis has a good dairy farm and makes a specialty of truck gardening.

EPHRAIM BEEMER LOTT was born August 25, 1862, at Sussex, N. J. He attended the district school, after which he worked on a farm until 1887. He then identified himself with the Warwick Valley Milk Association, where he remained for sixteen years. He is now foreman of the Warwick branch of the Mutual Milk and Cream Co. He married Miss Emma Barrett, of Warwick, October 31, 1888. Two children were born by this union, Mary Lavina, living at home, and one who died in infancy. Mr. Lott is a member of Wawayanda Lodge No. 34, Odd Fellows, Independent Order of Red Men, Tuxedo Tribe, No. 322, and Orange Council No. 112, Jr. O. U. A. M. He is a member of the Methodist Church of Warwick. In politics he is a democrat. His father, John Hathorn Lott, died August 11, 1906, at the age of one hundred years eleven months and five days. There were ten children in his family by the first wife and nine by his second wife. He was a cooper by trade, and a great hunter of wild game.

IRVING K. LOUGHRAN, attorney of Walden, N. Y., has for many years been prominently identified with commercial and public affairs of Orange County. He is a native of New York and read law with Henry H. Hustis, of Fishkill-on-Hudson. Since his admission to the bar in 1882 he has practiced law continuously in Walden. Mr. Loughran has held all the judicial offices in the town of Montgomery and for fourteen years was justice of the peace. He served for twelve years on the board of supervisors and two terms as chairman of the board. He is secretary and director of the Wallkill Valley Electric Co., secretary of the Wallkill Valley Cemetery Association, secretary and director of the Schrade Cutlery Co. of Walden, and a member of the New York Bar Association. He has taken the various chairs in Masonry, including the Mystic Shrine, and is a member of the Newburgh Lodge of Elks and Walden Lodge, K. of P.

JAMES B. LOVE, who in 1906 purchased the Dr. Ormsbee farm on the State road midway between Newburgh and the village of Montgomery, was born in New York City, and engaged in business there for many years. He married Miss Maggie Urey and they have two sons, James B., Jr., born January, 1905, and John Robert, born March, 1908. Mr. Love and his family, like many retired New Yorkers, enjoy the freedom of rural life in Orange County.

HENRY C. LOVELAND was born October 13, 1853, at Chester, Pa. His father was William W. and mother, Lucinda M. (Atkins) Loveland. Twelve children were born to this union, nine boys and three girls. He obtained his early education at the district school at Chester, and later attended the public school at Napanoch. After his schooling he was employed in the rolling mills and in 1872 came to Middletown, learning the machinist trade. In 1878 he associated himself with the Wheeler, Madden and Clemson Mfg. Co., of Middletown, remaining with this firm until 1890, then with Clemson Bros. for a period of seventeen years, after which he has been connected with the National Saw Co. He was married to Josephine Decker, March 29, 1877. They have two children.

Stephen D., who married Nellie Clark, of Middletown, have two children, one son and one daughter, and Hattie, wife of George C. Brundage. Mr. Loveland is a member of Hoffman Lodge No. 412, F. and A. M.; Wallkill Council No. 92, Jr. O. U. A. M., and Olympia Council No. 14, D. of A. In politics he is a republican, and has served the city faithfully as councilman. The Loveland family are of English descent and dates back to 1635 in America.

WARREN LOWELL was born in Troy, N. Y., and educated in Albany and New York City. He was engaged in the milk business for a time and was later employed by the Union Pacific Railroad. About 1876 he returned to New York City and associated himself with the Orange County Milk Co., of which he is now a director, and holds the offices of secretary and superintendent. The plant at Goshen has facilities for handling four hundred cans of milk daily. The various creameries owned by this company have up-to-date machinery for the condensing of cream. This company was organized in 1860. Mr. Lowell is a member of Pyramid Lodge No. 490, F. and A. M.; Union Chapter No. 180, York Commandery No. 55, and the Consistory, all of New York City. Politically he is a republican. He married Matilda D. Senior, of New York, September 16, 1885.

OLIVER LOZIER, who is engaged in farming near Savilton, Orange County, was born in the town of Newburgh in 1837. He attended district school and the Newburgh Academy and engaged in farming until 1857, when he accepted a position as captain on the Newburgh ferry. In 1868 he removed to Savilton and purchased his farm of seventy-five acres. He has served as collector of the town one year and as supervisor six years. He married Elizabeth Hanmore and five children were born to them. His son, Frank E., is engaged in the management of the farm with his father. He married Miss May Palmer, of Ulster County; they have two children, one son, Elmore, and a daughter.

HARRY ROSS LYDECKER, attorney of Newburgh and Brooklyn, was born in Yonkers, N. Y., March 4, 1869. Son of Albert and Martha B. (Morrison) Lydecker; graduated 1887 from Mount St. Mary's Academy; read law in the office of Colonel William Dickey (now justice of the supreme court); admitted to the bar in 1893. He has served as counsel of the Newburgh Electric Railway Co.; corporation counsel of the town of New Windsor; town counsel of the town of Blooming Grove.

In 1906 Mr. Lydecker opened a law office in Brooklyn, N. Y. In January, 1907, the law firm of Lydecker and Smith was formed with offices in Newburgh. Mr. Lydecker is a member of the commandery and chapter, F. and A. M.; member of the Tenth Separate Company, the Canoe and Boating Association, the Royal Arcanum, Ringgold Hose and the Y. M. C. A. In 1891 he married Miss Minnie A. Brown, of Newburgh. Five children have been born to them.

JOHN McCARTY was born of Irish parentage in Westchester County, N. Y., and moved to Brooklyn when eighteen years of age. His early desires were for mercantile pursuits, but he eventually entered the service of the city of Brooklyn in the municipal board of health. He later became a clerk to Justice Walsh, which position he retained for some years, relinquishing this eventually to become alderman, serving on important committees while remaining in the board, and becoming also its presiding officer. He has dealt largely in Brooklyn real estate. He was nominated in 1891 to succeed John C. Jacobs, and was elected by over 16,000 plurality. Mr. McCarty was also a member of the committee on railroads, committee on insurance, manufactures, and was chairman of the committee on state prisons, and of the committee on public buildings. In politics he was a staunch democrat and represented the second senatorial district. He was a great admirer and owner of many fine horses, among them being Joe Patchen, which he purchased in 1889, since which time that noted horse has been kept at his stables at Goshen, N. Y. John McCarty was a son of Hugh McCarty, born in 1815 at County Down, Ireland, where he received a common school education. He came to America in February, 1834, and learned the mason trade at an early age. Returning to his native country he married Sarah Rogers, also of County Down, Ireland. He at once returned to America, settling in Westchester County, N. Y. He was largely identified with the building of High Bridge connecting New York and Harlem. Mr. McCarty was contractor for the masonry and personally laid the corner stone of the bridge. The trowel used in laying the cornerstone is now in possession of his daughter. Mr. McCarty owned his own quarries and the stone used in the High Bridge was transported on his own sloops for this as well as the Brooklyn navy yard and other contracts. He was a philanthropic man and gave large contributions to St. Mary's-on-the-Hudson at Cold Spring. There were five children born to the union, Ellen, John, Mary, Thomas and Sarah A. The latter now resides at their summer home in Goshen and in Brooklyn during the winter months. He married Marguerite I. Murphy, of New York City, and died October 20, 1905.

HON. BENJAMIN McCLUNG, mayor of the city of Newburgh, N. Y., and a prominent member of the Orange County Bar, was born in the town of New Windsor in 1867, a son of Samuel and Margaret (Upright) McClung. After finishing his preliminary education at the Newburgh Academy and Siglar's Preparatory School, he entered the law department of the University of New York, graduating in 1891 with the degree of LL.B. Mr. McClung practiced law in New York City for a short time, and in the same year, 1891, opened an office in Newburgh. He was for a time associated in practice with Hon. Russell Headley and in 1906 the law firm of McClung & Kohl was formed.

For many years Mr. McClung has been prominently identified with the affairs of the democratic party, which nominated him for member of assembly. In 1907 he was selected to head the democratic ticket in Newburgh, and November 5 was elected mayor by the substantial majority of 574 votes. Mayor McClung was inaugurated March, 1908, the first democrat to occupy that office in a period of eighteen years.

Socially he is identified with the Masonic fraternity, the Elks, Foresters and the City Club.

JOHN D. McCOACH, chief of police of the city of Middletown, was born in Bethel, Sullivan County, N. Y., in 1876 and educated at the public schools in Bethel, where he graduated. He came to Middletown in June, 1896, in his twenty-first year, and after serving six years as driver of a mail wagon, which duty he faithfully performed, he was appointed patrolman on the Middletown police force. In 1907 he was appointed chief of the Middletown police, which position he now holds. Politically he is a republican. Socially he is a member of Hoffman Lodge No. 412, F. and A. M., and Midland Chapter No. 240, R. A. M. He married Miss Lucy Barber, of Monticello, Sullivan County, and of this union two children have been born, Elmer E., born June 21, 1904, and Mildred O., born October 10, 1905. As befits one in his position Mr. McCoach is a man of varied learning and accomplishments, and withal a man of affairs, of keen perception and fair-minded. He is particularly well informed in local and Masonic matters.

ROBERT WORKMAN McCREADY, a prominent contractor at Tuxedo Park, is a resident of Sloatsburg, Rockland County. Mr. McCready was born at Belfast, in the North of Ireland, in 1862, a son of James and Mary (McIlveen) McCready, of Scotch descent. He attended the schools of Belfast and in 1882 received his certificate from the Government School of Art. He then spent a year with Harland & Wolf, shipbuilders, obtaining his certificate as joiner. In 1884 he came to Fall River, Mass., where he was employed as a carpenter one year. After a visit to his native place he again came to America in 1886 and was employed by Mead & Taft at Tuxedo. Two years later he formed a co-partnership with William M. Finch to conduct a general contracting and building business under the firm name of McCready & Finch. Their business developed rapidly and employment given to from three to four hundred men, erecting many of the most substantial buildings in Tuxedo Park, including the homes of Ambrose Monell, W. B. Densmore, W. B. Garrison, J. Henry Smith, a private school in the Park costing $35,000, and the $30,000 school in the village. He also rebuilt the Episcopal church. In 1905 Mr. McCready purchased Mr. Finch's interest in the business and is now conducting it alone. Mr. McCready has now under contract to erect in Tuxedo Park a residence for C. W. Clinton, of the firm of Clinton & Russell, architects, of Nassau street, New York; a Methodist church at Sloatsburg, an extension to William M. V. Hoffman's house, and alterations to A. D. Julliard's house, Tuxedo Park.

Mr. McCready is a member of numerous fraternal organizations, including Scottish Rite Masons and the Mystic Shrine. In 1889 he married Mary, daughter of John Finch, of Sloatsburg. They have two children--Olive and Robert Halsey.

JOHN W. McCULLOUGH, who for many years was engaged in the tobacco business in Water street, was born in Newburgh in 1819 and died in 1892. After finishing his studies at the high school he learned the tobacconist trade and engaged in the wholesale and retail business for himself at 93 Front street, in 1845, where he continued until 1873, when he purchased the premises at 68 and 70 Water street, where the business was continued by his son, John R. McCullough, up to the time of his death, July 31, 1907. Mr. McCullough was for many years an elder in the First Reformed Presbyterian Church, and also performed the duties of treasurer. In his long business career in his native place Mr. McCullough's name was a synonym for integrity and honorable dealings. John R. McCullough was born July 15, 1846. He was engaged in the drug business for a few years on Broadway, previous to engaging in the tobacco business with his father. He was a director of Quassaick National Bank, and Woodlawn Cemetery Association. He was treasurer of Union Church, and president of the board of water commissioners. He married Miss Marion Muir, who died September 18, 1900. Four children were born to them. John W., Jr., died November 6, 1888. Frederick R. continues the tobacco business in Water street.

FRED S. McDOWELL, supervisor of the town of Newburgh, was born in Newburgh in 1865; a son of James and Agnes (Frew) McDowell. As a young man he was engaged in the butchering business with his father and then entered the employ of Armour & Co. for two years as salesman, following which he conducted a meat market on Broadway three years. Since 1893 he has been one of the proprietors of the Newburgh Rendering Co.

Mr. McDowell is prominent in fraternal organizations. He is past master of Newburgh Lodge, F. and A. M., a member of Highland Chapter, Hudson River Commandery and the Mecca Temple. He is also past grand of Acme Lodge, I. O. O. F., and in 1907 was chosen district deputy of Orange District No. 1 of the Odd Fellows. He married Miss Jennie Whitaker, of New Windsor.

RALPH L. McGEOCH, M.D., a successful physician, residing and practicing in Goshen, N. Y., was born at Shushan, Washington County, N. Y., December 1, 1867. He was educated at Cambridge Washington Academy and Fort Edward Collegiate Institute. He entered the New York Homeopathic College in 1891 and graduated May 3, 1894, after which he came to Goshen, where he has since practiced. Dr. McGeoch is a member of the New York State Homeopathic Medical Society, the Tri-County Homeopathic Medical Society, the Orange County Medical Society, the New York State Medical Association, and the New York Homeopathic Alumni Association. On June 9, 1897, he was joined in marriage with Sarah W. Coleman.

JAMES D. McGIFFERT, clerk of Orange County, N. Y., was born and educated in Newburgh. As a young man he was employed by the Oakley Soap Co., in Washington street. Since he became a voter he has manifested an active interest in politics, the first office to which he was elected being that of assessor from the First Ward. He served as city collector of Newburgh from 1897 to 1906. In his dealings with the public in this capacity he was uniformly courteous and considerate. He was for two years master of Newburgh Lodge No. 309, F. and A. M., and its secretary ten years. He is excellent high priest of Highland Chapter No. 52, R. A. M.; also a member of Hudson River Commandery No. 35, Knights Templar. He is prominently identified with the Odd Fellows and firemanic circles. He was elected to the office of county clerk November, 1906, running over a thousand votes ahead of his ticket.

HENRY JAMES McKINNEY, was born at the family homestead in the town of Crawford, Orange County, April 10, 1854, and died at his residence in Pine Bush, N. Y., September 24, 1907. He was the third son of Luther and Maria (Morrison) McKinney. Following the death of his father he bought the homestead and continued thereon until 1892, when he removed to Pine Bush. In 1895 he engaged in the lumber, feed and coal business, which he conducted with much success for nearly twelve years, his business career being marked by courtesy and sterling honesty. On September 7, 1892, he married Miss Kate Woodworth Kapelye, who with three daughters survive him.

Mr. McKinney always manifested an active interest in the moral and intellectual advancement of his community. His death entailed the loss of a public-spirited citizen and Christian gentleman.

JOHN L. McKINNEY, postmaster at Pine Bush, was born on the homestead farm in the town of Crawford, Orange County, March 6, 1856; a son of Luther and Maria (Morrison) McKinney. He attended the schools of his native town and two terms at Professor Bank's private school in Newburgh. He has been engaged in business at Pine Bush since 1886. His first venture there was in conducting the flour mill, in which he continued five years. In 1891 he became a member of the firm of Armstrong & McKinney, dealers in general merchandise and drugs, where he remained about eight years. He then formed a partnership with Mr. J. E. Ward in the conduct of a hardware store. In 1904 he purchased Mr. Ward's interest and continues the business alone. Mr. McKinney, who is prominent in republican politics, received the appointment of postmaster under President McKinley, June 28, 1897. He is a member of the Presbyterian Church, in which he has served as elder for many years.

WILLIAM L. McKINNEY, a respected citizen of Montgomery, N. Y., has been identified with the affairs of that village for nearly half a century. He was born in the town of Montgomery in 1825, a son of Benjamin W. and Hannah (Hunt) McKinney. He has resided in the village since 1845 and in 1854 married Eliza Tindall, a member of one of Orange County's old families. One child, who died in infancy, was born to them. In 1860 Mr. McKinney was elected trustee of the village and in 1862 was appointed president of the corporation, holding that office three years, when he was appointed clerk of the village, which position he faithfully occupied for thirty-six years, resigning in 1901, since which time he has lived in retirement. His counsel is frequently sought in matters pertaining to the village. Mr. McKinney has been a member of the Presbyterian Church since 1867.

ROBERT J. McVOY, deceased, was one of the prominent agriculturists of Orange County. He was of Irish parentage. His father Hugh and mother Martha (Glascow) McVoy came from Ireland at an early period. Robert was born July 12, 1847, at Jackson's Corners, what was then Goshen. He attended the district and public school at Goshen, and assisted his father on the farm until the age of eighteen years. He rented farms at Bullville, Stony Ford, and Hamptonburgh successively for twenty-one years. He then purchased the late Theodore Jackson's farm, remaining there until his death, which occurred April 26, 1895. Mr. McVoy was united in marriage to Miss Alnetta Pierson Gillespie, of Montgomery, June 10, 1885. Two children were born by this union, Charles Felter, born August 21, 1886, and Sarah Maretta, born September 14, 1888, both residing at home. Mr. McVoy was a member of Wallkill Lodge, F. and A. M., and Court Wallkill, Foresters of America. He was a democrat and served as town collector several terms.

EDWARD MAIDMENT, of Warwick, was born at Shropshire, England, in 1840, and came to America with his parents when six years of age. The family located in Albany, where his father, Edward, established a bakery and confectionery business. He built up a large business and during the Civil War supplied the government with his goods.

Edward graduated from the Seward Institute as a civil engineer and for many years was in the engineering department of the N. Y. C. R. R. He later became manager for the Raritan Woolen Mills Co. and resided in Chicago. Since 1904 he has lived in retirement on his farm, the old Galloway homestead, in Warwick. He married Louisa Galloway and has three children, Alexander H. G., a lawyer of Hackensack, N. J.; Edward P., manager for Krause Milling Co., Milwaukee, Wis., for eastern New York and northern New Jersey, who resides at the homestead and also conducts a dairy business.

Alexander H. Galloway, Mrs. Maidment's father, was for many years one of Warwick's most important and progressive citizens, and promoted many financial institutions. He established the first creamery in Warwick, known as the Warwick Valley Milk Association. He was also interested in all social and religious projects. He died in 1884, survived by his wife, Hannah Louisa, who died March 9, 1907, aged ninety years.

W. H. MAILLER, senior member of the firm of W. H. & G. B. Mailler, was born in Cornwall in 1861. His father, Charles C. Mailler, was engaged in farming at Mountainville. After W. H. finished his schooling he spent two years in Brooklyn, and for a like period was in the employ of Samuel Ramsay. On April 1, 1886, he established his present meat market and in 1888 his brother George B. became a partner. Mr. W. H. Mailler married Miss Sophia J. Preston and three sons have been born to them. He has served as trustee of the village and school boards; also of the Presbyterian Church. He is a member of the Knights of Pythias, and the Order of American Mechanics. For twenty years he has been trustee of the local fire company. George B. Mailler is also actively identified with affairs of Cornwall village, and is a director of the Cornwall Savings Bank.

CHARLES E. MANCE, member of assembly from this district, was born in Ulster County, November 28, 1852, the place of his birth being then called Mance Settlement and now Cragsmoor. He came to Middletown with his parents when fourteen years of age, and has since that time made that city his home. After his district school education he attended the Middletown Public School. He served an apprenticeship in sign and ornamental painting, and later became a partner of H. J. Randall, with the firm name of Randall & Mance, which ended in 1878, when he was made assistant foreman in the painting department of the New York, Ontario & Western Railroad, and in June, 1883, was appointed master painter. His public service began with his election on the republican ticket as alderman from Middletown's Second ward in 1892. He was chosen president of the common council, and as such became acting mayor, after the death of Mayor Berry in 1897, for one year and four months. In 1900 he was elected mayor and served two terms. In 1906 the republicans elected him member of assembly and Speaker Wadsworth appointed him on the committees of agriculture, federal relations and fish and game. He is a member of Lancelot Lodge No. 169, K. of P., the Old Orchard Club, and an honorary member of Eagle Chemical Engine Co., of which he was foreman four years, and was first assistant chief of the Middletown Fire Department two years. He married Miss Augusta, daughter of Angus and Maria Taylor, May 28, 1874. They have two children, Frank A., who married Miss Belle Forrester, of Providence, R. I., and Mabel, wife of D. H. Ackerman, of Passaic, N. J. Charles E. is the only living of the seven children of John S. and Margaret Wilkinson Mance.

HIRAM G. MANN was born in 1839, July 11, at Florida, Orange County. His father was Hiram, and mother, Phoebe Cherry. They had eleven children. When Mr. Mann was ten years old his parents moved to Bellvale, Orange County, locating on a farm. Mr. Mann, in connection with farming, does pruning and rustic work, and his work may be seen at many of the finest places in Warwick and vicinity. He married Anna Royce, of Bellvale in 1863, March 18. Seven children have been born to this union and only one is living, Charles Mann, residing in New York, who follows civil engineering as a profession.

Mr. Mann takes an active part in local affairs and has been an ardent worker in politics. He is a republican, but never aspired to office. He served his country in the Civil War from September 10, 1861, to December 9, 1865. He is a member of the G. A. R.

ALBERT MANNING was born in the town of Greenville, Orange County, February 2, 1864. He attended the district school and graduated from the Port Jervis Academy in 1883. He taught school for three years, after which he was engaged in New York City for a period of six years in the manufacturing of bank and office fixtures. In 1897 he returned to the homestead, and assumed the management of the farm. Mr. Manning married Miss Hattie E. Green, daughter of Osmer B. Green and Harriet A. Thorn, of Otisville, N. Y., September 20, 1888. To this union one son, Frank LeRoy, was born, March 4, 1898.

Socially Mr. Manning is a member of Hoffman Lodge No. 412, F. and A. M., of Middletown, Concordia Council, Royal Arcanum and Modern Woodmen of America. He is master of Pomona Grange of Orange County. His father, Ephraim Manning, was born in the town of Greenville, this county, December 11, 1839, on the old homestead, which was purchased by Benjamin Manning, his grandfather, who was of English descent. After completing his studies in the common school Ephraim attended the academy at Mount Rose, Pa.

He married Miss Caroline A. Rundle, of Greenville, November 21, 1861. To this union were born two children, Albert and Eva K., wife of Abraham Wyekoff, residing in New Jersey.

HULET MANNING, a successful agriculturist residing in the town of Greenville, was born in that town August 2, 1843. He is a son of John and Mary Ann (Smith) Manning, and has always resided on the farm formerly owned by his father. Mr. Manning is a member of Shawangunk Grange of Greenville, and a director of the Patrons of Husbandry, Fire Relief Association of Orange and Ulster Counties. In politics he is a republican and cast his first vote for Abraham Lincoln. He married Elizabeth M., daughter of Alexander Remey, of Greenville, on December 23, 1864. Four children were born to this union, Hattie A., married Clement Van Etten, a farmer in Greenville; J. Edgar married Elsie Roberts, of Montclair, N. J., and is in business in New York; Mary A. married Bartow W. Bull, a farmer at Stony Ford, N. Y., and Clara D. married Theron Shute, a farmer in Greenville.

CHARLES WILLIS MANY, M.D., born May 10, 1868, at Goshen, Orange County, N. Y., is the son of Charles Matthews Many and Eliza Anna Francisco; grandson of John Vicary Many and Jane Howell Johnson, great grandson of Peter Johnson and Bethia Horton, and great-great-grandson of Thomas Horton and Susana Conklin. Thomas Horton acted as captain in Lieutenant-Colonel Marvin's regiment. Mr. Many is also great grandson of Barnabas Many and Mary Vicary and great-great-grandson of Annie Everet and Barnabas Many; the latter was a private soldier in the Revolutionary War. He assisted in signing articles of association in 1775 and served on the committee of safety and observation. When Mr. Many was one year old his family moved to Brooklyn, where he received his early training in the public schools and in Stafford private school. His mother died when he was sixteen, after which time he traveled extensively with his father. He began to read medicine very early in life and after leaving Brooklyn attended school at Wesleyan Academy, Wilbraham, Mass. He also attended the Long Island College Hospital, from which he graduated in the year 1894. On his graduation from the medical college he received a special diploma in physical diagnosis. He began practice immediately. In 1888 he married Miss Wilhelmina Martin, of Liberty, N. Y., whose ancestors were among the first to settle in Sullivan County. They soon afterward took up their residence in Florida, N. Y., where they have since remained. His three children are Lillian Grace, Clinton Alpheus and Myrtle June Many. Dr. Many has become medical examiner for the leading life insurance companies and in 1905 was appointed town physician. He is a member of the State Medical Association and the Orange County Medical Society. He is also a member of the Empire State Society of the Sons of American Revolution. In 1889 Dr. Many joined the Warwick Masonic Lodge, serving as senior deacon in 1900, senior warden in 1901, master in 1902-1903, assistant grand lecturer in 1904, and district deputy grand master in 1905-1906. It was during the last-named period that initiative steps were taken for the establishment of Lorillard Lodge at Tuxedo Park, a matter in which he was greatly interested and for which he labored diligently. In 1903 he was admitted to membership in Highland Chapter No. 52, R. A. M., Newburgh, N. Y.

A. W. MAPES, secretary of the Coldwell Lawn Mower Co., of Newburgh, was born in the town of Blooming Grove, his father, the late Edward Mapes, removing to Newburgh in 1854. Mr. Mapes is a graduate of the Newburgh Academy, class of 1857. His business education was acquired in the Highland Bank of Newburgh. While so employed he married Sarah E., daughter of the late John Parsons. This was at the beginning of the Rebellion, and soon after marriage he entered the United States Navy as paymaster's clerk. His war record runs from March 10, 1862, until September 30, 1866. A portion of this time was spent at the Brooklyn Navy yard, to which he was detailed because of his thorough knowledge of accounts.

During the later years of the war, and for over a year after its close he was attached to the United States frigate "Susquehanna." Upon resigning from the Navy he engaged in the mercantile business in New York City until 1883, when he returned to Newburgh as a member of the firm of Barnes & Mapes, provision dealers, at 62 and 64 Water street.

Mr. Mapes's health having become impaired, this partnership was dissolved in December, 1890. After a year's rest, Mr. Mapes again entered business life by assisting in the organization of the Coldwell Lawn Mower Co., of Newburgh. From the beginning of this business he has been a director and has taken an active part in building up a large trade. He attends especially to the New England and foreign branches of the business, spending the autumn months traveling throughout the eastern states and about four months each winter and spring in Europe.

ELMER L. MAPES was born on the homestead farm near Middletown, October 27, 1885. He attended the public school at Middletown, after which he worked at the glass cutting trade for two years. In connection with A. M. Horton he purchased the retail cigar and tobacco business of G. W. Bross. This partnership continued until November, 1907, when Mr. Mapes purchased Mr. Horton's interest and has since conducted the business. He married Miss Grace M. Wells, of Elmira, N. Y., June 27, 1907. Their one child, Erdean Harriett, was born June 13, 1908. Mr. Mapes is a member of Wallkill Council No. 92, Jr. O. U. A. M., and the Wallkill River Grange. In politics he is independent.

NELSON B. MAPES, who for the past fifty years has held the position of station agent for the Erie Railroad at Howells, Orange County, was born in the town of Wallkill, March 19, 1829. His father was John V. and mother Mary (Reeves) Mapes. Of their children Jeannette married Stephen Mapes, of Mount Hope, N. Y.; Albert Mapes living in Middletown, N. Y.; Nelson B. married Lucinda Mapes in 1853. Mr. Mapes served as justice of the peace in District No. 2 in the town of Wallkill for thirty years. With the Congregational Church our subject holds membership and has been an active member of the Howells Church for sixty years. Mr. Mapes was born on the farm and owned a farm previous to entering the employ of the Erie Railroad.

His father was an agriculturist and belonged to the Whig party. During the Civil War Mr. Mapes read the papers and dispatches to the crowd that always congregated at the depot to receive news from the front.

ROBERT D. MAPES was born at Howells Depot, Orange County, N. Y., September 14, 1862. He was reared on the home farm where he remained until 1886. In 1877 he engaged in the milk business in Middletown with his father, which partnership continued until 1886. He then purchased the interest of his father and continued the business alone until 1901. He is now in the livery business which he established in 1900. He married Miss Margaret Isabella Axford, of Howells, in 1886. She died March 24, 1901. He was again married June 15, 1902, to Hannah Eleanor Thompson, of Akron, Ohio. In politics he is a republican and takes an interest in matters pertaining to the town. He has served at different times as inspector of election.

SAMUEL MAPES, SR., on the 14th day of February, 1735, came to this town and settled on a portion of a tract of land of six hundred and forty acres, a portion of which the railroad station at Howells is now located on. He descended from a family originally immigrants from Wales, and since his settlement here the different generations have been noted for the great longevity of the members of the various families. It was nothing unusual to hear that many of them lived beyond eighty years, and frequently beyond ninety, and Selah R. Corwin, of Middletown, whose mother was Priscilla Mapes, was born December 29, 1809, and is now active and can be seen upon the streets almost any clear day at this time.

The name carried with it the characteristics of sturdiness, honesty and piety, and not inclined to seek public office.

At one time the family was so numerous that a portion of the town of Mount Hope was called Mapestown, but that name long since disappeared; however, there are many of their descendants yet living in this vicinity, although a large number are engaged in business in various other states.

JESSE DURLAND MARS, a successful medical practitioner, and one of the youngest in this profession in the county, was born September 7, 1880, at Bellvale, Orange County, N. Y. His parents, when the boy was still at an early age, removed to Florida, N. Y., where they reside at the present time. He first attended school at the Florida Academy, later entering the S. S. Seward Institute, from which he graduated in 1898. The two years immediately following were spent in teaching in order to prepare himself financially for college. In the fall of 1900 the young man entered the medical department of the University of Michigan. He always maintained a high average in his medical course and at his graduation in June, 1904, stood among the first in a class of one hundred. He successfully competed for an internship in the University Hospital at Ann Arbor, Mich., and spent the year 1904-1905 in that capacity. In order to further round cut his medical knowledge and experience a six-months' course in the Metropolitan Hospital in New York City was entered upon. Later on he was resident physician in the Jamaica Hospital, at Jamaica, Long Island.

At the beginning of the year 1906 Dr. Mars returned to Florida, where he had spent his youth, and began the practice of his chosen profession. He soon identified himself with the Orange County Medical Society, the New York Medical Society, and the American Medical Association, in all of which he is actively interested.

His father, Stephen Mars, was born in Germany in 1843. When twenty-two years of age he came to America, located in Orange County, and engaged in farming. In 1872 he married Annie Mary DeGraw, a native of Orange County. Eight children were born to this couple, Jesse D., the subject of this sketch, being the fifth.

On December 10, 1907, Dr. Mars married Estelle Otis, the second youngest daughter of Josiah and Elizabeth W. Otis. The Otis family is among the earliest residents of Orange County, the ancestors of Mrs. Mars having come over in the Mayflower. Dr. and Mrs. Mars now occupy the property of the late James A. Boyd.

JAMES G. MARTIN, of Middletown, was born of Irish parentage in Dublin, Ireland, February 1, 1852. He is a son of John and Ann Martin. His father and also his grandfather were architects and builders in the old country. His father died in Australia about 1880. The subject of this sketch was educated at Clongeswood College in Dublin, Ireland. He came to America in 1869, settling in Middletown, Orange County. He identified himself with Howell Hinchman & Co., remaining there a brief period, and then worked as journeyman at the moulder's trade for four years. In 1891 he formed a partnership with Thomas H. Butler and under the firm name of Butler & Martin built the present commodious shops. After a year Mr. Martin purchased his partner's interest and has since continued the business alone. In November, 1871, he married Miss Mary A. Cunningham, of Middletown; her death occurred in October, 1886. Five children were born by this union. He chose for his second wife Mrs. Annie (Houston) Kilbride, of Middletown, and they are the parents of two children. In local politics Mr. Martin takes an active part. He is a democrat and has served as supervisor. He is a member of the Port Jervis B. P. O. E. No. 645, the Knights of Columbus, and is an active member of St. Joseph's Catholic Church of Middletown.

CAPTAIN THOMAS S. MARVEL, head of the iron shipbuilding and engineering works which bears his name, was born in New York City, May 16, 1834. His father, who was a shipbuilder, came to Newburgh in 1836 and established a ship yard. Thomas S. was apprenticed to the trade of ship carpentry and at the age of twenty-one began business for himself. When the Civil War was declared he quited his business and raised a company which was mustered in October 28, 1861, as Company A, 56th New York Volunteers, with Captain Marvel in command. After serving fifteen months he resumed business in Newburgh, and with the exception of a few years spent in Staten Island has continued to make that city his home. In 1877 he engaged with Ward, Stanton & Co., to superintend the construction of their vessels. After the failure of this firm, Captain Marvel formed a partnership with John Delany to operate a ship yard. The business developed rapidly and has for years been one of the most important industries in Newburgh, giving employment to about two hundred and fifty men. The present officers of the company are: Thomas S. Marvel, president; Harry A. Marvel, vice-president and treasurer, and T. S. Marvel, Jr., secretary. The capital of the concern is $300,000.

Captain Marvel in 1861 married Hattie, daughter of John Burns, of Monroe, N. Y. They became the parents of two sons and two daughters.

HARRY A. MARVEL, superintendent of the T. S. Marvel Shipbuilding Co., a sketch of which appears elsewhere, was born in 1865 at Staten Island, and is a son of Captain Thomas S. and Hattie (Burns) Marvel. Since finishing his studies at the Newburgh Academy Harry has been associated with his father in the important industry of steel shipbuilding. Socially he is identified with the Masonic fraternity of Newburgh. He married Miss Katherine Vought, of Cornwall, and two children have been born to them.

F. N. MASON, a prominent business man of Port Jervis, N. Y., has resided there since 1860. After finishing his studies at the public schools he engaged with Mr. George Lea in the drug business and in 1875 entered the New York College of Pharmacy. He was subsequently in the employ of Mr. Lea, until 1888, when he became his partner, and in 1891 bought Mr. Lea's interest and continued the business alone until 1902, when his son became his partner.

Mr. Mason is a director of the National Bank of Port Jervis; president of the Port Jervis Telephone Co., and director of the Port Jervis Real Estate and Loan Association. He served two terms as trustee of the village and is now alderman of the city. In fraternal circles he is identified with the Masons, Elks and Odd Fellows. Mr. Mason married Miss Phoebe C. Everett and their son Mariner H. is the only child.

MICHAEL MAYER, manufacturer of cut glass in Port Jervis, N. Y., was born in the French province of Alsace-Lorraine in 1849 and came to America in 1866, locating in Brooklyn, N. Y. He operated a cut glass factory in that city until 1895, when he moved his plant to Port Jervis, N. Y., in the building formerly occupied by the Orange County Flint Glass Works. This concern is now one of the most important industries in the county. In 1871 Mr. Mayer was joined in marriage with Madeline Miller, a native of the same province as himself. The ceremony was performed in Brooklyn. Mrs. Mayer died in 1900. He chose for his second wife Mrs. Eva Krell in 1904, who died in 1906. By his first wife Mr. Mayer had four children: George, of Brooklyn, N. Y.; Edward, associated with his father as manager of the factory; Madeline, wife of John W. Kelley, of Port Jervis, and Josephine, wife of Wm. P. Gregg, of Port Jervis. In politics Mr. Mayer is a republican and holds the office of supervisor of the First Ward. He is a member of Port Jervis Lodge No. 645, B. P. O. E., and a director of the Port Jervis B. & L. Association No. 1. The family attends the Church of the Sacred Heart of Port Jervis.

CHARLES L. MEAD, LL.B., was born August 27, 1851, in the town of Wawayanda, Orange County, N. Y. His father, William H. Mead, was also a native of the town. The subject of this sketch, the eldest of the family, remained at home until fourteen years of age, when he became a student at the Wallkill Academy. He took a course at Claverack College, Columbia County, N. Y., from which he graduated in 1873. He then entered Princeton with the class of '77, where he was a student for two years. He entered Columbia Law School in New York in 1875, graduating in 1877 with the degree of LL.B., after which he opened a law office at Goshen, N. Y. In 1892 he was elected county treasurer.

Mr. Mead married Miss Fannie Tuthill, of Middletown, N. Y., June 5, 1878. He is a member of the Sons of the Revolution and a republican. He has represented his party in various conventions and was councilman for several years.

WALTER J. MEAD, president of the Montgomery & Erie Railroad, was born in Montgomery, February 16, 1824, a son of Walter and Elsie (Monell) Mead. As a young man he engaged in the grist mill business with his father and continued in that industry for forty or fifty years. Mr. Mead has been closely identified with the Montgomery and Erie Railroad, holding the office of superintendent, secretary, vice-president and president. He has also been very active in promoting educational matters in the village and served many years as trustee of the village school board, and president of the village board of trustees. Mr. Mead has been twice married; by his first wife, who was Laura C. Benedict, he had three children. For his second wife he chose Mrs. Ketura M. Miller, daughter of Henry W. Thompson, a prominent citizen of Goshen.

ALEXANDER MERRITT, a well-known undertaker and embalmer of Middletown, was born in the town of Blooming Grove, June 30, 1847. When fourteen years of age he came to Middletown and learned the carpenters' trade, which he followed seven years. In 1874 he engaged with his father-in-law, W. H. Knapp, as an assistant in his undertaking establishment, remaining with him until 1881, when he embarked in the cabinet manufacturing business. On March 1, 1891, he entered into partnership with W. Nelson Knapp in the establishment of an undertaking business, and eleven years from that time purchased Mr. Knapp's interest, and has since conducted the business alone. He is a member of Hoffman Lodge No. 412, F. & A. M.; Middletown Lodge No. 112, I. O. O. F.; Concord Council No. 1077; Royal Arcanum and Launcelot Lodge No. 169, K. O. P.

Mr. Merritt married Miss May A. Knapp, September 3, 1873, and they have three children: Clarence N., married Ella Groo, and resides in Paterson, N. J.; Lulu May, married Robert Terhune, resides at East Orange, N. J., and Walter K., who married Frances H. Darbee, of Middletown. Walter assists his father in the management of the undertaking business.

THEODORE MERRITT represents the fifth generation of George Merritt and Glorianna Purday, who located in the town of Newburgh, 1747. Homestead at Middlehope, purchased by Humphry Merritt, 1758, now in possession of Daniel H. Merritt. Theodore in 1853 entered employ of John R. Gorham as druggist's clerk. In 1859 he purchased the business of John F. Van Nort and became his successor. In 1866 he purchased the property at 40 Water street, where the wholesale and retail drug business has since been conducted. In 1898 Mr. Merritt retired from active management and the firm of Theodore Merritt & Sons continued, composed of George H., Hiram and Theodore A. Merritt.

On July 17, 1907, George H. and Hiram purchased the interest of Theodore A. in the business, and now conduct it under the name of Theodore Merritt's Sons.

CHARLES S. MILES was born July 19, 1870, near Lake Station, Orange County. His father was William J., and his mother Elizabeth (Doty) Miles. Four children were born to this union: George E., born 1862; Edward D., born 1867; Charles S., and Mary E., born 1874, the wife of James Fintze, of Newark, Ohio. Mr. Miles acquired his education at the Warwick public school, after which he learned the printers' trade. He was identified with the county newspapers, also papers in New York and Brooklyn. He has been connected with the O. & W. Motive Power Department and the Road Department. He was married December 7, 1892, to Miss Minnie E. Shove, of Middletown, daughter of George and Julia Shove. Two children have blessed this union: Victor Edward, died at the age of thirteen months, and George W., born September 17, 1895. Socially he belongs to the O. & W. Shop Employees' Relief and Benefit Association, and is recording secretary of the Jr. O. U. A. M., Wallkill Council No. 92. He is a member and usher of the Methodist Church of Middletown. Mr. Miles was elected city treasurer in 1907.

Dr. JAMES J. MILLS is a native of Orange County, N. Y., and one of its leading professional men. He was born at Mount Hope, May 9, 1851. He is a son of Hon. Andrew J. Mills and Maria (Green) Mills and a descendant of Timothy Mills, an early settler of Long Island, whose son Ebenezer, born in 1757, was probably the first of the family to settle in Orange County. He is of Revolutionary ancestry. His maternal grandfather was related to Nathaniel Green, and his maternal grandmother was related to Nathan Hale, the patriot who was executed by the British as a spy, and whose statue adorns the City Hall Park, New York. At an early age Dr. Mills clerked in New York City for Alex. Hudnut, and in the Astor House drug store. He afterwards turned his attention to dentistry, and since April 8, 1878, has followed his profession in Port Jervis, N. Y. The doctor has been influential in promoting public improvements and establishing business enterprises. He was a member of the Board of Education, Board of Health, village trustee, town assessor, and held various other offices. In 1902-1904 he received the democratic nomination for member of assembly. Dr. Mills is a member of the New York State Dental Society, the Dental Society of the Ninth Assembly District, No. 328 F. and A. M. of Port Jervis, Chapter No. 86 and the Mecca Temple, Knights of Pythias, B. P. O. E., Minisink Valley Historical Society as an officer; served in Delaware Hose Company No. 2 of the Port Jervis fire department twenty years.

NATHAN D. MILLS, a manufacturer of Middletown, N. Y., was born at Circleville. Orange County, November 3, 1867. He acquired his education at the district school and Middletown Academy. During one year he was in New York City with Crawford & Valentine, contractors, who constructed the Brooklyn waterworks. After returning to Orange County he managed a farm for three years, and in 1895 purchased the wholesale and retail cigar business of Robert Sayer. In two years' time the volume of business was such that Mr. Mills found it necessary to erect a large factory building, 36 x 60 feet. The concern now gives employment to forty-five men. Mr. Mills was twice nominated for sheriff by the democrats of Orange County. In his first candidacy he carried Middletown by 861 majority and in his second by 415 majority. It was not expected that he would overcome the continuous republican majority in the county. He was master of Hoffman Lodge No. 412, F. & A. M., two years; is a member of Midland Chapter No. 240, Cypress Commandery No. 67, Mecca Temple of New York, Jr. O. U. A. M., and B. P. O. E. of Port Jervis. He is an honorary member of the Middletown Excelsior Hook and Ladder Company, worthy president of the Eagles of Middletown, and is identified with the Middletown Athletic Association, Old Orchard Club, Middletown Club, Newburgh City Club and Orange County Golf Club. He was married to Miss Mary Beakes, of Fair Oaks, N. Y., daughter of Howell and Anna J. Beakes, March 2, 1892. Their one child, Maurice, died when two and one-half years old. Mr. Mills' parents were Nathan J. and Julia Elizabeth Mills, and they had seven children, two of whom died in infancy and one at fourteen years of age. Those living are Anna M., wife of Charles E. Haight, of New York City; Lizzie J., wife of Virgil K. Carpenter, of Fair Oaks, N. Y., and Frank P. a resident of Bullville, Orange County. Mr. Mills is a descendant of an honored family and has achieved a success which ranks him with the solid financial men of his city and county.

SAMUEL CRAWFORD MILLS, for many years one of the leading business men of Newburgh, was born in Bloomingburg, Sullivan County, N. Y., March 9, 1839. He died at his home in Newburgh in 1904. Mr. Mills came to this city in 1857 and entered the dry-goods house of Stephen Hayt & Co. as a salesman, continuing with this house for nearly six years. In 1863 Mr. Mills formed a partnership with John Schoonmaker and A. Y. Weller to conduct a dry-goods establishment. The enterprise proved very successful, and Mr. Mills retired from the firm in 1885. For many years he was a director of the Quassaick National Bank and a trustee of the Newburgh Savings Bank.

Mr. Mills was twice married. His first wife, Miss Elizabeth Vail, died in 1868. For his second wife he chose Sarah, daughter of Hon. Stephen McDonald, of Elmira. Two children were born, Stephen McDonald and Mary Duryea. The latter is the only surviving member of this family. She is a member of Quassaick Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution.

In 1908 Miss Mills married Mr. Luther Winthrop Faulkner, of Lowell, Mass., where she now resides.

SAMUEL WICKHAM MILLS, D.D., was a native of Orange County, born in the town of Wallkill, April 5, 1820. The Mills family came to America from England. At the age of fifteen he entered Rutgers College at New Brunswick, N. J., where he graduated at the age of eighteen. In 1842 he graduated from the Theological Seminary at New Brunswick.

At Bloomingburg, Sullivan County, Dr. Mills began his pastoral work in 1843. At the end of fifteen years he located at Port Jervis, where he was engaged in preaching for fourteen years. He was married January 17, 1844, to Miss Amelia J. Bailey, daughter of Nathaniel Bailey, of Middletown, N. Y. She was born February 28, 1822, and died March 12, 1867. By this union there were six children. On the 29th of November, 1870, Rev. Dr. Mills was again married to Miss Amira St. John, of Port Jervis. He died November 27, 1902.

STOTT MILLS, postmaster at Warwick, N. Y., was born at Paterson, N. J., June 26, 1840. His parents were John and Sarah (Briarly) Mills, and both were of English extraction. The subject of this sketch acquired his education at the public school at Paterson. He was identified with the Rogers Locomotive Works for a period of four years. He enlisted in May, 1861, in Company A, Second Regiment, N. J. Vols., and was honorably discharged. He participated in all the important engagements in which his regiment was engaged, and became first lieutenant. After the close of the war he removed to Port Jervis, N. Y., and was connected with the Erie Railroad as foreman in the shops for a period of fourteen years. He went west for three years, after which he removed to Warwick, N. Y., and filled the position of master mechanic of the Lehigh and Hudson Railroad for sixteen years. In 1898 he was appointed postmaster at Warwick, which position he still holds. He was united in marriage to Melvina Jackson, of Amity, Orange County, May 17, 1865. To this union five children were born--Sarah, Anna, Isabel, John and Charles. In politics Mr. Mills is a republican. He is a member of Lincoln Post, G. A. R., of Newark, N. J., and attends the Episcopal Church of Warwick.

DR. THEODORE DENTON MILLS was born June 9, 1852, in Bloomingburgh, Sullivan County, N. Y., and is the son of Dr. Samuel Wickham and Almeda Jane (Bailey) Mills. The former, who was a clergyman, was descended in a direct line from George Mills, who was born about 1605, came from Yorkshire, England, in 1665, and died in Jamaica, Long Island, in 1694, at the age of eighty-nine. His son, Samuel, was born in 1631, and died in Jamaica, L. I., in 1726, at the age of ninety-five; he was the father of Jonathan, who was born in Jamaica, L. I., and had four sons, Timothy, Samuel, Isaac and Jonathan. Timothy, who was born at Jamaica in 1677, left that place and settled at Mills Pond, L. I., in 1693; he died March 30, 1751, aged seventy-four. His son Jonathan, who was born in 1710, at Mills Pond, L. I., and died in 1798, at the age of eighty-eight, was the father of Jacob, who was born in 1746 at Mills Pond, L. I. (near St. James); he moved to New Windsor, Orange County, N. Y., in 1768 or 1770, and soon after to the town of Wallkill, Orange County; he died in 1841, aged ninety-five years. His son Samuel, who was born in 1776 and died in 1860, at the age of eighty-four, was the father of the Rev. Samuel Wickham, mentioned above, who was born in 1820 and died in 1902, aged eighty-two. The maternal ancestors of Dr. Mills were old residents of Orange County, New York, his grandfather, Nathaniel Bailey, having been the son of Captain Daniel Bailey, a soldier in the Revolutionary army.

Dr. Mills was prepared for college at the private school of Professor A. B. Wilbur, of Port Jervis, N. Y., and in 1874 graduated as bachelor of arts from Rutgers College, New Brunswick, N. J., being junior orator and commencement orator, and receiving, in 1877, from the same institution, the degree of master of arts. He was a member of the Phi Beta Kappa and Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternities. He studied medicine with Dr. Henry R. Baldwin, of New Brunswick, N. J., and Dr. Henry Hardenbergh, of Port Jervis, N. Y. In 1876 he graduated from the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University with the degree of doctor of Medicine, and from April of that year to October, 1877, was house surgeon in the first surgical division of Bellevue Hospital. He practiced medicine at Port Jervis, N. Y., from October, 1877, to January, 1881, when he removed to Middletown, N. Y., where he has been located since. He is attending surgeon to the Thrall Hospital and surgeon to the New York, Ontario and Western Railroad Company. He has been a trustee of the Middletown Savings Bank and of the Orange County Trust and Safe Deposit Company, and was for six years president of the Orange County Telephone Company and is a director of the Stivers Printing Company. He is a member of the County and State Medical Societies, the American Medical Association, the New York and New England Association of Railroad Surgeons and the International Association of Railroad Surgeons. He is a member of the Middletown Club and in politics independent. He is also a member of the Sons of the Revolution.

Dr. Mills married Christina, daughter of Hon. M. D. Stivers, of Middletown, October 20, 1867. They are the parents of the following children: Theodore Denton, Jr., born November 10, 1888, died January 14, 1889; Samuel Wickham, born January 4, 1892, and Elizabeth Stivers, born August 29, 1893.

GEORGE HENRY MILLSPAUGH was born in Goshen, Orange County, October 9, 1872. He received his education at the public school at Goshen, where he has since resided. He engaged in the laundry business in 1897 and now has the only steam laundry in Goshen, it being fully equipped with every modern convenience. In politics he is a republican. He is a member of Goshen Lodge No. 365, F. & A. M.; Goshen Social and Athletic Association, Cataract Hose Company and the Knights of Pythias. Mr. Millspaugh is active in all matters relating to the highest interest of the town in which he lives.

HECTOR W. MILLSPAUGH was born January 29, 1866, at Wallkill, Ulster County, N. Y. He was a son of Henry and Mary E. Millspaugh, there being five children in his parents' family. He received his early education at the district school. At an early age he identified himself with the New York Knife Co., of Walden, N. Y., learning the business in detail. He worked diligently for the interest of the company, remaining there twenty-five years. He married Miss Rosina Stickles, of Walden, daughter of Steven and Hanna Stickles, March 11, 1886. Two children were born to this union: Charles, born September 21, 1892; Etta, born April 4, 1888, both at home. In politics Mr. Millspaugh is a republican. He is at present supervisor of the town of Montgomery. Socially a member of No. 170 I. O. O. F., Freeman Lodge No. 310, Mohonk Tribe, Improved Order of Red Men, Henry Gowdy Council, American Mechanics of Walden, Court Orange No. 8, Foresters of America. His wife is a member of the Methodist Church of Walden.

THERON L. MILLSPAUGH, who has been engaged in the furniture and undertaking business for fifty years, is an honored citizen of Walden, N. Y. His ancestry in America dates back to Philip Millspaugh, who was a soldier in the Revolutionary War. Theron L. was born in 1838, a son of Gilbert S. and Jane (Clineman) Millspaugh. At the age of seventeen he began his apprenticeship as cabinetmaker and in 1858 purchased the business from the widow of his former employer. His floor space at present covers over 10,000 square feet and is one of the finest furniture houses in Orange County. In 1862 he married Miss Eleanor D., daughter of Hon. David H. Smith, of the town of Montgomery. Two children have been born to them, Hattie C., now the wife of Dr. J. E. Sadlier, of Poughkeepsie, and Gilbert S., in business with his father. Mr. Millspaugh has served as deacon and elder of the Reformed Church, also on the Board of Village Trustees.

JOHN CLINTON MINTURN, of Bellvale, was born in the town of Warwick in 1853. In 1876 he opened a general store at Bellvale, which he is still conducting as well as one at Greenwood Lake, which he established several years ago. On January 11, 1877, he married Mary Ellen Hunter, of Greenwood Lake, and three children have been born to them, two of whom are living, John C. and Mamie E. John C. is assistant in his father's store. Mr. Minturn has served as school trustee several years. His father, James Minturn, was a farmer and mason and a descendant of Captain John Minturn, of Revolutionary fame.

EDGAR O. MITCHELL, M.D., Newburgh, N. Y., was born in New York City in 1864. When five years of age his parents removed to Newburgh. He was educated at Siglar's Preparatory School, Phillips (Exeter) Academy and Harvard University. He graduated from Harvard Medical College in 1892 and has since practiced in Newburgh. He is a member of the City and Powelton Clubs. Dr. Mitchell is a son of John James Mitchell, M.D., who has been one of Newburgh's foremost physicians for nearly forty years, and ex-president of the Homeopathic Medical Society of New York State. The family is of Puritan ancestry and direct descendants of Thomas Mitchell, who settled in Block Island, R. I., and bought one-fourteenth of the original share of the Island in 1677.

GEORGE R. MITCHELL, of Newburgh, who carries on an extensive business as a plumber and tinsmith and dealer in stoves and tinware, was born in Islip, L. I., in 1859. He came to Newburgh in 1871 and learned his trade with J. D. Mabie. He started in business for himself in 1886, opening a shop in Smith street. His present commodious quarters are located at 73 Second street. Mr. Mitchell married Miss Anna E. Campbell, of Newburgh, and has one son. He is trustee of the Associate Reformed Church and a member of Hudson River Lodge, F. & A. M.

BENJAMIN MOFFATT was born in the town of Blooming Grove, Orange County, N. Y., a son of Nathaniel and grandson of Samuel Moffatt, the first of the name who came from County of Antrim, Ireland, and settled in Blagg's Clove, Orange County, where he died May, 1787, in his eighty-second year.

Benjamin Moffatt, who inherited the strong, sterling characteristics of his Scotch-Irish ancestors, moved in 1840 to the then far West, Milwaukee, Wis., accompanied by his wife, who was Elizabeth Hulse, and their two infant daughters. Later the family moved to Illinois, where they resided many years and where the bright, beneficent influence of Mr. Moffatt reflected on all around him. He was an upright, honest, conscientious man, and every act of his life manifested the religious teachings of his younger days. In his hospitable home were entertained many travelers passing through the then frontier line of our country.

Mr. Moffatt was a charter member of the First Congregational Church of Milwaukee, Wis., and of the Second Congregational Church of Rockford, Ill. He was influential in the establishment of Beloit College, Beloit, Wis., and Rockford College, Rockford, Ill. He died June 9, 1857, in his sixty-sixth year, leaving his wife and three children, Melissa, Josephine and Gilbert, and the memory of a life which had a moulding influence for good in the home of his adoption.

GEORGE E. MORAN, SR., superintendent of the paper mills owned by the Diamond Mills Paper Company, located at New Hampton, N. Y., has been engaged for fifty years in the manufacture of paper. The Diamond Mills occupy the site of an industrial landmark in this section and is the property of Col. G. W. Thompson, of New York City, who bought it from E. Rosencrans in 1875. The plant has been greatly improved and additions made from time to time, including a one-hundred-foot addition across the creek in 1900. Employment is given to thirty persons, and the product averages two tons of finished tissue paper daily. An artesian well is on the premises and the plant is equipped with large and modern machinery.

Mr. Moran, who is an expert in the manufacture of fine paper, entered the employ of Col. Thompson some forty years ago and by energy and industry acquired his present responsible position. He is assisted by his son, George E., in the management of the business.

ARTHUR S. MOORE was born in Bay City, Mich., March 7, 1879. He attended the public schools and graduated in that city, afterward graduating from the Medical Department of the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor in 1901. He was surgical intern at Ann Arbor Hospital one year, following which he was assistant at the Criminal Insane Asylum at Ionia, Mich., removing to Middletown in October, 1903. He is now connected with the Middletown State Homeopathic Hospital. Dr. Moore was married to Martha McCartney, of Bay City, Mich. He is a member of Knights of Pythias of Ionia, Mich., and of Ann Arbor Lodge, F. & A. M.

JONATHAN OWEN MOORE, son of Alexander and Hannah (Owen) Moore, was born in Washingtonville, Christmas Day, 1833, at the Moore homestead. As a young man he accepted a position in the Bank of Albany, where he remained until his enlistment as a soldier in the Civil War. He had the distinction of being the first man from New York State to receive an army commission. He was promoted from time to time and at the close of the war returned as captain of his regiment, known as the Wide-Awakes. He then married Miss Helen, daughter of Van Rensselaer Wilbur, of Albany. Returning to Washingtonville, he engaged in the furniture business for a number of years, and was also elected to the office of justice of the peace. Mr. Moore, familiarly known as "Owenie" Moore, has been a life-long staunch republican, working enthusiastically for the election of party candidates. In later years he lived in retirement in New York City, devoting his time to the settlement of estates. His daughter, Bertha, now Mrs. O. B. Stillman, of New York, has her country place at what is known as the Goldsmith homestead, near Washingtonville. Mr. Moore died in New York City in 1908.

JOHN W. MORLEY, son of James and Anna (Vought) Morley, was born at Cornwall, Orange County, N. Y., in 1867. After finishing his studies at the schools of Newburgh, he learned the hatter's trade, in which he was engaged for twenty years. In 1904 he established a grocery store at Gardnertown, which he is conducting with much success. Mr. Morley takes an active interest in politics and in 1905 was elected commissioner of the City and Town Home.

Socially he is a member of the Masonic fraternity, the Junior Order of American Mechanics and the International Hatters' Association. He was united in marriage to Miss Elizabeth Van Buren.

DAVID A. MORRISON, secretary of the Orange County Agricultural Society, 1858-1908, belongs to one of the old representative families of Orange County, where his entire life has been passed. He is of Scotch-Irish and Dutch ancestry. His paternal ancestors emigrated from Scotland to the north of Ireland during the seventeenth century. His great-great-grandfather, John Morrison, was born near Belfast, Ireland, in the year 1700, and came to this country prior to the Revolution. His son John, the founder of the family in America, had preceded him several years and settled on what is now known as the Morrison Homestead, in the town of Montgomery. He married Elizabeth Scott. They had nine children, one of whom was Hamilton, the grandfather of the subject of this sketch, who inherited the home farm. He married Lydia Beemer, who was of Dutch descent, whose ancestors came from Beemersville, N. J., who lived to the advanced age of one hundred and three years. They had eight children, of whom Hamilton, the father of our subject, was the youngest but one.

Hamilton Morrison, the father of David A., was born August 24, 1804, at the Old Homestead which he inherited, and which has descended from father to son for five generations, or nearly one hundred and fifty years. He was one of the founders of the Orange County Agricultural Society, and continued to be one of its most devoted friends until his death in 1881. He filled at different times every office in the society except treasurer. He was elected a member of its executive committee eight times, was corresponding secretary from 1851 to 1857 inclusive, was vice-president twenty years, and president twice. He married Maria Mould, daughter of Jonathan Mould, of the town of Montgomery, and a lineal descendant of Christoffel Mould, one of the earliest Dutch settlers of the Wallkill Valley.

David A. Morrison is the second in a family of seven children. Jonathan M., of Montgomery, who was widely known and highly esteemed and who died in 1898; David A., George H. and John G., prominent and intelligent farmers who reside on the Homestead Farm, which contains nearly three hundred acres, and is now one of the best improved estates in the town of Montgomery; William H. H., a well-known, progressive and successful farmer on an adjoining farm; Mary J., who married Elijah C. Thayer, of Hamptonburgh, and died in February, 1901; and Elizabeth M., wife of William C. Hart, of Walden, N. Y.

Mr. Morrison was educated in public schools and the Montgomery Academy, and at the age of seventeen years became a teacher. He taught district schools in the towns of Montgomery, Hamptonburgh and Blooming Grove, and was principal of graded schools in the villages of Walden and Montgomery--in all about thirty terms.

In 1867 he was elected school commissioner for the First District of Orange County, serving until 1894--in all five terms, or fifteen years, a record that has never been paralleled in the State.

He has been secretary of the Orange County Agricultural Society for fifty years, and has attended every fair held by it since its organization in 1841. He is one of the mainstays of the society, and a man of education and ability.

In 1880 Mr. Morrison married Mary R. Lipsett, a daughter of the late Robert and Mary A. (Morrison) Lipsett, of the town of Montgomery, and granddaughter of Col. William Faulkner of Revolutionary fame.

In 1893 he removed to Newburgh, where he now resides.

He was nominated for Congress, against his earnest protests, in 1896, and, although running far ahead of his ticket, he shared the fate of his party, and was defeated by Benjamin B. Odell, Jr., since Governor of the State.

Mr. Morrison was county correspondent of the U. S. Department of Agriculture and Statistical Bureau of the Patent Office for forty years. He was one of the incorporators of the Columbus Trust Company of Newburgh, N. Y., and has been one of its directors and a member of its executive committee since its organization, and is now its vice-president.

He is president of the Board of Trustees of Union Presbyterian Church, Newburgh, N. Y.; vice-president of the Historical Society of Newburgh Bay and the Highlands; a trustee of Washington's Headquarters, Newburgh, N. Y.; a member of the Empire State Society of the Sons of the American Revolution, and president of Newburgh Chapter, S. A. R.; and a life member of the New York State Agricultural Society.

HAMILTON MORRISON was born August 24, 1804, at the old homestead, which is now occupied by his sons, George H. and John G. This property has been handed down from father to son since long before the Revolution. It contains two hundred and sixty acres of land and is one of the best improved estates in the town of Montgomery.

His paternal family included eight children, of whom our subject was the youngest but one. His parents were Hamilton and Lydia (Beemer) Morrison. The former, a native of Ireland, crossed the Atlantic and landed on the American shore when a mere lad, accompanied by his father, John. The latter took up the land which is still in the Morrison family. Hamilton married January 10, 1827, Maria, daughter of Jonathan and Elizabeth Mould; she died March 26, 1868. To our subject and his wife the following children were born: Jonathan M., married Margaret Windfield; David A., married Mary R. Lipsett; George H., unmarried; Mary J., married Elijah Carpenter Thayer; John G., unmarried; William H. H., married Agnes Horton.

Hamilton Morrison passed his entire life on this farm in the town of Montgomery. When a young man he taught school and after marriage gave his attention to cultivating his broad acres.

He was very successful in his undertakings. He was foremost in founding the Orange County Agricultural Society, of which he was president for many years. He died October 25, 1881.

The family is progressive and one of the most influential in the county. In politics it is democratic, as was also their father.

His son, George H. Morrison, has recently published a complete genealogical chart of the family in America.

GEORGE MOSHIER, retired contractor, was born in Newburgh, N. Y., April 19, 1838. He learned the carpenters' trade and from 1866 to 1907 was engaged in the contracting and building business, having erected many of the most substantial buildings in Newburgh and vicinity.

He was a member of the Board of Water Commissioners from 1884 to 1889. In 1899 he was elected a member of the Board of Supervisors, and has been successively re-elected for five terms, serving two terms as chairman. He is prominently identified with the Masonic fraternity and president of the Masonic Veterans' Association; member of the Newburgh Historical Society and an active member in Trinity Church.

In 1862 he married Miss Caroline Tilton. Their children are Anna, George, Jr., and Mabel. Mr. Moshier's ancestors resided in or near Newburgh many years previous to the Revolution. Two of them were soldiers in the Continental Army, serving with distinction.

EDWARD M. MURTFELDT, born Newburgh, 1853; entered employ of Peck & Van Dalfsen's furniture house in 1869. In 1879 he purchased Joseph H. Powell's undertaking and furniture establishment, which he conducted on the same site until 1895. At present engaged as funeral director at 77 Second street, Newburgh. In 1894 he assisted in organization and became president of the Highland Furniture Mfg. Co.; served a number of years as alderman and president of council and has served as acting mayor; also was a member of the Board of Public Works. He has taken all the chairs in Masonry and has been an officer in Highland Chapter No. 52 and commander of H. R. Commandery No. 35. Mr. Murtfeldt is of German descent; a son of Henry W. and Mary Frances (Worden) Murtfeldt. In 1872 he married Miss Anna A. McCord; six children have been born to them. He is at present the president of the Masonic Veterans' Association, of Newburgh, N. Y., and has held office in the Grand Commandery, State of New York. He is at present the district deputy of the Thirteenth District of the Grand Lodge, a Thirty-second Degree Mason and grand marshal of the Consistory of New York City. He has been regent of Newburgh Council of the Royal Arcanum and its treasurer for a number of years. Member of the City Club.

FRANK D. MYERS, M.D., of Slate Hill, N. Y., is a descendant of one of Orange County's oldest families. He was born in the town of Greenville, N. Y.. where he attended public school. This was supplemented by a course of private tutoring near Newburgh, after which he taught school two years in the town of Minisink. Dr. Myers graduated in medicine from the University of Michigan in 1887, and has since been engaged in practice at Slate Hill. He is a member of the County and State Medical Societies, and the American Medical Association.

He married Miss Margaret Hall, of Ridgebury, and a son, Frank D., was born to them in 1908.

Dr. Myers is a son of Samuel S. and Mary Elizabeth (Elston) Myers. His grandfather was Daniel C. Myers, his great-grandfather Daniel Van Auken Myers, and his great-great-grandfather Daniel, the first of that name in this locality, who participated in the battle of Minisink. The flint lock musket he carried is in the possession of Dr. Myers. The homestead upon which this man settled has remained in the possession of the family and is now owned and occupied by Floyd E. Myers, a brother of the doctor.

GEN. ALFRED NEAFIE--Alfred Neafie was born in Walden, Orange County, N. Y., January 8, 1832, being the son of Cornelius Neafie, a member of one of the old Knickerbocker families, who came to New York in 1637.

Cornelius Neafie built the first cotton mill in Orange County and the second in the State. As a boy Alfred Neafie, fond of hunting and fishing and of an adventurous turn of mind, it is not strange that he should at the age of nineteen, start for the newly discovered gold fields of California.

It was in 1851 that he left in a sailing vessel, the _Grecian,_ for the six months' voyage "'round the Horn."

His first vote was cast in the canyons of the North Yuba in the Sierra Nevada Mountains. During his successful career in California he was a member of the celebrated Vigilance Committee and was one of those who helped to apprehend the famous outlaw "Yankee Sullivan," and was present at the trial and hanging of Juaquin Murat and "Three-Fingered Jack."

Returning home at the death of his father and starting in business in Ellenville, N. Y., yet at the outbreak of the war Mr. Neafie put aside personal interests and went to the front. He was offered the captaincy of the Walden Company of the 124th Regiment, but declined it, as he had already raised nearly two companies of what became the 156th Infantry.

His military record is to be found in brief in the Historical Register and Dictionary of the United States Army, Vol. 1, page 741, as follows:

"Neafie, Alfred, N. Y., N. Y. Capt. 156th N. Y. Inf., 13th Sept., 1862; Lt.-Col., 9th Jan., 1864; Lt.-Col. Vols., 13th March, 1865, for gal. and meritorious services at Battle of Winchester and Fisher Hill, Va., and Brig.-Gen. Vols., 13th March, 1865, for conspicuous gallantry at Winchester, Va., 19th Sept., 1864. Mustered out 23d Oct., 1865."

During the war Gen. Neafie was provost marshal of Alexandria, La., and Baton Rouge.

While at Savannah he held the offices of supervisor of trade, collector of military taxes, relief commissioner and assisted in the repatriation of the South, as by virtue of seniority of rank he was chief of staff of the department.

A few of the brilliant and picturesque events of his military career were:--

After the capture at Washington, Ga., of the archives of the Confederacy, which included records of Generals Beauregard, Polk, Joseph E. Johnston and Albert Sidney Johnston, $300,000,000 of cotton bonds, $760,000 in gold and silver and thirty wagon loads of valuable jewelry and personal articles, General Neafie, with two federal officers and two treasury agents, inventoried and sent to their proper owners, scattered all through the Southern States, all private property, while all public property was turned over to the United States Government. This was done in about two months.

As General Grover's chief of staff, General Neafie received Jefferson Davis when he was captured and delivered him to Lieutenant-Commander (now admiral, retired) Luce, in command of the double-ender _Pontiac,_ in Savannah River.

Jefferson Davis, Jr., a most lovable boy about ten years old, was a guest in the house in Savannah where General Neafie lived, they drove together daily and a great affection sprang up between the two.

His early death of yellow fever in Memphis was a sorrowful event for all who knew him.

General Neafie with General Grover was present at the solemn and thrilling raising of the flag at Fort Sumter, four years to a day from the time it was lowered by Sergeant Hart.

It was taken from the sealed mail bag, where it had been placed by Sergeant Hart, who now released it from its leathern prison, and once more raised to its place of honor.

When this was done it was seen that the flag was pierced by at least thirty shell fragments, and was ragged and torn; not a star had been shot away.

When that fact was disclosed to the men who had been fighting four years to keep the stars of our Union together, the emotion was too great for expression.

But from outside came the noisy welcome from the battered and indented ironclads and monitors, who had been circling around waiting to give tongue with their cannon throats.

Since the close of the war, General Neafie has led a business life of wide and varied interests, with homes in Ellenville and Goshen, N. Y.

MOSES F. NELSON, notary public, real estate and insurance broker of the town of Highlands, Orange County, N. Y., was born at Highland Falls in 1867, and for the past seventeen years has been identified with public affairs of his native place, serving as tax collector, clerk and member of the Board of Education and justice of the peace. He is a son of the late Cornelius Nelson, who for thirty years was postmaster at Highland Falls and who was also engaged in the fire insurance and real estate business, which was conducted under the firm name of Cornelius Nelson & Son, and to which he succeeded.

Socially Mr. Nelson is a member of the Knights of Pythias. He married Miss Mary Adolph in 1893; they have three daughters.

THE NICOLL FAMILY--Within the corporate limits of Washingtonville, N. Y., lies a farm of one hundred and forty-five acres which bears evidence of the supervision of an energetic and capable family. This place is known as the Nicoll homestead, and was occupied for over a quarter of a century by John Nicoll, who died in 1874. As the name indicates he was of Scotch descent. The progenitor of this family in America was Dr. John Nicoll, who emigrated to this country in 1711 and settled in New York. He became one of the leading men of the colony and acquired the ownership of a large amount of property, having among his possessions fourteen thousand, five hundred acres of land in the Minisink Patent. He died in 1743 at the age of sixty-four.

John Nicoll was born in Hackensack, N. J., in 1799, and in early life was engaged in the mercantile business in New York City, whence he removed to Orange County in 1844. By his first marriage to Juliana Thompson, one son, William, was born, who died at the age of twenty-six. The second wife of Mr. Nicoll bore the maiden name of Elizabeth H. White and was born in Blagg's Cove in 1808. She died in 1855. To this union eight children were born, of whom Charles and Elizabeth White (now the wife of Andrew S. Glover) reside in Washingtonville. Another son, Isaac, met death while leading his company in the battle of Gettysburg in 1863. On the soldiers' monument at Salisbury Mills is this inscription: "To the memory of Captain Isaac Nicoll, Company G, 124th N. Y. S. V., and the men of Blooming Grove who fought in the war for the unity of the Republic, 1861-1865."

REV. STANISLAUS J. NOWAK, rector of St. Joseph's Roman Catholic Church, Florida, N. Y. In the year 1893 our Polish neighbors at Florida, N. Y., after mature deliberation and consultation, concluded to have their own church, and the necessary steps were taken to secure the approval of the church authorities for their project. Having demonstrated the feasibility of the idea, and the necessary approval having been obtained, Messrs. John and Anton Dulski, Joseph Andryszak, Joseph Wozniak, Ignatius Brink and John Majorowski were appointed as collectors, and succeeded so well that within two years over two thousand dollars were subscribed.

On July 2, 1895, Rev. Stanislaus J. Nowak was appointed and entered on his work as rector of the new church. Father Nowak is a native of Posen--Germany-Poland--studied at Germany and at Rome and came to this country at the express wish of Archbishop M. A. Corrigan, and finished his theological studies and was ordained priest at the Provincial Seminary at Troy, N. Y., by the Rt. Rev. Bishop Tierney, of Hartford. After spending a short while at Shokan, Ulster County, Father Nowak was appointed as assistant to the Very Rev. Dean Sweeny, of St. Joseph's Church, Kingston, N. Y., and while there Father Nowak received his appointment as rector of the Polish Church. Since coming to Florida, N. Y., Father Nowak has been a successful as well as an indefatigable worker, and under his supervision the church was ready for the dedication in November.

With all the pomp and ceremonial of the Catholic ritual, the new church of the Polish congregation at Florida was dedicated on Sunday, November 10, 1895, by Archbishop Corrigan, to the service of God under the patronage of St. Joseph. The solemn high mass on that date was celebrated by the Very Rev. E. M. Sweeny, of Kingston, N. Y. (with whom Father Nowak lived as assistant before coming to Florida). Father McCorry, of Goshen, acted as deacon, and Father Nowak as sub-deacon, and Father Connolly, the archbishop's secretary, acted as master of ceremonies.

After the gospel had been chanted by the deacon, his grace, the archbishop ascended the steps of the altar and after a few very well chosen words of congratulation to the pastor and people on the happy culmination of their work in offering a church free of debt for the purposes of divine worship, preached an able and scholarly sermon on the holiness of the church, and during his remarks he was listened to with rapt attention, showing that his words had made a very deep impression. The Polish sermon was preached by Rev. Dr. M. Barabasz, of Baltimore, Md.

The rectory was built the same year and occupied in December. St. Joseph's congregation owns its own cemetery, which was blessed in October, 1896, and is located at Union Corner.

In July, 1892, Father Nowak was transferred to New York City, where he organized a new Polish congregation, and established St. Joseph's Home for the Polish Immigrants on Broad street.

Father Michael Slupek was in charge of St. Joseph's Church at Florida for nearly two years, and was succeeded by Rev. Joseph Kloss, who was pastor of St. Joseph's until October, 1902. At that time Father Nowak returned to St. Joseph's, and under his management the church is freed from debt again.

The church will be enlarged this year, as it is too small for the congregation. There are thirteen hundred Polish people in Florida and vicinity. The Poles of Florida are showing a desire and aptness to develop into a most industrious and desirable class of citizens.

ARTHUR E. O'CONNOR was born March 10, 1867, at Brooklyn, N. Y. He is a son of John S. and Hanna (Marrett) O'Connor. To this union seven children, one son and six daughters, were born. There are five living: Anna, wife of Timothy O'Connell, of Honesdale, Pa.; Mary, wife of Thomas Cusick, of Goshen, N. Y., and two daughters residing at home and two are dead. The subject of our sketch attended the public school at White Mills, Pa. His father was identified with C. Dorfinger for twenty-five years at White Mills, Pa., and operated a cut glass factory at Hawley, Pa. Arthur started the cut glass factory at Goshen in 1900, which has enjoyed a prosperous business since. Mr. O'Connor's father was the oldest practical cut glass man in the world, and was sergeant in the 69th Regiment, New York Volunteer Infantry, and his grandfather, Neal O'Connor, was a captain of the New Orleans Rangers in the Mexican War. Arthur married Catherine Langan, of Hawley, Pa., February 20, 1888, and to this union were born three sons and one daughter, Mary, who holds the position of bookkeeper at the Goshen factory. John graduated in 1907 at Hawley, Pa., and is now foreman at the Goshen factory. William and Arthur are attending school at Goshen. Mr. O'Connor employs forty men at his factory.

HON. BENJAMIN B. ODELL--In reviewing the life of this venerable and distinguished citizen of Newburgh, a few words regarding his ancestry will not be amiss. The family is of French and English descent, but has been represented in America for many generations. His grandfather, William Odell, was born in New York City, and there for some years he was proprietor of the Bull's Head Tavern. In 1835 he moved to Orleans County, N. Y., where he bought a tract of land and with the assistance of his two sons improved a valuable farm. His death occurred there at the age of more than ninety years.

Isaac Odell, the father of our subject, was born in Tarrytown, Westchester County, N. Y., and reared in New York City, whence, about 1820, he came to Orange County, settling on the DeWitt Clinton farm at Little Britain, where he remained until 1830, when he removed to Newburgh and was employed in the freighting business with the firm of Powell, Wardrop & Johnson, with whom he remained until his retirement from business. He died at the age of sixty-five. His wife, Mary A., was also a native of Westchester County. She died in New York City in her eighty-first year. Their family consisted of two sons and two daughters, of whom Benjamin B. was the second in order of birth. He was born in the Governor Clinton homestead, New Windsor town, September 10, 1825, and reared in Newburgh, where he attended the public schools. In 1843 he entered the employ of B. W. Van Nort, in the restaurant and hotel business where he remained until 1847, when he embarked in business for himself, opening a restaurant in Third street. Twenty years later he sold and abandoned the business permanently.

Mr. Odell foresaw a promising field in the ice business, and in 1863 purchased from James R. Dixon the ice property now known as Muchattoes Lake, and conducted the business personally until 1886, when he organized the Muchattoes Lake Ice Company, of which he has since remained president.

Mr. Odell was one of the organizers of the Columbus Trust Company in 1892, and was the first president, but resigned after one year in office. He is president of the Central-Hudson Steamboat Company and a director in the Orange County Traction Company.

For over sixty years Mr. Odell has been prominently identified with the administration of public affairs of Newburgh and Orange County. In 1863 he was trustee of the village; 1865, alderman from the Third ward; 1879, supervisor of the town of New Windsor; 1880 to 1883, sheriff of Orange County. In 1884 he was elected mayor of Newburgh, continuing in that office until 1890, when he refused to be a candidate for another term. In 1894, however, he was again nominated and reelected mayor, serving until 1900. During the twelve years of his administration the city witnessed the creation of many public improvements and an era of great progress and increase in population.

Amid the multiplicity of his public and private affairs, Mr. Odell has never allowed his religious duties to be neglected, in the American Reformed Church he has been an official, serving at different times as elder and deacon. In 1850 he married Miss Ophelia, daughter of Hiram Bookstaver, of the town of Montgomery. Eleven children were born to them, of whom four are living: Benjamin B., Jr., Governor of New York State (1900 to 1904); Hiram B., postmaster of Newburgh; Clara, who resides with her father, and George C. D., professor in Columbia University, New York City.

By his energy and resolute character, coupled with a genial disposition, Mr. Odell has not only advanced his own success, but has given an impetus to the growth and prosperity of Newburgh by his progressive spirit and enterprise.

HIRAM B. ODELL, postmaster, Newburgh, N. Y., is the son of Hon. Benjamin B. and Ophelia (Bookstaver) Odell, and was born August 21, 1856. After finishing his studies he engaged with his father in the conduct of a large ice business. In 1886 he was elected a director and superintendent of the Muchattoes Lake Ice Co. In 1891 he was appointed superintendent of the Newburgh Electric Light, Heat and Power Co. From 1880 to 1882 he was under sheriff of the county, in charge of the Goshen court-house, his father then being sheriff. He received his present appointment March 1, 1900, and was reappointed by President Roosevelt in 1904 and again in 1908. Mr. Odell married Miss Edith Booth, of Kingston.

JAMES ALSOP OGDEN, only son of William L. and Louise Baker Ogden, was born in the town of Mount Hope May 28, 1861. His entire home life has been in Warwick, to which his father moved when the boy was only nine months old. He died December 5, 1905.

Mr. Ogden was educated in Warwick Institute and at Hartwell's Private School in Unionville. He married Miss Virginia R. Geraghty, of Warwick, in 1889, and is survived by her and one daughter, Mary, who is a graduate of the Warwick high school; also by two sisters, Alveretta, wife of Maurice Pelton, and Mary, wife of Dr. S. E. Holly. In 1889 he and his brother-in-law, Mr. Pelton, succeeded his father in the hardware business with the firm name of Ogden & Pelton. His father died in 1902. James Ogden was a member of the Warwick band for many years. He was one of the founders of the Warwick Athletic Association, and a member of the Warwick Club, in which last he served as trustee and treasurer. He was one of the charter members of the Warwick Gun Club, and a director in the First National Bank.

JOSHUA OLDROYD was born in Yorkshire, England, January 29, 1838. His early education was acquired while working in the woolen mills of that place, attending school one-half day and working the other half. He also attended night school for several years. His trade was that of a hand loom weaver. When eighteen years of age he came to America, and was employed in the woolen mills at Mechanicstown, Orange County, from 1856 to 1858. The following four years he was in charge of the woolen mills at Millow, Wawayanda township. He was later employed in mills at Newtown, Connecticut, and afterward owned woolen mills at East Granby, Conn. In 1875 he removed to Newburgh and took charge of a horse blanket printing machine manufactory, remaining there only a few months, when he returned to Mechanicstown, and operated woolen mills there for five years. He then conducted a felt boot manufactory at Howells for a period of twenty-one years. He sold his business at Howells, and went to Philadelphia and took the management of the Watkinson Felt Boot Factory Co., remaining there two years. He was obliged to remove back to Middletown owing to ill health, where he has since resided in retirement. He married Miss Hanna Newsome, daughter of James Newsome, of Mechanicstown, March 6, 1861. One child was born to this union, who died in infancy. In the fall of 1905 his townsmen of the Third ward nominated him for alderman. He was victorious and has since held the office. He was a delegate to the Republican state convention eight years. He attends the Episcopal Church and is a member of Hoffman Lodge, No. 412, F. and A. M., of Middletown, N. Y.

WILLIAM H. O'NEAL was born at Goshen, Orange County, N. Y., March 3, 1836. He acquired his education at various district schools in the county. At the age of sixteen years Mr. O'Neal began learning the painting and decorating trade. He married Sarah E. Stone, of Denton, N. Y., December 31, 1855. They had three children, Sarah Louise, Henry Lincoln and Charles Francis. His wife died February 9, 1881. He afterward married Lydia F. Hall of Goshen, N. Y., July 27, 1882. She died March 1, 1892.

Mr. O'Neal worked at his trade in New York City twenty years, going there in 1856. He worked at the navy yard for eleven years. In politics he is a Republican. He is a member of Goshen Lodge, No. 365, F. and A. M., and served as master of lodge two years. At the breaking out of the Civil War Mr. O'Neal enlisted in the 84th Regiment, entering as private and later being promoted to captain. He served in the defense of Washington and was honorably discharged. In 1863 he re-enlisted and served for some time in the Shenandoah Valley.

HON. JOHN ORR, former assemblyman from the first district of Orange County, was born in Cornwall, N. Y., March 5, 1859. He is a son of William and Margaret (Elliott) Orr, and is engaged in the flour and coal business at Orr's Mills, which is now one of the industrial landmarks of the town of Cornwall. Mr. Orr was educated at public and private schools, finishing with a three-year course at Leipsic, Germany. On his return home he became a member of the firm of William Orr & Sons, dealers in flour, feed and coal.

Politically Mr. Orr is a Republican, and has taken an active part in promoting the welfare of his party, not only in his native town but throughout the county. In addition to representing this district in the state legislature for four years, he was elected a member of the board of supervisors, where he served nine years. He has held public office in the town of Cornwall for a period of twenty years. Mr. Orr is particularly well posted on questions of taxation and parliamentary usage, and in close touch with the farming community, recognizing their needs and desires. He enjoys the reputation of being a pleasant after-dinner speaker.

Mr. Orr is prominently identified with various fraternal organizations, including Free Masonry. In August, 1900, he was elected great sachem of the Improved Order of Red Men, state of New York, and has also held the office of president of the Association of Tribes of the Hudson Valley.

In 1888 Mr. Orr was united in marriage with Miss Angelique Veith, of New York City. They are the parents of two children, Alice and Walter.

HERMAN OTTO was born in Saxon, Germany, February 22, 1848. He came to America in 1869 and married Emma Wolf, of New Britain, Conn. Nine children were born to this union: One daughter died at the age of seventeen years; Emma, wife of Ira Smith, of Monroe, N. Y.; Herman, who resides in New York City; Frank, of Windham, Ohio; Charles, of Monroe, N. Y.; Annie Mae, of New York City; Arlyne Elsie, Harry and Paul, residing at home.

Mr. Otto is a member of Luther Lodge, I. O. O. F., of Middletown, and of the Cigar Makers' Union of Middletown. His estate, comprising one hundred and eighteen acres, is under substantial improvement. Mr. Otto does not depend entirely on the products of his farm, for he has a well established cigar manufacturing business, which he has carried on successfully for many years. In politics he is a Republican and takes an active interest in local affairs.

GEORGE A. OWEN, dealer in general merchandise at Washingtonville, N. Y., was born in that village in 1842, a son of Hon. Albert G. and Phoebe M. (Breed) Owen. His father was also a merchant here, and actively identified with public affairs in Orange County. He was one of a committee of three to organize the famous 124th Regiment. He served several terms as supervisor of the town of Blooming Grove, and was elected a member of the state assembly in 1849-1850. In 1890 Mr. George Owen succeeded to a business that was established in 1812 by Samuel Moffatt. The firm name was subsequently known as Samuel Moffatt & Son, and David H. Moffatt, who disposed of it in 1832. Various merchants conducted the store previous to Mr. Owen, who has enlarged the original building and erected the adjoining post office. In 1905 his son, Walter D., became a partner. Mr. Owen is a trustee of the Moffatt Library and Presbyterian Church. He is also a charter member of the fire company. In 1876 he married Miss Isabelle Board and six children have been born to them.

OSCAR E. OWEN was born February 28, 1845, at Ridgebury, N. Y. His early education was acquired at the old Wallkill Academy. After finishing school he learned the monumental work and he was identified in that business until 1902, when he retired. He married Emily F. Mapledoram, of Monticello, Sullivan County, N. Y., July 28, 1868. One son was born of this union, Clifford A., born June 7, 1872. He is teller in the First National Bank of Middletown. Mr. Owen is a Republican and has served the city two terms as alderman. He is a member of the Universalist Church. His father, John C. Owen, was born in the town of Minisink, Orange County, N. Y. He was born July 16, 1806, and died at his daughter's home, Mrs. W. W. Hartford, in Middletown. He was a son of Jonathan and Elizabeth (Carpenter) Owen, and was brought up on the farm. At the age of twenty-one he entered the mercantile business at Huguenot, removing to Smith's Corners after two years. He married Adeline, daughter of Moses Durland, February 16, 1833. In 1837 he moved to Ridgebury and ran a general store. In 1847 he moved to his farm left him by his uncle, Jesse Parshall, Remaining on the farm a few years, he removed to Ridgebury, where he started a marble yard, and he continued in that business until 1866 in Ridgebury and Middletown. Then he engaged in the grocery business in Middletown, which he continued for some years, finally selling out to his son-in-law, W. W. Hartford. He afterward purchased a residence at 177 North street and retired from active business, remaining in the home until the death of his wife, February 16, 1892, the fifty-ninth anniversary of their marriage. He took an active interest in church work and was a Republican in politics.

ZAEL PADDLEFORD, merchant, of Monroe, N. Y., was born in Broome County, N. Y., in 1866. He came to Monroe in 1891 as foreman of the creamery, occupying that position about four years. In 1894 he established his present store, and a year later formed a partnership with George R. Conklin, under the firm name of Paddleford & Company. Mr. Paddleford has served six years as supervisor of the town and is now president of the village. He is secretary of the Orange and Rockland Electric Company. Socially Mr. Paddleford is identified with the Masonic fraternity. He married Miss Isabella S. Kinney, of Iowa, and their son, Bruce K., is attending school in New York City.

THE PALATINE HOTEL, H. N. and F. N. Bain, proprietors. The appointments, accommodations and interior aspect of the Palatine are ideal. It is the largest hotel in Orange County and conveniently located in the heart of the city of Newburgh. The house contains one hundred and sixteen rooms, about one-half of which are so arranged that they may be used separately or en suite for families. The house, was established in 1893 and is under the personal supervision of Mr. F. N. Bain, who conducts it in accordance with the most modern methods.

WILLIAM A. PARSHALL is a scion of an old and distinguished Orange County family. Jonathan Parshall, his great great grandfather, moved to Little Britain in the town of New Windsor, from Long Island, in 1737. His son David fought for American freedom in the Revolutionary War. Mr. Parshall's father, Caleb Parshall, was born on the old homestead, but when he reached man's estate he moved to the farm in Walden, where William A. was born, December 9, 1865.

In 1870 the family moved to Port Jervis, and the boy was sent to the public schools, graduating from the high school in the class of 1883. The following year he entered Yale and was graduated in 1888. During his senior year he was awarded the medal by the Cohden Club of London, England, for work in political economy. Mr. Parshall went to the Albany Law School and completed the course in 1889. Returning to Port Jervis, he entered the law office of Hon. Lewis E. Carr and in May, 1890, was admitted to the bar. The following October, he entered into partnership with Hon. O. P. Howell and R. Ed. Schofield, and the firm was known as Howell, Parshall & Schofield. On September 1, 1893, he withdrew from the firm and has since been successfully engaged in the practice of law in an office of his own. He has been a director of the National Bank for fourteen years, is a director of the Port Jervis Telephone Company, the Co-Operative Loan and Savings Society, Orange County Building and Loan Association, No. 2, and is an auditor of Port Jervis Building and Loan Association. He has also taken an active interest in politics, and when a young lawyer served the town of Deer Park in the office of town clerk. At present he is the attorney for the city of Port Jervis, and for twelve terms was corporation counsel for the village of Port Jervis. In 1903 Mr. Parshall was elected a member of the board of education and since 1904 has been its president. For the past seventeen years he was a trustee of the Presbyterian Church. On June 1, 1903, Mr. Parshall was united in marriage with Miss Christine Senger, daughter of Lewis C. and Florence Corwin Senger. They have three children.

ARTHUR PATCHETT, who for over twenty years was prominently identified with business and social affairs of Orange County, was born in England in 1847 and died at Montgomery, N. Y.. November 30, 1901. Mr. Patchett came to America in 1872, locating at Philadelphia, where he followed the business of worsted manufacturer. In 1880 he removed to Montgomery and with the late William Crabtree established the yarn plant which soon became one of the important industries of the county. Mr. Patchett was a member of the board of water works commissioners and exerted a wide influence in the affairs of his adopted village. He was a member of Walden Lodge, F. and A. M., Royal Arch Masons, Knights Templar and Mecca Shrine. In 1874 he married Miss Alice M. Hayes, of Philadelphia. Two sons and a daughter were born to them: Emma M., who resides in Montgomery; Joseph E. and Arthur Allan are engaged in business at Kaiser, W. Va.

FRANK PATTERSON, supervisor of the town of Deer Park, who, with his brother, George H., conducts a farm of one hundred acres and a commodious summer boarding house known as "Eddy Farm," at Sparrowbush, was born there in 1865, a son of J. R. and Mary E. (Doty) Patterson. Since finishing his studies at the public schools he has been engaged in the cultivation of the homestead farm. Politically Mr. Patterson is a democrat and has always taken an active interest in the welfare of his party. He has served as highway commissioner and in 1907 was elected a member of the board of supervisors.

Mr. Patterson married Miss Sarah Chambers and they are the parents of three sons and two daughters: Ruth E., John R., Edward, Dudley and Frances.

WILLIAM M. PATTON (deceased) was born in the town of New Windsor, Orange County, N. Y., May 30, 1834. He was for many years engaged as a farmer and cattle dealer, in which he was very successful. In 1895 he took up his residence in Newburgh, the details of his cattle business being attended to by his only son, John R. Patton, who resides on the Patton homestead, near Washington Lake. Mr. Patten was for years a member of the board of directors of the Columbus Trust Co., and a member of its finance committee. He was a careful man in financial affairs and to him as one of its officers is due much of the prosperity of the company.

Mr. Patton's first wife was Miss Robinson; she was the mother of John R. Patton, who died many years ago. His second wife was formerly Miss Anna F. Johnston, a daughter of the late Beverly K. Johnston, a prominent business man of East Coldenham.

Mr. Patton died April 16, 1907, and is buried in the Wallkill Valley cemetery, Walden, N. Y.

ALBERT S. PEIRCE, manufacturer, Newburgh. Born Orange County, March, 1860. Graduated from Newburgh Academy and was then engaged in mercantile business in New York City for four years. In 1885 he returned to Newburgh and became associated with Coldwell, Wilcox & Co., iron founders and machinists. May, 1890, the firm was incorporated as Coldwell-Wilcox & Co., of which Mr. Peirce has since been treasurer. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity and of the City Club. In 1885 he married Edith, daughter of the late Dr. Heard, ex-president of the board of health. The Peirce ancestry dates back to the Commander of the Mayflower.

HENRY PELTON came to Warwick from Darien, Conn., in 1805. He was a small boy at the time, and settled with his father on a farm just west of the village. He was always looked upon as one of the most public spirited citizens, foremost in every movement for the good of the community, and for the support of his church. Many writings of local historical interest, left by him, show him to have been possessed of a mind capable of clear thinking, and the ability to express himself in good English. He is remembered as having been one of the pioneers in the temperance movement in the middle of the last century. He died in 1873, at the age of eighty-two.

SAMUEL PELTON, son of Henry Pelton, spent his life as a farmer, residing for over fifty years on the farm now owned by his son, and dying in 1906, nearly eighty-eight years of age. Of quiet, gentle disposition, he never aspired to public prominence, yet was ever ready to help in any public-spirited undertaking. He served a term as president of Warwick Institute and was one of the founders and for many years a trustee of the Warwick Savings Bank.

HENRY PELTON, son of Samuel Pelton, resides on the farm formerly owned by his father. He devotes most of his time to land surveying and local engineering work. He succeeded the late G. W. Sayer as president of the Warwick Valley Farmers' Milk Association, and held that office until the sale and dissolution of the company in 1907. He is also one of the trustees of the Warwick Savings Bank and a director of the Warwick Building Association.

WILLIAM W. PELTON was born December 15, 1837, and died November 26, 1907, at his home near Warwick, N. Y. His early education was acquired at the district school, and the Warwick Institute, when it was a private school. He afterward became a teacher. He was a member of the board of education when the Warwick Institute was made a free school in 1867. He was engaged in business in Warwick and New York City for a time. In December, 1867, he married Almeda Knapp, daughter of the late John Knapp, of Sugar Loaf, Orange County, who survives him. To this union were born four children, John, Grace, wife of Frank Holbert of New York; Almeda, and Geraldine, wife of Selah Durland; also two grandsons and two granddaughters. Mr. Pelton was the last of his father's family. His brother, James, died in 1856, and Richard in 1898.

EDGAR PENNEY, vice-president and general manager of the Newburgh Ice Machine and Engine Co., is a native of Orange County, and has been identified with this company since 1895. Before purchasing the Newburgh plant he was for twelve years managing director and mechanical engineer for the Frick Company, Waynesboro, Pa., which built his ice machine, known as the "Frick"' or "Eclipse." Mr. Penney invented this machine and retains full privilege of manufacture and sale under his patents. Among the products of the present concern are the Corliss steam engines, steam boilers, iron and brass castings, etc. A force of two hundred and fifty men are employed. The main buildings are 200 by 400 feet in dimensions and were built in 1883. In 1907 a large addition was erected.

WILLIAM J. PENOYER began life in Columbia County, N. Y., and after leaving the district school at the age of fifteen, he entered a general store and remained there for ten years. When twenty-six years of age he went to Albany, N. Y., and engaged in the grain business, which he continued until appointed harbor master by Governor Hoffman. He was supervisor several years and a director of two banks. He was a leading spirit in many improvements in his native county. In politics he was a Democrat.

Mr. Penoyer in 1883 married Anna M. Roe, of Chester, Orange County, and they had one daughter, Fannie, born 1886. He died in January, 1904.

MILLS PEPPER, son of Elijah and Catura (Crowell) Pepper, is a prosperous farmer in the town of Montgomery. The farm, which comprises one hundred and forty acres, was purchased by his father, who conducted it over sixty years. Mills Pepper, who resides at the homestead with his sister, has conducted it ten years. He is a member of Little Britain Grange and takes an active interest in public affairs of this locality.

GEORGE W. PETERS (deceased), a prominent business man of Newburgh, was born in Poughkeepsie in 1826, a son of Charles and Phoebe (Dean) Peters. At the age of sixteen he engaged with his father in the meat business in New York City, and in 1847 became a member of the firm of Charles Peters & Son, which continued until 1863, when he sold the business and moved to Newburgh, where he engaged in farming for two and a half years. In 1869 he opened a meat market at 113 Water street, which he conducted with his sons until 1882, when he retired.

Mr. Peters was actively identified with public affairs in Newburgh. Under Mayor Doyle he was superintendent of streets for two terms. For many years he was president of the Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Animals; also president of the Horse Thief Protective Society. He joined the Masonic fraternity in 1852, and was a member of the board of trustees of the Unitarian Church. He died in 1907.

ALBERT H. F. PHILLIPS was born at Oswego, N. Y., in 1866. His education was acquired at Oswego and the old Middletown Academy, graduating from the latter in 1880. His parents were John G. and Mary (Fisher) Phillips. Mr. Phillips has been identified with the New York, Ontario & Western Railroad as foreman for a period of fourteen years. In 1904 he assumed the position of master painter of the O. & W. shops, which position he still holds. He was married to Elizabeth Anna Heckroth, of Delaware County, N. Y., October 18, 1888. Their one child, Clara, was born April 8, 1893. In politics Mr. Phillips is a Republican. He has served as inspector of elections at various times and has been a delegate to assembly and city conventions. Socially he is a member of Hoffman Lodge, No. 412, F. and A. M., Lancelot Lodge, K. of P., and Wallkill Council, Jr. O. U. A. M., of Middletown. He is a member of the North Congregational Church and served as deacon and treasurer for the past seventeen years.

JOHN EVERTSON PHILLIPS, of Goshen, N. Y., son of William and Sarah E. Phillips, was born in Phillipsburgh, March 20, 1805. Graduated from Williams College in 1825. He studied law with Henry G. Wilner and after his admission to the bar in 1828 was associated with him in his profession until his death, December 17, 1841. He was married March 1, 1832, to Elizabeth T. Wisner, daughter of his partner, Henry G. Wisner. There were three daughters born of this union. Miss Harriet H. is still residing at the home which has been, occupied by the family since 1836.

JOHN F. PIERCE, supervisor of the town of Highlands, was born at Fishkill Landing, N. Y., March 7, 1844. He attended school at Wappingers Falls, and during the Civil War served on the schooner Norma, carrying ammunition to the various ports. He was subsequently at West Point eight years in the butcher business, and removed to Highland Falls in 1873, where he continued his meat market and in later years engaged in the livery business.

Politically Mr. Pierce is a Republican and has long been identified with public affairs of the town and village. In 1889 he was elected assessor, serving continuously until the fall of 1907, when he resigned to fill the office of supervisor. Mr. Pierce has also served about twelve years as school trustee.

GEORGE PIERSON, who has resided on his present estate for about sixty years, in the town of Hamptonburgh, is well known in Orange County. He came from one of the oldest and most respected families of the state. His great-grandfather, Silas Pierson, who came to this county from Long Island about 1750, and settled on the old Pierson farm in Hamptonburgh, was the great-grandson of John Pierson, who emigrated from England about 1650 and settled at South Hampton, Long Island, where he died in 1669.

George Pierson was born January 1, 1824, and is the son of Henry Pierson, also a native of the same place. His mother was Miss Mary Shaw, a native of Orange County, and four of her eight children grew to manhood and womanhood. Of these George was the eldest. Mr. Pierson's father died in 1866 and his mother in 1853. George Pierson obtained his early education at the district school and afterward became a student of the Amherst Academy, at Amherst, Mass. He married Miss Mary E. Thompson, daughter of Oliver Thompson, December 20, 1848. Their union resulted in the birth of four children. In 1849 Mr. Pierson moved to his present farm where he has resided over fifty years. He is interested in all public affairs and has held the office of justice of the peace since 1869, having served continuously with the exception of two years. He served as assessor from 1884 to 1899. He is a member of Goshen Lodge, No. 365, F. and A. M. He was a trustee of the Hamptonburgh Presbyterian Church for thirty-nine years. At the time of Henry Clay's nomination for president, in 1844, Mr. Pierson was not quite of age, but he attended the next town meeting and has been in attendance ever since with one exception, in 1888. which was the only time he failed, and has attended every general election since he was of age. He was a member of the old Campbell Hall Grange, now out of existence. Mr. Pierson has a well stocked dairy farm and is new retired.

JOHN PIERSON, of the town of Mount Hope, was born on the homestead farm, near Otisville, Orange County, N. Y., in 1834. His father was Silas G. and mother Salome B. (Cook) Pierson. Four children were born of this union. Two died in infancy. Harriet N., wife of Alsop W. Dodge, of Otisville, died July 20, 1897. John Pierson acquired his early education at the district school in his locality and at the public school at Middletown. He has resided on his present farm for a period of over seventy years. He is a Republican in politics and takes an active part in local affairs. He has been assessor for twenty years, has served as inspector of election for the town of Mount Hope about fifteen years, is a member of the Otisville Presbyterian Church and the Otisville Grange. His children are Silas G. and John M., of Denver, Colo.; Frank and Cora, at home; Helen G., wife of Ebenezer Bull; Saloma C., of Philadelphia, and Susan C, a teacher at Amityville, Long Island.

GEORGE A. POST, a successful contractor and builder, of Port Jervis, N. Y., was born at Saugerties, Ulster County, N. Y., and there learned his trade of carpenter. In 1889 he engaged in the contracting business at Port Jervis, and since that time has erected many of that city's prominent business blocks and residences. Mr. Post is a member of the Elks, and Confidence Lodge, No. 5, I. O. O. F., of Saugerties. He has served as trustee of the village and was one of the first aldermen when Port Jervis became a city. He married Hannah J. Bross, of Ten Mile River, Sullivan County, and they have four children: Fannie E., who married Charles Clark; George H., a mail carrier, married Tillie Headley; Minnie, residing at home, and Lillie, a school teacher at Westbrookville, this county.

A. E. POWERS, manager of the Port Jervis plant of Swift & Co., is a native of Charleston, N. H., and has occupied this responsible position for a period of eleven years. Mr. Powers is prominent in business and social circles and is identified with the Masonic fraternity, the Elks and Odd Fellows.

JAMES J. PROCTOR was born September 1, 1878, at Greycourt, Orange County, N. Y. He acquired his early education in the schools of Orange County and at an early age he became associated with his father, John R. Proctor, in the management of the hotel at Greycourt. His father was a charter member of the Walton Hose Company, of Chester, N. Y., and a respected and energetic business man. James was married June 12, 1906, to Mary Gardner, of Highland Falls, N. Y. Mr. Proctor has been first assistant foreman of the Walton Hose Company, of Chester, for over four years, and has been a member ten years. His brother, Henry J., was born May 27, 1875, and is identified with him in the hotel business at Greycourt. Their father died January 29, 1904.

CHARLES PURDY was born March 15, 1842, in Sullivan County, near New Vernon, N. Y. His parents were Ebenezer and Hettie (Warner) Purdy. There were nine children in the parents' family, of whom six are still living. Charles attended the district schools in Sullivan County, after which he worked at farming until 1864. He then engaged with the Erie Railroad as brakeman and later had charge of a construction and switch engine for some time.

He married Jessie A. Wardrop, of Goshen, N. Y., October 18, 1876. Mr. Purdy is now baggage master at the Erie and has served since 1883. His wife, who died December 22, 1905, was an active member of the First Presbyterian Church of Middletown.

JOHN H. QUAID, who conducts a wholesale and retail grocery store in Water street, Newburgh, succeeded to the business that was established in 1834 by his father, John Quaid, a native of Limerick County, Ireland, who came to Newburgh when a young man and began business in Oldtown at the junction of what is now Liberty street and Gidney avenue, where he remained until 1850, when he removed to the present location, 136 Water street. In 1857 his eldest son, William, became a partner and the firm was changed to John Quaid & Son. In 1871 John H. purchased his father's interest and the firm of William Quaid & Brother was formed, continuing until 1881, when William retired and John H. has since continued the business. Mr. Quaid has acquired much valuable real estate in Newburgh.

The parents of their mother, whose maiden name was McGathern, settled on a farm m the town of Blooming Grove in 1807. It is said of their grandmother that she was awarded the first premium for butter making for many years by the Agricultural Society.

Mr. John H. Quaid married Margaret Lord Fancher, daughter of Lewis Fancher, of Cornwall. She was a Daughter of the Revolution and at the time of her death in 1896 was president of St. Luke's Hospital, of which her husband was a trustee. Mr. Quaid is a member of the City Club, Newburgh Historical Society, and with his brother, William, a vestryman of St. Paul's Church.

WILLIAM B. RAMAGE was born in Branchville, Sussex County, N. J., January 16, 1858, and was educated in the Branchville and Morristown schools and the S. S. Seward Institute, of Florida, Orange County. In 1866 he learned the trade of carriage painting with Abraham Watts, of Florida, worked for him three years, and in 1871 engaged in business for himself in Florida, where he has continued during the thirty-six years intervening. Being a zealous Republican and an active political worker, he has held office for the past twelve years, and is now overseer of the poor and constable. He is a member of Wawayanda Lodge, No. 34, I. O. O. F., and of Warwick Lodge, No. 544, F. and A. M. He married May Jane Givens, of Florida, June 3, 1870. They have had ten children, only four of whom are living. Hattie, wife of Charles Hall, of Paterson, N. J.; Frank P., at home; Jessie, wife of M. Barry, of Florida, and Leon, at home. The mother is an earnest and active Methodist.

Mr. Ramage's father came to this country from England when he was ten years of age, went to Sussex County, N. J., and has resided there since. His wife's name was Elizabeth and they were the parents of fourteen children.

HOMER RAMSDELL, for a century the foremost citizen of Newburgh, N. Y., was born at Warren, Mass., August 12. 1810. His father was Joseph Ramsdell, the fourth of that name in descent from Joseph and Martha (Bowker) Ramsdell, who emigrated from England to Plymouth, Mass. in 1643. His mother was Ruth Stockbridge, of Hanover, Mass., a descendant of John Stockbridge, who came from England in 1638. They were married at Hanover February 3, 1800, and moved to Warren, where the following children were born: Joseph, Mary and Homer. In 1829 Homer went to New York City, where he was employed in dry goods houses. Three years later he began business there under the firm name of Ramsdell & Brown, dealers in silks and fancy white goods. He continued this mercantile career until 1840, when he took up his permanent residence in Newburgh, superintending the various interests of Mr. Thomas Powell, who was engaged in shipping and banking business here. In 1844 Mr. Ramsdell became a member of the firm of Thomas Powell & Co., and thenceforth until Mr. Powell's death in 1856 he was largely the administrator of Mr. Powell's affairs. By purchase and consolidation Mr. Ramsdell added other forwarding lines to his enterprises and soon stood at the head of the transportation business on the Hudson. Details of Mr. Ramsdell's connection with the Erie Railroad appear elsewhere. In 1845 he was elected a member of the board of directors of this corporation and in 1853 was chosen president of the company, resigning the office in July, 1857. He was intimately identified with the various local institutions of Newburgh and a prompt contributor to all progressive and elevating movements of his day.

Mr. Ramsdell was married June 16, 1835, to Frances E. L., daughter of Thomas Powell, of Newburgh, and the following children survive: Frances J., widow of Major George W. Rains; James A. P., H. Powell and Homer Stockbridge.

WILLIAM CHESTER RAMSDELL, the subject of this sketch, was born in the town of Greenville, Greene County, N. Y., December 29, 1858. His father was Luman S. Ramsdell, a nephew of Luman Ramsdell, of Norton Hill, who was connected with the State Agricultural Society and has had much to do with the agricultural interests of the state and also with the co-operative or mutual insurance companies, he having established practically the first mutual insurance company in the state of New York.

The mother of William C. Ramsdell was Laura Ann Gedney before her marriage, and a direct descendant from an officer of the Revolutionary army.

When about seven years old the parents of William C. Ramsdell moved to Albany County, where his life was spent upon a farm until after he was of age. He attended the country schools and the academy which was established at South Westerlo. Later he attended Starkey Seminary and after teaching in the country schools for a few years he took the three-year normal course at Antioch College, Yellow Springs, Ohio, the institution made famous by Horace Mann, who was its first president. After teaching a year or two in the public schools a course was taken with the Albany Business College and a year spent as teacher of commercial subjects in the high school at Attica, Indiana, after which Mr. Ramsdell entered the regular business college work with the Goldev College at Wilmington, Delaware.

At the close of the year's work the subject of this sketch was married to Miss Elizabeth C. Van Trump, of Wilmington, Delaware. The next four years were spent with the Drake Business School at Jersey City, N. J.

In 1895 Mr. Ramsdell opened the Ramsdell School in Middletown, N. Y., and for the last twelve years has conducted the school on North street. The school has continued to grow and has attained an excellent reputation in Orange County and vicinity for thorough and efficient work.

JAMES RAZEY, who resides near Florida, Orange County, is one of the representative agriculturists of that section. He was born on a farm near Harnell, Chemung County, N. Y., February 16, 1851. His education was acquired at the district school and Alfred University. He removed to Elmira, where he was engaged in art work for a period of ten years. From Elmira he removed to Chester, N. Y., and purchased the "Broadview" farm, which he successfully conducted for ten years. He built the unique Razey cottage at Chester, which is one of the artistic houses in the county. His father died August 6, 1864, of yellow fever. His mother's name was Abigail Withey. There were four children in his parents' family. Our subject married Susan, daughter of David R. and Anna Feagles. Their three children are Ethel Denton, aged twenty-three years; Danforth, aged twenty years, and James Lester, aged seventeen years. Mr. Razey married for his second wife Mrs. Phoebe J. Smith, of Florida, October 16, 1906. He occupies a dairy farm of one hundred and sixty acres.

Mr. Razey is a member of the Presbyterian Church of Chester and in politics is a republican.

CHARLES IRA REDFIELD, M. D., was born in the town of Wallkill, Orange County, January 31, 1873. He is a son of Foster C., died February 6, 1875, and Sarah Louise (Fanning) Redfield, still living. The subject of this sketch attained his early education at the Wallkill Academy and graduated in 1891. He also attended the medical department of the University of Pennsylvania of 1891-4, graduating June 7, 1894. In the fall of 1894 he attended the Presbyterian Hospital outpatient department of Philadelphia, Pa., until February, 1895. In the spring of 1895 he opened an office in Middletown. He is now visiting physician of the Thrall Hospital. He has served as secretary of the New York State Medical Association 1904-5. Secretary Orange County Medical Association 1901-4, and was president Orange County Medical Society during 1905. He is a charter member of the B. C. Hirst Obstetrical Society of Philadelphia, Pa. He is a member of Hoffman Lodge, No. 412, F. and A. M.; Midland Chapter, R. A. M., No. 240, and Cypress Commandery, No. 67. He was one of the organizers of the physicians' club of Middletown; a member of Middletown University Club, National Geographic Society, American Society of Sanitary and Moral Prophylaxis, and a member of the board of education. He was health officer in 1898 and is a member and a trustee of the Second Presbyterian Church. Dr. Redfield married Miss Ira Anna Louise Barker, of Roxbury, Mass., October 20, 1897.

GEORGE W. REED was born July, 1842, at South Centreville, in what was then the town of Minisink, but now in the town of Wawayanda, Orange County. Born of Scotch parentage he was reared on the homestead farm and received a common school education. At the opening of the war he enlisted in the Union Army, October, 1861, as a member of Company C, First New York Mounted Rifles. He was sent with his company to Virginia, participating in the battle of Petersburg and other engagements of the war. He was mustered out at Albany as corporal in December, 1865, having served more than four years. After the war he returned to Middletown and worked at the carpenter's trade, and has been identified with building and contracting business there for many years. He is a charter member of Captain William A. Jackson Post, No. 301, G. A. R., and is its commander. He is a member of the First Congregational Church of Middletown, N. Y. He is a republican and has filled many local offices and is at present a member of the board of education.

HENRY WILSON REED was born at Middletown, Orange County, N. Y., November 3, 1875. His education was acquired at the old Wallkill Academy. After his schooling he became identified with Fort Wayne Electric Light Co. for a period of seven years. From 1889 to 1891 he was vice-president of the Enterprise Electric Co., of Middletown, N. Y. In 1896 he engaged in the electrical construction business, which business he still carries on. He has done the electrical work in the best homes and public buildings in Orange County, and is endorsed by the State Underwriters' Association. He married Helen K. Biddlebrook, only daughter of William H. Wood, of Chester, N. Y., April 9, 1901.

In politics Mr. Reed is a republican. He is a member of the Wallkill Engine Co. of Middletown and the National Electrical Contractors' Association of America. He is a member of the First Congregational Church of Middletown, N. Y.

MARK REEKS, president and treasurer of the John G. Wilkinson Company, Newburgh, N. Y., wholesale and retail dealers in carriages, harness, etc., was born in London in 1869. Came to America in 1888, and entered the employ of John G. Wilkinson as bookkeeper. Following the death of Mr. Wilkinson in 1905 Mr. Reeks became executor and manager of the estate and in 1906 purchased the Wilkinson interest and the present company was organized. The business of which Mr. Reeks is now the head was established in 1867 and the trade extends throughout New England, New Jersey and New York.

JOHN REILLY, assessor of the town of Highlands, Orange County, N. Y., has ably filled that office for the past twenty years. He is a native of County Mayo, Ireland, and sailed for America in 1863 on the old ship _France._ He was employed for a time at Poughkeepsie and Newburgh, and in 1870 came to West Point and joined the United States Cavalry, in which he served five years, including one year and a half in the ordnance department. In 1875 Mr. Reilly established his hotel and livery, which he has conducted with much success. He has always taken an active interest in politics and is a member of the Republican county committee. Socially he is a member of the Knights of Honor and the A. O. H. He married Miss Jane Cook, daughter of ex-Supervisor Cook. He was appointed postmaster of Highland Falls under President McKinley's administration, but declined the office.

A. SMITH RING, for many years prominent in financial and public affairs of Newburgh, was born in that city in 1838, a son of Thomas C. and Catherine (Speir) Ring. After graduating from the academy, he was employed by the Powell Bank until 1858, when he became connected with the Newburgh Savings Bank, of which his father was treasurer. The latter part of Mr. Ring's life was spent in retirement from active business pursuits, devoting his attention to the management of his large property interests.

A firm believer in the principles of the democratic party, he was elected city treasurer in 1875. He was appointed one of the trustees of Washington's headquarters and treasurer of the board. He was a member of the board of managers of the Associated Charities and took a deep and active interest in philanthropic work.

October 5, 1881, Mr. Ring was united in marriage with Miss Frances Ludlow, daughter of the late George W. Kerr. One child, Thomas Ludlow, was born to them.

In the death of Mr. Ring, which occurred July 8, 1893, Newburgh lost a citizen of more than ordinary ability, who occupied a high place in the regard of his associates.

SAMUEL D. ROBERSON, of Bullville, Orange County, N. Y., was born in the town of Crawford in 1849, a son of Samuel and Margaret (Martin) Roberson. His father was a native of Westchester County, and for many years was proprietor of the Bullville Hotel. Our subject was educated at the public schools and for three years managed the Bullville Hotel. He then built a creamery and was also engaged in a general mercantile business.

As a leader in democratic politics Mr. Roberson is widely known to the voters of Orange County. He was chosen chairman of the democratic county committee in 1896, and for twelve years was elected to the office of supervisor in Crawford town.

In 1870 Mr. Roberson married Miss Hannah Powles of Newburgh. Seven children were born to them, of whom four sons and one daughter are living.

HON. CHARLES DWIGHT ROBINSON was born in Auburn, Cayuga County, N. Y., February 6, 1860. He was educated in the public schools of his native city.

Mr. Robinson is a descendant of George Robinson, who settled in Rehoboth, in the State of Massachusetts, in 1645. His ancestry on both sides was very active in the trying times of the American Revolution. His father, William Philip Robinson, located in Auburn in 1844; his mother was Louise E., daughter of William Clark Smith and Amer Lewis. Mr. Smith was a grandson of Anning Smith, of Milton, Ulster County, N. Y.. an officer in the Revolutionary War. On the paternal side of Mr. Robinson, his ancestors, Zephaniah Robinson and Philip Robinson, served in Massachusetts regiments, Philip being a sergeant. William Robinson, a cousin of Philip, served in a Connecticut regiment, in the Revolution.

Mr. Robinson, since leaving school, has been active in many lines of usefulness, which he was well adapted for. Prior to 1883 he was cashier for the Chicago branch of D. M. Osborne & Co., of Auburn. He removed to Newburgh, N. Y., in November, 1883, and entered the firm of John Dales & Co., real estate and insurance, where he has since continued.

Mr. Robinson in politics is a republican. He has been identified with municipal affairs of Newburgh since 1894, first serving as alderman from his (Fourth) ward in 1894 and 1895; president of the common council from March, 1895, to March, 1900, and from March, 1904, to March, 1906. He became well informed as to the city's conditions and needs, and being a thorough, economical business man, he was chosen as its mayor in 1906-1907. He has been trustee of Washington's headquarters since 1893, having been appointed by Governor Roswell P. Flower, and reappointed by Governors Black, Odell and Hughes.

Mr. Robinson is a member of the Sons of the Revolution, the Historical Society of the Newburgh Bay and the Highlands, Hudson River Lodge, No. 52; Hudson River Commandery, No. 35, Knight Templar; the Robinson Genealogical Society, and the Newburgh City Club. He has been married twice. His first marriage was to Mary B. Dales, February 16, 1882. They had one daughter, Julia. Mrs. Robinson died January 14, 1900. His second marriage was to Anna B. Colwell, January 30, 1902. They have one son, Charles D., Jr.

JAMES ROBERTSON was born December 6, 1846, at Liberty, Sullivan County, N. Y. His parents were Bronson and Abigail (Stoddard) Robertson. Our subject acquired his education at the public school. At an early age he learned the carpenters' trade, which he followed for some years. He joined the navy in 1864 and was assigned the position as ship carpenter on the _Sweet Briar,_ one of the boats that made up the South Atlantic blockading squadron. He served until 1866 and received an honorable discharge. After the war he resided in Chicago for three years, after which he returned to Monticello, Sullivan County, and followed his trade for a time. He was identified with the Erie R. R. at Port Jervis for ten years as foreman of the carpenters' department of the Delaware division. In 1902 he was appointed manager of the bottling department of the Deer Park Brewery, and in 1906 was made general manager, which position he still holds. Mr. Robertson married Mary E. Kinne, of Monticello, N. Y., March 2, 1871. Socially he is a member of the Port Jervis Lodge No. 328, F. & A. M., Odd Fellows and Knights of Pythias.

FREDERICK O. ROCKAFELLOW, one of the leading funeral directors and embalmers of Middletown, N. Y., was born in that city May 14, 1864. After graduating from the Middletown High School and Wallkill Academy, he entered the undertaking establishment of his father, John D. Rockafellow, and acquainted himself with every detail of the business. Upon the death of his father, Frederick came into possession of the business, which he has since conducted successfully. This business was established by his father in 1861, and is the oldest establishment of the kind in Middletown. John D. Rockafellow was one of Middletown's most progressive and public spirited citizens, he was chief of the fire department for many years and always took a deep interest and lent ready aid in the furtherance of projects benefiting the community. Frederick O. Rockafellow married Marguerite R. Oliver, of Chicago, Ill., and to them have been born two sons: Frederick O., Jr., and John D. Mr. Rockafellow is a member of Lancelot Lodge, No. 169, K. of P.; an honorary member of the Excelsior hook and ladder company and a member of the Middletown Club. The family attend Westminster Church.

LEWIS N. L. ROCKWELL was born at Narrowsburg, Sullivan County, N. Y., May 12, 1875. He attained his education at the public school. He also attended the Albany business college. In 1896 he accepted a position as bookkeeper in New York City in a wholesale house. November 6, 1905, he removed to Otisville and purchased the general store of Joel Northrop, where he has since continued the business. He married Miss Irene Bloomberg, of Narrowsburg, January 10, 1900. In politics he is a democrat. Socially he is a member of the Modern Woodmen of America. There were thirteen children in his parents' family and there are still living four sons and two daughters. His brother, George W., has served two terms as county clerk of Sullivan County.

ALFRED B. ROE, of Chester, N. Y., was born at that place June 9, 1880. He graduated from Chester Academy and later attended Lafayette College, at Easton, Pa. Following his schooling he assisted his father on the home farm. He married Frances A. Decker, of Chester, April 3, 1902, and they have one son, Alfred Russell, born January 30, 1905.

Mr. Roe's parents were Alfred Booth and Martha (Durland) Roe. The homestead farm has been in the possession of the family for about one hundred and seventy-five years. Mr. and Mrs. Roe are members of the First Presbyterian Church of Chester.

D. HOWELL ROE, of Florida, Orange County, was born October 25, 1838. After he finished his district school education, at the age of eighteen, he became clerk in William Vail's grocery store and worked there several years, when he engaged in the livery business at Chester, near the Erie Railroad station. He sold out a few years later and opened a grocery and feed store in Chester, which he conducted until his death, November 29, 1880. He was town clerk and supervisor many years, holding the latter office until poor health obliged him to decline a re-nomination by the democratic party, to which he belonged. He went South, remained there a year, and afterward spent two winters there for his health. He was a member of the Standard Lodge of Chester and of the Methodist Church. He married Elizabeth Rysdyk, of Chester, June 7, 1854. Their two children died in infancy.

FRED ROGERS, manufacturer, of Middletown, N. Y., was born at Brewster, Putnam County, N. Y., July 12, 1859. His parents were both of English extraction, his father, Joseph, having been born near Oxford, and his mother, Penelope Wilkin, near Bristol, England. Joseph Rogers settled at Poughkeepsie, N. Y., and engaged in the manufacture of drums and banjo heads, afterward removing to Bloomingburgh, Sullivan County, N. Y., where he learned his trade. Fred obtained his education at the district school at Bloomingburg and Snooks Academy at Monticello, N. Y. After leaving school he entered the drum head manufactory of his father at Bloomingburg, and continued with him until the death of the latter in 1901, when he succeeded to the business. His mother died in 1896. Mr. Rogers married Harriet Pellet Moore, of Middletown, N. Y., November 28, 1888, and four children were born to them: Penelope, Ruth Bradner, died November 25, 1907; Helen Hyde and Clara Elizabeth. He is a member of the Royal Arcanum and Knights of Pythias. His brother, Joseph, now conducts the factory established by his father at Bloomingburg. Mr. Rogers opened his present factory at Mechanicstown, near Middletown, in 1897.

WILLIAM H. ROGERS was born December 29, 1845, in Sullivan County, N. Y. He is a son of James and Elizabeth Rogers. In 1859 he moved to Middletown, where he acquired his education, attending the old Orchard street school and Wallkill Academy. He engaged in the drug business in 1868, and is at present senior member of the drug firm of McMonagle & Rogers, of Middletown. He married Miss Amelia Chattle, of Middletown, May 19, 1869. To this union three children were born: Fred S., Thomas C, district attorney of Orange County, and Elizabeth, wife of Wickham Wisner Young, of Middletown. Mr. Rogers supports the republican party. He is ex-president of the board of education, ex-member of the board of water commissioners, and president of the board of managers of Middletown State Homeopathic Hospital and ex-president of the New York State Pharmaceutical Association, charter member Monhagen hose company, member Royal Arcanum, Concordia Council, No. 1077, and Hoffman Lodge, No. 412, F. and A. M., of Middletown.

CHARLES W. ROSE was born September 9, 1836, at Canajoharie, N. Y. He attended the district school at Amsterdam. At an early age he learned the milling business, and has been identified with that for many years. He worked at the Tivoli Railroad Mills, at Albany, which was built previous to the Revolutionary War. In 1850 he operated the Garden City Mill, at Chicago, for two years. He was an engineer on the New York Central and Hudson River Railroad between Albany and Syracuse. He returned to Albany and ran the engine in the same mill for a period of four years after it was operated by steam. In 1863 he went to New York City, taking charge of the William Tildert & Nephew Varnish Works, which position he held for twelve years, after which he spent two years abroad. Mr. Rose then came to Burnside, Orange County, and purchased the saw and grist mill, which he operated for eight years in connection with a general store. He has been postmaster of Burnside for several years. In politics he is a republican and served one term as supervisor, and as justice of the peace several years.

He married Sophia Schweishelm, of Hanover, Germany. Three children were born to this union. One died, by accident, aged twenty-one years; Harry, with the Mead Morrison Manufacturing Company, of New York, and Frieda Dorothy, residing at home. Mr. and Mrs. Rose are members of the Presbyterian Church at Campbell Hall.

HENRY ELKANAH ROSE is one of nine children of Silas and Elmira Rose, and was born at Sugar Loaf, Orange County, February 15, 1850. He attended the district school and the Seward Institute at Florida, after which he assisted his father on the farm until he was eighteen, when he learned the wheelwright trade and, later, blacksmithing, and has since been an industrious man in these occupations and farming. He is a member of the Sugar Loaf Methodist Church and politically is a democrat. September 23, 1878, he married Mary Fitzgerald of Warwick, and they have three children: Nellie E., born April 11, 1880, wife of Henry Ames, of Stamford, N. Y.; Edith S., born March 10, 1883, wife of Fletcher A. Herrod, of Miami, Florida, and Floyd William Dudley, born September 2, 1884, living in Maxwell, Neb. The grandmother of Mrs. Rose was Mary Booth, a granddaughter of Sarah Wells, reputed to be the first white woman who came to Orange County.

JOSEPH H. ROSE, retired brick manufacturer, Newburgh N. Y.; born at Hamburg, N. Y., 1865; son of John C. and Phoebe (Myers) Rose; removed with his parents to Haverstraw, N. Y., where he attended the academy; has resided in Newburgh since 1883, when the Rose Brick Company was established at Roseton, Orange County, N. Y., with which Joseph H. was connected until 1902, when he retired from active business.

ELMER E. ROOSA, attorney, of Newburgh, N. Y., was born in New Paltz, Ulster County, N. Y., in 1861. He is of Holland ancestry and came to Newburgh with his parents in 1870. After graduating from the academy, he read law in the office of Messrs. Scott & Hirschberg, and was admitted to the bar in 1882. He continued in the office of his preceptors, and when Mr. Hirschberg was advanced to a judicial position, Mr. Roosa took up the extensive practice attending the office. Mr. Roosa is vice-president of the Newburgh Planing Mill and interested in various local enterprises. He is a member of the Hudson River Lodge, F. and A. M.; Highland Chapter and Hudson River Commandery.

EDWARD C. ROSS, treasurer of the Coldwell Lawn Mower Company, has been identified with this important industry since its incorporation. He is a native of Newburgh, a son of Henry and Jane (Cleland) Ross. After graduating from the Newburgh Academy and Eastman Business College he formed a partnership with his brother George H., to continue the flour and grist mill established by their father. He disposed of his interest in 1903 to devote his entire attention to the manufacture of lawn mowers. For two years he represented the company abroad, with headquarters in London, England. Mr. Ross was for many years a member of the Newburgh board of education. He is identified with the Masonic fraternity and a member of the City Club. He married Miss Jennie M. Coldwell, and two sons and a daughter have been born to them.

SEWARD U. ROUND, attorney, of Newburgh, was born in Florida, Orange County, N. Y., in 1856. He was educated at Seward Institute, attended Albany Law School, and was admitted to the bar in 1880. Formed partnership with Eugene A. Brewster, Jr., which was continued two years, when the firm of Round & Chatterton was organized and continued until the death of Mr. Chatterton.

Mr. Round is a member of the Chapter and Commandery in the Masonic order, and is affiliated with Trinity M. E. Church.

John Wesley Round, the father of Seward U. Round, was born July 22, 1822, at Richfield, Otsego County, N. Y., and died at Florida, N. Y., January 5, 1862, aged thirty-nine years.

John W. Round graduated from Wesleyan University, Middletown, Conn., in the class of 1843, and after teaching at various points assumed the principalship of S. S. Seward Institute at Florida, N. Y., where he remained from 1851 to 1862, the date of his death. He was called to other higher institutions of learning, but at the request and desire of Wm. H. Seward, who was closely identified with the institute, he was prevailed upon to remain and conduct the Seward Institute, which was in a flourishing condition at his death. John W. Round was a linguist, mastering no less than seven languages and also a natural-born musician, playing several instruments skilfully. Socially the whole community and those who knew him will give constant testimony of his great success and attainments, and his scholastic ability can be attested by many men now in prominent public life.

JOSEPH W. ROWLAND, general superintendent of the New York Knife Company, mention of which appears elsewhere in this work, was born in Connecticut in 1849. He came with his father, Joseph Rowland, to Walden, in 1856, and learned the cutlery trade. In 1884, upon the death of his father, he was made general superintendent and ultimately succeeded him as vice-president of the company, continuing in that office until the reorganization of the company. Mr. Rowland is a director of the Walden Savings Bank and trustee of the Wallkill Valley Cemetery Association.

HENRY RUDOLPH, former supervisor of the Fifth ward, Newburgh, was born in Hesse-Cassel, Germany, in 1853, a son of Henry and Wilhelmina (Helfinch) Rudolph, who were natives of the same province. At the age of fifteen Mr. Rudolph was apprenticed to learn the baker's trade. In 1870 he sailed for New York, where he worked at his trade. He was for a time in business in Matteawan, N. Y., and in 1880 came to Newburgh, where he has built up an extensive wholesale and retail bakery business.

Politically Mr. Rudolph is a republican and has always taken an active part to advance the interests of his party. He has represented his ward in the common council, and in 1902 was elected a member of the board of supervisors and continuously re-elected to serve until December 31, 1907.

ARCHIBALD E. RUGGLES was born at Windsor, Vt. His parents were Edgar M. and Emma S. Ruggles. He acquired his early education at the public school in his home town. At an early age Mr. Ruggles identified himself with a clothing firm in Claremont, N. H., and was there seven years, after going to New Berlin, N. Y., where he took the management of a store. In April, 1902, he purchased the John E. Adams store in Middletown, which he still operates. He was married to Miss Minnie L. Ainsworth, of Claremont, N. H., October 18, 1899. In politics Mr. Ruggles is a republican. Socially he is a member of Phoebus Lodge, No. 82, F. and A. M., of New Berlin, N. Y., and of Concordia Council, No. 1077, Royal Arcanum, of Middletown. He was elected exalted ruler of the Elks' Lodge, No. 1097, of Middletown, N. Y., at the institution of the lodge, December 31, 1907.

GEORGE M. SANFORD was the third son of the late Deacon Ezra Sanford, and was born in the town of Warwick on November 5, 1821. His mother was the late Adeline Terry. His brothers were Pierson Ezra (and only survivor), Uriah Terry and William More. His sisters were Hester Ann Price, Mary Elizabeth, Julia A. Morehouse, Abigail Gabriel and Emily S. Tuttle. The two last named are still living. He married Frances Amelia, a daughter of the late Captain Nathaniel Wheeler Baird. They celebrated their golden wedding in 1897. Mr. Sanford died on January 6, 1900, and left surviving his widow and the following children: Lansing Haight (who died the same year), Ferdinand Van Derveer, George Alden, Mary Elizabeth, John Wheeler and Francis Baird. Lansing Haight left one child, Mrs. Edward W. Everitt, of Newark, N. J.

Mr. Sanford was one of Warwick's most un-ostentatious and sterling citizens. He was for many years prominent in business and associated with the substantial and conservative institutions of the valley. He was one of the organizers and directors of the First National Bank, a promoter and director of the Warwick Valley Railroad Company, succeeded by the present Lehigh and Hudson River Railway.

He was the first and continuous president of the Warwick Cemetery Association, a model for success and careful methods. He was a successful farmer and financier.

He was an ardent republican in politics and rarely missed voting. Without being an office seeker he was at one time the supervisor of the town. Being an ardent patriot and unable in the early sixties to qualify as a soldier and go to the front, he aided by recruiting between fifty and sixty men for service under his country's flag.

He had a most equable disposition; kindly and charitable. He took a great interest in young men and loved to help them, and not a few in the town owe much of success to the wise counsel and start in life he gave them.

A quiet vein of humor was always ready to manifest itself when that part of his nature was appealed to. He was also noted for his hospitable traits, and many, far and near, will testify to sharing the comforts and pleasantries of his attractive home.

JAMES EVERETT SANFORD was born at Sandfordville, near Warwick, January 21, 1859. His education was obtained at the public school at Warwick. After his schooling he was connected with the Demarest creamery near Warwick for nearly two years. He then clerked for A. J. Burt at Bellvale for two years, after which he took the management of the home farm. During the summer of 1887 Mr. Sanford traveled in Europe. In 1889 he became identified with R. C. Williams & Co., wholesale grocers, of New York, and continued with this firm nearly twelve years as traveling salesman. In the fall of 1901 he was elected county treasurer and served the county in an efficient manner for six years. Socially he is a member of Warwick Lodge No. 544, F. and A. M., Warwick Club and Sons of the Revolution. In politics he is a republican. He is treasurer and director of the Warwick Knife Co. and attends the Baptist Church of Warwick.

JOHN W. SANFORD. Among the leading business men of Warwick, none have done more for the up building and advancement of the town than the gentleman whose name heads this review. He was born May 13, 1864, at Warwick, Orange County, N. Y. His parents were George W. and Frances A. (Baird) Sanford. He obtained his early education at the public school, graduating in 1883, after which he took an agricultural course at Cornell. In 1889 he started in the insurance, real estate and brokerage business at Warwick. Mr. Sanford gives his personal attention to two farms, which are stocked with one hundred head of the finest cattle.

He married Miss Bertha M. Furman, of Warwick, October 6, 1897. They have two children: Frances Isabel, born February 11, 1900, and Bertha Elizabeth, born January 29, 1905. In politics he is a republican, and is identified with the Old Dutch Reformed Church of Warwick. He is a director of the First National Bank, president of Warwick Cemetery Association, director of Warwick Valley Telephone Company, director and treasurer Warwick Inn. Company, director and treasurer Unionville Water Works Company, director of the Florida Water Works Company and trustee Warwick Savings Bank.

WILLIAM MOORE SANFORD was born August 17, 1827. His parents were Ezra and Adaline (Terry) Sanford. He attended the district school in his locality, after which he attended a private school at Poultney, Vt., and college at Ann Arbor Mich. The subject of this sketch and his father were identified at Sandfordville, Orange County, in the tanning business until 1880, when William M. continued the business from that period until his death, which occurred August 17, 1887. He was reared on the Sanford homestead, about two miles from Warwick. He married Sarah Burt in October, 1856. They had seven children: Charles, engaged in business in Warwick; William, of New York; Everett, residing at home; Ezra, of New York; Mary, wife of Frank Durland, of Chester, N. Y.; Addie, wife of William R. Welling, of Warwick, and Emily, wife of A. M. Reynolds, of Newark, N. J. Mr. Sanford is survived by one brother and two sisters. In politics he was a republican and served as superintendent of the poor at the time of his death.

BENJAMIN B. SAYER was born March 11, 1859, on the homestead farm, near Warwick, N. Y., which has been in the family since 1768, and was purchased by Daniel Sayer, his great-grandfather, of Henry Wisner, who lived in the town of Goshen. He obtained his early education at the Warwick Institute and has always been identified with farming. He also operates a distillery on the farm, which was established in 1812. He married Miss Annie Wagoner, of Glenburnie, Ontario, Canada, March 15, 1893. Three children were born to this union: Helen Bennett, born December 18, 1893; Mary Eraser, born June 2, 1895, and Benjamin Wagoner, born December 9, 1896. In politics Mr. Sayer is independent. He is a member of Warwick Lodge, No. 544, F. and A. M., and the Warwick grange. The farm on which Mr. Sayer resides was the place first settled on by the Warwick pioneers.

GEORGE S. SAYER, for many years a leading business man and farmer of Westtown, N. Y., was born in 1812, and died in 1884. As a young man he taught school a few years, and in 1836 went to Indiana, where he remained ten years. In 1852 he resumed farming, near Westtown, and in 1872 built a store and home in the village. He married Emeline C. Evans and six children were born, Jonathan Sayer, now the postmaster at Westtown, being the second child. After finishing his schooling he assisted his father on the farm.

He married Miss Sarah Owen and two sons were born: George O., a lawyer in New York, and Robert E., who resides at Westtown. In 1902 Mr. Sayer was appointed postmaster, and the management of the farm, passed to his son, Robert E., who was born in 1876, and educated at the schools of Hackettstown. He chose for his wife Miss Frances Horton.

WILLIAM BENJAMIN SAYER. The Sayer family is of English extraction and is mentioned as living at Poddington, England, in 1309. This is the line from which the Thomas Sayer descended, who came from Bedfordshire, England, to Lynn, Mass., and from whom the Sayers in this country are descended. He built the old Sayer single house in 1648 at Southampton, Long Island, New York, said to be the oldest English house standing in New York State.

The Sayers came to Orange County in 1750. William Benjamin Sayer, a descendant of the above mentioned Sayers, now owns and occupies the stone house situated on Main street, Warwick, N. Y., which was built by Francis Baird in 1766. It was called the Stone Tavern and was used as one until 1830. The mechanics who built this house came from New York City, and when completed it was considered the model house in this section. The most of the timbers are hewed oak with wide pine plank floors. This house has been in the Sayer family since 1858. Among the distinguished persons who stopped at the house are General George Washington and wife, and the room on the northwest corner on the second story is said to have been the room where they slept. Here are kept a number of old time relics to show to friends. The present owner, W. B. Sayer, was born in this room, March 14, 1866, and has always lived in the house with his sister, Miss M. Eva Sayer.

Rev. James Manning, a Baptist minister, and his wife, from Providence, R. I., took dinner here Sunday, September 12, 1779. He said in his diary: "We had an elegant dinner and were treated very hospitably by Francis Baird."

Marquis De Chastelliux, major-general in the French army serving under Count Rochambeau, stayed all night here with his aides, December 6, 1781. He says: "I lodged at Warwick, at a very good inn kept by Mr. Smith, who rented of Francis Baird, and had every reason to be content with this establishment."

Henry Pelton, a prominent local historian and grandfather of our surveyor of that name, when he first came here, in 1805, stayed his first night in Warwick in this house. A picture of this house will be found in this volume.

THE SCHRADE CUTLERY COMPANY, of Walden, N. Y., is the youngest of the industries that have made that village the Sheffield of America. Established in a modest way April 19, 1904, by George and J. Louis Schrade, its growth has been very rapid and the value of their product now exceeds $100,000 worth annually. The plant which the company erected is a substantial frame structure, thirty by eighty-five feet, three stories in height, equipped with modern machinery and up-to-date methods of manufacture, employing about one hundred hands. One hundred different styles of pen and pocket knives are produced and the goods find a ready market all over the United States. The Schrade brothers are natives of Williamsport, Pa. George, the president of the company, has resided in Walden since 1894, and is the inventor, patentee and for ten years the sole manufacturer of the press button knife in connection with the Walden Knife Works. Mr. J. Louis Schrade came to Walden in 1904. He had previously been engaged in the manufacture of self-playing pianos in New York, Boston, London and Paris. Both brothers are members of the Masonic fraternity.

CHRISTIAN H. SCHARFF was born at Amsterdam, Holland, February 26, 1834. He came to America with his father, and the family settled in Newark, N. J. He was graduated from Princeton College in 1853, and studied law with Joseph P. Bradley (justice of supreme court). With James Buchanan, Henry formed the law partnership of Henry & Scharff, at No. 14 Wall street, New York City. Frances A. (Seward) Scharff was born at Florida, N. Y., April 16, 1836. She attended the Seward Institution at Florida and later the Grove Hall Seminary for young ladies at New Haven, Conn. She was united in marriage to Christian H. Scharff, January 27, 1859.

R. ED. SCHOFIELD was born at Port Jervis, N. Y., December 10, 1853. His parents were James H. and Marguerite Cole (Elston) Schofield. His early education was obtained at the public school and Port Jervis Academy. After his schooling he read law in the office of Judge O. P. Howell, and was admitted to the bar in 1885. October, 1890, he entered into partnership with Judge O. P. Howell and Mr. Parshall, the firm being Howell, Parshall & Schofield, which continued until September, 1893, when Mr. Parshall withdrew from the firm. Mr. Schofield continued with Judge Howell until January, 1896, and since that time has continued alone. He married Miss Mary J. Finn, of Port Jervis, N. Y., January 28, 1885. Their two children are James H. and Anna C., residing at home. In politics Mr. Schofield is a republican and has served the town in various offices. He has been clerk of the board of education for twenty-five years and is now president of the Co-Operative Loan and Savings Society. He and his wife are members of the Presbyterian Church.

D. DEWITT SCHOONMAKER was born at Middletown, Orange County, N. Y. His early education was acquired at the Wallkill Academy, where he graduated in 1878. For two years he was engaged as traveling salesman, and one year in the merchandise business in Goshen, N. Y. Mr. Schoonmaker has not sought prominence in life, but has devoted himself entirely to his business. In 1882 he associated himself with the Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Co., holding the position of bookkeeper for three years and assistant superintendent for seventeen years. He has been identified with the Borden Condensed Milk Co. since 1902, and for the past three years has held the position of superintendent. April 21, 1897, he married Miss Mary J. McNish, of Middletown, N. Y. He is a member of Hoffman Lodge No. 412, F. and A. M., and served as foreman of Excelsior Hook and Ladder Company for three years.

JOHN SCHOONMAKER, for nearly half a century the foremost dry goods merchant in Orange County, was born in the town of Gardiner, Ulster County, N. Y., January 25, 1830, and died at his home in Newburgh, N. Y., January 1, 1904.

The Schoonmaker family is one of the oldest in this section of New York State. The progenitor of the family in America was Hendrick Jochemsen Schoonmaker, who came to America in 1654, in the military service of the Dutch West India Company. The records show he loaned money to Governor Stuyvesant "in time of need," and was active in the military duties made necessary by the troublous times. His grandson, Captain Frederick Schoonmaker, was one of the patriots and soldiers of the Revolution, who gave himself and his property to his country in its struggle for freedom from the British yoke.

John A. Schoonmaker, father of the subject of this sketch, was a son of Major Abraham Schoonmaker of Revolutionary fame (Fourth Regiment, Ulster County Militia). He married Rachel, eldest daughter of Gustavis and Maria (Terwilliger) Sammons. Ten children were born to them, of whom John was the tenth in order of birth. He was educated at Amenia Seminary, Dutchess County. He began work upon his father's farm and continued until he was twenty-two, teaching school at Gardiner for the last winter that he remained at home. In March, 1852, with his brother Jacob, he opened a general store at Tuttletown. Soon afterward his brother lost his life in the Henry Clay disaster on the Hudson, and in a short time the Tuttletown store was sold, Mr. Schoonmaker moving to Newburgh in the fall of 1853. His first employment was with Stephen Hayt, on Water street, for his board. In three months he took a clerkship with Isaac Wood, Jr., for three years, after which he had a position for a year with Mr. Parmalee, and again returned to the store of Isaac Wood, Jr., where, under Mr. Wood's guidance, he received and acquired experience that was invaluable to him in later years.

In 1863 Mr. Schoonmaker, with Samuel C. Mills and A. Y. Weiler, purchased the dry goods business of Colonel Wood, at the northeast corner of Water and Third streets. They conducted business under the firm name of Schoonmaker, Mills & Weiler. Half a dozen lines of boats between New York and Newburgh and market wagons from the surrounding country made Newburgh an active business center, where stores were open as early as five o'clock in the morning and frequently as late as eleven o'clock at night. In 1878 the firm occupied its newly completed building at Nos. 94 and 96 Water street. This was considered a notable improvement and the firm even then had the largest dry goods store in the city. Although at first only part of the building was occupied, in a few years increased business made it necessary to occupy the whole. Mr. Mills retired in 1885 and Mr. Weiler January 1, 1898. Mr. Schoonmaker's son, Samuel V., purchased Mr. Weller's interest and the firm became John Schoonmaker & Son.

Now the firm purchased the adjoining building on the north, still further increasing its capacity for business. Mr. Schoonmaker took an active interest in the affairs of the firm until his sudden illness in the latter part of 1902, and after a protracted period of hope and fear he died on January 1, 1904, at his home, 135 Grand street. He had thus been for many years the head of Newburgh's dry goods trade. His business acquaintance was very extensive and few men enjoyed such a reputation for honor, integrity and probity, his friends and acquaintances placing implicit confidence in him, which, throughout his career, was never violated. He was a public spirited citizen, always interested in the welfare and progress of Newburgh and contributed generously to projects which promised well for its advancement, yet he never sought public office or cared to appear prominently in public. His increasing business prevented him from entering politics, although he was a member of the board of health from 1885 to 1888, in which he rendered conscientious service. He was one of the organizers of the old Newburgh board of trade, and of its successor, the Newburgh Business Men's Association, of which his son was president. He earnestly aided by counsel and purse in the building of the Palatine Hotel. For thirty-seven years he was a trustee of the Newburgh Savings Bank and for a number of years its second vice-president. He was a member of the First Presbyterian Church, in which he was active and efficient, serving for many terms as trustee and elder. He was also deeply interested in Bethel Mission and chapel, serving as superintendent of the chapel while health permitted. He was a member of the Holland Society of New York from 1890 until the time of his death. He was married July 2, 1862, to Mary A. Vail. The children of this marriage, Samuel V. Schoonmaker, Mrs. W. Clement Scott and Miss Elizabeth M. Schoonmaker, are all residents of Newburgh.

THEODORE D. SCHOONMAKER was born in the town of Crawford, in the County of Orange, on the 28th day of December, 1836. He was the only son of Levi Schoonmaker and Julia Ann, his wife. Levi was a son of Edward Schoonmaker and Leah Rose, his wife, both of the town of Shawangunk, Ulster County, N. Y. Julia Ann was the daughter of Samuel Butler and Sarah, his wife, both of the town of Goshen, Orange County, N. Y.

The subject of this sketch received a common school and academic education, taught school in the counties of Chemung, Ulster and Orange for several years, was brought up a farmer, which occupation he followed till January 1, 1868, when he was appointed by the then surrogate, Honorable Gilbert O. Hulse, his brother-in-law, clerk of the surrogate's court of the county of Orange, which position he has occupied ever since continuously, being appointed by the successive surrogates to that office. He was stenographer to the surrogate's court from 1870 till the year 1903, and was also for several years assistant stenographer for the second judicial district of this state, and also served as county court stenographer under County Judges Honorables Stephen W. Fullerton and Charles F. Brown, and also stenographer to the Dutchess County court under Honorables Henry M. Taylor and B. Platt Carpenter. In 1889 he was elected one of the trustees of the village of Goshen, after a bitter and arduous campaign, to which office he has been reelected for six terms of two years each, without any opposition, and is now one of such trustees.

He has four children living, two having died in infancy: Anna Frances, wife of Thomas Mould, of the firm of Thompson & Mould; Theodore F., of Hartford, Conn., traveling salesman; Mary Adele, at home, and Charles B., civil and construction engineer.

ANDREW SCHRIVER, residing on a farm near Chester, N. Y., was born December 16, 1840, at Lagrange, Dutchess County, N. Y. His early education was obtained at the Unionville Seminary. He joined Company A, One Hundred and Forty-fourth New York Volunteers, and served in the Civil War for three years, after which he joined the New York conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church and actively followed the ministry for thirty-seven years, and for six years was presiding elder of the Newburgh district. Mr. Schriver is now retired and resides on the Oak Lane farm of one hundred and forty acres, near Chester, N. Y. He makes a specialty of breeding and exhibiting Hampshire sheep, Guernsey cattle and fancy poultry. He married Alida Wiltsie, of Albany County, April 24, 1877. Their five children are: Hiram W., Newman E., Paul R., Charlotte and Frank. Mr. Schriver is a republican and takes an active interest in politics. He is one of the managers of the Orange County Agricultural Society.

FRANK A. SCOTT, architect and builder, of Newburgh, was born here July 18, 1830, a son of John and Jane (Gedney) Scott. The Gedney family is of French-Huguenot origin. David Gedney came from France and located in Newburgh in 1754. Mr. Scott attended the old Glebe School, of which some years ago he made a very accurate drawing from memory. At the age of seventeen he went to New York City to learn the builders' trade and study architecture. In 1863 Mr. Scott went west and was engaged in business in Montana, Colorado and Missouri. Since 1872 he has made his home in his native city and has erected many buildings in the Hudson Valley. In 1852 he married Miss Mary Banks, of Ulster County. They have two daughters: Elsie Banks and Anna Gedney. In 1894 Mr. Scott received from Mayor Odell the appointment of excise commissioner and served as president of the board. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity and trustee of the Unitarian Church.

W. CLEMENT SCOTT, secretary and treasurer of the Newburgh Planing Mill, was born in Newburgh in 1869, and is a son of the late Hon. David A. Scott. His education was obtained at Newburgh Academy and Yale College, from which he graduated with the degree of A.B. in 1893. He has been connected with the above firm since 1899 and is identified with local social organizations. In 1897 he married Miss Mary L., daughter of John Schoonmaker. Two children have been born to them: Elizabeth M. and William C., Jr.

FRANK H. SCUDDER, treasurer of Middletown, was born November 19, 1871, in Otisville, Orange County, and graduated from the Otisville public school. He learned telegraphy and was operator for the Erie Railroad from 1888 to 1892, and for the Ontario & Western Railroad from the last date to 1900. He was then transferred to the traffic department of the Ontario & Western as assistant to the traveling freight agent, which position he still holds. He was elected city treasurer of Middletown in 1904, and his third term in this office expired January 1, 1908. He is a member of the Concordia Council, Royal Arcanum, and also of the Monhagen Hose Company. Politically he is a republican. He married Miss Elizabeth E. Scott, of Jersey City, N. J., October 12, 1904, and both are members of the First Presbyterian Church of Middletown.

HENRY SEACORD, republican, who represents the first assembly district of Orange County in the assembly, was born September 19, 1829, at Lincolndale (formerly known as St. David's Corners, or Decker's Mills), and has resided there since. The Seacord family are direct descendants of the French Huguenots that fled from Rochel, France, in the year 1684, went to England, and from there to America in 1684, and Amroise Sicard, a French Protestant refugee, of La Rochelle, France, who fled to England in 1682, and from there came to America in 1684, locating at New Rochelle, Westchester County, and in the year 1692, on February 9, bought from William La Count land on which is now the city of New Rochelle. Mr. Seacord's father represented Orange County in the assembly in 1846, as a free soil democrat, but when the republican party was organized he came out as a republican and was made chairman of the mass meeting and appointed the committee which organized the party in the county.

At an early age Mr. Seacord entered his father's blacksmith shop, to learn the trade, which he followed until the year 1891, when he left the forge and engaged in the real estate and insurance business, which he still follows.

He was present and took part in the organization of the republican party in Orange County in the year 1855, and has taken an active part in its councils ever since. He has attended many of the state, county and district conventions, and was acquainted with Horace Greeley, Roscoe Conkling, President Arthur and many others of their time.

He was elected to represent his town in the board of supervisors in 1876, being the first republican supervisor elected from the town of Hamptonburgh. In the fall of 1876 the town gave a democratic majority of sixty-seven out of a total vote of two hundred and ninety-five.

He was elected to the assembly in 1907, receiving 5,625 votes, while his democratic opponent received 4,871.

Speaker Wadsworth, in 1908, appointed Mr. Seacord a member of the assembly committees on insurance and agriculture.

WILLIAM H. SEACORD was born at Lincolndale, Orange County. N. Y., formerly known as Decker's, July 17, 1860. After leaving the district school he learned blacksmithing, and when twenty-one years old engaged in business for himself.

He married Charlotte E. Crans, May 31, 1883. Their children are: Barbara A., Andrew W., H. Stanley, Charlotte C. and Ralph P. Barbara is a teacher in the Lincolndale school, and Andrew is taking a course in mechanical engineering at Cornell University. Mr. Seacord, besides his general blacksmithing business, conducts a carriage repository. He is a member of Hamptonburgh Grange No. 950.

BENJAMIN CHANDLER SEARS was born in Montgomery, February, 1836, where his father, Marcus Sears, M. D., then resided. His grandfather, Benjamin Sears, was appointed sheriff of Ulster County by Governor George Clinton, February, 1793. His mother was a daughter of Richard Caldwell, captain of the Twenty-fifth United States Infantry, who, on the march to the Canadian frontier, died from exposure, and was buried at Champlain, N. Y., in 1812. Dr. Sears soon removed to Blooming Grove, and Benjamin C. attended the public school there, Chester Academy and Montgomery Academy, under Joseph M. Wilkin. He entered the junior class of Rutgers College and graduated in 1857 with the Suydam prize for English composition, and the degree of A. B., receiving later the degree of A. M.; was a charter member of the Zeta Psi Club of New York and trustee of the chapter house of the Sigma Psi fraternity at Rutgers.

On graduating he came to the farm upon which he now resides, which was purchased by his great-grandfather, John Chandler, in 1793, containing about forty acres, which, by purchase, he has increased to four hundred acres. In carrying on the farm, he is associated with James B. Howell and his son, Marcus Caldwell Sears, who graduated from Rutgers in the class of '91 with first honor, taking also a special course in agriculture. The firm kept a dairy of one hundred or more cows, the milk from which is largely bottled on the farm, and until March, 1906, was delivered directly to consumers from the Blooming Grove Ayrshire Dairy, 445 West Nineteenth street, New York City, but now is distributed by others.

In 1866 he married Phoebe E., daughter of Edmund S. Howell, of Blooming Grove. In 1878 he was democratic candidate for state senator. A year later he was appointed on the commission to appraise damages to property in building the West Shore and Ontario & Western Railroads. For five years he was superintendent of the farm attached to Rutgers, the State Agricultural College of New Jersey, and associate lecturer on farming. For several years he was vice-president of the Ayrshire Breeders' Association. He was director of the Orange County Agricultural Society from 1877 to 1899, and vice-president from 1889 to 1901. He was an elder in the Second Presbyterian Church of Washingtonville, until it was dissolved, and since then has been deacon in the Blooming Grove Congregational Church.

HON. ALBERT H. F. SEEGER, county judge of Orange County, N. Y., was born in the city of Stuttgart, Wurttemberg, Germany, in 1859. His parents came to America in 1861, settling in Goshen, N. Y. In 1867 the family moved to Newburgh, and it was here the subject of this sketch obtained his education and has since resided. After graduating from the academy in 1875, he read law in the office of Judge Dickey, and was admitted to the bar in 1880.

Judge Seeger is a tireless worker and has built up a very extensive and lucrative practice. For a number of years he was assistant district attorney, and in 1903 was elected district attorney. In 1906 he was elected to the office of county judge.

GEORGE SEELY was born March 27, 1837. His parents were Edward and Julia Ann (Satterly) Seely. Mr. Seely attained his education at the district school and Old Chester Academy. He now occupies the homestead in which his grandfather and great-grandfather lived. The house is now over one hundred and fifty years old. George Seely was united in marriage to Miss Helen M. Butler, of Rochester, N. Y., September 17, 1868. Their one child, Gaylord B., was born March 3, 1874. Mr. and Mrs. Seely are members of the Chester Presbyterian Church and Mr. Seely is a member of the Chester Grange No. 984. In politics he is a republican and has served the town in various offices. His wife is a member of the board of managers of the Home for Aged Women of Middletown, N. Y.

HOWARD DAVIS SEELY, who resides near Chester, was born January 27, 1878. He received his early education at the Chester Academy, afterward attending for two years the Military Academy at Cornwall-on-Hudson, graduating in 1898. His father, Fred B. Seely, died in July, 1891. He was a man of sterling worth in the community. Howard assumed control of the farm after his father's death, which is located about two miles from Chester. He is a large breeder of Holstein-Freisian cattle, has exhibited his stock on several occasions at the Orange County Fair at Middletown, and secured first premium. The foundation of this stock was purchased of H. D. Roe, of Augusta, N. J. Mr. Roe has raised more world's champion stock than any one breeder in this part of the country. Mr. Seely married Miss Carrie A. Mills, daughter of George Mills, of Goshen, N. Y. They have one child, Pauline Augusta. He is a member of the Chester Grange, a republican and takes a lively interest in all questions of the day.

JOHN LANSING SERVIN--Mr. Servin, who spent the last years of his life in Warwick, was born in Spring Valley, Rockland County, on September 6, 1835. After a course of study at Rutgers College, he was graduated from the University of the City of New York in 1858. He then commenced the study of law, and after obtaining his degree at the Albany Law School, and being connected for a time with the law firm of Hill, Cagger and Porter in Albany, removed to New York City, where he practiced his profession until 1865. He married Miss Sallie Ann Forshee, of Warwick, in 1864, and in 1865 removed to Warwick, where he purchased the _Warwick Advertiser,_ which he conducted for some years, when ill health forced him to give up all active pursuits.

He was one of the founders of the Y. M. C. A. at Warwick and superintendent of the Sunday-school of the Reformed Dutch Church, and withal a liberal, well-educated and public-spirited citizen.

He died at Warwick, on October 8, 1881, and is survived by three children: Abraham Forshee, who is a practicing lawyer of Middletown, N. Y.; Sara, wife of Dr. Stephen W. Perry, of Belchertown, Mass.; and John Magie, of Warwick. A younger child, Walter Tinkey, died at an early age. His widow still resides at Warwick in the family home.

FREDERICK W. SEWARD, M.D., a worthy member of a greatly honored family, was born in Goshen, August 22, 1845. He prepared for college in the Seward Institute, founded and endowed by his grandfather, Judge S. S. Seward. He graduated at Union College, and studied medicine in Bellevue Medical College and the New York Homeopathic Medical College. He then settled in Middletown, where he had an extensive practice, but on account of failing health went to New Mexico in 1876. Returning in 1882, he made Goshen his home and engaged in general practice until 1899, when he became a specialist in nervous and mental diseases, and opened "Interpines," a sanatorium for the cure of these diseases. He has long been president of the Orange County Homeopathic Society, and is a member of the New York State Homeopathic Society and the American Institute of Homeopathy; also the Orange County and New York State Medical Societies and of the National Medical Association. He is president of the Goshen Board of Trade and for years was president of the Goshen Board of Education. He is also a Mason. He was married to Ella Armstrong, of Florida, Orange County, December 27, 1866. She died three years later, leaving two children. Dr. Seward again married in 1875, his second wife being Matie Corey, of Plainfield, N. J., by whom he has three children. His three daughters, Ella, Matie and Bertha, are at home. His eldest son, Edwin P., is a ranch man in New Mexico, and Frederick W., Jr., a graduate of the New York Medical College, is associated with his father at the "Interpines." Dr. Seward's father was Edwin Pollodore Seward, of Florida, and his uncle was William H. Seward, Lincoln's secretary of state, and before the war United States senator. Dr. Seward's great-great-grandfather was John Seward, a colonel in the New Jersey militia during the Revolutionary war.

JOHN L. SEYBOLT, of the town of Mt. Hope, was born July 28, 1854, on the homestead farm, about one-half mile from Otisville. He was reared on the home farm and acquired his early education at the district school, afterward attending the Otisville school. His principal business is dairying, having one hundred and seventy-one acres of land. His parents were Paul Lee, born August 18, 1830, died July 8, 1905, and Antoinette, born July 4, 1831, still living. To this union four children were born: John, the subject of this sketch; Horace G., of New York City, engaged in the milk business; Alva, a prominent attorney at Oneonta, Otsego County, N. Y., and Emma, wife of J. C. Jordon, of Middletown, N. Y. Mr. Seybolt married Miss Alice W. Riter, of Otisville, N. Y., December 18, 1878. She was born June 13, 1858. Two children were born to this union: Violet, wife of George Kaufman, of Middletown, and Falter Lee, attending school at Middletown. In politics Mr. Seybolt is a democrat and has served six years as road commissioner. As a farmer he is very successful and for many years has been a member of the Otisville Grange.

REV. JESSE F. SHAFER, an old and honored resident of Newburgh, was born at Montgomery, Orange County, October 12, 1828. He graduated from Montgomery Academy in 1848, read law with Hon. Hugh B. Bull and attended the State and National Law School at Ballston Spa, N. Y. He was admitted to the bar in 1852, and practiced in Goshen and Newburgh until 1857, when he formed a partnership with his brother, Joseph D., district attorney of Ulster County, with offices in Kingston. In 1861 he enlisted in the 56th New York Volunteer Infantry, was promoted to first lieutenant and regimental quartermaster, resigning in 1864. From 1869 to 1873 Mr. Shafer owned and operated the Youngblood farm. In 1874 he decided to prepare for the ministry, and was ordained in 1877. He was pastor of the Presbyterian Church at Audenried, Pa., five years. The failure of his voice caused his retirement. Mr. Shafer is chaplain of Ellis Post No. 52, G. A. R.; also of the 56th Regiment Veteran Association. In 1869 he married Miss Ann H. Crawford, of Thompson's Ridge, Orange County. She died June 10, 1891, leaving one daughter, Susie C., the wife of Walter Carvey.

WILLIAM H. SHANNON, prominent in business and public affairs at Newburgh, N. Y., was born in Richmond, North Hampton County, Penn., April 22, 1840. His parents, Charles Shannon, a carpenter, and Magdalen Gruver Shannon, were also natives of Richmond. He is a descendant from Nathaniel Shannon, who was born in Londonderry, Ireland, in 1655 of Scottish ancestry. Nathaniel came to America in 1687 as naval officer of the port of Boston, where he was a member of the historic Old South Church. He served as naval officer of the port for twenty-two years. From him sprang the various branches of the family. Some of his descendants became pioneers in the South; one accompanied the Lewis and Clarke Expedition. William H. Shannon's grandfather, Langdon Shannon, was a major in the War of 1812.

Mr. Shannon received his education in the little log schoolhouse of Richmond; that is, as much education as a lad can acquire up to the early age of thirteen, when he went to work. He came to Newburgh in 1862 to take charge of the slating of Vassar College for the late John Gait. He started in business the same year and in 1877 became associated with Mr. Gait, who was interested in the firm of Shannon & Co., until his death. Mr. Shannon then took his son, William H., Jr., into partnership. To the originally modest slate-roofing business new branches were added from time to time until to-day an extensive business is carried on--slate, tile and metal roofing mantels, fireplaces marble and tiling.

Mr. Shannon is a member of the Masonic Veterans' Association, having been raised in 1866. He is also a charter member of the Washington Heights Chemical Engine Co. He has been a painstaking and efficient member of the Water Board for fifteen years, three of which he served as president.

THE SHAW FAMILY--The Shaw family was among the early settlers in the northeastern part of the town, and until within a few years the original tract Of land settled upon them was in the name of some of the family. About 1750 William Shaw moved to the town and was agent for a large tract of land owned by New York parties, with instructions to take what he wanted, sell what he could and give some away. The descendants of some of his friends to whom he gave farms are living in Orange County. Soon after he came from Ireland and had made a clearing, he sent for his intended wife (Mary Waldron). She came from New York to New Windsor on a sloop and was met by him and taken to his home on horseback, for at that time it was the only way he could travel between the two points. They had children and many of their descendants are still in that vicinity, among them being Wickham T. Shaw, a great-grandson, practicing law at Middletown, N. Y. William Shaw, who married Rachel Schoonover, son of William and Mary W. Shaw, inherited the homestead and died there. Two of his sons, Aaron and Howard, became quite distinguished. The former was state attorney, judge of the Supreme Court and twice elected to Congress in Illinois. The latter (Howard), who married Abby M. Tryon, was a noted auctioneer, and Wickham T. Shaw, his son, who married Clara A. Mapes, is the last male descendant in that line living. He has three sons, Howard, Charles and H. James Aaron, and one daughter, Florence.

HARRY E. SHAW, of Newburgh, member of the Board of Supervisors, was born in this city in 1869. His father, the late Captain George W. Shaw, was for years a leading business man of Newburgh, a member of the widely known firm of Thomas Shaw's Sons. Harry E. was educated at the Newburgh Academy and Siglar's Preparatory School, after which he entered the planing mill business of his father. He subsequently engaged in the feed business, being senior member of the firm of Shaw Brothers.

Politically Mr. Shaw is a democrat and in 1907 was elected supervisor of the Second Ward. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, the Elks, Ringgold Hose Company and the City Club.

SAMUEL E. SHIPP, son of Colonel Samuel Shipp, was born in 1850 at Pleasant Ridge, Princess Ann County, Virginia. He was educated at Columbian College, Washington, D. C. Mr. Shipp was deputy state treasurer of Virginia several years, and for ten years connected with the post-office in Richmond and Norfolk. He came to Newburgh and organized the present real estate and insurance firm of Shipp & Osborn in 1888, associating himself with Mr. David A. Osborn. This business had been established in 1873 by E. S. Turner. Mr. Shipp is also president of the Shipp & Osborn Realty Company. In 1900 he was appointed by the governor of New York State a member of the Board of Managers of the Middletown State Hospital and served four years as president of the board. He was elected in 1898 a member of the Board of Education of Newburgh and has been president of the board six years. Mr. Shipp is prominent in club, social and business circles. He is a member of Hudson River Lodge, a Knight Templar and was one of the organizers of the Wilbur H. Weston Shriner Association and has been its vice-president and president. He is a charter member and director of the Newburgh City Club and for many years a member of the Powelton (Country) Club. Mr. Shipp has always taken an active part in all matters pertaining to the growth and prosperity of his home city.

HON. MORGAN SHUIT, who for more than a quarter of a century was a prominent figure in political and business affairs of Orange County, was born in Richfield, Conn., 1812, and died at Central Valley, July 29, 1884. Mr. Shuit was engaged in mercantile pursuits until 1864, when he purchased large tracts of land and devoted his time to the management of his farms. He was a leader in republican politics and for thirty-one years represented the old town of Monroe in the Board of Supervisors. He also filled the office of justice of the peace for thirty-three years. In 1879 he was elected a member of the state legislature and reelected in 1880. He was chosen executor for many estates because of the confidence reposed in him by his fellow citizens. In 1846 Mr. Shuit married Mary A. Titus and seven children were born to them. Mrs. Shuit died and in 1870 he chose her sister, Phebe B. Titus, for his second wife.

CHARLES N. SKINNER, M.D., of Port Jervis, was born in that city, March 9, 1866. He obtained his education in the schools of that place and Wyoming Seminary, Kingston, Pa. When twenty-two years of age he took up the study of medicine in the office of Dr. W. L. Cuddeback and completed his medical studies by a course of lectures at Bellevue, New York, from which he was graduated in 1892. He at once began the practice of medicine in Port Jervis. He is a member of the Orange County Medical Society. Dr. Skinner married Mary B. Hiller, of Tunkhannock, Pa., June 9, 1892, and both he and Mrs. Skinner are consistent members of the Reformed Church of Port Jervis.

FRANK SLAUGHTER was born near Pine Island, N. Y., February 23, 1854, attended college at Elmira N. Y., and assisted his grandfather on the farm until he was thirty-two years old. He has since been a dairy farmer and an extensive fruit grower. He has a farm of eighty acres, and apart from this is engaged with the Empire Steel Company of Catasauqua, Penn., in the limestone business. He married Annie Louise Wilson, of Brooklyn, N. Y., December 16, 1885. Their six children are Charles B., born September 20, 1886; Clara Van Sickle, born April 6, 1888, wife of Grant Cooper, of Pine Island; Fannie Louise, born April 5, 1891, wife of Russell S. Ferguson, of New Milford; Jerry, born April 20, 1893; Lu Wilcox, born December 28, 1898, and Audrey Wilson, born January 1, 1902. Mr. Slaughter attends the Presbyterian Church. In politics he is a republican.

NORMAN C. SLY was a New York City policeman more than twenty years, being appointed on the force May 8, 1882, and serving until September 16, 1902. He is now a practical farmer and good citizen who interests himself in the public welfare as well as his private interests. He was born June 22, 1858, and was one of the four children of Ross W. and Marguerite E. Wilcox Sly. His early education was in the district school.

CLARENCE J. SLOCUM, M.D., resident physician of Falkirk Sanitarium, near Central Valley, graduated from the Albany Medical College in 1897. The following three years he was connected with the City Hospital at Poughkeepsie and from 1900 to 1902 with the Utica State Hospital. His services were then secured by Dr. Carlos MacDonald as resident physician of his sanitarium, then located at Pleasantville. In 1906 the institution was removed to Orange County. Dr. Slocum is a member of the American Psychological Association and the Dutchess County Medical Society.

CHARLES H. SMITH was born at Howells, Orange County, N. Y., in 1861. After graduating from the Wallkill Academy he took up civil engineering and spent two years in practical work under Chief Engineer O. Chanute, of the Erie R. R. He then entered Lehigh University, and for two years was a student in the department of civil engineering. Later he was engineer on the Erie R. R. Mr. Smith married Miss Minnie A. Holland, of Hornell, N. Y., in 1890. In 1889 he was appointed assistant chief engineer of the New York, Ontario and Western R. R., with headquarters at Middletown, which position he filled for three years. He resigned in 1893 and devoted his attention entirely to civil engineering. The following year he opened an office in Middletown and was appointed city engineer, in which capacity he served ten years, at which time he was appointed county engineer, which position he is now holding. He is a member of the American Society of Civil Engineers and an honorary member of the Excelsior Hook and Ladder Co.

ELWOOD C. SMITH, attorney, of Newburgh, was born in Monroe, N. Y., February 12, 1882. He graduated from the Newburgh Academy in 1900 and from Columbia University in 1904 with the degree of LL.B. He practiced his profession three years in New York City, and in January, 1907, began the practice of law in Orange County, with offices in Newburgh and Monroe. Mr. Smith was elected justice of the peace of the latter town in 1906. He is a member of the Delta Upsilon Fraternity; Greenwood Council No. 140, Junior Order American Mechanics; Standard Lodge No. 711, F. & A. M.; Highland Chapter No. 52, R. A. M.; Hudson River Commandery No. 35, K. T., and Mecca Temple, A. A. O. N. M. S.

GEORGE SMITH, one of the enterprising citizens of Otisville, was born in the town of Mt. Hope, February 8, 1835, being sixth in order of birth in his parents' family. He remained at home until he was sixteen, when he learned the carpenters' trade. He clerked in a general store at Otisville for a period of two years, when he embarked in business for himself, forming a partnership with Mr. Dunning. The firm was afterward Reed & Smith. Later Mr. Smith purchased his partner's interest and continued alone for five years, when he again sold to Mr. Reed a half interest. Mr. Smith is now living retired. He married Miss Cynthia Green, of Otisville. In politics he is a democrat and has served the town as supervisor for seventeen years and as town clerk eight years.

NATHAN S. SMITH--Among the old business landmarks in Water street, Newburgh, is the book and stationery store of Mr. Smith, which was established in 1830. It is the oldest bookstore in the Hudson Valley and was purchased by Mr. Daniel Smith in 1840. He was a native of Connecticut, and after locating in Newburgh was engaged for a time in the shoe business. Mr. N. S. Smith has been proprietor of this store since 1882. Mr. Smith was born in Newburgh and for many years has been prominent in the commercial and social circles of his native city.

WILLIAM J. SMITH, who is engaged in general farming and dairying on a historic tract of land in the town of Hamptonburgh, was born January 21, 1851, on the homestead farm about one mile from Neelytown. His father was Foster and his mother Sarah W. (Waite) Smith. He was married to Miss Lizzie Burns, of Newburgh, December 7, 1876. Two children were born by this union: Frank W., who married the daughter of John Maryhue, of Ulster County, N. Y., and Nellie, who resides at home. He is a consistent member of the Presbyterian Church of Montgomery. In politics he is a democrat. The home in which Mr. Smith resides is historic from the fact that Washington stopped here on one occasion in crossing from the Delaware River to his headquarters at Newburgh. Recently it was necessary to make repairs in the old chimney and a brick with the date 1777 was taken from the fireplace.

JACOB B. STANABACK--His birthplace was Sparta, Sussex County, N. J., where he began life November 10, 1861, and attended the district school. He worked awhile in a creamery in Stanford, Delaware County, N. Y., and then was a clerk in Sparta and Ogdensburgh. All this was before he was of age. When he was twenty-one he went to Newfoundland, Morris County, N. J., and was there clerk in a general store. His next move was to Florida, Orange County, where he worked for H. B. Seeley, and his next to Newark, N. J., where in 1888 he went into business for himself. In 1897 he went to New Milford, Orange County, and worked for his cousin, Benjamin Scott, until he was burned out on March 22, 1900. Then Mr. Stanaback erected a store on the location of the old store and renewed business.

He was appointed postmaster in 1900 and still holds the office. He is now erecting a brick building for store and residence to have steam heat and other latest improvements. In connection with his general mercantile business he sells the Osborn farm implements. He belongs to Wawayanda Lodge No. 34, I. O. O. F., at Warwick and Encampment of Mt. Olive Lodge No. 65, of Newburgh, N. Y.

JOSEPH F. STEVENS, the efficient postmaster of Highland Falls, N. Y., received this appointment in 1901. He was born in this village in 1864, and educated at schools in Pennsylvania and Manhattan College, N. Y. Previous to his present office he was engaged in the hotel business at Highland Falls, which was established by his father, George Stephens, who built the hotel in 1864. He has held the office of school trustee six years.

Mr. Stevens married Miss Lucetta Faurot, daughter of Captain Theodore Faurot, a descendant of one of the oldest families in the town of Highland.

L. S. STERRIT, son of Thomas and Jane Sterrit, was of Scotch-English extraction. His parents emigrated to this country shortly after their marriage and established a home beside the old Presbyterian Church at Coldenham, where the subject of this sketch was born February 17, 1852.

His general education was gained at the Newburgh Academy and the Collegiate Institute at Newton, N. J. He commenced his legal studies at Newburgh in the office of George H. Clark, leaving this office to enter that of Judge James W. Taylor, April 3, 1873. He was admitted to the bar in 1876, and continued to occupy the position of managing clerk for Judge Taylor, and upon the latter's death in 1883 succeeded to his practice. At the time of his death, which occurred April 4, 1907, he had occupied the same suite of offices in the Savings Bank Building for a period of thirty-five consecutive years.

Mr. Sterrit's practice was almost exclusively confined to equity and probate work, in which he was an acknowledged expert. He conducted some of the most important equity cases of recent years, and was employed in the settlement of many large estates. His practice of his profession was marked by untiring industry and strict integrity. He was an eloquent speaker and a graceful writer, the productions of his pen relating chiefly to local historical subjects, on which he was an acknowledged authority.

Mr. Sterrit was past master of Hudson River Lodge, F. & A. M., and delivered the oration at the celebration of its twenty-fifth anniversary. For fifteen years he served as trustee and secretary of the Glebe, and was a trustee of the Woodlawn Cemetery Association for the same length of time. As a safe and trusted counselor he was honored by his fellow practitioners at the bar; as a generous, public spirited citizen he was held in high regard by those among whom he lived, but as a noble-hearted friend, void of selfishness and without guile, he was loved by those who knew him best. This, in his life, served to bring him his most cherished reward, and, in his death, will prove his most enduring monument.

DANIEL JACKSON STEWARD was the great-grandson of John Steward 1st, who settled in Goshen in 1744, and the son of John Steward 3rd, who, born in Goshen, subsequently moved to New York, where he was for forty years engaged in the business of a wholesale dry goods merchant, acquiring a fortune and distinguished by a reputation for unswerving integrity and uprightness of character.

Daniel Jackson Steward, the subject of this sketch, was the second son of John Steward 3rd, of Goshen, and was born in 1816. He was descended, through his maternal ancestor, Isaac Townsend, of Oyster Bay, L. I., from Capt. John Underbill, the famous fighter of Indians. Though born in New York, Mr. Steward always felt himself to be by inheritance and affection a son of Orange County.

He was a graduate of Princeton and a man of great mental powers and wide learning, equally interested in science and art, a combination of tastes rarely found in the same individual. He was never engaged in active business, but devoted the greater part of his life to scholarly pursuits. A fellow of the National Academy of Design, he was himself an artist of merit, and delighted in his sketches and paintings, to depict the scenery characteristic of Orange County, in his estimation, of unsurpassed beauty. Its graceful elms, giant oaks and chestnuts were his special study and admiration, and the reckless destruction of the county's forests and groves, which during his lifetime he was obliged to witness, occasioned him the deepest regret for economic and climatic reasons, even more than from the standpoint of the artist.

Mr. Steward was one of the incorporators and a patron of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, also of the American Museum of Natural History, being first vice-president of the latter for many years. To this museum he presented many fine fossils and Indian remains, some of which were found in Orange County, and also his collection of shells, he being a noted conchologist. This collection, though not the largest, was said to contain rarer and more beautiful specimens than any other private collection of shells in the world, and it can now be seen intact in the museum.

Mr. Steward was widely interested in philanthropic and charitable enterprises. It may be mentioned that he was instrumental in sending to Japan in 1858, and personally supported there for five years, the famous missionary, Dr. Verbeck, to whose influence with the emperor is largely attributed the awakening of Japan, hitherto closed to the world, and its opening to western civilization.

EDWIN F. STILL was born in Catskill, Greene County, N. Y., August 30, 1878, and educated in the public school. As a member of Company E, 2nd N. Y. V., he accompanied the regiment to Port Tampa, Fla., and remained in the service about seven months in the war with Spain. He came to Warwick in November, 1901, worked in Arnold's Photographic Studio, and purchased the business the next year. He is first assistant engineer of the Warwick Fire Department and is serving a second term as police justice. He was elected November, 1907, to the office of town clerk of Warwick. He is a member of the Christ Episcopal Church. He married Miss Matilda Carson, daughter of Thomas Carson, of Warwick.

MOSES A. STIVERS, M.D., was born in Middletown, Orange County, N. Y., November 14, 1872. He received his education at the Middletown High School and attended Columbia College, New York City. Dr. Stivers has been connected with the house staff of the New York Hospital and the New York Cancer Hospital. He served as master of Hoffman Lodge No. 412, is a member of the National Guard and holds the position of assistant surgeon at the present time. He was married to Lillian C. Hummell, of Port Jervis, and they have one child, Mary Van Etten. Dr. Stivers is at present attending physician at the Thrall Hospital, vice-president of the Orange County Medical Society, and secretary and treasurer of the Stivers Printing Co., of Middletown, N. Y.

GEORGE H. STRONG was born at Blooming Grove in August, 1867, was educated in the district school and Monroe Academy, and at the age of sixteen became associated in business with Knight & Conklin, and remained with them eight years. October 1, 1891, Conklin & Strong purchased the feed and grain business of H. K. Wood, of Warwick, and in 1897, the business of W. S. Board & Co., of Vernon, N. J. In 1898 they built a store in New Milford and in 1906 bought the lumber and coal business of B. S. Galloway, of Warwick. Mr. Strong is president of the Warwick Telephone Company, a director of the Building and Loan Association and Warwick Building Company, and a trustee of the village. He is also a member of Warwick Lodge No. 544, F. & A. M. He married Miss Emma, daughter of Henry Mapes, October 10, 1888. Stella, Harry and Julia are the names of their three children.

SELAH E. STRONG, ex-sheriff of Orange County, was born at the Strong homestead, "Maple Hurst," in the town of Blooming Grove in 1843, and it was here his death occurred, July, 1905. The ancestry of the Strongs in America dates back to John Strong, who came from England in 1629 and settled in eastern Massachusetts. Major Nathaniel Strong, who figured prominently in the early history of Orange County, was shot October 6, 1778, by Claudius Smith at the homestead door in Blooming Grove. He was the great-great-grandfather of the subject of this sketch. Mr. Strong was educated at the schools of his native place and engaged in farming as an occupation. At the age of twenty-one he was elected highway commissioner, occupying that position twelve years. In 1876 he was elected a member of the board of supervisors, holding the office six years. From 1878 to 1884 he was postmaster, receiving the appointment from President Hayes. In 1897 the people of Orange County, in recognition of his worth and ability, elected him to the office of sheriff, where he administered his duties in such a business-like and careful manner as to win hearty commendation from the citizens of Orange County. In 1873 Mr. Strong was united in marriage to Miss Stella K. Hetzel, of Florida, a descendant of an old Revolutionary family. Two children were born to them, H. Sherwood, who is engaged in business in New York City, and Edith, now Mrs. A. J. Norton, of Saugerties, N. Y. Mrs. Strong continues to reside at the homestead, which has sheltered seven generations of this sterling family.

INGHAM STUBLEY, clerk of the Board of Supervisors, was born in England in 1853, and has resided in Newburgh since 1868. For twelve years he was bookkeeper for the firm of Haigh & Mellor, woolen manufacturers. In 1880 he and his father, William Stubley, established the rag, iron and metal business at its present location, 129 Broadway. Mr. Stubley has been continuously elected clerk of the Board of Supervisors since 1892. He has been a member of Newburgh Lodge No. 309, F. & A. M., for thirty-four years and for ten years has served as its secretary. He has also passed through all the chairs in Acme Lodge No. 469, I. O. O. F.; is a member of Mount Olive Encampment No. 65 and Highland Chapter, R. A. M., of Newburgh. He married Nancy J. Dickerson, of Orange County, in 1875, and has two sons, William and Charles G., who are associated with him in business.

GEORGE C. STULL was born June 7, 1864, at Belvedere, N. J. His parents were Henry J. and Mary (Fine) Stull. Mr. Stull received his early education at Belvedere, N. J. When he was fifteen years of age he started in the milk business and continued for elven years, he removed to Goshen, Orange County, N. Y., in 1890, and engaged in the wholesale and retail candy and ice cream business, which business he now conducts. In politics he is a republican. He attends the Presbyterian Church of Goshen, N. Y. He is a member of the Cataract Hose Company of Goshen, and an ex-member of I. O. O. F. of New York City.

GEORGE W. STURR, of Florida, was born in Kerney, Hudson County, N. J., October 26, 1845. His parents, Daniel R. and Sarah Sturr, had five children, and George was the third son. When he was seven years old he left home and went to Brooklyn, where he lived until he was twenty-one, and was educated in the Brooklyn public schools. He then became a clerk for about three years in Danbury, Conn., when he embarked in business for himself and has been identified with several business enterprises. In 1881 he became associated for several years with the Metropolitan Manufacturing Company, of New York City. In 1894 he purchased a home in Florida, where he still resides.

Mr. Sturr married Mary Louise Gregory, of Ulster County, N. Y., in 1867, and they have had four children, two sons and two daughters. Both sons are dead. The daughters are Alberta L. and Ada Cressie. The wife and mother died April 25, 1906.

ALEXANDER C. SUTHERLAND, superintendent of the poor for Orange County, was born at Central Valley, N. Y., June 9, 1855. His education was obtained in the public school of that place, supplemented by a short course in the Mount Vernon Institute, New York City. Mr. Sutherland spent his early days on his father's farm and has since made farming his occupation. He has held the office of superintendent of the poor since January 1, 1896, and has during that time inaugurated many important improvements in the county's establishment. Previous to his election to that office he resided for a number of years on his farm near Turners, and for years was president of the Board of Education of that village, and also served as town assessor.

Socially he is affiliated with Standard Lodge No. 711, F. & A. M., of Monroe, of which he is past master; Midland Chapter, R. A. M., of Middletown; Cyprus Commandery No. 67, K. T.; Mecca Temple, Mystic Shrine of New York, and the Consistory. He has passed all chairs in Knights of Pythias Lodge, and is a member of the Goshen Club and the Old Orchard Club of Middletown.

He was joined in marriage on January 17, 1883, with Miss Elizabeth Cooper, of Central Valley, and their family consists of four children living: Harriet C., Martha C., Clara E. and Annie M.

Mr. Sutherland is one of the representative men of Orange County and makes an efficient and thorough county officer.

MORRIS SWACKHAMMER was born April 15, 1877, at Mount Rose, Susquehanna County, Pa. He has been identified with the Borden Creameries five years and with the New Milford Branch two years, where he is now the manager. This creamery has the best modern appliances for the hygienic handling and care of milk, of which it receives about 5,000 gallons annually. Mr. Swackhammer is a member of Mount Rose Chapter No. 151, I. O. O. F. His wife's maiden name was Miss Lottie Jones, of Mount Rose, Pa. Their only child is Roy, born January 16, 1904.

HENRY B. SWARTWOUT, M.D., of Port Jervis, is a member of one of the oldest families in America. He was born in Port Jervis, February 4, 1861, on the farm which is a part of the original tract of land settled by the Swartwouts in 1690. His parents are Peter P. and Hannah (Cuddeback) Swartwout. The family originated in Holland and were among the early Dutch settlers of New Amsterdam.

Dr. Swartwout is the youngest of a family of nine children, five of whom are living. He obtained his education at Port Jervis Academy, supplemented by a two-year course at Cornell University. He began the study of medicine in the office of Dr. W. L. Cuddeback, and later entered Bellevue Medical College of New York, from which he graduated in 1885. He remained one year, as intern, in the New York Chambers Street Hospital.

His marriage with Miss Carrie B. Peck, daughter of George V. Peck, of Port Jervis, occurred March 10, 1886, after which they spent six months abroad, during the time taking a post-graduate course in the Vienna Hospital. Upon his return home he took up the practice of medicine, and in 1892, with Dr. W. L. Cuddeback, purchased the Hunt Memorial Hospital, which they have since conducted.

Dr. Swartwout is a member of the Orange County, the State and the American Medical Associations, and the Erie Railway Surgeons' Association. He is also a member of the Deer Park Club and at the present time is mayor of Port Jervis.

To Doctor and Mrs. Swartwout have been born four children. Henry Lewis died at the age of one year. Those living are Florence, Charlotte and Herbert B.

CLAYTON E. SWEET, of the firm of Sweet, Orr & Co., was born at Wappingers Falls, N. Y., June 16, 1834, and after a large business experience in that town he moved to Newburgh in 1887, to which city the business offices of the company were changed that year. His father was for many years a merchant and manufacturer in Wappingers Falls, and for a period postmaster of the village. Mr. Sweet was educated at the public schools of his native place and at the Dutchess County Academy at Poughkeepsie. Then for three years he was in the employ of Levi Cook & Co., merchants on Broadway, New York. He returned to Wappingers Falls to enter his father's store, and ere long was made a partner.

For many years Mr. Sweet was one of the leading business men of the place and of great usefulness to the community. He was one of the first trustees of the Wappingers Savings Bank, and acted as its secretary and treasurer until it obtained a substantial footing; he was afterwards elected vice-president of the institution. For seven years he was postmaster of the village under President Grant. He was also a director of the Fallkill National Bank of Poughkeepsie, and a vestryman of the Zion Episcopal Church of Wappingers Falls. Since 1876 Mr. Sweet, as head of the firm of Sweet, Orr & Co., has given his whole attention to the manufacture of overalls. This firm are the pioneers in this business and their product the largest in the country. Mr. Sweet has served as a trustee of the Newburgh Savings Bank and vestryman of St. George's Episcopal Church. He is president of the Newburgh City Club and a director of the Newburgh National Bank. He married in 1860, Chattie Louise, daughter of Hon. James Manning, of Bethany, Pa., and a lineal descendant of Captain Bazaliel Tyler, a soldier of the Revolution, who was killed when leading the advance guard at the battle of Minisink.

LYMAN H. TAFT, editor and proprietor of the _Montgomery Standard and Reporter,_ has resided in Orange County since 1888. Previously he made his home in Warren, Pa.

October 23, 1888, Mr. Taft bought the _Montgomery Reporter,_ a four-page sheet, founded May 30, 1887, by George H. Young. January 1, 1899, Mr. Taft purchased the _Montgomery Standard_ from the Winfield family, who had owned the paper since 1868. He consolidated it with the _Reporter_ under the above title. It is a four-page blanket paper, republican in politics. Mr. Taft, the popular editor, is a member of the Knights of Pythias, the Maccabees and the Foresters.

CAPTAIN THOMAS TAFT, senior member of the Taft-Howell Company, successor to the firm of Mead & Taft, contractors, builders and manufacturers, at Cornwall Landing, N. Y., is a lineal descendant of the colonist, Robert Taft, who came from England to Massachusetts in 1677. He is the oldest son of Daniel Taft, the sixth in line of descent from the colonist Robert and his wife Emeline Smith, descendant of a family of Pennsylvania Quakers who, escaping the massacre at Wyoming, settled near Woodbury Falls in Orange County.

Captain Taft was born in the town of Cornwall, September 28, 1840; was educated in the A. C. Roe Collegiate School at Cornwall, and at the outbreak of the Civil War was engaged in the building business with his father and brother-in-law, C. H. Mead. In response to Lincoln's appeal for three hundred thousand additional volunteers, he enlisted as a private in Company C, 124th Regiment, New York Volunteers, and in recognition of ability, fortitude and bravery displayed in camp, on the march and in battle, was promoted from grade to grade to the captaincy of his company.

In the desperate charge of the 124th at Devil's Den on the field of Gettysburg, in which Colonel Ellis, Major Cromwell and so many of his brave comrades were killed, he was disabled by wounds received at the most advanced point readied, and was captured by the enemy. Four months later he had been exchanged and was again on duty with his regiment. With the exception of these and the battle of Boydton Road, he was never absent from the 124th when it was under fire.

In 1866, the year after the close of the war, Captain Taft engaged in the building business with his brother-in-law, Charles H. Mead, under the firm name of Mead & Taft, employing from eighteen to twenty hands. In 1906 the company had in its employ over five hundred men, a majority of whom were skilled mechanics. Its plant at Cornwall Landing, on the west bank of the Hudson, is one of the most complete and extensive of its kind in the State. The building operations of the firm have extended from Northern New Hampshire to San Antonio, Texas. Since 1866 it has erected some eight hundred or nine hundred buildings, nearly all of which have been expensive structures. In the building up and successful management of this extensive business Captain Taft has been the leading factor.

In 1883 a movement looking to the incorporation of the village of Cornwall was defeated. Two years later the proposition was again brought before the people and carried, and Captain Taft was elected the first president of the newly incorporated village, and was retained in office until 1889. Immediately on assuming office he put in operation a system of road improvement which in less than two years gave to Cornwall the reputation of having the best streets of any village in the county. Under a changed administration the taxpayers soon became dissatisfied, Captain Taft was petitioned to again stand for president, and in 1891 was elected without opposition, serving until 1895.

Realizing that the natural beauties of the Highlands of the Hudson were at last awakening public interest, Captain Taft began several years ago, as opportunity offered, the purchase of lands in the Storm King region, where he now owns several rather extensive tracts, which it is believed will at no distant day be so improved as to enhance the attractiveness of his native town.

He was married in 1881 to Mary G., eldest daughter of Dr. James E. Knapp, of Marlborough, Ulster County, N. Y. They have two sons, Thomas Knapp Taft and Royal M. Taft.

WILLIAM G. TAGGART, for many years county clerk of Orange County, was born in Newburgh, N. Y., November 20, 1856. After graduating from the academy he engaged with his father, Archibald Taggart, in the meat business. In 1891 he resigned the postmastership of Newburgh to accept the office of clerk of Orange County, to which he had been elected, and was re-elected in 1894, 1897 and 1900. He is a member of several secret societies, including Newburgh Lodge, F. and A. M.; Highland Chapter, R. A. M., and Hudson River Commandery, K. T.

Mr. Taggart is secretary of the Orange County Traction Company.

H. R. TAYLOR, of Pine Bush, N. Y., who conducts an extensive trade in lumber, building materials, etc., established this business in 1895. His father, Archibald R. Taylor, was a native of Ulster County, and in 1849 located in Pine Bush, where he purchased a large tract of land, and began the erection of buildings. He was largely identified with the prosperity of this village and associated with its business interests. In 1856 he married Miss Mary, daughter of John Colwell Rainey, of Crawford. The following children were born: Archibald, Hamilton R., Emily, Anne and John C, now state senator.

GEORGE W. TEN EYCK was born in Rockland County, N. Y., May 8, 1824. His mother, Mary Youmans Ten Eyck, died December 4, 1884, in the ninetieth year of her age. David Ten Eyck, his father, was a cooper by trade, and a descendant of the early settlers by that name, who came from Holland, locating in Rockland County, some of them serving in the Revolutionary struggle. When George was a mere lad his father died, and the boy was bound out to service until he was twenty-one years old to a farmer near Sugar Loaf. He served his apprenticeship and in the course of a few years the thrifty young farmer had accumulated a fine farm of one hundred and thirty-two acres. It was on this farm (known as Maple Grove farm for years) that he reared his family, remaining there during the remainder of his life, nearly half a century, his demise occurring December 13, 1900. Mr. Ten Eyck was a self-made man, he secured an ordinary education, was noted for his integrity and just dealing, was engaged in various enterprises outside of his farm, and much of his means he lost by helping others, endorsing notes, etc. He was endowed with great muscular strength, having performed many lifting feats in his earlier life. He was always a staunch republican, working hard for the cause. He married Christien Peterson, of Warwick, January 11, 1850, a most estimable woman, who passed away on her seventieth birthday, February 7, 1897. Five children were the result of this union, Coe H., who owns the Valley House, Greenwood Lake; Hutson G., deceased at thirty-eight, was a noted architect for several years previous to his death at Newark, N. J.; George W., a carpenter and builder at Elizabeth, N. J.; Mary L., wife of Francis G. Knapp, and Andrew, both residing at their home, "The Anchorage," at Middletown.

FLOYD E. TETHER was born February 22, 1872, on a farm between Amity and Edenville, Orange County. He attended the Warwick Academy after leaving the district school, and then took a course in Eastman's Business College at Poughkeepsie. Soon afterward he became identified with the Clyde Steamship Company of New York City, with which he remained one year, and then clerked in a general store in Edenville two years. He entered into a mercantile partnership in 1894 with G. S. Everett at Florida, Orange County, where they conducted a general store. In the fall of 1896 C. M. Knapp, of Goshen, purchased Mr. Everett's interest and the firm became Tether & Knapp. This partnership continued until March, 1900, when Mr. Tether became the sole proprietor. He is a member of the Presbyterian Church and of Warwick Lodge No. 544, F. and A. M. Mr. Tether was married to Mary A. Knapp, of Pine Island, Orange County, February 4, 1896. They have four children, James E., Clifford F., Russell K. and Beatrice M. Mr. Tether's parents were Edward J. and Sarah A. Tether. Their children are Floyd E., Eva J., who married Louis B. Williams, of Florida, and Harry L., who is a farmer on the homestead. A daughter, Hannah, died in her sixteenth year. The father died July 17, 1907. The mother is still living. They resided on the homestead over forty years.

REV. JOHN TETREAU is pastor of the Church of St. Mary, Washingtonville, N. Y. Previous to 1872 this parish was under the direction of Newburgh pastors, but in that year a small chapel was built and Father Keogh paid monthly visits. He was followed by Father Mackin, and then came Rev. William Ward, who was the real founder of the congregation and continued until 1887, when Rev. Henry J. Gordon, of Cornwall, was given charge of the mission until 1892. Fathers Carr, Hannigan and Ward, of Chester, were the next pastors until 1898. The parish was then re-annexed to Cornwall, and Father Currie given charge until May, 1901, to be followed by Father Fenton until October 4, 1902, when Rev. John Tetreau became resident pastor, and it is due to his energy and management that the parishioners now have a beautiful place of worship. During his first year he enlarged the home from one room to a commodious rectory. This was followed by the erection of modern sheds with accommodations for forty carriages. August 5, 1906, the cornerstone was laid by Father Sally, of Newburgh, for the enlargement of the church from 40 by 23 feet to 76 by 41 feet--the dedication ceremonies occurring July 16, 1907. This church is equipped with a fine pipe organ, comfortable pews and heated by steam. Father Tetreau was born and educated in Canada. Since 1889 his pastorates have been in the United States. For twelve years he was connected with St. Jean Baptiste Church in New York. He is much beloved by his parishioners, for whom he has accomplished such extensive improvements. He also has charge of the Maybrook mission.

WILLIAM THAYER was one of Newburgh's oldest and most successful merchants. He came there from Brooklyn, Conn., in 1809. His ancestors came from England in 1636 and settled in Massachusetts, where their descendants have been among the most prominent men of that State. As recorded in history this family dates back in England many centuries, and were people of wealth and influence, holding offices of trust, and having towns named in their honor.

John Thayer, William's brother, came with him to Newburgh. John never married. William married in 1812 Elizabeth Carpenter, daughter of Leonard and Bridget (Belknap) Carpenter, and grand-daughter of Captain Isaac Belknap. Their children were William L., unmarried; John S., married Catharine Stearns; Elijah Carpenter married Mary J. Morrison, daughter of Hamilton Morrison, of Montgomery, N. Y.; Charles F. married Anna F. Miller; Anna B. married Henry Dolson; Elizabeth C. married O. L. Sypher; George A. and Caroline M., unmarried.

In 1826 William Thayer built a house on the corner of Montgomery and Second streets, where he lived until 1837, when he retired from active business life and removed to his large estate of three hundred acres on the heights of Balmville. There he built a large stone mansion, one of the finest and most substantial homes in that section of the county; as it stood on a bluff it commanded a magnificent river view for miles. There he lived until his death in 1855.

John Thayer died in 1861. Both of these men, having been very fortunate in business, accumulated fortunes. They were progressive and very influential in their time and place, and were held in the highest esteem by all who knew them.

The descendants of William Thayer are his daughter, Mrs. O. L. Sypher, the only member of the family now living; his grandchildren are the children of John S., living in Los Angeles, Cal.; the children of Charles F., living in Washington, D. C.; the Thayer family at Burnside and Mrs. Elmer Tibbetts, of Newburgh; children of Elijah C. and Mrs. Marsh, daughter of Mrs. Sypher, of East Orange, N. J.

ALEXANDER THOMPSON, a prominent farmer in the town of Crawford, Orange County, was a son of Augustus and Catherine (Hunter) Thompson, was born on the homestead near Thompson Ridge in 1850, and died January 17, 1908. He was afforded the opportunity to secure a good education and in 1871 graduated from Williams College with the degree of A.B.

Mr. Thompson married Miss Abbie Beattie and they are the parents of seven children. He was for fifteen years an elder in the Hopewell Presbyterian Church. The family resides on the ancestral acres. Augustus Thompson, the father of our subject, was for many years identified with public affairs in Orange County. He filled the offices both of bank and railroad director and was one of the bonding commissioners of the town of Crawford, until his death in 1874. In 1849 and 1850 he was supervisor and in 1865 was elected justice of the peace.

CHARLES HUDSON THOMPSON was born November 11, 1877. His parents are Horace Decker and Sarah (Millspaugh) Thompson. He received his early education at a private school at Goshen, known as the Goshen Institute of Professor William Galdthwaite, the Middletown High School, and the University of Pennsylvania, graduating from the dental department of the latter institution in 1900. After graduating he returned to Goshen and was associated with Dr. Parker for three years. In 1903 he was interested in business in Brooklyn, N. Y., and returning to Goshen in 1904 opened a dental office. He is a member of Goshen Lodge, F. and A. M., No. 365; Midland Chapter No. 240; Cypress Commandery No. 67; and Ajamoore Chapter, Order Eastern Star. For three years he has been a member of the board of governors of Goshen Social Athletic Association, and is assistant foreman of the Cataract Fire Company; member of Second District Dental Society; also a charter member of the Ninth Judicial Dental Society. In politics Dr. Thompson is a republican.

JAMES RENWICK THOMPSON, JR., attorney of Newburgh, N. Y., was born in Newburgh, 1874. He is a graduate of the academy, and the law department of Cornell University, with the degree of LL.B., in 1896, and was admitted to the bar in 1897.

Mr. Thompson married Miss Julia, daughter of James Dickey, in 1906. He is a son of Rev. J. R. and Mary F. (Lawson) Thompson. Rev. Dr. Thompson has been pastor of Westminster Church, Newburgh, N. Y., since 1856.

WILLIAM M. THOMPSON was born in Hamptonburgh, September 20, 1865, on what was known as the Charles M. Thompson farm. He married Mary H. Corwin, daughter of W. S. and Cornelia Corwin, of New York City. Mr. and Mrs. Thompson have had four children, one of whom died at the age of four. Those living are: Ruth, aged fourteen; William M., Jr., and Roland Harlon. Mr. Thompson is a democrat, and has been elected town collector three times. He is a member of Grange No. 950 of Hamptonburgh, trustee and clerk of the Presbyterian Church at Campbell Hall, and trustee, secretary and treasurer of the Hamptonburgh Cemetery Association. For ten years he has been energetic and useful in local and church work.

JOHN W. THORN was born in Mount Hope, February 17, 1864. After his education in the district and a private school, he engaged in the feed and coal trade, and in 1894 started a creamery near Middletown, which he recently sold, and is now conducting a creamery at Westtown, N. Y. He is a member of Hoffman Lodge No. 412, F. and A. M.; Midland Chapter No. 420, R. A. M.; Cypress Commandery No. 67, K. T.; and of the Commercial Travelers' Middletown Council. His father is A. D. Thorn, a Mount Hope farmer, and his mother's maiden name was Lucinda Moore.

HON. HOWARD THORNTON, attorney of Newburgh, N. Y., was born on Governors' Island, New York Harbor, on February 25, 1849, where his father, General William A. Thornton, was stationed at the time.

Mr. Thornton comes of old Revolutionary stock. His paternal grandfather was Major John Thornton, of the Continental and Revolutionary Army, and his paternal grandmother was a daughter of Colonel Samuel Clyde, of Cherry Valley. Matthew Thornton, one of the signers, was an uncle of his grandfather. On his mother's side his ancestors run back to the De Witts, who were prominent in the Revolutionary period in the Hudson Valley.

Mr. Thornton attended the public schools of New York City, and the College of the City of New York. Later he entered Union College, from which he graduated in 1872. He entered the office of Eugene A. Brewster, of Newburgh, as a law student in the year of his graduation, and subsequently the Albany Law School, from which he graduated in 1874. Returning to the office of Mr. Brewster he remained there until 1883, when he opened his present office.

A staunch republican, Mr. Thornton has long been identified with its affairs in this city. In 1891 he was elected a member of assembly from the first assembly district of Orange County, and re-elected in 1892 and 1893. During his third term he was chairman of the judiciary committee of the assembly.

He has been prominently connected with the Masonic organizations of Newburgh; is president of the board of trustees of Washington's Headquarters in Newburgh; a member of the board of education of that city, and vice-president of the National Bank of Newburgh.

SAMUEL V. TIDD was born February 1, 1842. His parents were John and Hulda Tidd. Five children were born to this union. Samuel acquired his education at the district school and in after years became a mechanic. He enlisted in the 124th Regiment, the famous "Orange Blossoms," September 2, 1862, and was engaged in many important battles. He was taken prisoner in 1864 and confined in the Andersonville prison for eleven months. He married Harriet Reeves, of Howells, N. Y., March 6, 1866; five children were born to this union, Addie L., born February 25, 1867; Harriet E., born August 26, 1868; Nettie W., born March 17, 1870; Elizabeth, born February 10, 1872; John S., born October 23, 1873. Nettie is the wife of Harry Miller, of Middletown, N. Y., and John married Julia McWhinnie, of New York City. Mr. Tidd is a republican, has been collector of the school district four terms and constable one term. He is a member of Lyon Post, G. A. R., No. 266, of Middletown, N. Y.

CHARLES E. TOWER, postmaster at Maybrook and member of the firm of Tower Brothers, general merchants, is a native of Oneida County, N. Y., where his brother Fred. W. was also born. Their father, Albert Tower, moved to Orange County in 1870, locating at Campbell Hall, where he was engaged in the milk business for twenty-five years. He established the store at Maybrook in 1889, where he served as postmaster fourteen years. He also held the office of justice of the peace for three years. His death occurred in 1904. Inheriting the industry and enterprise of their father the Tower brothers are numbered among the progressive business men of Orange County. They are members of the Order of United American Mechanics.

THOMAS POWELL TOWNSEND, son of Jacob P. and Mary Ann (Barrett) Townsend, was born at Milton, Ulster County, N. Y., November 26, 1836. His father was a prosperous merchant of Milton, and young Thomas remained in his employ acquiring the requisite training for a successful business career until 1860, when he located in Newburgh and engaged in wholesale merchandise and general freighting business until 1876, when with the exception of a period in 1881, in which he was interested in the wholesale grocery house of James A. Townsend & Co., he has lived in comparative retirement. Mr. Townsend has steadfastly declined to hold public office, directorships, membership in clubs and fraternal organizations, preferring to enjoy the seclusion and privacy of his home. He married Mary Augusta, daughter of Hon. George Clark. They have one daughter, now Mrs. Florence C., wife of Charles T. McKenzie, married October 22, 1890.

FRANK T. AND A. G. TRIPP, publishers of _The News of the Highlands_ at Highland Falls, N. Y., established this bright weekly eight-page newspaper, March, 1891. A valuable feature of the paper is the chronicling of the news of West Point. A modern job printing plant is also conducted, and it has a large advertising patronage in Newburgh.

Messrs. Tripp are from the State of Ohio, and their progressive western spirit is apparent in the management of the enterprise in their adopted village.

JOHN TURL'S SONS--This company occupies the buildings in South Water street, Newburgh, formerly known as the Washington Iron Works. The business consists chiefly of general machine and boiler shop work. The company deals extensively in sugar machinery, railroad tracks, rails and industrial cars. They employ a force of one hundred men. The industry was founded in New York City in 1845 by John Turl and the works removed to Newburgh in 1905. The officers of the company are Joseph H. Turl, president; Charles H. Pratt, secretary; Harry C. Turl, treasurer.

HIRAM TUTHILL, born November 30, 1837, in Elmira, Chemung County, N. Y., attended school there until sixteen years old, when he moved to Chester, Orange County, and became clerk for Charles S. and J. B. Tuthill. This was in February, 1854, and in May, 1855, he changed to clerk in the Chester Bank, and remained there as bookkeeper and teller thirteen years. He then went to his birthplace, Elmira, and was in the dry goods business there a year, when he returned to Chester and purchased the dry goods and grocery business of Tuthill & Jackson, which he carried on from 1869 to 1900. In August of the latter year he was elected president of the Chester Bank, and still holds the responsible position. He married Miss Pauline W. Conklin, of Elmira, February 24, 1869, and their only son, Leddra W. C. Tuthill, is engaged in an advertising business in New York City. There was another son, who died in December, 1879, at the age of ten. Mrs. Tuthill died March 15, 1903. Mr. Tuthill has been active and energetic in local public affairs as well as his more private mercantile and banking pursuits.

HARRY TWEDDLE, son of John and Phoebe (Comfort) Tweddle, was born in the town of Montgomery, Orange County, N. Y., in 1868. He obtained his education at the schools of Montgomery, and is now engaged in the cultivation of a farm of two hundred acres.

Mr. Tweddle is master of the Montgomery Grange, and a director of the Patrons of Husbandry Fire Insurance Company of Ulster and Orange Counties. Mr. Tweddle married Miss Mary E. Burch and they are the parents of two children, John P. and Robert K.

GARRETT H. TYMESON, postmaster at Otisville, N. Y., was born February 22, 1847, at Wayne County, Pa. His parents were Truman and Elsie Tymeson. His father was one of the pioneer lumbermen locating in Pennsylvania when the lumber interests were at their best. He was identified many years with this business, retiring in 1866. Garrett attended the district school in his locality, after which he attended the academy at Monticello. His early life was spent in the lumber business, after which he entered the mercantile business. He was married May 2, 1871, to Miss Mary Carey, of Middletown, N. Y. Four children were born to this union, one still living. Howard, born September 6, 1872, married Miss Mary Dempsey, and now resides in Paterson, N. J.

Mr. Tymeson went west in the spring of 1877, settling at Frederick, Kans., remaining there twenty years. He served eight years as justice of the peace at that place. In 1897 he returned to New York State, locating at Otisville, Orange County, was appointed postmaster July 11, 1899, and still holds that position. In 1907 the Otisville post-office was made a third-class office. In politics he is a republican. He is a member of the Otisville Presbyterian Church. Socially, he is a member of Hoffman Lodge No. 412, F. and A. M., of Middletown, N. Y. His son Harry died in infancy; Arthur married Helen Clark, of Middletown, and died March 31, 1905; and Elsie, wife of Dr. L. A. Summers, of Wheaton, Kans., died August 2, 1902. Their one son Waller resides with Mr. Tymeson.

BENJAMIN F. VAIL, supervisor of the town of Warwick, N. Y., was born October 23, 1843, at Chester, Orange County. His early education was obtained at the district school and the Seward Institute at Florida, N. Y. He moved to Honesdale, Pa., where he remained for three years, engaging in the dry goods business. In 1868 he removed to Warwick, entering the grocery business, and later engaging in general merchandise. He was postmaster at Warwick during the Cleveland administration. In 1890 he purchased the business of R. and R. J. Wisner, dealers in lumber, paints, etc. This concern was established in 1884. Mr. Vail was married to Miss Jane C. Cline, December 31, 1868, of Warwick. Two children were born to this union, Cora C. and Pauline F. Mr. Vail takes an active interest in matters pertaining to Warwick. He is a member of Warwick Lodge, F. and A. M., No. 544.

HARRY VAIL was born at New Milford, Orange County, N. Y. He attended the district school there and at Amity, and then engaged in the meat business at Amity. He continued this two years, and bought a small farm of thirty-five acres at New Milford, and leased the Sutton farm of one hundred and sixty acres, which he purchased in 1903. He is one of the most extensive peach growers in Orange County, having 9,000 trees. June 15, 1899, he married Miss Celia Utter, daughter of J. W. Utter, of Amity. Their children's names are Harry, Jr., Roy and Emily. Mr. Vail, in his specialty of fruit growing, has been successful, and therefore prosperous. He is secretary of Warwick Lodge No. 544, F. and A. M.

JOHN CARPENTER VAIL was born in Chester, Orange County, May 13, 1846, and educated in the Chester district school and academy. He was clerk for Dr. C. P. Smith about a year, and then at D. H. Roe's grocery two years. Next he was in the commission business in New York City two years, when he returned to Orange County, and in Warwick engaged in the occupation of breeding high-class hunting dogs, for which, he obtained a somewhat exclusive trade in the metropolis and elsewhere, his specialty being English setters.

Some of his dogs are shipped to Cuba, Halifax, California, Florida and other parts of the United States. He married Mary Reed Van Duzer, of Warwick, April 6, 1864. Their three children are Hazel Clark, Christine Reed and Robert Cornell.

WILLETT VAIL, of Florida, N. Y., was born at Hughsonville, Dutchess County, now known as Fishkill-on-Hudson, July 11, 1848. He obtained his early education at the district school, later attending a private school at Hughsonville. He learned the mason trade at Poughkeepsie, and later worked on the State Hospital at Middletown, N. Y. From Middletown he came to Florida, where he has since resided and for twenty years conducted his business. He married Georgiana Eliza Thompson, of Florida, when twenty-seven years of age. Four children have been born by this union; two died in infancy. Those surviving are: Hattie E., wife of LeRoy Davis, of New York City, and Ira V. K., now of New York City. Mr. Vail is a member of the American Society of Equity and was commissioner of highways of Warwick township one year. He erected the Vail opera house at Florida in 1895, and this, the only amusement place in Florida, enjoys a good business. Both his father and mother died of old age, each being nearly eighty years of age at their death. There are eight children in his parents' family still living. Mr. Vail has taken an active interest in matters pertaining to the welfare and betterment of the village of Florida.

AYMAR VAN BUREN, who has been a resident of New Windsor, Orange County, since 1851, was born in New York City, January 10, 1837. Mr. Van Buren, as his name indicates, is of Holland descent. His great-grandfather, his grandfather and his father, Colonel John D. Van Buren, were all natives of the American metropolis.

He was educated at public and private schools, and began business life in 1862, by purchasing a portion of the farm property of Edmund Morton, of the town of New Windsor. In 1863 he married Miss Margaret, daughter of Mr. Morton. They resided on this farm of ninety acres until 1882, when Mr. Van Buren sold out and became a resident of the old Morton homestead.

He is a firm believer in the principles of the Democratic party, and although not an office-seeker, he has for years been very active in the public affairs of the town. He has been trustee of School District No. 1 since 1871; has served as a member of the board of health, and for many years was road master. In religious matters he is a member of the Episcopal Church, serving as warden, vestryman and treasurer.

JOSEPH VAN CLEFT, merchant and banker, Newburgh, N. Y., was born in the town of New Windsor, Orange County, 1836. The Van Cleft family were early settlers in Minisink Valley. His mother was a member of the Cooper family of Blooming Grove. From 1855 to 1860 he was employed in the hardware trade in New York City, and for two years following pursued the same business in Kansas City, Mo. In 1863 he returned to Newburgh and established his present hardware and agricultural implement business. Upon the organization of the Columbus Trust Company in 1892 he was chosen vice-president, and since 1896 has served as president of that institution. He was one of the original members of the board of trade and for a number of years was member of the consistory of the American Reformed Church. In 1869 he married Edwina Storey Smith, grand-daughter of Judge Storey. She died April, 1891.

ISAAC VAN DUSER, the Pioneer of the Ramapo Pass, by Elizabeth Crissey Van Duzer--The beautiful country along the Ramapo River between Sloatsburg and Suffern, is well known to Orange County people. It is wild and beautiful still, though the mills have been running there more than a century, and the Erie trains through the valley for sixty-six years.

Nearly two hundred years, with their attendant changes, have passed over that region since Isaac Van Duser--the first white man to settle in the Ramapo Pass--came from Tappan and located with his family in the "Throat of the Cloff," as that narrow part of the valley was then called.

He bought four hundred acres that John Van Blarcum had recently purchased of the Indians, and there built his homestead. East and west rose the mountains densely wooded, and the narrow valley was filled with the music of the little river. Here, he lived in the midst of the forest, the Indians his only neighbors, and began his work of opening up the Pass, which proved to be the natural entrance to the Orange County of to-day.

His son, Isaac, Jr., and his wife, were living there in 1724. Isaac, Jr., afterward purchased the Van Gelder tract which joined the Van Duser land, and extended northward. When he came in possession of his father's land, he became owner of the whole valley from the Romopock line below Ramapo to Stony Brook, north of Sloatsburg.

He was living there with a large family just at the time the present Orange County was being settled, principally by people from Southern Orange County--now Rockland. As the young settlers came up through the Pass, Isaac Van Duser was able to supply each one with a wife until his ten daughters were all married. They were the maternal ancestors of many old Orange County families.

Wieberch married Benjamin Demarest. Agnes married Samuel Sidman, to whom Isaac Van Duzer deeded the original homestead--the Van Blarcum tract. The valley was called "Sidman's Pass" during the Revolution, and the fortifications there--"The Post at Sidman's."

Marietje married Steven Sloat, to whom Isaac transferred the Van Colder tract, upon which they founded Sloatsburg. Their son John was killed in the Revolution. His son, John Drake Sloat, was Rear Admiral of the United States Navy. He took possession of the territory now called California for the United States at the beginning of the Mexican War. His monument stands at Monterey.

Leah married a Galloway and located further up the Pass. Autie married Major Zachariah DuBois (Woodhull's Regiment). Mary was the wife of Lieutenant William Roe (same regiment). Martha married Mr. Rose; Elizabeth, a LaRoy; Catherine an exiled Polish nobleman named Zobrisky; and Jane married Mr. Williams.

Before 1748 Isaac Van Duser bought the Andrew Nicolls patent at Cornwall, and afterward moved there with his three sons, Isaac, Jr., Tjerck and Christopher. In 1772 he divided this land equally among the three. The whole family appear to have been living on the patent during the Revolution. Erskine's map, made for General Washington's use, shows the location of Van Duzer's house at Cornwall. His son, Isaac, Jr., had sons, Isaac 3rd, Adolphus and Benjamin. Alexander Van Duser, of Gardiner, N. Y., is a descendant of Isaac 3rd, and Letitia Mills. Adolphus moved to Sullivan County. Benjamin has descendants near Cornwall.

Tjerck had wife Catherine. His family has not been traced. Christopher was captain in Colonel Woodhull's Cornwall Regiment. He was commissioned September, 1775, and served all through the war. He was at Fort Montgomery at different times, served at Haverstraw, Ramapo and in the Jerseys, at New Windsor, Butter Hill, Nicolls Point and eight weeks at Fishkill. He was stationed at West Point immediately after Arnold's treason was discovered. He was described by his neighbors as "an ardent, zealous Whig." He married first Juliana Strong, who left one child, the wife of Jacob Mandeville. Their daughter married first Nathaniel DuBois Woodhull, second Joseph Young.

Captain Van Duzer married second Juliana Tusten, sister of Lieutenant-Colonel Tusten, who was killed at Minisink. In 1807 they moved to Warwick, having purchased the farm where the fourth generation of their descendants now live.

They had sons Isaac, Benjamin Tusten, William, John and Selah and six daughters, Elizabeth, Ann, Mary and Susan were the wives of Selah Reeve, Nathan Wescott, Ebenezer Crissey and John Dolson, respectively.

Christopher's son Isaac was prominent in business at Cornwall. Afterward located in Warwick, where his grand-daughter, Mary Burt, now lives. His daughter Juliette, married Colonel Wheeler. He had a son, Isaac Reve, a member of the Legislature, and a very gifted lawyer of Goshen. J. W. Gott, of that place, is his descendant. Benjamin has no descendants living. William moved to Chemung County and left a large family. John was a member of the Legislature. He had sons Joseph Benedict, of Bellvale; Charles Reeve, of Warwick, and James, whose descendants live in Illinois. Of John's seven daughters two died young. Lanor died unmarried. Harriet Fancher, Mary Lazear and Nancy Fish left descendants in Dundee, N. Y. Julia Ann married Abner Benedict, of Warwick.

Selah was a banker in New York. He left a large family. The late S. R. Van Duzer, of Newburgh, was one of his sons.

The farm of Captain Christopher Van Duzer at Warwick, descending from father to son, has been the home of Christopher, John, Charles Reeve and George Morehouse (the present owner), who Has a son, Christopher Tusten. At this old homestead on April 25, 1907, was celebrated the one hundredth anniversary of the founding of the Van Duzer family in Warwick.

Shadrack Van Duzer lived in Cornwall during the Revolution. His two sons, Isaac and Henry, served in Captain Van Duzer's company. Henry's grandson, 'Squire Henry Van Duzer, of Cornwall, still lives on a part of the land bought by Isaac Van Duzer in 1748, and has the original patent in his possession.

Shadrack is supposed to be a descendant of Isaac of Ramapo, though no proof can as yet be found. On the other hand, several grandchildren of his son Isaac, who married Martha Tusten and moved to Goshen, claim that Shadrack came from Holland when his son Isaac was twelve years of age, that is, 1767. This may be true, as no record of him in Cornwall or elsewhere has been found prior to that date, though I have searched for it during the past ten years and will now leave the question to his descendants, who are very numerous in Orange County, to determine for themselves.

Isaac Van Duzer, of Ramapo, was a grandson of Abraham Pietersen Van Deursen, the original ancestor of the Van Dusen and Van Duzer families in America. We find him mentioned first in a Holland document complaining of the English, which says: "They encroach westerly below Cape Cod, on the Dutch limits, absorbing Rhode Island and Martin's Vineyard, howbeit possession had been taken thereof for this Company in 1636 by Abraham Pietersen Van Deursen."

He was the miller of New Amsterdam in 1638, one of the "Twelve Men" in 1641, was afterward elected one of the "Eight Men," and was also a Burgher. In 1664 he took the oath of Allegiance to England.

HENRY VAN DUZER, justice of the peace of the town of Cornwall, resides on a farm near Cornwall Station. Mr. Van Duzer is a descendant of one of Orange County's old and prominent families. His great grandfather, Isaac Van Duzer, secured the patent to the homestead farm in Cornwall in 1735. This document is in the possession of Henry Van Duzer, who has been identified with public affairs in his native town for thirty-five years. He was born in 1835 and educated at public and private schools. His father, John S. Van Duzer, died in 1830 and Henry learned the trade of piano maker, which he followed for a number of years both in this section and in the west. He has served thirty years as justice of the peace; three years justice of sessions; thirteen years as U. S. loan commissioner, and one term as supervisor. In 1860 he married Miss Catherine Cox and three children were born to them; his son, Henry J., is agent for the Erie Railroad at Cornwall Station.

JAMES HARRY VAN DUZER, son of Isaac Van Duzer and Mary Case, was born in the town of Chester, N. Y., December 12, 1839. At the age of eighteen he entered as clerk in a general store with the firm of Woodhull and Vandervort at the corner store, Warwick, N. Y.; he became a member of that firm in 1864; he succeeded to the business in 1873, continuing until 1883; in 1884 he engaged in the wholesale hardware business at Newburgh, N. Y.; in 1895 William E. Sayer and F. Clinton Van Duzer (his son) became members of the firm, and it is known as J. H. Van Duzer & Co. He was married to Sarah A. Taylor December 20, 1865. daughter of Isaac Taylor and Margaret Smith, Warwick, N. Y. Their children are Ella T. (deceased), F. Clinton and Marie L., wife of Thomas Welling.

DR. SOLOMON VAN ETTEN, one of the most prominent physicians and surgeons in the county, was born in the town of Deer Park, Orange County, N. Y., July 30, 1829. He was the son of Levi Van Etten and Eleanor Carpenter.

The family was of Dutch descent and the doctor was of the eighth generation in the direct line, from Jacob Van Etten, who came from North Brabant, Holland, about 1656, and located at Wiltwyck, now Kingston, N. Y. He grew up on the farm, attended the district school, and later the Farmers' Hall Academy at Goshen, and was graduated from the Albany Medical College, June 12, 1855.

Locating in Port Jervis, he soon acquired a fine practice, but when the Civil War broke out the traditions of the family and the staunch loyalty and patriotism which had been its characteristic for generations would not permit him to stay at home.

His two grandfathers, Levi Van Etten and Benjamin Carpenter, served in the Third Orange County Regiment in the Revolution. His great-grandfather, Anthony Van Etten, was so active a patriot that he was killed by Tories in 1778. His great-grandfather, Johannes Decker, was the famous Major Decker who protected the frontier of the southern part of the State throughout the Revolution, and his grandmother, Margaret Decker, was one of the children at school in the old log schoolhouse, near the farm house where the doctor was born, on that July day when Brandt surprised them at their lessons and killed and scalped their teacher. He entered the service September 3, 1861, as surgeon of the Fifty-sixth Regiment of New York Volunteers. He rose step by step from regimental surgeon to the rank of division surgeon of the Third Division of the Eighteenth Army Corps. After the war he returned to Port Jervis.

On September 7, 1865, he was united in marriage with Maria, daughter of Nathan Bristol, of Waverly, N. Y.

Two children were born of this union, Dr. Nathan B. Van Etten, a practicing physician in New York City, and Eleanor B. Van Etten, who resides with her mother in Port Jervis.

Dr. Van Etten died suddenly at his home in Port Jervis, July 7, 1894, from concussion of the brain, the result of a fall.

CHARAC J. VAN INWEGAN was born April 14, 1851, in the town of Deer Park. He has always followed merchandising, succeeding to the business which his father established in Huguenot, which he still carries on. In 1880 he opened a store in Port Jervis in connection with his brother, John C., who took charge of the latter establishment. Charac J. has dealt extensively in wood and each season has shipped thousands of cords to New York. For a time he owned the Huguenot Springs Hotel, and he owns two store buildings in Port Jervis, N. Y. He has been twice married. His first wife was Catherine, daughter of Isaac and Catherine (Rose) Cuddeback, and after her death he married Ellen S., daughter of Peter P. Swartwout. By the first union one son was born, Willard. The children of the second marriage are Lyman C., Harold B., Allen J. and Ralph S. Mr. Van Inwegan is a member of the Masonic Lodge of Port Jervis. In politics he is a democrat and has served as postmaster at Huguenot for some years. His wife is a member of the Reformed Church.

HENRY NEWTON VAN KEUREN, son of Henry L. and Eleanor (Crawford) Van Keuren, was born in the town of Shawangunk, Ulster County, N. Y., in 1842. Mr. Van Keuren was educated at the district schools of his native place, and at the age of twenty-seven engaged in business in the town of Crawford, Orange County.

In 1869 Mr. Van Keuren married Helen, only daughter of John Hill, Jr. She died in 1870. In 1873 he married Miss Catherine Ronk, of the town of Crawford, who died in Newburgh in 1888. Mr. Van Keuren acquired a competency in business and lived for many years in retirement in Newburgh. He was fond of travel and visited all the countries of Europe, Egypt and the Holy Land, and made a tour around the world in 1897-1898. He died in Germany in 1907.

Mr. Van Keuren's ancestors came from Holland in 1864, and were among the early settlers of New York. The homestead in Ulster County, in which four generations were born, was a house of shelter and refuge in the days of contests with the Indians.

CLARENCE C. VAN NESS was born in Edenville, Orange County, March 28, 1869, and after finishing his schooling was in the meat business for six years, and then engaged in the milk business. He has become a breeder of fine horses. His father, John J. Van Ness, died in 1891, aged seventy-three, and his mother, whose maiden name was Anna A. Barrett, died in 1904, aged sixty-three. The father had been a hotel man in Edenville twenty-seven years. A daughter, Mamie E., is the wife of John F. Knapp, of Newark, N. J.

JOHN W. VAN NESS was born in Bellvale, Orange County, October 29, 1852; was educated in the district school, and then assisted his father, Peter Van Ness, who was a wheelwright until he died in 1884, when John continued the business. For eight years he was a partner of John Hazen in the Hotel Windemere at Greenwood Lake, and was postmaster four years by appointment of President Harrison. Hazen & Van Ness purchased George E. Reed's general store in Warwick and continued it four years. He then came to Warwick and leased the Demorest Stables, and after seven years, in 1900, bought the Campbell and Longwell Stables with five horses and is now running them with forty-five horses and at the same time interesting himself in agricultural pursuits. On December 9, 1880, he married Miss Mary A. Hazen, of Greenwood Lake. They have one child, Maud, born September 23, 1881, who is at home. Mr. Van Ness was collector of the town of Warwick one year.

WILLIAM VAN NESS was born April 26, 1836, at Pompton, N. J. His father was Peter S. and mother Eliza Jane (Brown) Van Ness. There were twelve children in his parents' family. William came with his parents to Warwick, this county, when three years of age. The father was a farmer and took an interest in matters pertaining to the democratic party. He acquired his early education at the district school and Warwick Academy. At an early age he learned the butchers' trade and followed the business for thirty-two years. He married Miss Jane Stidworthy, of Warwick. She was of English parentage and came to America with her parents when three years old. There were two children born to this union, Emma B., wife of Harry J. Bogart, of Passaic, N. J., and Sarah Ann, wife of Burt Edsall, of Goshen. In 1900 Mr. Van Ness sold his business and removed to Goshen, where he purchased the Orange Hotel, which he still conducts.

SAMUEL C. VAN VLIET, JR., was born in the town of Blooming Grove, December 29, 1833, and reared upon a farm until seventeen years of age. Subsequently he was a clerk and later was in business in a general store under the firm name of Seaman & Van Vliet, of Monroe. In March, 1861, he came to Oxford Depot and has been engaged in merchandising, being the principal business man of the vicinity. On December 29, 1858, Mr. Van Vliet married Miss Euphenia Jenkins, of Monroe, the youngest daughter of Ira and Millie (Smith) Jenkins. Two daughters have been born to them. Elsie J. is the wife of S. G. Lent and has one child, Helen Grace, now the wife of William H. Smith, of Chester. Effie is the wife of Fred L. Conklin, of Chester, N. Y. The Van Vliet family originated in Holland. Politically Mr. Van Vliet is a republican. For thirty years he was postmaster and is now agent for the Erie Railroad. From 1868 to 1872 he was a member of the board of supervisors of Orange County, and for twenty years an elder of the Presbyterian Church of Monroe.

DR. EDWIN R. VARCOE, one of the leading dentists of Orange County, located at Goshen, was born near Honesdale, Pa., November 4, 1850. His parents, Francis and Mary (Hocken) Varcoe, were natives of England and descendants of a long line of substantial English ancestry. Both were educated near Liskeard, in the county of Cornwall, where they grew to maturity and were married in 1846. They came to America on their wedding tour, settling in Honesdale, Pa. They engaged in farming pursuits, and remained there until their death, the father dying in 1895 and the mother in 1865. Both were devoted members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Their eight children, three sons and five daughters, are all living.

The father of Francis Varcoe, Samuel Varcoe, was an English gentleman and a landed proprietor in the county of Cornwall. The maternal grandfather of Francis Varcoe was Rev. Charles Hicks, of the Church of England. One of Samuel's sons, Rev. R. Varcoe, came to this country and filled several important charges in the Methodist Episcopal Church in Pennsylvania, where he died. The father of Mrs. Varcoe was Rev. Edward Hocken, a minister of the Church of England, who for fifty years filled important pulpits in his native land. He reared a family of seven children, of whom Edward, Jr., became a clergyman under the celebrated John Wesley in the Methodist Church, during the pioneer era of that organization.

The great-grandfather of our subject on the maternal side was Rev. William Geake, of the Church of England. The children of Francis and Mary Varcoe are as follows: Lavenia, wife of Isaiah Scudder, of Middletown, N. Y., died May, 27, 1908; Sophia, widow of Ira S. Baxter, of Wallingford, Conn.; Edwin R.; Elizabeth, wife of Frank Sagendorph, of Jersey City, died February 22, 1896; Selina; Mrs. T. Edson Harding, of Howells, N. Y.; William F., a practicing physician in New York City; Carrie, who married Herman Groffell, of Jersey City; and Charles W., a dentist of Walden, N. Y.

In 1875 Francis Varcoe married for his second wife Mrs. Elizabeth (Onger) Glenn, and they had one daughter, Kittie, now the wife of Charles Webb., of Bethany, Pa. Politically Mr. Varcoe was a republican, and was a staunch Union man during the Civil War. He was identified with the Methodist Episcopal Church. He died September 6, 1895, aged eighty years, near Honesdale, Pa.

The subject of this sketch, Dr. E. R. Varcoe, received his literary education in the schools of Wayne County and Wyoming Seminary at Kingston, Pa. At the age of twenty-one he began the study of his profession under Dr. J. W. Kesler, of Honesdale, Pa., with whom he remained for two years. He then practiced at different places in Orange County for five years. In 1880 he was graduated from the Philadelphia Dental College, carrying off the highest honors of his class and receiving the prize awarded, an S. S. White dental engine. In June, 1880, he established himself in practice in Goshen, where he has since remained.

The doctor is a trustee and member of the Presbyterian Church of Goshen. He is also an honorary member of the Second District Dental Association, the Order of Odd Fellows, Knights of Pythias and Encampment of Patriarchs. In politics he is a republican. He has made several trips to Europe, visiting Scotland, Ireland, England, France, Switzerland, Italy, Mexico, Cuba and Sandwich Islands, besides traveling in all the States and Territories in this country. For the benefit of the church and charitable interests he has frequently lectured on his travels.

HENRY O. VELTMAN, of the town of Mount Hope, was born December 31, 1847, in the town of Wallkill. His father Albert and mother Eunice (Howell) Veltman had ten children, seven girls and three boys. They are all living but one son. His father was a mason by trade. He attended the district school, where he acquired his education while assisting at home on the farm. He was in Jersey City, N. J., three years in the milk business and was engaged in teaming there for two years, when he returned to the farm. He married Miss Helen Kennedy, of Howells, Orange County. She is of Scotch descent and came to America when seventeen years of age. Mr. Veltman is a member of the Grange and a republican in politics; both he and his wife are members of the Otisville Methodist Church.

MONTGOMERY H. VERNON was born April 7, 1846, in the town of Monroe, Orange County, N. Y. His parents were Elvin and Catherine Vernon, and they had ten children. He was the ninth child, and he attended school at Satterleytown schoolhouse and Sugar Loaf, meanwhile working for his board. He worked on a farm until he was nineteen years of age, and then clerked for D. H. Roe, of Chester, one year, and Burchard & Smith nearly three years. He then engaged in the meat business at Washingtonville with W. H. Hallock. Mr. Vernon was united in marriage to Mary A. Goble, of Florida, December 20, 1870. To this union six children were born, two died in infancy. The other children are Russell M., attorney at Middletown, N. Y.; Emma A., wife of Robert W. Anderson; Sarah L., wife of Richard M. Ferries, an attorney of New York City, and George Herbert, residing at home. After Mr. Vernon's marriage he continued in the meat business and the manufacturing of brick for seventeen years, and in 1888 he disposed of the meat business. He is a large shipper of onions to all parts of the United States. Mrs. Vernon died April 27, 1906.

ANDREW K. WADE, of Walden, who conducts a stove and tinware establishment, was born at Montgomery in 1845, a son of Jabez P. and Susan (Millspaugh) Wade. This business was established by his brother, Joseph G. Wade, in 1857, who died in 1862. E. B. Tears continued the business until 1887, when our subject succeeded to it. Mr. Wade has served three terms as supervisor, and also justice of the peace and police justice. Politically he is a democrat, and a member of the Knights of Pythias. In 1879 he married Sarah Frances McVey. They have one daughter living, Frances Willard Wade.

CHARLES D. WAIT, a leading and very successful business man of Montgomery, N. Y., is a descendant of one of Orange County's old and respected families. He is a son of Thomas and Mary (Mould) Wait, and was born at the Wait homestead in the town of Montgomery. In 1887 he erected the buildings he now occupies for business purposes, dealing extensively in flour, feed, coal, lumber and cattle, his cattle trade exceeding ten carloads monthly, which he markets in New York, while his trade in hay averages eighty carloads annually. Mr. Wait is a director in the Montgomery National Bank, and an elder of the Dutch Reformed Church. In June, 1897, he married Miss Eliza Seymour, of Walden, daughter of James Seymour.

GEORGE W. WAIT, son of Thomas and Mary (Mould) Wait, was born at the homestead, where he has always resided, in 1853. This farm, which was the property of his grandfather, Samuel Wait, is situated some two miles east of Montgomery village and comprises two hundred acres of improved and valuable land. Mr. Wait has been engaged in its cultivation since finishing his studies at the Montgomery schools, and is one of the more prosperous and progressive agriculturists in the county. He is also an extensive dealer in cattle. He married Miss Cornelia, daughter of J. Egbert Kidd, a descendant of an old Orange County family. They have had two children, Charles D., Jr., who died at the age of five, and Helen Marguerite. Mr. Wait is a member of the Montgomery Grange.

DR. WESLEY WAIT, surgeon dentist of Newburgh, N. Y., was born in the Wait homestead near the village of Montgomery, Orange County, May 15, 1861. He is a son of Thomas and Mary (Mould) Wait, and a grandson of Samuel Wait, who came from Somersetshire, England, in 1821, and engaged in farming in Orange County. He married Miss Mary Welch before leaving his native land, and they became the parents of nine children, of whom Thomas was the fifth in order of birth.

Dr. Wait was educated at Montgomery Academy and a New York preparatory school, and in 1881 entered the New York College of Dentistry. Eight months later he was appointed first assistant to Professor J. B. Littig. He graduated a year ahead of his class, and has practiced continuously in Newburgh since 1885, becoming identified with a number of local enterprises.

From 1890 to 1893 Dr. Wait represented New York State in the National Association of Inventors and Manufacturers and in 1891 he represented this Congressional District at the Patent Centennial at Washington, D. C, being the inventor and owner of several valuable inventions.

In 1885 Dr. Wait married Emily S., daughter of General John A. Pawlins, chief of staff to General U. S. Grant, and ex-secretary of war. Mrs. Wait died March 25, 1897, leaving a daughter Lucille R., now the wife of Mr. John Springstead Bull. Mr. Wait chose in 1905 Miss Annie E. Knapp, daughter of Samuel T. Knapp, of New York City, for his second wife. Their mansion is located at Grand avenue and North street, overlooking the Hudson.

CHARLES N. WALTON, of Monroe, N. Y., who is engaged in the furniture and undertaking business, is a native of Pennsylvania and has resided in this village since 1901, when he purchased the business from J. T. Horrick. This business was originally established by Charles Maples. Mr. Walton is identified with many fraternal organizations, including the Masons, Odd Fellows and Knights of Pythias. He married Miss Alice Bond, also of Pennsylvania, and three children have been born to them, Raymond, Minnie and Russell.

DR. GEORGE N. WARD, dentist of Walden, was born in the town of Crawford, Orange County, N. Y., a son of James and Elizabeth (Crans) Ward. He graduated from the Montgomery Academy in 1886 and acquired his dental education in the University of Maryland. He has practiced his profession in Walden since 1895. He married Miss Bradnack, of Middletown, and they have one daughter. Possessed of literary and historical inclinations, Dr. Ward has accumulated a valuable collection of books and has many relics of aboriginal and Revolutionary days. James Ward, Sr., his grandfather, was born in the town of Newburgh in 1797. In 1826 he purchased the farm in Crawford township, which has been the homestead for two generations.

J. ERSKINE WARD, supervisor of the town of Crawford, has for many years been prominently identified with business and public affairs in this part of Orange County. He was born in this township March 4, 1864, a son of James and Elizabeth (Crans) Ward. His education was obtained at the schools of his native place and Middletown. In 1888 Mr. Ward engaged in the feed business at Thompson's Ridge, which he continued successfully for a period of ten years, when he sold the business and property to Messrs. Clark Bros. In 1898 he engaged in the hardware business at Pine Bush, in partnership with Mr. J. L. McKinney, disposing of his interest to Mr. McKinney in 1904, and shortly thereafter established his present saw-mill, which gives employment to about fifteen men. In political belief Mr. Ward is a staunch democrat. In 1900 he was appointed supervisor of the town and elected to the office in 1901, and has been continuously re-elected to the present time. In January, 1908, he was chosen chairman of the board. Socially Mr. Ward is a member of the Masonic fraternity, Sons of the American Revolution, Knights of Pythias, Maccabees and Grangers.

CORNELIUS L. WARING was born at Balmville, a suburb of Newburgh, in 1852. He read law with Judge Hirschberg, and was admitted to the bar in 1873. Later he formed a partnership with ex-District Attorney Russel Headley, which continued until 1878, when Mr. Waring was elected recorder of the city of Newburgh. He was re-elected in 1882 and again in 1886, retiring from office December 31, 1890. He served as corporation counsel of the city of Newburgh continuously from 1892, resigning the office February, 1907.

Mr. Waring is a director and attorney for many of Orange County's leading corporations. He is a member of the City Club, Powelton Club and Republican Club of the city of New York. Mr. Waring is unmarried and resides at the Palatine Hotel.

WILLIAM SAYER WATKINS was born on the homestead farm in the town of Hamptonburgh, August 3, 1820, and the date of his death was November 7, 1884. He was an energetic farmer, and lived for his neighbors as well as himself, winning their respect and esteem by his kindly and thoughtful interest in their welfare. He married Miss Emma Monell, of Hamptonburgh, September 15, 1859, and their three children are all living. Juliana B. was born July 12, 1860, and is the wife of B. Seward Carr, of Chicago; William Sayer, born November 7, 1866, lives on the homestead; John Evans, born December 25, 1867, married Anna Eliza Blake, March 9, 1905, and they have two daughters, Elizabeth, who was born January 2, 1906, and Emma Adeline, born October 1, 1907. The house on the homestead was burned in 1886, and rebuilt in 1887.

J. N. WEED was born in the hamlet of Gardnertown, town of Newburgh, November 20, 1825. He has always resided in the town, except when away at school. On April 1, 1833, the family moved from Orange Lake to North Newburgh on the west bank of the Hudson River, three and one-half miles north of the village of Newburgh. It was found to be a beautiful location, back from a fine sandy beach just far enough to escape the highest tides, with a bay extending seven or eight miles in front bounded by the mountains of the Highlands. April 1, 1833, was one of the loveliest days imaginable and the house had been reached by a road coming down from a hill, five hundred feet high, in numerous zig-zags. Such hills were new to the life of our subject, as also was the river bay and the river craft and naturally made an impression.

This continued to be the home of Mr. Weed until May, 1845, when he came to the village as a clerk of the Highland Bank. He left that bank, of which he was then teller, in January, 1852, having been appointed cashier of the Quassaick Bank, then organizing. Mr. Weed was cashier of the latter bank during its entire history and of the Quassaick National Bank of Newburgh, into which it was converted May 1, 1865, until February 4, 1895, when he was elected president and now holds that position.

The principal business events of his life have been given heretofore in the local histories. There is, however, a side to the life of this man but little known, and we propose to say something about it.

As an amateur geologist he has thoroughly explored the territory about Newburgh, a region rich in glacial and drift phenomena.

Scattered over its surface are huge blue sandstone boulders, some of extraordinary size and sure to attract the attention of even the un-observing. They are generally, but not always, scattered in _groups._

At the time of the publication of the Natural History of New York, in 1843, these and other boulders were supposed to have been transported from their source to their present place in icebergs, the glacial theory at that time being undreamed of. Now it can safely be declared established and readily explains many things involved in obscurity.

The glacial markings in the Hudson River valley are found from the present surface of the water up to the mountain tops and afford an index of some of the conditions existing on the earth at that time.

To illustrate: a surface now polished must have been a surface when the glacier did that work. There are glacial polishings very near Newburgh at the river surface and they also are found on the top of the Palisades, a trap rock thrown up from below in a molten state at some remote period of the earth's history. How long ago cannot be told, but this can be confidently said, the catastrophe of the Palisades antedated their being polished by the ice of the Great Glacier. The polished slate rocks at the surface of the present river show that the river valley then existed and that the Palisades were then, also, a geological feature of the region, as the footprints of the same artisan is left on both.

Our subject was attracted by the size and numbers of these blue stone boulders about Newburgh, and persevered in an attempt to ascertain from whence they came until success finally crowned his efforts with the sure conclusion that their source was the Marlborough Mountains, and that the explanation of their being found in groups was that they came from the precipitous cliffs of the mountains from which they were detached by the action of frost and gravity, and falling upon the ice were slowly transported by it until the ice melted and dropped its burden at the places where now found. The same natural forces continuing to act, at long intervals the falls from the cliffs would recur, the rocks take up their journey in the moving ice and find their resting place where the ice melted, and the direction and distance of these groups from the source would afford some clue to the movements of the glacier itself.

Some of these boulders are found as far south as Central Valley, and some high up on the slopes of the Cornwall Highlands, as high even as one thousand feet. Two professional geologists have gone over this ground with Mr. Weed and confirmed his conclusions. The basement walls of the Imperial Flats in South street and the stone wall built by B. Franklin Clark on the east side of the highway to Woodlawn Cemetery are of big boulder origin. Specimens of other drift rocks have been found near Newburgh and traced to their source as far north as fifty miles.

A more interesting subject, however, to Mr. Weed, is the Aurora Borealis. In the cold winter of 1837, a chum of his brother was visiting at the house and in the early part of the evening had started for home, but almost immediately came running back and in a terrified manner declared "Granny Theall's barn is on fire!" The entire household rushed to the door and confronted a scene that was indeed alarming. The landscape was covered with snow, the snow was as red as blood and the air filled with flames. The brother and his chum ran for half a mile toward Granny Theall's barn to find when it came into view that it was not the barn but the world that was on fire, at least that was the impression of most of the persons who saw this extraordinary display of the Aurora Borealis, the flames seemed so real and the danger so imminent. It made such an impression on Mr. Weed that ever since he has been a student and observer of the phenomenon.

During the sun spot maximum of 1868-1873 the Aurora occurred so frequently that in May, 1871, he resolved to keep a close nightly watch and record of his observations, and this he kept up for seven years.

In the first four months of observation forty-four Auroras were seen by Mr. Weed. The whole number of days on which Auroras were seen in the whole United States other than Newburgh was sixty-eight, and the largest number reported from any one place was twenty-five, from Duluth; followed by seventeen from Chicago, sixteen from Marquette, fifteen from Boston, fourteen from Grand Haven, fourteen from Oswego, twelve from Davenport, ten from Buffalo, ten from Burlington, nine from Detroit, eight from Rochester, nine from St. Paul, seven from Mount Washington, six from Cleveland, six from Milwaukee, six from Toledo, three from Indianapolis, New London and Portland, Me., each, two from New York, and one each from Cape May, Cheyenne, Escanala, Leavenworth, San Francisco, St. Louis, Washington, D. C, and Wilmington.

Special attention is called to the number reported at New York, only sixty miles south of Newburgh, due in part no doubt to the artificial lights of the great city.

One hundred years ago auroras were regarded as most abundant near the poles, and as very rare in our latitude, but we now know that they are most brilliant and probably most numerous in the medial zones between the poles and the equator, that is in _the zones of the earth having the greatest diurnal range of temperature,_ say, in the temperate zones on their polar sides.

Mr. Weed has been led by his observations to believe that the phenomenon is purely meteorological. In support of this view he has witnessed many a time the aurora on the top of the clouds, and in one instance on the top of a detached rain-cloud going southeast, the existence of which was brought to his attention by the rain falling upon him. It was then noticed that the cloud was surmounted by a fine display of auroral streamers physically connected with it and directed toward the coronal point.

The three features, cloud, rain and streamers, kept on together to the horizon, affording the best possible conditions for establishing their physical connection. In connection with this there occurred another remarkable appearance and standing alone among his many cloud observations.

When the auroral rain-cloud reached the mountains, on the area where the rain fell the mountains were covered by an exceedingly brilliant white fog blanket, conforming to all the irregular forms of the slopes and passing when the cloud passed. During the same evening a little later heavy showers occurred, the clouds going in the same direction, and in the inter-cloud spaces auroral streamers were abundant, but the openings were not large enough to determine their physical connection with the clouds, but taken in connection with the preceding cloud there can hardly be a doubt but that the same relation existed between the rain, cloud and streamers.

On two different occasions a gleam of lightning appeared in the middle of the dark segment north, half way between the horizon and the crown of the segment, and in both cases, instantly, there rose from that identical spot a single fine auroral streamer. The apparent physical connection in these two cases is supported by the fact that the streamers usually have their origin in the arch of light surmounting the dark segment; that they do not ordinarily appear singly even there, and that in a long experience our observer does not remember ever having seen a single lonely streamer originate in the dark-segment. Quite frequently sheet lightning is seen in the south with an aurora in the north, and sometimes both are seen together in the north, but they never seemed physically connected, except in these two instances. The fact that both of these gleams had the same position in the dark-segment, and were both instantly followed by the rare eruption of a single streamer would seem to remove the phenomenon from the possibility of having been a coincidence.

On one occasion during a great aurora which lasted the whole night and out into the full twilight of the morning, another observation was made tending to show kinship of the aurora with meteorology.

First, let us mention that the crowning glory of the aurora and its highest point is regarded as the corona, a point just south of the zenith toward which all of the streamers converge when the aurora has passed further to the south. Several times the corona formed under the clouds during the night of this great exhibition, a singular feature of the phenomenon being the invisibility of the clouds except when illuminated by the light of the corona. The clouds were cirro-stratus going rapidly southeast. They were specially looked for at other times, but could not be seen. Does not this prove that the whole of a first-class aurora was within the cloud-bearing regions of the atmosphere? Its highest part was below the clouds, and therefore it was below the clouds in its entirety. It was a great aurora, as shown by the repeated formation of the corona. It was a great aurora also because it continued through the entire night into the morning twilight and it suggests a meteorological origin.

Another appearance occurring occasionally during an aurora is the "Luminous White Cloud Band" crossing the sky from east to west, cutting the horizon about east and some north of west, and when fully formed crossing the meridian near the coronal point. Our observer has seen this arch a number of times and regards it as one of the most instructive features of the aurora. Some observers have doubted its connection with the Aurora Borealis, but Mr. Weed does not share in this doubt, he having, on April 13, 1871, witnessed its entire formation, and having seen the most convincing evidence of its connection with the aurora. This is what he saw: At 10 P. M. a dark segment north by east crowned with the ordinary auroral arc of light and with streamers above this; in other words, an Aurora Borealis. Then another segment of seventy degrees altitude of the most fascinating, bright, attractive luminosity, bounded by a perfectly sharp outline. The sky was cloudless throughout, and south of this line, of normal hue. The perfection of the line of demarcation between the normal and auroral sky was a most extraordinary thing, and it teaches this, that the aurora had a clearly defined and definite border on its advancing side. Then, in this cloudless sky, streamers-like cloudlets began to form on the upper side of this line in the normal sky at both the east and west horizon, rapidly succeeded by others until they met on or near the meridian completing a white cloud band. The base of these cloud-streamers blended together on the curved line and were pointed above and directed toward the coronal point of the aurora. After the band was completed it was noticed that it was moving south and this motion continued until it came to rest at the star Delta Leonis in the region of the coronal point of the ordinary auroral exhibitions. As the cloud arch moved south from its initial point it brightened into an intense luminosity, was much agitated internally, and showed a motion to the west, as it always does, and, in dissolving, showed a wavelet structure and cloud-like aspect.

Half of the journey of the band was made before the line separating the base of the cloud-arch and the auroral sky was in the least disturbed.

That this cloud arch formed on and moved with the luminous auroral segment on its journey and rested at the coronal point proves it to be auroral, and the formation of this luminous cloud in contact with the aurora, in an otherwise cloudless sky, also proves the close relationship of the aurora and clouds and here bring in actual contact with cloud, that the aurora was in the cloud bearing region of the atmosphere, and again suggests a meteorological paternity for the Aurora Borealis.

BENJAMIN WELCH, of Little York, Orange County, was born October 11, 1832. His parents were Gabriel and Eliza Welch, and they had nine children, three of whom are living--Benjamin; Susan, wife of Martin V. B. Horton, of Warwick; and Mary, wife of Edsal Stage. Benjamin learned the carpenter's trade when he was twenty years of age, and followed that occupation several years. He was connected with the Brown & Bailey Creameries of Amity and Edenville five years. On March 1, 1871, he removed to Pleasant Valley and managed his father's farm until the death of the latter, when he became its owner. To this he added by purchase the Rynear Stage farm of one hundred and twenty-six acres, which increases his lands to two hundred and sixty acres. He has a large dairy, and is one of the extensive peach growers in Orange County.

July 9, 1863, he married Miss Mary E. Davenport, of Warwick. Their three children, all living, are George, born March 26, 1864; Olive, born October 8, 1865, and Daniel, born January 22, 1867. George was married to Mary F. Feagles, of Pine Island, December 31, 1904. The father was an Odd Fellow many years. His homestead farm has belonged to the family since 1844.

ALANSON Y. WELLER, president of the Newburgh Planing Mill Co., was born in the town of Crawford, Orange County, N. Y., in 1837. He was educated at Montgomery Academy, and in 1857 became a clerk in the store of the late A. K. Chandler, Newburgh, where he remained until 1863, when the dry goods firm of Schoonmaker, Mills & Weller was formed. In 1886 Mr. Mills retired from the firm and the two remaining members continued the business until January 1, 1898, when the partnership was dissolved, Mr. Weller retiring from a mercantile career which had proved very successful. In 1899 Mr. Weller succeeded to the planing mill business of Thomas Shaw's Sons, which was established in 1837, and which is among the important industries of the city. Mr. Weller is a director of the National Bank of Newburgh, trustee of the Newburgh Savings Bank, and interested in many local enterprises. Much of his time has been occupied in managing the estate of his deceased brother, Joseph H. Weller.

GEORGE S. WELLER, wholesale and retail coal dealer of Newburgh, was born in that city July, 1871, and is a son of A. Y. Weller. He graduated from the academy in 1888 and entered the employ of J. W. Matthews & Co., with whom he remained as shipping clerk until he started his present business in 1890. He is also president of the Highland Drug Co. Mr. Weller married Miss Constance, daughter of Rev. J. A. Farrar.

JOSEPH H. WELLER, a prominent merchant of New York City, was born in Montgomery, Orange County, in 1846, and died at his home in New York, November 14, 1886. At the age of fourteen he came to Newburgh to clerk in the dry goods firm of A. K. Chandler & Co. He went to New York in 1868 to become salesman for the firm of Wentz, Hartley & Co., afterward becoming a member of the firm of J. M. Wentz & Co. He remained a member of this firm until its dissolution. In 1879 he became member of the firm of Teffts, Griswold & Co., and three years later of the new firm of Tefft, Weller & Co., wholesale dry goods merchants of New York. In 1876 Mr. Weller married Miss Frances Cronkright, of Elizabeth, N. J., whose death occurred five weeks prior to that of her husband. The loss of his beloved wife prostrated Mr. Weller with grief and contributed largely to his death. Mr. Weller is buried in the family plot at Woodlawn Cemetery.

Mr. and Mrs. Weller left surviving four children, Lillian C. Weller, who is now the wife of Ralph S. Tompkins, of Fishkill-on-Hudson, N. Y.; Edith M. Weller, who is the wife of Mr. Leonard M. Hills, of New York City; Alfred E. Weller, who resides in Newburgh, N. Y.; and Joseph Francis Weller, who is a student at Yale University.

The New York Dry Goods Chronicle of November 20, 1886, paid the following tribute to the memory of Mr. Weller:

"His sudden death has created a profound feeling of grief and sorrow, not only throughout the dry goods trade in which he was so prominent, but to all commercial circles in this great commercial city. Seldom has a man so young been so universally mourned. He left his impress on the trade and commerce of the metropolis. He did this by the force of his ability, his energy and affability. He was a superior man in business and in the charm and gentleness of his manner. His judgment was sound, his executive ability rare, his energy wonderful, and his mastery of details complete. He possessed to an eminent degree the qualities of a great merchant. He was ambitious but not at the expense of others. He was helpful--never harmful. In his ascent to success and distinction he never crowded others from the path but rather encouraged them with sympathy and cheer. His crowning glory was his charity, his kindness. It shone in the family, in the social circle, at the store and elsewhere that business duties called him.

"In the brief career of Joseph H. Weller there is the history of a busy life. It was not length of days that gave him opportunity to rise, it was what he did and how he did it that gave him prominence. He acted nobly and well his part."

THEODORE A. WELLER, retired merchant of Middletown, N. Y., was born in the town of Wallkill, Orange County. He was educated at the district schools and Middletown Academy. His dry goods career in Middletown began with a clerkship for the firm of Hayt & Adams. At the end of six years he purchased Mr. Hayt's interest, and the firm of Adams & Weller was formed in 1876, which continued ten years. This was succeeded by Weller, Demarest & Swayze, and in 1888 the well-known store of Weller & Demarest was established, which continued until January, 1908, when Mr. Weller's health caused him to retire from active business.

Mr. Weller is prominently identified with the Masonic fraternity, including membership in Hoffman Lodge, Midland Chapter, Cypress Commandery and Mecca Temple of the Mystic Shrine.

FRANKLIN JOSEPH WELLES, an artist, for twenty-six years a resident of Greenwood Lake, has taken a deep interest in its legendary history. His wife Annie Estelle is a daughter of the late Professor Henri Appy, of Rochester, N. Y. the distinguished violinist and teacher, who at the age of twelve years graduated with the highest honors of any pupil from the Royal Conservatory of Amsterdam, Holland. He was given a laurel wreath decoration by William of Orange, grandfather of Wilhelmena, the present Queen of Holland. Some years after the death of Jean Appy, who conducted the King's Orchestra, his son Henri Appy succeeded to the position. He later came to America and played with Jenny Lind in concerts at Castle Garden, and the piano owned and used by her is now in the Welles home at Greenwood Lake. Professor Appy made many concert tours, conducted the orchestra at the old Niblo Garden in Newport, and taught at the Convent of the Sacred Heart. His wife was Annie Paine, a singer at Grace Church, N. Y. He later moved to Rochester, N. Y., to conduct the Philharmonic Society there. Two children survive him, Annie E. and Ernest Frederic, professor of music in the college at Xenia and Granville, the latter of Newark, Ohio. He is a musician and teacher of marked ability and has purchased land and expects to reside permanently at Greenwood Lake. Henri Appy died in Rochester, N. Y., November 16, 1903, at the age of seventy-nine.

THOMAS WELLING was born April 28, 1864, on the homestead farm at Warwick, N. Y., which has been in the family continuously for one hundred and fifty-four years. His early education was obtained at the Warwick High School and Polytechnic Institute at Brooklyn, N. Y. After his schooling he returned to Warwick and took the management of the farm where he has since resided. He married Marie L. Van Duzer, of Warwick, May 17, 1893, daughter of James Harvey and Sarah (Taylor) Van Duzer. Their one son, Thomas, Jr., was born April 3, 1896. Mr. Welling is a director of the First National Bank, second vice-president of the Warwick Savings Bank and is a trustee of the Warwick Cemetery Association. He is identified with the Grange and attends the Dutch Reformed Church of Warwick. His father, Thomas Welling, was one of Warwick's representative men. He took an active interest in matters pertaining to the town, was a director in the First National Bank and the Warwick Savings Bank and served as president of the Warwick Valley Milk Association. He died November 9, 1898.

JAMES EDWARD WELLS was born at Dingmans, Pa., in 1834, and died suddenly at his home in Goshen, May 6, 1907. He married Miss Francis E., daughter of William S. and Sarah T. (Wood) Conkling. He removed from the farm to the village of Goshen in 1901, and lived a retired life until his death. For years he was a director and superintendent of grounds of the Orange County Agricultural Society, and was one of the first members of the Goshen Grange. He was agent in New York and Jersey City for the Orange County Farmers' Milk Company, a director of the Milk Exchange, and a partner in the firm of Wells & Stage, milk commission merchants, with offices in New York. In religion he was a Presbyterian and in politics a republican. In 1894 he was elected supervisor of Goshen, and was afterward re-elected twelve times, which shows the confidence which his townsmen reposed in him. He was the descendant of William Wells, who emigrated to America in 1635, whose father was the Rev. William Wells, rector of St. Peter's Church at Norwich, England. His widow and two children survive him. The son is William A. Wells, of the Goshen National Bank, and the daughter Mrs. Cornelius Christie, of Watertown, N. Y. James Edward's father, Alfred, was a native of Goshen, and his mother, Lydia W. Nyce, was a Pennsylvanian.

FREDERICK WILLIAM WENZEL, assistant postmaster, Newburgh, N. Y., is a son of George C. and Elizabeth A. Wenzel, and was born in Newburgh, September 28, 1871. In 1890 he graduated with honors from the academy; and in 1895 succeeded his father in the manufacture of plain and fancy boxes. He was appointed to his present position March 1, 1900. Mr. Wenzel was master of Newburgh Lodge No. 309, F. and A. M., in 1899 and 1900; a trustee of Highland Chapter No. 52, R. A. M.; member of Ringgold Hose Company No. 1; a member of St. George's Church, and the Alumni of Newburgh Free Academy.

COLONEL CHARLES H. WEYGANT, ex-mayor of Newburgh, N. Y., was born in Cornwall, July 8, 1839, and educated at Ashland and Claverack Collegiate Institutes. In 1862 he was appointed senior captain of the 124th Regiment, N. Y. S. V., commanding Company A. He took active part in every general engagement of the Army of the Potomac. At the Battle of Gettysburg his superior officers were killed, leaving the regiment in command of Captain Weygant. He was shortly after commissioned major and July 2, 1863, was made lieutenant-colonel. In 1870 Colonel Weygant was elected sheriff of Orange County, and from 1878 to 1880 he served as mayor of the city of Newburgh. In 1886, in company with Henry T. McCoun, he purchased and developed the property now known as Washington Heights, Newburgh. He is trustee of Trinity M. E. Church; ex-commander of Ellis Post, G. A. R., and the author of the "History of the 124th Regiment, N. Y. S. V." Colonel Weygant married Miss Charlotte Sackett in 1868 and they have one daughter.

FRANK E. WEYGANT, formerly of the firm of R. F. Weygant's Sons, carriage manufacturers at Central Valley, N. Y., is a descendant of one of Orange County's old and prominent families. His father, Robert Francis Weygant, was the youngest child of Smith and Charity (Lamoreaux) Weygant. The original progenitor of the family in America was Michael, son of Rev. George Herman Weigand, a Lutheran minister of the Rhine Palatinate, who received a grant of land in 1708 from Queen Anne embraced in the territory now covered by the city of Newburgh. In 1745 Tobias, son of Michael, bought an extensive tract of land near the present village of Highland Mills. A number of his descendants made their homes in this locality.

Robert F. Weygant, who died September 3, 1902, established the carriage factory at Central Valley in 1867. This is now conducted by his sons, Fred and William. Frank E. Weygant is at present engaged in the automobile business at Ridgewood, N. J.

ANNIAS R. WHEELER was born August 31, 1846, in Craigville, town of Blooming Grove, and after his school education worked five years as a cotton spinner, then at farming, and then for the Erie Railroad. He tried to enlist six times as a soldier for the Civil War, the first time in 1861, and five times was rejected on account of his small size and light weight, but was finally mustered in August 22, 1864, in Company C, 56th N. Y. Infantry, when his weight was only ninety pounds. He served until wounded on December 29, 1864, at the crossing of the Tillafinny River, and was discharged in New York City, May 30, 1865. He then became a farmer until 1881, then was superintendent of the Middletown Ice Company five years, in 1887 was appointed a U. S. mail-carrier, and as such served the Government seven years, then was a traveling salesman two years, then commissioner of highways for the town of Wallkill two years, and has since been in the insurance and brokerage business and a pension attorney in Middletown. He married Miss Hanna Oldfield, of Amity, town of Warwick, May 30, 1869, and they have had twelve children, only two boys and three girls surviving--Joel B., president of the common council of Middletown; Harrison W., driver for the Middletown Phoenix Engine Company No. 4; Melissa, wife of D. H. Jones, of Rutherford, N. Y.; Emma E., wife of John E. T. Clegborn, of Wellsburg, N. Y.; and Francis E., who lives with Joel B. Mr. Wheeler's father William was born in 1815 in New York City, and was a contractor. His mother, whose maiden name was Sarah Braffett, was born in 1827, and died in 1896.

ISAAC V. WHEELER--The Wheeler family is of English lineage, and originally embraced eleven brothers and three sisters, all of whom were early residents of Long Island, and at a later period removed to Orange County and made purchases of land. One of these brothers, Joel by name, is the progenitor of the branch of the family from which Isaac V. is descended. Isaac V. Wheeler was a native of Warwick, and was born March 4, 1823. He was the son of Colonel William F. and Juliet (Van Duzer) Wheeler, who were the parents of seven children. On the death of his father he became the possessor of the ancestral estate. He married June 21, 1853, Miss Phoebe, daughter of Jesse Bull. He was the father of six children, Juliet V.; Caroline B.; William F.; Jesse C., who died October 7, 1881; Anna M., married William A. Hayward and died September 16, 1899 (two children survive her, Alice W. and William H.); Frank A. (died in infancy); and Alice. In politics Mr. Wheeler was a republican, having descended from whig ancestry. He was one of the original incorporators of the Warwick Valley Farmers' Milk Association, and of the Warwick Savings Bank. His death occurred April 9, 1876, in the fifty-third year of his age.

Shortly after the marriage of her son William F., Mrs. Wheeler with her four daughters left the farm and moved to the home in Warwick village, now known as "The Columns," which she purchased in 1883, and at her death bequeathed to her daughters, Juliet V. and Caroline B. Mrs. Wheeler died January 21, 1904, in the seventy-sixth year of her age. She was a devoted member of the Reformed Church. Her ancestor on the maternal side, Cornelius Board, came from Sussex, England, in 1730; on her father's side she was a descendant of the historic William Bull and Sarah Wells.

WILLIAM F. WHEELER was born May 22, 1859. He is the son of Isaac V. and Phebe (Bull) Wheeler. He married May 22, 1882, Miss Tillie A. Wisner, of Chester, Orange County, N. Y., and is the father of six children, all of whom are living: William F. Wheeler, Jr., Charles V., Jesse I., Mary A., Roe W., and Ralph. The loss of his father at the age of sixteen necessitated his leaving school at an early age and assuming the responsibilities of the farm, on which he now resides. Mr. Wheeler is an ardent republican. Five generations have lived upon the estate now owned by him, it having been in the name for over one hundred years. The property, consisting of two hundred and eighty-five acres, is at present known as Peach Grove Farm. The house in which he and his family reside was built by Colonel William F. Wheeler in 1850. The barn on this place was raised on the Fourth of July, 1776, and was built by Samuel Ketchum, a Revolutionary soldier, who took part in the battle of White Plains.

EDWARD WHITEHEAD, president of the Walden Knife Company, was born in Halifax, Yorkshire, England, a son of John and Sarah (Hill) Whitehead. His parents brought him to America when a child and at the age of fifteen years he learned the cutlery trade.

When the Walden Knife Company was organized in 1870 as a co-operative concern, Mr. Whitehead was one of the eighteen members, and held the position of superintendent. In 1874 the company was incorporated, at which time William G. Gowdy was elected president and Edward Whitehead secretary. In 1891 Mr. Whitehead was chosen president and the success of the industry since that time has been rapid. It is interesting to note that he is the only member of the original company now identified with this establishment, and his official connection with the cutlery industry stretches over a longer period than any other man connected with the business at the present time in this Sheffield of America.

Mr. Whitehead also occupies a prominent position in social and educational circles. In 1893 he was chosen school trustee and in 1896 president of the board of education, which position he held until his resignation in 1905. He is a director in the National Bank of Walden and of the Walden Savings Bank. Mr. Whitehead's success in life may, in brief, be attributed to perseverance, energy, keenness of judgment and constant devotion to an industry that has become one of the most important in Orange County.

HENRY L. WHITFORD, of Johnson, N. Y., who is prominently identified with the extensive creamery industries of Orange County, is a native of Connecticut. As a young man he learned the machinist's trade. For twenty-four years he has been connected with the Borden enterprises. He came to Orange County in 1891, and in 1895 was appointed superintendent of the plant at Johnson. He is now traveling superintendent, in charge of nine creameries.

Mr. Whitford married Miss Clara Root, and they are the parents of three sons and two daughters. Socially he is identified with the Masonic fraternity.

JOEL WHITTEN, a highly respected citizen and retired merchant of Pine Bush, was born in the town of Crawford, October 8, 1818. A son of John and Mary (Moore) Whitten. He died at his residence in Pine Bush, April 29, 1904. Mr. Whitten remained on the home farm for a few years after his marriage to Miss M. Halstead Moore, of New York City, who died in 1872. He was for a time engaged in the mercantile business in New York City and also at Burlingham with his brother, Isaiah, until the establishment of the Pine Bush store, where he continued with Isaiah until his retirement from business in 1880. He served as postmaster of the village a number of years. Mr. Whitten was a man of keen discernment, sound judgment and sterling integrity. A firm believer in the principles of the Democratic party, he took an active interest in politics, but declined to hold public office. He united with the New Prospect Church in 1844 and organized the Sunday-school, in which he was active, either as a teacher or superintendent, for over forty years.

September 14, 1881, Mr. Whitten married Miss A. Emily McGowan, of Pine Bush, N. Y., daughter of Benjamin and Priscilla (Faulkner) McGowan, who survives him.

SAMUEL R. WHITTEN, son of Francis and Ophelia (Rainey) Whitten, was born in the town of Crawford in 1863. He was educated at the schools of Middletown and the Troy Polytechnic Institute. In addition to conducting a general store for eleven years, he was engaged in the lumber business and management of a farm. In 1907 Mr. Whitten formed a partnership with R. T. Brown, under the firm name of Brown & Whitten, dealers in general merchandise, carrying on an extensive trade at Pine Bush, N. Y.

GAVIN R. M. WILCOX, manufacturer, Newburgh, was born at Newtown Stewart, Whitonshire, Scotland, May 16, 1849. He is of English and Scotch ancestry, son of John and Jessie (McGregor) Wilcox, who came to America in 1866, settling in Newburgh. Here Gavin R. M. entered the employ of the Washington Iron Works, where he learned the trade of pattern maker and was later employed by the Severance Paper Machine Works; in 1871 he engaged with the Newburgh Steam Engine Works, holding the position of foreman until 1883, when the firm of Coldwell, Wilcox & Co. was organized, manufacturers of light machinery, steam heating apparatus, etc. In May, 1890, the business was incorporated as Coldwell-Wilcox Co., with a capital stock of $53,000, and Mr. Wilcox became secretary and general manager, which position he still occupies. He served three years as president of the Business Men's Association, and in 1902 was appointed by Mayor Wilson a member of the board of water commissioners, and at the following election was elected to that office and re-elected in 1905 to another five-year term. In 1872 he married Alice E., daughter of Henry O. Van Duzer. Five children have been born to them.

WALTER C. WILCOX was born at Wurtsboro, Sullivan County, N. Y. He is the son of Abraham and Marguerite (Lybolt) Wilcox, who had seven children. Mr. Wilcox obtained his early education at the district school at Wurtsboro and the high school at Monticello. After his schooling he moved to Middletown and identified himself with the Howell Hinchman Co., remaining with this firm about eight months. He afterward worked at the same business in Newark, N. J., for three years. In 1893 he removed to Middletown, and opened a grocery, which he has continued since. Mr. Wilcox was married to Miss Jennie Cameron, of Ellenville, N. Y., July 2, 1890. She is a direct descendant of the Cameron family of Scotland. To this union one child was born, Alonzo Potter Wilcox, born March 31, 1891, associated with his father in business. In politics Mr. Wilcox is a democrat. His brother Charles is a resident of Middletown, N. Y. Henry, of Port Jervis, is identified with the Erie Railroad; Anna is the wife of A. Dedrick, of Port Jervis; Ella, wife of Harry Miller, of Jersey City; Ada, wife of James Monagham, of Jersey City.

VICTOR AUDUBON WILDER, the only son of Mariner Ayers Wilder and Mary P. Smith, his wife, was born in Dennysville, Maine, on July 8, 1844, which was also the birthplace of his father. When but a few years old the son and his parents moved to Boston, Mass., where they lived until the outbreak of the Civil War.

The son enlisted in the 44th Regiment, Massachusetts Volunteers, and served until the end of the war. During his absence, his parents moved to Brooklyn, N. Y., and on receiving his discharge from the service the son joined them there, where with the exception of about seven years, spent in the west engaged in mining operations, he lived until 1891, when he came to Warwick.

In 1875 he married Miss Lilian Macdonald. They have one child, Donald Wilder, born in 1888.

Mr. Wilder, in his early business experience, was engaged in New York in the foreign trade with South America and the West Indies, and later in railroad operations in Mexico and in the United States, and also in coal and timber lands in West Virginia.

In politics Mr. Wilder has always taken an active part. While a republican in his political convictions and affiliations, he has always been of an independent turn of mind. He was a candidate for state comptroller of New York on the Henry George ticket, and in 1904 for Congress on the Independence League ticket for the twentieth congressional district, being defeated by Colonel Thomas W. Bradley, of Walden.

He was the president of the McKinley Club of Warwick, and the Central Republican Club during the McKinley campaign. He was largely instrumental in electing a republican supervisor of the town, the first one in a generation. He is a member of the Reformed Church of Warwick.

SAMUEL WILKEN was born in Monahan, Ireland, February 4, 1844, and came to America with his mother and seven children, his father having died. They settled on Staten Island, and some of the family are still there. Samuel came to Chester, Orange County, May 11, 1866, and the next year married Anna S. Salisbury. Their children are Fred W., Albert E. and Melvin R. Mr. Wilken was a partner of Charles Christ sixteen years. When he disposed of his interest in the business he started a blacksmith shop, with a carriage repository and accessories. He has been a town officer several times, and is a member of Standard Lodge No. 711, of Chester, as are also his sons Fred and Albert, and Melvin R., the third son, is connected with the Standard Milling Company of New York.

JOSEPH M. WILKIN, who was elected special surrogate of Orange County in 1904 and re-elected in 1907, is a son of the late Joseph M. and Catherine (Copley) Wilkin. He was born in the town of Montgomery in 1878. After graduating from the Montgomery Academy he read law with his father for one year, and then entered the law office of Senator John C. R. Taylor, Middletown, N. Y., where he remained three years. He was admitted to the bar in 1899, and conducts his law office in Montgomery village. Detailed reference to his father appears in the chapter on the Bench and Bar in this history.

JONATHAN D. WILSON, JR., assistant district attorney of Orange County, is a son of ex-Mayor J. D. Wilson. He was born in Newburgh in 1875 and graduated from Columbia University with the degree of A.B., 1898. He attended the New York Law School, and was admitted to the bar in 1900. Mr. Wilson has since practiced in Newburgh. He has always taken an active interest in the welfare of the republican party and began the duties of his present office January, 1907. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity and local social organizations, including the City Club. He married Miss Edith Van Buren, of this city.

WARD WINFIELD, editor and proprietor of the Walden _Herald,_ was born in Montgomery in 1868 and educated at the Academy of his native place. He learned the printer's trade in the office of his father, Lester Winfield, who conducted the Montgomery _Republican_ from 1864 to 1890. The paper then passed into the hands of Ward Winfield, who continued it until 1900, when he disposed of the plant and became manager of the Walden _Herald_ for John F. Lousdale for a period of three years, purchasing the business January, 1904. He is a thorough newspaper man; his paper is widely read and exerts a wholesome influence in Walden and vicinity. He is a member of the I. O. O. F., the Knights of Pythias, the American Mechanics and the Patriotic Sons of America. During his residence in the village of Montgomery he served a term as town collector. He married Miss Catherine Condon, of Walden, and three children have been born to them. His son, Francis Lester, assists him in the publication of the _Herald._

WINFIELD WRIGHT WINTER, who has for several years been identified with the business interests of Middletown, was born at Winterton, Sullivan County, N. Y., January 22, 1862. He was educated in the schools of that place and Walden Academy, after which he was for several years engaged in mercantile business in Winterton. In 1896 he established his present real estate and insurance business in partnership with his brother, Clarence G., who was with him one year, and has since conducted the business alone. In 1901 he disposed of his business interests in Winterton and removed to Middletown. Mr. Winter is a member of Hoffman Lodge No. 412, F. & A. M., and Concordia Council No. 1077, R. A. M. He was joined in marriage with Flora A. Harding, of Winterton, and four children have been born to them, two of whom are living: Harry, bookkeeper for the N. Y. O. & W. R. R. at Middletown, and Jay W., manager of the creamery at Winterton.

Mr. Winter resides a portion of the year at Winterton and has held the office of postmaster of that place since 1891, when he received the appointment from John Wanamaker under the Harrison administration.

THE WISNER FAMILY--One of the early pioneers in Orange County was Johannes Weasner, a native of Switzerland, who came to Long Island about the time that a special effort was being made to settle the Wawayanda Patent--Johannes purchased land near Mount Eve, the deed being granted June 23, 1714, making him one of the first settlers of the county. His son, Hendrick Weasner settled near Goshen.

Henry, the son of Hendrick, was born in 1720, and served in the New York Colonial Assembly, 1759-1769; was a member of the first Continental Congress, 1774; a delegate to the New York Provincial Convention, 1775-1777, and a delegate to the second Continental Congress, 1775-1777. He voted for the Declaration of Independence, but was called to New York before it was engrossed on parchment and was ready for signing. He took an active part in the manufacture of gunpowder, having mills in both Ulster and Orange Counties. He was also made a senator of the first legislature of New York State in 1777, serving until 1782. He died in September, 1790, and was buried in the family burying ground near Phillipsburgh, in the present town of Wallkill. He had two sons, Henry, Jr., and Gabriel. His son, Ensign Gabriel Wisner, was killed in the battle of Minisink, 1779. Henry G. Wisner, a prominent lawyer of Goshen, was a son of Ensign Gabriel Wisner and the ancestor of the Goshen branch of the family.

John, the second son of Hendrick Weasner, was a captain in the French and Indian War, and served as a scout in 1757. He was also a captain in the Revolutionary War under Colonel Nicoll, of Goshen. His early home was at Mount Eve, but later he established his home near Wickham's Pond, having received a grant of land, direct from the crown, consisting of more than a thousand acres, a portion of which included the present farm of Jesse Durland, which was the Wisner homestead for several generations. John Wisner was the ancestor of most of the Wisner families of Warwick.

His second son, Henry Wisner 3rd (sometimes written Jr.), was born July 11, 1742, and lived on the homestead farm. In the Revolutionary War he was made captain of the "Pond Company," under Colonel Hathorn, September 22, 1775, and later was made lieutenant-colonel, February 19, 1778. He was a member of the first State Assembly under the Constitution, serving from 1777-1778 and 1788-1789. He died May 29, 1812, and his remains now rest in the Warwick Cemetery by the side of his son, Jeffrey Wisner.

Jeffrey Wisner was a man of remarkable energy and great force of character. He represented the township as supervisor during 1812-1813 and 1819-1823, and for several years served as justice of the peace. His sons, Gabriel, James, Richard and Jeffrey Amherst, have done much toward building up the interests of Warwick, and his grandson, Clinton W. Wisner, is well known throughout the town and county.

CLINTON WHEELER WISNER was born at West Pittston, Pa., July 30, 1856, and died in the Adirondacks August 21, 1904. He was the son of Jeffrey Amherst and Mary Wheeler Wisner, both members of old and prominent families of the town of Warwick, where the first twelve and last twenty years of Mr. Wisner's life were spent.

Actively engaged for a time in mercantile business, and later in the management of large interests, he developed great talent for leadership and was to be found in the forefront of every progressive movement of his time. Endowed by nature with nobility of character, with an artistic love for beauty, educated in the school of life's activities by hard study and with the polish of extensive travel his was a versatile and attractive personality.

A patriot, he ever listened to the calls of his fellows to serve them as a public-spirited Christian citizen. For many years he was the president of his well-beloved Warwick village, which owes, in large measure, the present beauty of its homes, its churches, its Red Swan Inn, as well as its increasing popularity as a resort, to Mr. Wisner's interest and efforts. His favorite pastimes were shooting, sketching and driving.

Mr. Wisner married Martha, daughter of the late Thomas Welling and Caroline Van Duzer, in October, 1879, and he was survived by his widow and his children, Mrs. Burton J. Berry, John Welling Wisner, Jeffrey Amherst Wisner, Jr., Thomas Welling Wisner, Clinton W. Wisner, Jr., and Gladys Wisner. Besides his family and friends he made wherever he had been the whole community of Warwick mourned the demise of its foremost citizen and endorsed the tribute of a distinguished clergyman who had enjoyed the hospitality of Mr. Wisner's ideal home.

HENRY WISNER, who is a resident of Sharon, Barber County, Kansas, is a member of an old and honored family of the Empire State. The parents of our subject were William Roe and Eliza (Miller) Wisner. William Roe Wisner was born March 21, 1799, and died November 19, 1886; his estimable wife was born April 27, 1800, and died July 16, 1882. To this union were born ten children, John N., born February 15, 1820; David M., born November 27, 1821, died August 5, 1879; Henry, born August 20, 1824; Andrew D., born January 8, 1827, died May 24, 1828; Albert A., born April 29, 1829, died May 29, 1832; James T., born October 4, 1831; Francis L., born December 21, 1832; Albert, born November 26, 1835; Andrew H., born July 24, 1838, died June 19, 1854; Mary Ann, born May 21, 1841. The old Wisner homestead is located about one mile north of Bellvale, Orange County, and a picture of this historic house will be found on another page of this volume. It was built before the Revolutionary War by William Wisner, one of four sons of Captain John Wisner, Jr. William Wisner died in this house in 1803, and his son, William Roe Wisner, who succeeded to the ownership of the farm, and other property by inheritance, was born in this house and lived there continuously until his death at the age of eighty-seven years. Few men in Orange County were better known and none were more highly respected than Mr. Wisner. He was progressive and liberal-minded. His son, whose name heads this sketch, obtained his early education at the district school, two winters at the private school of the learned John K. Joline in Warwick, and at Chester Academy, of which William Bross was principal. He organized and taught a class in physiology, of which our subject was a member. This was probably the first teaching of physiology outside the medical profession.

In the spring of 1844 he entered the university at East Hampton, Mass., where he remained until the fall of 1845, when he commenced lecturing on anatomy, physiology, hygiene and phrenology in the New England States. He went to Ohio in 1846, and for five years lectured in the west on his favorite subjects, introducing physiology in schools. His then new subjects, his quaint and original style of presenting them, together with his marvelous faculty of delineating human character, drew immense audiences, crowning his efforts with great success, financially and otherwise, as the press of the day gave evidence. Quitting the business he had served, or which had served him so well, he engaged in other pursuits with varied success.

On March 1, 1875, he was united in marriage with Miss Sarah E. (Rowe) Jackson, a graduate of Hahnemann Medical College, Chicago. In honor of her that college conferred on our subject the honorary degree of M.D. with two diplomas (having earned and received a diploma from the "Old School" while lecturing), he declined to practice the healing art. No children from this union.

He became interested in real estate in Iowa and Chicago. He later removed to Kansas, engaged in cattle raising and finally settled on one of the ranches (5,000 acres) in the State of Kansas, where he and his wife have lived twenty-five years in the enjoyment of health and prosperity.

In politics he is a republican, though not an office-seeker or holder. In sentiment he is anti-war, liberal, progressive and broad-minded.

By a former marriage he has two sons, Henry J., of Chicago, and Charles H., of Barber County, Kansas.

RALPH WISNER belongs to one of the oldest families in the town of Warwick. The first settler in this part of Orange County was Johannes Weasner, and family, who settled on a tract of land near Mount Eve. There his dust lies mingled with that of several generations of his descendants. Johannes Weasner was a soldier in the Sioux Contingent, in the days of Queen Anne. John Weasner was third in descent from Johannes Weasner, being the son of Hendrick Weasner. His brother Henry was a member of the Continental Congress, and voted for the Declaration of Independence, and then came home to make gunpowder. This was the most necessary thing to do, for without gunpowder the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776, would have been of no effect. John Weasner was a captain in Colonel Dekay's Regiment of Orange County men in the French and Indian War of 1752. He and his son John were captains in Colonel Isaac Nichols's Regiment of Minute Men in 1776. The Wisner family was foremost in resisting the encroachment of the British crown upon the rights of the people. John Weasner died in 1778, his son John died in 1811, leaving a large family, among whom was another John, whose son, George T. Wisner, was the father of the subject of this sketch. Ralph Wisner was born at Big Island, town of Goshen, March 2, 1859. Mr. Wisner is engaged in farming. He is a resident of Florida.

He was married November 22, 1883, to Mary Greene, daughter of the late Henry Greene. They have one son, Roy Greene Wisner. The family are all members of the Presbyterian Church, William Wisner being assistant superintendent of the Sunday School. Mr. Wisner is identified with the best interests in the town. He has been a member of the school board for twenty-four years, and is a corresponding member of the Y. M. C. A. For one term he was assessor of the town of Warwick. It was through Mr. Wisner's efforts that the beautiful playground of the village was procured.

RICHARD WISNER was born on the homestead farm, in the town of Warwick, February 4, 1824, and died January 3, 1908. He conducted a farm in Warwick until 1883, when he purchased the beautiful residence near the village where he lived, retired until his death. He was one of the charter members of the First National Bank of Warwick and served continuously as one of its directors. He was trustee of the Warwick Savings Bank and for many years a director of the Lehigh and Hudson Railroad. He was also trustee of the Cemetery Association and at one time its treasurer. He was a member of the Sons of the Revolution, and held membership in the Reformed Church of Warwick. Mr. Wisner was a member of one of the oldest families in Orange County and a descendant of the first permanent settler of what is now Warwick township. He was a son of Jeffrey and Elizabeth (Armstrong) Wisner, a man of quiet temperament, possessed of indefatigable energy, with a genial spirit and lofty ideals. He was twice married; his first wife was Euphelia, daughter of Thomas Welling, to whom he was married December 20, 1853. She died in 1881. He was again married in June, 1883, to Sarah Van Duzer. His children, all by his first wife, are Charles E., Anne E. and Mary Euphelia, residing in Warwick.

WILLIAM R. WISNER, one of the prominent and honored men of Orange County, was born March 21, 1799, on the homestead farm near Wisner, this county. He had always been identified in agricultural pursuits. He married Eliza Miller, March 16, 1819, and resided until his death, November 19, 1886, in the stone house now occupied by his great-grandchildren. He was a grandson of Captain John Wisner. He was an upright man, a good citizen and a prosperous farmer. He was a whig and afterward a republican.

GRAHAM WITSCHIEF, attorney of Newburgh, was born in Port Jervis, N. Y., 1875. He is a son of Peter and Florence (Graham) Witschief. After graduating from the Port Jervis Academy in 1893, he attended the Albany Law School one year, and then read law two years in the office of Hon. O. P. Howell, former surrogate of Orange County. Mr. Witschief was admitted to the bar October 29, 1896. Politically he is a republican, and served one term as president of the common council of Newburgh. He is past master of Newburgh Lodge No. 309, F. and A. M. He married Miss Mary Farnum, of Port Jervis, N. Y. Mr. Witschief has conducted some of the most important litigations in Orange County, and is regarded as one of Newburgh's representative attorneys.

ANDREW WOOD, station agent at Stony Ford, N. Y., was born at Cornwell, Canada, June 7, 1850. His parents were William and Ann (Jardine) Wood. Andrew attended the common school, after which he assisted his father on the farm. He was connected with the Grand Trunk Railroad as telegraph operator for a period, after which he removed to New York State. In 1876 he served seven years at Willsboro, N. Y., with the D. & H. R. R., as station agent. August 4, 1884, he removed to Stony Ford, Orange County, and became identified with the

[Transcriber's Note: There appears to be some content missing from the original at this point. (pp. 993-4)]

Kortright of Kortryk, Belgium, 1586. Casper Writer, with wife and five children removed to the present town of Mount Hope in 1784. Here he located and raised a family of eight children--three sons, Aaron, John Falter and Jasper, Jr., and five daughters. Eve, the wife died December 21, 1830; Casper's years overran the century mark. He died November 15, 1842. His sons Aaron and Jasper were lifelong residents of Mount Hope, where their descendants are perpetuating the family name.

BENJAMIN F. WRITER was born on the homestead farm in the town of Mount Hope, May 19, 1854. His parents were John F. and Phoebe (Rosencrants) Writer. His father died in 1892 and the mother is still living at the age of eighty years. Benjamin acquired his early education at the district school, after which he followed agricultural pursuits. He married Ella K. Dennis, of Sussex, N. J., November 8, 1882. Their four children are Coe, Frank, Elmo and Henry, who died at the age of four years. Frank is identified with the Borden Company at Otisville as assistant foreman, and is a member of Hoffman Lodge No. 412, F. and A. M., of Middletown; Elmo is connected with the Sanatorium at Otisville. The father is a member of Otisville Grange No. 1020.

THEODORE WRITER, M.D., of Otisville, N. Y., was born in the town of Mount Hope, Orange County, July 17, 1837. He acquired his early education at the public schools and the Seward Institute of Florida, Orange County. He later entered the Bellevue Hospital Medical College, New York, from which he graduated in March, 1866. He remained for one year in New York in the practice of his profession, then returned to Otisville, where he has since practiced. Dr. Writer married Miss Helen A. Green, of Mount Hope, November 3, 1869. To this union was born one son. Dr. Writer is a republican and has served the town of Mount Hope as supervisor. He is a member of Hoffman Lodge No. 412, F. and A. M., of Middletown.

JAMES A. WYLIE, manager of Katterman & Mitchell Co.'s silk mill at Port Jervis, was born at Morristown, N. J. Soon after leaving school he began work in a silk mill, and has learned the business thoroughly under the tuition of his father, H. A. Wylie, who was manager of the Port Jervis mill until his death in 1902.

This mill began operation in 1898, and is one of the important industries of Port Jervis. It gives employment to about one hundred skilled employees and produces over a quarter of a million yards of silk annually. An addition to the factory has recently been erected, making it possible to considerably enlarge the output.

FRANK N. YAGEL, who conducts a prosperous plumbing, roofing and tinsmith establishment in the village of Highland Falls, N. Y., was born in Germany in 1872. He came to America in 1883, and after four years' schooling in this country served his apprenticeship with his brothers, with whom he was later a partner for eight years. Since 1899 he has been engaged in business for himself. Mr. Yagel has served as state and county tax collector and is now village trustee. Socially he is identified with the I. O. O. F. He married Miss Francis Wolklin and they are the parents of three children.

ARTHUR YOUNGS was born in Kingston, Ulster County, N. Y., March 10, 1872. His father, Addison Youngs, was a native of Kingston, and his mother, Harriet E. Nestell, of Newburgh, N. Y. Mr. Youngs' family can trace its ancestry back to the early settlers of this country. His great-grandfather on both sides fought in the Revolutionary War and War of 1812. His great-grandfather on his mother's side was a member of the body guard to George Washington and a member of the Society of Cincinnati. He was also prominently identified with Masonic circles. When seventeen years of age he began working at brass finishing and the moulding trade under the late G. L. Monell; afterward he was identified with the Newburgh Ice Machine and Engine Co. Later he was in charge of the motor mower department of the Coldwell Lawn Mower Co., of Newburgh. Mr. Youngs is now secretary and manager of the Newburgh Auto Shop, a company organized in 1905, which sells, repairs and stores automobiles. Socially Mr. Youngs is identified with the Newburgh Lodge No. 309, F. and A. M.; Newburgh City Club, Business Men's Association, Newburgh Automobile Club, and the Newburgh Canoe and Boating Association. He is a member of the First Presbyterian Church.

CHARLES C. YOUNG was born in Elizabeth, N. J., January 21, 1871, and was instructed in both public and private schools. He took a course in a business college and quickly became connected with the Singer Sewing Machine Co. at Elizabethport, N. J., starting as errand-boy and rising to assistant timekeeper, in the invoice department. Afterward he became identified with the Rising Sun Brewing Co. at Elizabeth, N. J., and after acting as manager for the Orange County Brewery for two years, purchased the business December 1, 1893. He is recognized as an exceptionally capable business man. He was married September 8, 1898, to Miss Wilhelmina Schauble, of Elizabeth, N. J., daughter of Philip and Marie Schauble. Their three children are Charles Paul, William Joseph and Marguerite Marie. Mr. Young is a member of Middletown's St. Joseph Church.

OLIVER YOUNG was born in the town of Mount Hope, Orange County, N. Y., October 7, 1811. His family were of English extraction and among the early settlers of the State of Connecticut in the seventeenth century. At the age of sixteen he became a teacher and later repaired to Milford, Pa., where, under the guidance of Richard Eldred, Esq., and Melanethan Dimmick, he pursued the study of law, being admitted to the bar of Pike County, Pa., in 1835, and soon after to that of New York State, where he settled in practice in the village of Port Jervis.

By application and fidelity to the trusts confided to him a large and lucrative practice was soon gained. He speedily attained the reputation of a safe and judicious counselor. He was especially distinguished for his learning and skill in the equity branch of law. He was also a proficient civil engineer and possessed an extended knowledge of the boundaries and titles of much of the land embraced in he western part of Orange County.

Mr. Young was a firm advocate of anti-slavery principles long before any organized political opposition was manifested thereto, and naturally affiliated with the republican party when it came into existence in 1856, pledged to resist the extension of slavery to the territories of the United States. Previous to that time his vote was given to the candidates of the liberty and free soil parties, of which he was the sole supporter in the town of Deer Park, his vote being the only one in that town recorded for those candidates.

Mr. Young was married January 19, 1848, in Port Jervis, to Mrs. Lydia Frances Wentworth, formerly Miss Sinclair, of Bartlett, N. H., and he had two sons, Frank Sinclair, who died in early life, and Charles Oliver. His death occurred October 3, 1871. The loss sustained by the bar of Orange County was expressed in a series of resolutions, commemorative of his career and marked abilities.

ROBERT YOUNG, one of the most prominent farmers of Orange County, was born in the town of Montgomery in 1818, and died September 21, 1895. He was a son of Johnson and Margaret (Barkley) Young, and for many years was identified with the affairs of his native town, holding the office of supervisor for eight consecutive years, 1879 to 1886, and again for one term in 1890. He was a candidate for the Assembly on two occasions, but the factions were against him. He was a charter member of the Masonic Lodge of Montgomery and the last captain of a company of state militia in this town under the old law.

In 1890 Mr. Young traveled abroad, visiting the home of his ancestors in the North of Ireland, who were Scotch-Irish. In June, 1862, he married Miss Emily Arnott, of Coldenham. Six children were born to them, one of whom, David A., conducts the homestead farm of one hundred and sixty acres. He was born in 1863 and educated at the schools of Montgomery. He is a member of the Grange and numbered among the most progressive citizens of the town.

FRANK J. ZINT, son of Daniel and Mary (Lorentz) Zint, was born in Highland Falls, N. Y., in 1862. After finishing his schooling he engaged with his father in the shoe and grocery business, also handling coal. Politically Mr. Zint is a staunch democrat and active in promoting the interest of that party. He is a member of the Knights of Columbus, the C. B. L and a director in the First National Bank of Highland Falls. In 1888 Mr. Zint was married to Miss Nellie N. Conway, of Newburgh and four children have been born to them. Daniel Zint, who died in 1892, was a native of Germany. He came to America when a young man and shortly after the Civil War established a boot and shoe store to which he soon added a stock of groceries. This was the nucleus of his son's present extensive business.

End of Project Gutenberg's The History of Orange County New York, by Various