Chapter 25

Home, n. In various games, the ultimate point aimed at in a progress; goal; as: (a) (Baseball) The plate at which the batter stands. (b) (Lacrosse) The place of a player in front of an opponent's goal; also, the player.

Hom"ing (?), p.a. Home- returning.

Homing pigeon, a pigeon trained to return home from a distance. Homing pigeons are used for sending back messages or for flying races. By carrying the birds away and releasing them at gradually increasing distances from home, they may be trained to return with more or less certainty and promptness from distances up to four or five hundred miles. If the distance is increased much beyond this, the birds are unable to cover it without stopping for a prolonged rest, and their return becomes doubtful. Homing pigeons are not bred for fancy points or special colors, but for strength, speed, endurance, and intelligence or homing instinct.

Hone (?), v. i. [Cf. F. honger to grumble.] To grumble; pine; lament; long. [Dial.Eng. & Southern U. S.]

Hon"ey*ber`ry (?), n.; pl. - berries. The fruit of either of two trees having sweetish berries: (a) An Old World hackberry (Celtis australis). (b) In the West Indies, the genip (Melicocca bijuga).

||Hon"véd (?), n. [Hung. honvd; hon home + vd defense.] 1. The Hungarian army in the revolutionary war of 1848-49.

2. = Honvédség.

||Hon"véd*ség` (?), n. [Hung. honvdsg; honvd + sg, an abstract or collective suffix.] (Hungary) See Army organization, above.

Hoo"doo, v. t. To be a hoodoo to; to bring bad luck to by occult influence; to bewitch. [Colloq., U. S.]

Hoo"doo, n. A natural rock pile or pinnacle of fantastic shape. [Western U. S.]

Hoof, n. -- On the hoof, of cattle, standing (on the hoof); not slaughtered.

Hook, n. (Geog.) A spit or narrow cape of sand or gravel turned landward at the outer end; as, Sandy Hook.

Hook, v. i. To move or go with a sudden turn; hence [Slang or Prov. Eng.], to make off; to clear out; -- often with it. "Duncan was wounded, and the escort hooked it." Kipling.

Hook"y (?), n. [Written also hookey.] [Cf. Hook, v. t., 3.] A word used only in the expression to play hooky, to run away, to play truant.

This talk about boys . . . playing ball, and "hooky," and marbles, was all moonshine.

F. Hopkinson Smith.

Hoo"sier State. Indiana; -- a nickname of obscure origin.

Hop"per*doz`er (?), n. [Hopper (as in grasshopper) + doze or dose; because conceived as putting insects to sleep or as dosing them with poison.] (Agric.) An appliance for the destruction of insects, consisting of a shallow iron box, containing kerosene or coated with tar or other sticky substance, which may be mounted on wheels.

Hor"mone (hôr"mn), n. [From Gr. "orma`ein to excite.] (Physiol. Chem.) A chemical substance formed in one organ and carried in the circulation to another organ on which it exerts a stimulating effect; thus, according to Starling, the gastric glands are stimulated by a hormone from the pyloric mucous membrane.

||Hors` d'œuvre" (?); pl. Hors d'œuveres (#). [F., lit., outside of work.] 1. Something unusual or extraordinary. [R.]

2. A dish served as a relish, usually at the beginning of a meal.

Horse, n. (Student Slang) (a) A translation or other illegitimate aid in study or examination; -- called also trot, pony, Dobbin. (b) Horseplay; tomfoolery.

Horse"less, a. Being without a horse; specif., not requiring a horse; -- said of certain vehicles in which horse power has been replaced by electricity, steam, etc.; as, a horseless carriage or truck.

Host, n. (Biol.) Any animal or plant affording lodgment or subsistence to a parasitic or commensal organism. Thus a tree is a host of an air plant growing upon it.

Host plant. (Agric.) A plant which aids, shelters, or protects another plant in its growth, as those which are used for nurse crops.

{Hot bulb, Hot pot}. (Internal-combustion Engines) See Semi-diesel, below.

Hotch"kiss gun (?) [After Benjamin B. Hotchkiss (1826-85), American inventor.] A built-up, rifled, rapid-fire gun of oil-tempered steel, having a rectangular breechblock which moves horizontally or vertically in a mortise cut completely through the jacket. It is made in France.

Hot"-short`, a. [Cf. Cold-short.] (Metal.) Brittle when heated, esp. beyond a red heat; as, hot-short iron.

||Hous*to"ni*a (?), n. [NL. So named after Dr. William Houston, an English surgeon and botanist.] (Bot.) A genus of small rubiaceous herbs, having tetramerous salveform blue or white flower. There are about twenty species, natives of North America. Also, a plant of this genus.

Hsien (?), n. [Chin.] An administrative subdivision of a fu, or department, or of an independent chow; also, the seat of government of such a district.

||Hua*ra"cho (?), n.; pl. Huarachos (#). [Amer. Sp., also guaracha, guarache, huarache, prob. of Mexican origin.] A kind of sandal worn by Indians and the lower classes generally; -- usually used in pl. [Southern U. S. & Mex.]

Hump (?), v. t. 1. To form into a hump; to make hump-shaped; to hunch; -- often with up.

The cattle were very uncomfortable, standing humped up in the bushes.

T. Roosvelt.

2. To put or carry on the (humped) back; to shoulder; hence, to carry, in general. [Slang, Australia]

Having collected a sufficient quantity, we humped it out of the bush.

C. L. Money.

3. To bend or gather together for strenuous effort, as in running; to do or effect by such effort; to exert; -- usually reflexively or with it; as, you must hump yourself. [Slang, U. S.]

A half dozen other negroes, some limping and all scared, were humping it across a meadow.

McClure's Mag.

Hump"backed` salm"on. A small salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) which ascends the rivers of the Pacific coast from California to Alaska, and also on the Asiatic side. In the breeding season the male has a large dorsal hump and distorted jaws.

Hum"strum` (?), n. An instrument out of tune or rudely constructed; music badly played.

Hunch, n. A strong, intuitive impression that something will happen; -- said to be from the gambler's superstition that it brings luck to touch the hump of a hunchback. [Colloq. or Slang]

Hun"kers (?), n. pl. [See Hunker.] In the phrase on one's hunkers, in a squatting or crouching position. [Scot. & Local, U. S.]

Sit on your hunkers -- and pray for the bridge.

Kipling.

Hunk"y (?), a. [Perh. fr. Hunk.] All right; in a good condition; also, even; square. [Slang, U. S.]

He . . . began to shoot; began to get "hunky" with all those people who had been plugging at him.

Stephen Crane.

Hunt, v. i. 1. (Mach.) To be in a state of instability of movement or forced oscillation, as a governor which has a large movement of the balls for small change of load, an arc-lamp clutch mechanism which moves rapidly up and down with variations of current, or the like; also, to seesaw, as a pair of alternators working in parallel.

2. (Change Ringing) To shift up and down in order regularly.

Hunt, v. t. (Change Ringing) To move or shift the order of (a bell) in a regular course of changes.

Hus"ky (?), a. Powerful; strong; burly. [Colloq., U. S.]

A good, husky man to pitch in the barnyard.

Hamlin Garland.

Hus"ky (?), n.; pl. - kies (#). [Cf. Eskimo.] 1. An Eskimo; also, an Eskimo dog.

2. The Eskimo language.

Hut"ton*ing (?), n. [So named after two English bonesetters, Richard and Robert Hutton, who made it a part of their method.] (Med.) Forcible manipulation of a dislocated, stiff, or painful joint.

Hy"brid (?), n. (Philol.) A word composed of elements which belong to different languages.

Hy"brid*ize (?), v. i. (Biol.) To produce hybrid offspring; to interbreed; to cross.

Hy"dro (?), n. A hydro- aëroplane.

Hy"dro-a"ër*o*plane`. (Aëronautics) An aëroplane with a boatlike or other understructure that enables it to travel on, or to rise from the surface of, a body of water by its own motive power.

Hy"dro*bi"plane, n. A hydro- aëroplane having two supporting planes.

Hy*drol"y*sis (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + -lysis.] (Chem.) A chemical process involving the addition of the elements of water.

Hy"dro*plane (?), n. [Pref. hydro- , 1 + plane.] 1. A plane, or any of a number of planes, projecting from the hull of a submarine boat, which by being elevated or depressed cause the boat, when going ahead, to sink or rise, after the manner of an aëroplane.

2. A projecting plane or fin on a gliding boat to lift the moving boat on top of the water; also, a gliding boat.

Hy"dro*plane, v. i. Of a boat, to plane (see Plane, below).

Hy`dro*pneu*mat"ic gun carriage. (Ordnance) A disappearing gun carriage in which the recoil is checked by cylinders containing liquid and air, the air when compressed furnishing the power for restoring the gun to the firing position. It is used with some English and European heavy guns.

Hy"dro*sphere (?), n. [Pref. hydro- , 1 + sphere.] 1. (Meteor.) The aqueous vapor of the entire atmosphere.

2. (Phys. Geog.) The aqueous envelope of the earth, including the ocean, all lakes, streams, and underground waters, and the aqueous vapor in the atmosphere.

Hy"dro*stat, n. A device, usually electrical, for indicating or regulating the height of water in a reservoir or receptacle.

Hy`dro*ther`a*peu"tics (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + therapeutics.] (Med.) A system of treating disease by baths and mineral waters.

Hy*drot"ro*pism, n. (Bot.) In a broader sense, any curvature or turning induced in certain growing plant organs under the influence of moisture.

When the movement is toward the moisture, as is the case in most roots, the phenomenon is called positive hydrotropism; when away from the moisture, as in the case of hyphae of certain fungi, negative hydrotropism.

Hy`e*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?; + rain -logy.] The science which treats of the precipitation of rain, snow, etc. -- Hy`e*to*log"ic*al (&?;), a.

Hyk"sos (?), n. [Gr. &?;, fr. Egypt. hikshasu chiefs of the Bedouins, shepherds.] A dynasty of Egyptian kings, often called the Shepherd kings, of foreign origin, who, according to the narrative of Manetho, ruled for about 500 years, forming the XVth and XVIth dynasties. It is now considered that the XVIth is merely a double of the XVth dynasty, and that the total period of the six Hyksos kings was little more than 100 years. It is supposed that they were Asiatic Semites.

Hyp`al*le"lo*morph, n. See Allelomorph.

Hyp"no*scope (?), n. [Gr. &?; + - scope.] (Physiol.) An instrument for ascertaining the susceptibility of a person to hypnotic influences.

||Hyp*no"sis, n. The condition of being hypnotized.

Hys`ter*et"ic (?), a. (Elec.) Of or pert. to hysteresis. -- Hysteretic constant, the hysteretic loss in ergs per cubic centimeter per cycle.

I.

Ib"sen*ism (?), n. The dramatic practice or purpose characteristic of the writings of Henrik Ibsen (1828-1906), Norwegian poet and dramatist, whose best-known plays deal with conventional hypocrisies, the story in each play thus developing a definite moral problem.

Ich"thy*ol (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, a fish + (prob.) L. oleum oil; but cf. Ichthyolite.] (Chem.) An oily substance prepared by the dry distillation of a bituminous mineral containing fossil fishes. It is used in medicine as a remedy in some forms of skin diseases.

I"con, n. (Gr. Ch.) A sacred picture representing the Virgin Mary, Christ, a saint, or a martyr, and having the same function as an image of such a person in the Latin Church.

I*con"o*graph (?), n. [See Iconography.] An engraving or other picture or illustration for a book.

I`co*no*ma"ni*a (?), n. [NL. See Icon, and Mania.] A mania or infatuation for icons, whether as objects of devotion, bric-a-brac, or curios.

I*de"al*ism, n. The practice or habit of giving or attributing ideal form or character to things; treatment of things in art or literature according to ideal standards or patterns; -- opposed to realism.

{ I*den"tic, I*den"tic*al }, a. In diplomacy (esp. in the form identic), precisely agreeing in sentiment or opinion and form or manner of expression; -- applied to concerted action or language which is used by two or more governments in treating with another government.

I"do ("d), n. An artificial international language, selected by the "Delegation for the Adoption of an Auxillary International Language" (founded at Paris in 1901), made public in 1907, and subsequently greatly revised and extended by a permanent committee or "Academy." It combines systematically the advantages of previous schemes with a thoroughly logical word formation, and has neither accented constants nor arbitrarily coined pronominal words. For each idea that root is selected which is already most international, on the principle of the "greatest facility for the greatest number of people." The word "Ido" means in the language itself "offspring." The official name is: "Linguo Internaciona di la Delegitaro (Sistema Ido)." -- I"dism (#), n. -- I"dist (#), n.

||I*do"lum (?), ||I*do"lon (&?;), n.; pl. Idola (#). [L. See Idol; cf. Eidolon.] Appearance or image; a phantasm; a spectral image; also, a mental image or idea.

IHVH. [Written also JHVH, YHVH.] A transliteration of the four constants forming the Hebrew tetragrammaton or "incommunicable name" of the Supreme Being, which in latter Jewish tradition is not pronounced save with the vowels of adonai or elohim, so that the true pronunciation is lost.

Numerous attempts have been made to represent the supposed original form of the word, as Jahaveh, Jahvaj, Jahve, Jahveh, Yahve, Yahveh, Yahwe, Yahweh, etc.

Im*mune" (?), n. One who is immune; esp., a person who is immune from a disease by reason of previous affection with the disease or inoculation.

Im*mun"i*ty, n. The state of being insusceptible to poison, the contagion of disease, etc.

||Im`passe" (N`päs"; E. m*ps"), n. [F.] An impassable road or way; a blind alley; cul-de-sac; fig., a position or predicament affording no escape.

The issue from the present impasse will, in all probability, proceed from below, not from above.

Arnold White.

Im*ped"ance (?), n. [Impede + -ance.] (Elec.) The apparent resistance in an electric circuit to the flow of an alternating current, analogous to the actual electrical resistance to a direct current, being the ratio of electromotive force to the current. It is equal to R2 + X2, where R = ohmic resistance, X = reactance. For an inductive circuit, X = 2πfL, where f = frequency and L = self-inductance; for a circuit with capacity X = 1 ÷ 2πfC, where C = capacity.

||Im*ped`i*men"ta (?), n. pl. [L. See Impediment, Impede.] Things which impede or hinder progress; incumbrances; baggage; specif. (Mil.), the supply trains which must accompany an army.

On the plains they will have horses dragging travoises, dogs with travoises, women and children loaded with impedimenta.

Julian Ralph.

Im*pe"ri*al, n. A game at cards differing from piquet in some minor details, and in having a trump; also, any one of several combinations of cards which score in this game.

Im*pe"ri*al*ism, n. The policy, practice, or advocacy of seeking, or acquiescing in, the extension of the control, dominion, or empire of a nation, as by the acquirement of new, esp. distant, territory or dependencies, or by the closer union of parts more or less independent of each other for operations of war, copyright, internal commerce, etc.

The tide of English opinion began to turn about 1870, and since then it has run with increasing force in the direction of what is called imperialism.

James Bryce.

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||Im*pe"ri*um (?), n.; pl. Imperia (#). [L. See Empire.] 1. Supreme power; absolute dominion; empire.

2. (Law) The right to command, which includes the right to employ the force of the state to enforce the laws. It is one of the principal attributes of the executive power.

||Im"pi (m"p), n. [Zulu.] A body of Kaffir warriors; a body of native armed men. [South Africa]

As early as 1862 he crossed assagais with and defeated a Matabili impi (war band).

James Bryce.

In*au`gu*ra"tion Day. The day on which the President of the United States is inaugurated, the 4th of March in every year next after a year divisible by four.

||In`croy`a"ble (?), n. [F., lit., incredible.] A French fop or dandy of the time of the Directory; hence, any fop.

The name is said to have been given in allusion not only to the extravagant dress, but also to the frequent use of the phrase "C'est vraiment incroyable" (That is really incredible.).

In"cu*ba`tor (?), n. 1. A contrivance for the cultivation of microörganisms by maintaining a suitable temperature.

2. (Med.) An apparatus for rearing prematurely born babies.

In`de*pend"ence Day. In the United States, a holiday, the 4th of July, commemorating the adoption of the Declaration of Independence on that day in 1776.

In"dex, n. The ratio, or formula expressing the ratio, of one dimension of a thing to another dimension; as, the vertical index of the cranium.

In"di*a steel. Same as Wootz.

In`di*vid"u*al*ism, n. The principle, policy, or practice of maintaining individuality, or independence of the individual, in action; the theory or practice of maintaining the independence of individual initiative, action, and interests, as in industrial organization or in government.

In`do-Ar"yan, a. Pert. to the Indo- Aryans, or designating, or of, the Aryan languages of India.

In`do-Ar"yan, n. A member of one of the native races of India of Aryan speech and blood, characterized by tall stature, dolichocephaly, fair complexion with dark hair and eyes, plentiful beard, and narrow and prominent nose.

In`do-Chi*nese", a. 1. Of or pertaining to Indo-China.

2. Of or pert. to the Mongoloid races of India, esp. Farther India, or designating, or of, their languages.

Tradition and comparative philology agree in pointing to northwestern China, between the upper courses of the Yang-tsekiang and of the Ho-ang-ho, as the original home of the Indo-Chinese race.

Census of India, 1901.

In`do-do-Chinese languages. A family of languages, mostly of the isolating type, although some are agglutinative, spoken in the great area extending from northern India in the west to Formosa in the east and from Central Asia in the north to the Malay Peninsula in the south.

In`do-Eu`ro*pe"an. A member of one of the Caucasian races of Europe or India speaking an Indo-European language.

Professor Otto Schrader . . . considers that the oldest probable domicile of the Indo-Europeans is to be sought for on the common borderland of Asia and of Europe, -- in the steppe country of southern Russia.

Census of India, 1901.

In`do*ne"sian (?), a. [Indo- + Gr. &?; island.] Of or pertaining to Indonesia or Indonesians.

In`do*ne"sian, n. A member of a race forming the chief pre-Malay population of the Malay Archipelago, and probably sprung from a mixture of Polynesian and Mongoloid immigrants. According to Keane, the autochthonous Negritos were largely expelled by the Caucasian Polynesians, themselves followed by Mongoloid peoples of Indo-Chinese affinities, from mixture with whom sprang the Indonesian race.

The term Indonesian, introduced by Logan to designate the light-colored non-Malay inhabitants of the Eastern Archipelago, is now used as a convenient collective name for all the peoples of Malaysia and Polynesia who are neither Malay nor Papuans, but of Caucasic type. . . . The true Indonesians are of tall stature (5 ft. 10 in.), muscular frame, rather oval features, high, open forehead, large straight or curved nose, large full eyes always horizontal and with no trace of the third lid, light brown complexion (cinnamon or ruddy brown), long black hair, not lank but often slightly curled or wavy, skull generally brachycephalous like that of the melanochroic European.

A. H. Keane.

The Indonesians [of the Philippines], with the tribal population of some 251, 200, live almost exclusively on the great island of Mindanao. They are not only physically superior to the Negritos, but to the peoples of the Malayan race as well, and are, as a rule, quite intelligent.

Rep. Phil. Com. , 1902.

In*duced" cur"rent. (Elec.) A current due to variation in the magnetic field surrounding its conductor.

In*duc"tance (?), n. (Elec.) Capacity for induction; the coefficient of self- induction.

The unit of inductance is the henry.

In*duc"tance coil. (Elec.) A choking coil.

In*duc"tion gen"er*a`tor. A machine built as an induction motor and driven above synchronous speed, thus acting as an alternating-current generator; -- called also asynchronous generator. Below synchronism the machine takes in electrical energy and acts as an induction motor; at synchronism the power component of current becomes zero and changes sign, so that above synchronism the machine (driven for this purpose by mechanical power) gives out electrical energy as a generator.

Induction motor. (Elec.) A type of alternating-current motor comprising two wound members, one stationary, called the stator, and the other rotating, called the rotor, these two members corresponding to a certain extent to the field and armature of a direct-current motor.

In*ed"i*ble (?), a. [LL. inedibilis. See In- not, and Edible.] Not edible; not fit for food. -- In*ed`i*bil"i*ty (#), n.

In"fan*tile pa*ral"y*sis. (Med.) An acute disease, almost exclusively infantile, characterized by inflammation of the anterior horns of the gray substance of the spinal cord. It is attended with febrile symptoms, motor paralysis, and muscular atrophy, often producing permanent deformities. Called also acute anterior poliomyelitis.

In*farct" (?), n. [See Infarce.] (Med.) (a) An obstruction or embolus. (b) The morbid condition of a limited area resulting from such obstruction; as, a hemorrhagic infarct.

In*fec"tious dis*ease". (a) Any disease caused by the entrance, growth, and multiplication of bacteria or protozoans in the body; a germ disease. It may not be contagious. (b) Sometimes, as distinguished from contagious disease, such a disease communicated by germs carried in the air or water, and thus spread without contact with the patient, as measles.

In*fer"no (?), n. [It. See Infernal.] The infernal regions; hell. Also used fig.

At each sudden explosion in the inferno below they sprang back from the brink [of the volcanic crater].

D. C. Worcester.

In`fra-red" (?), a. [Infra- + red.] (Physics) Lying outside the visible spectrum at its red end; -- said of rays less refrangible than the extreme red rays.

||In`gé`nue" (N`zh`n"), n.; pl. -nues (#). [F., fem. of ingénu ingenious.] An ingenuous or naïve girl or young woman, or an actress representing such a person.

In"got steel. Steel cast in ingots from the Bessemer converter or open-hearth furnace.

In*i"ti*a*tive (?), n. (Political Science) The right or procedure by which legislation may be introduced or enacted directly by the people, as in the Swiss Confederation and in many of the States of the United States; -- chiefly used with the. The procedure of the initiative is essentially as follows: Upon the filing of a petition signed by a required number or percentage of qualified voters the desired measure must be submitted to a popular vote, and upon receiving the required majority (commonly a majority of those voting on the measure submitted) it becomes a law. In some States of the United States the initiative is only local; in others it is state-wide and includes the making of constitutional amendments.

In"pa`tient (?), n. A patient who receives lodging and food, as well as treatment, in a hospital or an infirmary; -- distinguished from outpatient.