CHAPTER XIX.

DUELLING IN GERMANY AND THE NORTH OF EUROPE.

Duelling abolished in Iceland, after the fatal Meeting between the Poets Gunnlang and Rafn.--Laws of Duelling in Sweden, Norway, and Denmark.--Scandinavian Combats.--Anecdote of Gustavus the Second.--Romantic Trial by Ordeal in the Case of Maria of Aragon.--Edict of Frederick the Second against Duelling.--Edicts issued in Bavaria and the Austrian States.--Joseph the Second’s Sentiments on Duelling.--Anecdotes of Charles the Twelfth.--Duels among German Officers--and the Students at Jena.--A romantic Duel.--Madame de Staël’s observations on duelling in Germany.--Russian laws against Duelling.--Anecdotes.--Judicial Combats in Poland.--Frequency of Duelling among the Exiled Poles. 337