Chapter 44

||Tal"lith (?), n. [NHeb. tallth.] (Jewish Costume) (a) An undergarment worn by orthodox Jews, covering the chest and the upper part of the back. It has an opening for the head, and has tassels, called zizith, on its four corners. (b) A tasseled shawl or scarf worn over the head or thrown round the shoulders while at prayer.

Tal"mud*ism (?), n. (&?;), n. The teachings of the Talmud, or adherence to them.

Ta*ma"le (?), n. [Written also tamal, tomale.] [Amer. Sp. tamal, of Mex. origin.] A Mexican dish made of crushed maize mixed with minced meat, seasoned with red pepper, dipped in oil, and steamed.

Tam`bour*ine" (?), n. A South American wild dove (Tympanistria tympanistria), mostly white, with black-tiped wings and tail. Its resonant note is said to be ventriloquous.

Tam`-o'-shan"ter (?), n. [So named after Tam o'Shanter, a character in Burns's poem of the same name.] A kind of Scotch cap of wool, worsted, or the like, having a round, flattish top much wider than the band which fits the head, and usually having a tassel in the center.

Tam"worth (?), n. [From Tamworth, Staffordshire, England.] One of a long-established English breed of large pigs. They are red, often spotted with black, with a long snout and erect or forwardly pointed ears, and are valued as bacon producers.

Tan, v. t. To thrash or beat; to flog; to switch. [Colloq.]

Tan"dem, n. A tandem bicycle or other vehicle.

Tan"dem cart. A kind of two-wheeled vehicle with seats back to back, the front one somewhat elevated.

Tandem engine. A steam engine having two or more steam cylinders in line, with a common piston rod.

Tandem system. (Elec.) = Cascade system.

Tang (täng), n. [Chin. T'ang.] A dynasty in Chinese history, from a. d. 618 to 905, distinguished by the founding of the Imperial Academy (the Hanlin), by the invention of printing, and as marking a golden age of literature.

Tan"ge*lo (tn"j*l), n. [Tangerine + pomelo.] A hybrid between the tangerine orange and the grapefruit, or pomelo; also, the fruit.

Tangent spoke. A tension spoke of a bicycle or similar wheel, secured tangentially to the hub.

Tangent wheel. (a) A worm or worm wheel; a tangent screw. (b) A wheel with tangent spokes.

Tan"go (?), n.; pl. Tangos (#). [Sp., a certain dance.] (a) A difficult dance in two-four time characterized by graceful posturing, frequent pointing positions, and a great variety of steps, including the cross step and turning steps. The dance is of Spanish origin, and is believed to have been in its original form a part of the fandango. (b) Any of various popular forms derived from this.

Tank (?), n. A pond, pool, or small lake, natural or artificial.

We stood in the afterglow on the bank of the tank and saw the ducks come homa.

F. Remington.

The tanks are full and the grass is high.

Lawson.

Tank"age (?), n. 1. The act or process of putting or storing in tanks.

2. Fees charged for storage in tanks.

3. The capacity or contents of a tank or tanks.

4. (Agric.) Waste matter from tanks; esp., the dried nitrogenous residue from tanks in which fat has been rendered, used as a fertilizer.

{ Tank ship, Tank vessel }. (Naut.) A vessel fitted with tanks for the carrying of oil or other liquid in bulk.

Tan"ner (?), n. [Etym. uncertain.] A sixpence. [Slang, Eng.]

Tan"ni*gen (?), n. [Tannin + -gen.] (Pharm.) A compound obtained as a yellowish gray powder by the action of acetyl chloride or acetic anhydride or ordinary tannic acid. It is used as an intestinal astringent, and locally in rhinitis and pharyngitis.

Tan"tra (tn"tr; tn"-), n. [Skr.] (Hinduism) A ceremonial treatise related to Puranic and magic literature; esp., one of the sacred works of the worshipers of Sakti. -- Tan"tric (- trk), a.

Tan"trism (?), n. The system of doctrines and rites taught in the tantras. -- Tan"trist (#), n.

||Tao`tai" (?), n. [Chin. tao circuit + t'ai, a title of respect.] In China, an official at the head of the civil and military affairs of a circuit, which consists of two or more fu, or territorial departments; -- called also, by foreigners, intendant of circuit. Foreign consuls and commissioners associated with taotais as superintendants of trade at the treaty ports are ranked with the taotai.

{ ||Tap`a*de"ra (?), ||Tap`a*de"ro (?) }, n.} [Also tapidero.] [Sp. tapadera lid, cover.] One of the leather hoods which cover the stirrups of a Mexican saddle.

Tape (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Taped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Taping.] To furnish with tape; to fasten, tie, bind, or the like, with tape; specif. (Elec.), to cover (a wire) with insulating tape.

Tap"es*try bee"tle. A small black dermestoid beetle (Attagenus piceus) whose larva feeds on tapestry, carpets, silk, fur, flour, and various other goods.

Tap"pet rod. (Mech.) A rod carrying a tappet or tappets, as one for closing the valves in a Cornish pumping engine.

Tap*poon" (?), n. [Sp. tampón a stopper.] (Irrigation) A piece of wood or sheet metal fitted into a ditch to dam up the water so as to overflow a field. [U. S.]

Tar"get (?), n. 1. A thin cut; a slice; specif., of lamb, a piece consisting of the neck and breast joints. [Eng.]

2. A tassel or pendent; also, a shred; tatter. [Obs. Scot.]

Tar"iff (?), n. A tariff may be imposed solely for, and with reference to, the production of revenue (called a revenue tariff, or tariff for revenue, or for the artificial fostering of home industries (a projective tariff), or as a means of coercing foreign governments, as in case of retaliatory tariff.

Tar*pe"ian (?), a. [L. Tarpeius, prop., pertaining to Tarpeia.] Pertaining to or designating a rock or peak of the Capitoline hill, Rome, from which condemned criminals were hurled.

Task wage. (Polit. Econ.) A wage paid by the day, or some fixed period, on condition that a minimum task be performed. When the workman is paid in proportion for excess over the minimum, the wage is one for piece-work.

Tat"ter*sall's (?), n. A famous horse market in London, established in 1766 by Richard Tattersall, also used as the headquarters of credit betting on English horse races; hence, a large horse market elsewhere.

Tat"ty (?), n.; pl. Tatties (#). [Hind. a.] A mat or screen of fibers, as of the kuskus grass, hung at a door or window and kept wet to moisten and cool the air as it enters. [India]

Tau (tou), n. [Gr. tay^.] The nineteenth letter (, τ) of the Greek alphabet, equivalent to English t.

{ Tau"pie, Taw"pie } (?), n. [Cf. Icel. tpi fool, Dan. taabe, Sw. tåp.] A foolish or thoughtless young person, esp. a slothful or slovenly woman. [Scot.] Burns.

Tau"rid (?), n. [Taurus + 1st -id.] (Astron.) Any of a group of meteors appearing November 20-23; -- so called because they appear to radiate from a point in Taurus.

Tau*taug" (?), n. (Zoöl.) Same as Tautog.

Tax certificate. (Law) The certificate issued to the purchaser of land at a tax sale certifying to the sale and the payment of the consideration thereof, and entitling the purchaser upon certain conditions and at a certain time thereafter to a deed or instrument of conveyance (called a tax deed) of the land, to be executed by the proper officer.

Tax"is (?), n. In technical uses, as in architecture, biology, grammar, etc., arrangement; order; ordonnance.

Tay"lor-White" proc`ess. (Metal.) A process (invented about 1899 by Frederick W. Taylor and Maunsel B. White) for giving toughness to self-hardening steels. The steel is heated almost to fusion, cooled to a temperature of from 700° to 850° C. in molten lead, further cooled in oil, reheated to between 370° and 670° C., and cooled in air.

Tchick (?), n. [Imitative.] A slight sound such as that made by pressing the tongue against the roof of the mouth and explosively sucking out the air at one side, as in urging on a horse. -- v. i. To make a tchick.

T connection. (Elec.) The connection of two coils diagrammatically as a letter T, chiefly used as a connection for passing transformers. When the three free ends are connected to a source of three-phase current, two-phase current may be derived from the secondary circuits. The reverse arrangement may be used to transform from two-phase. -- T"- connected, a.

Teache (?), n. [Cf. Amer. Sp. tacha, tacho.] (Sugar Manuf.) Any, esp. the last, of the series of boilers or evaporating pans.

Team"work` (?), n. Work done by a number of associates, usually each doing a clearly defined portion, but all subordinating personal prominence to the efficiency of the whole; as, the teamwork of a football eleven or a gun crew.

Is the teamwork system employed, or does one workman make the whole cigar?

U. S. Consular Repts.

Tear (?), n. (Glass Manuf.) A partially vitrified bit of clay in glass. -- Tears of St. Lawrence, the Perseid shower of meteors, seen every year on or about the eve of St. Lawrence, August 9th. -- T. of wine, drops which form and roll down a glass above the surface of strong wine. The phenomenon is due to the evaporation of alcohol from the surface layer, which, becoming more watery, increases in surface tension and creeps up the sides until its weight causes it to break.

Teas"er (?), n. (Elec.) A shunt winding on field magnets for maintaining their magnetism when the main circuit is open.

Tech*ni"cian (?), n. A technicist; esp., one skilled particularly in the technical details of his work.

Tech"ni*phone (?), n. [Gr. &?; art + -phone.] (Music) A dumb gymnastic apparatus for training the hands of pianists and organists, as to a legato touch.

Tech*nog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. &?; art, skill, craft + graph.] Description of the arts and crafts of tribes and peoples. -- Tech`no*graph"ic, Tech`no*graph"ic*al (#), a.

Tec*ton"ic (?), a. 1. (Biol.) Structural.

2. (Geol. & Phys. Geog.) Of, pert. to, or designating, the rock structures and external forms resulting from the deformation of the earth's crust; as, tectonic arches or valleys.

Tec*ton"ics (?), n. The science or art by which implements, vessels, buildings, etc., are constructed, both in relation to their use and to their artistic design.

||Te*des"co (?), a.; pl. Tedeschi (#). [It., of Germanic origin. See Dutch.] German; -- used chiefly of art, literature, etc.

||Te De"um (?). A musical setting of the Te Deum.

Tee, n. The letter T, t; also, something shaped like, or resembling in form, the letter T.

Tee (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Teed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Teeing.] (Golf) To place (the ball) on a tee.

Teeing ground. (Golf) The space from within which the ball must be struck in beginning the play for each hole.

Tees"wa`ter (?), n. [From the river Tees, northern England.] 1. A breed of cattle formerly bred in England, but supposed to have originated in Holland and to have been the principal stock from which the shorthorns were derived.

2. An old English breed of sheep allied to the Leicester.

Tee-to"-tum (?), n. [Cf. Teetotaler.] A workingmen's resort conducted under religious influences as a counteractant to the drinking saloon. [Colloq. or Cant]

Tel*au"to*gram (?), n. A message transmitted and recorded by a teleautograph.

Tel*au"to*graph (?), n. [Gr. th^le far + autograph.] A facsimile telegraph for reproducing writing, pictures, maps, etc. In the transmitter the motions of the pencil are communicated by levers to two rotary shafts, by which variations in current are produced in two separate circuits. In the receiver these variations are utilized by electromagnetic devices and levers to move a pen as the pencil moves. -- Tel`au*tog"ra*phist (#), n.

Tel`e*chi"ro*graph (?), n. [Gr. th^le far + chei`r, cheiro`s, hand + -graph.] An instrument for telegraphically transmitting and receiving handwritten messages, as photographically by a beam of light from a mirror.

Te*le"ga (?), n. [Russ. telyega.] A rude four-wheeled, springless wagon, used among the Russians.

Te*leg"o*ny (?), n. [Gr. th^le far + root of Gr. &?; to be born.] (Biol.) The supposed influence of a father upon offspring subsequent to his own, begotten of the same mother by another father. -- Te*leg"o*nous (#), a.

Te*leg"ra*phone (?), n. [Gr. th^le far + -graph + &?; sound.] An instrument for recording and reproducing sound by local magnetization of a steel wire, disk, or ribbon, moved against the pole of a magnet connected electrically with a telephone receiver, or the like.

Tel`e*graph"o*scope (?), n. [Gr. th^le far + -graph + -scope.] An instrument for telegraphically transmitting a picture and reproducing its image as a positive or negative. The transmitter includes a camera obscura and a row of minute selenium cells. The receiver includes an oscillograph, ralay, equilibrator, and an induction coil the sparks from which perforate a paper with tiny holes that form the image.

Telegraph plant. An East Indian tick trefoil (Meibomia gyrans), whose lateral leaflets jerk up and down like the arms of a semaphore, and also rotate on their axes.

Tel`e*hy`dro*ba*rom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. th^le far + hydrobarometer.] An instrument for indicating the level of water in a distant tank or reservior.

Tel`e-i*con"o*graph (?), n. [Gr. th^le far + iconograph.] 1. An instrument essentially the same as the telemetrograph.

2. A form of facsimile telegraph.

Tel`-el-A*mar"na (?), n. [Ar., hill of Amarna.] A station on the Nile, midway between Thebes and Memphis, forming the site of the capital of Amenophis IV., whose archive chamber was discovered there in 1887. A collection of tablets (called the Tel-el-Amarna, or the Amarna, tablets) was found here, forming the Asiatic correspondence (Tel-el-Amarna letters) of Amenophis IV. and his father, Amenophis III., written in cuneiform characters. It is an important source of our knowledge of Asia from about 1400 to 1370 b. c..

Tel`e*lec"tric (?), a. [Gr. th^le far + electric.] (Elec.) Of or pertaining to transmission, as of music, to a distance by electricity.

Tel`e*lec"tro*scope (?), n. [Gr. th^le far + electro- + -scope.] Any apparatus for making distant objects visible by the aid of electric transmission.

Tel`e*me*chan"ic (?), a. [Gr. th^le far + mechanic.] Designating, or pert. to, any device for operating mechanisms at a distance. -- Tel`e*mech"a*nism (#), n.

<! p. 2017 !>

Tel`e*me`te*or"o*graph (?), n. [Gr. th^le far + meteorograph.] Any apparatus recording meteorological phenomena at a distance from the measuring apparatus, as by electricity or by compressed air; esp., an apparatus recording conditions at many distant stations at a central office. -- Tel`e*me`te*or*o*graph"ic (#), a.

Te*lem"e*ter, n. An apparatus for recording at a distant station the indications of physical instruments such as the thermometer, galvanometer, etc.

Tel`e*met"ro*graph (?), n. [Gr. th^le far + me`tron measure + -graph.] A combination of the camera lucida and telescope for drawing and measuring distant objects. -- Tel`e*me*trog"ra*phy (#), n. -- Tel`e*met`ro*graph"ic (#), a.

Tel`e*mo"tor (?), n. [Gr. th^le far + motor.] (Naut.) A hydraulic device by which the movement of the wheel on the bridge operates the steering gear at the stern.

Tel*en"er*gy (?), n. [Gr. th^le far + energy.] Display of force or energy at a distance, or without contact; -- applied to mediumistic phenomena. -- Tel`en*er"gic (#), a.

Te*len"gi*scope (?), n. [Gr. th^le far + &?; near + -scope.] (Optics) An instrument of such focal length that it may be used as an observing telescope for objects close at hand or as a long-focused microscope.

Tel`e*phone ex*change". A central office in which the wires of telephones may be connected to permit conversation.

Tel"e*phote (?), n. [Gr. th^le far + fw^s, fwto`s, light.] A telelectric apparatus for producing images of visible objects at a distance.

Tel`e*pho"to (?), a. Telephotographic; specif., designating a lens consisting of a combination of lenses specially designed to give a large image of a distant object in a camera of relatively short focal length.

Tel`e*pho"to*graph (?), n. [Gr. th^le far + photograph.] A photograph, image, or impression, reproduced by or taken with a telephotographic apparatus.

Tel`e*pho`to*graph"ic (?), a. Designating, or pertaining to, the process of telephotography.

Tel`e*pho*tog"ra*phy (?), n. 1. The photography of distant objects in more enlarged form than is possible by the ordinary means, usually by a camera provided with a telephoto lens or mounted in place of the eyepiece of a telescope, so that the real or a magnified image falls on the sensitive plate.

2. Art or process of electrically transmitting and reproducing photographic or other pictures at a distance by methods similar to those used in electric telegraphy.

3. Less properly, phototelegraphy.

Tel"e*scope (tl"*skp), a. Capable of being extended or compacted, like a telescope, by the sliding of joints or parts one within the other; telescopic; as, a telescope bag; telescope table, etc.

Telescope bag. An adjustable traveling bag consisting of two cases, the larger slipping over the other.

Tel`e*scop"ic sight`. A sight consisting of a small telescope, as on a compass or rifle.

Tel"e*seism (?), n. [Gr. th^le far + &?; shock.] A seismic movement or shock far from the recording instrument. -- Tel`e*seis"mic (#), a.

Tel"e*seme (?), n. [Gr. th^le far + &?; sign.] A system of apparatus for electric signals providing for automatic transmission of a definite number of different signals or calls, as in connection with hotel annunciators.

Tel`e*ste"re*o*graph` (?), n. [Gr. th^le far + stereograph.] An instrument for telegraphically reproducing a photograph. -- Tel`e*ste`re*og"ra*phy (#), n.

Tel`e*ther"mo*graph (?), n. [Gr. th^le far + thermo- + -graph.] (Physics) (a) A record of fluctuations of temperature made automatically at a distant station. (b) An instrument, usually electrical, making such records.

Tel"ford (?), a. [After Thomas Telford, a Scotch road engineer.] Designating, or pert. to, a road pavement having a surface of small stone rolled hard and smooth, distinguished from macadam road by its firm foundation of large stones with fragments of stone wedged tightly, in the interstices; as, telford pavement, road, etc.

Tel"ford*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Telfordized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Telfordizing (?).] To furnish (a road) with a telford pavement.

Tel`har*mon"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to telharmonium.

Tel`har*mo"ni*um (?), n. [Gr. th^le far + harmolium.] An instrument for producing music (Tel*har"mo*ny [&?;]), at a distant point or points by means of alternating currents of electricity controlled by an operator who plays on a keyboard. The music is produced by a receiving instrument similar or analogous to the telephone, but not held to the ear. The pitch corresponds with frequency of alternation of current.

Tell"tale`, n. 1. A thing that serves to disclose something or give information; a hint or indication.

It supplies many useful links and telltales.

Saintsbury.

2. (Railroads) An arrangement consisting of long strips, as of rope, wire, or leather, hanging from a bar over railroad tracks, in such a position as to warn freight brakemen of their approach to a low overhead bridge.

Tel"pher (?), n. (Elec.) Specif., the equipment or apparatus used in a system of electric transportation by means of carriages which are suspended on an overhead conductor, as of wire.

Tel"pher*age (?), n. (Elec.) Specif., electric transportation of goods by means of carriages suspended on overhead conductors, as of wire, the power being conveyed to the motor carriage by the wires on which it runs. Telpherage and telpher are sometimes applied to such systems in which the motive power is not electricity.

||Tem*blor" (?), n. [Sp.] An earthquake. [Western U. S.]

||Tem"pe*ra (?), n. [It.] (Paint.) A mode or process of painting; distemper.

Tem"per*a*ture, n. (Physiol. & Med.) The degree of heat of the body of a living being, esp. of the human body; also (Colloq.), loosely, the excess of this over the normal (of the human body 98°-99.5° F., in the mouth of an adult about 98.4°).

Tem"per screw. 1. A screw link, to which is attached the rope of a rope-drilling apparatus, for feeding and slightly turning the drill jar at each stroke.

2. A set screw used for adjusting.

Tem"ple, n. 1. (Mormon Ch.) A building dedicated to the administration of ordinances.

2. A local organization of Odd Fellows.

Ten"der*foot`, n. See Boy scout.

Ten"der*loin` (?), n. 1. A strip of tender flesh on either side of the vertebral column under the short ribs, in beef or pork. It consists of the psoas muscles.

2. In New York City, the region which is the center of the night life of fashionable amusement, including the majority of the theaters, etc., centering on Broadway. The term orig. designates the old twenty-ninth police precinct, in this region, which afforded the police great opportunities for profit through conniving at vice and lawbreaking, one captain being reported to have said on being transferred there that whereas he had been eating chuck steak he would now eat tenderlion. Hence, in some other cities, a district largely devoted to night amusement, or, sometimes, to vice.

||Ten"dre (?), n. [F.] Tender feeling or fondness; affection.

You poor friendless creatures are always having some foolish tendre.

Thackeray.

Ten*dresse" (?), n. [F.] Tender feeling; fondness. [Obs., except as a French word]

||Ten*no" (?), n. [Jap. tenn, fr. Chin. t'ien heaven + wang king.] Lit., King of Heaven; -- a title of the emperor of Japan as the head of the Shinto religion.

Ten`ny*so"ni*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Alfred (Lord) Tennyson, the English poet (1809-92); resembling, or having some of the characteristics of, his poetry, as simplicity, pictorial quality, sensuousness, etc.

||Ten`o*ni"tis (?), n. [NL., Gr. te`nwn tendon + -itis.] (Med.) Inflammation of a tendon.

||Ten`o*ni"tis, n. [NL. See Tenonian, -itis.] Inflammation of the Tenonian capsule.

Te*nor"rha*phy (?), n. [Gr. te`nwn tendon + -rhaphy.] (Surg.) Suture of a tendon.

||Ten`o*si"tis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. te`nwn tendon + -itis.] (Med.) Inflammation of a tendon.

||Ten`o*syn`o*vi"tis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. te`nwn tendon + synovitis.] (Med.) Inflammation of the synovial sheath of a tendon.

Ter"ek (?), n. [Because found on the Terek River in the Caucasus.] A sandpiper (Terekia cinerea) of the Old World, breeding in the far north of eastern Europe and Asia and migrating to South Africa and Australia. It frequents rivers.

Term day. A day which is a term (as for payment of rent), or is a day in a term, as of the sitting of a court; esp., one of a series of special days, designated by scientists of different nations or stations, for making synoptic magnetic, meteorological, or other physical observations.

Ter"mi*nal (?), a. (Railroads) Pertaining to a railroad terminal; connected with the receipt or delivery of freight; as, terminal charges.

Ter"mi*nal, n. (Railroads) (a) The end of a line of railroad, with the switches, stations, sheds, and other appliances pertaining thereto. (b) Any station for the delivery or receipt of freight lying too far from the main line to be served by mere sidings. (c) A rate charged on all freight, independent of the distance, and supposed to cover the expenses of station service, as distinct from mileage rate, generally proportionate to the distance and intended to cover movement expenses; a terminal charge. (d) A town lying at the end of a railroad; -- more properly called a terminus.

Term insurance. Insurance for a specified term providing for no payment to the insured except upon losses during the term, and becoming void upon its expiration.

Term policy. A policy of term insurance.

||Ter"ra in*cog"ni*ta (?). [L.] An unknown land; unexplored country.

The enormous tracts lying outside China proper, still almost terræ incognitæ.

A. R. Colquhoun.

Ter"rane, n. (Geog.) A region or limited area considered with reference to some special feature; as, the terrane of a river, that is, its drainage basin.