Chapter 13

Blue Hen State. The State of Delaware; -- a popular sobriquet. It is said, though the story lacks proof, to have taken its origin from the insistence of a Delaware Revolutionary captain, named Caldwell, that no cock could be truly game unless the mother was a blue hen, whence Blue Hen's Chickens came to be a nickname for the people of Delaware.

Blue"nose` (?), n. A Nova Scotian; also, a Nova Scotian ship (called also Blue"nos`er (&?;)); a Nova Scotian potato, etc.

Blue"-sky"law`. A law enacted to provide for the regulation and supervision of investment companies in order to protect the public against companies that do not intend to do a fair and honest business and that offer investments that do not promise a fair return; -- so called because the promises made by some investment companies are as boundless or alluring as the blue sky, or, perhaps, because designed to clear away the clouds and fogs from the simple investor's horizon. [Colloq.]

Blue"y (?), n. [From Blue, a.] [Australasia] 1. A bushman's blanket; -- named from its color.

We had to wring our blueys.

Lawson.

2. A bushman's bundle; a swag; -- so called because a blanket is sometimes used as the outside covering.

Bod veal. Veal too immature to be suitable for food.

{ Bo"dhi*sat (?), ||Bo`dhi*satt"va, ||Bo`dhi*satt"wa (?) }, n. [Skr. bdhisattva (perh. through Pali bdhisatt); fr. bdhi knowledge, enlightenment + sattva being, essence.] (Buddhism) One who has reached the highest degree of saintship, so that in his next incarnation he will be a Buddha, or savior of the world. -- Bo"dhi*sat`ship, n.

Bod"y, n. (Aëronautics) The central, longitudinal framework of a flying machine, to which are attached the planes or aërocurves, passenger accommodations, controlling and propelling apparatus, fuel tanks, etc.

Bo"gey (?), n.; pl. Bogeys (#). [Also bogie.] 1. A goblin; a bugbear.

I have become a sort of bogey -- a kill- joy.

Wm. Black.

2. (Golf) A given score or number of strokes, for each hole, against which players compete; -- said to be so called because assumed to be the score of an imaginary first-rate player called Colonel Bogey.

Bo"gie en"gine. (Railroads) A switching engine the running gear and driving gear of which are on a bogie, or truck.

Boil"er, n. A sunken reef; esp., a coral reef on which the sea breaks heavily.

||Bo*le"ro (?), n. A kind of small outer jacket, with or without sleeves, worn by women.

||Bo"lo (?), n. [Sp.] A kind of large knife resembling a machete. [Phil. Islands]

||Bol"sa (?), n. [Sp., lit., purse. See Bourse.] An exchange for the transaction of business. [Sp. Amer. & Phil. Islands]

||Bo`na*ci" (?), n. [Amer. Sp. bonasí, prob. from native name.] (Zoöl.) (a) A large grouper (Mycteroperca bonaci) of Florida and the West Indies, valuable as a food fish; -- called also aguaji and, in Florida, black grouper. (b) Also, any one of several other similar fishes.

||Bo"na fi"des (b"n f"dz). [L.] Good faith; honesty; freedom from fraud or deception.

||Bon`bon`nière" (?), n.; pl. -nières (#). [F.] A small fancy box or dish for bonbons.

Bond, n. 1. (Elec.) A heavy copper wire or rod connecting adjacent rails of an electric railway track when used as a part of the electric circuit.

2. League; association; confederacy. [South Africa]

The Africander Bond, a league or association appealing to African, but practically to Boer, patriotism.

James Bryce.

Bon"go (b"g), n. Either of two large antelopes (Boöcercus eurycercus of West Africa, and B. isaaci of East Africa) of a reddish or chestnut-brown color with narrow white stripes on the body. Their flesh is especially esteemed as food.

Bon"naz (?), n. A kind of embroidery made with a complicated sewing machine, said to have been originally invented by a Frenchman of the name of Bonnaz. The work is done either in freehand or by following a perforated design.

Bon"net, n. (Automobiles) The metal cover or shield over the motor.

||Bon`net" rouge" (?). [F.] The red cap adopted by the extremists in the French Revolution, which became a sign of patriotism at that epoch; hence, a revolutionist; a Red Republican.

Boost"er (?), n. (Elec.) An instrument for regulating the electro-motive force in an alternating- current circuit; -- so called because used to "boost", or raise, the pressure in the circuit.

Bor*deaux" mix"ture. (Hort.) A fungicidal mixture composed of blue vitriol, lime, and water. The formula in common use is: blue vitriol, 6 lbs.; lime, 4 lbs.; water, 35 -- 50 gallons.

||Bor`de*reau" (?), n.; pl. Bordereaux (#). [F.] A note or memorandum, esp. one containing an enumeration of documents.

Bo"re*al, a. (Biogeography) Designating or pertaining to a terrestrial division consisting of the northern and mountainous parts of both the Old and the New World; -- equivalent to the Holarctic region exclusive of the Transition, Sonoran, and corresponding areas. The term is used by American authors and applied by them chiefly to the Nearctic subregion. The Boreal region includes approximately all of North and Central America in which the mean temperature of the hottest season does not exceed 18° C. (= 64.4° F.). Its subdivisions are the Arctic zone and Boreal zone, the latter including the area between the Arctic and Transition zones.

||Bos"tryx (?), n. [NL.; irreg. fr. Gr. &?; a curl.] (Bot.) A form of cymose inflorescence with all the flowers on one side of the rachis, usually causing it to curl; -- called also a uniparous helicoid cyme.

Bos*well"i*an (?), a. Relating to, or characteristic of, Dr. Johnson's biographer, James Boswell, whose hero worship made his narrative a faithful but often uncritical record of details. -- Bos"well*ize (#), v. i. & t. -- Bos"weel*ism (#). n.

Bot"tle-neck` frame". (Automobiles) An inswept frame. [Colloq.]

Bot"tom fer`men*ta"tion. A slow alcoholic fermentation during which the yeast cells collect at the bottom of the fermenting liquid. It takes place at a temperature of 4° - 10° C. (39° - 50°F.). It is used in making lager beer and wines of low alcohol content but fine bouquet.

Bou"cher*ize (?), v. t. [After Dr. Auguste Boucherie, a French chemist, who invented the process.] To impregnate with a preservative solution of copper sulphate, as timber, railroad ties, etc.

||Bou*gie" dé`ci`male" (?). [F., lit., decimal candle.] A photometric standard used in France, having the value of one twentieth of the Violle platinum standard, or slightly less than a British standard candle. Called also decimal candle.

Bou*lan"gism (?), n. [F. boulangisme.] The spirit or principles of a French political movement identified with Gen. Georges Boulanger (d. 1891), whose militarism and advocacy of revenge on Germany attracted to him a miscellaneous party of monarchists and Republican malcontents. - - Bou*lan"gist (#), n.

Bou"le (?), n. [Gr. &?;.] 1. (Gr. Antiq.) A legislative council of elders or chiefs; a senate. The boule of Homeric times was an aristocratic body of princes and leaders, merely advisory to the king. The Athenian boule of Solon's time was an elective senate of 400, acting as a check on the popular ecclesia, for which it examined and prepared bills for discussion. It later increased to 500, chosen by lot, and extended its functions to embrace certain matters of administration and oversight.

2. Legislature of modern Greece. See Legislature.

||Boule`var`dier" (?), n. [F.] A frequenter of a city boulevard, esp. in Paris. F. Harrison.

Bowd"ler*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bowdlerized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Bowdlerizing (?).] [After Dr. Thomas Bowdler, an English physician, who published an expurgated edition of Shakespeare in 1818.] To expurgate, as a book, by omitting or modifying the parts considered offensive.

It is a grave defect in the splendid tale of Tom Jones . . . that a Bowlderized version of it would be hardly intelligible as a tale.

F. Harrison.

-- Bowd`ler*i*za"tion (#), n. -- Bowd"ler*ism (#), n.

Bow"er-Barff" proc`ess . (Metal.) A certain process for producing upon articles of iron or steel an adherent coating of the magnetic oxide of iron (which is not liable to corrosion by air, moisture, or ordinary acids). This is accomplished by producing, by oxidation at about 1600° F. in a closed space, a coating containing more or less of the ferric oxide (Fe2O3) and the subsequent change of this in a reduced atmosphere to the magnetic oxide (Fe2O4).

Bowl"er (?), n. [From 2d Bowl.] A derby hat. [Eng.]

Box"er, n. A member of a powerful Chinese organization which committed numerous outrages on Europeans and Christian converts in the uprising against foreigners in 1900. Various names, as "League of United Patriots" and "Great Knife [or Sword] Society," have been given as the Chinese name of the organization; why the members were called Boxers is uncertain.

Box"ing day`. The first week day after Christmas, a legal holiday on which Christmas boxes are given to postmen, errand boys, employees, etc. The night of this day is boxing night. [Eng.]

Box kite. A kite, invented by Lawrence Hargrave, of Sydney, Australia, which consist of two light rectangular boxes, or cells open on two sides, and fastened together horizontally. Called also Hargrave, or cellular, kite.

Box tail. (Aëronautics) In a flying machine, a tail or rudder, usually fixed, resembling a box kite.

Boy, n. In various countries, a male servant, laborer, or slave of a native or inferior race; also, any man of such a race.

He reverted again and again to the labor difficulty, and spoke of importing boys from Capetown.

Frances Macnab.

Boy scout. Orig., a member of the "Boy Scouts," an organization of boys founded in 1908, by Sir R. S. S. Baden-Powell, to promote good citizenship by creating in them a spirit of civic duty and of usefulness to others, by stimulating their interest in wholesome mental, moral, industrial, and physical activities, etc. Hence, a member of any of the other similar organizations, which are now worldwide. In "The Boy Scouts of America" the local councils are generally under a scout commissioner, under whose supervision are scout masters, each in charge of a troop of two or more patrols of eight scouts each, who are of three classes, tenderfoot, second-class scout, and first-class scout.

Brack"et, n. (Gunnery) A figure determined by firing a projectile beyond a target and another short of it, as a basis for ascertaining the proper elevation of the piece; -- only used in the phrase, to establish a bracket. After the bracket is established shots are fired with intermediate elevations until the exact range is obtained. In the United States navy it is called fork.

Brack"et, v. t. (Gunnery) To shoot so as to establish a bracket for (an object).

||Braille (?), n. A system of printing or writing for the blind in which the characters are represented by tangible points or dots. It was invented by Louis Braille, a French teacher of the blind.

Bran"den*burg (?), n. [So named after Brandenburg, a province and a town of Prussia.] A kind of decoration for the breast of a coat, sometimes only a frog with a loop, but in some military uniforms enlarged into a broad horizontal stripe.

He wore a coat . . . trimmed with Brandenburgs.

Smollett.

Brash"y (?), a. 1. Resembling, or of the nature of, brash, or broken fragments; broken; crumbly.

Our progress was not at all impeded by the few soft, brashy floes that we encountered.

F. T. Bullen.

2. Showery; characterized by brashes, or showers.

Bras"i*lin (?), n. [Cf. F. brésiline. See 2d Brazil.] (Chem.) A substance, C16H14O5, extracted from brazilwood as a yellow crystalline powder which is white when pure. It is colored intensely red by alkalies on exposure to the air, being oxidized to bra*sil"e*in (&?;), C16H12O5, to which brazilwood owes its dyeing properties.

Brasque (?), n. [F.] (Metal.) A paste made by mixing powdered charcoal, coal, or coke with clay, molasses, tar, or other suitable substance. It is used for lining hearths, crucibles, etc. Called also steep.

Bras`sière" (?), n. [F.] A form of woman's underwaist stiffened with whalebones, or the like, and worn to support the breasts.

Brass"y (?), n. [Written also brassie and brassey.] (Golf) A wooden club soled with brass.

Braw (?), a. [See Brave, a.] [Scot. & Prov. Eng.] 1. Well-dressed; handsome; smart; brave; -- used of persons or their clothing, etc.; as, a braw lad. "A braw new gown." Burns.

2. Good; fine. "A braw night." Sir W. Scott.

Break"a*way` (?), n. [Break + away] [Australasia] 1. A wild rush of sheep, cattle, horses, or camels (especially at the smell or the sight of water); a stampede.

2. An animal that breaks away from a herd.

Breech action. The breech mechanism in breech-loading small arms and certain special guns, as automatic and machine guns; -- used frequently in referring to the method by which the movable barrels of breech-loading shotguns are locked, unlocked, or rotated to loading position.

||Bre*lan" (?), n. [F.] (Card Playing) (a) A French gambling game somewhat like poker. (b) In French games, a pair royal, or triplet.

||Bre*lan" car`re" (?). [F. carré square.] (Card Playing) In French games, a double pair royal.

||Bre*lan" fa`vo`ri" (?). [F. favori favorite.] (Card Playing) In French games, a pair royal composed of 2 cards in the hand and the card turned.

Bre*loque" (?), n. [F.] A seal or charm for a watch chain. "His chains and breloques." Thackeray.

Brick"field`er (?), n. [Australia] 1. Orig., at Sydney, a cold and violent south or southwest wind, rising suddenly, and regularly preceded by a hot wind from the north; -- now usually called southerly buster. It blew across the Brickfields, formerly so called, a district of Sydney, and carried clouds of dust into the city.

2. By confusion, a midsummer hot wind from the north.

||Bri*cole" (?), n. 1. An ancient kind of military catapult.

2. In court tennis, the rebound of a ball from a wall of the court; also, the side stroke or play by which the ball is driven against the wall; hence, fig., indirect action or stroke.

3. (Billiards) A shot in which the cue ball is driven first against the cushion.

Bridge, n. A card game resembling whist. The trump, if any, is determined by the dealer or his partner, the value of each trick taken over six being: for "no trumps" 12, hearts 8, diamonds 6, clubs 4, spades 2. The opponents of the dealer can, after the trump is declared, double the value of the tricks, in which case the dealer or his partner can redouble, and so on. The dealer plays his partner's hand as a dummy. The side which first reaches or exceeds 30 points scored for tricks wins a game; the side which first wins two games wins a rubber. The total score for any side is the sum of the points scored for tricks, for rubbers (each of which counts 100), for honors (which follow a special schedule of value), and for slam, little slam, and chicane.

Brie" cheese" (?). A kind of soft French cream cheese; -- so called from the district in France where it is made; -- called also fromage de Brie.

Brig (?), n. [Origin unknown.] (Nav.) On a United States man-of-war, the prison or place of confinement for offenders.

Bril"lian*tine (?), n. [F. brillantine. See lst Brilliant.] 1. An oily composition used to make the hair glossy.

2. A dress fabric having a glossy finish on both sides, resembling alpaca but of superior quality.

||Bri`oche" (?), n. [F.] 1. A light cake made with flour, butter, yeast, and eggs.

2. A knitted foot cushion.

Bri`o*lette" (?), n. [F.] An oval or pearshaped diamond having its entire surface cut in triangular facets.

Bri*quette" (?), n. [Also briquet.] [F., dim. of brique brick.] 1. A block of compacted coal dust, or peat, etc., for fuel.

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2. A block of artificial stone in the form of a brick, used for paving; also, a molded sample of solidified cement or mortar for use as a test piece for showing the strength of the material.

||Bro`ché" (br`sh"), a. Stitched; -- said of a book with no cover or only a paper one.

||Bro`chette" (br`sht"), n. [F., dim. of broche. See Broach, n.] (Cookery) A small spit or skewer.

-- En bro`chette" (än) [F.], on a brochette; skewered.

{ Brock"en spec"ter or spec"tre (?) }. [Trans. of G. Brockengespenst.] A mountain specter (which see), esp. that observed on the Brocken, in the Harz Mountains.

Bro"ken breast`. Abscess of the mammary gland.

Bro"ma*lin (?), n. [From Bromine.] (Pharm.) A colorless or white crystalline compound, (CH2)6N4C2H5Br, used as a sedative in epilepsy.

Brom`an"il (?), n. [Bromine + aniline.] (Chem.) A substance analogous to chloranil but containing bromine in place of chlorine.

Bro"mide, n. A person who is conventional and commonplace in his habits of thought and conversation. [Slang] -- Bro*mid"ic (#), a. [Slang]

The bromide conforms to everythyng sanctioned by the majority, and may be depended upon to be trite, banal, and arbitrary.

Gelett Burgess.

{ Bromide, or Bromid, paper}. (Photog.) A sensitized paper coated with gelatin impregnated with bromide of silver, used in contact printing and in enlarging.

Bro*mid"i*om (?), n. [Bromide + idiom.] A conventional comment or saying, such as those characteristic of bromides. [Slang]

Bro`mo*gel"a*tin (?), a. [Bromine + gelatin.] (Photog.) Designating or pertaining to, a process of preparing dry plates with an emulsion of bromides and silver nitrate in gelatin.

Bro`mo*i"o*dism (?), n. [Bromine + iodine + -ism.] (Med.) Poisoning induced by large doses of bromine and iodine or of their compounds.

Bro`mo*i"o*dized (?), a. (Photog.) Treated with bromides and iodides.

Bro"mol (?), n. [Abbr. fr. tribromophenol.] (Pharm.) A crystalline substance (chemically, tribromophenol, C6H2Br3OH), used as an antiseptic and disinfectant.

Bron"to*graph (?), n. [Gr. &?; thunder + -graph.] (Meteor.) (a) A tracing or chart showing the phenomena attendant on thunderstorms. (b) An instrument for making such tracings, as a recording brontometer.

Bron*tom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. &?; thunder + -meter.] (Meteor.) An instrument for noting or recording phenomena attendant on thunderstorms.

Bronze steel. A hard tough alloy of tin, copper, and iron, which can be used for guns.

Brown race. The Malay or Polynesian race; -- loosely so called.

Brush, n. In Australia, a dense growth of vegetation in good soil, including shrubs and trees, mostly small.

Buc"can (?), n. [F. boucan. See Buccaneer.] 1. A wooden frame or grid for roasting, smoking, or drying meat over fire.

2. A place where meat is smoked.

3. Buccaned meat.

Buc"can, v. t. [F. boucaner. See Buccaneer.] To expose (meat) in strips to fire and smoke upon a buccan.

Bu*ceph"a*lus (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;, lit., ox-headed; &?; ox + &?; head.] 1. The celebrated war horse of Alexander the Great.

2. Hence, any riding horse. [Jocose] Sir W. Scott.

Buck"et (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bucketed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Bucketing.] 1. To draw or lift in, or as if in, buckets; as, to bucket water.

2. To pour over from a bucket; to drench.

3. To ride (a horse) hard or mercilessly.

4. (Rowing) To make, or cause to make (the recovery), with a certain hurried or unskillful forward swing of the body. [Eng.]

Buck fever. Intense excitement at the sight of deer or other game, such as often unnerves a novice in hunting. [Colloq.]

Bulb"il (?), n. [Dim. fr. bulb.] 1. (Bot.) A small or secondary bulb; hence, now almost exclusively: An aërial bulb or deciduous bud, produced in the leaf axils, as in the tiger lily, or relpacing the flowers, as in some onions, and capable, when separated, of propagating the plant; -- called also bulblet and brood bud.

2. (Anat.) A small hollow bulb, such as an enlargement in a small vessel or tube.

Bul"ger (?), n. [From Bulge.] (Golf) A driver or a brassy with a convex face.

Bull Moose. (U. S. Politics) (a) A follower of Theodore Roosevelt in the presidential campaign of 1912; - - a sense said to have originated from a remark made by Roosevelt on a certain occasion that he felt "like a bull moose." [Cant] (b) The figure of a bull moose used as the party symbol of the Progressive party in the presidential campaign of 1912. -- Bull Mooser. [Cant]

Bull"-roar`er (?), n. A contrivance consisting of a slat of wood tied to the end of a thong or string, with which the slat is whirled so as to cause an intermittent roaring noise. It is used as a toy, and among some races in certain religious rites.

{ Bul"ly (?), n., Bul"ly beef` (?) }. [F. bouilli boiled meat, fr. bouillir to boil. See Boil, v. The word bouilli was formerly commonly used on the labels of canned beef.] Pickled or canned beef.

||Bul"tong (?), n. Biltong.

Bum"ble*pup`py (?), n. [Origin unknown; cf. Bumble, n.] 1. The old game of nineholes.

2. (Card Playing) Whist played in an unscientific way.

||Bun"des*rath` (?), n. [G.; bund confederacy + rath council.] Lit., a federal council, esp. of the German Empire. See Legislature.

||Bun"des-Ver*samm"lung (?), n. [G.; bund confederacy + versammlung assembly.] See Legislature, Switzerland.

||Bun"do*bust (?), n. [Hind. & Per. bando-bast tying and binding.] System; discipline. [India]

He has more bundobust than most men.

Kipling.

Bun"ker (?), n. 1. A small sand hole or pit, as on a golf course. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

2. (Golf) Hence, any rough hazardous ground on the links; also, an artificial hazard with built-up faces.

Bun"ker, v. t. (Golf) To drive (the ball) into a bunker.

Bun"ko (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bunkoed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Bunkoing.] To swindle by a bunko game or scheme; to cheat or victimize in any similar way, as by a confidence game, passing a bad check, etc.

Bun"sen cell (?). (Elec.) A zinc-carbon cell in which the zinc (amalgamated) is surrounded by dilute sulphuric acid, and the carbon by nitric acid or a chromic acid mixture, the two plates being separated by a porous cup.

Bunt, n. A push or shove; a butt; specif. (Baseball), the act of bunting the ball.

Bunt, v. t. & i. (Baseball) To bat or tap (the ball) slowly within the infield by meeting it with the bat without swinging at it.

||Bur"schen*schaft` (?), n.; pl. -schaften (#). [G.] In Germany, any of various associations of university students formed (the original one at Jena in 1815) to support liberal ideas, or the organization formed by the affiliation of the local bodies. The organization was suppressed by the government in 1819, but was secretly revived, and is now openly maintained as a social organization, the restrictive laws having been repealed prior to 1849. -- Bur"schen*schaft`ler (#), -schaf`ter (#), n.

Bush"el (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Busheled (?), p. pr. & vb. n. Busheling.] [Cf. G. bosseln.] (Tailoring) To mend or repair, as men's garments; to repair garments. [U. S.]

||Bu"shi`do` (b"sh`d`), n. [Jap. bu military + shi knight + d way, doctrine, principle.] The unwritten code of moral principles regulating the actions of the Japanese knighthood, or Samurai; the chivalry of Japan.

Unformulated, Bushido was and still is the animating spirit, the motor force of our country.

Inazo Nitobé.

Busk (bsk), n. Among the Creek Indians, a feast of first fruits celebrated when the corn is ripe enough to be eaten. The feast usually continues four days. On the first day the new fire is lighted, by friction of wood, and distributed to the various households, an offering of green corn, including an ear brought from each of the four quarters or directions, is consumed, and medicine is brewed from snakeroot. On the second and third days the men physic with the medicine, the women bathe, the two sexes are taboo to one another, and all fast. On the fourth day there are feasting, dancing, and games.

Bu`tyl*am"ine (?), n. [Butyric + -yl + amine.] (Org. Chem.) A colorless liquid base, C4H9NH2, of which there are four isomeric varieties.

Bu"ty*ryl (?), n. [Butyric + -yl.] (Chem.) The radical (C4H7O) of butyric acid.