CHAPTER VII.

THE ECCLESIASTICAL GEOGRAPHY OF WESTERN EUROPE.

Permanence of ecclesiastical divisions; they preserve earlier divisions; case of Lyons and Rheims 166-167

Patriarchates, Provinces, Dioceses 167

Bishoprics within and without the Empire 167-168

§ 1. _The Great Patriarchates._

The Patriarchates suggested by the Prefectures 168

Rome, Constantinople, Antioch, Alexandria, Jerusalem 168-169

Later Patriarchates 169-170

§ 2. _The Ecclesiastical Divisions of Italy._

Great numbers and smaller importance of the Italian bishoprics 170

Rivals of Rome; Milan, Aquileia, Ravenna 171

The immediate Roman province; other metropolitan sees 171-172

§ 3. _The Ecclesiastical Divisions of Gaul and Germany._

Gaulish and German dioceses 172

Provinces of Southern Gaul; position of Lyons 172-173

New metropolitan sees; Toulouse, Alby, Avignon, Paris; comparison of civil and ecclesiastical divisions 174

Provinces of Northern Gaul and Germany; history of Mainz 178-179

The archiepiscopal electors; other German provinces; Salzburg, Bremen, Magdeburg 176-177

Modern arrangements in France, Germany, and the Netherlands 177

§ 4. _The Ecclesiastical Divisions of Spain._

Peculiarities of Spanish ecclesiastical geography; effects of the Saracen conquest 178

Gothic and later dioceses; neglect of the Pyrenæan barrier 178-179

§ 5. _The Ecclesiastical Divisions of the British Islands._

Analogy between Britain and Spain 179

Tribal nature of the Celtic episcopate 179-180

Scheme of Gregory the Great; the two English provinces; relation of Scotland to York 180-181

Foundation of the English sees; territorial bishoprics 181

Canterbury and its suffragan; effects of the Norman Conquest 181-182

Province of York; Scotland and Ireland 182-183

§ 6. _The Ecclesiastical Divisions of Northern and Eastern Europe._

The Scandinavian provinces; Lund, Upsala, Trondhjem 184

Poland and neighbouring lands; Gnezna, Riga, Leopol 184-185

Provinces of Hungary and Dalmatia 186