Chapter 21

Ex*press" ri"fle. A sporting rifle for use at short ranges, employing a large charge of powder and a light (short) bullet, giving a high initial velocity and consequently a flat trajectory. It is usually of moderately large caliber.

Express train. Formerly, a railroad train run expressly for the occasion; a special train; now, a train run at express or special speed and making few stops.

Ex*sert" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exserted; p. pr. & vb. n. Exserting.] [See Exsert, a., Exert.] To thrust out; to protrude; as, some worms are said to exsert the proboscis.

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||Ex`terne" (ks`trn"), n. [F.] An extern; esp;, a doctor or medical student who is in attendance upon, or is assisting at, a hospital, but who does not reside in it.

Ex"tra (?), n. 1. Something in addition to what is due, expected, or customary; esp., an added charge or fee, or something for which an additional charge is made.

2. An edition of a newspaper issued at a time other than the regular one.

3. (Cricket) A run, as from a bye, credited to the general score but not made from a hit.

4. Something of an extra quality or grade.

Ex*tract"or, n. 1. A centrifugal drying machine.

2. (Apiculture) A machine for clearing combs of honey; also, a device for rendering wax.

Ex`tra*ju*di"cial (?), a. Out of or beyond the power authority of a court or judge; beyond jurisdiction; not valid as a part of a judicial proceeding; as, extrajudicial oaths, judgments, etc., are null and void. -- Ex`tra*ju*di"cial*ly, adv.

Extrajudicial conveyance. (Law) A conveyance, as by deed, effected by the act of the parties and not involving, as in the fine and recovery, judicial proceedings.

Ex*trav"a*sate (?), v. i. [See Extravasate, v. t.] (Physiol.) To pass by infiltration or effusion from the normal channel, such as a blood vessel or a lymphatic, into the surrounding tissue; -- said of blood, lymph, etc.

Ex*trav`a*sa"tion, n. (Geol.) The issue of lava and other volcanic products from the earth.

Ex*trude", v. t. (Metallurgy) To shape or form by forcing metal heated to a semi-plastic condition through dies by the use of hydraulic power; as, extruded metal, extruded rods, extruded shapes.

Ex*tru"sive (?), a. [See Extrude.] (Geol.) Forced out at the surface; as, extrusive rocks; -- contrasted with intrusive.

Ex*u"date (?), n. A product of exudation; an exuded substance.

Eye"-mind`ed, a. Having one's mental imagery prevailingly of the visual type; having one's thoughts and memories mainly in the form of visual images. -- Eye"- mind`ed*ness, n.

Eye opener. That which makes the eyes open, as startling news or occurrence, or (U. S. Slang), a drink of liquor, esp. the first one in the morning.

F.

Fa"bi*an (?), n. A member of, or sympathizer with, the Fabian Society.

Fa"bi*an, a. 1. Of or pertaining to the Roman gens Fabia.

2. Designating, or pertaining to, a society of socialists, organized in England in 1884 to spread socialistic principles gradually without violent agitation.

The Fabian Society proposes then to conquer by delay; to carry its programme, not by a hasty rush, but through the slower, but, as it thinks, surer methods of patient discussion, exposition, and political action.

William Clarke.

Fac"ul*ta*tive (?), a. [L. facultas, -atis, faculty: cf. F. facultatif, G. fakultativ.] 1. Having relation to the grant or exercise faculty, or authority, privilege, license, or the like hence, optional; as, facultative enactments, or those which convey a faculty, or permission; the facultative referendum of Switzerland is one that is optional with the people and is necessary only when demanded by petition; facultative studies; -- opposed to obligatory and compulsory, and sometimes used with to.

2. Of such a character as to admit of existing under various forms or conditions, or of happening or not happening, or the like; specif.: (Biol.) Having the power to live under different conditions; as, a facultative parasite, a plant which is normally saprophytic, but which may exist wholly or in part as a parasite; -- opposed to obligate.

3. (Physiol.) Pertaining to a faculty or faculties.

In short, there is no facultative plurality in the mind; it is a single organ of true judgment for all purposes, cognitive or practical.

J. Martineau.

||Fa`daise" (?), n. [F.] A vapid or meaningless remark; a commonplace; nonsense.

{ Fai"ne*ance (?), Fai"ne*an*cy (?) }, n. [Cf. OF. faineance. See Fainéant.] Do-nothingness; inactivity; indolence.

The mask of sneering faineance was gone.

C. Kingsley.

Fainéant deity. A deity recognized as real but conceived as not acting in human affairs, hence not worshiped.

Fair catch. (Football) A catch made by a player on side who makes a prescribed signal that he will not attempt to advance the ball when caught. He must not then be interfered with.

Fak"er (?), n. [Often erroneously written fakir.] One who fakes something, as a thief, a peddler of petty things, a workman who dresses things up, etc. [Slang]

Fa"kir (?), n. [Prob. confused with Fakir an oriental ascetic.] See Faker.

Fan"-tan` (fn"tn`), n. [Chinese (of Canton) in an-tan-kun gambling house.] 1. A Chinese gambling game in which coins or other small objects are placed upon a table, usually under a cup, and the players bet as to what remainder will be left when the sum of the counters is divided by four.

2. A game with playing cards in which the cards are played in sequences upon the table, the one who first gets rid of his cards being the winner.

{ Fan*tigue" (?), Fan*tique" (?) }, n. [Written also fanteague, fanteeg, etc.] [Cf. Fantod.] State of worry or excitment; fidget; ill humor. [Prov. Eng.] Dickens.

{ Fan"tod (?), Fan"tad (?), } n. [Cf. Fantigue.] State of worry or excitement; fidget; fuss; also, indisposition; pet; sulks. [Slang]

Far"a*dize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Faradized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Faradizing (?).] (Med.) To stimulate with, or subject to, faradic, or inducted, electric currents. -- Far"a*diz`er (#), n.

||Fa`ran`dole" (?), n. [F. farandole, Pr. farandoulo.] A rapid dance in six- eight time in which a large number join hands and dance in various figures, sometimes moving from room to room. It originated in Provence.

I have pictured them dancing a sort of farandole.

W. D. Howells.

Fas"ci*cle, n. One of the divisions of a book published in parts; fasciculus.

Fas"ci*cule (?), n. [See Fascicle.] A small bunch or bundle; a fascicle; as, a fascicule of fibers, hairs, or spines.

Fast, a. In such a condition, as to resilience, etc., as to make possible unusual rapidity of play or action; as, a fast racket, or tennis court; a fast track; a fast billiard table, etc.

Fault, n. 1. (Elec.) A defective point in an electric circuit due to a crossing of the parts of the conductor, or to contact with another conductor or the earth, or to a break in the circuit.

2. (Geol. & Mining) A dislocation caused by a slipping of rock masses along a plane of facture; also, the dislocated structure resulting from such slipping.

The surface along which the dislocated masses have moved is called the fault plane. When this plane is vertical, the fault is a vertical fault; when its inclination is such that the present relative position of the two masses could have been produced by the sliding down, along the fault plane, of the mass on its upper side, the fault is a normal, or gravity, fault. When the fault plane is so inclined that the mass on its upper side has moved up relatively, the fault is then called a reverse (or reversed), thrust, or overthrust, fault. If no vertical displacement has resulted, the fault is then called a horizontal fault. The linear extent of the dislocation measured on the fault plane and in the direction of movement is the displacement; the vertical displacement is the throw; the horizontal displacement is the heave. The direction of the line of intersection of the fault plane with a horizontal plane is the trend of the fault. A fault is a strike fault when its trend coincides approximately with the strike of associated strata (i.e., the line of intersection of the plane of the strata with a horizontal plane); it is a dip fault when its trend is at right angles to the strike; an oblique fault when its trend is oblique to the strike. Oblique faults and dip faults are sometimes called cross faults. A series of closely associated parallel faults are sometimes called step faults and sometimes distributive faults.

Fa`vier" ex*plo"sive (?). [After the inventor, P. A. Favier, a Frenchman.] Any of several explosive mixtures, chiefly of ammonium nitrate and a nitrate derivative of naphthalene. They are stable, but require protection from moisture. As prepared it is a compressed cylinder of the explosive, filled with loose powder of the same composition, all inclosed in waterproof wrappers. It is used for mining.

Feath"er*bone` (?), n. A substitute for whalebone, made from the quills of geese and turkeys.

Feath"er*stitch` (?), n. A kind of embroidery stitch producing a branching zigzag line.

Feck (?), n. [Abbrev. fr. effect.] 1. Effect. [Obs.]

2. Efficacy; force; value. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.]

3. Amount; quantity. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.]

He had a feck o' books wi' him.

R. L. Stevenson.

The most feck, or The feck, the greater or larger part. "The feck o' my life." Burns.

||Fehm (?), n., ||Fehm"ge*richt` (&?;), n. Same as Vehm, Vehmgericht.

Fêng"-hwang` (?), n. [Chin. feng + 'huang.] (Chinese Myth.) A pheasantlike bird of rich plumage and graceful form and movement, fabled to appear in the land on the accession of a sage to the throne, or when right principles are about to prevail. It is often represented on porcelains and other works of art.

Fêng"-shu`i (?), n. [Chin. feng wind + shiu water.] A system of spirit influences for good and evil believed by the Chinese to attend the natural features of landscape; also, a kind of geomancy dealing with these influences, used in determining sites for graves, houses, etc.

Fer`men*ta"tion the"o*ry. (Med.) The theory which likens the course of certain diseases (esp. infectious diseases) to the process of fermentation, and attributes them to the organized ferments in the body. It does not differ materially from the accepted germ theory (which see).

Fer"me*ture (?), n. [F., fr. fermer to close.] (Mil.) The mechanism for closing the breech of a breech-loading firearm, in artillery consisting principally of the breechblock, obturator, and carrier ring.

{ Fer*ran"ti ca"bles (?), Fer*ran"ti mains" (?) }. (Elec.) A form of conductor, designed by Ferranti, for currents of high potential, and consisting of concentric tubes of copper separated by an insulating material composed of paper saturated with black mineral wax.

Fer*ran"ti phe*nom"e*non. (Elec.) An increase in the ratio of transformation of an alternating current converter, accompanied by other changes in electrical conditions, occurring when the secondary of the converter is connected with a condenser of moderate capacity; -- so called because first observed in connection with the Ferranti cables in London.

Fer"ris wheel (?). An amusement device consisting of a giant power-driven steel wheel, revolvable on its stationary axle, and carrying a number of balanced passenger cars around its rim; -- so called after G. W. G. Ferris, American engineer, who erected the first of its kind for the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago in 1893.

Fer"ro-con"crete (?), n. (Arch. & Engin.) Concrete strengthened by a core or foundation skeleton of iron or steel bars, strips, etc. Floors, columns, piles, water pipes, etc., have been successfully made of it. Called also armored concrete steel, and reënforced concrete.

||Fies"ta (?), n. [Sp. See Feast, n.] Among Spanish, a religious festival; a saint's day or holiday; also, a holiday or festivity.

Even . . . a bullfight is a fiesta.

Am. Dialect Notes.

Some fiesta, when all the surrounding population were expected to turn out in holiday dress for merriment.

The Century.

Fig"u*line (?), a. [L. figulinus. See Figulate.] 1. Suitable for the making of pottery; fictile; -- said of clay.

2. Made of clay, as by the potter; -- said of vessels, ornamental figures, or the like; as, figuline ware.

Fi*la"ri*al (?), a. 1. (Zoöl. & Med.) Of, pertaining to, or caused by, filariæ and allied parasitic worms.

2. Straight, as if in a line; as, the filarial flight of birds.

||Fil`a*ri"a*sis (?), n. [NL.] (Med.) The presence of filariæ in the blood; infection with filariæ.

Fi*lasse" (?), n. [F., fr. fil thread, L. filum.] Vegetable fiber, as jute or ramie, prepared for manufacture.

File" clos`er. (Mil.) A commissioned or noncommissioned officer posted in the rear of a line, or on the flank of a column, of soldiers, to rectify mistakes and insure steadiness and promptness in the ranks.

Fil`i*a"tion (?), n. 1. Descent from, or as if from, a parent; relationship like that of a son; as, to determine the filiation of a language.

2. One that is derived from a parent or source; an offshoot; as, the filiations are from a common stock.

||Fil`i*o"que (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) The Latin for, "and from the Son," equivalent to et filio, inserted by the third council of Toledo (a. d. 589) in the clause qui ex Patre procedit (who proceedeth from the Father) of the Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed (a. d. 381), which makes a creed state that the Holy Ghost proceeds from the Son as well as from the Father. Hence, the doctrine itself (not admitted by the Eastern Church).

Fil`i*pi"no (?), n.; pl. Filipinos (#). [Sp.] A native of the Philippine Islands, specif. one of Spanish descent or of mixed blood.

Then there are Filipinos, -- "children of the country," they are called, -- who are supposed to be pure-blooded descendants of Spanish settlers. But there are few of them without some touch of Chinese or native blood.

The Century.

Fill, n. That which fills; filling; specif., an embankment, as in railroad construction, to fill a hollow or ravine; also, the place which is to be filled.

Filled cheese. An inferior kind of cheese made from skim milk with a fatty "filling," such as oleomargarine or lard, to replace the fat removed in the cream.

Fill"er, n. 1. (Paint.) A composition, as of powdered silica and oil, used to fill the pores and grain of wood before applying paint, varnish, etc.

2. (Forestry) Any standing tree or standard higher than the surrounding coppice in the form of forest known as coppice under standards. Chiefly used in the pl.

Film (?), n. (Photog.) The layer, usually of gelatin or collodion, containing the sensitive salts of photographic plates; also, the flexible sheet of celluloid or the like on which this layer is sometimes mounted.

Celluloid film (Photog.), a thin flexible sheet of celluloid, coated with a sensitized emulsion of gelatin, and used as a substitute for photographic plates. -- Cut film (Photog.), a celluloid film cut into pieces suitable for use in a camera.

Fil`o*selle" (?), n. [F., floss silk.] A kind of silk thread less glossy than floss, and spun from coarser material. It is much used in embroidery instead of floss.

||Fils (?), n. [F., fr. L. filius. See Filial.] Son; -- sometimes used after a French proper name to distinguish a son from his father, as, Alexandre Dumas, fils.

Fin, n. (Aëronautics) A fixed stabilizing surface, usually vertical, similar in purpose to a bilge keel on a ship.

Fi"nal*ist (?), n. (Sports) Any of the players who meet in the final round of a tournament in which the losers in any round do not play again.

Fi*nance" (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Financed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Financing.] To conduct the finances of; to provide for, and manage, the capital for; to financier.

Securing foreign capital to finance multitudinous undertakings.

B. H. Chamberlain.

Fin"bat kite (?). = Eddy kite. [Eng.]

Find"er, n. (Micros.) A slide ruled in squares, so as to assist in locating particular points in the field of vision.

||Fin` de siè"cle (?). [F.] Lit., end of the century; -- mostly used adjectively in English to signify: belonging to, or characteristic of, the close of the 19th century; modern; "up- to-date;" as, fin-de-siècle ideas.

Fine (?), adv. 1. Finely; well; elegantly; fully; delicately; mincingly. [Obs., Dial., or Colloq.]

2. (Billiards & Pool) In a manner so that the driven ball strikes the object ball so far to one side as to be deflected but little, the object ball being driven to one side.

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Fine (fn), v. i. To become fine (in any one of various senses); as, the ale will fine; the weather fined.

To fine away, down, off, gradually to become fine; to diminish; to dwindle.

I watched her [the ship] . . . gradually fining down in the westward until I lost of her hull.

W. C. Russel.

Fin*jan" (?), n. [Also fingan, findjan, fingian, etc.] [Ar. finjn.] In the Levant, a small coffee cup without a handle, such as is held in a cup or stand called a zarf.

Fin keel. (Naut.) A projection downward from the keel of a yacht, resembling in shape the fin of a fish, though often with a cigar-shaped bulb of lead at the bottom, and generally made of metal. Its use is to ballast the boat and also to enable her to sail close to the wind and to make the least possible leeway by offering great resistance to lateral motion through the water.

Fin"sen light (?). [After Prof. Niels R. Finsen (b. 1860), Danish physician.] (Med.) Highly actinic light, derived from sunlight or from some form of electric lamp, used in the treatment of lupus and other cutaneous affections.

Fire"ball`, n. Ball, or globular, lightning.

Fire"room`, n. Same as Stokehold, below.

Fir"ing pin`. In the breech mechanism of a firearm, the pin which strikes the head of the cartridge and explodes it.

||Flache`rie" (flsh`r"), n. [F.] A bacterial disease of silkworms, supposed to be due to eating contaminated mulberry leaves.

||Fla"con (fl"kôn), n. [F. See Flagon.] A small glass bottle; as, a flacon for perfume. "Two glass flacons for the ink." Longfellow.

Flag, n. (Zoöl.) One of the wing feathers next the body of a bird; -- called also flag feather.

Flag, v. t. To decoy (game) by waving a flag, handkerchief, or the like to arouse the animal's curiosity.

The antelope are getting continually shyer and more difficult to flag.

T. Roosevelt.

Flair (flâr), n. [OE. flaireodor, fr. OF. & F. flair, fr. OF. flairier, F. flairer, to smell, LL. flagrare for L. fragrare. See Flagrant.] 1. Smell; odor. [Obs.]

2. Sense of smell; scent; fig., discriminating sense.

Flake (?), n. [Etym. uncertain; cf. 1st Fake.] A flat layer, or fake, of a coiled cable.

Flake after flake ran out of the tubs, until we were compelled to hand the end of our line to the second mate.

F. T. Bullen.

||Flam`bé" (?), a. [F., p.p. of flamber to singe, pass (a thing) through flame. Cf. Flambeau.] (Ceramics) Decorated by glaze splashed or irregularly spread upon the surface, or apparently applied at the top and allowed to run down the sides; -- said of pieces of Chinese porcelain.

||Flâ`ne*rie" (?), n. [F. flânerie. See Flaneur.] Lit., strolling; sauntering; hence, aimless; idleness; as, intellectual flânerie.

Flan"nel flow`er. (Bot.) (a) The common mullein. (b) A Brazilian apocynaceous vine (Macrosiphonia longiflora) having woolly leaves. (c) An umbelliferous Australian flower (Actinotus helianthi), often erroneously thought to be composite. The involucre looks as if cut out of white flannel.

Flare, n. (Photog.) A defect in a photographic objective such that an image of the stop, or diaphragm, appears as a fogged spot in the center of the developed negative.

Flare"-up`, n. A sudden bursting into flame; a flaring.

Flash boiler. A variety of water-tube boiler, used chiefly in steam automobiles, consisting of a nest of strong tubes with very little water space, kept nearly red hot so that the water as it trickles drop by drop into the tubes is immediately flashed into steam and superheated.

Flash burner. A gas burner with a device for lighting by an electric spark.

Flat, a. 1. (Golf) Having a head at a very obtuse angle to the shaft; -- said of a club.

2. (Gram.) Not having an inflectional ending or sign, as a noun used as an adjective, or an adjective as an adverb, without the addition of a formative suffix, or an infinitive without the sign to. Many flat adverbs, as in run fast, buy cheap, are from AS. adverbs in -ë, the loss of this ending having made them like the adjectives. Some having forms in ly, such as exceeding, wonderful, true, are now archaic.

3. (Hort.) Flattening at the ends; -- said of certain fruits.

Flat"ware` (?), n. Articles for the table, as china or silverware, that are more or less flat, as distinguished from hollow ware.

Fleet, v. i. (Naut.) To move or change in position; -- said of persons; as, the crew fleeted aft.

Fleet", v. t. (Naut.) To move or change in position; used only in special phrases; as, of fleet aft the crew.

We got the long "stick" . . . down and "fleeted" aft, where it was secured.

F. T. Bullen.

||Fleu`ron" (?), n. [F., fr. OF. floron. Cf. Floroon.] A flower-shaped ornament, esp. one terminating an object or forming one of a series, as a knob of a cover to a dish, or a flower-shaped part in a necklace.

Flick (?), v. t. To throw, snap, or toss with a jerk; to flirt; as, to flick a whiplash.

Rude boys were flicking butter pats across chaos.

Kipling.

Flick, n. [See Flick, v. t.] A light quick stroke or blow, esp. with something pliant; a flirt; also, the sound made by such a blow.

She actually took the whip out of his hand and gave a flick to the pony.

Mrs. Humphry Ward.

Fli"er (?), n. An aëroplane or flying machine.

Flitch (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Flitched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Flitching.] [See Flitch, n.] To cut into, or off in, flitches or strips; as, to flitch logs; to flitch bacon.

{ Flite, Flyte } (?), n. [AS. flt. See Flite.] Strife; dispute; abusive or upbraiding talk, as in fliting; wrangling. [Obs. or Scot. & Prov. Eng.]

The bird of Pallas has also a good "flyte" on the moral side . . . in his suggestion that the principal effect of the nightingale's song is to make women false to their husbands.

Saintsbury.

{ Flitt"ing, Flytt"ing } (?), n. Contention; strife; scolding; specif., a kind of metrical contest between two persons, popular in Scotland in the 16th century. [Obs. or Scot.]

These "flytings" consisted of alternate torrents of sheer Billingsgate poured upon each other by the combatants.

Saintsbury.

Float"er. (Politics) (a) A voter who shifts from party to party, esp. one whose vote is purchasable. [U. S.] (b) A person, as a delegate to a convention or a member of a legislature, who represents an irregular constituency, as one formed by a union of the voters of two counties neither of which has a number sufficient to be allowed a (or an extra) representative of its own. [U. S.] (c) A person who votes illegally in various polling places or election districts, either under false registration made by himself or under the name of some properly registered person who has not already voted. [U. S.]

Float"ing, n. The process of rendering oysters and scallops plump by placing them in fresh or brackish water; -- called also fattening, plumping, and laying out.

{ Floating charge, lien, etc. } (Law) A charge, lien, etc., that successively attaches to such assets as a person may have from time to time, leaving him more or less free to dispose of or encumber them as if no such charge or lien existed.

Floc"cu*late (?), v. t. To convert into floccules or flocculent aggregates; to make granular or crumbly; as, the flocculating of a soil improves its mechanical condition.

When applied to clay soils it [lime] binds the small particles together, or flocculates them.

I. P. Roberts.

Floc"cule (?), n. [See Flocculus.] 1. A detached mass of loosely fibrous structure like a shredded tuft of wool.

2. (Chem.) Specif.: A small particle of an insoluble substance formed in a liquid by the union of smaller particles.