Chapter 45

Terre"plein (?), n. (Civ. Engin.) An embankment of earth with a broad level top, which is sometimes excavated to form a continuation of an elevated canal across a valley.

Ter*rine" (?), n. [F. See Tureen.] 1. A dish or pan, originally of earthenware, such as those in which various dishes are cooked and served; esp., an earthenware jar containing some table delicacy and sold with its contents.

2. (Cookery) A kind of ragout formerly cooked and served in the same dish; also, a dish consisting of several meats braised together and served in a terrine.

3. A soup tureen.

Ter`ri*to"ri*al wa"ters. (Internat. Law) The waters under the territorial jurisdiction of a state; specif., the belt (often called the marine belt or territorial sea) of sea subject to such jurisdiction, and subject only to the right of innocent passage by the vessels of other states.

Perhaps it may be said without impropriety that a state has theoretically the right to extend its territorial waters from time to time at its will with the increased range of guns. Whether it would in practice be judicious to do so . . . is a widely different matter . . . . In any case the custom of regulating a line three miles from land as defining the boundary of marginal territorial waters is so far fixed that a state must be supposed to accept it in absence of express notice.

W. E. Hall.

||Ter"ti*um quid (?). [L.] A third somewhat; something mediating, or regarded as being, between two diverse or incompatible substances, natures, or positions.

{ Tes"la coil, Tes"la trans*form"er } (?). [After N. Tesla, American electrician.] (Elec.) A transformer without iron, for high frequency alternating or oscillating currents; an oscillation transformer.

Teth"er-ball`, n. A game played with rackets and a ball suspended by a string from an upright pole, the object of each side being to wrap the string around the pole by striking the ball in a direction opposite to the other.

{ Tet*raz"ine (?), n. Also -in }. [Tetrazo- + -ine.] (Chem.) A hypothetical compound, C2H2N4 which may be regarded as benzene with four CH groups replaced by nitrogen atoms; also, any of various derivatives of the same. There are three isomeric varieties.

Tet*raz"ole (?), n. [Tetrazo- + -ole.] (Org. Chem.) A crystalline acid substance, CH2N4, which may be regarded as pyrrol in which nitrogen atoms replace three CH groups; also, any of various derivatives of the same.

Tet"rose (?), n. [Tetra- + - ose.] (Chem.) A monosaccharide derived from a certain alcohol.

Tex"as Leagu"er (?). [From the Texas (baseball) League.] (Baseball) A short fly that falls too far out to be handled by an infielder and too close in to be caught by an outfielder. [Cant]

Text hand. A large hand in writing; -- so called because it was the practice to write the text of a book in a large hand and the notes in a smaller hand.

||Thal*loph"y*ta (?), n. pl. [NL. See Thallophyte.] (Bot.) A phylum of plants of very diverse habit and structure, including the algæ, fungi, and lichens. The simpler forms, as many blue-green algæ, yeasts, etc., are unicellular and reproduce vegetatively or by means of asexual spores; in the higher forms the plant body is a thallus, which may be filamentous or may consist of plates of cells; it is commonly undifferentiated into stem, leaves, and roots, and shows no distinct tissue systems; the fronds of many algæ, however, are modified to serve many of the functions of the above- named organs. Both asexual and sexual reproduction, often of a complex type, occur in these forms. The Thallophyta exist almost exclusively as gametophytes, the sporophyte being absent or rudimentary. By those who do not separate the Myxophyta from the Tallophyta as a distinct phylum the latter is treated as the lowermost group in the vegetable kingdom.

Thal"lo*phyte (?), n. [Gr. &?; young shoot + -phyte.] (Bot.) A plant belonging to the Thallophyta. -- Thal`lo*phyt"ic (#), a.

||Thal"weg` (?), n. [G., fr. thal valley + weg way. See Dale; Way.] (Physiography) (a) A line following the lowest part of a valley, whether under water or not. (b) The line of continuous maximum descent from any point on a land surface, or that cutting all contours and angles.

||Tha"na (tä"nä), n. [Written also tana, tanna.] [Hind. thn.] A police station. [India] Kipling.

The"ism (th"z'm), n. [NL. & E. thea tea + -ism.] (Med.) The morbid condition resulting from the excessive use of tea.

Ther*man"ti*dote (?), n. [Gr. &?; heat + E. antidote.] A device for circulating and cooling the air, consisting essentially of a kind of roasting fan fitted in a window and incased in wet tatties. [India]

Will you bring me to book on the mountains, or where the thermantidotes play?

Kipling.

{ Ther`mo*an`æs*the"si*a or -an`es*the"si*a } (?), n. [NL.] (Med.) Loss of power to distinguish heat or cold by touch.

Ther`mo*bar"o*graph (?), n. (Physics) An instrument for recording simultaneously the pressure and temperature of a gas; a combined thermograph and barograph.

Ther`mo*ba*rom"e*ter, n. A siphon barometer adapted to be used also as a thermometer.

Ther`mo*chro"ic (?), a. [Thermo- + Gr. &?;, &?;, color.] Pert. to or designating heat rays that have undergone selective absorption and are therefore analogous to colored light rays.

Ther"mo*cou`ple (?), n. A thermoelectric couple.

Ther"mo*cur`rent (?), n. (Physics) A current developed or set in motion by heat; specif., an electric current, in a heterogeneous circuit, due to differences of temperature between the junctions of the substances of which the circuit is composed.

Ther"mo*din (?), n. [G., fr. Gr. &?; heat.] (Pharm.) A white crystalline substance derived from urethane, used in medicine as an antipyretic, etc.

{ Ther`mo*e*lec"tric couple or pair } (?). (Elec.) A union of two conductors, as bars or wires of dissimilar metals joined at their extremities, for producing a thermoelectric current.

Ther"mo*gram (?), n. (Physics) The trace or record made by means of a thermograph.

Ther*mog"ra*phy (?), n. [Thermo- + -graphy.] Any process of writing involving the use of heat.

Ther`mo*junc"tion (?), n. (Elec.) A junction of two dissimilar conductors used to produce a thermoelectric current, as in one form of pyrometer; a thermocouple.

Ther`mo*lu`mi*nes"cence (?), n. (Physics) Luminescence exhibited by a substance on being moderately heated. It is shown esp. by certain substances that have been exposed to the action of light or to the cathode rays. -- -lu`mi*nes"cent (#), a.

<! p. 2018 !>

Ther`mo*lyt"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to thermolysis.

Ther`mo*mo"tor (?), n. A heat engine; a hot-air engine.

Ther`mo*neu*ro"sis (?), n. [NL.] (Med.) (a) A neurosis caused by exposure to heat. (b) A neurosis causing rise or fall of a body's temperature.

Ther`mo*neu*tral"i*ty (?), n. (Chem.) Neutrality as regards heat effects.

Ther`mo*phil"ic (?), a. [Thermo- + Gr. &?; loving + -ic.] Heat-loving; -- applied esp. to certain bacteria.

Ther"mo*phone (?), n. [Thermo- + phone.] 1. A portable form of telethermometer, using a telephone in connection with a differential thermometer.

2. A telephone involving heat effects, as changes in temperature (hence in length) due to pulsations of the line current in a fine wire connected with the receiver diaphragm.

Ther"mo*phore (?), n. [Thermo- + Gr. &?; -bearing, fr. &?; to bear.] An apparatus for conveying heat, as a case containing material which retains its heat for a considerable period.

Ther`mo*reg"u*la`tor (?), n. (Physics) A device for the automatic regulation of temperature; a thermostat.

Ther`mo*si"phon (?), n. An arrangement of siphon tubes for assisting circulation in a liquid.

Ther`mo*sta"ble (?), a. [Thermo- + stable fixed.] (Physiol. Chem.) Capable of being heated to or somewhat above 55° C. without loss of special properties; -- said of immune substances, etc.

Ther`mo*tac"tic (?), a. (Physiol.) Of or retaining to thermotaxis.

Ther"mo*tank (?), n. [Thermo- + ank.] A tank containing pipes through which circulates steam, water, air, or the like, for heating or cooling; -- used in some heating and ventilation systems.

Ther`mo*tax"is (?), n. [NL.; thermo- + Gr. &?; an arranging.] (Physiol.) (a) The property possessed by protoplasm of moving under the influence of heat. (b) Determination of the direction of locomotion by heat.

Ther`mo*ten"sile (?), a. Pertaining to the variation of tensile strength with the temperature.

Ther`mo*ther"a*py (?), n. [Thermo- + therapy.] (Med.) Treatment of disease by heat, esp. by hot air.

Ther*mot"o*nus (?), n. [NL.; thermo- + tonus.] (Plant Physiol.) A condition of tonicity with respect to temperature.

The"roid (?), a. [Gr. qh`r, qhro`s, wild beast + -oid.] (Med.) Resembling a beast in nature or habit; marked by animal characteristics; as, theroid idiocy.

Thig`mo*tac"tic (?), a. (Physiol.) Of or pertaining to thigmotaxis.

||Thig`mo*tax"is (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; touch + &?; an arranging.] (Physiol.) The property possessed by living protoplasm of contracting, and thus moving, when touched by a solid or fluid substance.

When the movement is away from the touching body, it is negative thigmotaxis; when towards it, positive thigmotaxis.

{ Thing, ||Ting } (?), n. [Dan. thing, ting, Norw. ting, or Sw. ting.] In Scandinavian countries, a legislative or judicial assembly; -- used, esp. in composition, in titles of such bodies. See Legislature, Norway.

Think, n. Act of thinking; a thought. [Obs. or Colloq.]

Third rail. (Electric Railways) (a) The third rail used in the third-rail system. (b) An electric railway using such a rail. [Colloq.]

Third-rail system. (Electric Railways) A system in which a third rail is used for carrying the current for operating the motors, the rail being insulated from the ground and the current being taken off by means of contact brushes or other devices.

{ Thom"as phos"phate or slag }. Same as Basic slag, above.

Thom"as proc"ess (?). (Iron Metal.) Same as Basic process, above.

Thomson process. [After Elihu Thomson, American inventor.] A process of electric welding in which heat is developed by a large current passing through the metal.

Thought transference. Telepathy.

Three"-col`or, a. Designating, or pert. to, a photomechanical process employing printings in three colors, as red, yellow, and blue.

Three"-mile`, a. Of or pertaining to three miles; as, the three-mile limit, or the limit of the marine belt (the three-mile belt or zone) of three miles included in territorial waters (which see) of a state.

Three"-port`, a. Having three ports; specif.: Designating a type of two-cycle internal-combustion engine in which the mixture enters the crank case through a port uncovered by the piston near the end of its stroke.

Three"-torque` system of control. (Aëronautics) Any system of rudders by which the pilot can exert a turning moment about each of the three rectangular axes of an aëroplane or airship.

Throm"bin (?), n. [See Thrombus.] (Physiol. Chem.) The fibrin ferment which produces the formation of fibrin from fibrinogen.

Throw, v. i. -- To throw back, to revert to an ancestral type or character. "A large proportion of the steerage passengers throw back to their Darwinian ancestry." The Century.

Throw"ing stick`. (Anthropol.) An instrument used by various savage races for throwing a spear; -- called also throw stick and spear thrower. One end of the stick receives the butt of the spear, as upon a hook or thong, and the other end is grasped with the hand, which also holds the spear, toward the middle, above it with the finger and thumb, the effect being to bring the place of support nearer the center of the spear, and practically lengthen the arm in the act of throwing.

Thud (?), v. i. & t. To make, or strike so as to make, a dull sound, or thud.

Hardly the softest thudding of velvety pads.

A. C. Doyle.

The waves break into spray, dash and rumble and thud below your feet.

H. F. Brown.

Thug, n. An assassin; a ruffian; a rough. "Thugs and midnight rounders." The Century.

Tick"er, n. A telegraphic receiving instrument that automatically prints off stock quotations (stock ticker) and other news on a paper ribbon or "tape."

Tid"dle*dy*winks` (?), n. A game in which the object is to snap small disks of bone, ivory, or the like, from a flat surface, as of a table, into a small cup or basket; -- called also tiddlywinks. [U. S.]

Tid"dly*winks` (?), n. Same as Tiddledywinks. Kipling.

Tide"land (?), n. Land that is overflowed by tide water; hence, land near the sea.

||Ti*en"da (?), n. [Sp., prop., tent, awning.] In Cuba, Mexico, etc., a booth, stall, or shop where merchandise is sold.

Tik"or (?), n. [Hind. tikhur.] A starch or arrow-root made from the tubes of an East Indian zinziberaceous plant (Curcuma angustifolia); also, the plant itself.

{ Ti*kur", Ti*koor" } (?), n. [Hind. tik&?;r.] An East Indian tree (Garcinia pedunculata) having a large yellow fleshy fruit with a pleasant acid flavor.

Tile"seed` (?), n. (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Geissois, having seeds overlapping like tiles on a roof.

||Til"i*a (?), n. [L., linden. Cf. Teil.] (Bot.) A genus of trees, the lindens, the type of the family Tiliaceæ, distinguished by the winglike bract coalescent with the peduncle, and by the indehiscent fruit having one or two seeds. There are about twenty species, natives of temperate regions. Many species are planted as ornamental shade trees, and the tough fibrous inner bark is a valuable article of commerce. Also, a plant of this genus.

||Til*land"si*a (?), n. [NL., after Prof. Tillands, of Abo, in Finland.] (Bot.) An immense genus of epiphytic bromeliaceous plants confined to tropical and subtropical America. They usually bear a rosette of narrow overlapping basal leaves, which often hold a considerable quantity of water. The spicate or paniculate flowers have free perianth segments, and are often subtended by colored bracts. Also, a plant of this genus.

Til seed (tl; tl). (a) The seed of sesame. (b) The seed of an African asteraceous plant (Guizotia abyssinica), yielding a bland fixed oil used in medicine.

Til tree (tl; tl). (a) Var. of Teil tree. (b) An ill- smelling lauraceous tree (Ocotea fœtens) of the Canary Islands; -- sometimes disting. as Canary Island til tree.

||Tim`bale" (?), n. [F., prop., a kettledrum; -- so named from the form of the mold used. Cf. Timbal.] (Cookery) A seasoned preparation, as of chicken, lobster, cheese, or fish, cooked in a drum-shaped mold; also, a pastry case, usually small, filled with a cooked mixture.

Time policy. (Insurance) A policy limited to become void at a specified time; -- often contrasted with voyage policy.

Tim"er (?), n. (Internal-combustion Engines) In electric ignition, an adjustable device for automatically timing the spark.

Time signature. (Music) A sign at the beginning of a composition or movement, placed after the key signature, to indicate its time or meter. Also called rhythmical signature. It is in the form of a fraction, of which the denominator indicates the kind of note taken as time unit for the beat, and the numerator, the number of these to the measure.

||Tin`tin*nab"u*lum (?), n.; pl. Tintinnabula (#). [L., a bell. See Tintinnabular.] A bell; also, a set or combination of bells or metal plates used as a musical instrument or as a toy.

Tint*om"e*ter (?), n. [Tint + -meter.] (Physics) An apparatus for the determination of colors by comparison with arbitrary standards; a colorimeter.

Tip"ple (?), n. [Cf. 3d Tip.] An apparatus by which loaded cars are emptied by tipping; also, the place where such tipping is done.

Tip"ster (?), n. [Tip a hint + -ster.] One who makes a practice of giving or selling tips, or private hints or information, esp. for use in gambling upon the probable outcome of events, as horse races.

Tip"stock` (?), n. The detachable or movable fore part of a gunstock, lying beneath the barrel or barrels, and forming a hold for the left hand.

Tirl (?), v. i. [Cf. Twirl, Thirl.] [Scot. & Prov. Eng.] 1. To quiver; to vibrate; to veer about.

2. To make a ratting or clattering sound by twirling or shaking; as, to tirl at the pin, or latch, of a door.

Ti"tan crane. (Mach.) A massive crane with an overhanging counterbalanced arm carrying a traveler and lifting crab, the whole supported by a carriage mounted on track rails. It is used esp. for setting heavy masonry blocks for piers, breakwaters, etc.

Ti"ti (?), n. [Orig. uncert.] 1. A tree of the southern United States (Cliftonia monophylla) having glossy leaves and racemes of fragrant white flowers succeeded by one-seeded drupes; -- called also black titi, buckwheat tree, and ironwood.

2. Any related tree of the genus Cyrilla, often disting. as white titi.

{ Tit"i*vate, Tit"ti*vate } (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Titivated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Titivating (?).] [Formed from an uncertain source, in imitation of words in -ate fr. L.] To dress or smarten up; to spruce. -- Tit`i*va"tion, Tit`ti*va"tion (#), n. [Both Humorous]

"Come here, an' let me titivate you." He sat down beside her, and submitted to be dusted.

Quiller- Couch.

Tit"tup (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tittuped (?) or Tittupped; p. pr. & vb. n. Tittuping or Tittupping.] [Written also titup.] [Cf. Teeter.] To behave or move in a lively or restless manner, as an impatient horse; to caper; to prance; to frisk. Kipling.

Tit"tup, n. The act of tittuping; lively, gay, or restless behavior or gait; a prance or caper. [Written also titup.]

Tit"tup*py (?), a. Given to tittuping; gay; lively; prancing; also, shaky; unsteady.

Tiv"o*li (?), n. [Prob. fr. Tivoli in Italy, a pleasure resort not far from Rome.] A game resembling bagatelle, played on a special oblong board or table (Tivoli board or table), which has a curved upper end, a set of numbered compartments at the lower end, side alleys, and the surface studded with pins and sometimes furnished with numbered depressions or cups.

Tlin"kit (?), n. pl. The Indians of a seafaring group of tribes of southern Alaska comprising the Koluschan stock. Previous to deterioration from contact with the whites they were the foremost traders of the northwest. They built substantial houses of cedar adorned with totem poles, and were expert stone carvers and copper workers. Slavery, the potlatch, and the use of immense labrets were characteristic. Many now work in the salmon industry.

To"bie (?), n. [Cf. Toby.] A kind of inferior cigar of a long slender shape, tapered at one end. [Local, U. S.]

To"by (?), n.; pl. - bies (#). [Perh. from the proper name.] A small jug, pitcher, or mug, generally used for ale, shaped somewhat like a stout man, with a cocked hat forming the brim.

{ ||Toc`ca*tel"la (?), ||Toc`ca*ti"na (?) }, n.} [It.] (Music) A short or simple toccata.

Toe drop. (Med.) A morbid condition of the foot in which the toe is depressed and the heel elevated.

Toe hold. (Wrestling) A hold in which the agressor bends back his opponent's foot.

Toff (?), n. [Etym. uncertain.] A fop; a beau; a swell. [Slang, Eng.] Kipling.

Tog (?), v. t. & i. To put toggery, or togs, on; to dress; -- usually with out, implying care, elaborateness, or the like. [Colloq. or Slang] Harper's Weekly.

Togs (?), n. pl. [See Toggery.] Clothes; garments; toggery. [Colloq. or Slang]

||To"hu*bo"hu (t"h-b"h), n. [F. tohu-bohu, fr. Heb. toh wa boh without form and void (Gen. i. 2).] Chaos; confusion.

Was ever such a tohubohu of people as there assembles?

Thuckeray.

||Toi`son" (tw`zôn"), n. [F.] A sheep's fleece.

||Toi`son" d'or" (dr"). [F.] Lit., the golden fleece; specif., the order of the Golden Fleece, or its jewel.

To"ken, n. (Weaving) In a Jacquard loom, a colored signal to show the weaver which shuttle to use.

Tol"er*ance, n. 1. (Forestry) Capability of growth in more or less shade.

2. Allowed amount of variation from the standard or from exact conformity to the specified dimensions, weight, etc., as in various mechanical operations; specif.: (Coinage) The amount which coins, either singly or in lots, are legally allowed to vary above or below the standard of weight or fineness.

{ Tol*stoy"an, Tol*stoi"an } (?), a. Of or pertaining to Tolstoy (1828- 1910). -- n. A follower of Tolstoy, who advocates and practices manual labor, simplicity of living, nonresistance, etc., holds that possession of wealth and ownership of property are sinful, and in religion rejects all teachings not coming from Christ himself.

Tom, n. 1. A familiar contraction of Thomas, a proper name of a man.

2. The male of certain animals; -- often used adjectively or in composition; as, tom turkey, tomcat, etc.

Tom and Jerry. A hot sweetened drink of rum and water spiced with cinnamon, cloves, etc., and beaten up with eggs.

Tom"my At"kins (?). Any white regular soldier of the British army; also, such soldiers collectively; -- said to be fictitious name inserted in the models given to soldiers to guide them in filling out account blanks, etc.

Tom o' Bed"lam (?). Formerly, a wandering mendicant discharged as incurable from Bethlehem Hospitel, Eng.; hence, a wandering mendicant, either mad or feigning to be so; a madman; a bedlamite.

Tom"tate (?), n. A Florida and West Indian grunt (Bathystoma, or Hæmulon, rimator); also, any of various allied species.

Tone, n. 1. (Physiol.) Quality, with respect to attendant feeling; the more or less variable complex of emotion accompanying and characterizing a sensation or a conceptual state; as, feeling tone; color tone.

2. Color quality proper; -- called also hue. Also, a gradation of color, either a hue, or a tint or shade.

She was dressed in a soft cloth of a gray tone.

Sir G. Parker.

3. (Plant Physiol.) The condition of normal balance of a healthy plant in its relations to light, heat, and moisture.

Tong (?), n. [Chinese t'ang, lit., hall.] In China, an association, secret society, or organization of any kind; in the United States, usually, a secret association of Chinese such as that of the highbinders.

Ton"ga (?), n. [Hind. tng, Skr. tamagaka.] A kind of light two-wheeled vehicle, usually for four persons, drawn by ponies or bullocks. [India]

Tongu"ing (?), vb. n. (Music) Modification of tone for a rapid staccato effect by the performer's tongue, in playing a wind instrument, as a flute. In single tonguing only one kind of stroke is used, the tongue articulating a rapid "t;" in double tonguing, two strokes, as for "t" and "k," are alternated; in triple tonguing, "t, k, t," etc.

Ton"ic, a. (Med.) Characterized by continuous muscular contraction; as, tonic convulsions.

<! p. 2019 !>

Ton mile. (Railroads) A unit of measurement of the freight transportation performed by a railroad during a given period, usually a year, the total of which consists of the sum of the products obtained by multiplying the aggregate weight of each shipment in tons during the given period by the number of miles for which it is carried.

Ton mileage. (Railroads) Ton miles collectively; esp., the total ton miles performed by a railroad in a given period.

||Tonne (?), n. [F.] A metric ton.

||Ton`neau" (?), n.; pl. Tonneaux (#). [F.] 1. In France, a light-wheeled vehicle with square or rounded body and rear entrance.

2. (Automobiles) Orig., the after part of the body with entrance at the rear (as in vehicle in def. 1); now, one with sides closing in the seat or seats and entered by a door usually at the side, also, the entire body of an automobile having such an after part.

3. = Tonne.