Chapter 24

Gro*tesqu"er*y (?), n. [Written also grotesquerie.] [From Grotesque.] Grotesque action, speech, or manners; grotesque doings. "The sustained grotesquery of Feather-top." K. L. Bates.

Vileness, on the other hand, becomes grotesquerie, wonderfully converted into a subject of laughter.

George Gissing.

Grun"dy*ism (?), n. Narrow and unintelligent conventionalism. -- Grun"dy*ist, n.

Guai"a*col (?), n. [Guaiacum + -ol.] (Chem.) A colorless liquid, C7H8O2, with a peculiar odor. It is the methyl ether of pyrocatechin, and is obtained by distilling guaiacum from wood-tar creosote, and in other ways. It has been used in treating pulmonary tuberculosis.

Guest, n. (Zoöl.) (a) Any insect that lives in the nest of another without compulsion and usually not as a parasite. (b) An inquiline.

Guide rope. (Aëronautics) A rope hung from a balloon or dirigible so as trail along the ground for about half its length, used to preserve altitude automatically, by variation of the length dragging on the ground, without loss of ballast or gas.

||Guil`loche" (?), n. In ornamental art, any pattern made by interlacing curved lines.

||Guimpe (?), n. [F. See 2d Gimp.] A kind of short chemisette, worn with a low-necked dress.

Guin"ea-pig` di*rec"tor. A director (usually one holding a number of directorships) who serves merely or mainly for the fee (in England, often a guinea) paid for attendance. [Colloq.]

Gut"ter*snipe" (?), n. (Slang) (a) A small poster, suitable for a curbstone. (b) A curbstone broker. [U. S.]

{Gyp"sy, or Gip"sy, moth }. A tussock moth (Ocneria dispar) native of the Old World, but accidentally introduced into eastern Massachusetts about 1869, where its caterpillars have done great damage to fruit, shade, and forest trees of many kinds. The male gypsy moth is yellowish brown, the female white, and larger than the male. In both sexes the wings are marked by dark lines and a dark lunule. The caterpillars, when full-grown, have a grayish mottled appearance, with blue tubercles on the anterior and red tubercles on the posterior part of the body, all giving rise to long yellow and black hairs. They usually pupate in July and the moth appears in August. The eggs are laid on tree trunks, rocks, etc., and hatch in the spring.

H.

Hack, v. i. To ride or drive as one does with a hack horse; to ride at an ordinary pace, or over the roads, as distinguished from riding across country or in military fashion.

Hack, v. t. (Football) To kick the shins of (an opposing payer).

Hack, n. (Football) A kick on the shins, or a cut from a kick.

Hade, n. (Geol. & Mining) The deviation of a fault plane from the vertical.

The direction of the hade is the direction toward which the fault plane descends from an intersecting vertical line.

||Hæm`a*tol"y*sis (?), n. [NL.; hæmato- + Gr. &?; a loosing, dissolving, fr. &?; to loose, dissolve.] (Physiol.) Dissolution of the red blood corpuscles with diminished coagulability of the blood; hæmolysis. -- Hæm`a*to*lyt"ic (#), a.

Hæ"mol (?), n. [Gr. &?; blood.] (Chem.) A dark brown powder containing iron, prepared by the action of zinc dust as a reducing agent upon the coloring matter of the blood, used medicinally as a hematinic.

||Hæ*mol"y*sis (?), n., Hæm`*lyt"ic (&?;), a. (Physiol.) Same as Hæmatolysis, Hæmatolytic.

Hague Tribunal (?). The permanent court of arbitration created by the "International Convention for the Pacific Settle of International Disputes.", adopted by the International Peace Conference of 1899. It is composed of persons of known competency in questions of international law, nominated by the signatory powers. From these persons an arbitration tribunal is chosen by the parties to a difference submitted to the court. On the failure of the parties to agree directly on the arbitrators, each chooses two arbitrators, an umpire is selected by them, by a third power, or by two powers selected by the parties.

Hai"kwan" (?), n. [Chin. 'hai- kuan.] Chinese maritime customs.

Haikwan tael. A Chinese weight ( catty) equivalent to 1 oz. or 37.801 g.

Half nelson. (Wrestling) A hold in which one arm is thrust under the corresponding arm of the opponent, generally behind, and the hand placed upon the back of his neck. In the full nelson both hands are so placed.

{ Half tone, or Half"-tone` }, n. 1. (Fine Arts) (a) An intermediate or middle tone in a painting, engraving, photograph, etc.; a middle tint, neither very dark nor very light. (b) A half-tone photo- engraving.

2. (Music) A half step.

Half"-tone` (?), a. Having, consisting of, or pertaining to, half tones; specif. (Photo- engraving), pertaining to or designating plates, processes, or the pictures made by them, in which gradation of tone in the photograph is reproduced by a graduated system of dotted and checkered spots, usually nearly invisible to the unaided eye, produced by the interposition between the camera and the object of a screen. The name alludes to the fact that this process was the first that was practically successful in reproducing the half tones of the photograph.

{ Hall"statt (?), Hall*stat"ti*an (?) }, a. Of or pert. to Hallstatt, Austria, or the Hallstatt civilization. -- Hallstatt, or Hallstattian, civilization, a prehistoric civilization of central Europe, variously dated at from 1000 to 1500 b. c. and usually associated with the Celtic or Alpine race. It was characterized by expert use of bronze, a knowledge of iron, possession of domestic animals, agriculture, and artistic skill and sentiment in manufacturing pottery, ornaments, etc.

The Hallstattian civilization flourished chiefly in Carinthia, southern Germany, Switzerland, Bohemia, Silesia, Bosnia, the southeast of France, and southern Italy.

J. Deniker.

-- H. epoch, the first iron age, represented by the Hallstatt civilization.

Hal"ma (?), n. A game played on a board having 256 squares, by two persons with 19 men each, or by four with 13 men each, starting from different corners and striving to place each his own set of men in a corresponding position in the opposite corner by moving them or by jumping them over those met in progress.

Halve (?), v. t. Of a hole, match, etc., to reach or play in the same number of strokes as an opponent.

||Ha*mal" (?), n. [Written also hammal, hummaul, hamaul, khamal, etc.] [Turk. & Ar. hamml, fr. Ar. hamala to carry.] In Turkey and other Oriental countries, a porter or burden bearer; specif., in Western India, a palanquin bearer.

Ham"fat`ter (?), n. [From a negro minstrel song called "The ham-fat man."] A low-grade actor or performer. [Theatrical Slang]

Ham"mer, n. (Athletics) A spherical weight attached to a flexible handle and hurled from a mark or ring. The weight of head and handle is usually not less than 16 pounds.

Ham"mer break. (Elec.) An interrupter in which contact is broken by the movement of an automatically vibrating hammer between a contact piece and an electromagnet, or of a rapidly moving piece mechanically driven.

Hammer lock. (Wrestling) A hold in which an arm of one contestant is held twisted and bent behind his back by his opponent.

Hand (?), n. A gambling game played by American Indians, consisting of guessing the whereabouts of bits of ivory or the like, which are passed rapidly from hand to hand.

Hand"ball` (?), n. 1. A ball for throwing or using with the hand.

2. A game played with such a ball, as by players striking it to and fro between them with the hands, or alternately against a wall, until one side or the other fails to return the ball.

Hang, v. i. (Cricket, Tennis, etc.) Of a ball: To rebound unexpectedly or unusually slowly, due to backward spin on the ball or imperfections of ground.

Hang (?), v. t. To prevent from reaching a decision, esp. by refusing to join in a verdict that must be unanimous; as, one obstinate juror can hang a jury.

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Hank (?), n. (Wrestling) A throw in which a wrestler turns his left side to his opponent, twines his left leg about his opponent's right leg from the inside, and throws him backward.

{ Ha"nuk*ka, or Ha"nuk*kah (?) }, n. [Heb. khanukkh.] The Jewish Feast of the Dedication, instituted by Judas Maccabæus, his brothers, and the whole congregation of Israel, in 165 b. c., to commemorate the dedication of the new altar set up at the purification of the temple of Jerusalem to replace the altar which had been polluted by Antiochus Epiphanes (1 Maccabees i. 58, iv. 59). The feast, which is mentioned in John x. 22, is held for eight days (beginning with the 25th day of Kislev, corresponding to December), and is celebrated everywhere, chiefly as a festival of lights, by the Jews.

||Haph*ta"rah (?), n.; pl. - taroth (#). [Heb. haphtrh, prop., valedictory, fr. ptar to depart.] One of the lessons from the Nebiim (or Prophets) read in the Jewish synagogue on Sabbaths, feast days, fasts, and the ninth of Ab, at the end of the service, after the parashoth, or lessons from the Law. Such a practice is evidenced in Luke iv.17 and Acts xiii.15.

Hard steel. Steel hardened by the addition of other elements, as manganese, phosphorus, or (usually) carbon.

Har"vey proc"ess (?). (Metal.) A process of hardening the face of steel, as armor plates, invented by Hayward A. Harvey of New Jersey, consisting in the additional carburizing of the face of a piece of low carbon steel by subjecting it to the action of carbon under long-continued pressure at a very high heat, and then to a violent chilling, as by a spray of cold water. This process gives an armor plate a thick surface of extreme hardness supported by material gradually decreasing in hardness to the unaltered soft steel at the back.

Haul"a*bout` (?), n. A bargelike vessel with steel hull, large hatchways, and coal transporters, for coaling war vessels from its own hold or from other colliers.

Hav"ier (?), n. [Formerly haver, prob. fr. Half; cf. L. semimas emasculated, prop., half male.] A castrated deer.

Haviers, or stags which have been gelded when young, have no horns.

Encyc. of Sport.

Hawk"eye` State. Iowa; -- a nickname of obscure origin.

Haz"ard, n. (Golf) Any place into which the ball may not be safely played, such as bunkers, furze, water, sand, or other kind of bad ground.

Head"wa`ter (?), n. The source and upper part of a stream; -- commonly used in the plural; as, the headwaters of the Missouri.

Hebrew calendar. = Jewish calendar.

Heck"er*ism (?), n. (R. C. Ch.) (a) The teaching of Isaac Thomas Hecker (1819- 88), which interprets Catholicism as promoting human aspirations after liberty and truth, and as the religion best suited to the character and institutions of the American people. (b) Improperly, certain views or principles erroneously ascribed to Father Hecker in a French translation of Elliott's Life of Hecker. They were condemned as "Americanism" by the Pope, in a letter to Cardinal Gibbons, January 22, 1899.

Hec"kle, v. t. To interrogate, or ply with questions, esp. with severity or antagonism, as a candidate for the ministry.

Robert bore heckling, however, with great patience and adroitness.

Mrs. Humphry Ward.

Hedge"hog`, n. (Elec.) A variety of transformer with open magnetic circuit, the ends of the iron wire core being turned outward and presenting a bristling appearance, whence the name.

Heel, n. 1. (Golf) The part of the face of the club head nearest the shaft.

2. In a carding machine, the part of a flat nearest the cylinder.

Heel, v. t. 1. (Golf) To hit (the ball) with the heel of the club.

2. (Football) To make (a fair catch) standing with one foot advanced, the heel on the ground and the toe up.

Heel"path` (?), n. [So called with a play upon the words tow and toe.] The bank of a canal opposite, and corresponding to, that of the towpath; berm. [U. S.]

The Cowles found convenient spiles sunk in the heelpath.

The Century.

Heem"raad` (?), n.; pl. - raaden (#). [Sometimes, incorrectly, Heemraat or even Heemrad.] [D. heem village + raad council, councilor.] In Holland, and, until the 19th century, also in Cape Colony, a council to assist a local magistrate in the government of rural districts; hence, also, a member of such a council.

||Heft (?), n.; G. pl. Hefte (#). [G.] A number of sheets of paper fastened together, as for a notebook; also, a part of a serial publication.

The size of "hefts" will depend on the material requiring attention, and the annual volume is to cost about 15 marks.

The Nation.

He"li*o*gram (?), n. [Helio- + -gram.] A message transmitted by a heliograph.

He"li*o*graph (?), v. t. 1. To telegraph, or signal, with a heliograph.

2. To photograph by sunlight.

He`li*o*graph"ic, a. (Astron.) Of or pertaining to a description of the sun.

Heliographic longitudes and latitudes of spots on the sun's surface are analogous to geographic longitudes and latitudes of places on the earth.

He`li*og"ra*phy, n. 1. The description of the sun.

2. The system, art, or practice of telegraphing, or signaling, with the heliograph.

3. An early photographic process invented by Nicéphore Niepce, and still used in photo-engraving. It consists essentially in exposing under a design or in a camera a polished metal plate coated with a preparation of asphalt, and subsequently treating the plate with a suitable solvent. The light renders insoluble those parts of the film which is strikes, and so a permanent image is formed, which can be etched upon the plate by the use of acid.

He`li*o*grav"ure, n. A plate or picture made by the process of heliogravure.

He"li*um (h"l*m), n. [NL., fr. Gr. "h`lios the sun.] (Chem.) An inert, monoatomic, gaseous element occurring in the atmosphere of the sun and stars, and in small quantities in the earth's atmosphere, in several minerals and in certain mineral waters. Symbol, He; at. wt., 4. Helium was first detected spectroscopically in the sun by Lockyer in 1868; it was first prepared by Ramsay in 1895. Helium has a density of 1.98 compared with hydrogen, and is more difficult to liquefy than the latter. Chemically, it belongs to the argon group and cannot be made to form compounds. It is a decomposition product of the radium emanation.

He`ma*tin"ic (?), n. [From Hematin.] (Med.) Any substance, such as an iron salt or organic compound containing iron, which when ingested tends to increase the hemoglobin contents of the blood.

Hen`ri*et"ta cloth` (?). A fine wide wooled fabric much used for women's dresses.

Hep"pel*white (?), a. (Furniture) Designating a light and elegant style developed in England under George III., chiefly by Messrs. A.Heppelwhite & Co.

Her"mit, n. (Cookery) A spiced molasses cooky, often containing chopped raisins and nuts.

||Her"ren*haus` (?), n. [G., House of Lords.] See Legislature, Austria, Prussia.

Hertz"i*an (?), a. Of or pert. to the German physicist Heinrich Hertz.

Hertzian telegraphy, telegraphy by means of the Hertzian waves; wireless telegraphy. -- H. waves, electric waves; -- so called because Hertz was the first to investigate them systematically. His apparatus consisted essentially in an oscillator for producing the waves, and a resonator for detecting them. The waves were found to have the same velocity as light, and to undergo reflection, refraction, and polarization.

||Her"zog (?), n. [G., akin to AS. heretoga, lit., army leader. See Harry, and Duke.] A member of the highest rank of nobility in Germany and Austria, corresponding to the British duke.

{ ||He*tæ"ra (?), ||He*tai"ra (?) }, n.; pl. -ræ (#). [NL. See Hetairism.] (Gr. Antiq.) A female paramour; a mistress, concubine, or harlot. -- He*tæ"ric, He*tai"ric (#), a.

Het`er*œ"cious (?), a. [Hetero- + Gr. &?; house.] (Bot.) Passing through the different stages in its life history on an alternation of hosts, as the common wheat-rust fungus (Puccinia graminis), and certain other parasitic fungi; -- contrasted with autœcious. -- Het`er*œ"cism (#), n.

Hex"a*gram (?), n. [Hexa- + - gram.] A figure of six lines; specif.: (a) A figure composed of two equal triangles intersecting so that each side of one triangle is parallel to a side of the other, and the six points coincide with those of a hexagon. (b) In Chinese literature, one of the sixty-four figures formed of six parallel lines (continuous or broken), forming the basis of the Yih King, or "Book of Changes." S. W. Williams.

Hex"ose (?), n. [Hexa- + - ose.] (Chem.) Any member of a group of sugars containing six carbon atoms in the molecule. Some are widely distributed in nature, esp. in ripe fruits.

||Hi*dro"sis (?), n. [Written also, but incorrectly, idrosis.] [NL., fr. Gr. &?; to sweat, &?; sweat.] 1. (Physiol.) Excretion of sweat; perspiration.

2. (Med.) Excessive perspiration; also, any skin disease characterized by abnormal perspiration.

Hi*drot"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?; sudorific.] (Med.) Causing perspiration; diaphoretic or sudorific.

Hi*drot"ic, n. A medicine that causes perspiration; a diaphoretic or a sudorific.

High"boy`, n. 1. One who lives high; also, in politics, a highflyer.

2. A kind of set of drawers. [U. S.] "Mahogany highboys glittering with brass handles." K. L. Bates.

High"er crit"i*cism. Criticism which includes the study of the contents, literary character, date, authorship, etc., of any writing; as, the higher criticism of the Pentateuch. Called also historical criticism.

The comparison of the Hebrew and Greek texts . . . introduces us to a series of questions affecting the composition, the editing, and the collection of the sacred books. This class of questions forms the special subject of the branch of critical science which is usually distinguished from the verbal criticism of the text by the name of higher, or historical, criticism.

W. Robertson Smith.

High"er-up", n. A superior officer or official; -- used chiefly in pl. [Slang]

Higher thought. See New thought, below.

High five. See Cinch (the game).

High steel. Steel containing a high percentage of carbon; high-carbon steel.

Hike (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hiked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hiking.] [Cf. Hitch.] To move with a swing, toss, throw, jerk, or the like. [Dial. or Colloq.]

Hike (?), v. i. To hike one's self; specif., to go with exertion or effort; to tramp; to march laboriously. [Dial. or Colloq.] "If you persist in heaving and hiking like this." Kipling.

It's hike, hike, hike (march) till you stick in the mud, and then you hike back again a little slower than you went.

Scribner's Mag.

Hike, n. The act of hiking; a tramp; a march. [Dial. or Colloq.]

With every hike there's a few laid out with their hands crossed.

Scribner's Mag.

{Hin"doo, or Hindu, calendar }. A lunisolar calendar of India, according to which the year is divided into twelve months, with an extra month inserted after every month in which two new moons occur (once in three years). The intercalary month has the name of the one which precedes it. The year usually commences about April 11. The months are follows:

Hin"ter*land` (?), n. [G.; hinter behind + land land.] The land or region lying behind the coast district. The term is used esp. with reference to the so-called doctrine of the hinterland, sometimes advanced, that occupation of the coast supports a claim to an exclusive right to occupy, from time to time, the territory lying inland of the coast.

{Hipe (?), n. Also Hype }. [Etym. uncertain.] (Wrestling) A throw in which the wrestler lifts his opponent from the ground, swings him to one side, knocks up his nearer thigh from the back with the knee, and throws him on his back.

Hipe, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Hiped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hiping (?).] (Wrestling) To throw by means of a hipe. -- Hip"er (#), n.

Hip lock. (Wrestling) A lock in which a close grip is obtained and a fall attempted by a heave over the hip.

Hip"po*drome, n. (Sports) A fraudulent contest with a predetermined winner. [Slang, U. S.]

Hip"po*drome, v. i. [imp. & p. p. -dromed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. -droming.] (Sports) To arrange contests with predetermined winners. [Slang, U. S.]

{ Hire purchase, or, more fully, Hire purchase agreement, or Hire and purchase agreement}. (Law) A contract (more fully called contract of hire with an option of purchase) in which a person hires goods for a specified period and at a fixed rent, with the added condition that if he shall retain the goods for the full period and pay all the installments of rent as they become due the contract shall determine and the title vest absolutely in him, and that if he chooses he may at any time during the term surrender the goods and be quit of any liability for future installments upon the contract. In the United States such a contract is generally treated as a conditional sale, and the term hire purchase is also sometimes applied to a contract in which the hirer is not free to avoid future liability by surrender of the goods. In England, however, if the hirer does not have this right the contract is a sale.

Hit"tite (?), n. [From Heb. Khittm Hittites.] A member of an ancient people (or perhaps group of peoples) whose settlements extended from Armenia westward into Asia Minor and southward into Palestine. They are known to have been met along the Orontes as early as 1500 b. c., and were often at war with the Egyptians and Assyrians. Especially in the north they developed a considerable civilization, of which numerous monuments and inscriptions are extant. Authorities are not agreed as to their race. While several attempts have been made to decipher the Hittite characters, little progress has yet been made.

Hit"torf rays (?). (Elec.) Rays (chiefly cathode rays) developed by the electric discharge in Hittorf tubes.

Hit"torf tube. (Elec.) (a) A highly exhausted glass tube with metallic electrodes nearly in contact so as to exhibit the insulating effects of a vacuum. It was used by the German physicist W. Hittorf (b. 1824). (b) A Crookes tube.

Hob, n. A peg, pin, or mark used as a target in some games, as an iron pin in quoits; also, a game in which such a target is used.

Hob, n. (Zoöl.) The male ferret.

Hob"ble skirt. A woman's skirt so scant at the bottom as to restrain freedom of movement after the fashion of a hobble. -- Hob"ble-skirt`ed, a.

Ho"bo (?), n.; pl. Hobos or Hoboes (#). [Of uncertain origin.] A professional tramp; one who spends his life traveling from place to place, esp. by stealing rides on trains, and begging for a living. [U. S.] -- Ho"bo*ism (#), n.

Hol"arc*tic (?), a. [Holo- + arctic.] Of or pert. to the arctic regions collectively; specif. (Zoögeography), designating a realm or region including the northern parts of the Old and the New World. It comprises the Palearctic and Nearctic regions or subregions.

Hold, v. t. -- To hold up. To stop in order to rob, often with the demand to hold up the hands. [Colloq.]

Hole, n. (Games) (a) A small cavity used in some games, usually one into which a marble or ball is to be played or driven; hence, a score made by playing a marble or ball into such a hole, as in golf. (b) (Fives) At Eton College, England, that part of the floor of the court between the step and the pepperbox.

Hole in the air. (Aëronautics) = Air hole, above.

{ Hol`lan*daise" sauce, or Hol`lan*daise" } (?), n. [F. hollandaise, fem. of hollandais Dutch.] (Cookery) A sauce consisting essentially of a seasoned emulsion of butter and yolk of eggs with a little lemon juice or vinegar.

Hol"lus*chick`ie (?), n. sing. & pl. [Prob. of Russ. goluishka bare of possessions, offspring, etc., fr. golui naked.] (Zoöl.) A young male fur seal, esp. one from three to six years old; -- called also bachelor, because prevented from breeding by the older full- grown males.

The holluschickie are the seals that may legally be killed for their skins.

But he'll lie down on the killing grounds where the holluschickie go.

Kipling.

Hol"stein (?), n. (Zoöl.) One of a breed of cattle, originally from Schleswig- Holstein, valued for the large amount of milk produced by the cows. The color is usually black and white in irregular patches.

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