CHAPTER XXVII
REALISM IN FRANCE
Gustave Courbet and the modern painting of artisan life.--Alfred Stevens and the painting of "Society."--His followers Auguste Toulmouche, James Tissot, and others.--In opposition to the Cinquecento the study of the old Germans, the Lombards, the Spaniards, the Flemish artists, and the _Rococo_ masters becomes now a formative influence.--Gustave Ricard, Charles Chaplin, Gaillard, Paul Dubois, Carolus Duran, Léon Bonnat, Roybet, Blaise Desgoffe, Philippe Rousseau, Antoine Vollon, François Bonvin, Théodule Ribot 391
BIBLIOGRAPHY 435
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
PLATES IN COLOUR
PAGE LESLIE: My Uncle Toby and the Widow Wadman _Frontispiece_ ROMNEY: Serena 53 LAWRENCE: Caroline of Brunswick, Queen of George IV 60 MACLISE: The Waterfall, Cornwall 64 MORLAND: Horses in a Stable 69 LANDSEER: Jack in Office 76 FROMENTIN: Algerian Falconers 132 ROTTMANN: Lake Kopaïs 234 TURNER: The old Téméraire 268 CONSTABLE: Willy Lott's House 275 BONINGTON: La Place de Molards, Geneva 290 COROT: Landscape 316 MILLET: The Wood-Sawyers 370
IN BLACK AND WHITE
ACHENBACH, ANDREAS. Sea Coast after a Storm 247 Fishing Boats in the North Sea 249
ADAM, ALBRECHT. Albrecht Adam and his Sons 112 A Stable in Town 113
BAADE, KNUT. Moonlight Night on the Coast 253
BECKER, JACOB. A Tempest 165
BERGE, CHARLES DE LA. Landscape 263
BOILLY, LEOPOLD. The Toilette 2 The Newsvendor 3 The Marionettes 4
BONHEUR, ROSA. The Horse-Fair 351 Ploughing in Nivernois 353
BONINGTON, RICHARD PARKES. The Windmill of Saint-Jouin 290 Reading Aloud 291 Portrait of Richard Parkes Bonington 293
BONNAT, LÉON. Adolphe Thiers 423 Victor Hugo 424
BONVIN, FRANÇOIS. The Cook 427 The Work-Room 428
BRETON, ÉMILE. The Return of the Reapers 225 The Gleaner 226
BRION, GUSTAVE. Jean Valjean 221
BUNBURY, WILLIAM HENRY. Richmond Hill 9
BÜRKEL, HEINRICH. Portrait of Heinrich Bürkel 143 Brigands Returning 144 A Downpour in the Mountains 145 A Smithy in Upper Bavaria 146
BUSCH, WILHELM. Portrait of Wilhelm Busch 29
CABAT, LOUIS. Le Jardin Beaujon 264
CALAME, ALEXANDRE. Landscape 250
CHAPLIN, CHARLES. The Golden Age 418 Portrait of Countess Aimery de la Rochefoucauld 419
CHARLET, NICOLAS TOUISSAINT. Un homme qui boît seul n'est pas digne de vivre 95
CHINTREUIL, ANTOINE. Landscape: Morning 343
CONSTABLE, JOHN. Portrait of John Constable 274 Church Porch, Bergholt 275 Dedham Vale 277 The Romantic House 278 The Cornfield 279 Cottage in a Cornfield 283 The Valley Farm 285
COPLEY, JOHN SINGLETON. The Death of the Earl of Chatham 65
COROT, CAMILLE. Portrait of Camille Corot 306 The Bridge of St. Angelo, Rome 307 Corot at Work 308 Daphnis and Chloe 309 Vue de Toscane 310 At Sunset 311 The Ruin 312 Evening 313 An Evening in Normandy 314 The Dance of the Nymphs 315 A Dance 316 La Route d'Arras 317
COURBET, GUSTAVE. Portrait of Gustave Courbet 393 The Man with a Leather Belt. Portrait of Himself as a Youth 394 A Funeral at Ornans 395 The Stone-Breakers 397 The Return from Market 400 The Battle of the Stags 401 A Woman Bathing 402 Deer in Covert 403 Girls lying on the Bank of the Seine 404 A Recumbent Woman 405 Berlioz 406 The Hind on the Snow 407 My Studio after Seven Years of Artistic Life 409 The Wave 412
COX, DAVID. Crossing the Sands 286 The Shrimpers 287
CROME, JOHN (OLD CROME). A View near Norwich 273
CRUIKSHANK, GEORGE. Monstrosities of 1822 6
DANHAUSER, JOSEF. The Gormandizer 179
DAUBIGNY, CHARLES FRANÇOIS. Portrait of Charles François Daubigny 335 Springtime 336 A Lock in the Valley of Optevoz 337 On the Oise 338 Shepherd and Shepherdess 339 Landscape: Evening 341
DAUMIER, HONORÉ. Portrait of Honoré Daumier 37 The Connoisseurs 38 The Mountebanks 39 In the Assize Court 40 "La voilà ... ma Maison de Campagne" 41 Menelaus the Victor 42
DEBUCOURT, LOUIS PHILIBERT. In the Kitchen 33 The Promenade 34
DECAMPS, ALEXANDRE. The Swineherd 127 Coming out from a Turkish School 129 The Watering-Place 131
DEFREGGER, FRANZ. Portrait of Franz Defregger 208 Speckbacher and his Son 209 The Wrestlers 210 Sister and Brothers 211 The Prize Horse 213 Andreas Hofer appointed Governor of the Tyrol 215
DÉTAILLE, EDOUARD. Salut aux Blessés 111
DIAZ, NARCISSE VIRGILIO. Portrait of Narcisse Diaz 328 The Descent of the Bohemians 329 Among the Foliage 331 The Tree Trunk 332 Forest Scene 333
DUBOIS, PAUL. Portrait of my Sons 421
DUPRÉ, JULES. Portrait of Jules Dupré 318 The House of Jules Dupré at L'isle-Adam 319 The Setting Sun 320 The Bridge at L'isle-Adam 321 Near Southampton 322 The Punt 323 Sunset 324 The Hay-Wain 325 The old Oak 326 The Pool 327
DURAN, CAROLUS. Portrait of Carolus Duran 422
ENHUBER, CARL. The Pensioner and his Grandson 163
ERHARD, JOHANN CHRISTOPH. Portrait of Johann Christoph Erhard 21 A Peasant Scene 22 A Peasant Family 23
FLÀMM, ALBERT. A Summer Day 251
FLÜGGEN, GISBERT. The Decision of the Suit 186
FRITH, WILLIAM POWELL. Poverty and Wealth 89
FROMENTIN, EUGÈNE. Portrait of Eugène Fromentin 133 Arabian Women returning from drawing Water 134 The Centaurs 135
GAILLARD, FERDINAND. Portrait 420
GAVARNI (SULPICE GUILLAUME CHEVALIER). Portrait of Gavarni 43 Thomas Vireloque 44 Fourberies de Femmes 45 Phèdre at the Théâtre Français 48 "Ce qui me manque à moi? Une t'ite mère comme ça, qu'aurait soin de mon linge" 49
GILLRAY, JAMES. Affability 5
GRÉVIN, ALFRED. Nos Parisiennes 51
GRÜTZNER, EDUARD. Twelfth Night 219
GUILLAUMET, GUSTAVE. The Séguia, near Biskra 136 A Dwelling in the Sahara 137
GURLITT, LUDWIG. On the Sabine Mountains 245
GUYS, CONSTANTIN. Study of a Woman 50
HARPIGNIES, HENRI. Moonrise 344
HÉBERT, ERNEST. The Malaria 123
HESS, PETER. The Reception of King Otto in Nauplia 114 A Morning at Partenkirche 142
HÜBNER, CARL. July 187
HUET, PAUL. Portrait of Paul Huet 265 The Inundation at St. Cloud 266
HUGO, VICTOR. Ruins of a Mediæval Castle on the Rhine 261
JACQUE, CHARLES. The Return to the Byre (Etching) 355 A Flock of Sheep on the Road 356 Millet at Work in his Studio 365 Millet's House at Barbizon 366
KAUFFMANN, HERMANN. Woodcutters Returning 154 A Sandy Road 155 Returning from the Fields 156
KEENE, CHARLES. The Perils of the Deep 17 From "Our People" 19
KIRNER, JOHANN. The Fortune Teller 162
KLEIN, JOHANN ADAM. A Travelling Landscape Painter 20
KNAUS, LOUIS. Portrait of Louis Knaus 195 In great Distress 196 The Card-Players 197 The Golden Wedding 199 Behind the Scenes 201
KOBELL, WILLIAM. A Meeting 141
KOCH, JOSEPH ANTON. Portrait of Josef Anton Koch 231
KRAFFT, PETER. The Soldier's Return 170
LANDSEER, SIR EDWIN. A Distinguished Member of the Humane Society 72 The last Mourner at the Shepherd's Grave 73 High Life 74 Low Life 75
LAWRENCE, SIR THOMAS. Mrs. Siddons 57 Princess Amelia 58 The English Mother 59 The Countess Gower 61
LEECH, JOHN. The Children of Mr. and Mrs. Blenkinsop 11 Little Spicey and Tater Sam 11 From "Children of the Mobility" 12
LELEUX, ADOLPHE. Mot d'ordre 181
LESLIE, CHARLES ROBERT. Sancho and the Duchess 87
LESSING, CARL FRIEDRICH. Portrait of Carl Friedrich Lessing 239 The Wayside Madonna 240
MACLISE, DANIEL. Noah's Sacrifice 67 Malvolio and the Countess 68
MADOU, JEAN BAPTISTE. In the Ale-house 172 The Drunkard 173
MARCHAL, CHARLES. The Hiring Fair 223
MARCKE, EMILE VAN. La Falaise 354
MARILHAT, PROSPER. A Halt 132
DU MAURIER, GEORGE. The Dancing Lesson 13 A Recollection of Dieppe 14 Down to Dinner 15 A Wintry Walk 16
MEISSONIER, ERNEST. Portrait of Ernest Meissonier 101 1814 103 The Outpost 105
MEYERHEIM, FRIEDRICH EDUARD. Portrait of Friedrich Eduard Meyerheim 157 Children at Play 158 The King of the Shooting Match 159 The Morning Hour 160 The Knitting Lesson 161
MICHEL, GEORGES. A Windmill 262
MILLAIS, SIR JOHN EVERETT. George du Maurier 12
MILLET, JEAN FRANÇOIS. Portrait of Himself 361 The House at Gruchy 363 The Winnower 367 A Man making Faggots 368 The Gleaners 369 Vine-dresser Resting 371 At the Well 373 Burning Weeds 375 The Angelus 377 The Shepherdess and her Sheep 378 The Shepherd at the Pen at Nightfall 379 A Woman feeding Chickens 380 The Shepherdess 381 The Labourer Grafting a Tree 383 A Woman Knitting 384 The Rainbow 385 The Barbizon Stone 387
MONNIER, HENRI. A Chalk Drawing 35 Joseph Proudhomme 36
MORGENSTERN, CHRISTIAN. A Peasant Cottage (Etching) 243
MORLAND, GEORGE. The Corn Bin 69 Going to the Fair 70 The Return from Market 71
MULLER, WILLIAM. Prayer in the Desert 138 The Amphitheatre at Xanthus 288
MULREADY, WILLIAM. Fair Time 88 Crossing the Ford 91
DE NEUVILLE, ALPHONSE. Portrait of Alphonse de Neuville 107 Le Bourget 109
NEWTON, GILBERT STUART. Yorick and the Grisette 83
OBERLÄNDER, ADOLF. Variations on the Kissing Theme. Rethel 30 Variations on the Kissing Theme. Gabriel Max 30 Variations on the Kissing Theme. Hans Makart 31 Portrait of Adolf Oberländer 31 Variations on the Kissing Theme. Genelli 32 Variations on the Kissing Theme. Alma Tadema 32
PETTENKOFEN, AUGUST VON. A Hungarian Village (Pencil Drawing) 224
PRELLER, FRIEDRICH. Portrait of Friedrich Preller 235 Ulysses and Leucothea 237
RAEBURN, SIR HENRY. Sir Walter Scott 63
RAFFET, AUGUSTE MARIE. Portrait of Auguste Marie Raffet 96 The Parade 97 1807 98 Polish Infantry 99 The Midnight Review 100
REID, SIR GEORGE. Portrait of Charles Keene 18
RIBOT, THÉODULE. The Studio 429 At a Norman Inn 430 Keeping Accounts 431 St. Sebastian, Martyr 432
RICARD, GUSTAVE. Madame de Calonne 417
RICHTER, LUDWIG. Portrait of Ludwig Richter 24 Home 25 The End of the Day 26 Spring 27 After Work it's good to rest 28
RIEDEL, AUGUST. The Neapolitan Fisherman's Family 124 Judith 125
ROBERT, HUBERT. Monuments and Ruins 259
ROBERT, LEOPOLD. Portrait of Leopold Robert 119 Fishers of the Adriatic 120 The Coming of the Reapers to the Pontine Marshes 121
ROMNEY, GEORGE. Portrait of George Romney 55 Lady Hamilton as Euphrosyne 56
ROTTMANN, KARL. Portrait of Karl Rottmann 232 The Coast of Sicily 233
ROUSSEAU, THÉODORE. Portrait of Théodore Rousseau 295 Morning 296 Landscape, Morning Effect 297 The Village of Becquigny in Picardy 299 La Hutte 301 Evening 302 Sunset 303 The Lake among the Rocks at Barbizon 304 A Pond, Forest of Fontainebleau 305
ROWLANDSON, THOMAS. Harmony 7
SCHIRMER, JOHANN WILHELM. An Italian Landscape 241
SCHNETZ, VICTOR. An Italian Shepherd 122
SPITZWEG, CARL. Portrait of Carl Spitzweg 147 At the Garret Window 148 A Morning Concert 149 The Postman 151
STEVENS, ALFRED. The Lady in Pink 413 La Bête à bon Dieu 414 The Japanese Mask 415 The Visitors 416
TASSAERT, OCTAVE. Portrait of Octave Tassaert 182 After the Ball 183 The Orphans 184 The Suicide 185
TIDEMAND, ADOLF. The Sectarians 167 Adorning the Bride 169
TROYON, CONSTANT. Portrait of Constant Troyon 345 In Normandy: Cows Grazing 346 Crossing the Stream 347 The Return to the Farm 348 A Cow scratching Herself 349
TURNER, JOSEPH MALLORD WILLIAM. Portrait of J. M. W. Turner 267 A Shipwreck 268 Dido building Carthage 269 Jumièges 270 Landscape with the Sun rising in a Mist 271 Venice 272
VAUTIER, BENJAMIN. Portrait of Benjamin Vautier 202 The Conjurer 203 The Dancing Lesson 205 November 207
VERNET, HORACE. The Wounded Zouave 93
VOLLON, ANTOINE. Portrait of Antoine Vollon 425 A Carnival Scene 426
WALDMÜLLER, FERDINAND. The First Step 171
WALLANDER, WILHELM. The Return 227
WEBSTER, THOMAS. The Rubber 85
WEST, BENJAMIN. The Death of Nelson 64
WIERTZ, ANTOINE. The Orphans 189 The Things of the Present as seen by Future Ages 191 The Fight round the Body of Patroclus 192
WILKIE, DAVID. Blind-Man's-Buff 77 A Guerilla Council of War in a Spanish Posada 79 The Blind Fiddler 80 The Penny Wedding 81 The First Earring 82
DE WINT, PETER. Nottingham 289