mild. Laurie quotes from Manu: "Good instruction must be given to pupils

without unpleasant sensations, and the teacher who reverences virtue must use sweet and gentle words. If a scholar is guilty of a fault, his instructor may punish him with severe words, and threaten that on the next offence he will give him blows; and, if the fault is committed in cold weather, the teacher may dowse him with cold water."[68]

"To the Hindus we are indebted for our numerical notation, often wrongly attributed to the Arabs. During the fifth century after Christ they invented an algebra superior to that of the Greeks, although they were probably assisted by the work of the latter. They early learned how to calculate eclipses and find the location of planets by means of tables. They seem also to have had some knowledge of medicine. By 300 A. D. they possessed a treatise on rhetoric, and had worked out a logic two centuries before the time of Aristotle; while in the science of grammar, as early as the fourth century B. C., they were so far advanced that the Western world first learned what philology was when the study of Sanskrit was opened to Europe a hundred or more years ago."[69]

LITERATURE

1. Allen, David O., India, Ancient and modern.

2. Dubois, Abbé J. A., Hindu manners, customs, and ceremonies.

3. Dutt, Romesh Chunder, A history of civilization in ancient India.

4. Graves, Frank Pierrepont, A history of education, Before the middle ages.

5. Laurie, S. S., Historical survey of pre-Christian education.

6. Letourneau, Ch., The evolution of marriage.

7. Mill, James, The history of British India.

8. Ragozin, Zénaïde A., Vedic India.

9. Ramabai, Pundita, The high-caste Hindu woman.

10. Rhys-Davids, T. W., Buddhist India.