CHAPTER X.

THE FRENCH AND SCOTTISH WARS AND THE CONFIRMATION OF THE CHARTERS.

Commercial rivalry of English and French seamen 15 May, 1293. Battle off Saint-Mahé 1294. Edmund of Lancaster's failure to procure a settlement with Philip IV. The French occupation of Gascony June, 1294. War with France Preparations for a French campaign 1294. Revolts of Madog, Maelgwn, and Morgan Edward's danger at Aberconway 22 Jan., 1293. Battle of Maes Madog July. Welsh revolts suppressed 1295. Failure of the Gascon campaign Failure of attempted coalition against France Organisation of the English navy Treason of Sir Thomas Turberville The naval attack on England Rupture between Edward and the Scots 5 July. Alliance between the French and Scots Nov. The "Model Parliament" 1296. Gascon expedition and death of Edmund of Lancaster Edward's invasion of Scotland 27 April. Battle of Dunbar 10 July. Submission of John Balliol Conquest and administration of Scotland The Ragman Roll Sept., 1294. Consecration of Archbishop Winchelsea 29 Feb., 1296. Boniface VIII. issues _Clericis laicos_. Conflict of Edward and Winchelsea 24 Feb., 1297. Parliament at Salisbury Conflict of Edward with the earls July. Break up of the clerical opposition Increasing moderation of baronial opposition 24 Aug. Edward's departure for Flanders May. Revolt of the Scots under William Wallace. 11 Sept. Battle of Stirling Bridge. 12 Oct. Confirmation of the charters with new clauses.