PART XI

THE HISTORY OF THE LATER ROMAN EMPIRE

BASED CHIEFLY UPON THE FOLLOWING AUTHORITIES

AGATHIAS, AMMIANUS, AUGUSTAN HISTORY, J. B. BURY, HENRY FYNES CLINTON, GEORGIUS CEDRENUS, ANNA COMNENA, DION CASSIUS, MICHAEL DUCAS, EINHARD (EGINHARD), EUTROPIUS, GEORGE FINLAY, HEINRICH GELZER, EDWARD GIBBON, FRIEDRICH WILHELM BENJAMIN VON GIESEBRECHT, FERDINAND GREGOROVIUS, G. F. HERTZBERG, THOMAS HODGKIN, JORDANES (JORNANDES), JOANNES MALALAS, PROCOPIUS, L. VON RANKE, STRABO, TACITUS, VELLEIUS, GEORG WEBER, JOANNES ZONARAS, ZOSIMUS

TOGETHER WITH

A SURVEY OF THE HISTORY OF THE MIDDLE AGES

BY

JAMES T. SHOTWELL

WITH ADDITIONAL CITATIONS FROM

SIGURD ABEL, JOHANN CHRISTOPH ADELUNG, AGOBARD, ANASTASIUS, ANNALES FULDENSES, ANNALES METTENSES, BARONIUS, FRIEDRICH BLUHME, HENRY BRADLEY, HERMANN BROSIEN, JAMES BRYCE, CODEX CAROLINUS, CASSIODORUS, CHRONICLE OF MOISSIAC, ROBERT COMYN, CORIPPUS, C. DU F. DU CANGE, S. A. DUNHAM, JEAN VICTOR DURUY, ERCHANBERTUS, EVAGRIUS OF EPIPHANEIA, ERNST WILHELM FÖRSTEMANN, FREDEGARIUS SCHOLASTICUS, E. A. FREEMAN, GABRIEL H. GAILLARD, GEORGIUS MONACHUS, HEINRICH GERDES, AUGUST FRIEDRICH GFÖRER, GREGORY OF TOURS, JACOB GRIMM, ALBERT GUELDENPENNING, HENRY HALLAM, JOSEPH VON HAMMER-PURGSTALL, JEAN BARTHÉLEMY HAURÉAU, KARL JOSEPH VON HEFELE, ISIDORUS HISPALENSIS, HENRY H. HOWORTH, JOHN OF EPHESUS, JULIAN, LAMBERT VON HERSFELD (_or_ ASCHAFFENBURG), ERNEST LAVISSE AND ALFRED RAMBAUD, CHARLES LECOINTE, LEO DIACONUS, CHARLTON T. LEWIS, MARIE PAULINE DE LÉZARDIÈRE, LIBANIUS, JULIUS LIPPERT, MALCHUS PHILADELPHUS, WILHELM MARTENS, HENRI MARTIN, WOLFGANG MENZEL, J. F. MICHAUD, MONK OF ST. GAUL, DAVID MÜLLER, FRIEDRICH MÜLLER, NICEPHORUS PATRIARCHA, NICETAS ACOMINATUS, OELSNER, GEORGIUS PACHYMERES, R. PALLMANN, PANEGYRICI VETERES, PAULUS DIACONUS, WALTER C. PERRY, PETRUS PATRIARCHUS, GEORGIUS PHRANZES, PROSPER AQUITANICUS, PTOLEMY, HERMANN VON REICHENAU, E. ROBERT ROESLER, SALVIANUS OF MARSEILLES, F. J. SAULCY, K. SCHENK, F. C. SCHLOSSER, LUDWIG SCHMIDT, J. Y. SHEPPARD, C. SOLLIUS APOLLINARIS SIDONIUS, JAMES SIME, M. E. THALHEIMER, THEOPHANES, THEOPHYLACTUS SIMOCATTA, THIETMAR OF MERSEBURG, GEOFFREY DE VILLE-HARDOUIN, WALAFRIED STRABUS, WIPO, JOHANN G. A. WIRTH, J. K. ZEUS

CONTENTS