CHAPTER I.

INTRODUCTION.

PAGE

Definition of Historical Geography 1

Its relation to kindred studies 1-2

Distinction between geographical and political names 3-5

§ 1. _Geographical Aspect of Europe._

Boundaries of Europe and Asia 5-6

General geography of the two continents—the great peninsulas 6-7

§ 2. _Effects of Geography on History._

Beginnings of history in the southern peninsulas—characteristics of Greece and Italy 7-8

Advance and extent of the Roman dominion; the Mediterranean lands, Gaul, and Britain 8-9

Effects of the geographical position of Germany, France, Spain, Scandinavia, Britain 9-10

Effect of geographical position on the colonizing powers 10

Joint working of geographical position and national character 11

§ 3. _Geographical Distribution of Races._

Europe an Aryan continent—non-Aryan remnants and latter settlements 12

Fins and Basques 13

Order of Aryan settlements; Greeks and Italians 13

Celts, Teutons, Slaves, Lithuanians 14-15

Displacement and assimilation among the Aryan races 16

Intrusion of non-Aryans; Saracens 16

Turanian intrusions; Bulgarians; Magyars; Ottomans; differences in their history 17