CHAPTER XIV.

REVIEW OF THE TYRIAN ÆRA; OR, THE FIRST EPOCH IN THE PRESENT ORIGINAL HISTORY OF ANCIENT AMERICA, AND THE EVIDENCES TO SUSTAIN IT.

In summing up a case to the Jury, it is generally understood that both Plaintiff and Defendant have been heard,--and especially that the witnesses have been cross-examined: in assuming, therefore, our present position in regard to the summary of evidence, we have endeavoured throughout this historic cause, not only to be Plaintiff for the History, but have also in many places been Defendant and cross-examined our own points and witnesses, and even ourselves, in order to anticipate and answer demurrers or objections. Whether any apparent objections yet remain, and if so, whether they have been sufficiently overruled by the arguments, is for the Jury (_i. e._ the Public) to decide; and whether the verdict be in the affirmative for the Plaintiff--or in the negative,--we shall receive the announcement from the Foreman (_i. e._ the Press) with perfect acquiescence in his judgment; and while our blood and nature will not permit a cringing of the knee for favour or for flattery,--yet we ask, and expect, from that intellectual Foreman (whose voice is now potential with the Jury) that liberal Justice which he knows so well how to dispense: and especially in a novel case, comprehending so enlarged a field of original argument, reasoning, and resources as the present one.

To establish that the Aborigines of South and Central (_i. e._ Mexican) America, were from the Last of the Tyrian family in Asia, the following arguments and evidences have been produced: viz.--The separation of the Aborigines of the Western Hemisphere into two distinct races, or people;--and that division justified by absolute contrasts in their moral and physical condition and manners,--in their political and Religious customs and observances;--and in addition to these powerful contrasts, is the fact,--that _North_ America possesses _no Architectural stone ruins_,--while in the Mexican portion of the Continent, many Cities and Temples have been found.

The great and injurious error of naming the Aborigines--"INDIANS"--was pointed out,--as well as the Author, and the cause of the misnomer, and its effects. The title of the first Epoch was then given, and the arrangement of the several propositions for establishing its truth.

An elaborate argument was next founded upon the important and interesting question,--"Are the Fine-Arts of sufficient authority, to be received in evidence, for establishing historical records or events?" Having produced an answer _con amore_,--and especially illustrated the answer, by the resuscitation of the Ruins of Rome, we proceeded in the belief that the argument was conclusive and in the affirmative.

The fact was then established of the discovery of the ancient Ruins in Southern or Central America,--viz., at Mitla, Cholula, Uxmal, Palenque, Quirigua, Ocosingo, Tecpan-Guatimala, Gueguetinango, Quichē, Copan, Chi-chen, Zayi, Kabah, Espita, Ticol, and Labnah,--and these severally upon the high authority of the justly renowned Humboldt,--the Spanish Commissioners Del Rio and Waldeck,--Dupaix and Galindo,--and last, not least, the enterprising American Traveller, Stephens,--and his artist-associate, Catherwood:--and to which list may now be added the name of Norman. Stephens has investigated other Ruins in Yucatan, but they are precisely analogous to that of Uxmal. Reference was then made to the Mexican Paintings preserved in the Vatican, Bologna, and Madrid, and republished in the folio Volumes by Lord Kingsborough.

Extracts followed from the descriptions of the Ruins of Copan, Palenque, and Uxmal, with such commentaries as were required, for illustration of the Architecture and Sculpture, or for detecting errors.

A Critical analysis was then presented of the conclusions arrived at by Stephens, in reference to the Architecture, and of the Nations rejected by him as the builders. His errors were shewn by his own contradictions; and the basis of his argument being founded upon those errors, the conclusions, as a necessity, fell to the ground; for it was shewn that the only Nation or People that could claim to be the Architects, and having means to reach the Continent, were not so much as mentioned by him, and consequently not investigated. If he had done so, it would instantly have interfered with a favourite conclusion, which he was determined to arrive at; if not by artistical and scientific reasoning, at least by one of the noblest _traits_ in the human character,--viz., Love of Country. This was so pardonable in a book merely of "Incidents of Travel," that while it could not deprive honest criticism of exposing the sophistry, it at once, from pure sympathy in the sentiment, withheld the shaft of condemnation.

We then proceeded to prove, upon the direct rules of Art, that the pyramidal ruins forming bases for receiving--and with the peculiar superstructures on them, that they were only traceable as Egypto-Tyrian Architecture--that the Sculpture aided this conclusion, and finally established the Nation to be Tyrian, from recording the celebrated worship of Saturn,--the victim-craving Moloch of Canaan's descendants.

A no less strong than interesting proof, we submit, was brought to the consideration of the reader, in the general identity between Solomon's Temple of Jerusalem, _built by Tyrians_, and the Temples of Palenque and Copan.

A convincing catalogue of Analogies was then produced, establishing direct identity between the ancient Tyrians and Mexicans; even as to the manner of disposing of the dead, as illustrated in the discovered Mummies of the two Nations: to which proofs were added the historical traditions of the Aborigines as to where they came from,--viz., "the East:"--the place where they first landed,--viz., "first touched at Florida," &c.; and the period of their arrival,--viz., "before the Christian Æra." Mr. Stephens's _second_ visit to Yucatan was alluded to, and it was shewn that the additional discoveries did not only not oppose this History, but on the contrary actually supported it. In support of their own assertions of having reached the Continent by means of Navigation, it was then stated, upon the authority of the Spanish historian, Sahagun, that they produced to Cortez, Maps and Charts of the Bay of Honduras; and so accurate were they from ancient times, that the Spanish Conqueror was saved from wreck, during a perilous voyage in those Seas, by following their direction.

The remains of an ancient Galley were mentioned as having been found, deeply imbedded in the sands of the eastern, or Atlantic shore, of South America; and this was given upon good authority.

These facts, analogies, and traditions, naturally turned the mind to a Nation, having the "means and appliances" to reach the Western Hemisphere at so early a period as that contemplated by the antiquity of the Ruins,--or the ancient days in which the traditions originated; and having already established the builders, from the Architecture and Analogies, to be Tyrian, it was with singular pleasure when we found that the Nautical investigation enabled--it compelled us--to arrive at the same conclusion.

Tyrus, therefore, being as it were the Founder of Ancient America, called for her antecedent history:--commencing with a review of the Phœnician nations generally, we proceeded to give the history of the chief events of Tyrus,--analyzing the romance and spirit of the Tyrian People; unfolding her ill-directed commercial policy and monopoly--tracing her rise and fall to their _causes_, and thus removed the wonder created by contemplating the terrible but certain _effects_. This we humbly consider is the only true philosophy of History. As we dwelt upon the reign of Hiram the Great with that pleasure arising from delineating the blessings of Peace and the progress of the Arts; so were we elaborate in our description of the Siege and Fall of Tyrus, through the invasion by Alexander of Macedon,--that the horrors and curses of War, and the destruction of civilization, should be the more forcibly estimated by contrast; that Invaders or Conquerors should receive the scorn and curse they deserve, and Patriots and Peace-Makers the praise and blessings they merit, and must receive from GOD and Man! Our history of the Tyrian Nation is indeed but a picture of the past; yet we shall dare hope that it contains no useless record, but that in each event delineated, may be seen the secret lesson for the present and the future!

In Chapter VI. (Vol. i., Book ii.) was investigated, the first circumnavigation of the African Continent by the Tyrians, and we respectfully submit, that it was established to have been accomplished, and that the Fortunate Isles were discovered during that voyage. The "means" possessed at that time for such an exposition, or any other, were detailed; as also, especially, the causes, effects, and locality of the East-Wind of Scriptural language, and its influences in propelling or opposing vessels to, or from, the Western Continent.

Having identified the builders of the ancient Cities (from the Architecture, Analogies, and Traditions) to have been Tyrians, it followed as a necessity for the commencement of the History of Ancient America that we must establish the year in which those Tyrians landed,--still having regard to the antiquity of the Ruins. That the migration to the Western Hemisphere was _not_ undertaken by the _Nation_ of Tyrus in its days of _prosperity_ was, and is, conclusively established by the fact that the voyagers never returned to announce the accomplishment of the expedition, as they would have done had they been sent by the King or Nation, as in the case of the Voyage around Africa. If it had been a National expedition, and they had under that authority discovered the Western Continent, they must have returned to Tyrus,--for the absence of the fair portion of our race would prevent their remaining,--or if they did remain, arguments in reference to descendants could not be advanced, and therefore an useless hypothesis in regard to the present history. Since then the Tyrians did not reach the Western Continent during the period of their national prosperity,--that fact pointed at once to an æra when decay or desolation had the ascendancy, and this did not exist until their last doom and fall, when fire and sword felled the nation--as an Island-Tree--to the earth,--a few leaves only were rescued by a friendly gale, and thus escaped the conflagration! That last day of Tyrus we distinctly pointed out, and from undisputed history, to have been the 20th of August, 332 years before Christ, which date is not opposed by the character of the Ruins, or the traditions of the Aborigines,--but supported by both.

It was then pointed out that the "remnant" saved by the Sidonians could nowhere land upon the shores of the Mediterranean, from the natural fear of Alexander's continued vengeance; and the "remnant," or their descendants, cannot be traced in Europe, Asia, or Africa,--except upon the Isle of Teneriffe,--as evidenced by the discovery of the Mummies,--the identity between them and those in Peru, we mentioned, formed at once a connecting chain across the Atlantic. The Fortunate Isles discovered by their ancestors were their only refuge immediately after the desolation of their country,--and being there, the fears of pursuit would naturally possess them. With means furnished by the Sidonians, it was submitted that freedom was assured to them; for, upon leaving the Island of the snow-crowned Peak, their knowledge of Astronomy, and the power of the Rowers would aid their voyage,--but apart from those powerful adjuncts, it was proved that the constant East-Wind would waft them Westward, and with their double-rudders lashed amidships, their Galleys must "touch at Florida," on a direct line from Teneriffe, and within the changes of a moon,--thence the voyage could not be of that duration to compel return from the want of the means of sustenance.

In the translation of the Sculpture of the Chief Altar at Copan, it was shewn that the magic Art had _portrayed the identical act of friendship_ leading to the safety of the Tyrians; and their Nation is perfectly illustrated by the accessories upon the Altar,--and having translated the Sculpture, we maintained (in humble submission to the opinion of others) that the definition of the hieroglyphics on the surface of the Altar was also arrived at,--upon the admitted ground of argument that one but illustrated the other.

We have reserved a strong conclusive proof of _the correctness of the date_ assigned for the Migration until this time,--and although not necessary for evidence, yet it will (we believe) not fail to have its due effect upon the critic. We will illustrate this proof in brief chronological order: viz.--

606 B. C.] Voyage around the continent of Africa by the Tyrians.

585 B. C.] Commencement of the first Siege of Tyrus; the mainland capital destroyed in the thirteenth year, and thence became a vassal Nation.

515 B. C.] Restoration of Tyrus as a Nation, after seventy years of vassalage from the beginning of the above siege, according to Prophecy.

484 B. C.] Herodotus wrote his History of Egypt; in it he mentions the great expedition around Africa in 606 B. C. by the Tyrians; but that voyage only, therefore, _down to his time_ [viz., 484 B. C.] the Migration to the Western Hemisphere had not been attempted, and he wrote only 152 years before the Alexandrian Siege.

332 B. C.] Siege and destruction of Tyrus by the Macedonian. Arrian makes no allusion to any migration to, or knowledge by the Tyrians of, a Western Continent, at any time during the period from Herodotus to the last Siege,--it is, therefore, a fair deduction that none took place, nor was it known to that period,--viz., 332 B. C.--but at that Siege, upon the authority of the same author, many fugitive families were rescued (during the storming of the capital) by the Sidonians.

Down, then, to the period of the Siege of 332 B. C., no emigration to, or discovery of, a Western Continent was known or recorded, and yet Tyrians are found to have been upon that distant land,--both points we claim at once to be admitted; and will, therefore, instantly establish that the Tyrians landing in America could be no other than those rescued by the Sidonians, and as a necessity the date is correctly given for commencing the History of Ancient America at 332 B. C. To sustain this proposition of additional proof the following brief argument is presented: viz.--Upon the annihilation of _Canaan_-Tyrus;--and all its inhabitants found within the walls being either murdered or sent as slaves into Macedonia and other nations,--Alexander repopulated the destroyed Capital with people from the Grecian countries, and _speaking the language of the Greeks_; the same was done at Alexandria, and this language was there, and at Grecian-Tyrus, continued to, and after, the time of THE SAVIOUR; and it had a material effect in advancing Christianity, for Jerusalem being between Tyrus and Alexandria, and the three capitals having that language as the general medium of writing and conversation, the early Doctrines of the Christian Church were rapidly promulgated and promoted. After August 20th, then, [332 B.C.] the _Greek language only_, in compliment to, and by the command of Alexander, was spoken at _Greco_-Tyrus; therefore (will not the critic anticipate?) as an absolute necessity, admitting of no denial, if the _Greek_-Tyrians had left Phœnicia, and landed on the Western Continent _after_ the year 332 B.C.; and it has been shewn that none of the ancient Tyrians reached there _before_ that period--_the Greek language_ would be found upon _the Altar of Copan_; instead of which, _hieroglyphics_ are only there; and they,--being translated by analyzing the story of the attendant Sculpture,--at once unfold the last incident in the Asiatic history of the Tyrian family, descended from Sidon and the House of Canaan!

As the Author, we stated in commencing the above illustration, that this last proof of the correctness of the date, was "a strong conclusive" one,--will it not be regarded by the historic Reader as absolute and conclusive?

If any documents of antiquity could be found,--written in the Phœnician character, and distinctly stating the fact, that the Tyrians did migrate to the Western Continent, and in the year specified, no one would doubt _that_ evidence; well then, those documents of the olden time have been found, and readable only in the Tyrian language;--they are to be seen at this day, upon the walls and altars in Ancient America,--Architecture and Sculpture were the true Historians,--and Old Time,--the twin-born with Creation,--has been the faithful Keeper of the Archives, and which unfold undeniable Truths of Prophesied Religion!

And finally,--we brought forward for reflection and solemn consideration, five branches of a great and dormant Prophecy;--yet each within itself a Prophecy,--and how truly they have been fulfilled, the previous arguments (we shall dare believe) and the historic facts have illustrated and established. If then these Tyrian Prophecies are admitted to be correctly applied,--and the proof of the last one, being identified as having been fulfilled in Ancient America,--then, as a necessity, the conclusion is,--that the Seal of that Prophet is placed for ever upon the _truth_ of this branch of the present History.

An additional claim we now with confidence advance, for receiving an acquiescence in the entire Work, and as a necessity, in this portion of it,--viz., That the first Prediction in the Bible concerning the Human Family, together with the Malediction of Noah upon a branch of it, _are both proved to have been fulfilled by the Tyrian and Israelitish identity in the Western Hemisphere, and their Conquerors being of the Spanish and Anglo-Saxon race_;--therefore, the last words of the Diluvian Patriarch sustain the present summary of our evidence. This interesting discovery will be enlarged upon in the following and concluding chapter, devoted to the refutation of atheistical denials of the Truth of Sacred Prophecy.

In the belief--from the "foregone conclusions"--that the first Epoch of the Western Hemisphere, identifying the Southern division of it as Tyrian-America,--will be received a verdict in the affirmative, we shall proceed with the other branches of our cause,--viz., Israel and Christianity,--with renewed energy, arising from the same firm conviction of their Truth. The commencement of the Annals of Ancient America will, consequently, be dated from the last siege of Canaan-Tyrus by Alexander of Macedon, 332 B. C.

CHAPTER THE LAST.

A REFUTATION OF ATHEISTICAL DENIAL OF THE TRUTH OF PROPHECY, FOUNDED UPON THE NATIONAL IDENTITIES IN THE WESTERN HEMISPHERE.

"_For had ye believed_ MOSES, _ye would have believed Me, for he wrote of Me; but if ye believed not_ HIS WRITINGS, _how shall ye believe_ MY WORDS?"

CHRIST to the Pharisees.

The Tyrian translation of the "Rosetta-Stones" of Ancient America, we maintain, has brought to light the fulfilment of another Prophecy from Holy-Writ, and which for centuries has been dormant from the want of a correct, or an apparent application; but, that Prophecy was uttered concerning the Tyrian Nation, and is now directly applicable to those "sojourners afar off." This discovery possesses a double power and testimony: viz.--

1st. It unfolds the _cause_ why Tyrians should be on the Western Continent, by pointing at the terrible event, and its results leading to the _effect_.

2dly. While the Prophecy directs us to the fact of the Tyrian Migration;--the discovery and identity of the Tyrians being on the Western Hemisphere establish the truth and fulfilment of the Prophecy;--thus giving additional value to that portion of Scripture, which in the eyes of unbelievers has been looked upon with impious doubt or suspicion.

In a Work like the present, wherein an Original Theory, claims to be admitted into the Library of History,--and to be established there, upon the solid ground of argument and investigation only,--there is, therefore, no points of argument or objections that can consistently be passed by as unworthy of notice: and although under other circumstances, our early education, and mature belief would not permit even the mention of those sceptics, from whose lips in regard to this Prophecy objections will come,--yet in justice to our subject, and in duty and devotional gratitude to that Religion, through the merits of which we believe Salvation alone can be received,--we cannot retreat from the encounter even with the foes of Faith, but boldly meet them upon their own chosen field of atheism;--for this discovery in Tyrian-America has forced them into a defile, from which,--like the army in the Caudian death-vale,--there is no escape from the guarded and surrounding passes!

Arguments to prove Scriptural truths, are not required for those who have placed their hope, as an anchor of Salvation, within the safe harbour of the Two Testaments:--but, even those believers will rest upon Ararat with confirmed security; and sceptics may be led (from finding no resting-place) to approach that Ark for safety, and to bring with them even the olive-leaf, when Time continues to give forth, even at this day,--renewed proofs that the visioned words of the Sacred Prophets, were originally from The Supreme GOD!

Such a Divine herald was MOSES; and next in dignity from the importance of his mission was ISAIAH. The millions of Christians now living, and the thousands of millions covered by the mantle of death, within the dark mansions of the grave, do, and have believed, that that inspired writer truly foretold to Ahaz, King of Judæa, that "God's sign" should be the _Miraculous Birth_ from a _Virgin_-Mother of a REDEEMER--of CHRIST IMMANUEL. [_i. e._ God with us.]

That same Prophet foretold the Fall of Tyrus. JEREMIAH and EZEKIEL did the same. Their writings concerning that event respectively bear date 712-606-588 years B.C. They also foretold that Judæa should be captive to the Babylonian 70 years; which time, computed from the capture of Jerusalem and destruction of the first Temple, 588 B.C., to the period of building the _Second_ Temple, 518 B.C., would exactly complete the fulfilment of the Prophecy: or if the time is computed from the captivity of the _King_ of Judæa, 606 B.C., to the return of the Jewish people from Babylon, 536 B.C., then the 70 years are, also, exactly accomplished.

Tyrus, said ISAIAH, should be forgotten as a Nation for 70 years; which time, reckoned from the first year of the Siege by Nebuchadnezzar, 585 B.C., brings the period to 515 B.C., the year in which the Second Temple was _dedicated_; and at which the Tyrians assisting, they obtained again their National position: therefore, that Prophecy, and that concerning Judæa, were strictly fulfilled.

Now atheistical writers endeavour to maintain that MOSES, ISAIAH, DANIEL, JEREMIAH, EZEKIEL, and the long line of Prophets never existed, and that the entire Volume of the Bible was originally written by EZRA! the chief Priest and Lawgiver of the Jewish Nation, at the return from the captivity in Babylon, 536 B.C.; and that, as he wrote from 536 to 456 B.C., therefore in composing the Bible, _after the dates of the events specified_, he could, and did, so arrange the Prophecies, as _if_ spoken by men who lived before the fulfilments, but, who in fact (they argue) never did exist; and that he wrote nothing for Prophecy, the accomplishment of which was to take place after his (Ezra's) own time, _and that no fulfilment of any Prophecy_ AFTER HIS TIME _can be_ HISTORICALLY _established,--the foretelling of which is anywhere found in the Old Testament_! That is the data upon which atheists and deists found their arguments against the Bible,--against the vital principle of its truth,--viz., the Prophecies.

We, therefore, propose to meet those arguments, and refute the reckless denials, upon their own chosen ground,--giving them, even the advantage of the latest date claimed by them,--viz., 456 B. C., the latest period in which Ezra wrote.

Before we refute their pseudo-reasoning upon the Prophecies, we will shew that Scriptural authority is _not_ rejected by them; that it is distinctly allowed by them, although unconsciously. It must be apparent that they admit the authority of the Bible, and the existence of the Jews as a Nation (which they deny), for they accredit Ezra and his companions as writers and compilers of The Volume, "after their return as Captives from Babylon." Here then is a direct admission (though unwittingly) that the Jews were a Nation, and of sufficient importance to have been made captive by so powerful a Monarch as the King of Babylon; and that they returned at all, is only obtainable from the Bible, and they admit "their return;" therefore they admit the _record_ of the Scripture!

Again:--they say with apparent triumph, in regard to the Bible being in the letters of Babylon, and not in the Jewish characters (and thence they deduce that the Jews were not a Nation),--viz., "As all these men (Ezra and his followers) had been captives in Babylon, and could no where else be taught to write, how could these Books (_i. e._ of the Bible) be COMPOSED in any other than the Chaldæan characters?" _i. e._ letters.

We grant that the Bible was TRANSLATED by Ezra, and his Scribes, into the Chaldee, which was the language of the learned among the Babylonians, and acquired by the Jews during their captivity; and is now at this day, the language (_i. e._ letters) of our present Hebrew Bible;--but, 36 years before the Captivity, viz., 624 B. C., the Mosaical Books of the Laws, (_i. e._ the Pentateuch and others) were found in the Old Temple, and they were read by Shaphan to King Josiah, and of course in the original language of ISRAEL (_not Hebrew_), which we will prove in the next Volume to have been nearly identical with those of ancient Phœnicia and Egypt. Therefore, that the Book or Books were now written by Ezra in the Chaldee--_or right-angular letter_--is a conclusive proof _that it was a Translation_, and being so, as a necessity, it must have been from an _original_ Book or Bible, and consequently, of _antecedent_ date to the period of Ezra.

Even in the Apocryphal Book of Esdras (2d) (and quoted from as authority by atheists), and who is identical from date with Ezra,--there is a sentence proving the previous existence of the Bible, which he is about to rewrite, or translate.--Esdras (_i. e._ Ezra) says, in his address to The Deity,--

"But if I have found grace before thee, send the Holy-Ghost into me, _and I shall write all that hath been done in the World since the beginning_ [_i. e._ the Creation] WHICH WERE WRITTEN IN THE LAW [_i. e._ Original Books of MOSES] that men may find thy path, and that they which will live in latter days, may live." [_i. e._ eternally.]

Now the capitalized line distinctly proves the existence of a previous Book of "the Law," and in the original language; and the preceding line defines that it contained "all that had been done in the World" from the Creation; therefore, the Books of Moses (and others) as we read them at this day.

The first translation of the Bible was by Ezra, 536 B. C., from the original language of Israel, into the Chaldee characters; (_i. e._ incorrectly called _Hebrew_ by us at this day)--the second translation was from the Chaldee into the Greek letters, in the reign of Ptolemy Philadelphus, 277 B. C., when 72 learned Jews (Chaldee and Greek Scholars) were employed upon the subject; consequently the Bible remained in the Chaldæan language untranslated for 259 years. In the period of THE SAVIOUR the Bible was read, not only in the Chaldee-Hebrew, but in the Greek language; and that being the prevailing tongue (as before stated) in Phœnicia, consequent upon the invasion by Alexander; as, also, at Jerusalem and in Egypt, the precepts of the Old Testament were, therefore, understood by the Jews and the Gentiles, who were thus prepared to receive a MESSIAH, through the intelligence derived only from the Sacred Prophets. CHRIST visited the coasts of Tyrus and Sidon, and was addressed by the Woman of Faith (without doubt) in the Greek language. [Mathew xv. 21-28.]

The _New Testament_ was originally written in the Greek language,--for that was the language of the learned at the period of the Apostles,--and consequently the Gospel was quickly promulgated--both by writing and preaching--to the nations surrounding Jerusalem:--thus the invasion of Alexander,--by establishing in Syria, Palestine, and Egypt, one language, (_i. e._ the Greek) became an instrument, (although from a pagan,) for the promulgation of the true Faith,--thence fulfilling that "from evil cometh good."

The latest date of Ezra is 456 B. C., and sceptics boldly assert "That no Prophecy _previously_ announced [as to date] in the Bible, can be proved from _history_ to have been fulfilled _after_ that date!"

The first refutation (apart from THE REDEEMER'S prophesied birth) is from the Prophet DANIEL. From his vision he foretold that the fall of the Medes and Persians should be caused by a Grecian monarch (_i. e._ Alexander of Macedon), the former were portrayed as the horns of a Ram, and the latter as a brutal Goat. "And the Ram which thou sawest having two horns are the kings of Media and Persia,--and the rough goat is the king of Grecia." The _cause_ for Alexander's invasion of his enemy's territory is then given: "Behold there shall stand up yet three kings in Persia, and the fourth [Darius] shall be far richer than they all, and by his strength, through his riches, _he shall stir up all against the realm of Greece_."

The Prophecy then actually foretells what shall happen upon the death of Alexander, whereby his identity as the "king of Grecia" is absolute,--viz.,

"His (king of Grecia) kingdom shall be broken, and _shall be divided_ towards the four winds of Heaven, and _not to his posterity_, nor according to his dominion (Macedonia) which he ruled; for his kingdom shall be plucked up, even for others besides those [_i. e._ his posterity]. Now that (Alexander's dominion) being broken, whereas _four_ stood up for it,--_four kingdoms shall stand up out of the nation_--and in the latter time of their kingdom, when the transgressions are come to the full, a king of fierce countenance, and understanding dark sentences shall stand up."

Now every classic reader knows that Alexander conquered Darius, monarch of the Medes and Persians, and that upon the death of the Macedonian, that his kingdom was "_divided_" and that it did not descend "_to his posterity_," that "_four kingdoms_ did _stand up out of the nation_"--[_i. e._ of Macedonia]--viz., Asia was taken by Antigonus as his share;--Seleucus had Babylon and the surrounding provinces, Lysimachus the cities of the Hellespont, and Ptolemeus possessed Egypt--thus were the four new kings created,--Macedonia the original "nation," was given to Cassander. Here then is the direct fulfilment of Prophecy, and upon the authority of acknowledged History, which is the authority desired by sceptics. Now for the data.--DANIEL prophesied 553 years B. C., Ezra translated the Bible from the original tongue [536 B. C.], therefore ninety-seven years after DANIEL; but, following out the atheistical assertion,--viz.,--no fulfilment is proved from History (not Scriptural) after Ezra,--here then is a conclusive refutation, for Alexander died, and his kingdom was divided in 323 B. C., _consequently 213 years_ AFTER _the translation of the Bible by Ezra_; and the historic facts are firmly established upon the time-honoured authority of Arrian, Diodorus Siculus, Plutarch, and Josephus.

EZEKIEL'S Prophecy of the first fall, and of the general fate of Tyrus, was in the year 588 B. C., three years before the commencement of the Babylonian siege. In that Prophecy he says,

"Therefore thus saith the LORD GOD: Behold I am against thee, O Tyrus, and will cause many nations to come up against thee, as the sea causeth his waves to come up. And they shall destroy the walls of Tyrus and break down her towers. I will also scrape her dust from her, and I will make her like the top of a rock. _It shall be a place for the spreading of Nets in the midst of the sea._" * * * * * "I will make thee _like the top of a rock,--thou shalt be a place to spread Nets upon_, for I the LORD have spoken it, saith the LORD GOD."

What Tyrus was finally to become is twice uttered by EZEKIEL, as shewn by the above italicised quotations. Ezra's latest date is 456 B. C., but what is Tyrus at the present day--_twenty-three Centuries after_ Ezra? Why it is the living witness of the actual and identical fulfilment of the Prophecy!--for every Traveller from the Mediterranean testifies to the fact, that upon the _top of the rocks_ of the site of ancient Tyrus, are daily seen, spread out and drying in the sunlight, _some fifty or sixty Nets_, belonging to about the same number of fishermen, who reside in the vicinity! It is scarcely necessary to add, that those poor fishers of the sea have not in any manner been in collusion to establish the Sacred writings; but in all probability from their being uneducated Mahomedans, (yet believers in the Koran) are in total ignorance of the Bible, or the principles of Prophecy.

The foregone forms a refutation, no matter how late sceptics would date the writing, or the compilation of the Bible, for the fulfilment has been seen for ages, and is still visible upon the rocks of Tyrus. Why should we wonder then that another proof of the truth of Sacred Prophecy should only have been discovered in our own day, and upon the Western Continent? But mankind may well wonder, and they will so continue through all posterity, at the mysterious and inscrutable ways of The Almighty,--in the contemplation (we dare not say contrast) of whose ever-fruitful Power, the high soaring mind of man seem not only uncultured, but inarable!

The grand, yet silent majesty of GOD,-- His vivid, brilliant, and rapid Mind,-- Are figured in the lightning's piercing flash,-- When darting through the world's chaotic night, It penetrates and illumines all time and space! But mind of Man,--is like to the sequent thunder, Loud reverberating from cloud to cloud, Harmless, yet noisy; so from clime to clime He sends his loud sounding mandates,--no thought Giving, that his power ne'er had been, had not MANITOU'S eye-flash first oped the Time-cloud! Thus merely following as _effect_,--direction From a _Cause_,--of a Creation,--which he Can neither--(with all his loud thunder-talk)-- Increase or diminish,--tarnish or illumine![17]

[17] MS. Tragedy "Tecumseh."

The discovery and identity of the _Tyrian_ Ruins in Ancient America must give a complete annihilation to the impious argument of the atheists, for ISAIAH wrote 256 years _before_ Ezra, 380 before the Tyrian Siege by Alexander, and 712 before CHRIST. The first part of the newly-applied Prophecy was accomplished at the Macedonian massacre, and the rescuing of the "remnant" by the Sidonians,--this was in 332 B. C., consequently 204 _years after the Biblical translation by Ezra_:--while the last line of that Prophecy,--viz.,

"Her own feet shall carry her afar off to sojourn," although accomplished in the same year, has only been discovered (from the Ruins of Ancient America) to have been fulfilled, together with the "local habitation," at this present time,--_and therefore 2298 years after_ EZRA,--and 2554 years from its original promulgation by ISAIAH! And the reader should remember this important fact,--viz., that the discovery of the Ruins has been _since_ the atheistical writings of the sceptics,--their names we will not offend the eye with! If a man would crush a serpent, he should not elevate it to an idol, but place his heel upon its head, that it may be trodden under foot, and so forgotten! Bring forward the _venom_ of the serpent, if you will, and analyze it,--that you may avoid its corrupting qualities,--but give no _name_ to the serpent-sceptic itself,--lest that _that_ fame might have been the sole object of his ambition, and by granting his wish, it would have the evil tendency of inciting others to imitation. Many a public villain has become so, merely from the desire of acquiring the notoriety of a preceding one, whose name could only be equalled, by the imitation, or excelling of those crimes leading to the creation of the name. It is the same in the path of virtuous Patriotism. To acquire the name of an Alfred or a Washington, we must imitate the deeds, or the quality of the deeds, that made them so justly renowned,--_the Name of the Hero is the attraction_,--and therefore, in all records of crime, the names of the criminals, should not be held up to public gaze and wonder: for the desire of _evil notoriety_, forms no small minority in the human family. But in justice to fallen Nature, it would not be difficult to prove that all atheistical writers have been victims of insanity or intemperance,--the latter vice often producing the former calamity;--and there is nothing more astounding in hearing an unconfined Maniac deny the existence of a GOD,--than that one asylumned should assume that _he_ is THE ALMIGHTY! or that one should deny that CHRIST in his Divine Character was upon earth, than that another should really believe that _he_ is the SAVIOUR![18] But the misfortune has been, and is, that their _printed works_ may be read by persons of weak intellects, and so lead them into the paths of darkness and confusion.

[18] The first extraordinary case actually exists at the Hanwell Lunatic Asylum (England), now under the direction of the great philanthropist, Dr. JOHN CONOLLY (the governor of the noble institution), whose name will descend to posterity as one of the brightest ornaments to human nature; and in the enjoyment of whose personal friendship, the present writer has felt for years one of the highest compliments to his existence.

--The Maniac having somewhat recovered, was asked on a Sunday if he would attend Chapel:--assuming a look of earthly pride, he answered,--"To whom shall I pray?--I cannot offer prayers to _myself_!"

The other case, of a Maniac supposing himself to be THE SAVIOUR, occurred at Venice, in 1805: and to such an extent did his madness inthrall him, that he made himself a "crown of thorns," which he usually wore, and at last he actually attempted suicide by the means of _Crucifixion_! He succeeded in driving nails through his feet and right hand, and thus transfixed himself to a wooden _Cross_, and having wounded himself in the side, in imitation of the spear-wound of THE SAVIOUR, he succeeded in throwing the Cross out of a window; and it being secured with ropes, he thus exposed himself to the terrified Venetians! _Atheists and Deists are but Maniacs, whose minds are directly inverted to those believing themselves to be_ THE ALMIGHTY _or_ THE SAVIOUR.--G. J.

The Aborigines of North America cannot be made to comprehend that an atheist really does exist, although they have been so informed; it being so at variance with their own confirmed and Religious conviction. In illustration of this belief and veneration, we may be excused from quoting from our own unpublished Work upon Tecumseh,--the great Chieftain of the Northern Aborigines. It is part of Tecumseh's speech upon reviewing the Decalogue, and the necessity of our Laws, and is addressed to an Anglo-Saxon.

* * * * *

Yet for all thy laws, and large solemn books, Ye have among ye those who disbelieve The bright existence of a God Supreme! Yet they can scent the flower, or view a falling Star! Throughout all the Indian Tribes,--or race, There is not one such wretch, fool, or madman! Deny a GOD!--MANITOU!--in mercy Place Thou th' unbeliever where he may gaze In awe-struck wonder at _Niagära!_-- The living principle of th' Universe! Ope Thou his deaf ears to that mighty voice, Which doth silence e'en the loud thunder-storm,-- Whose presence there is not known, save its fire! Strike Thou conviction to his dying heart;* And as he gazes upon the Rainbows Circling the mist-column of those waters,-- Let him feel that they are the living types Of that mighty Arch, which Thine Eye of love Hath look'd upon; and which, as Covenant Of Thy parental care, will e'en survive The Earth-destroying tempest of the World!

ISAIAH seems to have alluded (inferentially at least) to the Western Hemisphere in his Tyrian Prophecy,--he writes:

"Her own feet shall carry her afar off to sojourn!"--the place or land, therefore, is not named by the Prophet,--or its locality defined by any relative name of any land then known,--yet it was to be "afar off," and to be reached by the means of Navigation, for the remnant were to "cry aloud from the _Sea_" in thanksgiving for their escape from the National massacre. Throughout the Scripture, names of localities are almost invariably defined; and in this very prophecy by ISAIAH,--he says--"The burden of _Tyre_,"--"Howl, ye ships of _Tarshish_," "the land of _Chittim_," "the merchants of _Sidon_," "the seed of _Sihor_," "concerning _Egypt_," "the land of the _Chaldeans_," "the _Assyrian_ founded it," &c.--but where the "sojourners" were to go is not specified, and for this apparent reason,--viz., that the "afar off" Continent had no "local habitation _or a name_" among the then existing nations of the Earth, whereby it could be designated; and when to this is joined the fact, that the "remnant" of the Tyrians are only found on that great Continent,--and that wherever they went "afar off" it should be by Nautical means;--these, we submit, form a conclusive proof that what is now termed America, but then nameless, was contemplated by the Prophet in his great prediction;--for we think that we are justified in the propositional belief, that when the pre-ordinance of THE ALMIGHTY was manifested to the Prophet,--the sacred prescience then obtained, conveyed the intelligence of the equi-hemispherical character of the Earth!

Sceptics may say,--"There is the Prophecy of NOAH!--is that sustained by these newly-discovered of ISAIAH'S, and by this present History?"--we answer distinctly in the affirmative,--and further, that the identity of Tyrians and Hebrews on the Western Continent, together with their Conquerors, completely establish the fulfilment of both the first Prophecy and the Malediction!

After the insult to his person by his youngest Son, the Patriarch uttered the Curse upon his youngest _grandson_--Canaan, as enlarged upon in the commencement of the Second Book of this Volume. The last recorded words of Noah are as follows: viz.--

"Cursed be _Canaan_! a servant of servants shall he be unto his _brethren_. Blessed be the Lord _God_ of _Shem_, and Canaan shall be _his_ servant. God shall enlarge _Japheth_, [the eldest] and he shall _dwell in the tents_ of Shem; and Canaan shall be _his_ [Japheth's] servant."--We offer the following brief analysis: viz.--

1st. _Canaan shall be the servant of Shem_:--proof of fulfilment as follows,--viz., Canaan's ten younger sons were the founders of the great family of the Canaanites,--these were subdued, slain or made captives by MOSES and JOSHUA, of the House of Israel, descended from Shem.

2d. _Canaan shall be a servant to his own Brethren_:--proof of fulfilment,--viz., The eldest Brother of Canaan was Cush, the founder of the Assyrian, Babylonian, and Persian Kingdoms,--these conquered and enslaved, or made vassal all the Nations of Phœnicia,--these latter countries were descended from Canaan.

3d. GOD _should enlarge Japheth_;--proof of fulfilment,--viz., Japheth is regarded as the founder of Europe,--branches of that family now overspread not only Europe, but Asia, Africa, and the Continent of America,--every part of the _Christianized_ world is occupied by the descendants of Noah's eldest Son!

4th. _Japheth shall dwell in the tents of Shem_:--proofs of fulfilment,--viz., the great family of Israel descended from Shem. When the Judæan branch was made captive by the Babylonian, the Jews _returned_ to Jerusalem after 70 years, according to ISAIAH'S prophecy; therefore, they may be regarded as only being _absent_ from their Country. When again stationary, and in their "tents" they were subdued by the Romans in Judæa, who actually "dwelt in their tents" or habitations; and even upon the site of the Jewish Temple, in the following century, Hadrian built one to Jupiter. The Romans were descended from Japheth.

At the Revolt of the Ten Tribes under Jeroboam, that great branch of Israel retired to Samaria. They were finally captured by the Assyrians and taken into Media and Assyria. A small portion, however, were suffered to remain at Samaria. Eventually a great majority of the Ten Tribes reached the Northern portion of the Western Hemisphere. The "tents" or dwelling-places of these Israelites were, and are, at this day occupied by the Anglo-Saxon and Norman races, and these are of the family of Japheth.

5th and lastly. _Canaan shall also be the Servant of Japheth_:--proofs of fulfilment,--viz., Canaan's eldest Son was Sidon, who founded the kingdom of that name; from Sidon descended Tyrus;--both were subdued, destroyed, or enslaved by the Macedonians, who were of the Japheth family.

From Canaan (through the branches of Sidon and Tyrus) sprung Carthage. This nation was compelled to be the enslaved "Servant" of Rome,--who, like the Conqueror of Tyrus, was descended from Noah's first-born.

From Canaan (Tyrus and Sidon) descended the Guanches of the Fortunate Isles,--these were conquered by the Sons of Spain, also of the European or Japheth family.

From the Canaan Fugitives of Tyrus was founded the Tyrian family in Ancient America,--these were also massacred and enslaved by the Spaniard,--the descendant from Japheth! Thus on the Western Hemisphere, by the Cortezian and Anglo-Saxon Conquests, was accomplished the finality of NOAH'S Prophecy and Malediction upon the last of the house of Canaan!

The most discordant mind must perceive, even in this brief review of Noah's Prophecy, the most perfect harmony of Truth founded upon History;--and what is the Bible if it will not bear this test? It consequently demands the investigation of direct historic facts, and thence becomes the diapason of harmonious Truth,--the Messiah of Language,--truly "The Sent of God" for man's instruction here,--and his only hope of a beatific blessing hereafter!

Man thinks not, that when his Soul shall from hence, It will speed a Spirit from star to star:-- World after world,--each deified,--shall receive it,-- Thence bounding,--from our earthly sin redeem'd,-- And sanctified through each celestial sphere,-- And gloried by the Creator's diadem,-- 'Twill be enthronëd in the breast of GOD!-- There to remain, pure, brilliant, and immortal![19]

[19] MS. Tragedy of "Tecumseh."

While the collective contents of this chapter will confirm the true belief in the Christian's mind, sincerely do we hope that those who may have entertained wavering doubts, will cast them from their stranded hearts; and in future let those citadels of nature become the confiding homes of refuge amid all the storms of earthly life; may they feel in sorrow or misfortune, that the Two Testaments,--like the Saviour of Life, will pass over the wild waves of apparent despair, and that the ocean of thought will be tranquil!--but to the sceptic,--the God-denying atheist, and the labyrinth-lost materialist,--we have presented the full language of irrefragable argument,--have encountered them with uncompromising resolution, and upon the Ezraic ground of their own selection; and from which they cannot retreat,--they must there remain confounded and defeated; and to the following undeniable, unanswerable conclusion they must be dumb,--or if they speak, be it in humility and repentance: viz.--

No sophistry or empty volubility, adorned with all the inthralling powers of language or eloquence, can controvert, or overthrow, established and _historic facts_; they are the essentials to the proofs, and are the only, and the conclusive proofs themselves, that Prophecies have been fulfilled: when, therefore, incontrovertible truths are brought from the archives of acknowledged History,--and they substantiate--and undeniably,--the actual accomplishment of Prophecies,--then those inspired Visions of an unapproached future, upon being so proven to have become the now stern realities of the past, or of the present,--they must,--they can be only viewed and received, as the Divine pre-ordinances of ALMIGHTY GOD,--promulgated to a wondering world, from the hallowed lips of His chosen Prophets and Mediators!--Such sacred messengers to Mankind, were Moses, Isaiah, Ezekiel, and Daniel;--and the last Prophet upon Earth,--fulfilling by His presence the Truth of Holy-Writ--was The Son of God,--The Messiah--

THE OMNIPOTENT REDEEMER OF THE UNIVERSE!

END OF VOLUME I., OR THE TYRIAN ÆRA.

INDEX TO THE TYRIAN ÆRA OF =ANCIENT AMERICA=.

A.

Adel, 303.

Ajan, 303.

Azelmic, last king of Tyrus, his reign, 337-384.

Annals of Ancient America, 338.

Arrian, 338.

Arbad, 340.

Antigonus, 350.

Aristotle, 353.

Aceldama of Tyrus, 364.

Annual Festival to Apollo of Tyrus, 364.

A Nation's Crucifixion, 376.

Ashburton (Lord), 384.

Anglo-Saxon Republic, 384.

Archipelago, 390.

Altar of Copan, 397.

Acropolis of Athens, 33. 41. 99. 205.

Arches, 35. 36. 39.

Arab, 35. 37.

Angelo (Michael), 36.

Antinöus, 36.

Athenian Phocian, 36.

Antiquary, 37. 44.

Assyrian kings, 37.

Adriatic, 38. 340.

Antoninus, 39.

Aurelius, 39.

Agrippa, 39.

Appian-way, 39.

Alba, 39.

Apostle's Minister, 40.

Antioch, 40.

Apostacy, 40.

Arimathean Sepulchre, 40.

Annunciation, 43.

Angelo, 43.

American Capital, 44.

Art, 44.

African Prince, 411.

Anecdote of the Author, 44.

Avgvstvs, 44.

Augustus Cæsar, 44.

Anthony, 45.

Agate, 47.

Amethyst, 47.

Astronomical calendar, 52.

Ancient World, 56.

Asia, 56. 131. 132.

Arch (The), 68. 77. 81.

Apollo of the Aborigines, 84.

Attica, 98. 145. 171. 205.

Alps, 267.

Astronomy, 202.

Astarte, 127. 148. 149. 151. 201. 239. 240. 376. 399.

Architecture in Ancient America, 131.

Africa, 132.

Astronomer, 132.

Apostle of Christianity, 134.

Analogies (Tyrian and Mexican), 138-200.

---- Religious, 138-153.

---- National and Political, 154-168.

---- Artistical, 168-187.

---- Sepulchral, 192, 200.

---- The Summary of, 200-204.

Ammon, 145.

Aurelian, 147.

Apollo Belvidere, 147.

---- Hercules, 147. 242. 328.

Ashtoreth, 149, 240.

Abijah, 150.

American Eagle, 154.

Aztecas, 155.

Agatha-Demon, 157.

Ægina, 170. 171. 340.

Æginians, 170.

Agriculture, 170.

Aaron's Robes of Peace, 179.

Aholiab, 183.

Alpha and the Omega, 202.

Aradnus, 218. 243.

Abibal, 230. 231. 232.

Anecdote of Tyrian Policy and Courage, 249.

Acerbas, High Priest of Tyrus, 256.

Æneas, 257.

Anchises, 257.

Aborigines (North American), 2. 3. 4. 6. 7. 8. 10. 12. 13. 14. 16. 17. 18. 20. 23. 49. 188.

Aborigines (Mexican or South American), 50. 78. 195. 279.

Aborigines of Teneriffe, 193.

America (Mexican or South), 2. 4. 5. 6. 24. 25. 26. 27. 29. 30. 105. 198.

Aurora, 366.

America (North), 2. 6. 20. 22. 26. 28.

America (Ancient), 3. 7. 30. 48. 98. 197. 205. 263. 309. 397. 402.

Alexander (its definition), 352.

Architecture, 3. 5. 32, 33. 34. 40. 41. 46. 54. 100.

Arabia, 292.

Altar (or Altars), 14. 43.

Alexander of Macedon, 3. 162. 337-384.

Analogies, 27. 30. 31.

Ariadne, 3. 366.

Ancient Cities, 26.

Apostle, 3. 36.

Argus, 7.

Ark of Covenant, 13.

Aaron, 14. 16. 46. 47.

Abraham, 16. 21. 224.

Asiatic, 16 30.

Aboriginal, 16. 21.

Assyrian, 19. 145. 274.

Anglo-Saxon race, 21. 67. 132. 134. 188. 191. 209.

Apollo, 22. 36. 85. 145. 146.

America, 26. 56. 132.

Atheistical Denial, 31.

Athens, 33. 35. 85. 99. 145. 171. 192. 228. 340.

Analysis of the East-Wind, 293.

Australia, 292.

Africanus (Scipio), 289.

Artistical Galleries, 253.

American Revolution, 189.

Athenians, 192. 286.

Arica. Peru, 193. 197.

Arico. Teneriffe, 193.

Alfred the Great, 210. 377.

Abram's Wife, 213.

Arabs, 213. 214.

"Adams and Eves," 213. 415.

Assyrian Lake, 216.

Amorites, 217.

Agamemnon, 221.

Alexandria, 228, 288.

Abiah, 229.

Ancient History, 242.

Atlantic, 251. 305.

Athenian Pericles, (his original,) 252.

Argos, 268.

Apocrypha, 277.

B.

Britain, 10. 247. 249. 315. 340.

Britain (origin of the name), 249.

British, 10.

Breastplate, 14. 47.

Brutus (Junius), 35.

Brutus (Marcus), 35. 45. 266.

Bramante, 36. 42.

Banner of Cross, 39. 43.

Battle, 43.

Blind, 43.

Birth of Christianity, 45.

Beryl, 47.

Bologna (Library), 51.

Basso Relievo Sculpture, 81. 372.

Belzoni, 125.

Baal, 145.

Belus, 145.

Babylonians, 145.

Bogota, 149.

Baal-Peor, 153.

British Lion, 154.

Babylon, 154.

Bryant (Jacob), 154. 155.

Bird of Canaan, 156.

Boreas, 167.

Belshazzar's Feast, 178.

Bezaleel, 183.

Bard of Avon, 194. 248.

Berrere, 198.

Baconian Philosophy, 203.

Book of Job, 204.

Berytus, 218.

Byblos, 218. 342.

Battle of Gilboa, 230.

Britannia (origin of the name), 249.

Brit-tan-nack, 249.

British Seas, 250.

Boadicea, 269.

Battle-Bridge, 269.

British Queens (heroism of), 269.

Baal, King of Tyrus, 326.

Balator, King of Tyrus, 326.

Bashan, 339.

Baleares, 340.

Battle of Marathon, 345.

Baliatæ, 351. 361.

Bucephalus, 352. 355. 357.

British Throne, 384.

C.

Children of God, 386.

Circular Columns, 68.

Columns (Square sculptured), 78.

Cyclopean Ruins, 81.

Chief Altar of Copan (description), 84.

Campbell, 103.

China, 108. 109. 111. 238. 292.

Cheops, 123, 124.

Curtius, 130.

Conolly (Dr. John), 444.

Chinese, 131.

Capital of Virginia, 133.

Citizen of United States, 133.

Canaan, 139. 146. 211. 214.

Canaanites, 139. 140. 141. 145.

Calmet, 150. 159.

Cross of Astarte, 152.

Cadmus, 159. 172. 199. 221. 222. 227.

Colchians, 163.

Chaldean Letters, 436.

Cappadocians, 163.

Charles the Fifth, 166.

Cleopatra, 175, 343.

Chaldeans, 179.

Continental Congress, 189.

Crucifix, 191.

Cæsar's Master, 192.

Capuchin Friars of Palermo, 194.

Charon, 199.

Canarians (Ancient), 200.

Cain, 212.

Cadmii, 219.

Cilicia, 227.

Cyprus, 228. 315. 340.

Cadmean Government, 230.

Cabul, 241.

Commencement of the Annals of Ancient America, 431.

Constantinople, 248.

City of the Sultan, 248.

Conquerors of Britain, 249.

Commerce, 253.

Carthage (its definition), 262.

Cassius, 266.

Chittim, 273.

Cambyses of Persia, 287.

Coriolanus, 289.

Caius Marcius, 289.

Cape of Good-Hope, 291. 304. 317.

Conflagrations have the effect to attract the Rain and Wind, 296. 297.

Ceylon, 303.

Cape Palmas, 307.

Cape Verd, 307.

Cape Blanco, 307.

Cape Barbas, 307.

Columns of Alcides, 310.

Crete, 315. 340.

Corsica, 340.

Corcyra, 340.

Candia, 340.

Capital of Italy, 343.

Cassander, 350. 383.

Clytus, 350.

Cavalry (Macedonian), 350.

Catapultæ, 351. 361.

Cynthia, 365.

Chivalric Spirits of Circassia, 377.

Confucius the Philosopher, 377.

Cortezes, 377.

Canaan-Tyrus in Asia, 379.

Castor and Pollux, 391.

Central America, 2. 53.

Cities (Ruined), 2. 30.

Copan (Ruins), 3. 41. 52. 53. 54.

Customs (Religious), 3.

Customs (National), 44.

Christian, 6. 18. 21.

Columbus, 7. 8. 9. 26. 48. 98. 129. 138. 190. 194. 293.

Canada, 8.

Canary islands, 9. 193. 196. 290.

Covenant, 14.

Circumcision, 16. 25. 163. 225.

Crucifixion, 17. 18. 26. 43. 50. 152.

CHRIST, 17. 18. 26. 40. 41. 43. 48. 152.

Carthaginian, 19. 141. 146. 218.

Cortez, 24. 51. 86. 144. 159. 164. 166. 190. 384. 417.

Christianity, 25. 135. 144. 191. 205. 243.

Civilization, 32. 48.

Coliseum, 32. 36. 37. 40. 123. 124.

Corinthian, 33. 38.

Cyclopean walls, 33.

Cordelia of the Arts, 34.

Colonnades, 35.

City of the Desert, 35.

Cato, 36.

Cicero, 36. 38.

Constantine, 36. 39. 152.

Carthage, 38. 85. 129. 139. 146. 160. 218. 330. 340. 393. 394.

Concordia's Temple, 38.

Catiline, 38.

Composite order, 38.

Conquest of Jerusalem, 38.

Christian Prince, 39.

Capitoline Hill, 39.

Cimbri, 39.

Cestius, 39.

Commodus, 40.

Cross, 41. 43.

Crescent, 41.

Chiapas, 41.

Canova, 42.

Chantrey, 42.

Crusaders, 43.

Christian heart, 43.

Chivalry, 44.

Coins, 44, 46.

Chronological tablet, 44.

Customs, 44.

Cessation of war, 45.

Cassius, 45.

Civil, 45.

Consulate, 45.

Chivalric dignities, 46.

Children of Israel, 47.

Carbuncle, 47.

Charts (Mexican), 50.

Cathedral (Mexican), 51.

Conquest of Mexico, 51.

City of Mexico (modern), 52. 54.

Calendar (Mexican), 52.

Cholula, 52, 53.

Catherwood (artist), 53. 54. 71. 87. 118.

Copan river, 53.

City of Copan, 53.

Chi-chen (Ruins), 53.

Copanians, 68.

Camera-lucida, 54. 74.

Cæsar (Julius), 56. 267.

Christian altars. 67.

Chief altar of Copan, 398.

D.

Diluvian world, 3.

Deluge, 13. 17. 213.

Dove, 13.

Draconian record, 19.

DAVID, 28. 149. 185. 230. 232.

Doric, 33.

Dalmatia, 38. 340.

Dacii, 39. 130.

Domitian, 40.

Disputation, 43.

De Vinci, 43.

Denon of France, 45.

Diamond, 47.

Dupaix, 52.

Del Rio, 52.

Drawings, 54.

Daguerreotype, 55.

Diodorus Siculus, 75. 169.

Demotic Language, 75.

Decalogue, 84. 186. 214. 444.

Dictionary of the Bible, 150.

Dido, 160, 256-268.

Delaware Tribes, 189.

Desdemona, 194.

"Daughter of Sidon," 205. 219. 247. 397.

Dius of Phœnicia, 230. 231.

Death of Dido, 265.

Deaths of the Queen of Carthage and Cato compared, 266-268.

"Delenda est Carthago," 264.

Distinction between _Comparison_ and _Contrast_, 266.

Delta of the Nile, 281.

Diurnal Hemisphere, 290.

Dead Sea, 316.

Deity of Phœnicia, 365.

Demon of Macedonia, 376.

Defenders of their Native Land, 377.

Danish Conquerors, 377.

Death of Alexander, 383.

E.

Education, 2.

Eloquence, 3.

Eden, 5.

Earth, 8. 21.

Egypt, 12. 14. 16. 33. 35. 50. 55. 73. 132. 340.

Egyptians, 12. 19. 20. 75. 194.

Europeans, 15. 17. 21. 30.

Ezekiel, 19. 142, 272. 279. 285. 317. 323. 305.

Eleazer Savaran, 24.

Empire, 26. 43. 45.

Epochian, 27.

Epochs, 27. 42. 48.

Epoch the first, 28. 29.

Ephesian Temple, 32.

Erostratus, 32.

Egyptian walls, 33.

Eden of the Mind, 34.

Eve, 36.

Ezra, 435.

Egyptian Pyramid, 37.

Esquiline, 39.

England's Parliament, 44.

Engraved Gems, 46.

Ephod, 46.

Emerald, 47.

England (National Library), 51.

Espita (Ruins), 53.

Engravings, 54.

England, 56. 85. 135. 191. 203.

Europe, 56. 131. 132. 303.

Enchorial Language, 73. 75.

Egypto-Tyrian, 129. 135. 181. 196. 202.

Emessa, 146.

Elagabalus, 146. 147.

Emblem of the Cross, 149.

Egg and the Serpent, 157.

Ethiopians, 163.

Euripides, 172. 221. 222. 227.

European Society, 189.

Egyptian Mummies, 200. 287.

Eve's third Son, 212.

Exodus, 20. 224.

Edom, 244. 285.

Ezion-Geber, 244. 285.

Eloth, 244. 285.

Etruria, 247. 340.

Elizabeth of Tyrus, 256. 268.

Elizabeth of England, 269.

Eliza-beth (its definition), 258.

"East-Wind" of Scripture analyzed, &c., 278-320.

Euterpe (the Book of), 286.

Embalming, 287.

Embalmers (crime of), 287. 288.

Egyptian Kings, 287.

Eudoxus, 288.

Equator, 290.

Equinoctial Hurricanes, 305.

Euphrates, 311.

Ethiopia, 349.

Endymion, 365.

Ebul, 378.

Esto Perpetua, 385.

Echo, 415.

Extracts from "Tecumseh," 366. 385. 442. 445. 450.

F.

Fathers, 16. 24.

Founder, 23.

Fine Arts, 26. 20. 32. 42. 45. 46. 48. 75.

Forum, 35. 38. 39.

Frieze, 37. 40.

Faith, 40.

French Kingdom, 43.

Freedom, 44.

France, 45. 85.

Fueutes, 52.

Flint Stone, 68.

Fire Beetles, 115.

Fete of St. Cosmo, 153.

Females of Egypt, 163.

Florida, 165. 201. 205. 290. 293.

Fortunatæ Insulæ, 196. 315. 395.

Fortunate Isles, 196. 290. 307. 320. 395. 416.

Founding of Tyrus, 219.

Fall of Troy, 221.

Founding of Carthage, 256. 263.

Foundress of Carthage, 257.

First Circumnavigation of Africa, 278. 320.

Fez (Africa), 310.

Founding of Ancient America, 320.

First Siege of Tyrus, 321. 327.

Fulfilment of the Prophecies of Jeremiah and Ezekiel, 321.

Fulfilment of the first and second of Isaiah, 321.

First Tyrian Revolution, 328.

Founder of Alexandria, 383.

Flight of the Tyrian Families at the Last Siege of Tyrus, 386.

Fulfilment of the Seventh and last Tyrian Prophecy by Isaiah, 403.

Founders of Tyrian-America, 409.

Floridian Shore, 414.

Flora and her Nymphs, 414.

G.

Guatimala (Ruined Cities), 2. 26. 53.

Gordian Knot, 3.

Genoese, 7. 8. 9. 48.

Gilgal, 14.

Greek, 15.

"Great Spirit," 15.

Gisco, 19.

Gentile, 23.

Grecian Arch, 33.

Goneril of the Arts, 34.

Gladiator, 36.

Gems, 37.

Greece, 37. 111. 131.

Greenough, 42.

Gibbon, 43.

Glory, 44.

Great Britain, 45. 189.

Galindo, 53. 116.

Gueguetinango (Ruins), 53.

Greaves, 59.

Ghizeh (Pyramid), 59.

Gem Engraving, 116. 201.

Goddess of the Tyrians, 127.

Goddess of the Sardonians, 127.

Guanches, 193. 194. 195.

Guacas, 193.

Guanahani, 194.

Germany, 203.

Gerar, 216.

Gaza, 216.

Gates of Rome, 267.

Gulf of Suez, 281.

Germanicus, 289.

Gulf of Persia, 292.

Guardatoy (Cape), 303.

Gulf of Guinea, 305. 319.

Gold Coast, 307.

Gates of Gades, 311.

Gomorrah (city of), 314.

Gebal, 340.

Gaul, 340.

Grecian Isles, 340.

Gieslers, 377.

H.

Hebrews, 2. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 18. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 229.

Historians, 3. 42. 43.

History, 10. 27. 31. 42. 44. 46.

Holy-Writ, 12.

Harps, 13.

Hal-le-lu-yah, 16.

Herodotus, 18. 75. 112. 113. 169. 196. 279. 331.

Historical Theory, 27.

History of the World, 30.

History of Phœnicia, 30.

History of Ancient America, 30. 98. 203.

Human family, 31.

Historical Record, 32. 42. 46.

Hymettus' Hill, 33.

Historic Marble, 37.

Hannibal, 38.

Horatii, 39.

Horatian Triumph, 39.

Herculaneii, 41.

Healing the Sick, 43.

Hume, 43.

Historic, 44.

Historical, 45.

Heirlooms, 45.

Heraldic Arms, 46.

High Priest, 47.

Humboldt, 52. 53. 117. 118. 130. 144. 199. 200. 416.

Huarros of Guatimala, 52.

Honduras (Bay of), 53. 165.

Hieroglyphics, 65. 66. 73. 74. 84. 102. 373.

Hieratic Language, 73.

Hindu, 110. 131.

Hindustan, 111. 168. 193.

Hamilton (Sir William), 153.

Hygeia, 163. 201.

Hiram, 173. 181. 185. 231.

Harrison, President of the United States, 189.

Hispaniola, 190.

House of Israel, 189. 210.

History of Egyptian Mummies, 195.

Horatio, 208.

Hamlet, 208.

History of the Phœnician Nations, 209.

Ham, 212.

Hagar's Offspring, 213.

History of Tyrus, 219-378.

Hebron, 220.

Hagar, 393.

Hammon, 220.

Homer, 220. 221.

House of Sidon, 226.

House of Judah, 230.

Huram, 231.

Hiram the Great (his Reign), 232-255.

Hibernia, 247. 315.

Heroism of the British Queens, 256.

Herodotus, reviewed, 278-320.

Herculean Gates, 308.

Hiramic Artists, 339.

Hephæstion, 342. 354. 355. 366. 373.

Homer's Iliad, 365.

Hero of the World, 373.

Hanwell Lunatic Asylum, 444.

I.

Israelites, 2. 3. 8. 12. 14. 17. 18. 19. 22. 163. 224.

Israel, 5. 8. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 21. 23.

Idols, 5. 15.

Ionian Isles, 340.

Indian, 8. 9. 10.

Indies (East), 9.

Indies (West), 9.

Ithobalus the Second, 321.

Immortality, 16.

Isle of Tyrus, 222.

Identity, 30.

ISAIAH, 30. 31. 136. 247. 270-277. 312. 338. 402.

Isis (Statue of), 55.

Ionic, 33. 38.

Ilissus, 33.

Islanders of Britain, 332.

Ictinus, 38, 42.

Istria, 33.

Ignatius, 40.

Incidents of Travel in America, 50.

India, 303.

Ivory Coast, 307.

Isthmus of Darian, 53.

Isthmus of Suez, 284.

Italy, 85. 203.

Innovations upon Tyrian Customs, 205.

Isernia, 153.

Island-Ararat, 394.

Indian Ocean, 162. 292. 303. 304.

Island of Teneriffe, 193. 195.

Inhabitants of Ancient America, 203.

Ishmael, 213. 392.

Increase of Crime, 217.

Iberia, 247. 340.

Intellect, 267.

Ion of Argos, 268.

Infidel-ordeal, 271.

J.

Joppa (Jaffa), 335.

Jehovah, 5. 16.

Justin, 331.

Jericho, 14. 24.

Jehoahaz, 281.

Jordan, 14. 177.

Japan, 168. 109.

Jerusalem, 13. 17. 18. 24. 40. 85. 142. 185. 186. 334.

Joshua, 14. 17. 163. 215. 217. 219. 224.

Josiah, 280. 281.

Jeroboam, 18. 24. 150.

Jeremiah, 276. 279. 286. 311. 312. 313. 317. 319. 324.

Jews, 18. 22.

Jebus, 219.

Jewish Sabbath, 333.

Judah, 18.

Jaddus, 348.

Jacob, 212. 276.

Judas Maccabæus, 24. 25.

Joseph, 212.

Junius Brutus, 35.

Jonah, 299.

Jupiter of Elias, 36.

Japheth, 210.

Jewish basilisk, 39.

Jerdan (William), 188.

Jones, 42.

Janus, 45.

Jaspar, 47.

Juggernaut of Antiquity, 341.

Japanese, 131.

Jupiter, 145. 155. 242.

Jocasta, 172.

Joel, 229.

Josephus, 230.

Jarbas (King of Getulia), 264.

Jones' Land (South America), 290.

K.

Kingsborough (Lord), 51. 53. 103.

Kabah (Ruins), 53.

Kotzebue, 148.

Kanah, 220.

King of Prussia, 255.

King Hiram the Great, 232-255.

King Pygmalion, 256-263.

King of Getulia, 264.

Kingdom of Carthage, 267.

King Ithobalus the Second, 278-320. 321.

Kings of Egypt, 287.

King of Egypt, 302.

King of Babylon, 316.

King Baal, 329.

King Balator. 326.

King Darius of Babylon, 326.

King Marten of Tyrus, 330.

King Strato of Tyrus, 333.

King Azelmic of Tyrus, 337-334.

King of Grecia, 342.

King Strato of Sidon, 343.

King Darius of Persia, 360.

L.

Language (Primitive), 3. 25.

Lex scripta, 6. 7. 49.

Lex NON-scripta, 6. 7.

Leah, 13.

Laws, 13.

Levites, 14.

Lawgiver, 17. 25.

Life, 17.

Lear of the Arts, 34.

Longinus, 35.

Laocoon, 36.

Last of the Tribunes, 40.

Life and History of the Saviour, 43.

Latin, 43.

Last Supper and Sacrament, 43.

Livy, 43.

Literary, 45.

Ligure, 47.

Le Bruyn, 59.

Legh, 125.

Library of Travels, 134.

Lake of Mexico, 155.

Leda, 156.

Land of Canaan, 163.

Literary Gazette, 188. 190.

Laish. 217.

Lawyers, 217.

Language of Egypt, 225.

Language of Israel, 225.

Lebanon, 233. 236. 339. 365. 367.

"Land of Tin," 249.

Last Siege of Tyrus (Description), 337-384.

Lysimachus, 350.

Last Sun upon Tyrus, 368.

Last King of Tyrus, 374.

Last day of Tyrus, 376.

Last of the Tyrians, 395. 418.

Last of the Tyrian Nation, 398.

M.

Merchant Metropolis, 344.

Monarchs, 4.

Madoc, 7.

Marcus Antonius, 343.

Mexico (Gulf of), 8.

Moon, 8.

Militia, 340.

Mother, 11. 13. 271.

MOSES, 11. 13. 14. 15. 17. 140. 141. 163. 183. 213. 215. 224.

Mount Nebo, 13.

Models, 22.

Merchant Princes, 344.

Mexican Territories, 25.

---- Nations, 25.

Maccabæus, 24

Marathonian Mounds, 26.

Man, 34.

Mountains of Damascus, 368.

Messengers of Peace, 34.

Marcus Brutus, 35. 39. 266.

Minerva, 36. 132.

Medicean Venus, 36.

Medal, 37. 44. 45. 46.

Marathon, 38.

Marcellus, 38.

Macedonian Navy, 363.

Marius, 38. 39.

Maxentius, 39. 243.

Metella, 39.

Martyrdom, 40.

Mahomet, 41.

Murillo, 43.

Mythology, 44. 45.

Military, 45.

Madrid (Royal Library), 51.

Mexican Painters, 51.

Maps (Mexican), 51.

Mexico (Ancient), 51.

Mexican Empire, 51.

Manuscripts (Mexican), 51.

Mitla (Ruins), 52. 53. 117. 177.

Military Mole of Tyrus, 356. 366.

Menander, 340.

Mechanics, 77.

Magii, 84.

Mecca Shrine, 85.

Macbeth, 107.

Medallic presentations, 133.

Molech, 140. 141.

Moloch, 140. 141.

Masks of Saturn, 143. 144.

Mexican Calendar, 144.

Mexico (Modern), 144.

Mount Ida, 145.

Monogram of Christ, 150.

Montezuma the Second, 159. 164. 165. 377.

---- the First, 161.

Malte Brun, 164. 226.

Mexicans (Ancient), 164.

Mount Moriah, 185.

Mississippi, 190.

Mummies of Egypt, Teneriffe, and Peru, 192.

Mummies of Teneriffe, 199.

Mummies of the Guanches, 200.

Mizraim (Egypt), 212. 215.

Mount Hermon, 216.

Mediterranean, 227. 245. 247. 251. 389.

Menander of Ephesus, 230.

Merchant (its definition), 300.

Millennium, 248.

Morocco, 290.

_Melinda_, 303, 319.

Mozambique, 303.

Madagascar, 303.

Mare Internum, 315.

Marten king of Tyrus, 330.

Maniacs, 444.

N.

North America, 2.

Native, 6. 8. 15. 18. 19. 23.

Norwegian, 7.

Nature, 12. 22. 42.

Niobe, 35.

Nile, 35. 50. 111.

Napoleon, 37. 45. 46.

Nativity, 43.

National Records, 44.

Nature and Art, 77.

Norman Race, 135.

New Testament, 141. 436.

Neptune, 145. 167. 227. 282. 354.

Natchez, 149.

Nineveh, 154. 274.

Naumachian Arena, 167.

New England, 190.

Northern Africa, 195.

Nations of Phœnicia (History of), 209.

Noah, 210. 211. 226.

Noah's Malediction, 211. 431.

Nimrod, 215. 274.

Negroes, 215.

Navigation, 246.

Naval Profession, 246.

Nehemiah, 275. 333. 334. 335.

Naval Architects of Tyrus, 284.

Namquois River, 290. 304.

Nocturnal Hemisphere, 290.

Nazareth Bay, 290.

Nile of the Greeks, 301.

Nebuchadnezzar, 311. 321. 323. 400.

National Heirloom, 358.

National Festival to Apollo, 367.

Natives of Algeria, 377.

National Secretiveness, 397.

Niagara, 445.

O.

Oratory, 3. 24.

Œiliad, 7.

Otumba, 24.

Onyx Stones, 47.

Omoa, 53.

Ocosingo (Ruins), 53. 68. 79. 80. 81. 99.

Obelisks of Egypt, 122.

Obelisks of Copan, 123. 145. 177.

Oration upon Shakspeare, 133.

Oration upon North America, 133.

Othello, 194.

Ocean-Juno, 227.

Ophir, 242. 317.

Orient gale, 293. 414.

Oxyrus in India, 376.

Ocean-Daniels of Tyrus, 413.

P.

Pyramid of Caius Cestius, 169.

Prophet of the Advent, 179.

Pilgrim Fathers, 190. 191.

Pittsburgh, 189.

Pompey, 192.

Pettigrew (Joseph), 195. 196. 287.

Peak of Teneriffe, 196. 307.

Peruvian Mummies, 197.

Paley (Dr.), 203.

Phut, 215.

Pœle Tyr (Old Tyrus), 219.

"Phœnician Virgins" (chorus), 172. 222.

Pillars of Hercules, 249. 310.

Pharos of Tyrus, 254.

Patriot King, 255.

Prussia (King of), 255.

Princess Elizabeth of Tyrus, 256-268.

Philippi (field of), 266.

Paulianus, 269.

Prophecy of ISAIAH, 270. 386.

Prophecy concerning Tyrus, 270.

Pharaoh-Necho, 279. 320. 321.

Priests of Memphis, 236.

Pliny, 288

Ptolemy Lathyrus, 288.

Ptolemy the Tyrian, 289.

Pacific Ocean, 292. 295. 296.

Prophet of Nineveh, 299.

Persian Galleys, 301.

Port Natal, 303.

Pharos of the Ocean, 307.

Pythagoras, 318.

Peiræus (Athenian harbour), 329.

Phœnice, 339.

Prophet Daniel, 341.

Passage of the Granicus, 342. 355.

Ptolemeus, 350.

Parmenio, 350. 354. 355.

Phalanx (Macedonian), 350. 372.

Pagans, 353.

Picture of Patriotism, 374.

Picture of Heroism, 373.

Pages of the Iliad, 375.

Patriots, 377.

Peacemakers, 384.

Pleiades of Nations, 392.

Palenque (Ruins), 3. 7. 41. 69. 99.

Palaces, 5. 30. 41.

Physiognomy, 5. 22.

Paulo (Marco), 9.

Pharaoh, 12.

Passover, 14.

Pectoral, 15.

Patriarch, 16.

Pilgrim, 16. 24.

Phylactery, 15.

Polybius, 18. 19.

Philistines, 20.

Pochahontas, 21.

Pythons, 22. 147.

Pennsylvania, 23.

Phœnicia, 27. 146. 153.

Prophecy, 27. 31.

Prophecies, 27. 30.

Pyramids, 30. 33. 35. 37. 39.

Prophetic Jews, 31.

Pæstum, 33. 38.

Parian Hills, 33.

Pentelicus, 33.

Poetry's Diapason, 34.

Painting, 34. 42. 43. 44. 46.

Plato, 35.

Pericles, 35. 99. 131.

Phidias, 35. 38. 42. 99. 131.

Palmyra, 35. 37. 85. 146.

Porticoes, 35.

Priest of Troy, 36.

Pediment, 37.

Polished Marbles, 37.

Priests of Egypt, 163. 224.

Parthenon, 38. 79. 85.

Pola, 38.

Palace of Dioclesian, 38.

Phocas, 38.

Peace, 39.

Pantheon, 39. 85.

Petrarch's Friend, 40.

Polycarp, 40.

Pompeii, 41.

Praxiteles, 42.

Pictorial Art, 43.

Pennons, 43.

Pictorial Volumes, 43.

Plutarch, 43. 147. 338.

Portraits, 44.

Providentia, 44.

Poetical Studies, 45.

Painting (Mexican), 50.

Pyramid of Kingsborough, 52. 103.

Palenque, 52. 53. 54.

Promethean spark, 55.

Pyramid of Egypt (Measurement), 59. 60. 175.

Pyramid of Cholula (Measurement), 60.

Prophecy of Noah fulfilled, 446.

Province of Tzendales, 69.

Peru, 86. 193. 197.

Pizarro, 86. 190.

Pacific Ocean, 108. 109.

Pyramid of Cephrenes, 113. 114.

Pyramids of America, 113.

Pyramid of the Nile, 126.

Pallas, 145.

Priäpus, 153.

Q.

Quirigua (Ruins), 53.

Quiché (Ruins), 53.

"Queen of the Sea," 227. 251. 338. 354. 391. 413.

Queen of Carthage, 256. 268.

Queen Boadicea, 269.

Queen Elizabeth, 269.

Queen Victoria, 269.

R.

Reflections upon Conquerors and Peacemakers, 384. 385.

Refugees of Tyrus, 382.

Rosetta Stone, 3.

Republic, 4. 134.

Rocky Mountains, 13.

Rachel, 13.

Rapine, 20.

Rome, 22. 35. 39. 40. 85. 111. 123. 267.

Recapitulation, 30.

Regan of the Arts, 34.

Romulus, 35. 38.

Rock of the Acropolis, 35.

Raphael, 36. 43.

Roman Captive, 36.

Rienzi, 40.

Religion, 40.

Resurrection, 40. 43.

Religious Mind, 41.

REDEEMER, 43. 451.

Rejection by Pilate, 43.

Rubens, 43.

Robertson, 43. 98. 136. 149. 198.

Roman Warfare, 45.

Ruby, 47.

Ruins of Capan, 52.

River Montagua, 53.

Ruins of Copau (description), 57-69.

Ruins of Palenque (description), 69-86.

Ruins of Uxmal (description), 86-205.

River Otula, 70.

Religious Language, 73.

Rainbow, 76.

Roman Baths, 80.

Ruins of Thebes, 87. 123.

Ruins of Labnah, 187.

Review of the Tyrian Æra of Ancient America 419-431.

Robertson's History of America, 136.

Restoration of the Temple of Uxmal, 120.

Ruins of Memphis, 123.

Ruins Ancient America, 129. 135.

Royal Shakspearian Institution, 133.

Remarks upon J. L. Stephens's _Second_ Visit to Yucatan, 187.

Remarks upon Wm. Jerdan's Review, of the Anglo-Saxon and Spanish conduct with the Aborigines, 188.

Ruins of the Parthenon, 192.

River Styx, 199.

River Arnon, 216.

Rehob, 220.

Ramah, 220. 229.

Rebellion of the Ten Tribes, 240. 332.

Red Sea, 244. 245. 281. 282. 314.

Romans, 249.

Republic of Carthage, 267. 310.

Royal Consort (Prince Albert), 269.

Rephaim, 276.

River Amazon, 290.

Rowers (Power of), 301.

Restoration of Judæa, 327.

Revolution of France, 332.

Rebellion of Jeroboam, 332.

Restored House of Judah, 333.

Review of the Kingdom of Tyrus, 337-349.

Rhodes, 340.

River Tiber, 343.

Republican Senate of Carthage, 347.

Rhodanus, 348.

Rubicon of Fame, 376.

Raleigh, 393.

Refutation of Atheistical Denial of the Truths of Prophecy, &c., 432-453.

S.

"Savages," 6. 22.

St. Salvador, 9.

Scalping, 18. 20.

Scythians, 18. 19. 197.

Scythia, 18.

Spondius, 19.

Saul, 20.

Samuel, 20.

Statue, 22.

Sun-God, 22.

Savans, 22.

Savaran, 24.

Spanish Soldiers, 24.

Senator of Utica, 29.

Sculpture, 32. 34. 37. 39. 40. 41. 42. 46.

Septimus Severus, 36.

Sons of Troy, 36.

Statuary, 37.

Salamis, 38.

Sculpture of the Acropolis, 38.

Syracuse, 38.

Sergii, 38.

Statorian Columns, 38.

Sabine Tatius, 38.

Son of War, 39.

Smyrna, 40.

Salvation, 41.

Sun of Genius, 42.

Sacred Life, 43.

Shields, 43.

Second Roman Emperor, 45.

Scriptural, 45.

Seals, 46.

Signet-Rings, 46.

Sardonian Galleys (Siege of Tyrus), 373.

Sardius, 47.

Sapphire, 47.

Sculptured Gems, 48.

Spaniards, 51.

Stephens (J. L.), 53. 54. 66. 67. 68. 69. 89. 90. 94. 96. 98. 99. 101. 102. 135. 177.

Spanish Conquests, 54. 155. 205.

Serpents, 66. 157.

Spiral Shells, 66.

Stucco, 68.

Sarcophagii, 73. 193. 197.

Sarcophagus, 74.

St. Peter's Church (Rome), 74. 119.

St. Paul's Church (London), 74.

Symbolical Language, 75.

Stucco Figures, 81.

St. Peter, 85.

St. Paul, 86, 300, 391.

Shrine at Mecca, 86.

Sculptured Tablets, 101.

Stephens's (J. L.) Conclusions upon the Ruins refuted, 106-136.

Sesostris, 123. 124.

Scriptural History, 129.

Sidon, 129. 139. 216.

Science of Architecture, 130.

Shakspeare (Oration), 133.

Stratford-upon-Avon, 133.

St. Augustine, 135. 290.

Sidonians, 139. 371.

Saturn, 141. 201.

Sheridan, 148.

SOLOMON, 149. 181. 185. 186. 232-254. 300.

Swans, 155.

Sahagun, 164. 166.

Salamis (Naval Engagement), 201.

Science of Astronomy, 202.

Statue of Minerva, 205.

Shakspeare, 208.

Seth, 212.

Senir, 339.

Sarah, 213.

Strato, 323. 333. 336.

Sirion, 216.

Seleucus, 350.

Shenir, 217

St. Salvador, 407.

Siege of Troy, 220.

Spartan Queen, 221.

Sacred Virgins, 222.

Sanhedrim, 228.

Samuel, 229.

Sido-Tyrians, 395.

Saul (first king of Israel), 229.

Study of Astronomy, 246.

Ship-building, 247.

Straits of Gibraltar, 249.

Scientific Galleries, 253.

Spain, 269.

Sihor, 273.

Slaves, 331. 332.

Ship-Canal, 281.

Straits of Babelmandeb, 281.

Seal of Holy-Writ, 285.

Scipio Africanus, 289.

Science supports Scripture, 291.

Sea of Oman, 292.

Sea of Israel, 292.

St. Thomas, 303.

Socatra (Island), 303.

Siege of Jerusalem, 311. 321.

Sodom (City of), 314.

Sardinia, 315. 340.

Shadows, 317. 318.

Sons of Leda, 391.

Sisinnes, 321. 328.

Siege of Veii, 324.

Seaward Gates of Tyrus, 362.

Sicily, 340.

Strato, King of Sidon, 342.

Siege of Tyrus by Alexander, 350.

Sirocco blast, 353.

Standard of the Granicus, 372. 374.

Sons of Priam, 375.

Serpent of Eden, 369.

Sceptic, 433.

T.

THE SAVIOR, 3. 15. 17. 36. 270. 451.

Tecumseh, 1. 2. 10. 24.

Tribe, 5. 13. 14. 15. 21. 23.

Tents, 5.

Tragedy, 10.

Tartary (Scythian), 19.

Tyrians, 27. 30.

Tradition, 27. 30. 31.

The Press, 27.

The Tyrian Hero, 28.

Tyrus, 30. 85. 129. 134. 136. 159. 201.

Tyrian Epoch, 30.

Tyrian Migration, 30. 403.

Tyrian Theory, 31.

Tyrian Prophecies, 31.

The Arts, 33.

The Arch, 33. 38. 39. 68.

Time, 34.

Titus, 36. 38. 40. 123.

Triple Fates of the Parthenon, 36.

The Pythonian Victor, 36.

Tentyra, 37.

Theatre of Pola, 38.

Tonans Jupiter, 38.

Trajanus, 39.

Tower, 39.

The Triple Monument, 39.

Trajan, 40.

Tomb, 41.

Transfiguration, 43.

Tacitus, 43.

Tribes of Israel, 47.

Topaz, 47.

Theophilus Antiochenus, 230.

Tyrian Juno, 228.

Trojan War, 221.

Toltecas, 201.

Tyrian Isles, 201.

Tyrian Æra, 48.

Tecpan-Guatimala, 53.

Ticol (Ruins), 53.

Travels in Egypt, J. L. Stephens, 55.

Tortoise, 67. 94. 171. 172.

Titian, 76.

Trinity, 76.

The Type of Salvation, 76.

The "Tyrian dye," 76. 158.

The Purple Murex, 76.

The Divine Arch, 76.

The Triangle, 77.

The Elements, 77.

"Tria Juncta in Uno," 78.

Tower of Palenque, 82. 83.

The Infant Saviour, 85.

Temple of Palenque, 115.

The Vocal Memnon, 121.

Tyrian Coins, 127. 151. 157. 159.

The Bible, 134. 203. 219. 224. 242.

The First Parents, 134.

The Diluvian Ancestors, 131.

Tiberius, 150. 152--243.

Tribe of Asher, 163. 219. 221. 224. 225.

Thebes (Grecian), 172. 199. 221. 227.

Temple of Solomon, 186. 239. 253.

The Volume of Religion, 186.

Teneriffe, 193. 195. 307. 395.

Teneriffe (origin of the name), 194.

The First Historian, 213.

Tribe of Dan, 237.

Tyrian-Phidias, 237.

Tribe of Napthali, 238.

Tatian, 239.

Tyrian Goddess, 239.

Tarshish, 242. 273.

Temple of Neptune, 246.

Tyrian Galley, 247.

Tyrian Merchant, 248.

Tyrian-Britain, 249.

Tyrian-America, 249. 433.

Tyrian Language, 249.

Temples of the Muses, 253.

Temples of Literature, 253.

Temples of Education, 253.

Tyrian Prototype, 255.

Tyrian Chiefs, 262.

The Man of Rome, 266.

Tragic Toga, 268.

Trade-Wind, 290.

Theory of the Solar System (ancient), 318.

The Tiers Etat, 331.

Times Romance in Ancient America, 336.

Tyro-Carthaginians, 345.

Temple of Hercules-Apollo, 316. 351. 368.

Tyrian Ambassadors (their Murder), 357.

Tragedy (MS.) of Tecumseh (extracts), 366. 385. 442. 445-450.

Tragedy (MS.), Bride of Damascus, 366.

Treaty of Washington, 385.

U.

Uxmal (Ruins), 3. 53.

Universe, 5.

Undying Fame, 44.

United States of America, 134. 189. 190. 191.

Utica (Africa), 262. 266.

Utica (its definition), 262.

Ursa Constellations, 304.

Unfolding of the newly-applied Prophecies of Isaiah, 379.

V.

Virginian, 21.

Virginius, 35.

Vespasian, 36. 40. 123.

Venus, 36.

Venus of the Bath, 36.

Vestas, 39.

Virgins, 39.

Valerian, 40.

Vesuvius, 41.

Versailles, 43.

Vatican (Library), 51.

Virgil, 257. 268.

VICTORIA (original heroism of), 269.

Victory at Issus, 342.

Victor of Issus, 360.

Vision in Mount Lebanon, 365-366.

Voyage to America by the Tyrians, 405-418.

W.

Western Hemisphere, 2. 3. 7. 10. 13. 26. 41. 44. 48. 306-449.

Welsh, 7.

Woman, 11. 13. 21. 24. 34 309.

War, 20.

Wren, 42.

West, 43.

Washington, 44. 133. 210.

Wellington, 46.

Waterloo, 45. 69.

Wyon, 45.

Waldeck, 52. 94. 97. 99. 102. 107. 130.

Wilkinson, 125.

Wife of Cain, 212.

William of Prussia, 255.

West Indian Islands, 291.

Warriors of Asiatic Mountains, 377.

---- Snow-crowned Passes, 377.

---- The Vale of Cashmere, 377.

William Tell, 377.

Webster (Daniel), 384.

Walls of Copan, 415.

Y.

Ye-hoh-vah, 16.

Yucatan, 53. 79. 86.

Z.

Zenobia of Palmyra, 35. 147.

Zayi (Ruins), 53.

Zebulun, 216.

Zechariah, 272. 330. 340.

Zanzibar, 303.

Zebe (River), 303.

FINIS.

C. WHITING, BEAUFORT HOUSE, STRAND.

THE FOLLOWING WORKS WILL BE SHORTLY PUBLISHED BY MESSRS. LONGMAN AND CO., WRITTEN BY GEORGE JONES, M.R.S.I., F.S.V.

THE SECOND VOLUME, OR =THE ISRAEL-ÆRA=, OF THE ORIGINAL HISTORY OF ANCIENT AMERICA, &c. &c.

THE HISTORICAL ISRAEL-INDIAN TRAGEDY OF TECUMSEH, =THE LAST OF THE SHAWANOS=. TO WHICH WILL BE ADDED A REPRINT OF THE FIRST JUBILEE ORATION UPON SHAKSPEARE, &c. &c.

THE LIFE AND HISTORY OF GENERAL HARRISON, LATE =PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES=; WITH HISTORICAL NOTICES OF THE TWO WARS BETWEEN ENGLAND AND AMERICA, FROM OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS IN THE STATE DEPARTMENT, INCLUSIVE TO THE TREATY OF WASHINGTON, AUGUST 9, 1842. &c. &c.

* * * * *

Transcriber's note:

Text enclosed by underscores is in italics (_italics_).

Text enclosed by {curly brackets} is in a larger font.

Small capital text has been replaced with all capitals.

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Gespert lettering (example: D e d i c a t i o n) indicates blackletter font.

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The carat character (^) indicates that the following letter is superscripted (example: S^t. Thomas).

Variations in spelling, punctuation and hyphenation have been retained except in obvious cases of typographical error.

The frontispiece includes a handwritten signature.

Page 120: The transcriber has changed "cubit" to "cubic"--"contain 72,800 cubic feet".

The cover for the eBook version of this book was created by the transcriber and is placed in the public domain.