The handbook of soap manufacture

Researches of Chevreul and Berthelot--Mixed Glycerides--Modern Theories of Saponification--Hydrolysis accelerated by (1) HEAT OR ELECTRICITY, (2) FERMENTS, Castor-seed Ferment,...

Classification of Soaps--Direct combination of Fatty Acids with Alkali--Cold Process Soaps--Saponification under Increased or Diminished Pressure--Soft Soap--Marine Soap--Hydrat...

Toilet Soaps--Cold Process soaps--Settled Boiled Soaps--Remelted Soaps--Milled Soaps--Drying--Milling and Incorporating Colour, Perfume, or Medicament--Perfume--Colouring matter...

It has been said that the use of soap is a gauge of the civilisation of a nation, but though this may perhaps be in a great measure correct at the present day, the use of soap h...

_Researches of Chevreul and Berthelot--Mixed Glycerides--Modern Theories of Saponification--Hydrolysis accelerated by (1) Heat or Electricity, (2) Ferments; Castor-seed Ferment,...

_Fats and Oils._--All animal and vegetable oils and fats intended for soap-making should be as free as possible from unsaponifiable matter, of a good colour and appearance, and...

Having described the most important and interesting oils and fats used or suggested for use in the manufacture of soap, let us now consider briefly the methods of bleaching and...

_Classification of Soaps--Direct Combination of Fatty Acids with Alkali--Cold Process Soaps--Saponification under Increased or Diminished Pressure--Soft Soap--Marine Soap--Hydra...

_Cleansing._--After completion of saponification, and allowing the contents of the pan to settle into the various layers, as described in the preceding chapter, the actual soap,...

_Toilet Soaps--Cold Process Soaps--Settled Boiled Soaps--Remelted Soaps--Milled Soaps--Drying--Milling and Incorporating Colour, Perfume, or Medicament--Perfume--Colouring Matte...

The number of raw materials, both natural and artificial, at the disposal of the perfumer, has increased so enormously during recent years that the scenting of soaps has now bec...

As pointed out in Chapter II. the fatty acids, which, combined with soda or potash, form soap, occur in nature almost invariably in the form of glycerides, _i.e._, compounds of...

_Raw Materials._--Average figures have already been given in Chapters III. and VIII. for the more important physical and chemical characteristics of fats and oils, also of essen...

Until the year 1853 the amount of soap produced annually in this country was readily obtainable from the official returns collected for the purpose of levying the duty, and the...