Chapter 1

4. To agitate; to make restless.

Calm region once, And full of peace, now tossed and turbulent.

Milton.

5. Hence, to try; to harass.

Whom devils fly, thus is he tossed of men.

Herbert.

6. To keep in play; to tumble over; as, to spend four years in tossing the rules of grammar. [Obs.] Ascham.

To toss off, to drink hastily. — To toss the cars.See under Oar, n.

Toss, v. i. 1. To roll and tumble; to be in violent commotion; to write; to fling.

To toss and fling, and to be restless, only frets and enreges our pain.

Tillotson.

2. To be tossed, as a fleet on the ocean. Shak.

To toss for, to throw dice or a coin to determine the possession of; to gamble for. — To toss up, to throw a coin into the air, and wager on which side it will fall, or determine a question by its fall. Bramsion.

Toss, n. 1. A throwing upward, or with a jerk; the act of tossing; as, the toss of a ball.

2. A throwing up of the head; a particular manner of raising the head with a jerk. Swift.

Tos"sel (?), n. See Tassel.

Toss"er (?), n. Ohe who tosser. J. Fletcher.

Toss"i*ly (?), adv. In a tossy manner. [R.]

Toss"ing, n. 1. The act of throwing upward; a rising and falling suddenly; a rolling and tumbling.

2. (Mining) (a) A process which consists in washing ores by violent agitation in water, in order to separate the lighter or earhy particles; — called also tozing, and treloobing, in Cornwall. Pryce. (b) A process for refining tin by dropping it through the air while melted.

Toss"pot` (?), n. A toper; one habitually given to strong drink; a drunkard. Shak.

Toss"y (?), a. Tossing the head, as in scorn or pride; hence, proud; contemptuous; scornful; affectedly indifferent; as, a tossy commonplace. [R.] C. Kingsley.

Tost (?), imp. & p. p. of Toss.

||Tos"to (?), a. [It.] (Mus.) Quick; rapid. || ||Pui tosto (&?;) [It.] (Mus.), faster; more rapid. || To*swink" (?), v. i. [Pref. to- + swink.] To labor excessively. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Tot (?), n. [Cf. Toddle, Tottle, Totter.] 1. Anything small; — frequently applied as a term of endearment to a little child.

2. A drinking cup of small size, holding about half a pint. [Prov.Eng.] Halliwell.

3. A foolish fellow. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

To"ta (?), n. [From the native name in Egypt.] (Zoöl.) The grivet.

To"tal (?), a. [F., fr. LL. totalis, fr. L. tolus all,whole. Cf. Factotum, Surtout, Teetotum.] Whole; not divided; entire; full; complete; absolute; as, a total departure from the evidence; a total loss. " Total darkness." "To undergo myself the total crime." Milton.

Total abstinence. See Abstinence, n., 1. — Total depravity. (Theol.) See Original sin, under Original.

Whole; entire; complete. See Whole.

To"tal, n. The whole; the whole sum or amount; as, these sums added make the grand total of five millions.

To*tal"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. totalite, LL. totalitas.] 1. The quality or state of being total; as, the totality of an eclipse.

2. The whole sum; the whole quantity or amount; the entirety; as, the totalityof human knowledge. Buckle.

The totality of a sentence or passage.

Coleridge.

To"tal*ize (?), v. t. To make total, or complete;to reduce to completeness. Coleridge.

To"tal*ly, adv. In a total manner; wholly; entirely.

To"tal*ness, n. The quality or state of being total; entireness; totality.

Tote (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Toted; p. pr. & vb. n. Toting.] [Said to be of African origin.] To carry or bear; as, to tote a child over a stream; — a colloquial word of the Southern States, and used esp. by negroes.

Tote, n. [L. totum, fr. totus all, whole.] The entire body, or all; as, the whole tote. [Colloq.]

To*tear" (?), v. t. [Pref. to- + tear. ] To tear or rend in pieces. [Obs.] Chaucer.

To"tem (?), n. [Massachusetts Indian wutohtimoin that to which a person or place belongs.] A rude picture, as of a bird, beast, or the like, used by the North American Indians as a symbolic designation, as of a family or a clan.

And they painted on the grave posts Of the graves, yet unforgotten, Each his own ancestral totem Each the symbol of his household; Figures of the bear and reindeer, Of the turtle, crane, and beaver.

Longfellow.

The totem,the clan deity, the beast or bird who in some supernatural way attends to the clan and watches over it.

Bagehot.

To*tem"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to a totem, or totemism.

To"tem*ism (?), n. 1. The system of distinguishing families, clans, etc., in a tribe by the totem.

2. Superstitious regard for a totem; the worship of any real or imaginary object; nature worship. Tylor.

To"tem*ist, n. One belonging to a clan or tribe having a totem. — To`tem*is"tic (#), a.

Tot"er (?), n. [See Tote to carry.] (Zoöl.) The stone roller. See Stone roller (a), under Stone.

T'oth"er (?). A colloquial contraction of the other, and formerly a contraction for that other. See the Note under That, 2.

The tothir that was crucifield with him.

Wyclif(John xix. 32)

To`ti*pal"mate (?), a. [L. totus all, whole + E. palmate.] (Zoöl.) Having all four toes united by a web; — said of certain sea birds, as the pelican and the gannet. See Illust. under Aves.

||To`ti*pal"mi (?), n. pl. [NL.,from L. totus all, whole + palmus ||palm.] (Zoöl.) A division of swimming birds including those that have ||totipalmate feet. || To`ti*pres"ence (?), n. [L. totus all, whole + E. presence.] Omnipresence. [Obs.] A. Tucker.

To`ti*pres"ent (?), a. [L. totus all, whole + E. present.] Omnipresent. [Obs.] A. Tucker.

Tot"ter (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tottered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tottering.] [Probably for older tolter; cf. AS. tealtrian to totter, vacillate. Cf.Tilt to incline, Toddle, Tottle, Totty.] 1. To shake so as to threaten a fall; to vacillate; to be unsteady; to stagger; as, an old man totters with age. "As a bowing wall shall ye be, and as a tottering fence." Ps. lxii. 3.

2. To shake; to reel; to lean; to waver.

Troy nods from high, and totters to her fall.

Dryden.

Tot"ter*er (?), n. One who totters.

Tot"ter*ing*ly, adv. In a tottering manner.

Tot"ter*y (?), a. Trembling or vaccilating, as if about to fall; unsteady; shaking. Johnson.

Tot"tle (tt"t'l), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tottled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tottling.] [See Toddle, Totter.] To walk in a wavering, unsteady manner; to toddle; to topple. [Colloq.]

Tot"tlish (-tlsh), a. Trembling or tottering, as if about to fall; unsteady. [Colloq. U. S.]

Tot"ty (?), a. [OE. toti. Cf. Totter.] Unsteady; dizzy; tottery. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Sir W. Scott.

For yet his noule [head] was totty of the must.

Spenser.

Tot"y (?), a. Totty. [Obs.]

My head is toty of my swink to-night.

Chaucer.

To"ty (?), n. A sailor or fisherman; — so called in some parts of the Pacific.

Tou"can (t"kn; 277), n. [F., fr. Pg. tucano; from Brazilian name. ] 1. (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of fruit-eating birds of tropical America belonging to Ramphastos, Pteroglossus, and allied genera of the family Ramphastidæ. They have a very large, but light and thin, beak, often nearly as long as the body itself. Most of the species are brilliantly colored with red, yellow, white, and black in striking contrast.

2. (Astronom.) A modern constellation of the southern hemisphere.

Tou"can*et (?), n. (Zoöl.) A small toucan.

Touch (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Touched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Touching.] [F. toucher, OF. touchier, tuchier; of Teutonic origin; cf. OHG. zucchen, zukken, to twitch, pluck, draw, G. zukken, zukken, v. intens. fr. OHG. ziohan to draw, G. ziehen, akin to E. tug. See Tuck, v. t., Tug, and cf. Tocsin, Toccata.] 1. To come in contact with; to hit or strike lightly against; to extend the hand, foot, or the like, so as to reach or rest on.

Him thus intent Ithuriel with his spear Touched lightly.

Milton.

2. To perceive by the sense of feeling.

Nothing but body can be touched or touch.

Greech.

3. To come to; to reach; to attain to.

The god, vindictive, doomed them never more- Ah, men unblessed! — to touch their natal shore.

Pope.

4. To try; to prove, as with a touchstone. [Obs.]

Wherein I mean to touch your love indeed.

Shak.

5. To relate to; to concern; to affect.

The quarrel toucheth none but us alone.

Shak.

6. To handle, speak of, or deal with; to treat of.

Storial thing that toucheth gentilesse.

Chaucer.

7. To meddle or interfere with; as, I have not touched the books. Pope.

8. To affect the senses or the sensibility of; to move; to melt; to soften.

What of sweet before Hath touched my sense, flat seems to this and harsh.

Milton.

The tender sire was touched with what he said.

Addison.

9. To mark or delineate with touches; to add a slight stroke to with the pencil or brush.

The lines, though touched but faintly, are drawn right.

Pope.

10. To infect; to affect slightly. Bacon.

11. To make an impression on; to have effect upon.

Its face . . . so hard that a file will not touch it.

Moxon.

12. To strike; to manipulate; to play on; as, to touch an instrument of music.

[They] touched their golden harps.

Milton.

13. To perform, as a tune; to play.

A person is the royal retinue touched a light and lively air on the flageolet.

Sir W. Scott.

14. To influence by impulse; to impel forcibly. " No decree of mine, . . . [to] touch with lightest moment of impulse his free will," Milton.

15. To harm, afflict, or distress.

Let us make a covenant with thee, that thou wilt do us no hurt, as we have not touched thee.

Gen. xxvi. 28, 29.

16. To affect with insanity, especially in a slight degree; to make partially insane; — rarely used except in the past participle.

She feared his head was a little touched.

Ld. Lytton.

17. (Geom.) To be tangent to. See Tangent, a.

18. To lay a hand upon for curing disease.

To touch a sail (Naut.), to bring it so close to the wind that its weather leech shakes. — To touch the wind (Naut.), to keep the ship as near the wind as possible. — To touch up, to repair; to improve by touches or emendation.

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Touch (?), v. i. 1. To be in contact; to be in a state of junction, so that no space is between; as, two spheres touch only at points. Johnson.

2. To fasten; to take effect; to make impression. [R.]

Strong waters pierce metals, and will touch upon gold, that will not touch upon silver.

Bacon.

3. To treat anything in discourse, especially in a slight or casual manner; — often with on or upon.

If the antiquaries have touched upon it, they immediately quitted it.

Addison.

4. (Naut) To be brought, as a sail, so close to the wind that its weather leech shakes.

To touch and go (Naut.), to touch bottom lightly and without damage, as a vessel in motion. — To touch at, to come or go to, without tarrying; as, the ship touched at Lisbon. — To touch on or upon, to come or go to for a short time. [R.]

I made a little voyage round the lake, and touched on the several towns that lie on its coasts.

Addison.

Touch, n. [Cf. F. touche. See Touch, v. ] 1. The act of touching, or the state of being touched; contact.

Their touch affrights me as a serpent's sting.

Shak.

2. (Physiol.) The sense by which pressure or traction exerted on the skin is recognized; the sense by which the properties of bodies are determined by contact; the tactile sense. See Tactile sense, under Tactile.

The spider's touch, how exquisitely fine.

Pope.

Pure tactile feelings are necessarily rare, since temperature sensations and muscular sensations are more or less combined with them. The organs of touch are found chiefly in the epidermis of the skin and certain underlying nervous structures.

3. Act or power of exciting emotion.

Not alone The death of Fulvia, with more urgent touches, Do strongly speak to us.

Shak.

4. An emotion or affection.

A true, natural, and a sensible touch of mercy.

Hooker.

5. Personal reference or application. [Obs.]

Speech of touch toward others should be sparingly used.

Bacon.

6. A stroke; as, a touch of raillery; a satiric touch; hence, animadversion; censure; reproof.

I never bare any touch of conscience with greater regret.

Eikon Basilike.

7. A single stroke on a drawing or a picture.

Never give the least touch with your pencil till you have well examined your design.

Dryden.

8. Feature; lineament; trait.

Of many faces, eyes, and hearts, To have the touches dearest prized.

Shak.

9. The act of the hand on a musical instrument; bence, in the plural, musical notes.

Soft stillness and the night Become the touches of sweet harmony.

Shak.

10. A small quantity intermixed; a little; a dash.

Eyes La touch of Sir Peter Lely in them.

Hazlitt.

Madam, I have a touch of your condition.

Shak.

11. A hint; a suggestion; slight notice.

A small touch will put him in mind of them.

Bacon.

12. A slight and brief essay. [Colloq.]

Print my preface in such form as, in the booksellers' phrase, will make a sixpenny touch.

Swift.

13. A touchstone; hence, stone of the sort used for touchstone. [Obs.] " Now do I play the touch." Shak.

A neat new monument of touch and alabaster.

Fuller.

14. Hence, examination or trial by some decisive standard; test; proof; tried quality.

Equity, the true touch of all laws.

Carew.

Friends of noble touch .

Shak.

15. (Mus.) The particular or characteristic mode of action, or the resistance of the keys of an instrument to the fingers; as, a heavy touch, or a light touch; also, the manner of touching, striking, or pressing the keys of a piano; as, a legato touch; a staccato touch.

16. (Shipbilding) The broadest part of a plank worked top and but (see Top and but, under Top, n.), or of one worked anchor-stock fashion (that is, tapered from the middle to both ends); also, the angles of the stern timbers at the counters. J. Knowles.

17. (Football) That part of the field which is beyond the line of flags on either side. Encyc. of Rural Sports.

18. A boys' game; tag.

In touch (Football), outside of bounds. T. Hughes. — To be in touch, to be in contact, or in sympathy. — To keep touch. (a) To be true or punctual to a promise or engagement [Obs.]; hence, to fulfill duly a function.

My mind and senses keep touch and time.

Sir W. Scott.

(b) To keep in contact; to maintain connection or sympathy; — with with or of. — Touch and go, a phrase descriptive of a narrow escape. — True as touch (i. e., touchstone), quite true. [Obs.]

Touch"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being touched; tangible. — Touch"a*ble*ness, n.

Touch"back` (?), n. (G) The act of touching the football down by a player behind his own goal line when it received its last impulse from an opponent; — distinguished from safety touchdown.

Touch"-box` (?), n. A box containing lighted tinder, formerly carried by soldiers who used matchlocks, to kindle the match.

Touch"down` (?), n. (Football) The act of touching the football down behind the opponents' goal .

Safety touchdown. See under Safety.

Touch"hole` (?), n. The vent of a cannot or other firearm, by which fire is communicateed to the powder of the charge.

Touch"i*ly (?), adv. In a touchy manner.

Touch"i*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being touchy peevishness; irritability; irascibility.

Touch"ing (?), a. Affecting; moving; pathetic; as, a touching tale. — Touch"ing*ly (#), adv.

Touch"ing, prep. Concerning; with respect to.

Now, as touching things offered unto idols.

1 Cor. viii. 1.

Touch"ing, n. The sense or act of feeling; touch.

Touch"-me-not` (?), n. (Bot.) (a) See Impatiens. (b) Squirting cucumber. See under Cucumber.

Touch"-nee`dle (?), n. (Metal.) A small bar of gold and silver, either pure, or alloyed in some known proportion with copper, for trying the purity of articles of gold or silver by comparison of the streaks made by the article and the bar on a touchstone.

Touch"-pa`per (?), n. Paper steeped in saltpeter, which burns slowly, and is used as a match for firing gunpowder, and the like.

Touch"stone` (?), n. 1. (Min.) Lydian stone; basanite; — so called because used to test the purity of gold and silver by the streak which is left upon the stone when it is rubbed by the metal. See Basanite.

2. Fig.: Any test or criterion by which the qualities of a thing are tried. Hooker.

The foregoing doctrine affords us also a touchstone for the trial of spirits.

South.

Irish touchstone (Min.), basalt, the stone which composes the Giant's Causeway.

Touch"wood` (?), n. [Probably for tachwood; OE. tache tinder (of uncertain origin) + wood.]

1. Wood so decayed as to serve for tinder; spunk, or punk.

2. Dried fungi used as tinder; especially, the Polyporus igniarius.

Touch"y (?), a. [For techy, tetchy.] Peevish; irritable; irascible; techy; apt to take fire. [Colloq.]

It may be said of Dryden that he was at no time touchy about personal attacks.

Saintsbury.

Tough (?), a. [Compar. Tougher (?); superl. Toughest.] [OE. tough, AS. th, akin to D. taai, LG. taa, tage, tau, OHG. zhi, G. zähe, and also to AS. getenge near to, close to, oppressive, OS. bitengi.] 1. Having the quality of flexibility without brittleness; yielding to force without breaking; capable of resisting great strain; as, the ligaments of animals are remarkably tough. "Tough roots and stubs. " Milton.

2. Not easily broken; able to endure hardship; firm; strong; as, tough sinews. Cowper.

A body made of brass, the crone demands, . . . Tough to the last, and with no toil to tire.

Dryden.

The basis of his character was caution combined with tough tenacity of purpose.

J. A. Symonds.

3. Not easily separated; viscous; clammy; tenacious; as, tough phlegm.

4. Stiff; rigid; not flexible; stubborn; as, a tough bow.

So tough a frame she could not bend.

Dryden.

5. Severe; violent; as, a tough storm. [Colloq.] " A tough debate. " Fuller.

To make it tough, to make it a matter of difficulty; to make it a hard matter. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Tough"-cake` (?), n. See Tough- pitch (b).

Tough"en (?), v. i. & t. [imp. & p. p. Toughened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Toughening.] To grow or make tough, or tougher.

Tough"-head` (?), n. (Zoöl.) The ruddy duck. [ Local U. S. ]

Tough"ish, a. Tough in a slight degree.

Tough"ly, adv. In a tough manner.

Tough"ness, n. The quality or state of being tough.

Tough"-pitch` (?), n. (Metal.) (a) The exact state or quality of texture and consistency of well reduced and refined copper. (b) Copper so reduced; — called also tough-cake.

Tou"ite (?), n. The wood warbler. [Prov. Eng.]

{ Tou*pee" (?; 277), Tou*pet" (?; 277) } (?), n. [F. toupet, dim. of OF. top a tuft; of Teutonic origin, and akin to E. top. See Top apex, and cf. Topet.]

1. A little tuft; a curl or artificial lock of hair.

2. A small wig, or a toppiece of a wig.

Her powdered hair is turned backward over a toupee.

G. Eliot.

Tou"pet*tit (?), n. [See Topet, toupee.] (Zoöl.) The crested titmouse. [Prov. Eng.]

Tour (?), n. [F. tour. See Tower.] A tower. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Tour (?), n. [F. tour. See Turn, v. t.] 1. A going round; a circuit; hence, a journey in a circuit; a prolonged circuitous journey; a comprehensive excursion; as, the tour of Europe; the tour of France or England.

The bird of Jove stooped from his airy tour.

Milton.

2. A turn; a revolution; as, the tours of the heavenly bodies. [Obs.] Blackmore.

3. (Mil.) anything done successively, or by regular order; a turn; as, a tour of duty.

Syn. — Journey; excursion. See Journey.

Tour (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Toured (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Touring.] To make a tourm; as, to tour throught a country. T. Hughes.

Tou*ra"co (?), n. (Zoöl.) Same as Turacou.

Tour*bil"lion (?), n. [F. torbillion a whirlwind, tourbillion, fr. L. turbo, -inis, a whirl, whirlwind.] An ornamental firework which turns round, when in the air, so as to form a scroll of fire. G. Francis.

Tour"ist (?), n. One who makes a tour, or performs a journey in a circuit.

Tour"ma*line (?), n. [F. tourmaline, cf. It. turmalina, tormalina, NL. turmalina, turmalinus; all fr. tournamal, a name given to this stone in Ceylon.] (Min.) A mineral occurring usually in three-sided or six-sided prisms terminated by rhombohedral or scalenohedral planes. Black tourmaline (schorl) is the most common variety, but there are also other varieties, as the blue (indicolite), red (rubellite), also green, brown, and white. The red and green varieties when transparent are valued as jewels. [Written also turmaline .]

Crystals of tourmaline when heated exhibit electric polarity (see Pyroelectric, n.). Tourmaline is also used in the form of a polariscope called tourmaline tongs.

Tourn (?), n. [See Turn] 1. A spinning wheel. [Prov. Eng.]

2. (O.Eng.Law) The sheriff's turn, or court.

Tour"na*ment (?), n. [OE. turnement, tornement, OF. torneiement, tornoiement, F. tournoiement a turning or wheeling round. See Tourney.] 1. A mock fight, or warlike game, formerly in great favor, in which a number of combatants were engaged, as an exhibition of their address and bravery; hence, figuratively, a real battle. "In battle and in tourneyment." Chaucer.

With cruel tournament the squadrons join.

Milton.

It different from the joust, which was a trial of skill between one man and another.

2. Any contest of skill in which there are many contestents for championship; as, a chess tournament.

Tourn"er*y (?), n. Work turned on a lathe; turnery. [Obs.] See Turnery. Evelyn.

Tour"ney (?), n. [OF. tornei, tornoi, F. tournoi, fr. OF. torneier, tornoier, tournoier, to tit, to tourney, F. tournoyer to turn round and round. See Turn, v. t.] A tournament. Bacon.

At tilt or tourney or like warlike game.

Spenser.

We hold a tourney here to-morrow morn, And there is scantly time for half the work.

Tennyson.

Tour"ney, v. i. [Cf.OF. torneier. See Tourney, n. ] To perform in tournaments; to tilt.

Well could he tourney, and in lists debate.

Spenser.

Tour"ni*quet (?), n. [F., fr. tourner to turn.] (Surg.) An instrument for arresting hemorrhage. It consists essentially of a pad or compress upon which pressure is made by a band which is tightened by a screw or other means.

||Tour`nois" (?), n. [F., belonging to Tours in France.] A former ||French money of account worth 20 sous, or a franc. It was thus called ||in distinction from the Paris livre, which contained 25 sous. || ||Tour*nure" (?), n. [F., fr. tourner to turn.] || 1. Turn; contour; figure.

2. Any device used by women to expand the skirt of a dress below the waist; a bustle.

{ Touse, Touze (?) }, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Toused (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tousing.] [OE. tosen √64. See tease, and cf. Tose, Toze. ] To pull; to haul; to tear; to worry. [Prov. Eng.] Shak.

As a bear, whom angry curs have touzed.

Spenser.

Touse (?), n. A pulling; a disturbance. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Tous"el (?), v. t. Same as Tousle. [Colloq.]

Tous"er (?), n. One who touses. [Prov. Eng.]

Tou"sle (?), v. t. [Freq. of touse. Cf.Tossle.] To put into disorder; to tumble; to touse. [Colloq.]

Tous`-les`-mois" (?), n. [F., all the months, i.e., every month.] A kind of starch with very large, oval, flattened grains, often sold as arrowroot, and extensively used for adulterating cocoa. It is made from the rootstocks of a species of Canna, probably C. edulis, the tubers of which are edible every month in the year.

Tout (tt), v. i. [See 1st Toot.] 1. To act as a tout. See 2d Tout. [Cant. Eng.]

2. To ply or seek for customers. [Prov. Eng.]

Tout, n. One who secretly watches race horses which are in course of training, to get information about their capabilities, for use in betting. [Cant. Eng.]

Tout, v. i. [See 3d Toot. ] To toot a horn.

Tout, n. The anus. [Obs.] Chaucer.

||Tout`-en`sem"ble (?), n. [F.] All together; hence, in costume, the ||fine arts, etc., the general effect of a work as a whole, without ||regard to the execution of the separate perts. || Tout"er (?), n. One who seeks customers, as for an inn, a public conveyance, shops, and the like: hence, an obtrusive candidate for office. [Colloq.]

The prey of ring droppers, . . . duffers, touters, or any of those bloodless sharpers who are, perhaps, better known to the police.

Dickens.

Touze (?), v.t & i. See Touse. [Prov. Eng.]

Tow (?), n. [OE. tow, AS. tow, akin to OD. touw, Icel. &?; a tuft of wool for spinning; cf. E. taw, v.t.] The coarse and broken part of flax or hemp, separated from the finer part by the hatchel or swingle.

Tow, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Towed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Towing.] [OE. towen, to&?;en; akin to OFries. toga to pull about, OHG. zogn, Icel. toga, AS. tohline a towline, and AS.teón to draw, p. p. getogen. See Tug] To draw or pull through the water, as a vessel of any kind, by means of a rope.

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Tow (?), n. [Cf. Icel. taug a rope, from the same root as E. tow, v. t.] 1. A rope by which anything is towed; a towline, or towrope.

2. The act of towing, or the state of being towed; —chiefly used in the phrase, to take in tow, that is to tow.

3. That which is towed, or drawn by a towline, as a barge, raft, collection of boats, ect.

Tow"age (?), n. [From Tow, v. Cf. F. touage.] 1. The act of towing.

2. The price paid for towing.

Tow"all (?), n. A towel. [Obs.] Chaucer.

{ To"ward, To"wards } (?), prep.[AS. &?; impending, imminent, future, toward, &?; towards. See To, and -ward, wards.] 1. In the direction of; to.

He set his face toward the wilderness.

Num. xxiv. 1.

The waves make towards\'b6 the pebbled shore.

Shak.

2. With direction to, in a moral sense; with respect or reference to; regarding; concerning.

His eye shall be evil toward his brother.

Deut. xxviii. 54.

Herein do I exercise myself, to have always a conscience void of offense toward God, and toward men.

Acts xxiv. 16.

3. Tending to; in the direction of; in behalf of.

This was the first alarm England received towards any trouble.

Clarendom.

4. Near; about; approaching to.

I am toward nine years older since I left you.

Swift.

{ To"ward, To"wards } adv. Near; at hand; in state of preparation.

Do you hear sught, sir, of a battle toward ?

Shak.

We have a trifling foolish banquet Towards.

Shak.

To"ward (?), a. [AS. &?;. See Toward, prep.] 1. Approaching; coming near. "His toward peril." Spenser.

2. Readly to do or learn; compliant with duty; not froward; apt; docile; tractable; as, a toward youth.

3. Ready to act; forward; bold; valiant.

Why, that is spoken like a toward prince.

Shak.

To"ward*li*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being towardly; docility; tractableness.

The beauty and towardliness of these children moved her brethren to envy.

Sir W. Raleigh.

To"ward*ly, a. Same as Toward, a., 2.

He's towardly and will come on apace.

Dryden.

To"ward*ness, n. Quality or state of being toward.

To"wards (&?;), prep. & adv. See Toward.

Tow"boat` (?), n. 1. A vessel constructed for being towed, as a canal boat.

2. A steamer used for towing other vessels; a tug.

Tow"el (?), n. [OE. towaille, towail, F. touaille, LL. toacula, of Teutonic origin; cf. OHG. dwahila, swahilla, G. zwehle, fr. OHG. dwahan to wash; akin to D. dwaal a towel, AS. þweán to wash, OS. thwahan, Icel. þv, Sw. två, Dan. toe, Goth. þwahan. Cf. Doily.] A cloth used for wiping, especially one used for drying anything wet, as the person after a bath.

Towel gourd (Bot.), the fruit of the cucurbitaceous plant Luffa Ægyptiaca; also, the plant itself. The fruit is very fibrous, and, when separated from its rind and seeds, is used as a sponge or towel. Called also Egyptian bath sponge, and dishcloth.

Tow"el, v. t. To beat with a stick. [Prov. Eng.]

Tow"el*ing, n. Cloth for towels, especially such as is woven in long pieces to be cut at will, as distinguished from that woven in towel lengths with borders, etc. [Written also towelling.]

Tow"er (?), n. [OE. tour,tor,tur, F. tour, L. turris; akin to Gr. &?;; cf. W. twr a tower, Ir. tor a castle, Gael. torr a tower, castle. Cf. Tor, Turret.] 1. (Arch.) (a) A mass of building standing alone and insulated, usually higher than its diameter, but when of great size not always of that proportion. (b) A projection from a line of wall, as a fortification, for purposes of defense, as a flanker, either or the same height as the curtain wall or higher. (c) A structure appended to a larger edifice for a special purpose, as for a belfry, and then usually high in proportion to its width and to the height of the rest of the edifice; as, a church tower.

2. A citadel; a fortress; hence, a defense.

Thou hast been a shelter for me, and a strong tower from the enemy.

Ps. lxi. 3.

3. A headdress of a high or towerlike form, fashionable about the end of the seventeenth century and until 1715; also, any high headdress.

Lay trains of amorous intrigues In towers, and curls, and periwigs.

Hudibras.

4. High flight; elevation. [Obs.] Johnson.

Gay Lussac's tower (Chem.), a large tower or chamber used in the sulphuric acid process, to absorb (by means of concentrated acid) the spent nitrous fumes that they may be returned to the Glover's tower to be reemployed. See Sulphuric acid, under Sulphuric, and Glover's tower, below. — Glover's tower (Chem.), a large tower or chamber used in the manufacture of sulphuric acid, to condense the crude acid and to deliver concentrated acid charged with nitrous fumes. These fumes, as a catalytic, effect the conversion of sulphurous to sulphuric acid. See Sulphuric acid, under Sulphuric, and Gay Lussac's tower, above. — Round tower. See under Round, a. — Shot tower. See under Shot. — Tower bastion (Fort.), a bastion of masonry, often with chambers beneath, built at an angle of the interior polygon of some works. — Tower mustard (Bot.), the cruciferous plant Arabis perfoliata. — Tower of London, a collection of buildings in the eastern part of London, formerly containing a state prison, and now used as an arsenal and repository of various objects of public interest.

Tow"er (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. towered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. towering.] To rise and overtop other objects; to be lofty or very high; hence, to soar.

On the other side an high rock towered still.

Spenser.

My lord protector's hawks do tower so well.

Shak.

Tow"er, v. t. To soar into. [Obs.] Milton.

Tow"ered (?), a. Adorned or defended by towers.

Towered cities please us then.

Milton.

Tow"er*ing (?), a. 1. Very high; elevated; rising aloft; as, a towering height. Pope.

2. Hence, extreme; violent; surpassing.

A man agitated by a towering passion.

Sir W. Scott.

Tow"er*y (?), a. Having towers; adorned or defended by towers. [R.] "Towery cities." Pope.

Tow"-head` (?), n. 1. An urchin who has soft, whitish hair. [Colloq.]

2. (Zoöl.) The hooded merganser. [ Local, U. S. ]

To*whee" (?), n. (Zoöl.) The chewink.

To*wil"ly (?), n. (Zoöl.) The sanderling; — so called from its cry. [Prov. Eng.]

Tow"line` (?), n. [AS. tohline. See Tow, v. t., and Line. ] (Naut.) A line used to tow vessels; a towrope.

Town (?), n. [OE. toun, tun, AS. tun inclosure, fence, village, town; akin to D. tuin a garden, G. zaun a hadge, fence, OHG. zun, Icel. tun an inclosure, homestead, house, Ir. & Gael. dun a fortress, W. din. Cf. Down, adv. & prep., Dune, tine to inclose.] 1. Formerly: (a) An inclosure which surrounded the mere homestead or dwelling of the lord of the manor. [Obs.] (b) The whole of the land which constituted the domain. [Obs.] (c) A collection of houses inclosed by fences or walls. [Obs.] Palsgrave.

2. Any number or collection of houses to which belongs a regular market, and which is not a city or the see of a bishop. [Eng.] Johnson.

3. Any collection of houses larger than a village, and not incorporated as a city; also, loosely, any large, closely populated place, whether incorporated or not, in distinction from the country, or from rural communities.

God made the country, and man made the town.

Cowper.

4. The body of inhabitants resident in a town; as, the town voted to send two representatives to the legislature; the town voted to lay a tax for repairing the highways.

5. A township; the whole territory within certain limits, less than those of a country. [U. S.]

6. The court end of London;— commonly with the.

7. The metropolis or its inhabitants; as, in winter the gentleman lives in town; in summer, in the country.

Always hankering after the diversions of the town.

Addison.

Stunned with his giddy larum half the town.

Pope.

The same form of expressions is used in regard to other populous towns.

8. A farm or farmstead; also, a court or farmyard. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

Town is often used adjectively or in combination with other words; as, town clerk, or town-clerk; town- crier, or town crier; townhall, town-hall, or town hall; townhouse, town house, or town- house.

Syn. — Village; hamlet. See Village.

Town clerk, an office who keeps the records of a town, and enters its official proceedings. See Clerk. — Town cress (Bot.), the garden cress, or peppergrass. Dr. Prior. — Town house. (a) A house in town, in distinction from a house in the country. (b) See Townhouse. — Town meeting, a legal meeting of the inhabitants of a town entitled to vote, for the transaction of public bisiness. [U. S.] — Town talk, the common talk of a place; the subject or topic of common conversation.

Town"-cri`er (?), n. A town officer who makes proclamations to the people; the public crier of a town.

Towned (?), a. Having towns; containing many towns. [Obs.] Hakluyt.

Town"hall` (?), n. A public hall or building, belonging to a town, where the public offices are established, the town council meets, the people assemble in town meeting, etc.

Town"house` (?), n. A building devoted to the public used of a town; a townhall.

Town"ish, a. Of or pertaining to the inhabitants of a town; like the town. [R.] Turbervile.

Town"less, a. Having no town. Howell.

Town"let (?), n. A small town. North Brit. Rev.

Towns"folk` (?), n. The people of a town; especially, the inhabitants of a city, in distinction from country people; townspeople.

Town"ship (?), n. 1. The district or territory of a town.

In the United States, many of the States are divided into townships of five, six, seven, or perhaps ten miles square, and the inhabitants of such townships are invested with certain powers for regulating their own affairs, such as repairing roads and providing for the poor. The township is subordinate to the county.

2. In surveys of the public land of the United States, a division of territory six miles square, containing 36 sections.

3. In Canada, one of the subdivisions of a county.

Towns"man (tounz"man), n.; pl. Townsmen (-mn).

1. An inhabitant of a town; one of the same town with another. Pope.

2. A selectman, in New England. See Selectman.

Towns"peo`ple (?), n. The inhabitants of a town or city, especially in distinction from country people; townsfolk.

{ Town"ward, Town"wards (?), } (?), adv. Toward a town. Longfellow.

Tow"path` (?), n. A path traveled by men or animals in towing boats; — called also towing path.

Tow"rope` (?), n. A rope used in towing vessels.

Tow"ser (tou"zr), n. [See Touse to pull about. ] A familiar name for a dog. [ Written also Towzer. ]

Tow"y (t"), a. Composed of, or like, tow.

||Tox*æ"mi*a (tks""m*), a. [NL., fr. Gr. toxiko`n poison + a"i^ma ||blood.] (Med.) Blood poisoning. See under Blood. || { Tox"ic, Tox"ic*al } (?), a. [L. toxicum poison, originally, a poison in which arrows were dipped, Gr. toxiko`n (sc. &?;) poison for smearing arrows with, fr. toxiko`s of or for the bow, from to`xon bow, arrow. Cf. Intoxicate.] Of or pertaining to poison; poisonous; as, toxic medicines.

Tox"i*cant (?), n. A poisonous agent or drug, as opium; an intoxicant.

Tox`i*co*log"ic*al (?), a. [Cf.F. toxicologique. ] Of or pertaining to toxicology. — Tox`i*co*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

Tox`i*col"o*gist (?), n. One versed in toxicology; the writer of a treatise on poisons.

Tox`i*col"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. toxiko`n poison + -logy; cf. F. toxicologie. See Toxic. ] The science which treats of poisons, their effects, antidotes, and recognition; also, a discourse or treatise on the science.

Tox`i*co*ma"ni*a (?), n. [See. Toxic, and Mania.] 1. (Med.) Toxiphobia. A. S. Taylor.

2. (Med.) An insane desire for intoxicating or poisonous drugs, as alcohol or opium. B. W. Richardson.

||Tox*if"e*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. to`xon a bow + L. ferre to ||bear.] (Zoöl.) Same as Toxoglossa. || { Tox"in, Tox"ine } (?), n. [Gr. toxiko`n. See Toxic. ] A poisonous product formed by pathogenic bacteria, as a toxic proteid or poisonous ptomaine. [1913 Webster]

||Tox`i*pho"bi*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. toxiko`n poison + fo`bos fear.] ||(Med.) An insane or greatly exaggerated dread of poisons. || Tox"o*don (?), n. [Gr. to`xon a bow + &?;, &?;, a tooth.] (Paleon.) A gigantic extinct herbivorous mammal from South America, having teeth bent like a bow. It is the type of the order Toxodonta.

||Tox`o*don"ta (?), n.pl. [NL.] (Paleon.) An extinct order of Mammalia ||found in the South American Tertiary formation. The incisor teeth ||were long and curved and provided with a persistent pulp. They are ||supposed to be related both to the rodents and ungulates. Called also ||Toxodontia. || ||Tox`o*glos"sa (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. to`xon a bow + &?; tongue.] ||(Zoöl.) A division of marine gastropod mollusks in which the radula ||are converted into poison fangs. The cone shells (Conus), Pleurotoma, ||and Terebra, are examples. See Illust. of Cone, n., 4, Pleurotoma, ||and Terebra. || Tox*oph"i*lite (?), n. [Gr. to`xon a bow + filei^n to love.] A lover of archery; one devoted to archery.

||Tox"o*tes (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; an archer.] (Zoöl.) A genus of ||fishes comprising the archer fishes. See Archer fish. || Toy (toi), n. [D. tuid tools, implements, stuff, trash, speeltuig playthings, toys; akin to G. zeug stuff, materials, MNG. ziuc, Icel. tygi gear; all ultimately from the root of E. tug, v. t.; cf. G. zeugen to beget, MHG. ziugen to beget, make ready, procure. See Tug, v. t.]

1. A plaything for children; a bawble. Cowper.

2. A thing for amusement, but of no real value; an article of trade of little value; a trifle.

They exchange for knives, glasses, and such toys, great abundance of gold and pearl.

Abr. Abbot.

3. A wild fancy; an odd conceit; idle sport; folly; trifling opinion.

To fly about playing their wanton toys.

Spenser.

What if a toy take'em in the heels now, and they all run away.

Beau. &Fl.

Nor light and idle toys my lines may vainly swell.

Drayton.

4. Amorous dalliance; play; sport; pastime. Milton.

To dally thus with death is no fit toy.

Spenser.

5. An old story; a silly tale. Shak.

6. [Probably the same word.] A headdress of linen or woolen, that hangs down over the shoulders, worn by old women of the lower classes; — called also toy mutch. [Scot.] "Having, moreover, put on her clean toy, rokelay, and scarlet plaid." Sir W. Scott.

Toy, v. i. [imp. & p. p. toyed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. toying.] To dally amorously; to trifle; to play.

To toy, to wanton, dally, smile and jest.

Shak.

Toy, v. t. To treat foolishly. [Obs.] E. Dering (1576).

To*year (?), adv. [To, prep. + year. ] This year. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Toy"er (?), n. One who toys; one who is full of trifling tricks; a trifler.

Toy"ful (?), a. Full of trifling play. [Obs.] Donne.

Toy"house` (?), n. A house for children to play in or to play with; a playhouse.

Toy"ing*ly (?), adv. In a toying manner.

Toy"ish, a. 1. Sportive; trifling; wanton.

2. Resembling a toy.

— Toy"ish*ly, adv. — Toy"ish*ness, n.

<! p. 1524 !>

Toy"man (toi"man), n. One who deals in toys.

Toy"shop` (-shp`), n. A shop where toys are sold.

Toy"some (toi"sm), a. Disposed to toy; trifling; wanton. [R.] Ford.

Toze (?), v. t. To pull violently; to touse. [Obs.]

To"zy (?), a. [See Toze ] Soft, like wool that has been teased. — To"zi*ness (#), n.

||Tra"be*a (?), n.; pl. Trabeæ (#). [L.] (Rom. Antiq.) A toga of ||purple, or ornamented with purple horizontal stripes. — worn by ||kings, consuls, and augurs. Dr. W. Smith. || Tra"be*a`ted (?), a. (Arch.) Furnished with an entablature.

Tra`be*a"tion (?), n. [L. trabs, trabis, a beam, a timber.] (Arch.) Same as Entablature.

||Tra*bec"u*la (?), n.; pl. Trabeculæ (-l). [L., a little beam.] ||(Anat.) A small bar, rod, bundle of fibers, or septal membrane, in ||the framework of an organ part. || Tra*bec"u*lar (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to a trabecula or trabeculæ; composed of trabeculæ.

Tra*bec"u*late (?), a. (Bot.) Crossbarred, as the ducts in a banana stem.

Tra"bu (?), n. (Zoöl.) Same as Trubu.

Trace (?), n. [F. trais. pl. of trait. See Trait.] One of two straps, chains, or ropes of a harness, extending from the collar or breastplate to a whiffletree attached to a vehicle or thing to be drawn; a tug.

Trace, n. [F. trace. See Trace, v. t. ] 1. A mark left by anything passing; a track; a path; a course; a footprint; a vestige; as, the trace of a carriage or sled; the trace of a deer; a sinuous trace. Milton.

2. (Chem. & Min.) A very small quantity of an element or compound in a given substance, especially when so small that the amount is not quantitatively determined in an analysis; — hence, in stating an analysis, often contracted to tr.

3. A mark, impression, or visible appearance of anything left when the thing itself no longer exists; remains; token; vestige.

The shady empire shall retain no trace Of war or blood, but in the sylvan chase.

Pope.

4. (Descriptive Geom. & Persp.) The intersection of a plane of projection, or an original plane, with a coordinate plane.

5. (Fort.) The ground plan of a work or works.

Syn.-Vestige; mark; token. See Vestige.

Trace, v. t. [imp. & p. p. traced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. tracing.] [OF. tracier, F. tracer, from (assumed) LL. tractiare, fr.L. tractus, p. p. of trahere to draw. Cf. Abstract, Attract, Contract, Portratt, Tract, Trail, Train, Treat. ] 1. To mark out; to draw or delineate with marks; especially, to copy, as a drawing or engraving, by following the lines and marking them on a sheet superimposed, through which they appear; as, to trace a figure or an outline; a traced drawing.

Some faintly traced features or outline of the mother and the child, slowly lading into the twilight of the woods.

Hawthorne.

2. To follow by some mark that has been left by a person or thing which has preceded; to follow by footsteps, tracks, or tokens. Cowper.

You may trace the deluge quite round the globe.

T. Burnet.

I feel thy power . . . to trace the ways Of highest agents.

Milton.

3. Hence, to follow the trace or track of.

How all the way the prince on footpace traced.

Spenser.

4. To copy; to imitate.

That servile path thou nobly dost decline, Of tracing word, and line by line.

Denham.

5. To walk over; to pass through; to traverse.

We do tracethis alley up and down.

Shak.

Trace, v. i. To walk; to go; to travel. [Obs.]

Not wont on foot with heavy arms to trace.

Spenser.

Trace"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being traced. — Trace"a*ble*ness, n. — Trace"a/bly, adv.

Tra"cer (?), n. One who, or that which, traces.

Tra"cer/y (?), n.; pl. Traceries (&?;) (Arch.) Ornamental work with rambled lines. Especially: — (a) The decorative head of a Gothic window.

Window tracery is of two sorts, plate tracery and bar tracery. Plate tracery, common in Italy, consists of a series of ornamental patterns cut through a flat plate of stone. Bar tracery is a decorative pattern formed by the curves and intersections of the molded bars of the mullions. Window tracery is imitated in many decorative objects, as panels of wood or metal either pierced or in relief. See also Stump tracery under Stump, and Fan tracery under Fan.

(b) A similar decoration in some styles of vaulting, the ribs of the vault giving off the minor bars of which the tracery is composed.

Tra"che*a (?), n.; pl. Tracheæ (#). [NL.,from L. trachia, Gr. trachei^a (sc. &?; windpipe), from &?; rough, rugged: cf. F. trachée.]

1. (Anat.) The windpipe. See Illust. of Lung.

2. (Zoöl.) One of the respiratory tubes of insects and arachnids.

3. (Bot.) One of the large cells in woody tissue which have spiral, annular, or other markings, and are connected longitudinally so as to form continuous ducts.

Tra"che*al (?), a. [Cf.F. tracheal.] Of or pertaining to the trachea; like a trachea.

||Tra`che*a"ri*a (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoöl.) A division of Arachnida ||including those that breathe only by means of tracheæ. It includes ||the mites, ticks, false scorpions, and harvestmen. || Tra"che*a*ry (?), a. Tracheal; breathing by means of tracheæ. — n. (Zoöl.) One of the Trachearia.

||Tra`che*a"ta (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoöl.) An extensive division of ||arthropods comprising all those which breathe by tracheæ, as ||distinguished from Crustacea, which breathe by means of branchiæ. || Tra"che*ate (?), a. (Zoöl.) Breathing by means of tracheæ; of or pertaining to the Tracheata.

Tra"che*ate, n. (Zoöl.) Any arthropod having tracheæ; one of the Tracheata.

Tra"che*id (?), n. (Bot.) A wood cell with spiral or other markings and closed throughout, as in pine wood.

||Tra`che*i"tis (?), n. [NL. See Trachea, and -itis.] (Med.) ||Inflammation of the trachea, or windpipe. || Tra*chel"i*dan (?), n. [Gr. &?; neck.] (Zoöl.) Any one of a tribe of beetles (Trachelides) which have the head supported on a pedicel. The oil beetles and the Cantharides are examples.

Tra*chel"i*pod (?), n. [Gr.&?; neck + - pod:cf.F. trachelipode.] (Zoöl.) One of the Trachelipoda.

||Tra`che*lip"o*da (?), n. pl. [NL. See Trachelipod.] (Zoöl.) An ||extensive artificial group of gastropods comprising all those which ||have a spiral shell and the foot attached to the base of the neck. || Tra`che*lip"o*dous (?), a. (Zoöl.) Having the foot united with the neck; of or pertaining to the Trachelipoda.

Tra`che*lo*bran"chi*ate (?), a. [Gr.&?; + E. tranchiate.] (Zoöl.) Having the gills situated upon the neck; — said of certain mollusks.

Tra`che*lor"rha*phy (?), n. [Gr. &?; neck + &?; to sew.] (Med.) The operation of sewing up a laceration of the neck of the uterus.

||Tra*chen"chy*ma (?), n. [NL.,fr. trachea + -enchyma as in E. ||parenchyma.] (Bot.) A vegetable tissue consisting of tracheæ. || ||Tra`che*o*bran"chi*a (?), n.; pl. Tracheobranchlae (#). [NL. See ||Trachea, and Branchia.] (Zoöl.) One of the gill-like breathing organs ||of certain aquatic insect larvæ. They contain tracheal tubes somewhat ||similar to those of other insects. || Tra`che*o*bron"chi*al (?), a. (Zoöl.) Pertaining both to the tracheal and bronchial tubes, or to their junction; — said of the syrinx of certain birds.

Tra"che*o*cele (?), n. [Gr. &?; the windpipe + &?; a tumor: cf.F. tracheocele. ] (Med.) (a) Goiter. (b) A tumor containing air and communicating with the trachea. Morell Mackenzie.

||Tra`che*oph"o*næ (&?;), n. pl. [NL., from trachea + Gr. fonei^n to ||sound.] (Zoöl.) A group of passerine birds having the syrinx at the ||lower end of the trachea. || Tra`che*os"co*py (?), n. [Trachea + -scopy.] (Med.) Examination of the interior of the trachea by means of a mirror.

Tra`che*ot"o*my (?), n. [Trachea + Gr. &?; to cut: cf.F. tracheotomie.] (Surg.) The operation of making an opening into the windpipe.

Tra"chi*noid (?), a. (Zoöl.) Of, pertaining to, or like, Trachinus, a genus of fishes which includes the weevers. See Weever.

||Tra*chi"tis (?), n. [NL.] (Med.) Tracheitis. || Tra`chy*car"pous (?), a. [Gr. &?; rough + &?; fruit.] (Bot.) Rough-fruited. Gray.

||Tra`chy*me*du"sæ (?), n. pl. [NL., fr.Gr. &?; rough + medusa.] ||(Zoöl.) A division of acalephs in which the development is direct ||from the eggs, without a hydroid stage. Some of the species are ||parasitic on other medusæ. || Tra`chy*sper"mous (?), a. [Gr. &?; rough + &?; seed.] (Bot.) Rough-seeded. Gray.

||Tra`chy*stom"a*ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; rough + stoma.] ||(Zoöl.) An order of tailed aquatic amphibians, including Siren and ||Pseudobranchus. They have anterior legs only, are eel-like in form, ||and have no teeth except a small patch on the palate. The external ||gills are persistent through life. || Tra"chyte (?), n. [Gr. &?; rough, rugged: cg. F. trachyte.] (Geol.) An igneous rock, usually light gray in color and breaking with a rough surface. It consists chiefly of orthoclase feldspar with sometimes hornblende and mica.

Tra*chyt"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. trachytique.] Of, pertaining to, or resembling, trachyte.

Trach"y*toid (?), a. [Trachyte + - oid.] (Min.) Resembling trachyte; — used to define the structure of certain rocks.

Tra"cing (?), n. 1. The act of one who traces; especially, the act of copying by marking on thin paper, or other transparent substance, the lines of a pattern placed beneath; also, the copy thus producted.

2. A regular path or track; a course.

Tracing cloth, Tracing paper, specially prepared transparent cloth or paper, which enables a drawing or print to be clearly seen through it, and so allows the use of a pen or pencil to produce a facsimile by following the lines of the original placed beneath.

Track (?), n. [OF. trac track of horses, mules, trace of animals; of Teutonic origin; cf.D. trek a drawing, trekken to draw, travel, march, MHG. trechen, pret. trach. Cf. Trick.] 1. A mark left by something that has passed along; as, the track, or wake, of a ship; the track of a meteor; the track of a sled or a wheel.

The bright track of his fiery car.

Shak.

2. A mark or impression left by the foot, either of man or beast; trace; vestige; footprint.

Far from track of men.

Milton.

3. (Zoöl.) The entire lower surface of the foot; — said of birds, etc.

4. A road; a beaten path.

Behold Torquatus the same track pursue.

Dryden.

5. Course; way; as, the track of a comet.

6. A path or course laid out for a race, for exercise, etc.

7. (Railroad) The permanent way; the rails.

8. [Perhaps a mistake for tract.] A tract or area, as of land. [Obs.] "Small tracks of ground." Fuller.

Track scale, a railway scale. See under Railway.

Track, v. t. [imp. & p. p. tracked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. tracking.] To follow the tracks or traces of; to pursue by following the marks of the feet; to trace; to trail; as, to track a deer in the snow.

It was often found impossible to track the robbers to their retreats among the hills and morasses.

Macaulay.

2. (Naut.) To draw along continuously, as a vessel, by a line, men or animals on shore being the motive power; to tow.

Track"age (?), n. The act of tracking, or towing, as a boat; towage.

Track"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, tracks or pursues, as a man or dog that follows game.

And of the trackers of the deer Scarce half the lessening pack was near.

Sir W. Scott.

2. (Mus.) In the organ, a light strip of wood connecting (in path) a key and a pallet, to communicate motion by pulling.

Track"less, a. Having no track; marked by no footsteps; untrodden; as, a trackless desert.

To climb the trackless mountain all unseen.

Byron.

— Track"less*ly, adv.- Track"less*ness, n.

Track"mas`ter (?), n. (Railroad) One who has charge of the track; — called also roadmaster.

Track"-road` (?), n. A towing path.

Track"scout (?), n. See Trackschuyt.

Tract (?), n. [Abbrev.fr. tractate.] A written discourse or dissertation, generally of short extent; a short treatise, especially on practical religion.

The church clergy at that time writ the best collection of tracts against popery that ever appeared.

Swift.

Tracts for the Times. See Tractarian.

Tract, n. [L. tractus a drawing, train, track, course, tract of land, from trahere tractum, to draw. Senses 4 and 5 are perhaps due to confusion with track. See Trace,v., and cf. Tratt.] 1. Something drawn out or extended; expanse. "The deep tract of hell." Milton.

2. A region or quantity of land or water, of indefinite extent; an area; as, an unexplored tract of sea.

A very high mountain joined to the mainland by a narrow tract of earth.

Addison.

3. Traits; features; lineaments. [Obs.]

The discovery of a man's self by the tracts of his countenance is a great weakness.

Bacon.

4. The footprint of a wild beast. [Obs.] Dryden.

5. Track; trace. [Obs.]

Efface all tract of its traduction.

Sir T. Browne.

But flies an eagle flight, bold, and forthon, Leaving no tract behind.

Shak.

6. Treatment; exposition. [Obs.] Shak.

7. Continuity or extension of anything; as, the tract of speech. [Obs.] Older.

8. Continued or protracted duration; length; extent. "Improved by tract of time." Milton.

9. (R. C. Ch.) Verses of Scripture sung at Mass, instead of the Alleluia, from Septuagesima Sunday till the Saturday befor Easter; — so called because sung tractim, or without a break, by one voice, instead of by many as in the antiphons.

Syn. — Region; district; quarter; essay; treatise; dissertation.

Tract, v. t. To trace out; to track; also, to draw out; to protact. [Obs.] Spenser. B. Jonson.

Tract`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. [L. tractabilitas: cf.F. tractabilite.] The quality or state of being tractable or docile; docility; tractableness.

Tract"a*ble (?), a. [L. tractabilis, fr, tractare to draw violently, to handle, treat. See Treat, v. t.] 1. Capable of being easily led, taught, or managed; docile; manageable; governable; as, tractable children; a tractable learner.

I shall find them tractable enough.

Shak.

2. Capable of being handled; palpable; practicable; feasible; as, tractable measures. [Obs.] Holder.

—Tract"a*ble*ness, n. — Tract"a/bly, adv.

Trac*ta"ri*an (?), n. (Ch. of England) One of the writers of the Oxford tracts, called "Tracts for the Times," issued during the period 1833-1841, in which series of papers the sacramental system and authority of the Church, and the value of tradition, were brought into prominence. Also, a member of the High Church party, holding generally the principles of the Tractarian writers; a Puseyite.

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Trac*ta"ri*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to the Tractarians, or their principles.

Trac*ta"ri*an*ism (?), n. (Ch. of England) The principles of the Tractarians, or of those persons accepting the teachings of the "Tracts for the Times."

Tract"ate (?), n. [L. tractatus a touching, handling, treatise. See Tractable, and Tract a treatise, Treaty.] A treatise; a tract; an essay.

Agreeing in substance with Augustin's, from whose fourteenth Tractate on St. John the words are translated.

Hare.

Trac*ta"tion (?), n. [L. tractatio.] Treatment or handling of a subject; discussion. [Obs.]

A full tractation of the points controverted.

Bp. Hall.

Trac*ta"tor (?), n. [L., a handler.] One who writes tracts; specif., a Tractarian. [R.] C. Kingsley.

Tract"ile (?), a. [L. trahere, tractum, to draw.] Capable of being drawn out in length; ductile. Bacon.

Trac*til"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being tractile; ductility. Derham.

Trac"tion (?), n. [L. trahere, tractum, to draw: cf. F. traction.] 1. The act of drawing, or the state of being drawn; as, the traction of a muscle.

2. Specifically, the act of drawing a body along a plane by motive power, as the drawing of a carriage by men or horses, the towing of a boat by a tug.

3. Attraction; a drawing toward. [R.]

4. The adhesive friction of a wheel on a rail, a rope on a pulley, or the like. Knight.

Angle of traction (Mech.), the angle made with a given plane by the line of direction in which a tractive force acts. — Traction engine, a locomotive for drawing vehicles on highways or in the fields.

Tract"ite (?), n. A Tractarian.

Trac*ti"tious (?), a. [See Tractate.] Treating of; handling. [R.]

Tract"ive (?), a. Serving to draw; pulling; attracting; as, tractive power.

Tract"or (?), n. [NL., from L. trahere, tractum, to draw.] 1. That which draws, or is used for drawing.

2. pl. (Med.) Two small, pointed rods of metal, formerly used in the treatment called Perkinism.

Trac`to*ra"tion (?), n. See Perkinism.

Tract"o*ry (?), n. [L. tractorius of drawing, fr. trahere, tractum, to draw.] (Geom.) A tractrix.

Tract"rix (?), n. [NL. See Tractor.] (Geom.) A curve such that the part of the tangent between the point of tangency and a given straight line is constant; — so called because it was conceived as described by the motion of one end of a tangent line as the other end was drawn along the given line.

Trad (?), obs. imp. of Tread. Chaucer.

Trade (?), n. [Formerly, a path, OE. tred a footmark. See Tread, n. & v.] 1. A track; a trail; a way; a path; also, passage; travel; resort. [Obs.]

A postern with a blind wicket there was, A common trade to pass through Priam's house.

Surrey.

Hath tracted forth some salvage beastes trade.

Spenser.

Or, I'll be buried in the king's highway, Some way of common trade, where subjects' feet May hourly trample on their sovereign's head.

Shak.

2. Course; custom; practice; occupation; employment. [Obs.] "The right trade of religion." Udall.

There those five sisters had continual trade.

Spenser.

Long did I love this lady, Long was my travel, long my trade to win her.

Massinger.

Thy sin's not accidental but a trade.

Shak.

3. Business of any kind; matter of mutual consideration; affair; dealing. [Obs.]

Have you any further trade with us?

Shak.

4. Specifically: The act or business of exchanging commodities by barter, or by buying and selling for money; commerce; traffic; barter.

Trade comprehends every species of exchange or dealing, either in the produce of land, in manufactures, in bills, or in money; but it is chiefly used to denote the barter or purchase and sale of goods, wares, and merchandise, either by wholesale or retail. Trade is either foreign or domestic. Foreign trade consists in the exportation and importation of goods, or the exchange of the commodities of different countries. Domestic, or home, trade is the exchange, or buying and selling, of goods within a country. Trade is also by the wholesale, that is, by the package or in large quantities, generally to be sold again, or it is by retail, or in small parcels. The carrying trade is the business of transporting commodities from one country to another, or between places in the same country, by land or water.

5. The business which a person has learned, and which he engages in, for procuring subsistence, or for profit; occupation; especially, mechanical employment as distinguished from the liberal arts, the learned professions, and agriculture; as, we speak of the trade of a smith, of a carpenter, or mason, but not now of the trade of a farmer, or a lawyer, or a physician.

Accursed usury was all his trade.

Spenser.

The homely, slighted, shepherd's trade.

Milton.

I will instruct thee in my trade.

Shak.

6. Instruments of any occupation. [Obs.]

The house and household goods, his trade of war.

Dryden.

7. A company of men engaged in the same occupation; thus, booksellers and publishers speak of the customs of the trade, and are collectively designated as the trade.

8. pl. The trade winds.

9. Refuse or rubbish from a mine. [Prov. Eng.]

Syn. — Profession; occupation; office; calling; avocation; employment; commerce; dealing; traffic.

Board of trade. See under Board. — Trade dollar. See under Dollar. — Trade price, the price at which goods are sold to members of the same trade, or by wholesale dealers to retailers. — Trade sale, an auction by and for the trade, especially that of the booksellers. — Trade wind, a wind in the torrid zone, and often a little beyond at, which blows from the same quarter throughout the year, except when affected by local causes; — so called because of its usefulness to navigators, and hence to trade.

The general direction of the trade winds is from N. E. to S. W. on the north side of the equator, and from S. E. to N. W. on the south side of the equator. They are produced by the joint effect of the rotation of the earth and the movement of the air from the polar toward the equatorial regions, to supply the vacancy caused by heating, rarefaction, and consequent ascent of the air in the latter regions. The trade winds are principally limited to two belts in the tropical regions, one on each side of the equator, and separated by a belt which is characterized by calms or variable weather.

Trade (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Traded; p. pr. & vb. n. Trading.] 1. To barter, or to buy and sell; to be engaged in the exchange, purchase, or sale of goods, wares, merchandise, or anything else; to traffic; to bargain; to carry on commerce as a business.

A free port, where nations . . . resorted with their goods and traded.

Arbuthnot.

2. To buy and sell or exchange property in a single instance.

3. To have dealings; to be concerned or associated; — usually followed by with.

How did you dare to trade and traffic with Macbeth?

Shak.

Trade, v. t. To sell or exchange in commerce; to barter.

They traded the persons of men.

Ezek. xxvii. 13.

To dicker and to swop, to trade rifles and watches.

Cooper.

Trade, obs. imp. of Tread.

Trad"ed, a. Professional; practiced. [Obs.] Shak.

Trade"ful, a. Full of trade; busy in traffic; commercial. Spenser.

Trade"less, a. Having no trade or traffic. Young.

Trade"-mark` (?), n. A peculiar distinguishing mark or device affixed by a manufacturer or a merchant to his goods, the exclusive right of using which is recognized by law.

Trad"er (?), n. 1. One engaged in trade or commerce; one who makes a business of buying and selling or of barter; a merchant; a trafficker; as, a trader to the East Indies; a country trader.

2. A vessel engaged in the coasting or foreign trade.

||Trad`es*can"ti*a (?), n. (Bot.) A genus including spiderwort and ||Wandering Jew. || Trades"folk` (?), n. People employed in trade; tradesmen. [R.] Swift.

Trades"man (?), n.; pl. Tradesmen (&?;). 1. One who trades; a shopkeeper.

2. A mechanic or artificer; esp., one whose livelihood depends upon the labor of his hands. [U. S.] Burrill.

Trades"peo`ple (?), n. People engaged in trade; shopkeepers.

{ trades" un`ion (?), or Trade" un`ion }. An organized combination among workmen for the purpose of maintaining their rights, privileges, and interests with respect to wages, hours of labor, customs, etc.

{ Trades"-un`ion*ist, or Trade"-un`ion*ist }, n. A member of a trades union, or a supporter of trades unions.

Trades"wom`an (?), n.; pl. Tradeswomen (&?;). A woman who trades, or is skilled in trade.

Trad"ing (?), a. 1. Carrying on trade or commerce; engaged in trade; as, a trading company.

2. Frequented by traders. [R.] "They on the trading flood." Milton.

3. Venal; corrupt; jobbing; as, a trading politician.

Tra*di"tion (?), n. [OE. tradicioun, L. traditio, from tradere to give up, transmit. See Treason, Traitor.] 1. The act of delivering into the hands of another; delivery. "A deed takes effect only from the tradition or delivery." Blackstone.

2. The unwritten or oral delivery of information, opinions, doctrines, practices, rites, and customs, from father to son, or from ancestors to posterity; the transmission of any knowledge, opinions, or practice, from forefathers to descendants by oral communication, without written memorials.

3. Hence, that which is transmitted orally from father to son, or from ancestors to posterity; knowledge or belief transmitted without the aid of written memorials; custom or practice long observed.

Will you mock at an ancient tradition begun upon an honorable respect?

Shak.

Naught but tradition remains of the beautiful village of Grand-Pré.

Longfellow.

4. (Theol.) (a) An unwritten code of law represented to have been given by God to Moses on Sinai.

Making the word of God of none effect through your tradition, which ye have delivered.

Mark vii. 13.

(b) That body of doctrine and discipline, or any article thereof, supposed to have been put forth by Christ or his apostles, and not committed to writing.

Stand fast, and hold the traditions which ye have been taught, whether by word or our epistle.

2 Thess. ii. 15.

Tradition Sunday (Eccl.), Palm Sunday; — so called because the creed was then taught to candidates for baptism at Easter.

Tra*di"tion, v. t. To transmit by way of tradition; to hand down. [Obs.]

The following story is . . . traditioned with very much credit amongst our English Catholics.

Fuller.

Tra*di"tion*al (?), a. [Cf. F. traditionnel, LL. traditionalis.] 1. Of or pertaining to tradition; derived from tradition; communicated from ancestors to descendants by word only; transmitted from age to age without writing; as, traditional opinions; traditional customs; traditional expositions of the Scriptures.

2. Observant of tradition; attached to old customs; old-fashioned. [R.] Shak.

Tra*di"tion*al*ism (?), n. A system of faith founded on tradition; esp., the doctrine that all religious faith is to be based solely upon what is delivered from competent authority, exclusive of rational processes.

Tra*di"tion*al*ist (?), n. An advocate of, or believer in, traditionalism; a traditionist.

Tra*di"tion*al*ly, adv. In a traditional manner.

Tra*di"tion*a*ri*ly (?), adv. By tradition.

Tra*di"tion*a*ry (?), a. Traditional.

The reveries of the Talmud, a collection of Jewish traditionary interpolations.

Buckminster.

Tra*di"tion*a*ry, n.; pl. Traditionaries (&?;). [Cf. F. traditionnare.] One, among the Jews, who acknowledges the authority of traditions, and explains the Scriptures by them.

{ Tra*di"tion*er (?), Tra*di"tion*ist, } n. [Cf. F. traditionniste.] One who adheres to tradition.

Trad"i*tive (?), a. [L. tradere, traditum, to transmit, give up: cf. F. traditif.] Transmitted or transmissible from father to son, or from age, by oral communication; traditional. [R.] Jer. Taylor.

Suppose we on things traditive divide.

Dryden.

||Trad"i*tor (?), n. [L., fr. tradere, traditum. See Traitor.] (Eccl. ||Hist.) A deliverer; — a name of infamy given to Christians who ||delivered the Scriptures, or the goods of the church, to their ||persecutors to save their lives. Milner. || Tra*duce" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Traduced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Traducing (?).] [L. traducere, traductum, to lead across, lead along, exhibit as a spectacle, disgrace, transfer, derive; trans across, over + ducere to lead: cf. F. traduire to transfer, translate, arraign, fr. L. traducere. See Duke.] 1. To transfer; to transmit; to hand down; as, to traduce mental qualities to one's descendants. [Obs.] Glanvill.

2. To translate from one language to another; as, to traduce and compose works. [Obs.] Golden Boke.

3. To increase or distribute by propagation. [Obs.]

From these only the race of perfect animals were propagated and traduced over the earth.

Sir M. Hale.

4. To draw away; to seduce. [Obs.]

I can forget the weakness Of the traduced soldiers.

Beau. & Fl.

5. To represent; to exhibit; to display; to expose; to make an example of. [Obs.] Bacon.

6. To expose to contempt or shame; to represent as blamable; to calumniate; to vilify; to defame.

The best stratagem that Satan hath . . . is by traducing the form and manner of them [prayers], to bring them into contempt.

Hooker.

He had the baseness . . . to traduce me in libel.

Dryden.

Syn. — To calumniate; vilify; defame; disparage; detract; depreciate; decry; slander.

Tra*duce"ment (?), n. The act of traducing; misrepresentation; ill-founded censure; defamation; calumny. [R.] Shak.

Tra*du"cent (?), a. [L. traducens, p. pr. of traducere. See Traduce.] Slanderous. [R.] Entick.

Tra*du"cer (?), n. 1. One who traduces; a slanderer; a calumniator. Bp. Hall.

2. One who derives or deduces. [Obs.] Fuller.

Tra*du"cian (?), n. A believer in traducianism.

Tra*du"cian*ism (?), n. (Theol.) The doctrine that human souls are produced by the act of generation; - - opposed to creationism, and infusionism.

Tra*du"ci*ble, a. 1. Capable of being derived or propagated. [Obs.] Sir M. Hale.

2. Capable of being traduced or calumniated. [R.]

Tra*du"cing*ly, adv. In a traducing manner; by traduction; slanderously.

Tra*duct" (?), v. t. [L. traducere, traductum. See Traduce.] To derive or deduce; also, to transmit; to transfer. [Obs.] Fotherby.

Tra*duct", n. That which is traducted; that which is transferred; a translation. [Obs.] Howell.

Tra*duc"tion (?), n. [L. traductio a transferring: cf. F. traduction translation. See Traduce.] 1. Transmission from one to another. [Obs.]

Traditional communication and traduction of truths.

Sir M. Hale.

2. Translation from one language to another. [Obs.]

3. Derivation by descent; propagation. [R.]

If by traduction came thy mind, Our wonder is the less to find A soul so charming from a stock so good.

Dryden.

4. The act of transferring; conveyance; transportation. [R.] "The traduction of brutes." Sir M. Hale.

5. Transition. [Obs.] Bacon.

6. (Logic) A process of reasoning in which each conclusion applies to just such an object as each of the premises applies to. Jevons.

Tra*duc"tive (?), a. Capable of being deduced; derivable. [R.] Bp. Warburton.

Traf"fic (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Trafficked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Trafficking (?).] [F. trafiquer; cf. It. trafficare, Sp. traficar, trafagar, Pg. traficar, trafegar, trafeguear, LL. traficare; of uncertain origin, perhaps fr. L. trans across, over + -ficare to make (see -fy, and cf. G. übermachen to transmit, send over, e. g., money, wares); or cf. Pg. trasfegar to pour out from one vessel into another, OPg. also, to traffic, perhaps fr. (assumed) LL. vicare to exchange, from L. vicis change (cf. Vicar).] 1. To pass goods and commodities from one person to another for an equivalent in goods or money; to buy or sell goods; to barter; to trade.

2. To trade meanly or mercenarily; to bargain.

Traf"fic, v. t. To exchange in traffic; to effect by a bargain or for a consideration.

Traf"fic, n. [Cf. F. trafic, It. traffico, Sp. tráfico, tráfago, Pg. tráfego, LL. traficum, trafica. See Traffic, v.] 1. Commerce, either by barter or by buying and selling; interchange of goods and commodities; trade.

A merchant of great traffic through the world.

Shak.

The traffic in honors, places, and pardons.

Macaulay.

This word, like trade, comprehends every species of dealing in the exchange or passing of goods or merchandise from hand to hand for an equivalent, unless the business of relating may be excepted. It signifies appropriately foreign trade, but is not limited to that.

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2. Commodities of the market. [R.]

You 'll see a draggled damsel From Billingsgate her fishy traffic bear.

Gay.

3. The business done upon a railway, steamboat line, etc., with reference to the number of passengers or the amount of freight carried.

Traffic return, a periodical statement of the receipts for goods and passengers, as on a railway line. — Traffic taker, a computer of the returns of traffic on a railway, steamboat line, etc.

Traf"fic*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being disposed of in traffic; marketable. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Traf"fick*er (?), n. One who traffics, or carries on commerce; a trader; a merchant.

Traf"fic*less, a. Destitute of traffic, or trade.

Trag"a*canth (?), n. [L. tragacanthum tragacanth, tragacantha the plant producing tragacanth, Gr. &?; &?; a he-goat + &?; a thorn: cf. F. tragacanthe.] A kind of gum procured from a spiny leguminous shrub (Astragalus gummifer) of Western Asia, and other species of Astragalus. It comes in hard whitish or yellowish flakes or filaments, and is nearly insoluble in water, but slowly swells into a mucilaginous mass, which is used as a substitute for gum arabic in medicine and the arts. Called also gum tragacanth.

Tra*ge"di*an (?), n. [Cf. F. tragédien.]

1. A writer of tragedy.

Thence what the lofty, grave, tragedians taught.

Milton.

2. An actor or player in tragedy. Shak.

||Tra`gé`dienne" (?), n. [F.] A woman who plays in tragedy. || Tra*ge"di*ous (?), a. Like tragedy; tragical. [Obs.] "Tragedious history." Fabyan.

Trag"e*dy (?), n.; pl. Tragedies (#). [OE. tragedie, OF. tragedie, F. tragédie, L. tragoedia, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; a tragic poet and singer, originally, a goat singer; &?; a goat (perhaps akin to &?; to gnaw, nibble, eat, and E. trout) + &?; to sing; from the oldest tragedies being exhibited when a goat was sacrificed, or because a goat was the prize, or because the actors were clothed in goatskins. See Ode.]

1. A dramatic poem, composed in elevated style, representing a signal action performed by some person or persons, and having a fatal issue; that species of drama which represents the sad or terrible phases of character and life.

Tragedy is to say a certain storie, As olde bookes maken us memorie, Of him that stood in great prosperitee And is yfallen out of high degree Into misery and endeth wretchedly.

Chaucer.

All our tragedies are of kings and princes.

Jer. Taylor.

tragedy is poetry in its deepest earnest; comedy is poetry in unlimited jest.

Coleridge.

2. A fatal and mournful event; any event in which human lives are lost by human violence, more especially by unauthorized violence.

{ Trag"ic (?), Trag"ic*al (?), } a. [L. tragicus, Gr.&?;: cf. F. tragique.] 1. Of or pertaining to tragedy; of the nature or character of tragedy; as, a tragic poem; a tragic play or representation.

2. Fatal to life; mournful; terrible; calamitous; as, the tragic scenes of the French revolution.

3. Mournful; expressive of tragedy, the loss of life, or of sorrow.

Why look you still so stern and tragical ?

Shak.

— Trag"ic*al*ly, adv. — Trag"ic*al*ness, n.

Trag"ic (?), n. 1. A writer of tragedy. [Obs.]

2. A tragedy; a tragic drama. [Obs.]

Trag`i-com"e*dy (?), n. [Cf. F. tragicomédie, L. tragicocomoedia. See Tragic, and Comedy.] A kind of drama representing some action in which serious and comic scenes are blended; a composition partaking of the nature both of tragedy and comedy.

The noble tragi-comedy of "Measure for Measure."

Macaulay.

{ Trag`i-com"ic (?), Trag`i-com"ic*al (?), } a. [Cf. F. tragi-comique.] Of or pertaining to tragi-comedy; partaking of grave and comic scenes. — Trag`- com"ic*al*ly, adv.

Julian felt toward him that tragi-comic sensation which makes us pity the object which excites it not the less that we are somewhat inclined to laugh amid our sympathy.

Sir W. Scott.

Trag`i-com`i-pas"tor*al (?), a. Partaking of the nature of, or combining, tragedy, comedy, and pastoral poetry. [R.] Gay.

Trag"o*pan (?), n. [NL., fr. L. tragopan a fabulous Ethiopian bird, Gr. &?;.] (Zoöl.) Any one of several species of Asiatic pheasants of the genus Ceriornis. They are brilliantly colored with a variety of tints, the back and breast are usually covered with white or buff ocelli, and the head is ornamented with two bright-colored, fleshy wattles. The crimson tragopan, or horned pheasant (C. satyra), of India is one of the best-known species.

||Tra"gus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a part of the inner ear.] (Anat.) ||The prominence in front of the external opening of the ear. See ||Illust. under Ear. || T" rail` (?). See under T.

Trail (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trailed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Trailing.] [OE. trailen, OF. trailler to trail a deer, or hunt him upon a cold scent, also, to hunt or pursue him with a limehound, F. trailler to trail a fishing line; probably from a derivative of L. trahere to draw; cf. L. traha a drag, sledge, tragula a kind of drag net, a small sledge, Sp. trailla a leash, an instrument for leveling the ground, D. treilen to draw with a rope, to tow, treil a rope for drawing a boat. See Trace, v. t.]

1. To hunt by the track; to track. Halliwell.

2. To draw or drag, as along the ground.

And hung his head, and trailed his legs along.

Dryden.

They shall not trail me through their streets Like a wild beast.

Milton.

Long behind he trails his pompous robe.

Pope.

3. (Mil.) To carry, as a firearm, with the breech near the ground and the upper part inclined forward, the piece being held by the right hand near the middle.

4. To tread down, as grass, by walking through it; to lay flat. Longfellow.

5. To take advantage of the ignorance of; to impose upon. [Prov. Eng.]

I presently perceived she was (what is vernacularly termed) trailing Mrs. Dent; that is, playing on her ignorance.

C. Bronte.

Trail (?), v. i. 1. To be drawn out in length; to follow after.

When his brother saw the red blood trail.

Spenser.

2. To grow to great length, especially when slender and creeping upon the ground, as a plant; to run or climb.

Trail, n. 1. A track left by man or beast; a track followed by the hunter; a scent on the ground by the animal pursued; as, a deer trail.

They traveled in the bed of the brook, leaving no dangerous trail.

Cooper.

How cheerfully on the false trail they cry!

Shak.

2. A footpath or road track through a wilderness or wild region; as, an Indian trail over the plains.

3. Anything drawn out to a length; as, the trail of a meteor; a trail of smoke.

When lightning shoots in glittering trails along.

Rowe.

4. Anything drawn behind in long undulations; a train. "A radiant trail of hair." Pope.

5. Anything drawn along, as a vehicle. [Obs.]

6. A frame for trailing plants; a trellis. [Obs.]

7. The entrails of a fowl, especially of game, as the woodcock, and the like; — applied also, sometimes, to the entrails of sheep.

The woodcock is a favorite with epicures, and served with its trail in, is a delicious dish.

Baird.

8. (Mil.) That part of the stock of a gun carriage which rests on the ground when the piece is unlimbered. See Illust. of Gun carriage, under Gun.

9. The act of taking advantage of the ignorance of a person; an imposition. [Prov. Eng.]

Trail boards (Shipbuilding), the carved boards on both sides of the cutwater near the figurehead. — Trail net, a net that is trailed or drawn behind a boat. Wright.

Trail"er (?), n. One who, or that which, trails.

Trail"ing, a. & vb. n. from Trail.

Trailing arbutus. (Bot.) See under Arbutus. — Trailing spring, a spring fixed in the axle box of the trailing wheels of a locomotive engine, and so placed as to assist in deadening any shock which may occur. Weale. — Trailing wheel, a hind wheel of a locomotive when it is not a driving wheel; also, one of the hind wheels of a carriage.

Train (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trained (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Training.] [OF. trahiner, traïner,F. traîner, LL. trahinare, trainare, fr. L. trahere to draw. See Trail.]

1. To draw along; to trail; to drag.

In hollow cube Training his devilish enginery.

Milton.

2. To draw by persuasion, artifice, or the like; to attract by stratagem; to entice; to allure. [Obs.]

If but a dozen French Were there in arms, they would be as a call To train ten thousand English to their side.

Shak.

O, train me not, sweet mermaid, with thy note.

Shak.

This feast, I'll gage my life, Is but a plot to train you to your ruin.

Ford.

3. To teach and form by practice; to educate; to exercise; to discipline; as, to train the militia to the manual exercise; to train soldiers to the use of arms.

Our trained bands, which are the trustiest and most proper strength of a free nation.

Milton.

The warrior horse here bred he's taught to train.

Dryden.

4. To break, tame, and accustom to draw, as oxen.

5. (Hort.) To lead or direct, and form to a wall or espalier; to form to a proper shape, by bending, lopping, or pruning; as, to train young trees.

He trained the young branches to the right hand or to the left.

Jeffrey.

6. (Mining) To trace, as a lode or any mineral appearance, to its head.

To train a gun (Mil. & Naut.), to point it at some object either forward or else abaft the beam, that is, not directly on the side. Totten. — To train, or To train up, to educate; to teach; to form by instruction or practice; to bring up.

Train up a child in the way he should go; and when he is old, he will not depart from it.

Prov. xxii. 6.

The first Christians were, by great hardships, trained up for glory.

Tillotson.

Train, v. i. 1. To be drilled in military exercises; to do duty in a military company.

2. To prepare by exercise, diet, instruction, etc., for any physical contest; as, to train for a boat race.

Train, n. [F. train, OF. traïn, trahin; cf. (for some of the senses) F. traine. See Train, v.] 1. That which draws along; especially, persuasion, artifice, or enticement; allurement. [Obs.] "Now to my charms, and to my wily trains." Milton.

2. Hence, something tied to a lure to entice a hawk; also, a trap for an animal; a snare. Halliwell.

With cunning trains him to entrap un wares.

Spenser.

3. That which is drawn along in the rear of, or after, something; that which is in the hinder part or rear. Specifically : —

(a) That part of a gown which trails behind the wearer.

(b) (Mil.) The after part of a gun carriage; the trail.

(c) The tail of a bird. "The train steers their flights, and turns their bodies, like the rudder of ship." Ray.

4. A number of followers; a body of attendants; a retinue; a suite.

The king's daughter with a lovely train.

Addison.

My train are men of choice and rarest parts.

Shak.

5. A consecution or succession of connected things; a series. "A train of happy sentiments." I. Watts.

The train of ills our love would draw behind it.

Addison.

Rivers now Stream and perpetual draw their humid train.

Milton.

Other truths require a train of ideas placed in order.

Locke.

6. Regular method; process; course; order; as, things now in a train for settlement.

If things were once in this train, . . . our duty would take root in our nature.

Swift.

7. The number of beats of a watch in any certain time.

8. A line of gunpowder laid to lead fire to a charge, mine, or the like.

9. A connected line of cars or carriages on a railroad.

10. A heavy, long sleigh used in Canada for the transportation of merchandise, wood, and the like.

11. (Rolling Mill) A roll train; as, a 12- inch train.

Roll train, or Train of rolls (Rolling Mill), a set of plain or grooved rolls for rolling metal into various forms by a series of consecutive operations. — Train mile (Railroads), a unit employed in estimating running expenses, etc., being one of the total number of miles run by all the trains of a road, or system of roads, as within a given time, or for a given expenditure; — called also mile run. — Train of artillery, any number of cannon, mortars, etc., with the attendants and carriages which follow them into the field. Campbell (Dict. Mil. Sci.). — Train of mechanism, a series of moving pieces, as wheels and pinions, each of which is follower to that which drives it, and driver to that which follows it. — Train road, a slight railway for small cars, — used for construction, or in mining. — Train tackle (Naut.), a tackle for running guns in and out.

Syn. — Cars. — Train, Cars. Train is the word universally used in England with reference to railroad traveling; as, I came in the morning train. In the United States, the phrase the cars has been extensively introduced in the room of train; as, the cars are late; I came in the cars. The English expression is obviously more appropriate, and is prevailing more and more among Americans, to the exclusion of the cars.

Train"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being trained or educated; as, boys trainable to virtue. Richardson.

Train"band` (?), n.; pl. Trainbands (&?;). A band or company of an organized military force instituted by James I. and dissolved by Charles II.; — afterwards applied to the London militia. [Eng.]

He felt that, without some better protection than that of the trainbands and Beefeaters, his palace and person would hardly be secure.

Macaulay.

A trainband captain eke was he Of famous London town.

Cowper.

Train"bear`er (?), n. One who holds up a train, as of a robe.

Train"el (?), n. [OF.] A dragnet. [Obs.] Holland.

Train"er (?), n. 1. One who trains; an instructor; especially, one who trains or prepares men, horses, etc., for exercises requiring physical agility and strength.

2. A militiaman when called out for exercise or discipline. [U. S.] Bartlett.

Train"ing, n. The act of one who trains; the act or process of exercising, disciplining, etc.; education.

Fan training (Hort.), the operation of training fruit trees, grapevines, etc., so that the branches shall radiate from the stem like a fan. — Horizontal training (Hort.), the operation of training fruit trees, grapevines, etc., so that the branches shall spread out laterally in a horizontal direction. — Training college. See Normal school, under Normal, a. — Training day, a day on which a military company assembles for drill or parade. [U. S.] — Training ship, a vessel on board of which boys are trained as sailors.

Syn. — See Education.

Train" oil` (oil`). [D. or LG. traan train oil, blubber (cf. Dan. & Sw. tran, G. thran) + E. oil.] Oil procured from the blubber or fat of whales, by boiling.

Train"y (?), a. Belonging to train oil. [Obs.] Gay.

Traipse (?), v. i. [Cf. G. trapsen, trappsen, trappen, to tread noisily, to walk stamping. See Trample, Trape.] To walk or run about in a slatternly, careless, or thoughtless manner. [Colloq.] Pope.

{ Trais (?), Trays }, n. pl. Traces. [Obs.]

Four white bulls in the trays.

Chaucer.

Trait (?), n. [F., fr. L. tractus, fr. trahere to draw. See Trace, v., and cf. Tract a region, Trace a strap, Tret.]

1. A stroke; a touch.

By this single trait Homer makes an essential difference between the Iliad and Odyssey.

Broome.

2. A distinguishing or marked feature; a peculiarity; as, a trait of character.

Formerly pronounced tr, as in French, and still so pronounced to some extent in England.

||Trai`teur" (?), n. [F.] The keeper of an eating house, or restaurant; ||a restaurateur. Simmonds. || <! p. 1527 !>

Trai"tor (?), n. [OE. traitour, OF. traïtor, traïteur, F. treître, L. traditor, fr. tradere, traditum, to deliver, to give up or surrender treacherously, to betray; trans across, over + dare to give. See Date time, and cf. Betray,Tradition, Traditor, Treason.] 1. One who violates his allegiance and betrays his country; one guilty of treason; one who, in breach of trust, delivers his country to an enemy, or yields up any fort or place intrusted to his defense, or surrenders an army or body of troops to the enemy, unless when vanquished; also, one who takes arms and levies war against his country; or one who aids an enemy in conquering his country. See Treason.

O passing traitor, perjured and unjust!

Shak.

2. Hence, one who betrays any confidence or trust; a betrayer. "This false traitor death." Chaucer.

Trai"tor, a. Traitorous. [R.] Spenser. Pope.

Trai"tor, v. t. To act the traitor toward; to betray; to deceive. [Obs.] " But time, it traitors me." Lithgow.

Trai"tor*ess (?), n. A traitress. [Obs.] Rom. of R.

Trai"tor*ly (?), a. Like a traitor; treacherous; traitorous. [Obs.] "Traitorly rascals." Shak.

Trai"tor*ous (?), a. [Cf. F. traîtreux.] 1. Guilty of treason; treacherous; perfidious; faithless; as, a traitorous officer or subject. Shak.

2. Consisting in treason; partaking of treason; implying breach of allegiance; as, a traitorous scheme.

— Trai"tor*ous*ly, adv. — Trai"tor*ous*ness, n.

Trai"tor*y (?), n. Treachery. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Trai"tress (?), n. [F. traîtresse.] A woman who betrays her country or any trust; a traitoress. Dryden.

Tra*ject" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trajected; p. pr. & vb. n. Trajecting.] [L. trajectus, p. p. of trajicere to throw across; trans across + jacere to throw. See Jet a shooting forth.] To throw or cast through, over, or across; as, to traject the sun's light through three or more cross prisms. [R.] Sir I. Newton.

Traj"ect (?), n. [L. trajectus, fr. trajicere: cf. F. trajet, OF. traject. See Traject, v. t.] 1. A place for passing across; a passage; a ferry. [Obs.] Cotgrave.

2. The act of trajecting; trajection.

3. A trajectory. [R.] I. Taylor.

Tra*jec"tion (?), n. [L. trajectio a crossing over, transposition.] 1. The act of trajecting; a throwing or casting through or across; also, emission. Boyle.

2. Transposition. [R.] Knatchbull.

Tra*ject"o*ry (?), n.; pl. Trajectories (#). [Cf. F. trajectoire.] The curve which a body describes in space, as a planet or comet in its orbit, or stone thrown upward obliquely in the air.

{ Tra"jet (?), Tra"jet*our (?), Tra"jet*ry (?) }, n. See Treget, Tregetour, and Tregetry. [Obs.]

Tra*la"tion (?), n. [L. tralatio, translatio.See Translation.] The use of a word in a figurative or extended sense; ametaphor; a trope. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Tral`a*ti"tion (?), n. [See Tralatitious.] A change, as in the use of words; a metaphor.

Tral`a*ti"tious (?), a. [L. tralatitius, translatitius, tralaticius, translaticius. See Tralation.] 1. Passed along; handed down; transmitted.

Among biblical critics a tralatitious interpretation is one received by expositor from expositor.

W. Withington.

2. Metaphorical; figurative; not literal. Stackhouse.

Tral`a*ti"tious*ly, adv. In a tralatitious manner; metephorically. Holder.

Tra*lin"e*ate (?), v. i. [L. trans across + linea a line: cf. It tralineare, tralignare.] To deviate; to stray; to wander. [Obs.] Dryden.

Tra*lu"cen*cy (?), n. Translucency; as, the tralucency of a gem. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Tra*lu"cent (?), a. [L. tralucens, translucens, p. pr. See Translucent.] Translucent. [Obs.]

The air's tralucent gallery.

Sir. J. Davies.

Tram (?), n. [Prov. E. tram a coal wagon, the shaft of a cart or carriage, a beam or bar; probably of Scand, origin; cf. OSw. tråm, trum, a beam, OD. drom, Prov. & OHG. tram.] 1. A four-wheeled truck running on rails, and used in a mine, as for carrying coal or ore.

2. The shaft of a cart. [Prov. Eng.] De Quincey.

3. One of the rails of a tramway.

4. A car on a horse railroad. [Eng.]

Tram car, a car made to run on a tramway, especially a street railway car. — Tram plate, a flat piece of iron laid down as a rail. — Tram pot (Milling), the step and support for the lower end of the spindle of a millstone.

Tram, n. [Sp. trama weft, or F. trame.] A silk thread formed of two or more threads twisted together, used especially for the weft, or cross threads, of the best quality of velvets and silk goods.

Tram"ble (?), v. t. (Mining) To wash, as tin ore, with a shovel in a frame fitted for the purpose. Smart.

Tram"mel (?), n. [F. tramail, trémail, a net, LL. tremaculum, tremacle, a kind of net for taking fish; L. tres three + macula a mesh. See Three, and Mail armor.] 1. A kind of net for catching birds, fishes, or other prey. Carew.

2. A net for confining a woman's hair. Spenser.

3. A kind of shackle used for regulating the motions of a horse and making him amble.

4. Fig.: Whatever impedes activity, progress, or freedom, as a net or shackle.

[They] disdain the trammels of any sordid contract.

Jeffrey.

5. An iron hook of various forms and sizes, used for handing kettles and other vessels over the fire.

6. (Mech.) (a) An instrument for drawing ellipses, one part of which consists of a cross with two grooves at right angles to each other, the other being a beam carrying two pins (which slide in those grooves), and also the describing pencil. (b) A beam compass. See under Beam.

Tram"mel (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trammeled (?) or Trammelled; p. pr. & vb. n. Trammeling, or Trammelling.] 1. To entangle, as in a net; to catch. [R.] Shak.

2. To confine; to hamper; to shackle.

Tram"meled (?), a. (Man.) Having blazes, or white marks, on the fore and hind foot of one side, as if marked by trammels; — said of a horse. [Written also trammelled.]

Tram"mel*er (?), n. [Written also trammeller.]

1. One who uses a trammel net. Nares.

2. One who, or that which, trammels or restrains.

Tram"ming (?), n. (Silk Manuf.) The act or process of forming trams. See 2d Tram.

Tra*mon"tane (?), a. [OF. tramontain, It. tramontano, L. transmontanus; trans across, beyond + mons, montis, mountain.] Lying or being beyond the mountains; coming from the other side of the mountains; hence, foreign; barbarous.

The Italians sometimes use this epithet for ultramontane, and apply it to the countries north of the Alps, as France and Germany, and especially to their ecclesiastics, jurists, painters, etc.; and a north wind is called a tramontane wind. The French lawyers call certain Italian canonists tramontane, or ultramontane, doctors; considering them as favoring too much the court of Rome. See Ultramontane.

Tra*mon"tane, n. One living beyond the mountains; hence, a foreigner; a stranger.

Tramp (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tramped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tramping.] [OE. trampen; akin to LG. trampen, G. trampeln, LG. & D. trappen, Dan. trampe, Sw. & Icel. trampa, Goth. anatrimpan to press upon; also to D. trap a step, G. treppe steps, stairs. Cf. Trap a kind of rock, Trape, Trip, v. i., Tread.] 1. To tread upon forcibly and repeatedly; to trample.

2. To travel or wander through; as, to tramp the country. [Colloq.]

3. To cleanse, as clothes, by treading upon them in water. [Scot.] Jamieson.

Tramp, v. i. To travel; to wander; to stroll.

Tramp, n. 1. A foot journey or excursion; as, to go on a tramp; a long tramp. Blackie.

2. A foot traveler; a tramper; often used in a bad sense for a vagrant or wandering vagabond. Halliwell.

3. The sound of the foot, or of feet, on the earth, as in marching. Sir W. Scott.

4. A tool for trimming hedges.

5. A plate of iron worn to protect the sole of the foot, or the shoe, when digging with a spade.

Tramp"er (?), n. One who tramps; a stroller; a vagrant or vagabond; a tramp. Dickens.

Tram"ple (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trampled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Trampling (?).] [OE. trampelen, freq. of trampen. See Tramp, v. t.] 1. To tread under foot; to tread down; to prostrate by treading; as, to trample grass or flowers. Dryden.

Neither cast ye your pearls before swine, lest they trample them under their feet.

Matt. vii. 6.

2. Fig.: To treat with contempt and insult. Cowper.

Tram"ple, v. i. 1. To tread with force and rapidity; to stamp.

2. To tread in contempt; — with on or upon.

Diogenes trampled on Plato's pride with greater of his own.

Gov. of Tongue.

Tram"ple, n. The act of treading under foot; also, the sound produced by trampling. Milton.

The huddling trample of a drove of sheep.

Lowell.

Tram"pler (?), n. One who tramples; one who treads down; as, a trampler on nature's law. Cowper.

Tram*poose" (?), v. i. [See Tramp, Trample, and Traipse.] To walk with labor, or heavily; to tramp. [Law, U. S.] Bartlett.

Tram"road` (?), n. [Tram a coal wagon + road.] A road prepared for easy transit of trams or wagons, by forming the wheel tracks of smooth beams of wood, blocks of stone, or plates of iron.

Tram"way` (?), n. 1. Same as Tramroad.

2. A railway laid in the streets of a town or city, on which cars for passengers or for freight are drawn by horses; a horse railroad.

Tra*na"tion (?), n. [L. tranare, transnare, to swim over; trans across, over + nare to swim.] The act of swimming over. [Obs.] Bailey.

Trance (?), n. [F. transe fright, in OF. also, trance or swoon, fr. transir to chill, benumb, to be chilled, to shiver, OF. also, to die, L. transire to pass over, go over, pass away, cease; trans across, over + ire to go; cf. L. transitus a passing over. See Issue, and cf. Transit.]

1. A tedious journey. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

2. A state in which the soul seems to have passed out of the body into another state of being, or to be rapt into visions; an ecstasy.

And he became very hungry, and would have eaten; but while they made ready, he fell into a trance.

Acts. x. 10.

My soul was ravished quite as in a trance.

Spenser.

3. (Med.) A condition, often simulating death, in which there is a total suspension of the power of voluntary movement, with abolition of all evidences of mental activity and the reduction to a minimum of all the vital functions so that the patient lies still and apparently unconscious of surrounding objects, while the pulsation of the heart and the breathing, although still present, are almost or altogether imperceptible.

He fell down in a trance.

Chaucer.

Trance, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tranced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Trancing (?).] 1. To entrance.

And three I left him tranced.

Shak.

2. To pass over or across; to traverse. [Poetic]

Trance the world over.

Beau. & Fl.

When thickest dark did trance the sky.

Tennyson.

Trance (?), v. i. To pass; to travel. [Obs.]

Tran"ect (?), n. [Cf. Traject.] A ferry. [Obs.] Shak.

Tran"gram (?), n. [OE. trangrain a strange thing, trangame a toy. See Tangram.] Something intricately contrived; a contrived; a puzzle. [Cant & Obs.] Arbuthnot.

Tran"nel (?), n. (Naut.) A treenail. [R.] Moxon.

Tran"quil (?), a. [L. tranquillus; probably fr. trans across, over + a word akin to quietus quiet: cf. F. tranquille. See Quiet.] Quiet; calm; undisturbed; peaceful; not agitated; as, the atmosphere is tranquil; the condition of the country is tranquil.

A style clear, tranquil, easy to follow.

De Quincey.

{ Tran`quil*i*za"tion, Tran`quil*li*za"tion } (?), n. The act of tranquilizing, or the state of being tranquilized.

{Tran"quil*ize, Tran"quil*lize } (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tranquilized (?) or Tranquilliized; p. pr. & vb. n. Tranquilizing (?) or Tranquillizing.] [Cf. F. tranquilliser.] To render tranquil; to allay when agitated; to compose; to make calm and peaceful; as, to tranquilize a state disturbed by factions or civil commotions; to tranquilize the mind.

Syn. — To quiet; compose; still; soothe; appease; calm; pacify.

{ Tran"quil*i`zer, Tran"quil*li`zer } (?), n. One who, or that which, tranquilizes.

{ Tran"quil*i`zing, Tran"quil*li`zing } (?), a. Making tranquil; calming. " The tranquilizing power of time." Wordsworth. — Tran"quil*i`zing*ly or Tran"quil*li`zing*ly, adv.

Tran*quil"li*ty (?), n. [F. tranquillité, L. tranquillitas.] The quality or state of being tranquil; calmness; composure.

Tran"quil*ly (?), adv. In a tranquil manner; calmly.

Tran"quil*ness, n. Quality or state of being tranquil.

Trans- (?). [L. trans across, over.] A prefix, signifying over, beyond, through and through, on the other side, as in transalpine, beyond the Alps; transform, to form through and through, that is, anew, transfigure.

Trans*act" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transacted; p. pr. & vb. n. Transacting.] [L. transactus, p. p. of transigere. See Transaction.] To carry through; to do; perform; to manage; as, to transact commercial business; to transact business by an agent.

Trans*act", v. i. To conduct matters; to manage affairs. [R.] South.

Trans*ac"tion (?), n. [L. transactio, fr. transigere, transactum, to drive through, carry through, accomplish, transact; trans across, over + agere to drive; cf. F. transaction. See Act, Agent.] 1. The doing or performing of any business; management of any affair; performance.

2. That which is done; an affair; as, the transactions on the exchange.

3. (Civil Law) An adjustment of a dispute between parties by mutual agreement.

Transaction of a society, the published record of what it has done or accomplished.

Syn. — Proceeding; action; process. — Transaction, Proceeding. A transaction is something already done and completed; a proceeding is either something which is now going on, or, if ended, is still contemplated with reference to its progress or successive stages.

" We the word proceeding in application to an affray in the street, and the word transaction to some commercial negotiation that has been carried on between certain persons. The proceeding marks the manner of proceeding, as when we speak of the proceedings in a court of law. The transaction marks the business transacted; as, the transactions on the Exchange." Crabb.

Trans*act"or (?), n. [L.] One who transacts, performs, or conducts any business. Derham.

Trans*al"pine (?), a. [L. transalpinus; trans across, beyond + Alpinus Alpine, from Alpes the Alps: cf. F. transalpin.] Being on the farther side of the Alps in regard to Rome, that is, on the north or west side of the Alps; of or pertaining to the region or the people beyond the Alps; as, transalpine Gaul; — opposed to cisalpine. " Transalpine garbs." Beau. & Fl.

Trans*al"pine, n. A native or inhabitant of a country beyond the Alps, that is, out of Italy.

Trans*an"i*mate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transanimated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Transanimating.] [Trans- + animate.] To animate with a soul conveyed from another body. [R.] Bp. J. King (1608).

Trans*an`i*ma"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. transanimation.] The conveyance of a soul from one body to another. [R.] Fuller.

Trans`at*lan"tic (?), a. [Pref. trans- + Atlantic: cf. F. transatlantique.] 1. Lying or being beyond the Atlantic Ocean.

When used by a person in Europe or Africa, transatlantic signifies being in America; when by a person in America, it denotes being or lying in Europe or Africa, especially the former.

2. Crossing the Atlantic Ocean.

Trans*au"di*ent (?), a. [See Trans-, and Audient.] Permitting the passage of sound. [R.] Lowell.

Trans*ca"len*cy (?), n. The quality or state of being transcalent.

Trans*ca"lent (?), a. [Pref. trans- + L. calens, p. pr. of calere to grow warm.] Pervious to, or permitting the passage of, heat.

Tran*scend" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transcended; p. pr. & vb. n. Transcending.] [L. transcendere, transcensum; trans beyond, over + scandere to climb. See Scan.] 1. To rise above; to surmount; as, lights in the heavens transcending the region of the clouds. Howell.

2. To pass over; to go beyond; to exceed.

Such popes as shall transcend their limits.

Bacon.

<! p. 1528 !>

8. To surpass; to outgo; to excel; to exceed.

How much her worth transcended all her kind.

Dryden.

Tran*scend" (trn*snd"), v. i. 1. To climb; to mount. [Obs.]

2. To be transcendent; to excel. [R.]

{ Tran*scend"ence (-ens), Tran*scend"en*cy (- en*s), }[Cf. L. transcendentia, F. transcendance.] 1. The quality or state of being transcendent; superior excellence; supereminence.

The Augustinian theology rests upon the transcendence of Deity at its controlling principle.

A. V. G. Allen.

2. Elevation above truth; exaggeration. [Obs.]

"Where transcendencies are more allowed."

Bacon.

Tran*scend"ent (?), a. [L. transcendens, -entis, p. pr. of transcendere to transcend: cf. F. transcendant, G. transcendent.] 1. Very excellent; superior or supreme in excellence; surpassing others; as, transcendent worth; transcendent valor.

Clothed with transcendent brightness.

Milton.

2. (Kantian Philos.) Transcending, or reaching beyond, the limits of human knowledge; — applied to affirmations and speculations concerning what lies beyond the reach of the human intellect.

Tran*scend"ent, n. That which surpasses or is supereminent; that which is very excellent.

Tran`scen*den"tal (?), a. [Cf. F. transcendantal, G. transcendental.] 1. Supereminent; surpassing others; as, transcendental being or qualities.

2. (Philos.) In the Kantian system, of or pertaining to that which can be determined a priori in regard to the fundamental principles of all human knowledge. What is transcendental, therefore, transcends empiricism; but is does not transcend all human knowledge, or become transcendent. It simply signifies the a priori or necessary conditions of experience which, though affording the conditions of experience, transcend the sphere of that contingent knowledge which is acquired by experience.

3. Vaguely and ambitiously extravagant in speculation, imagery, or diction.

In mathematics, a quantity is said to be transcendental relative to another quantity when it is expressed as a transcendental function of the latter; thus, ax, 102x, log x, sin x, tan x, etc., are transcendental relative to x.

Transcendental curve (Math.), a curve in which one ordinate is a transcendental function of the other. — Transcendental equation (Math.), an equation into which a transcendental function of one of the unknown or variable quantities enters. — Transcendental function. (Math.) See under Function.

Syn. — Transcendental, Empirical. These terms, with the corresponding nouns, transcendentalism and empiricism, are of comparatively recent origin. Empirical refers to knowledge which is gained by the experience of actual phenomena, without reference to the principles or laws to which they are to be referred, or by which they are to be explained. Transcendental has reference to those beliefs or principles which are not derived from experience, and yet are absolutely necessary to make experience possible or useful. Such, in the better sense of the term, is the transcendental philosophy, or transcendentalism. Each of these words is also used in a bad sense, empiricism applying to that one-sided view of knowledge which neglects or loses sight of the truths or principles referred to above, and trusts to experience alone; transcendentalism, to the opposite extreme, which, in its deprecation of experience, loses sight of the relations which facts and phenomena sustain to principles, and hence to a kind of philosophy, or a use of language, which is vague, obscure, fantastic, or extravagant.

Tran`scen*den"tal, n. A transcendentalist. [Obs.]

Tran`scen*den"tal*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. transcendantalisme, G. transcendentalismus.] 1. (Kantian Philos.) The transcending, or going beyond, empiricism, and ascertaining a priori the fundamental principles of human knowledge.

As Schelling and Hegel claim to have discovered the absolute identity of the objective and subjective in human knowledge, or of things and human conceptions of them, the Kantian distinction between transcendent and transcendental ideas can have no place in their philosophy; and hence, with them, transcendentalism claims to have a true knowledge of all things, material and immaterial, human and divine, so far as the mind is capable of knowing them. And in this sense the word transcendentalism is now most used. It is also sometimes used for that which is vague and illusive in philosophy.

2. Ambitious and imaginative vagueness in thought, imagery, or diction.

Tran`scen*den"tal*ist, n. [Cf. F. transcendantaliste.] One who believes in transcendentalism.

Tran`scen*den*tal"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being transcendental.

Tran`scen*den"tal*ly (?), adv. In a transcendental manner.

Tran*scend"ent*ly (?), adv. In a transcendent manner.

Tran*scend"ent*ness, n. Same as Transcendence.

Tran*scen"sion (?), n. [See Transcend.] The act of transcending, or surpassing; also, passage over. [Obs.] Chapman.

Trans"co*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transcolated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Transcolating.] [Pref. trans- + L. colare, colatum, to filter, to strain.] To cause to pass through a sieve or colander; to strain, as through a sieve. [Obs.] Harvey.

Trans`co*la"tion (?), n. Act of transcolating, or state of being transcolated. [Obs.] Bp. Stillingfleet.

Trans*con`ti*nen"tal (?), a. [Pref. trans- + continental.] Extending or going across a continent; as, a transcontinental railroad or journey.

Trans*cor"po*rate (?), v. i. [Pref. trans- + corporate.] To transmigrate. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Tran*scrib"bler (trn*skrb"blr), n. A transcriber; — used in contempt.

He [Aristotle] has suffered vastly from the transcribblers, as all authors of great brevity necessarily must.

Gray.

Tran*scribe" (trn*skrb"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transcribed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Transcribing.] [L. transcribere, transcriptum; trans across, over + scribere to write. See Scribe.] To write over again, or in the same words; to copy; as, to transcribe Livy or Tacitus; to transcribe a letter.

Tran*scrib"er (-r), n. One who transcribes, or writes from a copy; a copier; a copyist.

Tran"script (trn"skrpt), n. [L. transcriptum, neut. of transcriptus, p. p. of transcribere. See Transcribe.] 1. That which has been transcribed; a writing or composition consisting of the same words as the original; a written copy.

The decalogue of Moses was but a transcript.

South.

2. A copy of any kind; an imitation.

The Grecian learning was but a transcript of the Chaldean and Egyptian.

Glanvill.

Tran*scrip"tion (trn*skrp"shn), n. [Cf. F. transcription, L. transcriptio a transfer.] 1. The act or process of transcribing, or copying; as, corruptions creep into books by repeated transcriptions.

2. A copy; a transcript. Walton.

3. (Mus.) An arrangement of a composition for some other instrument or voice than that for which it was originally written, as the translating of a song, a vocal or instrumental quartet, or even an orchestral work, into a piece for the piano; an adaptation; an arrangement; — a name applied by modern composers for the piano to a more or less fanciful and ornate reproduction on their own instrument of a song or other piece not originally intended for it; as, Liszt's transcriptions of songs by Schubert.

Tran*scrip"tive (-tv), a. Done as from a copy; having the style or appearance of a transcription. [R.] — Tran*scrip"tive*ly, adv. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

Trans*cur" (?), v. i. [L. transcurrere, transcursum; trans across, over + currere to run.] To run or rove to and fro. [Obs.] Bacon.

Trans*cur"rence (?), n. [L. transcurrens, p. pr. of transcurrere.] A roving hither and thither.

Trans*cur"sion (?), n. [Cf. L. transcursio a passing over. See Transcur.] A rambling or ramble; a passage over bounds; an excursion. [Obs.] Howell.

Trans*di"a*lect (?), v. t. [Pref. trans- + dialect.] To change or translate from one dialect into another. [R.] Bp. Warburton.

Trans*duc"tion (?), n. [L. transducere, traducere, -dictum, to lead across or over. See Traduce.] The act of conveying over. [R.] Entick.

Transe (?), n. See Trance. [Obs.]

{ Trans*el"e*ment (?), Trans*el`e*men"tate (?), } v. t. [Pref. trans- element.] To change or transpose the elements of; to transubstantiate. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

Trans*el`e*men*ta"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. transélémentation.] (Eccl.) Transubstantiation. [Obs.]

Tran"senne (?), n. A transom. [Obs.]

Tran"sept (?), n. [Pref. trans- + L. septum an inclosure. See Septum.] (Arch.) The transversal part of a church, which crosses at right angles to the greatest length, and between the nave and choir. In the basilicas, this had often no projection at its two ends. In Gothic churches these project these project greatly, and should be called the arms of the transept. It is common, however, to speak of the arms themselves as the transepts.

Tran*sex"ion (?), n. [Pref. trans- + L. sexus sex.] Change of sex. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Trans*fem"i*nate (?), v. t. [Pref. trans- + L. femina woman.] To change into a woman, as a man. [Obs. & R.] Sir T. Browne.

Trans*fer" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transferred (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Transferring.] [L. transferre; trans across, over + ferre to bear: cf. F. transférer. See Bear to carry.] 1. To convey from one place or person another; to transport, remove, or cause to pass, to another place or person; as, to transfer the laws of one country to another; to transfer suspicion.

2. To make over the possession or control of; to pass; to convey, as a right, from one person to another; to give; as, the title to land is transferred by deed.

3. To remove from one substance or surface to another; as, to transfer drawings or engravings to a lithographic stone. Tomlinson.

Syn. — To sell; give; alienate; estrange; sequester.

Trans"fer (?), n. 1. The act of transferring, or the state of being transferred; the removal or conveyance of a thing from one place or person to another.

2. (Law) The conveyance of right, title, or property, either real or personal, from one person to another, whether by sale, by gift, or otherwise.

I shall here only consider it as a transfer of property.

Burke.

3. That which is transferred. Specifically: - -

(a) A picture, or the like, removed from one body or ground to another, as from wood to canvas, or from one piece of canvas to another. Fairholt.

(b) A drawing or writing printed off from one surface on another, as in ceramics and in many decorative arts.

(c) (Mil.) A soldier removed from one troop, or body of troops, and placed in another.

4. (Med.) A pathological process by virtue of which a unilateral morbid condition on being abolished on one side of the body makes its appearance in the corresponding region upon the other side.

Transfer day, one of the days fixed by the Bank of England for the transfer, free of charge, of bank stock and government funds. These days are the first five business days in the week before three o'clock. Transfers may be made on Saturdays on payment of a fee of 2s. 6d. Bithell. — Transfer office, an office or department where transfers of stocks, etc., are made. — Transfer paper, a prepared paper used by draughtsmen, engravers, lithographers, etc., for transferring impressions. — Transfer table. (Railroad) Same as Traverse table. See under Traverse.

Trans*fer`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being transferable.

Trans*fer"a*ble (?; 277), a. [Cf. F. transférable.] 1. Capable of being transferred or conveyed from one place or person to another.

2. Negotiable, as a note, bill of exchange, or other evidence of property, that may be conveyed from one person to another by indorsement or other writing; capable of being transferred with no loss of value; as, the stocks of most public companies are transferable; some tickets are not transferable.

Trans`fer*ee" (?), n. The person to whom a transfer in made.

Trans"fer*ence (?), n. The act of transferring; conveyance; passage; transfer.

Trans`fer*og"ra*phy (?), n. [Transfer + -graphy.] The act or process of copying inscriptions, or the like, by making transfers.

Trans*fer"rence (?), n. See Transference.

Trans*fer"rer (?), n. One who makes a transfer or conveyance.

Trans*fer"ri*ble (?), a. Capable of being transferred; transferable.

Trans*fig"u*rate (?), v. t. To transfigure; to transform. [R.]

Trans*fig`u*ra"tion (?), n. [L. transfiguratio: cf. transfiguration.] 1. A change of form or appearance; especially, the supernatural change in the personal appearance of our Savior on the mount.

2. (Eccl.) A feast held by some branches of the Christian church on the 6th of August, in commemoration of the miraculous change above mentioned.

Trans*fig"ure (?; 135), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transfigured (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Transfiguring.] [F. transfigurer, L. transfigurare, transfiguratum; trans across, over + figurare to form, shape. See Figure, v. t.] 1. To change the outward form or appearance of; to metamorphose; to transform.

2. Especially, to change to something exalted and glorious; to give an ideal form to.

[Jesus] was transfigured before them; and his face did shine as the sun, and his raiment was white as the light.

Matt. xvii. 2.

Trans*fix" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transfixed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Transfixing.] [L. transfixus, p. p. of transfigure to transfix; trans across, through + figere to fix, fasten. See Fix.] To pierce through, as with a pointed weapon; to impale; as, to transfix one with a dart.

Trans*fix"ion (?), n. The act of transfixing, or the state of being transfixed, or pierced. Bp. Hall.

Trans"flu*ent (?), a. [Pref. trans- + fluent.] 1. Flowing or running across or through; as, a transfluent stream.

2. (Her.) Passing or flowing through a bridge; — said of water. Wright.

Trans"flux (?), n. [Pref. trans- + flux.] A flowing through, across, or beyond. [R.]

Trans"fo*rate (?), v. t. [L. transforatus, p. p. of transforare to pierce through; trans through + forare to bore.] To bore through; to perforate. [Obs.]

Trans*form" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transformed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Transforming.] [L. transformare, transformatum; trans across, over + formare to from: cf. F. transformer. See Form, v. t.] 1. To change the form of; to change in shape or appearance; to metamorphose; as, a caterpillar is ultimately transformed into a butterfly.

Love may transform me to an oyster.

Shak.

2. To change into another substance; to transmute; as, the alchemists sought to transform lead into gold.

3. To change in nature, disposition, heart, character, or the like; to convert.

Be ye transformed by the renewing of your mind.

Rom. xii. 2.

4. (Math.) To change, as an algebraic expression or geometrical figure, into another from without altering its value.

Trans*form", v. i. To be changed in form; to be metamorphosed. [R.]

His hair transforms to down.

Addison.

Trans*form"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being transformed or changed.

Trans`for*ma"tion (?), n. [L. transformatio: cf. transformation.] The act of transforming, or the state of being transformed; change of form or condition. Specifically: —

(a) (Biol.) Any change in an organism which alters its general character and mode of life, as in the development of the germ into the embryo, the egg into the animal, the larva into the insect (metamorphosis), etc.; also, the change which the histological units of a tissue are prone to undergo. See Metamorphosis.

(b) (Physiol.) Change of one from of material into another, as in assimilation; metabolism; metamorphosis.

(c) (Alchemy) The imagined possible or actual change of one metal into another; transmutation.

(d) (Theol.) A change in disposition, heart, character, or the like; conversion.

(e) (Math.) The change, as of an equation or quantity, into another form without altering the value.

Trans*form"a*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. transformatif.] Having power, or a tendency, to transform.

Trans*form"er (?), n. One who, or that which, transforms. Specif. (Elec.), an apparatus for producing from a given electrical current another current of different voltage.

Trans*form"ism (?), n. [F. transformisme.] (Biol.) The hypothesis, or doctrine, that living beings have originated by the modification of some other previously existing forms of living matter; — opposed to abiogenesis. Huxley.

<! p. 1529 !>

Trans*freight" (?), v. i. To transfrete. [Obs.] Waterhouse.

Trans`fre*ta"tion (?), n. [L. transfretatio. See Transfrete.] The act of passing over a strait or narrow sea. [Obs.] Sir J. Davies.

Trans*frete" (?), v. i. [L. transfretare; trans across, over + fretum a strait: cf. OF. transfreter.] To pass over a strait or narrow sea. [Written also transfreight.] [Obs.] E. Hall.

{ Trans"fuge (?), Trans*fu"gi*tive (?), } n. [L. transfuga; trans across, over + fugere to flee.] One who flees from one side to another; hence, a deserter; a turncoat; an apostate. [R.]

Trans*fund" (?), v. t. [L. transfundere; trans over, across + fundere to pour, pour out. See Found to cast, and cf. Transfuse.] To pour from one vessel into another; to transfuse. [Obs.] Barrow.

Trans*fuse" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transfused (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Transfusing.] [L. transfusus, p. p. of transfundere: cf. F. transfuser. See Transfund.] 1. To pour, as liquid, out of one vessel into another; to transfer by pouring.

2. (Med.) To transfer, as blood, from the veins or arteries of one man or animal to those of another.

3. To cause to pass from to another; to cause to be instilled or imbibed; as, to transfuse a spirit of patriotism into a man; to transfuse a love of letters.

Into thee such virtue and grace Immense I have transfused.

Milton.

Trans*fu"si*ble (?), a. Capable of being transfused; transferable by transfusion.

Trans*fu"sion (?), n. [L. transfusio: cf. F. transfusion.] 1. The act of transfusing, or pouring, as liquor, out of one vessel into another. Howell.

2. (Med.) The act or operation of transferring the blood of one man or animal into the vascular system of another; also, the introduction of any fluid into the blood vessels, or into a cavity of the body from which it can readily be adsorbed into the vessels; intrafusion; as, the peritoneal transfusion of milk.

Trans*fu"sive (?), a. Tending to transfuse; having power to transfuse.

Trans*gress" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transgressed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Transgressing.] [Cf. F. transgresser. See Transgression.] 1. To pass over or beyond; to surpass. [R.]

Surpassing common faith, transgressing nature's law.

Dryden.

2. Hence, to overpass, as any prescribed as the &?;imit of duty; to break or violate, as a law, civil or moral.

For man will hearken to his glozing lies, And easily transgress the sole command.

Milton.

3. To offend against; to vex. [Obs.]

Why give you peace to this imperate beast That hath so long transgressed you ?

Beau. & Fl.

Trans*gress", v. i. To offend against the law; to sin.

Who transgressed in the thing accursed.

I Chron. ii. 7.

Trans*gres"sion (?), n. [L. transgressio a going across, going over, transgression of the law, from transgredi, transgressus, to step across, go over; trans over, across + gradi to step, walk: cf. F. transgression. See Grade.] The act of transgressing, or of passing over or beyond any law, civil or moral; the violation of a law or known principle of rectitude; breach of command; fault; offense; crime; sin.

Forgive thy people . . . all their transgressions wherein they have transgressed against thee.

I Kings viii. 50.

What rests, but that the mortal sentence pass On his transgression, death denounced that day ?

Milton.

The transgression is in the stealer.

Shak.

Syn. — Fault; offense; crime; infringement; misdemeanor; misdeed; affront; sin.

Trans*gres"sion*al (?), a. Of pertaining to transgression; involving a transgression.

Trans*gress"ive (?), a. [Cf. L. transgressivus passing over into another class. F. transgressif.] Disposed or tending to transgress; faulty; culpable. -

Trans*gress"ive*ly, adv.

Adam, perhaps, . . . from the transgressive infirmities of himself, might have erred alone.

Sir T. Browne.

Trans*gress"or (?), n. [L.: cf. F. transgresseur.] One who transgresses; one who breaks a law, or violates a command; one who violates any known rule or principle of rectitude; a sinner.

The way of transgressors is hard.

Prov. xiii. 15.

Tran*shape" (?), v. t. To transshape. [R.] J. Webster (1623).

Tran*ship" (?), v. t. Same as Transship.

Tran*ship"ment (?), n. Same as Transshipment.

Trans*hu"man (?), a. [Pref. trans- + human.] More than human; superhuman. [R.]

Words may not tell of that transhuman change.

H. F. Cary.

Trans*hu"man*ize (?), v. t. To make more than human; to purity; to elevate above humanity. [R.]

Souls purified by sorrow and self-denial, transhumanized to the divine abstraction of pure contemplation.

Lowell.

{ Tran"sience (?), Tran"sien*cy (?), } n. The quality of being transient; transientness.

Tran"sient (?), a. [L. transiens, - entis, p. pr. of transire, transitum, to go or pass over. See Trance.] 1. Passing before the sight or perception, or, as it were, moving over or across a space or scene viewed, and then disappearing; hence, of short duration; not permanent; not lasting or durable; not stationary; passing; fleeting; brief; transitory; as, transient pleasure. "Measured this transient world." Milton.

2. Hasty; momentary; imperfect; brief; as, a transient view of a landscape.

3. Staying for a short time; not regular or permanent; as, a transient guest; transient boarders. [Colloq. U. S.]

Syn. — Transient, Transitory, Fleeting. Transient represents a thing as brief at the best; transitory, as liable at any moment to pass away. Fleeting goes further, and represents it as in the act of taking its flight. Life is transient; its joys are transitory; its hours are fleeting.

What is loose love? A transient gust.

Pope

If [we love] transitory things, which soon decay, Age must be loveliest at the latest day.

Donne.

O fleeting joys Of Paradise, dear bought with lasting woes.

Milton.

— Tran"sient*ly (#), adv. — Tran"sient*ness, n.

Tran"sient, n. That which remains but for a brief time. Glanvill.

{ Tran*sil"i*ence (?), Tran*sil"i*en*cy (?), } n. [L. transiliens, p. pr. of transilire to leap across or over; trans across, over + salire to leap.] A leap across or from one thing to another. [R.] "An unadvised transiliency." Glanvill.

||Trans*i"re (?), n. [L. transire to pass through or across, to pass.] ||(End. Law) A customhouse clearance for a coasting vessel; a permit. || Trans"it (?), n. [L. transitus, from transire to go over: cf. F. transit. See Transient.] 1. The act of passing; passage through or over.

In France you are now . . . in the transit from one form of government to another.

Burke.

2. The act or process of causing to pass; conveyance; as, the transit of goods through a country.

3. A line or route of passage or conveyance; as, the Nicaragua transit. E. G. Squier.

4. (Astron.) (a) The passage of a heavenly body over the meridian of a place, or through the field of a telescope. (b) The passage of a smaller body across the disk of a larger, as of Venus across the sun's disk, or of a satellite or its shadow across the disk of its primary.

5. An instrument resembling a theodolite, used by surveyors and engineers; — called also transit compass, and surveyor's transit.

The surveyor's transit differs from the theodolite in having the horizontal axis attached directly to the telescope which is not mounted in Y's and can be turned completely over about the axis.

Lower transit (Astron.), the passage of a heavenly body across that part of the meridian which is below the polar axis. — Surveyor's transit. See Transit, 5, above. — Transit circle (Astron.), a transit instrument with a graduated circle attached, used for observing the time of transit and the declination at one observation. See Circle, n., 3. — Transit compass. See Transit, 5, above. — Transit duty, a duty paid on goods that pass through a country. — Transit instrument. (Astron.) (a) A telescope mounted at right angles to a horizontal axis, on which it revolves with its line of collimation in the plane of the meridian, — used in connection with a clock for observing the time of transit of a heavenly body over the meridian of a place. (b) (Surv.) A surveyor's transit. See Transit, 5, above. — Transit trade (Com.), the business conected with the passage of goods through a country to their destination. — Upper transit (Astron.), the passage of a heavenly body across that part of the meridian which is above the polar axis.

Trans"it, v. t. (Astron.) To pass over the disk of (a heavenly body).

Tran*si"tion (?), n. [L. transitio: cf. F. transition. See Transient.] 1. Passage from one place or state to another; charge; as, the transition of the weather from hot to cold.

There is no death, what seems so is transition.

Longfellow.

2. (Mus.) A direct or indirect passing from one key to another; a modulation.

3. (Rhet.) A passing from one subject to another.

[He] with transition sweet, new speech resumes.

Milton.

4. (Biol.) Change from one form to another.

This word is sometimes pronounced tran*sish"un; but according to Walker, Smart, and most other authorities, the customary and preferable pronunciation is tran*sizh"un, although this latter mode violates analogy. Other authorities say tran*zish"un.

Transition rocks (Geol.), a term formerly applied to the lowest uncrystalline stratified rocks (graywacke) supposed to contain no fossils, and so called because thought to have been formed when the earth was passing from an uninhabitable to a habitable state.

Tran*si"tion*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to transition; involving or denoting transition; as, transitional changes; transitional stage.

Tran*si"tion*a*ry (?), a. Transitional.

Tran"si*tive (?), a. [L. transitivus: cf. F. transitif. See Transient.] 1. Having the power of making a transit, or passage. [R.] Bacon.

2. Effected by transference of signification.

By far the greater part of the transitive or derivative applications of words depend on casual and unaccountable caprices of the feelings or the fancy.

Stewart.

3. (Gram.) Passing over to an object; expressing an action which is not limited to the agent or subject, but which requires an object to complete the sense; as, a transitive verb, for example, he holds the book.

— Tran"si*tive*ly, adv. — Tran"si*tive*ness, n.

Tran"si*to*ri*ly (?), adv. In a transitory manner; with brief continuance.

Tran"si*to*ri*ness, n. The quality or state of being transitory; speedy passage or departure.

Tran"si*to*ry (?), a. [L. transitorius: cf. F. transitoire. See Transient.] Continuing only for a short time; not enduring; fleeting; evanescent.

Comfort and succor all those who, in this transitory life, are in trouble.

Bk. of Com. Prayer.

It was not the transitory light of a comet, which shines and glows for a wile, and then . . . vanishes into nothing.

South.

Transitory action (Law), an action which may be brought in any county, as actions for debt, and the like; — opposed to local action. Blackstone. Bouvier.

Syn. — transient; short-lived; brief. See Transient.

Trans*lat"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being translated, or rendered into another language.

Trans*late" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Translated; p. pr. & vb. n. Translating.] [f. translatus, used as p. p. of transferre to transfer, but from a different root. See Trans- , and Tolerate, and cf. Translation.] 1. To bear, carry, or remove, from one place to another; to transfer; as, to translate a tree. [Archaic] Dryden.

In the chapel of St. Catharine of Sienna, they show her head- the rest of her body being translated to Rome.

Evelyn.

2. To change to another condition, position, place, or office; to transfer; hence, to remove as by death.

3. To remove to heaven without a natural death.

By faith Enoch was translated, that he should not see death; and was not found, because God had translatedhim.

Heb. xi. 5.

4. (Eccl.) To remove, as a bishop, from one see to another. "Fisher, Bishop of Rochester, when the king would have translated him from that poor bishopric to a better, . . . refused." Camden.

5. To render into another language; to express the sense of in the words of another language; to interpret; hence, to explain or recapitulate in other words.

Translating into his own clear, pure, and flowing language, what he found in books well known to the world, but too bulky or too dry for boys and girls.

Macaulay.

6. To change into another form; to transform.

Happy is your grace, That can translatethe stubbornness of fortune Into so quiet and so sweet a style.

Shak.

7. (Med.) To cause to remove from one part of the body to another; as, to translate a disease.

8. To cause to lose senses or recollection; to entrance. [Obs.] J. Fletcher.

Trans*late, v. i. To make a translation; to be engaged in translation.

Trans*la"tion (?), n. [F. translation, L. translatio a transferring, translation, version. See Translate, and cf. Tralation.] 1. The act of translating, removing, or transferring; removal; also, the state of being translated or removed; as, the translation of Enoch; the translation of a bishop.

2. The act of rendering into another language; interpretation; as, the translation of idioms is difficult.

3. That which is obtained by translating something a version; as, a translation of the Scriptures.

4. (Rhet.) A transfer of meaning in a word or phrase, a metaphor; a tralation. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

5. (Metaph.) Transfer of meaning by association; association of ideas. A. Tucker.

6. (Kinematics) Motion in which all the points of the moving body have at any instant the same velocity and direction of motion; — opposed to rotation.

Trans`la*ti"tious (?), a. [See Tralatitious.] Metaphorical; tralatitious; also, foreign; exotic. [Obs.] Evelyn.

Trans*lat"ive (?), a. [L. translativus that is to be transferred: cf. F. translatif.] tropical; figurative; as, a translative sense. [R.] Puttenham.

Trans*lat"or (?), n. [L. translator: cf. F. translateur.] 1. One who translates; esp., one who renders into another language; one who expresses the sense of words in one language by equivalent words in another.

2. (Teleg.) A repeating instrument. [Eng.]

Trans*lat"or*ship, n. The office or dignity of a translator.

Trans*lat"o*ry (?), a. Serving to translate; transferring. [R.] Arbuthnot.

Trans*lat"ress (?), n. A woman who translates.

Trans`la*va"tion (?), n. [Pref. trans- + L. lavatio, -onis, washing.] A laving or lading from one vessel to another. [Obs.] Holland.

Trans*lit"er*ate (?), v. t. [Pref. trans- + L. litera, littera letter.] To express or represent in the characters of another alphabet; as, to transliterate Sanskrit words by means of English letters. A. J. Ellis.

Trans*lit`er*a"tion (?), n. The act or product of transliterating, or of expressing words of a language by means of the characters of another alphabet.

Trans`lo*ca"tion (?), n. [Pref. trans- + location.] removal of things from one place to another; substitution of one thing for another.

There happened certain translocations at the deluge.

Woodward.

{ Trans*lu"cence (?), Trans*lu"cen*cy (?), } n. The quality or state of being translucent; clearness; partial transparency. Sir T. Browne.

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Trans*lu"cent (?), a. [L. translucens, -entis, p. pr. of translucere to shine through; trans across, through = lucere to shine. See Lucid.] 1. Transmitting rays of light without permitting objects to be distinctly seen; partially transparent.

2. Transparent; clear. [Poetic] "Fountain or fresh current . . . translucent, pure." Milton.

Replenished from the cool, translucent springs.

Pope.

Syn. — Translucent, Transparent. A thing is translucent when it merely admits the passage of light, without enabling us to distinguish the color and outline of objects through it; it is transparent when we can clearly discern objects placed on the other side of it. Glass, water, etc., are transparent; ground glass is translucent; a translucent style.

Trans*lu"cent*ly, adv. In a translucent manner.

Trans*lu"cid (?), a. [L. translucidus; trans across, through + lucidus lucid: cf. F. translucide. See Translucent.] Translucent. [R.] Bacon.

Trans"lu*na*ry (?), a. [Pref. trans- + L. luna moon.] Being or lying beyond the moon; hence, ethereal; — opposed to sublunary. [Obs.]

Marlowe, bathed in the Thespian springs, Had in him those brave, translunary things That the first poets had.

Drayton.

Trans`ma*rine" (?), a. [L. transmarinus; trans beyond + marinus marine: cf. F. transmarin. See Marine.] Lying or being beyond the sea. Howell.

{ Trans"me*a*ble (?), Trans`me*at"a*ble (?), } a. [L. transmeabilis.] Capable of being passed over or traversed; passable. [Obs.]

Trans"me*ate (?), v. t. [L. transmeatus, p. p. of transmeare to pass across; trans across, over + meare to go.] To pass over or beyond. [Obs.]

Trans`me*a"tion (?), n. The act of transmeating; a passing through or beyond. [Obs.]

Trans*mew" (?), v. t. & i. [F. transmuer, L. transmutare. See Transmute.] To transmute; to transform; to metamorphose. [Archaic] Chaucer. Spenser.

To transmew thyself from a holy hermit into a sinful forester.

Sir W. Scott.

Trans"mi*grant (?), a. [L. transmigrans, p. pr. See Transmigrate.] Migrating or passing from one place or state to another; passing from one residence to another. — n. One who transmigrates.

Trans"mi*grate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Transmigrated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Transmigrating.] [L. transmigrare, transmigratum; trans across + migrare to migrate. See Migrate.] 1. To pass from one country or jurisdiction to another for the purpose of residence, as men or families; to migrate.

2. To pass from one body or condition into another.

Their may transmigrate into each other.

Howell.

Trans`mi*gra"tion (?), n. [F. transmigration, L. transmigratio.] 1. The act of passing from one country to another; migration.

2. The passing of the soul at death into another mortal body; metempsychosis.

Trans"mi*gra`tor (?), n. One who transmigrates. J. Ellis.

Trans*mi"gra*to*ry (?), a. Passing from one body or state to another.

Trans*mis`si*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. transmissibilité.] The quality of being transmissible.

Trans*mis"si*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. transmissible.] Capable of being transmitted from one to another; capable of being passed through any body or substance.

Trans*mis"sion (?), n. [L. transmissio; cf. F. transmission. See Transmit.] 1. The act of transmitting, or the state of being transmitted; as, the transmission of letters, writings, papers, news, and the like, from one country to another; the transmission of rights, titles, or privileges, from father to son, or from one generation to another.

2. (Law) The right possessed by an heir or legatee of transmitting to his successor or successors any inheritance, legacy, right, or privilege, to which he is entitled, even if he should die without enjoying or exercising it.

Trans*mis"sive (?), a. Capable of being transmitted; derived, or handed down, from one to another.

Itself a sun, it with transmissive light Enlivens worlds denied to human sight.

Prior.

Trans*mit" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transmitted; p. pr. & vb. n. Transmitting.] [L. transmittere, transmissum; trans across, over + mittere to send: cf. F. transmettre. See Missile.] 1. To cause to pass over or through; to communicate by sending; to send from one person or place to another; to pass on or down as by inheritance; as, to transmit a memorial; to transmit dispatches; to transmit money, or bills of exchange, from one country to another.

The ancientest fathers must be next removed, as Clement of Alexandria, and that Eusebian book of evangelic preparation, transmitting our ears through a hoard of heathenish obscenities to receive the gospel.

Milton.

The scepter of that kingdom continued to be transmitted in the dynasty of Castile.

Prescott.

2. To suffer to pass through; as, glass transmits light; metals transmit, or conduct, electricity.

Trans*mit"tal (?), n. Transmission. Swift.

Trans*mit"tance (?), n. Transmission.

Trans*mit"ter (?), n. One who, or that which, transmits; specifically, that portion of a telegraphic or telephonic instrument by means of which a message is sent; — opposed to receiver.

Trans*mit"ti*ble (?), a. Capable of being transmitted; transmissible.

Trans*mog`ri*fi*ca"tion (?), n. The act of transmogrifying, or the state of being transmogrified; transformation. [Colloq.]

Clive, who wrote me about the transmogrification of our schoolfellow, an attorney's son.

Thackeray.

Trans*mog"ri*fy (?), v. t. [A humorous coinage.] To change into a different shape; to transform. [Colloq.] Fielding.

Trans*move" (?), v. t. [Pref. trans + move.] To move or change from one state into another; to transform. [Obs.] Spenser.

Trans*mu`ta*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. transmutabilité.] The quality of being transmutable.

Trans*mut"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. transmutable. See Transmute.] Capable of being transmuted or changed into a different substance, or into into something of a different form a nature; transformable.

The fluids and solids of an animal body are easily transmutable into one another.

Arbuthnot.

— Trans*mut"a*ble*ness, n. — Trans*mut"a*bly, adv.

Trans`mu*ta"tion (?), n. [F. transmutation, L. transmutatio. See Transmute.] 1. The act of transmuting, or the state of being transmuted; as, the transmutation of metals.

2. (Geom.) The change or reduction of one figure or body into another of the same area or solidity, but of a different form, as of a triangle into a square. [R.]

3. (Biol.) The change of one species into another, which is assumed to take place in any development theory of life; transformism. Bacon.

Transmutation of metals (Alchem.), the conversion of base metals into gold or silver, a process often attempted by the alchemists. See Alchemy, and Philosopher's stone, under Philosopher.

Trans`mu*ta"tion*ist, n. One who believes in the transmutation of metals or of species.

Trans*mute" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transmuted; p. pr. & vb. n. Transmuting.] [L. transmutare, transmutatum; trans across + mutare to change. See Mutable, and cf. Transmew.] To change from one nature, form, or substance, into another; to transform.

The caresses of parents and the blandishments of friends transmute us into idols.

Buckminster.

Transmuting sorrow into golden joy Free from alloy.

H. Smith.

Trans*mut"er (?), n. One who transmutes.

Trans*mu"tu*al (?; 135), a. [Pref. trans + mutual.] Reciprocal; commutual. [R.] Coleridge.

Trans`na*ta"tion (?), n. [L. transnatare to swim over; trans across, over + natare to swim.] The act of swimming across, as a river.

Trans*na"ture (?; 135), v. t. [Pref. trans- + nature.] To transfer or transform the nature of. [Obs.]

We are transelemented, or transnatured.

Jewel.

Tran"som (?), n. [Probably fr. L. transtrum a crossbeam, transom, from trans across. Cf. Trestle.] 1. (Arch.) A horizontal crossbar in a window, over a door, or between a door and a window above it. Transom is the horizontal, as mullion is the vertical, bar across an opening. See Illust. of Mullion.

2. (Naut.) One of the principal transverse timbers of the stern, bolted to the sternpost and giving shape to the stern structure; — called also transsummer.

3. (Gun.) The piece of wood or iron connecting the cheeks of some gun carriages.

4. (Surg.) The vane of a cross-staff. Chambers.

5. (Railroad) One of the crossbeams connecting the side frames of a truck with each other.

Transom knees (Shipbuilding), knees bolted to the transoms and after timbers. — Transom window. (Arch.) (a) A window divided horizontally by a transom or transoms. (b) A window over a door, with a transom between.

Trans"pa*dane` (?), a. [L. transpadanus; trans across + Padus the Po.] Lying or being on the further side of the river Po with reference to Rome, that is, on the north side; — opposed to cispadane.

Trans*pal"a*tine (?), a. [Pref. trans- + palatine.] (Anat.) Situated beyond or outside the palatine bone; — said of a bone in the skull of some reptiles.

Trans*pare" (?), v. t. & i. [See Transparent.] To be, or cause to be, transparent; to appear, or cause to appear, or be seen, through something. [Obs.] Stirling.

Trans*par"ence (?), n. [Cf. F. transparence.] The quality or state of being transparent; transparency.

Trans*par"en*cy (?), n.; pl. Transparencies (#). [Cf. F. transparence.] 1. The quality or condition of being transparent; transparence.

2. That which is transparent; especially, a picture painted on thin cloth or glass, or impressed on porcelain, or the like, to be viewed by natural or artificial light, which shines through it. Fairholt.

Trans*par"ent (?), a. [F., from LL. transparens, -entis, p. pr. of transparere to be transparent; L. trans across, through + parere to appear. See Appear.] 1. Having the property of transmitting rays of light, so that bodies can be distinctly seen through; pervious to light; diaphanous; pellucid; as, transparent glass; a transparent diamond; — opposed to opaque. "Transparent elemental air." Milton.

2. Admitting the passage of light; open; porous; as, a transparent veil. Dryden.

Syn. — Translucent; pellucid; clear; bright; limpid; lucid; diaphanous. See Translucent.

— Trans*par"ent*ly, adv. — Trans*par"ent*ness, n.

Trans*pass" (?), v. t. [Pref. trans- + pass: cf. LL. transpassare. Cf. Trespass.] To pass over; as, Alexander transpassed the river. [Obs.] J. Gregory.

Trans*pass", v. i. To pass by; to pass away. [Obs.]

Trans*pass"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being transpassed, or crossed over. [Obs.]

Trans*pat"ron*ize (?), v. t. [Trans- + patronize.] To transfer the patronage of. [Obs.] Warner.

Tran*spe"ci*ate (?), v. t. [Pref. trans- + L. species form.] To change from one species to another; to transform. [Obs.]

Power to transpeciate a man into a horse.

Sir T. Browne.

Tran*spic"u*ous (?), a. [L. transpicere to see or look through + specere, spicere, to see. Cf. Conspicuous.] Transparent; pervious to the sight. [R.] "The wide, transpicuous air." Milton.

Trans*pierce" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transpierced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Transpiercing (?).] [Pref. trans- + pierce: cf. F. transpercer.] To pierce through; to penetrate; to permeate; to pass through.

The sides transpierced return a rattling sound.

Dryden.

Tran*spir"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. transpirable.] Capable of being transpired, or of transpiring.

Tran`spi*ra"tion (?), n. [F. transpiration.] 1. (Physiol.) The act or process of transpiring or excreting in the form of vapor; exhalation, as through the skin or other membranes of the body; as, pulmonary transpiration, or the excretion of aqueous vapor from the lungs. Perspiration is a form of transpiration. Cudworth.

2. (bot.) The evaporation of water, or exhalation of aqueous vapor, from cells and masses of tissue.

3. (Physics) The passing of gases through fine tubes, porous substances, or the like; as, transpiration through membranes.

Tran*spir"a*to*ry (?), a. Of or relating to transpiration.

Tran*spire" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Transpired (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Transpiring.] [F. transpirer; L. trans across, through + spirare to breathe. See Spirit.] 1. (Physiol.) To pass off in the form of vapor or insensible perspiration; to exhale.

2. (Bot.) To evaporate from living cells.

3. To escape from secrecy; to become public; as, the proceedings of the council soon transpired.

The story of Paulina's and Maximilian's mutual attachment had transpired through many of the travelers.

De Quincey.

4. To happen or come to pass; to occur.

This sense of the word, which is of comparatively recent introduction, is common in the United States, especially in the language of conversation and of newspaper writers, and is used to some extent in England. Its use, however, is censured by critics of both countries.

Tran*spire", v. t. 1. (Physiol.) To excrete through the skin; to give off in the form of vapor; to exhale; to perspire.

2. (Bot.) To evaporate (moisture) from living cells.

Trans*place" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transplaced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Transplacing (?).] [Pref. trans- + place.] To remove across some space; to put in an opposite or another place. [R.]

It [an obelisk] was transplaced . . . from the left side of the Vatican into a more eminent place.

Bp. Wilkins.

Trans*plant" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transplanted; p. pr. & vb. n. Transplanting.] [F. transplanter, L. transplantare; trans across, over + plantare to plant. See Plant.] 1. To remove, and plant in another place; as, to transplant trees. Dryden.

2. To remove, and settle or establish for residence in another place; as, to transplant inhabitants.

Being transplanted out of his cold, barren diocese of St. David into a warmer climate.

Clarendon.

Trans`plan*ta"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. transplantation.] 1. The act of transplanting, or the state of being transplanted; also, removal.

The transplantation of Ulysses to Sparta.

Broome.

2. (Surg.) The removal of tissues from a healthy part, and the insertion of them in another place where there is a lesion; as, the transplantation of tissues in autoplasty.

Trans*plant"er (?), n. One who transplants; also, a machine for transplanting trees.

Tran*splen"den*cy (?), n. Quality or state of being transplendent. [R.] Dr. H. More.

Tran*splen"dent (?), a. [Trans- + splendent.] Resplendent in the highest degree. [R.] — Tran*splen"dent*ly, adv. [R.]

Trans*port" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transported; p. pr. & vb. n. Transporting.] [F. transporter, L. transportare; trans across + portare to carry. See Port bearing, demeanor.] 1. To carry or bear from one place to another; to remove; to convey; as, to transport goods; to transport troops. Hakluyt.

2. To carry, or cause to be carried, into banishment, as a criminal; to banish.

3. To carry away with vehement emotion, as joy, sorrow, complacency, anger, etc.; to ravish with pleasure or ecstasy; as, music transports the soul.

[They] laugh as if transported with some fit Of passion.

Milton.

We shall then be transported with a nobler . . . wonder.

South.

Trans"port (?), n. [F. See Transport, v.] 1. Transportation; carriage; conveyance.

The Romans . . . stipulated with the Carthaginians to furnish them with ships for transport and war.

Arbuthnot.

2. A vessel employed for transporting, especially for carrying soldiers, warlike stores, or provisions, from one place to another, or to convey convicts to their destination; — called also transport ship, transport vessel.

3. Vehement emotion; passion; ecstasy; rapture.

With transport views the airy rule his own, And swells on an imaginary throne.

Pope.

Say not, in transports of despair, That all your hopes are fled.

Doddridge.

4. A convict transported, or sentenced to exile.

Trans*port`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being transportable.

Trans*port"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. transportable.] 1. Capable of being transported.

2. Incurring, or subject to, the punishment of transportation; as, a transportable offense.

Trans*port"al (?), n. Transportation; the act of removing from one locality to another. "The transportal of seeds in the wool or fur of quadrupeds." Darwin.

Trans*port"ance (?), n. Transportation. [Obs.] "Give me swift transportance." Shak.

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Trans*port"ant (?), a. Transporting; &?;avishing; as, transportant love. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

Trans`por*ta"tion (?), n. [L. transportatio: cf. F. transportation.] 1. The act of transporting, or the state of being transported; carriage from one place to another; removal; conveyance.

To provide a vessel for their transportation.

Sir H. Wotton.

2. Transport; ecstasy. [R.] South.

Trans*port"ed (?), a. Conveyed from one place to another; figuratively, carried away with passion or pleasure; entranced. — Trans*port"ed*ly, adv. — Trans*port"ed*ness, n.

Trans*port"er (?), n. One who transports.

Trans*port"ing, a. That transports; fig., ravishing.

Your transporting chords ring out.

Keble.

Trans*port"ing*ly, adv. So as to transport.

Trans*port"ment (?), n. The act of transporting, or the state of being transported; transportation. [R.]

Trans*pos"a*ble (?), a. That may transposed; as, a transposable phrase.

Trans*pos"al (?), n. The act of transposing, or the state of being transposed; transposition.

Trans*pose" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transposed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Transposing.] [F. transposer; pref. trans- (L. trans across) + poser to put. See Pose.]

1. To change the place or order of; to substitute one for the other of; to exchange, in respect of position; as, to transpose letters, words, or propositions.

2. To change; to transform; to invert. [R.]

Things base and vile, holding no quantity, Love can transpose to form and dignity.

Shak.

3. (Alg.) To bring, as any term of an equation, from one side over to the other, without destroying the equation; thus, if a + b = c, and we make a = c - b, then b is said to be transposed.

4. (Gram.) To change the natural order of, as words.

5. (Mus.) To change the key of.

Trans*pos"er (?), n. One who transposes.

Trans`po*si"tion (?), n. [F. transposition, from L. transponere, transpositum, to set over, remove, transfer; trans across, over + ponere to place. See Position.] The act of transposing, or the state of being transposed. Specifically: —

(a) (Alg.) The bringing of any term of an equation from one side over to the other without destroying the equation.

(b) (Gram.) A change of the natural order of words in a sentence; as, the Latin and Greek languages admit transposition, without inconvenience, to a much greater extent than the English.

(c) (Mus.) A change of a composition into another key.

Trans`po*si"tion*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to transposition; involving transposition. Pegge.

Trans*pos"i*tive (?), a. Made by transposing; consisting in transposition; transposable.

Trans*print" (?), v. t. [Pref. trans- + print.] To transfer to the wrong place in printing; to print out of place. [R.] Coleridge.

Trans*prose" (?), v. t. [Pref. trans- + prose.] To change from prose into verse; to versify; also, to change from verse into prose. [Obs.] Dryden.

Trans*re"gion*ate (?), a. [Pref. trans- + region.] Foreign. [Obs.] Holinshed.

Trans*shape" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transshaped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Transshaping.] [Pref. trans- + shape.] To change into another shape or form; to transform. [Written also transhape.] Shak.

Trans*ship" (?), v. t. [Pref. trans- + ship.] To transfer from one ship or conveyance to another. [Written also tranship.]

Trans*ship"ment (?), n. The act of transshipping, or transferring, as goods, from one ship or conveyance to another. [Written also transhipment.]

Trans"sum`mer (?), n. (Naut.) See Transom, 2.

Tran`sub*stan"ti*ate (?), v. t. [LL. transubstantiatus, p. p. of transubstantiare to transubstantiate; L. trans across, over + substantia substance. See Substance.] 1. To change into another substance. [R.]

The spider love which transubstantiates all, And can convert manna to gall.

Donne.

2. (R. C. Theol.) To change, as the sacramental elements, bread and wine, into the flesh and blood of Christ.

Tran`sub*stan`ti*a"tion (?), n. [LL. transubstantiatio: cf. F. transsubstantiation.] 1. A change into another substance.

2. (R. C. Theol.) The doctrine held by Roman Catholics, that the bread and wine in the Mass is converted into the body and blood of Christ; — distinguished from consubstantiation, and impanation.

Tran`sub*stan"ti*a`tor (?), n. [Cf. F. transsubstantiateur.] One who maintains the doctrine of transubstantiation. Barrow.

Tran`su*da"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. transsudation.] 1. The act or process of transuding.

2. (Physics) Same as Exosmose.

Tran*su"da*to*ry (?), a. Of or pertaining to transudation; passing by transudation.

Tran*sude" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Transuded; p. pr. & vb. n. Transuding.] [Pref. trans- + L. sudare to sweat: cf. F. transsuder.] To pass, as perspirable matter does, through the pores or interstices of textures; as, liquor may transude through leather or wood.

Tran*sume" (?), v. t. [L. transumere, transsumere, to take from one to another; trans across + sumere to take.] To change; to convert. [R.] Crashaw.

Tran*sumpt" (?), n. [L. transumere, transumptum, to take from one to another, in LL., to transcribe. See Transume.] A copy or exemplification of a record. [Obs.] Lord Herbert.

Tran*sump"tion (?), n. [L. transumptio.] Act of taking from one place to another. [R.] South.

Tran*sump"tive (?), a. [L. transumptivus.] Taking from one to another; metaphorical. [R.] "A transumptive kind of speech." Drayton.

Fictive, descriptive, digressive, transumptive, and withal definitive.

Lowell.

Trans*va"sate (?), v. t. [See Transvasation.] To pour out of one vessel into another. [Obs.] Cudworth.

Trans`va*sa"tion (?), n. [Pref. trans- + L. vas, vasis, vessel.] The act or process of pouring out of one vessel into another. [Obs.] Holland.

Trans*vec"tion (?), n. [L. transvectio, from transvehere to carry across; trans across + vehere to carry.] The act of conveying or carrying over. [R.]

Trans*ver"ber*ate (?), v. t. [L. transverberatus, p. p. of transverberare to strike or pierce through.] To beat or strike through. [Obs.]

Trans*ver"sal (?), a. [Cf. F. transversal. See Transverse.] Running or lying across; transverse; as, a transversal line. — Trans*ver"sal*ly, adv.

Trans*ver"sal, n. [Cf. F. transversale.] (Geom.) A straight line which traverses or intersects any system of other lines, as a line intersecting the three sides of a triangle or the sides produced.

Trans*verse" (?), a. [L. transversus, p. p. of transvertere to turn on direct across; trans across + vertere to turn: cf. F. transverse. See Verse, and cf. Traverse.] Lying or being across, or in a crosswise direction; athwart; — often opposed to longitudinal.

Transverse axis (of an ellipse or hyperbola) (Geom.), that axis which passes through the foci. — Transverse partition (Bot.), a partition, as of a pericarp, at right angles with the valves, as in the siliques of mustard.

Trans"verse (?), n. 1. Anything that is transverse or athwart.

2. (Geom.) The longer, or transverse, axis of an ellipse.

Trans*verse" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transversed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Transversing.] To overturn; to change. [R.] C. Leslie.

Trans*verse", v. t. [Pref. trans- + verse, n. Cf.Transpose.] To change from prose into verse, or from verse into prose. [Obs.] Duke of Buckingham.

Trans*verse"ly, adv. In a transverse manner.

Trans*ver"sion (?), n. The act of changing from prose into verse, or from verse into prose.

Trans*vert" (?), v. t. [L. transvertere. See Transverse, a.] To cause to turn across; to transverse. [Obs.] Craft of Lovers (1448).

Trans*vert"i*ble (?), a. Capable of being transverted. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

Trans`vo*la"tion (?), n. [L. transvolare to fly over or across; trans across + volare to fly.] The act of flying beyond or across. Jer. Taylor.

Trant (?), v. i. [Cf. OD. tranten to walk slowly, LG. & D. trant walk, pace.] To traffic in an itinerary manner; to peddle. [Written also traunt.] [Obs.]

Trant"er (?), n. One who trants; a peddler; a carrier. [Written also traunter.] [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

Trap (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trapped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Trapping.] [Akin to OE. trappe trappings, and perhaps from an Old French word of the same origin as E. drab a kind of cloth.] To dress with ornaments; to adorn; — said especially of horses.

Steeds . . . that trapped were in steel all glittering.

Chaucer.

To deck his hearse, and trap his tomb-black steed.

Spenser.

There she found her palfrey trapped In purple blazoned with armorial gold.

Tennyson.

Trap, n. [Sw. trapp; akin to trappa stairs, Dan. trappe, G. treppe, D. trap; — so called because the rocks of this class often occur in large, tabular masses, rising above one another, like steps. See Tramp.] (Geol.) An old term rather loosely used to designate various dark-colored, heavy igneous rocks, including especially the feldspathic- augitic rocks, basalt, dolerite, amygdaloid, etc., but including also some kinds of diorite. Called also trap rock.

Trap tufa, Trap tuff, a kind of fragmental rock made up of fragments and earthy materials from trap rocks.

Trap, a. Of or pertaining to trap rock; as, a trap dike.

Trap, n. [OE. trappe, AS. treppe; akin to OD. trappe, OHG. trapo; probably fr. the root of E. tramp, as that which is trod upon: cf. F. trappe, which is trod upon: cf. F. trappe, which perhaps influenced the English word.] 1. A machine or contrivance that shuts suddenly, as with a spring, used for taking game or other animals; as, a trap for foxes.

She would weep if that she saw a mouse Caught in a trap.

Chaucer.

2. Fig.: A snare; an ambush; a stratagem; any device by which one may be caught unawares.

Let their table be made a snare and a trap.

Rom. xi. 9.

God and your majesty Protect mine innocence, or I fall into The trap is laid for me!

Shak.

3. A wooden instrument shaped somewhat like a shoe, used in the game of trapball. It consists of a pivoted arm on one end of which is placed the ball to be thrown into the air by striking the other end. Also, a machine for throwing into the air glass balls, clay pigeons, etc., to be shot at.

4. The game of trapball.

5. A bend, sag, or partitioned chamber, in a drain, soil pipe, sewer, etc., arranged so that the liquid contents form a seal which prevents passage of air or gas, but permits the flow of liquids.

6. A place in a water pipe, pump, etc., where air accumulates for want of an outlet.

7. A wagon, or other vehicle. [Colloq.] Thackeray.

8. A kind of movable stepladder. Knight.

Trap stairs, a staircase leading to a trapdoor. — Trap tree (Bot.) the jack; - - so called because it furnishes a kind of birdlime. See 1st Jack.

Trap (?), v. t. [AS. treppan. See Trap a snare.]

1. To catch in a trap or traps; as, to trap foxes.

2. Fig.: To insnare; to take by stratagem; to entrap. "I trapped the foe." Dryden.

3. To provide with a trap; as, to trap a drain; to trap a sewer pipe. See 4th Trap, 5.

Trap, v. i. To set traps for game; to make a business of trapping game; as, to trap for beaver.

Tra*pan" (?), n. [OF. trappan. See Trap, and cf. Trepan a snare.] A snare; a stratagem; a trepan. See 3d Trepan. South.

Tra*pan", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trapanned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Trapanning.] To insnare; to catch by stratagem; to entrap; to trepan.

Having some of his people trapanned at Baldivia.

Anson.

Tra*pan"ner (?), n. One who trapans, or insnares.

Trap"ball` (?), n. An old game of ball played with a trap. See 4th Trap, 4.

Trap"door` (?), n. 1. (Arch.) A lifting or sliding door covering an opening in a roof or floor.

2. (Mining) A door in a level for regulating the ventilating current; — called also weather door. Raymond.

Trapdoor spider (Zoöl.), any one of several species of large spiders which make a nest consisting of a vertical hole in the earth, lined with a hinged lid, like a trapdoor. Most of the species belong to the genus Cteniza, as the California species (C. Californica).

Trape (?), v. i. [See Tramp, and cf. Traipse.] To walk or run about in an idle or slatternly manner; to traipse. [Obs. or Colloq.]

Trapes (?), n. [See Trape.] A slattern; an idle, sluttish, or untidy woman. [Obs. or Colloq.]

Trapes, v. i. To go about in an idle or slatternly fashion; to trape; to traipse. [Colloq.] Thackeray.

Trap"e*zate (?), a. [See Trapezium.] Having the form of a trapezium; trapeziform.

Tra*peze" (?), n. [Cf. F. trapèze.] 1. (Geom.) A trapezium. See Trapezium, 1.

2. A swinging horizontal bar, suspended at each end by a rope; — used by gymnasts.

Tra*pe"zi*form (?), a. [Trapezium + -form: cf. F. trapéziforme.] Having the form of a trapezium; trapezoid.

Tra*pe"zi*um (?), n.; pl. E. Trapeziums (#), L. Trapezia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a little table, an irregular four-sided figure, dim. of &?; a table, for &?;; &?; (see Tetra-) + &?; foot, akin to &?; foot; hence, originally, a table with four feet. See Foot.] 1. (Geom.) A plane figure bounded by four right lines, of which no two are parallel.

2. (Anat.) (a) A bone of the carpus at the base of the first metacarpal, or thumb. (b) A region on the ventral side of the brain, either just back of the pons Varolii, or, as in man, covered by the posterior extension of its transverse fibers.

Trap`e*zo*he"dral (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a trapezohedron.

Trap`e*zo*he"dron (?), n. [NL., from trapezium + Gr. &?; seat, base, fr. &?; to sit.] (Crystalloq.) (a) A solid bounded by twenty- four equal and similar trapeziums; a tetragonal trisoctahedron. See the Note under Trisoctahedron. (b) A tetartohedral solid of the hexagonal system, bounded by six trapezoidal planes. The faces of this form are common on quartz crystals.

Trap"e*zoid (?), n. [Gr. &?; trapezoid- shaped; &?; table + &?; shape, likeness: cf. F. trapézoïde. See Trapezium.] 1. (Geom.) A plane four-sided figure, having two sides parallel to each other.

2. (Anat.) A bone of the carpus at the base of the second metacarpal, or index finger.

Trap"e*zoid, a. 1. Having the form of a trapezoid; trapezoidal; as, the trapezoid ligament which connects the coracoid process and the clavicle.

2. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the trapezoid ligament; as, the trapezoid line.

Trap`e*zoid"al (?), a. [Cf. F. trapézoïdal.]

1. Having the form of a trapezoid; trapezoid.

2. (Min.) Trapezohedral.

Trap"hole (?), n. (Mil.) See Trou-de-loup.

Trap"pe*an (?), a. [Cf. F. trappéen. See Trap a kind of rock.] (Min.) Of or pertaining to trap; being of the nature of trap.

Trap"per (?), n. [From Trap to insnare.] 1. One who traps animals; one who makes a business of trapping animals for their furs. W. Irving.

2. (Mining) A boy who opens and shuts a trapdoor in a gallery or level. Raymond.

Trap"pings (?), n. pl. [From Trap to dress with ornaments.] 1. That which serves to trap or adorn; ornaments; dress; superficial decorations.

Trappings of life, for ornament, not use.

Dryden.

These but the trappings and the suits of woe.

Shak.

2. Specifically, ornaments to be put on horses.

Caparisons and steeds, Bases and tinsel trappings.

Milton.

Trap"pist (?), n. [F. trappiste.] (R. C. Ch.) A monk belonging to a branch of the Cistercian Order, which was established by Armand de Rancé in 1660 at the monastery of La Trappe in Normandy. Extreme austerity characterizes their discipline. They were introduced permanently into the United States in 1848, and have monasteries in Iowa and Kentucky.

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Trap"pous (?), n. [From Trap a kind of rock.] (Min.) Of or performance to trap; resembling trap, or partaking of its form or qualities; trappy.

Trap"pures (?), n. pl. [See Trap to dress.] Trappings for a horse. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Trap"py (?), a. (Min.) Same as Trappous.

Traps (?), n. pl. [See Trappings, and Trap to dress.] Small or portable articles for dress, furniture, or use; goods; luggage; things. [Colloq.]

Trap"stick` (?), n. A stick used in playing the game of trapball; hence, fig., a slender leg. Addison.

Trash (?), n. [Cf. Icel. tros rubbish, leaves, and twigs picked up for fuel, trassi a slovenly fellow, Sw. trasa a rag, tatter.] 1. That which is worthless or useless; rubbish; refuse.

Who steals my purse steals trash.

Shak.

A haunch of venison would be trash to a Brahmin.

Landor.

2. Especially, loppings and leaves of trees, bruised sugar cane, or the like.

In the West Indies, the decayed leaves and stems of canes are called field trash; the bruised or macerated rind of canes is called cane trash; and both are called trash. B. Edwards.

3. A worthless person. [R.] Shak.

4. A collar, leash, or halter used to restrain a dog in pursuing game. Markham.

Trash ice, crumbled ice mixed with water.

Trash, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trashed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Trashing.] 1. To free from trash, or worthless matter; hence, to lop; to crop, as to trash the rattoons of sugar cane. B. Edwards.

2. To treat as trash, or worthless matter; hence, to spurn, humiliate, or crush. [Obs.]

3. To hold back by a trash or leash, as a dog in pursuing game; hence, to retard, encumber, or restrain; to clog; to hinder vexatiously. [R.] Beau. & Fl.

Trash, v. i. To follow with violence and trampling. [R.] The Puritan (1607).

Trash"i*ly (?), adv. In a trashy manner.

Trash"i*ness, n. The quality or state of being trashy.

Trash"y (?), a. [Compar. Trashier (?); superl. Trashiest.] Like trash; containing much trash; waste; rejected; worthless; useless; as, a trashy novel.

Trass (?), n. [D. tras or Gr. trass, probably fr. It. terrazzo terrace. See Terrace.] (Geol.) A white to gray volcanic tufa, formed of decomposed trachytic cinders; — sometimes used as a cement. Hence, a coarse sort of plaster or mortar, durable in water, and used to line cisterns and other reservoirs of water. [Formerly written also tarras, tarrace, terras.]

The Dutch trass is made by burning and grinding a soft grayish rock found on the lower Rhine.

Trau"lism (?), n. [Gr. &?; a lisping, fr. &?; to lisp, to mispronounce.] A stammering or stuttering. [Obs.] Dalgarno.

Trau*mat"ic (?), a. [L. traumaticus, Gr. &?;, from &?;, &?;, a wound: cf. F. traumatique.] (Med.) (a) Of or pertaining to wounds; applied to wounds. Coxe. (b) Adapted to the cure of wounds; vulnerary. Wiseman. (c) Produced by wounds; as, traumatic tetanus. — n. A traumatic medicine.

Trau"ma*tism (?), n. (Med.) A wound or injury directly produced by causes external to the body; also, violence producing a wound or injury; as, rupture of the stomach caused by traumatism.

Traunce (?), n. & v. See Trance. [Obs.]

Traunt (?), v. i. Same as Trant. [Obs.]

Traunt"er (?), n. Same as Tranter. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

Trav"ail (?; 48), n. [F. travail; cf. Pr. trabalh, trebalh, toil, torment, torture; probably from LL. trepalium a place where criminals are tortured, instrument of torture. But the French word may be akin to L. trabs a beam, or have been influenced by a derivative from trabs (cf. Trave). Cf. Travel.] 1. Labor with pain; severe toil or exertion.

As everything of price, so this doth require travail.

Hooker.

2. Parturition; labor; as, an easy travail.

Trav"ail, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Travailed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Travailing.] [F. travailler, OF. traveillier, travaillier, to labor, toil, torment; cf. Pr. trebalhar to torment, agitate. See Travail, n.] 1. To labor with pain; to toil. [Archaic] "Slothful persons which will not travail for their livings." Latimer.

2. To suffer the pangs of childbirth; to be in labor.

Trav"ail, v. t. To harass; to tire. [Obs.]

As if all these troubles had not been sufficient to travail the realm, a great division fell among the nobility.

Hayward.

Trav"ail*ous (?), a. Causing travail; laborious. [Obs.] Wyclif. — Trav"ail*ous*ly, adv. [Obs.] Wyclif.

Trave (?), n. [Through French, fr. L. trabs, trabis, a beam; cf. OF. tref a beam, also F. travail a frame to confine a horse, OE. trave, trevys, travise, It. travaglio, F. travée the space between two beams.] 1. (Arch.) A crossbeam; a lay of joists. Maundrell.

2. A wooden frame to confine an unruly horse or ox while shoeing.

She sprung as a colt doth in the trave.

Chaucer.

Trav"el (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Traveled (?) or Travelled; p. pr. & vb. n. Traveling or Travelling.] [Properly, to labor, and the same word as travail.] 1. To labor; to travail. [Obsoles.] Hooker.

2. To go or march on foot; to walk; as, to travel over the city, or through the streets.

3. To pass by riding, or in any manner, to a distant place, or to many places; to journey; as, a man travels for his health; he is traveling in California.

4. To pass; to go; to move.

Time travels in divers paces with divers persons.

Shak.

Trav"el (?), v. t. 1. To journey over; to traverse; as, to travel the continent. "I travel this profound." Milton.

2. To force to journey. [R.]

They shall not be traveled forth of their own franchises.

Spenser.

Trav"el, n. 1. The act of traveling, or journeying from place to place; a journey.

With long travel I am stiff and weary.

Shak.

His travels ended at his country seat.

Dryden.

2. pl. An account, by a traveler, of occurrences and observations during a journey; as, a book of travels; — often used as the title of a book; as, Travels in Italy.

3. (Mach.) The length of stroke of a reciprocating piece; as, the travel of a slide valve.

4. Labor; parturition; travail. [Obs.]

Trav"eled (?), a. Having made journeys; having gained knowledge or experience by traveling; hence, knowing; experienced. [Written also travelled.]

The traveled thane, Athenian Aberdeen.

Byron.

Trav"el*er (?), n. [Written also traveler.] 1. One who travels; one who has traveled much.

2. A commercial agent who travels for the purpose of receiving orders for merchants, making collections, etc.

3. (Mach.) A traveling crane. See under Crane.

4. (Spinning) The metal loop which travels around the ring surrounding the bobbin, in a ring spinner.

5. (Naut.) An iron encircling a rope, bar, spar, or the like, and sliding thereon.

Traveler's joy (Bot.), the Clematis vitalba, a climbing plant with white flowers. — Traveler's tree. (Bot.) See Ravenala.

Trav"el-taint`ed (?), a. Harassed; fatigued with travel. [Obs.] Shak.

Trav"ers (?), adv. [F. travers, breadth, extent from side, à travers, en travers, de travers, across, athwart. See Traverse, a.] Across; athwart. [Obs.]

The earl . . . caused . . . high trees to be hewn down, and laid travers one over another.

Ld. Berners.

Trav"ers*a*ble (?), a. 1. Capable of being traversed, or passed over; as, a traversable region.

2. Deniable; specifically (Law), liable to legal objection; as, a traversable presentment. Sir M. Hale.

Trav"erse (?), a. [OF. travers, L. transversus, p. p. of transvertere to turn or direct across. See Transverse, and cf. Travers.] Lying across; being in a direction across something else; as, paths cut with traverse trenches.

Oak . . . being strong in all positions, may be better trusted in cross and traverse work.

Sir H. Wotton.

The ridges of the fallow field traverse.

Hayward.

Traverse drill (Mach.), a machine tool for drilling slots, in which the work or tool has a lateral motion back and forth; also, a drilling machine in which the spindle holder can be adjusted laterally.

Trav"erse (?), adv. Athwart; across; crosswise.

Trav"erse, n. [F. traverse. See Traverse, a.] 1. Anything that traverses, or crosses. Specifically: —

(a) Something that thwarts, crosses, or obstructs; a cross accident; as, he would have succeeded, had it not been for unlucky traverses not under his control.

(b) A barrier, sliding door, movable screen, curtain, or the like.

Men drinken and the travers draw anon.

Chaucer.

And the entrance of the king, The first traverse was drawn.

F. Beaumont.

(c) (Arch.) A gallery or loft of communication from side to side of a church or other large building. Gwilt.

(d) (Fort.) A work thrown up to intercept an enfilade, or reverse fire, along exposed passage, or line of work.

(e) (Law) A formal denial of some matter of fact alleged by the opposite party in any stage of the pleadings. The technical words introducing a traverse are absque hoc, without this; that is, without this which follows.

(f) (Naut.) The zigzag course or courses made by a ship in passing from one place to another; a compound course.

(g) (Geom.) A line lying across a figure or other lines; a transversal.

(h) (Surv.) A line surveyed across a plot of ground.

(i) (Gun.) The turning of a gun so as to make it point in any desired direction.

2. A turning; a trick; a subterfuge. [Obs.]

To work, or solve, a traverse (Naut.), to reduce a series of courses or distances to an equivalent single one; to calculate the resultant of a traverse. — Traverse board (Naut.), a small board hung in the steerage, having the points of the compass marked on it, and for each point as many holes as there are half hours in a watch. It is used for recording the courses made by the ship in each half hour, by putting a peg in the corresponding hole. — Traverse jury (Law), a jury that tries cases; a petit jury. — Traverse sailing (Naut.), a sailing by compound courses; the method or process of finding the resulting course and distance from a series of different shorter courses and distances actually passed over by a ship. — Traverse table. (a) (Naut. & Surv.) A table by means of which the difference of latitude and departure corresponding to any given course and distance may be found by inspection. It contains the lengths of the two sides of a right-angled triangle, usually for every quarter of a degree of angle, and for lengths of the hypothenuse, from 1 to 100. (b) (Railroad) A platform with one or more tracks, and arranged to move laterally on wheels, for shifting cars, etc., from one line of track to another.

Trav"erse, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Traversed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Traversing.] [Cf. F. traverser. See Traverse, a.] 1. To lay in a cross direction; to cross.

The parts should be often traversed, or crossed, by the flowing of the folds.

Dryden.

2. To cross by way of opposition; to thwart with obstacles; to obstruct; to bring to naught.

I can not but . . . admit the force of this reasoning, which I yet hope to traverse.

Sir W. Scott.

3. To wander over; to cross in traveling; as, to traverse the habitable globe.

What seas you traversed, and what fields you fought.

Pope.

4. To pass over and view; to survey carefully.

My purpose is to traverse the nature, principles, and properties of this detestable vice — ingratitude.

South.

5. (Gun.) To turn to the one side or the other, in order to point in any direction; as, to traverse a cannon.

6. (Carp.) To plane in a direction across the grain of the wood; as, to traverse a board.

7. (Law) To deny formally, as what the opposite party has alleged. When the plaintiff or defendant advances new matter, he avers it to be true, and traverses what the other party has affirmed. To traverse an indictment or an office is to deny it.

And save the expense of long litigious laws, Where suits are traversed, and so little won That he who conquers is but last undone.

Dryden.

To traverse a yard (Naut.), to brace it fore and aft.

Trav"erse (?), v. i. 1. To use the posture or motions of opposition or counteraction, as in fencing.

To see thee fight, to see thee foin, to see thee traverse.

Shak.

2. To turn, as on a pivot; to move round; to swivel; as, the needle of a compass traverses; if it does not traverse well, it is an unsafe guide.

3. To tread or move crosswise, as a horse that throws his croup to one side and his head to the other.

Trav"ers*er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, traverses, or moves, as an index on a scale, and the like.

2. (Law) One who traverses, or denies.

3. (Railroad) A traverse table. See under Traverse, n.

Trav"ers*ing, a. Adjustable laterally; having a lateral motion, or a swinging motion; adapted for giving lateral motion.

Traversing plate (Mil.), one of two thick iron plates at the hinder part of a gun carriage, where the handspike is applied in traversing the piece. Wilhelm. — Traversing platform (Mil.), a platform for traversing guns.

Trav"er*tine (?), n. [F. travertin, It. travertino, tiburtino, L. lapis Tiburtinus, fr. Tibur an ancient town of Latium, now Tivoli.] (Min.) A white concretionary form of calcium carbonate, usually hard and semicrystalline. It is deposited from the water of springs or streams holding lime in solution. Extensive deposits exist at Tivoli, near Rome.

Trav"es*ty (?), a. [F. travesti, p. p. of travestir to disguise, to travesty, It. travestire, fr. L. trans across, over + vestire to dress, clothe. See Vest.] Disguised by dress so as to be ridiculous; travestied; - - applied to a book or shorter composition. [R.]

Trav"es*ty, n.; pl. Travesties (&?;). A burlesque translation or imitation of a work.

The second edition is not a recast, but absolutely a travesty of the first.

De Quincey.

Trav"es*ty, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Travestied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Travesting.] To translate, imitate, or represent, so as to render ridiculous or ludicrous.

I see poor Lucan travestied, not appareled in his Roman toga, but under the cruel shears of an English tailor.

Bentley.

Trawl (?), v. i. [OF. trauler, troller, F. trôter, to drag about, to stroll about; probably of Teutonic origin. Cf. Troll, v. t.] To take fish, or other marine animals, with a trawl.

Trawl, n. 1. A fishing line, often extending a mile or more, having many short lines bearing hooks attached to it. It is used for catching cod, halibut, etc.; a boulter. [U. S. & Canada]

2. A large bag net attached to a beam with iron frames at its ends, and dragged at the bottom of the sea, — used in fishing, and in gathering forms of marine life from the sea bottom.

Trawl"boat` (?), n. A boat used in fishing with trawls or trawlnets.

Trawl"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, trawls.

2. A fishing vessel which trails a net behind it.

Trawl"er*man (?), n.; pl. Trawlermen (&?;). A fisherman who used unlawful arts and engines to catch fish. [Obs.] Cowell.

Trawl"net` (?), n. Same as Trawl, n., 2.

Trawl"warp` (?), n. A rope passing through a block, used in managing or dragging a trawlnet.

Tray (?), v. t. [OF. traïr, F. trahir, L. tradere. See Traitor.] To betray; to deceive. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Tray, n.; pl. Trays (#). [OE. treye, AS. treg. Cf. Trough.] 1. A small trough or wooden vessel, sometimes scooped out of a block of wood, for various domestic uses, as in making bread, chopping meat, etc.

2. A flat, broad vessel on which dishes, glasses, etc., are carried; a waiter; a salver.

3. A shallow box, generally without a top, often used within a chest, trunk, box, etc., as a removable receptacle for small or light articles.

Tray"ful (?), n.; pl. Trayfuls (&?;). As much as a tray will hold; enough to fill a tray.

Trays (?), n. pl. [Obs.] See Trais. Chaucer.

Tray"-trip` (?), n. [From Trey a three.] An old game played with dice. [Obs.] Shak.

Treach"er (?), n. [OE. trichour, trichur, OF. tricheor deceiver, traitor, F. tricheur a cheat at play, a trickster. See Treachery.] A traitor; a cheat. [Obs.]

Treacher and coward both.

Beau. & Fl.

Treach"er*ous (?), a. [See Treacher.] Like a traitor; involving treachery; violating allegiance or faith pledged; traitorous to the state or sovereign; perfidious in private life; betraying a trust; faithless.

Loyal father of a treacherous son.

Shak.

The treacherous smile, a mask for secret hate.

Cowper.

Syn. — Faithless; perfidious; traitorous; false; insidious; plotting.

— Treach"er*ous*ly, adv. — Treach"er*ous*ness, n.

Treach"er*y (?), n. [OE. trecherïe, trichere, OF. trecherie, tricherie, F. tricherie trickery, from tricher to cheat, to trick, OF. trichier, trechier; probably of Teutonic origin. See Trickery, Trick.] Violation of allegiance or of faith and confidence; treasonable or perfidious conduct; perfidy; treason.

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Be ware, ye lords, of their treachery.

Chaucer.

In the council chamber at Edinburgh, he had contracted a deep taint of treachery and corruption.

Macaulay.

{ Treach"e*tour (?), Treach"our (?), } n. [See Treacher.] A traitor. [Obs.] "Treachour full of false despite." Spenser.

Trea"cle (tr"k'l), n. [OE. triacle a sovereign remedy, theriac, OF. triacle, F. thériaque (cf. Pr. triacla, tiriaca, Sp. & It. triaca, teriaca), L. theriaca an antidote against the bite of poisonous animals, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; of wild or venomous beasts, fr. qhri`on a beast, a wild beast, dim. of qh`r a beast. Cf. Theriac.] 1. (Old Med.) A remedy against poison. See Theriac, 1.

We kill the viper, and make treacle of him.

Jer. Taylor.

2. A sovereign remedy; a cure. [Obs.]

Christ which is to every harm treacle.

Chaucer.

3. Molasses; sometimes, specifically, the molasses which drains from the sugar-refining molds, and which is also called sugarhouse molasses.

In the United States molasses is the common name; in England, treacle.

4. A saccharine fluid, consisting of the inspissated juices or decoctions of certain vegetables, as the sap of the birch, sycamore, and the like.

Treacle mustard (Bot.), a name given to several species of the cruciferous genus Erysimum, especially the E. cheiranthoides, which was formerly used as an ingredient in Venice treacle, or theriac. — Treacle water, a compound cordial prepared in different ways from a variety of ingredients, as hartshorn, roots of various plants, flowers, juices of plants, wines, etc., distilled or digested with Venice treacle. It was formerly regarded as a medicine of great virtue. Nares. — Venice treacle. (Old Med.) Same as Theriac, 1.

Trea"cly (?), a. Like, or composed of, treacle.

Tread (?), v. i. [imp. Trod (?); p. p. Trodden (?), Trod; p. pr. & vb. n. Treading.] [OE. treden, AS. tredan; akin to OFries. treda, OS. tredan, D. & LG. treden, G. treten, OHG. tretan, Icel. tro&?;a, Sw. tråda, träda, Dan. træde, Goth. trudan, and perhaps ultimately to F. tramp; cf. Gr. &?; a running, Skr. dram to run. Cf. Trade, Tramp, Trot.] 1. To set the foot; to step.

Where'er you tread, the blushing flowers shall rise.

Pope.

Fools rush in where angels fear to tread.

Pope.

The hard stone Under our feet, on which we tread and go.

Chaucer.

2. To walk or go; especially, to walk with a stately or a cautious step.

Ye that . . . stately tread, or lowly creep.

Milton.

3. To copulate; said of birds, esp. the males. Shak.

To tread on or upon. (a) To trample; to set the foot on in contempt. "Thou shalt tread upon their high places." Deut. xxxiii. 29. (b) to follow closely. "Year treads on year." Wordsworth. — To tread upon the heels of, to follow close upon. "Dreadful consequences that tread upon the heels of those allowances to sin." Milton.

One woe doth tread upon another's heel.

Shak.

Tread, v. t. 1. To step or walk on.

Forbid to tread the promised land he saw.

Prior.

Methought she trod the ground with greater grace.

Dryden.

2. To beat or press with the feet; as, to tread a path; to tread land when too light; a well- trodden path.

3. To go through or accomplish by walking, dancing, or the like. " I am resolved to forsake Malta, tread a pilgrimage to fair Jerusalem." Beau. & Fl.

They have measured many a mile, To tread a measure with you on this grass.

Shak.

4. To crush under the foot; to trample in contempt or hatred; to subdue.

Through thy name will we tread them under that rise up against us.

Ps. xliv. 5.

5. To copulate with; to feather; to cover; — said of the male bird. Chaucer.

To tread out, to press out with the feet; to press out, as wine or wheat; as, to tread out grain with cattle or horses. — To tread the stage, to act as a stageplayer; to perform a part in a drama.

Tread, n. 1. A step or stepping; pressure with the foot; a footstep; as, a nimble tread; a cautious tread.

She is coming, my own, my sweet; Were it ever so airy a tread, My heart would hear her and beat.

Tennyson.

2. Manner or style of stepping; action; gait; as, the horse has a good tread.

3. Way; track; path. [R.] Shak.

4. The act of copulation in birds.

5. (Arch.) The upper horizontal part of a step, on which the foot is placed.

6. (Fort.) The top of the banquette, on which soldiers stand to fire over the parapet.

7. (Mach.) (a) The part of a wheel that bears upon the road or rail. (b) The part of a rail upon which car wheels bear.

8. (Biol.) The chalaza of a bird's egg; the treadle.

9. (Far.) A bruise or abrasion produced on the foot or ankle of a horse that interferes. See Interfere, 3.

Tread"board` (?), n. [Arch.] See Tread, n., 5.

Tread"er (?), n. One who treads. Isa. xvi. 10.

Tread"fowl` (?), n. A cock. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Trea"dle (?), n. [OE. tredyl a step, AS. tredel. See Tread.] 1. The part of a foot lathe, or other machine, which is pressed or moved by the foot.

2. (Biol.) The chalaza of a bird's egg; the tread.

Tread"mill` (?), n. A mill worked by persons treading upon steps on the periphery of a wide wheel having a horizontal axis. It is used principally as a means of prison discipline. Also, a mill worked by horses, dogs, etc., treading an endless belt.

Tread"-soft`ly (?), n. (Bot.) Spurge nettle. See under Nettle.

Tread"wheel` (?), n. A wheel turned by persons or animals, by treading, climbing, or pushing with the feet, upon its periphery or face. See Treadmill.

Treague (?), n. [It. tregua; of Teutonic origin, and akin to E. true.] A truce. [Obs.] Spenser.

Trea"son (?), n. [OE. tresun, treisun, traisoun, OF. traïson, F. trahison, L. traditio a giving up, a delivering up, fr. tradere to give up, betray. See Traitor, and cf. Tradition.] 1. The offense of attempting to overthrow the government of the state to which the offender owes allegiance, or of betraying the state into the hands of a foreign power; disloyalty; treachery.

The treason of the murthering in the bed.

Chaucer.

In monarchies, the killing of the sovereign, or an attempt to take his life, is treason. In England, to imagine or compass the death of the king, or of the queen consort, or of the heir apparent to the crown, is high treason, as are many other offenses created by statute. In the United States, treason is confined to the actual levying of war against the United States, or to an adhering to their enemies, giving them aid and comfort.

2. Loosely, the betrayal of any trust or confidence; treachery; perfidy.

If he be false, she shall his treason see.

Chaucer.

Petit treason. See under Petit.

Trea"son*a*ble (?), a. Pertaining to treason; consisting of treason; involving the crime of treason, or partaking of its guilt.

Most men's heads had been intoxicated with imaginations of plots and treasonable practices.

Clarendon.

Syn. — Treacherous; traitorous; perfidious; insidious.

—Trea"son*a*ble*ness, n. — Trea"son*a*bly, adv.

Trea"son*ous (?), a. Treasonable. Shak.

The treasonous book of the Court of King James.

Pepys.

Treas"ure (?), n. [OE. tresor, tresour, F. trésor, L. thesaurus, Gr. &?; a stone laid up, treasure, probably from the root of &?; to put, place. See Thesis, and cf. Thesaurus.] 1. Wealth accumulated; especially, a stock, or store of money in reserve.

This treasure hath fortune unto us given.

Chaucer.

2. A great quantity of anything collected for future use; abundance; plenty.

We have treasures in the field, of wheat and of barley, and of oil and of honey.

Jer. xli. 8.

3. That which is very much valued.

Ye shall be peculiar treasure unto me.

Ex. xix. 5.

From thy wardrobe bring thy chiefest treasure.

Milton.

Treasure city, a city for stores and magazines. Ex. i. 11.

Treas"ure, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Treasured (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Treasuring.] To collect and deposit, as money or other valuable things, for future use; to lay up; to hoard; usually with up; as, to treasure up gold.

Treas"ure-house` (?), n. A house or building where treasures and stores are kept.

Treas"ur*er (?), n. [OE. tresourer, F. trésorier.] One who has the care of a treasure or treasure or treasury; an officer who receives the public money arising from taxes and duties, or other sources of revenue, takes charge of the same, and disburses it upon orders made by the proper authority; one who has charge of collected funds; as, the treasurer of a society or corporation.

Lord high treasurer of England, formerly, the third great officer of the crown. His office is now executed by five persons styled the lords commissioners of the treasury, or treasury lords.

Treas"ur*er*ship, n. The office of treasurer.

Treas"ur*ess, n. A woman who is a treasurer. [R.]

Treas"ure-trove` (?), n. [Treasure + OF. trové, F. trouvé, p. p. of OF. trover to find, F. trouver. See Trover.] (Common Law) Any money, bullion, or the like, found in the earth, or otherwise hidden, the owner of which is not known. In England such treasure belongs to the crown; whereas similar treasure found in the sea, or upon the surface of the land, belongs to the finder if no owner appears.

Treas"ur*y (?), n.; pl. Treasuries (#). [OE. tresorie, F. trésorerie.] 1. A place or building in which stores of wealth are deposited; especially, a place where public revenues are deposited and kept, and where money is disbursed to defray the expenses of government; hence, also, the place of deposit and disbursement of any collected funds.

2. That department of a government which has charge of the finances.

3. A repository of abundance; a storehouse.

4. Hence, a book or work containing much valuable knowledge, wisdom, wit, or the like; a thesaurus; as, " Maunder's Treasury of Botany."

5. A treasure. [Obs.] Marston.

Board of treasury, the board to which is intrusted the management of all matters relating to the sovereign's civil list or other revenues. [Eng.] Brande & C. — Treasury bench, the first row of seats on the right hand of the Speaker in the House of Commons; — so called because occupied by the first lord of the treasury and chief minister of the crown. [Eng.] — Treasury lord. See Lord high treasurer of England, under Treasurer. [Eng.] — Treasury note (U. S. Finance), a circulating note or bill issued by government authority from the Treasury Department, and receivable in payment of dues to the government.

Treat (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Treated; p. pr. & vb. n. Treating.] [OE. treten, OF. traitier, F. traiter, from L. tractare to draw violently, to handle, manage, treat, v. intens. from trahere, tractum, to draw. See Trace, v. t., and cf. Entreat, Retreat, Trait.] 1. To handle; to manage; to use; to bear one's self toward; as, to treat prisoners cruelly; to treat children kindly.

2. To discourse on; to handle in a particular manner, in writing or speaking; as, to treat a subject diffusely.

3. To entertain with food or drink, especially the latter, as a compliment, or as an expression of friendship or regard; as, to treat the whole company.

4. To negotiate; to settle; to make terms for. [Obs.]

To treat the peace, a hundred senators Shall be commissioned.

Dryden.

5. (Med.) To care for medicinally or surgically; to manage in the use of remedies or appliances; as, to treat a disease, a wound, or a patient.

6. To subject to some action; to apply something to; as, to treat a substance with sulphuric acid. Ure.

7. To entreat; to beseech. [Obs.] Ld. Berners.

Treat (?), v. i. 1. To discourse; to handle a subject in writing or speaking; to make discussion; — usually with of; as, Cicero treats of old age and of duties.

And, shortly of this story for to treat.

Chaucer.

Now of love they treat.

Milton.

2. To negotiate; to come to terms of accommodation; — often followed by with; as, envoys were appointed to treat with France.

Inform us, will the emperor treat!

Swift.

3. To give a gratuitous entertainment, esp. of food or drink, as a compliment.

Treat, n. 1. A parley; a conference. [Obs.]

Bid him battle without further treat.

Spenser.

2. An entertainment given as an expression of regard.

3. That which affords entertainment; a gratification; a satisfaction; as, the concert was a rich treat.

Treat"a*ble (?), a. [OE. tretable, F. traitable, L. tractabilis. See Treat, and cf. Tractable.] Manageable; tractable; hence, moderate; not violent. [Obs.] " A treatable disposition, a strong memory." R. Parr.

A kind of treatable dissolution.

Hooker.

The heats or the colds of seasons are less treatable than with us.

Sir W. Temple.

Treat"a*bly, adv. In a treatable manner. [Obs.]

Treat"er (?), n. One who treats; one who handles, or discourses on, a subject; also, one who entertains.

Trea"tise (?), n. [OE. tretis, OF. treitis, traitis, well made. See Treat.] 1. A written composition on a particular subject, in which its principles are discussed or explained; a tract. Chaucer.

He published a treatise in which he maintained that a marriage between a member of the Church of England and a dissenter was a nullity.

Macaulay.

A treatise implies more form and method than an essay, but may fall short of the fullness and completeness of a systematic exposition.

2. Story; discourse. [R.] Shak.

Trea"tis*er (?), n. One who writes a treatise. [Obs.]

Treat"ment (?), n. [Cf. F. traitement. See Treat.] 1. The act or manner of treating; management; manipulation; handling; usage; as, unkind treatment; medical treatment.

2. Entertainment; treat. [Obs.]

Accept such treatment as a swain affords.

Pope.

Trea"ture (?), n. Treatment. [Obs.] Fabyan.

Trea"ty (?), n.; pl. Treaties (#). [OE. tretee, F. traité, LL. tractatus; cf. L. tractatus a handling, treatment, consultation, tractate. See Treat, and cf. Tractate.] 1. The act of treating for the adjustment of differences, as for forming an agreement; negotiation. "By sly and wise treaty." Chaucer.

He cast by treaty and by trains Her to persuade.

Spenser.

2. An agreement so made; specifically, an agreement, league, or contract between two or more nations or sovereigns, formally signed by commissioners properly authorized, and solemnly ratified by the several sovereigns, or the supreme power of each state; an agreement between two or more independent states; as, a treaty of peace; a treaty of alliance.

3. A proposal tending to an agreement. [Obs.] Shak.

4. A treatise; a tract. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Tre"ble (?), a. [OE. treble threefold, OF. treble, treible, L. triplus. See Triple.] 1. Threefold; triple.

A lofty tower, and strong on every side With treble walls.

Dryden.

2. (Mus.) (a) Acute; sharp; as, a treble sound. Bacon. (b) Playing or singing the highest part or most acute sounds; playing or singing the treble; as, a treble violin or voice.

Tre"ble, adv. Trebly; triply. [Obs.] J. Fletcher.

Tre"ble, n. [" It has been said to be a corruption of triplum [Lat.], a third part, superadded to the altus and bassus (high and low)." Grove.] (Mus.) The highest of the four principal parts in music; the part usually sung by boys or women; soprano.

This is sometimes called the first treble, to distinguish it from the second treble, or alto, which is sung by lower female voices.

Tre"ble, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trebled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Trebling.] 1. To make thrice as much; to make threefold. "Love trebled life." Tennyson.

2. To utter in a treble key; to whine. [Obs.]

He outrageously (When I accused him) trebled his reply.

Chapman.

Tre"ble, v. i. To become threefold. Swift.

Tre"ble*ness, n. The quality or state of being treble; as, the trebleness of tones. Bacon.

Treb"let (?), n. Same as Triblet.

Tre"bly (?), adv. In a treble manner; with a threefold number or quantity; triply. Swift.

{ Treb"u*chet (?), Tre"buck*et (?), } n. [OF. trebuchet, trebukiet, an engine of war for hurling stones, F. trébuchet a gin, trap, a kind of balance, fr. OF. trebuchier, trebuquier, to stumble, trip, F. trébucher.] 1. A cucking stool; a tumbrel. Cowell.

2. A military engine used in the Middle Ages for throwing stones, etc. It acted by means of a great weight fastened to the short arm of a lever, which, being let fall, raised the end of the long arm with great velocity, hurling stones with much force.

<! p. 1534 !>

3. A kind of balance for weighing. [Obs.]

Tre*chom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. &?; to run + - meter.] An odometer for vehicles. Knight.

||Treck"schuyt` (?), n. [D. trekschuit; trekken to draw + schuit a ||boat. Cf. Trackscout.] A covered boat for goods and passengers, used ||on the Dutch and Flemish canals. || Tred"dle (?), n. [See Treadle.] 1. See Treadle.

2. A prostitute; a strumpet. [Obs.] Ford.

3. pl. The dung of sheep or hares. Holland.

Tre*dille" (?), n. A game at cards for three.

Tree (tr), n. [OE. tree, tre, treo, AS. treó, treów, tree, wood; akin to OFries. tr, OS. treo, trio, Icel. tr, Dan. træ, Sw. trä, träd, Goth. triu, Russ. drevo, W. derw an oak, Ir. darag, darog, Gr. dry^s a tree, oak, do`ry a beam, spear shaft, spear, Skr. dru tree, wood, dru wood. √63, 241. Cf. Dryad, Germander, Tar, n., Trough.]

1. (Bot.) Any perennial woody plant of considerable size (usually over twenty feet high) and growing with a single trunk.

The kind of tree referred to, in any particular case, is often indicated by a modifying word; as forest tree, fruit tree, palm tree, apple tree, pear tree, etc.

2. Something constructed in the form of, or considered as resembling, a tree, consisting of a stem, or stock, and branches; as, a genealogical tree.

3. A piece of timber, or something commonly made of timber; — used in composition, as in axletree, boottree, chesstree, crosstree, whiffletree, and the like.

4. A cross or gallows; as Tyburn tree.

[Jesus] whom they slew and hanged on a tree.

Acts x. 39.

5. Wood; timber. [Obs.] Chaucer.

In a great house ben not only vessels of gold and of silver but also of tree and of earth.

Wyclif (2 Tim. ii. 20).

6. (Chem.) A mass of crystals, aggregated in arborescent forms, obtained by precipitation of a metal from solution. See Lead tree, under Lead.

Tree bear (Zoöl.), the raccoon. [Local, U. S.] — Tree beetle (Zoöl.) any one of numerous species of beetles which feed on the leaves of trees and shrubs, as the May beetles, the rose beetle, the rose chafer, and the goldsmith beetle. — Tree bug (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of hemipterous insects which live upon, and suck the sap of, trees and shrubs. They belong to Arma, Pentatoma, Rhaphigaster, and allied genera. — Tree cat (Zool.), the common paradoxure (Paradoxurus musang). — Tree clover (Bot.), a tall kind of melilot (Melilotus alba). See Melilot. — Tree crab (Zoöl.), the purse crab. See under Purse. — Tree creeper (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of arboreal creepers belonging to Certhia, Climacteris, and allied genera. See Creeper, 3. — Tree cricket (Zoöl.), a nearly white arboreal American cricket (Ecanthus nivœus) which is noted for its loud stridulation; — called also white cricket. — Tree crow (Zoöl.), any one of several species of Old World crows belonging to Crypsirhina and allied genera, intermediate between the true crows and the jays. The tail is long, and the bill is curved and without a tooth. — Tree dove (Zoöl.) any one of several species of East Indian and Asiatic doves belonging to Macropygia and allied genera. They have long and broad tails, are chiefly arboreal in their habits, and feed mainly on fruit. — Tree duck (Zoöl.), any one of several species of ducks belonging to Dendrocygna and allied genera. These ducks have a long and slender neck and a long hind toe. They are arboreal in their habits, and are found in the tropical parts of America, Africa, Asia, and Australia. — Tree fern (Bot.), an arborescent fern having a straight trunk, sometimes twenty or twenty-five feet high, or even higher, and bearing a cluster of fronds at the top. Most of the existing species are tropical. — Tree fish (Zoöl.), a California market fish (Sebastichthys serriceps). — Tree frog. (Zoöl.) (a) Same as Tree toad. (b) Any one of numerous species of Old World frogs belonging to Chiromantis, Rhacophorus, and allied genera of the family Ranidæ. Their toes are furnished with suckers for adhesion. The flying frog (see under Flying) is an example. — Tree goose (Zoöl.), the bernicle goose. — Tree hopper (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of small leaping hemipterous insects which live chiefly on the branches and twigs of trees, and injure them by sucking the sap. Many of them are very odd in shape, the prothorax being often prolonged upward or forward in the form of a spine or crest. — Tree jobber (Zoöl.), a woodpecker. [Obs.] — Tree kangaroo. (Zoöl.) See Kangaroo. — Tree lark (Zoöl.), the tree pipit. [Prov. Eng.] — Tree lizard (Zoöl.), any one of a group of Old World arboreal lizards (Dendrosauria) comprising the chameleons. — Tree lobster. (Zoöl.) Same as Tree crab, above. — Tree louse (Zoöl.), any aphid; a plant louse. — Tree moss. (Bot.) (a) Any moss or lichen growing on trees. (b) Any species of moss in the form of a miniature tree. — Tree mouse (Zoöl.), any one of several species of African mice of the subfamily Dendromyinæ. They have long claws and habitually live in trees. — Tree nymph, a wood nymph. See Dryad. — Tree of a saddle, a saddle frame. — Tree of heaven (Bot.), an ornamental tree (Ailantus glandulosus) having long, handsome pinnate leaves, and greenish flowers of a disagreeable odor. — Tree of life (Bot.), a tree of the genus Thuja; arbor vitæ. — Tree onion (Bot.), a species of garlic (Allium proliferum) which produces bulbs in place of flowers, or among its flowers. — Tree oyster (Zoöl.), a small American oyster (Ostrea folium) which adheres to the roots of the mangrove tree; — called also raccoon oyster. — Tree pie (Zoöl.), any species of Asiatic birds of the genus Dendrocitta. The tree pies are allied to the magpie. — Tree pigeon (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of longwinged arboreal pigeons native of Asia, Africa, and Australia, and belonging to Megaloprepia, Carpophaga, and allied genera. — Tree pipit. (Zoöl.) See under Pipit. — Tree porcupine (Zoöl.), any one of several species of Central and South American arboreal porcupines belonging to the genera Chætomys and Sphingurus. They have an elongated and somewhat prehensile tail, only four toes on the hind feet, and a body covered with short spines mixed with bristles. One South American species (S. villosus) is called also couiy; another (S. prehensilis) is called also cœndou. — Tree rat (Zoöl.), any one of several species of large ratlike West Indian rodents belonging to the genera Capromys and Plagiodon. They are allied to the porcupines. — Tree serpent (Zoöl.), a tree snake. — Tree shrike (Zoöl.), a bush shrike. — Tree snake (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of snakes of the genus Dendrophis. They live chiefly among the branches of trees, and are not venomous. — Tree sorrel (Bot.), a kind of sorrel (Rumex Lunaria) which attains the stature of a small tree, and bears greenish flowers. It is found in the Canary Islands and Teneriffe. — Tree sparrow (Zoöl.) any one of several species of small arboreal sparrows, especially the American tree sparrow (Spizella monticola), and the common European species (Passer montanus). — Tree swallow (Zoöl.), any one of several species of swallows of the genus Hylochelidon which lay their eggs in holes in dead trees. They inhabit Australia and adjacent regions. Called also martin in Australia. — Tree swift (Zoöl.), any one of several species of swifts of the genus Dendrochelidon which inhabit the East Indies and Southern Asia. — Tree tiger (Zoöl.), a leopard. — Tree toad (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of amphibians belonging to Hyla and allied genera of the family Hylidæ. They are related to the common frogs and toads, but have the tips of the toes expanded into suckers by means of which they cling to the bark and leaves of trees. Only one species (Hyla arborea) is found in Europe, but numerous species occur in America and Australia. The common tree toad of the Northern United States (H. versicolor) is noted for the facility with which it changes its colors. Called also tree frog. See also Piping frog, under Piping, and Cricket frog, under Cricket. — Tree warbler (Zoöl.), any one of several species of arboreal warblers belonging to Phylloscopus and allied genera. — Tree wool (Bot.), a fine fiber obtained from the leaves of pine trees.

Tree (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Treed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Treeing.] 1. To drive to a tree; to cause to ascend a tree; as, a dog trees a squirrel. J. Burroughs.

2. To place upon a tree; to fit with a tree; to stretch upon a tree; as, to tree a boot. See Tree, n., 3.

Tree"beard` (?), n. (Bot.) A pendulous branching lichen (Usnea barbata); — so called from its resemblance to hair.

Tree"ful (?), n.; pl. Treefuls (&?;). The quantity or number which fills a tree.

Tree"less, a. Destitute of trees. C. Kingsley.

Treen (?), a. [AS. treówen.] 1. Made of wood; wooden. [Obs.] " Treen cups." Camden.

2. Relating to, or drawn from, trees. [Obs.] Spenser.

Treen liquors, especially that of the date.

Evelyn.

Treen, obs. pl. of Tree. " The shady treen." Fairfax.

Tree"nail` (?), n. [Tree + nail.] (Shipbuilding) A long wooden pin used in fastening the planks of a vessel to the timbers or to each other. [Written also trenail, and trunnel.]

Tre"fle (?), n. [F. tréfle. See Trefoil.] (Fort.) A species of time; — so called from its resemblance in form to a trefoil.

||Tré`flé" (?), a. [F. tréflé. See Trefoil.] (Her.) Having a ||three-lobed extremity or extremities, as a cross; also, more rarely, ||ornamented with trefoils projecting from the edges, as a bearing. || Tre"foil (?), n. [L. tres three + E. foil leaf; cf. F. frèfle, It. trifoglio, L. trifolium. See Tri-, Foil leaf, and cf. Trifoly.] 1. (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Trifolium, which includes the white clover, red clover, etc.; — less properly, applied also to the nonesuch, or black medic. See Clover, and Medic.

2. (Arch.) An ornamental foliation consisting of three divisions, or foils.

3. (Her.) A charge representing the clover leaf.

Tre"foiled` (?), a. (Her.) Same as Tréflé.

Treg"et (?), n. [See Tregetour.] Guile; trickery. [Obs.] Rom. of R.

Treg"et*our (?), n. [OE. tresgeteor. See Trans-, and Jet a shooting forth.] A juggler who produces illusions by the use of elaborate machinery. [Obs.]

Divers appearances Such as these subtle tregetours play.

Chaucer.

Treg"et*ry (?), n. Trickery; also, a trick. [Obs.] Rom. of R.

Tre*ha"la (?), n. (Chem.) An amorphous variety of manna obtained from the nests and cocoons of a Syrian coleopterous insect (Larinus maculatus, L. nidificans, etc.) which feeds on the foliage of a variety of thistle. It is used as an article of food, and is called also nest sugar.

Tre"ha*lose` (?), n. (Chem.) Mycose; — so called because sometimes obtained from trehala.

Treil"lage (?), n. [F. treillage. See Trellis.] Latticework for supporting vines, etc.; an espalier; a trellis. Spectator.

I shall plant the roses against my treillage to- morrow.

Walpole.

Trel"lis (?), n. [OE. relis, F. treillis, fr. treille vine arbor, fr. L. tricla, triclea, triclia, a bower, arbor, summer house.] A structure or frame of crossbarred work, or latticework, used for various purposes, as for screens or for supporting plants.

Trel"lised (?), a. Having a trellis or trellises.

Cottages trellised over with exotic plants.

Jeffrey.

||Tre*man"do (?), a. [It.] (Mus.) Trembling; — used as a direction to ||perform a passage with a general shaking of the whole chord. || Trem"a*tode (?), n. (Zoöl.) One of the Trematodea. Also used adjectively.

||Trem`a*to"de*a (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. &?; having holes, from &?;, ||&?;, a hole.] (Zoöl.) An extensive order of parasitic worms. They are ||found in the internal cavities of animals belonging to all classes. ||Many species are found, also, on the gills and skin of fishes. A few ||species are parasitic on man, and some, of which the fluke is the ||most important, are injurious parasites of domestic animals. The ||trematodes usually have a flattened body covered with a chitinous ||skin, and are furnished with two or more suckers for adhesion. Most ||of the species are hermaphrodite. Called also Trematoda, and ||Trematoidea. See Fluke, Tristoma, and Cercaria. || Trem"a*toid (?), a. [From Gr. &?;, &?;, a hole + &?; form.] (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to the Trematodea. See Illustration in Appendix.

Trem"ble (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Trembled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Trembling (?).] [F. trembler, fr. L. tremulus trembling, tremulous, fr. tremere to shake, tremble; akin to Gr. &?;, Lith. trimti. Cf. Tremulous, Tremor.] 1. To shake involuntarily, as with fear, cold, or weakness; to quake; to quiver; to shiver; to shudder; — said of a person or an animal.

I tremble still with fear.

Shak.

Frighted Turnus trembled as he spoke.

Dryden.

2. To totter; to shake; — said of a thing.

The Mount of Sinai, whose gray top Shall tremble.

Milton.

3. To quaver or shake, as sound; to be tremulous; as the voice trembles.

Trem"ble, n. An involuntary shaking or quivering.

I am all of a tremble when I think of it.

W. Black.

Trem"bler (?), n. One who trembles.

Trem"bling (?), a. Shaking; tottering; quivering. — Trem"bling*ly, adv.

Trembling poplar (Bot.), the aspen.

||Tre*mel"la (?), n. [NL., fr. L. tremere, to tremble: cf. It. ||tremella, F. tremelle.] (Bot.) A genus of gelatinous fungi found in ||moist grounds. || Tre*men"dous (?), a. [L. tremendus that is to be trembled at, fearful, fr. tremere to tremble. See Tremble.] Fitted to excite fear or terror; such as may astonish or terrify by its magnitude, force, or violence; terrible; dreadful; as, a tremendous wind; a tremendous shower; a tremendous shock or fall.

A tremendous mischief was a foot.

Motley.

Syn. — Terrible; dreadful; frightful; terrific; horrible; awful.

— Tre*men"dous*ly, adv. — Tre*men"dous*ness, n.

||Tre"mex (?), n. [NL.] (Zoöl.) A genus of large hymenopterous insects ||allied to the sawflies. The female lays her eggs in holes which she ||bores in the trunks of trees with her large and long ovipositor, and ||the larva bores in the wood. See Illust. of Horntail. || The pigeon tremex (Tremex columba), a common American species, infests the elm, pear, and other trees.

||Tre*mo*lan"do (?), a. [It.] (Mus.) Same as Tremando. || Trem"o*lite, n. [From Tremola, a valley in the Alps, where it was discovered.] (Min.) A white variety of amphibole, or hornblende, occurring in long, bladelike crystals, and coarsely fibrous masses.

||Tre"mo*lo (?), n. [It. Cf. Tremulous.] (Mus.) (a) The rapid ||reiteration of tones without any apparent cessation, so as to produce ||a tremulous effect. (b) A certain contrivance in an organ, which ||causes the notes to sound with rapid pulses or beats, producing a ||tremulous effect; — called also tremolant, and tremulant. || Tre"mor (?), n. [L., from tremere to tremble. See Tremble, v.] A trembling; a shivering or shaking; a quivering or vibratory motion; as, the tremor of a person who is weak, infirm, or old.

He fell into an universal tremor of all his joints.

Harvey.

{ Trem"u*lant (?), Trem"u*lent (?), } a. Tremulous; trembling; shaking. [R.] " With tremulent white rod." Carlyle.

Trem"u*lous (?), a. [L. tremulus, fr. tremere to tremble. See Tremble.] 1. Shaking; shivering; quivering; as, a tremulous limb; a tremulous motion of the hand or the lips; the tremulous leaf of the poplar.

2. Affected with fear or timidity; trembling.

The tender, tremulous Christian.

Dr. H. More.

— Trem"u*lous*ly, adv. — Trem"u*lous*ness, n.

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Tren (?), n. [See Treen wooden.] A fish spear. [Obs.] Ainsworth.

Tre"nail` (?), n. (Shipbuilding) Same as Treenail.

Trench (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trenched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Trenching.] [OF. trenchier to cut, F. trancher; akin to Pr. trencar, trenchar, Sp. trinchar, It. trinciare; of uncertain origin.] 1. To cut; to form or shape by cutting; to make by incision, hewing, or the like.

The wide wound that the boar had trenched In his soft flank.

Shak.

This weak impress of love is as a figure Trenched in ice, which with an hour's heat Dissolves to water, and doth lose its form.

Shak.

2. (Fort.) To fortify by cutting a ditch, and raising a rampart or breastwork with the earth thrown out of the ditch; to intrench. Pope.

No more shall trenching war channel her fields.

Shak.

3. To cut furrows or ditches in; as, to trench land for the purpose of draining it.

4. To dig or cultivate very deeply, usually by digging parallel contiguous trenches in succession, filling each from the next; as, to trench a garden for certain crops.

Trench, v. i. 1. To encroach; to intrench.

Does it not seem as if for a creature to challenge to itself a boundless attribute, were to trench upon the prerogative of the divine nature?

I. Taylor.

2. To have direction; to aim or tend. [R.] Bacon.

To trench at, to make trenches against; to approach by trenches, as a town in besieging it. [Obs.]

Like powerful armies, trenching at a town By slow and silent, but resistless, sap.

Young.

Trench, n. [OE. trenche, F. tranchée. See Trench, v. t.] 1. A long, narrow cut in the earth; a ditch; as, a trench for draining land. Mortimer.

2. An alley; a narrow path or walk cut through woods, shrubbery, or the like. [Obs.]

In a trench, forth in the park, goeth she.

Chaucer.

3. (Fort.) An excavation made during a siege, for the purpose of covering the troops as they advance toward the besieged place. The term includes the parallels and the approaches.

To open the trenches (Mil.), to begin to dig or to form the lines of approach. — Trench cavalier (Fort.), an elevation constructed (by a besieger) of gabions, fascines, earth, and the like, about half way up the glacis, in order to discover and enfilade the covered way. — Trench plow, or Trench plough, a kind of plow for opening land to a greater depth than that of common furrows.

Trench"and (?), a. Trenchant. [Obs.] Spenser.

Trench"ant (?), a. [OF. trenchant, F. tranchant, p. pr. See Trench, v. t.] 1. Fitted to trench or cut; gutting; sharp. " Trenchant was the blade." Chaucer.

2. Fig.: Keen; biting; severe; as, trenchant wit.

Trench"ant*ly, adv. In a trenchant, or sharp, manner; sharply; severely.

Trench"er (?), n. [OE. trencheoir, F. tranchoir, fr. trancher to cut, carve. See Trench, v. t.] 1. One who trenches; esp., one who cuts or digs ditches.

2. A large wooden plate or platter, as for table use.

3. The table; hence, the pleasures of the table; food.

It could be no ordinary declension of nature that could bring some men, after an ingenuous education, to place their "summum bonum" upon their trenchers.

South.

Trencher cap, the cap worn by studens at Oxford and Cambridge Universities, having a stiff, flat, square appendage at top. A similar cap used in the United States is called Oxford cap, mortar board, etc. — Trencher fly, a person who haunts the tables of others; a parasite. [R.] L'Estrange. — Trencher friend, one who frequents the tables of others; a sponger. — Trencher mate, a table companion; a parasite; a trencher fly. Hooker.

Trench"er-man (?), n.; pl. Trencher-men (&?;).

1. A feeder; a great eater; a gormandizer. Shak.

2. A cook. [Obs.]

The skillfulest trencher-men of Media.

Sir P. Sidney.

3. A table companion; a trencher mate. Thackeray.

Trench"more (?), n. A kind of lively dance of a rude, boisterous character. Also, music in triple time appropriate to the dance. [Obs.]

All the windows in the town dance new trenchmore.

Beau. & Fl.

Trench"more (?), v. i. To dance the trenchmore. [Obs.] Marston.

{ Trench"-plow", Trench"-plough` } (-plou`), v. t. To plow with deep furrows, for the purpose of loosening the land to a greater depth than usual.

Trend, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Trended; p. pr. & vb. n. Trending.] [OE. trenden to roll or turn about; akin to OFries. trind, trund, round, Dan. & Sw. trind, AS. trendel a circle, ring, and E. trendle, trundle.] To have a particular direction; to run; to stretch; to tend; as, the shore of the sea trends to the southwest.

Trend, v. t. To cause to turn; to bend. [R.]

Not far beneath i' the valley as she trends Her silver stream.

W. Browne.

Trend, n. Inclination in a particular direction; tendency; general direction; as, the trend of a coast.

Trend of an anchor. (Naut.) (a) The lower end of the shank of an anchor, being the same distance on the shank from the throat that the arm measures from the throat to the bill. R. H. Dana, Jr. (b) The angle made by the line of a vessel's keel and the direction of the anchor cable, when she is swinging at anchor.

Trend (?), v. t. [Cf. G. & OD. trennen to separate.] To cleanse, as wool. [Prov. Eng.]

Trend, n. Clean wool. [Prov. Eng.]

Trend"er (?), n. One whose business is to free wool from its filth. [Prov. Eng.]

Tren"dle (?), n. [AS. trendel, tryndel, circle, ring. See Trend, v. i., and cf. Trundle.] A wheel, spindle, or the like; a trundle. [Obs.]

The shaft the wheel, the wheel, the trendle turns.

Sylvester.

Tren"tal (?), n. [LL. trentale, fr. L. triginta thirty; akin to tres three: cf. OF. trentel. See Three, and cf. Trigintal.] 1. (R. C. Ch.) An office and mass for the dead on the thirtieth day after death or burial. "Their trentals and their shrifts." Spenser.

2. Hence, a dirge; an elegy.

Tren"ton pe"ri*od (?). (Geol.) A subdivision in the lower Silurian system of America; — so named from Trenton Falls, in New York. The rocks are mostly limestones, and the period is divided into the Trenton, Utica, and Cincinnati epochs. See the Chart of Geology.

Tre*pan" (?), n. [F. trépan (cf. Sp. trépano, It. trepano, trapano), LL. trepanum, fr. Gr. &?; a borer, auger, trepan, fr. &?; to bore, &?; a hole. Cf. Trephine.] 1. (Surg.) A crown-saw or cylindrical saw for perforating the skull, turned, when used, like a bit or gimlet. See Trephine.

2. (Mining) A kind of broad chisel for sinking shafts.

Tre*pan", v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Trepanned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Trepanning.] [Cf. F. trépaner. See Trepan a saw.] (Surg.) To perforate (the skull) with a trepan, so as to remove a portion of the bone, and thus relieve the brain from pressure or irritation; to perform an operation with the trepan.

Tre*pan", n. [See Trapan.] 1. A snare; a trapan.

Snares and trepans that common life lays in its way.

South.

2. a deceiver; a cheat.

He had been from the beginning a spy and a trepan.

Macaulay.

Tre*pan", v. t. To insnare; to trap; to trapan.

Guards even of a dozen men were silently trepanned from their stations.

De Quincey.

Tre*pang" (?), n. [Malay trpang.] (Zoöl.) Any one of several species of large holothurians, some of which are dried and extensively used as food in China; — called also bêche de mer, sea cucumber, and sea slug. [Written also tripang.]

The edible trepangs are mostly large species of Holothuria, especially H. edulis. They are taken in vast quantities in the East Indies, where they are dried and smoked, and then shipped to China. They are used as an ingredient in certain kinds of soup.

Trep"an*ize (?), v. t. To trepan. [Obs.] "By trepanizing the skull." Jer. Taylor.

Tre*pan"ner (?), n. One who trepans. " Pitiful trepanners and impostors." Gauden.

Trep"e*get (?), n. (Mil.) A trebuchet. [Obs.]

Tre*phine" (?; 277), n. [A dim. of 1st trepan: cf. F. tréphine.] (Surg.) An instrument for trepanning, being an improvement on the trepan. It is a circular or cylindrical saw, with a handle like that of a gimlet, and a little sharp perforator called the center pin.

Tre*phine", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trephined (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Trephining.] To perforate with a trephine; to trepan.

Trep"id (?), a. [L. trepidus.] Trembling; quaking. Thackeray.

Trep`i*da"tion (?), n. [F. trépidation, L. trepidatio, fr. trepidare to hurry with alarm, to tremble, from trepidus agitated, disturbed, alarmed; cf. trepit he turns, Gr. &?; to turn, E. torture.] 1. An involuntary trembling, sometimes an effect of paralysis, but usually caused by terror or fear; quaking; quivering.

2. Hence, a state of terror or alarm; fear; confusion; fright; as, the men were in great trepidation.

3. (Anc. Astron.) A libration of the starry sphere in the Ptolemaic system; a motion ascribed to the firmament, to account for certain small changes in the position of the ecliptic and of the stars.

Syn. — Tremor; agitation; disturbance; fear.

Tre*pid"i*ty, n. Trepidation. [R.]

Tres"ayle` (trs"l`), n. [F. trisaïeul, from L. tris, tres, three + F. aïeul grandfather. Cf. Besaiel, and see Ayle.] A grandfather's grandfather. [Obs.]

Writ of tresayle (O. Eng. Law), a writ which lay for a man claiming as heir to his grandfather's grandfather, to recover lands of which he had been deprived by an abatement happening on the ancestor's death. Mozley & W.

Tres"or (?), n. Treasure. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Tres"pass (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Trespassed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Trespassing.] [OF. trespasser to go across or over, transgress, F. trépasser to die; pref. tres- (L. trans across, over) + passer to pass. See Pass, v. i., and cf. Transpass.] 1. To pass beyond a limit or boundary; hence, to depart; to go. [Obs.]

Soon after this, noble Robert de Bruce . . . trespassed out of this uncertain world.

Ld. Berners.

2. (Law) To commit a trespass; esp., to enter unlawfully upon the land of another.

3. To go too far; to put any one to inconvenience by demand or importunity; to intrude; as, to trespass upon the time or patience of another.

4. To commit any offense, or to do any act that injures or annoys another; to violate any rule of rectitude, to the injury of another; hence, in a moral sense, to transgress voluntarily any divine law or command; to violate any known rule of duty; to sin; — often followed by against.

In the time of his distress did he trespass yet more against the Lord.

2 Chron. xxviii. 22.

Tres"pass (?), n. [OF. trespas, F. trépas death. See Trespass, v.] 1. Any injury or offence done to another.

I you forgive all wholly this trespass.

Chaucer.

If ye forgive not men their trespasses, neither will your Father forgive your trespasses.

Matt. vi. 15.

2. Any voluntary transgression of the moral law; any violation of a known rule of duty; sin.

The fatal trespass done by Eve.

Milton.

You . . . who were dead in trespasses and sins.

Eph. if. 1.

3. (Law) (a) An unlawful act committed with force and violence (vi et armis) on the person, property, or relative rights of another. (b) An action for injuries accompanied with force.

Trespass offering (Jewish Antiq.), an offering in expiation of a trespass. — Trespass on the case. (Law) See Action on the case, under Case.

Syn. — Offense; breach; infringement; transgression; misdemeanor; misdeed.

Tres"pass*er (?), n. One who commits a trespass; as: (a) (Law) One who enters upon another's land, or violates his rights. (b) A transgressor of the moral law; an offender; a sinner.

Tress (?), n. [OE. tresse, OF. trece, F. tresse, LL. tricia, fr. Gr. tri`cha threefold, because a tress is usually formed by interlacing three pieces; akin to trei^s three. See Three.] 1. A braid, knot, or curl, of hair; a ringlet.

Her yellow hair was braided in a tress.

Chaucer.

Fair tresses man's imperial race insnare.

Pope.

2. Fig.: A knot or festoon, as of flowers. Keats.

Tressed (?), a. 1. Having tresses.

2. Formed into ringlets or braided; braided; curled. Spenser. Drayton.

Tres"sel (?), n. A trestle.

Tress"ful (?), a. Tressy. [R.] Sylvester.

Tres"sure (?), n. [F. tresser to twist, plait. See Tress, n.] (Her.) A kind of border similar to the orle, but of only half the breadth of the latter.

Tres"sured (?), a. (Her.) Provided or bound with a tressure; arranged in the form of a tressure.

The tressured fleur-de-lis he claims To wreathe his shield.

Sir W. Scott.

Tress"y (?), a. Abounding in tresses. J. Baillie.

Tres"tle (?), n. [OF. trestel, tresteay, F. tréteau; probably from L. transtillum a little crossbeam, dim. of transtrum a crossbeam. Cf. Transom.] [Written also tressel.] 1. A movable frame or support for anything, as scaffolding, consisting of three or four legs secured to a top piece, and forming a sort of stool or horse, used by carpenters, masons, and other workmen; also, a kind of framework of strong posts or piles, and crossbeams, for supporting a bridge, the track of a railway, or the like.

2. The frame of a table.

Trestle board, a board used by architects, draughtsmen, and the like, for drawing designs upon; — so called because commonly supported by trestles. — Trestle bridge. See under Bridge, n.

Tres"tle*tree` (?), n. (Naut.) One of two strong bars of timber, fixed horizontally on the opposite sides of the masthead, to support the crosstrees and the frame of the top; — generally used in the plural. Totten.

Tres"tle*work` (?), n. A viaduct, pier, scaffold, or the like, resting on trestles connected together.

Tres"-tyne` (?), n. [L. tris, tres, three + E. tyne.] (Zoöl.) In the antler of a stag, the third tyne above the base. This tyne appears in the third year. In those deer in which the brow tyne does not divide, the tres- tyne is the second tyne above the base. See Illust. under Rucervine, and under Rusine.

Tret (?), obs. 3d pers. sing. pres. of Tread, for treadeth. Chaucer.

Tret, n. [F. traite a drawing, trading, journey, tax on wares in transit, anything diminishing the value of coins, fr. OF. traire to draw, L. trahere. See Trait.] (Com.) An allowance to purchasers, for waste or refuse matter, of four pounds on every 104 pounds of suttle weight, or weight after the tare deducted. M'Culloch.

Tret"a*ble (?), a. [See Treatable.] Tractable; moderate. [Obs.]

By nature debonaire and tretable.

Chaucer.

Treth"ing (?), n. [W. treth an allowance, contribution, tribute, or tax, trethu to rate or tax.] A tax; an impost. [Obs.] Johnson.

{ Tre"tis (?), Tre"tys }, n. [See Treatise.] A treatise; also, a treaty. [Obs.] Chaucer.

{ Tre*tis" (?), Tre*tys" }, a. [OF. traitis.] Long and well-proportioned; nicely made; pretty. [Obs.] "Her nose tretys." Chaucer.

Tre"vat (?), n. A weaver's cutting instrument; for severing the loops of the pile threads of velvet.

Trev"et (?), n. [See Trivet.] A stool or other thing supported by three legs; a trivet.

<! p. 1536 !>

{ Trew (?), Trewe }, a. True. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Trews (?), n. pl. Trowsers; especially, those of the Scotch Highlanders. "He wore the trews, or close trowsers, made of tartan." Sir W. Scott.

Trewth (?), n. Truth. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Trey (?), n. [OF. treis three, F. trois, L. tres. See Three, and cf. Tray-trip.] Three, at cards, dice, or dominoes; a card, die, or domino of three spots or pips.

Seven is my chance and thine is cinq and trey.

Chaucer.

Tri- (?). [Gr. tri- or L. tri-, sometimes through French; akin to L. tres three, and E. three. See Three.]

1. A prefix meaning three, thrice, threefold; as in tricolored, tridentate.

2. (Chem.) A prefix (also used adjectively) denoting three proportional or combining part, or the third degree of that to the name of which it is prefixed; as in trisulphide, trioxide, trichloride.

Tri"a*ble (?), a. [From Try.] 1. Fit or possible to be tried; liable to be subjected to trial or test. "Experiments triable." Boyle.

2. (Law) Liable to undergo a judicial examination; properly coming under the cognizance of a court; as, a cause may be triable before one court which is not triable in another.

Tri"a*ble*ness, n. Quality or state of being triable.

Tri*ac"id (?), a. [Pref. tri- + acid.] (Chem.) Capable of neutralizing three molecules of a monobasic acid or the equivalent; having three hydrogen atoms which may be acid radicals; — said of certain bases; thus, glycerin is a triacid base.

Tri"a*cle (?), n. See Treacle. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Tri`a*con`ta*he"dral (?), a. [Gr. &?; thirty + &?; seat, base.] Having thirty sides.

Tri"a*con`ter (?), n. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; thirty.] (Gr. Antiq.) A vessel with thirty banks of oars, or, as some say, thirty ranks of rowers.

Tri"ad (?), n. [L. trias, - adis, Gr. &?;, &?;, fr.&?;, &?;, three: cf. F. triade. See Three, and cf. Trias, Trio.] 1. A union of three; three objects treated as one; a ternary; a trinity; as, a triad of deities.

2. (Mus.) (a) A chord of three notes. (b) The common chord, consisting of a tone with its third and fifth, with or without the octave.

3. (Chem.) An element or radical whose valence is three.

Triads of the Welsh bards, poetical histories, in which the facts recorded are grouped by threes, three things or circumstances of a kind being mentioned together. — Hindu triad. See Trimurti.

Tri`a*del"phous (?), a. [Pref. tri- + Gr. &?; brother.] (Bot.) Having stamens joined by filaments into three bundles. See Illust. under Adelphous.

Tri*ad"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Having the characteristics of a triad; as, boron is triadic.

Tri"a*kis*oc`ta*he"dron (?), n. [Gr. &?; thrice + E. octahedron.] (Crystalloq.) A trigonal trisoctahedron.

Tri"al (?), n. [From Try.] 1. The act of trying or testing in any manner. Specifically: —

(a) Any effort or exertion of strength for the purpose of ascertaining what can be done or effected.

[I] defy thee to the trial of mortal fight.

Milton.

(b) The act of testing by experience; proof; test.

Repeated trials of the issues and events of actions.

Bp. Wilkins.

(c) Examination by a test; experiment, as in chemistry, metallurgy, etc.

2. The state of being tried or tempted; exposure to suffering that tests strength, patience, faith, or the like; affliction or temptation that exercises and proves the graces or virtues of men.

Others had trial of cruel mockings and scourgings.

Heb. xi. 36.

3. That which tries or afflicts; that which harasses; that which tries the character or principles; that which tempts to evil; as, his child's conduct was a sore trial.

Every station is exposed to some trials.

Rogers.

4. (Law) The formal examination of the matter in issue in a cause before a competent tribunal; the mode of determining a question of fact in a court of law; the examination, in legal form, of the facts in issue in a cause pending before a competent tribunal, for the purpose of determining such issue.

Syn. — Test; attempt; endeavor; effort; experiment; proof; essay. See Test, and Attempt.

Tri*al"i*ty (?), n. [L. tres, tria, three.] Three united; state of being three. [R.] H. Wharton.

Tri"a*logue, n. [LL. trialogus; tri- (see Tri-) + -logus as, in L. dialogus, E. dialogue.] A discourse or colloquy by three persons.

Tri*am"ide (?), n. [tri- + amine.] (Chem.) An amide containing three amido groups.

Tri*am"ine (?), n. [Pref. tri- + amine.] (Chem.) An amine containing three amido groups.

Tri"an`der (?), n. (Bot.) Any one of the Triandria.

||Tri*an"dri*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Tri- , and -androus.] (Bot.) A ||Linnæan class of plants having three distinct and equal stamens. || { Tri*an"dri*an (?), Tri*an"drous (?), } a. [Cf. F. triandre.] (Bot.) Of or pertaining to the Triandria; having three distinct and equal stamens in the same flower.

Tri"an`gle (?), n. [L. triangulum, fr. triangulus triangular; tri- (see Tri-) + angulus angle: cf. F. triangle. See Angle a corner.] 1. (Geom.) A figure bounded by three lines, and containing three angles.

A triangle is either plane, spherical, or curvilinear, according as its sides are straight lines, or arcs of great circles of a sphere, or any curved lines whatever. A plane triangle is designated as scalene, isosceles, or equilateral, according as it has no two sides equal, two sides equal, or all sides equal; and also as right-angled, or oblique-angled, according as it has one right angle, or none; and oblique-angled triangle is either acute-angled, or obtuse-angled, according as all the angles are acute, or one of them obtuse. The terms scalene, isosceles, equilateral, right-angled, acute- angled, and obtuse-angled, are applied to spherical triangles in the same sense as to plane triangles.

2. (Mus.) An instrument of percussion, usually made of a rod of steel, bent into the form of a triangle, open at one angle, and sounded by being struck with a small metallic rod.

3. A draughtsman's square in the form of a right- angled triangle.

4. (Mus.) A kind of frame formed of three poles stuck in the ground and united at the top, to which soldiers were bound when undergoing corporal punishment, — now disused.

5. (Astron.) (a) A small constellation situated between Aries and Andromeda. (b) A small constellation near the South Pole, containing three bright stars.

Triangle spider (Zoöl.), a small American spider (Hyptiotes Americanus) of the family Ciniflonidæ, living among the dead branches of evergreen trees. It constructs a triangular web, or net, usually composed of four radii crossed by a double elastic fiber. The spider holds the thread at the apex of the web and stretches it tight, but lets go and springs the net when an insect comes in contact with it.

Tri"an`gled (?), a. Having three angles; triangular.

Tri*an"gu*lar (?), a. [L. triangularis: cf. F. triangulaire.] 1. Having three angles; having the form of a triangle.

2. (Bot.) Oblong or elongated, and having three lateral angles; as, a triangular seed, leaf, or stem.

Triangular compasses, compasses with three legs for taking off the angular points of a triangle, or any three points at the same time. — Triangular crab (Zoöl.), any maioid crab; — so called because the carapace is usually triangular. — Triangular numbers (Math.), the series of numbers formed by the successive sums of the terms of an arithmetical progression, of which the first term and the common difference are 1. See Figurate numbers, under Figurate.

||Tri*an`gu*la"res (?), n. pl. [L.] (Zoöl.) The triangular, or maioid, ||crabs. See Illust. under Maioid, and Illust. of Spider crab, under ||Spider. || Tri*an`gu*lar"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being triangular. Bolingbroke.

Tri*an"gu*lar*ly (?), adv. In a triangular manner; in the form of a triangle. Dampier.

Tri*an"gu*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Triangulated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Triangulating.] 1. To divide into triangles; specifically, to survey by means of a series of triangles properly laid down and measured.

2. To make triangular, or three-cornered.

Tri*an`gu*la"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. triangulation.] (Surv.) The series or network of triangles into which the face of a country, or any portion of it, is divided in a trigonometrical survey; the operation of measuring the elements necessary to determine the triangles into which the country to be surveyed is supposed to be divided, and thus to fix the positions and distances of the several points connected by them.

Tri"ar*chy (?), n.; pl. Triarchies (#). [Gr. &?;; &?; (see Tri-) + &?; to rule.] Government by three persons; a triumvirate; also, a country under three rulers. Holland.

Tri*a"ri*an (?), a. [L. triarii, pl., a class of Roman soldiers who formed the third rank from the front, fr. tres, tria, three.] Occupying the third post or rank. [Obs.] Cowley.

Tri`ar*tic"u*late (?), a. [Pref. tri- + articulate.] (Zoöl.) Having three joints.

Tri"as (?), n. [L., triad. See Triad.] (Geol.) The formation situated between the Permian and Lias, and so named by the Germans, because consisting of three series of strata, which are called in German the Bunter sandstein, Muschelkalk, and Keuper.

Tri*as"sic (?), a. (Geol.) Of the age of, or pertaining to, the Trias. — n. The Triassic formation.

Tri*at"ic (?), a. (Naut.) A term used in the phrase triatic stay. See under Stay.

Tri`a*tom"ic (?), a. [Pref. tri- + atomic.] (Chem.) (a) Having three atoms; — said of certain elements or radicals. (b) Having a valence of three; trivalent; sometimes, in a specific sense, having three hydroxyl groups, whether acid or basic; thus, glycerin, glyceric acid, and tartronic acid are each triatomic.

Trib"al (?), a. Of or pertaining to a tribe or tribes; as, a tribal scepter. Bp. Warburton.

Trib"al*ism (?), n. The state of existing in tribes; also, tribal feeling; tribal prejudice or exclusiveness; tribal peculiarities or characteristics.

Tri*ba"sic (?), a. [Pref. tri- + basic.] (Chem.) Capable of neutralizing three molecules of a monacid base, or their equivalent; having three hydrogen atoms capable of replacement by basic elements on radicals; — said of certain acids; thus, citric acid is a tribasic acid.

Trib"ble (?), n. (Paper Manuf.) A frame on which paper is dried. Knight.

Tribe (?), n. [L. tribus, originally, a third part of the Roman people, afterwards, a division of the people, a tribe; of uncertain origin: cf. F. tribu.]

1. A family, race, or series of generations, descending from the same progenitor, and kept distinct, as in the case of the twelve tribes of Israel, descended from the twelve sons of Jacob. "The Lion of the tribe of Juda." Rev. v. 5.

A wealthy Hebrew of my tribe.

Shak.

2. (Bot.) A number of species or genera having certain structural characteristics in common; as, a tribe of plants; a tribe of animals.

By many recent naturalists, tribe has been used for a group of animals or plants intermediate between order and genus.

3. A nation of savages or uncivilized people; a body of rude people united under one leader or government; as, the tribes of the Six Nations; the Seneca tribe.

4. A division, class, or distinct portion of a people, from whatever cause that distinction may have originated; as, the city of Athens was divided into ten tribes.

5. (Stock Breeding) A family of animals descended from some particular female progenitor, through the female line; as, the Duchess tribe of shorthorns.

Tribe, v. t. To distribute into tribes or classes. [R.]

Our fowl, fish, and quadruped are well tribed.

Abp. Nicolson.

{ Trib"let (?), Trib"o*let (?) }, n.} [F. triboulet.] 1. A goldsmith's tool used in making rings. Ainsworth.

2. A steel cylinder round which metal is drawn in the process of forming tubes. Tomlinson.

3. (Blacksmithing) A tapering mandrel.

Tri*bom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. &?; to rub + - meter: cf. F. tribomètre.] An instrument to ascertain the degree of friction in rubbing surfaces. Brande & C.

Tri"brach (?), n. [L. tribrachys, Gr. &?; consisting of three short syllables; &?; (see Tri-) + &?; short.] (Gr. & L. Pros.) A poetic foot of three short syllables, as, mls.

Tri*brac"te*ate (?), a. [Pref. tri- + bracteate.] (Bot.) Having three bracts.

{ Trib"u*al (?), Trib"u*lar (?), } a. Of or relating to a tribe; tribal; as, a tribual characteristic; tribular worship. [R.]

The tribual lispings of the Ephraimites.

Fuller.

Trib`u*la"tion (?), n. [OE. tribulacium, F. tribulation, L. tribulatio, from tribulare to press, afflict, fr. tribulum a thrashing sledge, akin to terere, tritum, to rub. See Trite.] That which occasions distress, trouble, or vexation; severe affliction.

When tribulation or persecution ariseth because of the word, by and by he is offended.

Matt. xiii. 21.

In the world ye shall have tribulation.

John. xvi. 33.

Tri*bu"nal (?), n. [L. tribunal, fr. tribunus a tribune who administered justice: cf. F. tribunal. See Tribune.] 1. The seat of a judge; the bench on which a judge and his associates sit for administering justice.

2. Hence, a court or forum; as, the House of Lords, in England, is the highest tribunal in the kingdom.

Trib"u*na*ry (?), a. Of or pertaining to tribunes; as, tribunary powers or authority.

Trib"u*nate (?), n. [L. tribunatus: cf. F. tribunat.] The state or office of a tribune; tribuneship.

Trib"une (?), n. [L. tribunus, properly, the chief of a tribe, fr. tribus tribe: cf. F. tribun. See Tribe.] 1. (Rom. Antiq.) An officer or magistrate chosen by the people, to protect them from the oppression of the patricians, or nobles, and to defend their liberties against any attempts that might be made upon them by the senate and consuls.

The tribunes were at first two, but their number was increased ultimately to ten. There were also military tribunes, officers of the army, of whom there were from four to six in each legion. Other officers were also called tribunes; as, tribunes of the treasury, etc.

2. Anciently, a bench or elevated place, from which speeches were delivered; in France, a kind of pulpit in the hall of the legislative assembly, where a member stands while making an address; any place occupied by a public orator.

Trib"une*ship, n. The office or power of a tribune.

{ Trib`u*ni"cian (?), Trib`u*ni"tial (?), Trib`u*ni*tian (?), } a. [L. tribunicius, tribunitius: cf. F. tribunitien.] Of or pertaining to tribunes; befitting a tribune; as, tribunitial power or authority. Dryden.

A kind of tribunician veto, forbidding that which is recognized to be wrong.

Hare.

Trib`u*ni"tious (?), a. Tribunician; tribunitial. [Obs.] Bacon.

Trib"u*ta*ri*ly (?), adv. In a tributary manner.

Trib"u*ta*ri*ness, n. The quality or state of being tributary.

Trib"u*ta*ry (?), a. [OE. tributaire, F. tributaire, L. tributarius. See Tribute.] 1. Paying tribute to another, either from compulsion, as an acknowledgment of submission, or to secure protection, or for the purpose of purchasing peace.

[Julius] unto Rome made them tributary.

Chaucer.

2. Hence, subject; subordinate; inferior.

He to grace his tributary gods.

Milton.

3. Paid in tribute. "Tributary tears." Shak.

4. Yielding supplies of any kind; serving to form or make up, a greater object of the same kind, as a part, branch, etc.; contributing; as, the Ohio has many tributary streams, and is itself tributary to the Mississippi.

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Trib"u*ta*ry (?), n.; pl. Tributaries (&?;). 1. A ruler or state that pays tribute, or a stated sum, to a conquering power, for the purpose of securing peace and protection, or as an acknowledgment of submission, or for the purchase of security.

2. A stream or river flowing into a larger river or into a lake; an affluent.

Trib"ute (?), n. [OE. tribut, L. tributum, fr. tribuere, tributum, to bestow, grant, pay, allot, assign, originally, to a tribe, from tribus tribe; cf. F. tribut. See Tribe, and cf. Attribute, Contribute.] 1. An annual or stated sum of money or other valuable thing, paid by one ruler or nation to another, either as an acknowledgment of submission, or as the price of peace and protection, or by virtue of some treaty; as, the Romans made their conquered countries pay tribute.

Millions for defense, but not one cent for tribute.

C. C. Pinckney.

2. A personal contribution, as of money, praise, service, etc., made in token of services rendered, or as that which is due or deserved; as, a tribute of affection.

Implores the passing tribute of a sigh.

Gray.

3. (Mining) A certain proportion of the ore raised, or of its value, given to the miner as his recompense. Pryce. Tomlinson.

Tribute money, money paid as a tribute or tax. — Tribute pitch. (Mining) See under Tributer. [Eng.]

Syn. — See Subsidy.

Trib"ute, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tributed; p. pr. & vb. n. Tributing.] To pay as tribute. [R.] Whitlock (1654).

Trib"u*ter (?), n. (Mining) One who works for a certain portion of the ore, or its value. [Eng.]

Tributers generally work in gangs, and have a limited portion of a lode set them, called a tribute pitch, beyond which they are not permitted to work, and for which they receive a certain portion of the ore, or so much per pound, as agreed upon, of the value of what they raise. Weale.

||Tri"ca (?), n.; pl. Tricæ (#). [NL.] (Bot.) An apothecium in certain ||lichens, having a spherical surface marked with spiral or concentric ||ridges and furrows. || Tri*car`bal*lyl"ic (?), a. [Pref. tri- + carboxyl + allyl + -ic.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, a complex tribasic organic acid, C3H5.(CO2H)3 occurring naturally in unripe beet roots, and produced artificially from glycerin as a white crystalline substance.

Tri*car"bi*mide (?), n. [Pref. tri- + carbimide.] (Chem.) See under Cyanuric.

Trice (?), v. t. [OE. trisen; of Scand. or Low German origin; cf. Sw. trissa a sheave, pulley, triss a spritsail brace, Dan. tridse a pulley, tridse to haul by means of a pulley, to trice, LG. trisse a pulley, D. trijsen to hoist.] [Written also trise.] 1. To pull; to haul; to drag; to pull away. [Obs.]

Out of his seat I will him trice.

Chaucer.

2. (Naut.) To haul and tie up by means of a rope.

Trice, n. [Sp. tris the noise made by the breaking of glass, an instant, en un tris in an instant; probably of imitative origin.] A very short time; an instant; a moment; — now used only in the phrase in a trice. "With a trice." Turbervile. " On a trice." Shak.

A man shall make his fortune in a trice.

Young.

Tri`cen*na"ri*ous (?), a. Of or pertaining to thirty years; tricennial. [R.]

Tri*cen"ni*al (?), a. [L. tricennium thirty years; triginta thirty + annus year: cf. L. tricennalis.] Of or pertaining to thirty years; consisting of thirty years; occurring once in every thirty years.

Tri*cen"te*na*ry (?), a. [Pref. tri- + centenary.] Including, or relating to, the interval of three hundred years; tercentenary. — n. A period of three centuries, or three hundred years, also, the three-hundredth anniversary of any event; a tercentenary.

||Tri"ceps (?), n. [NL., fr. L. triceps, having three beads; tres, ||tria, three + caput head: cf. F. triceps. See Three, and Chief.] ||(Anat.) A muscle having three heads; specif., the great extensor of ||the forearm, arising by three heads and inserted into the olecranon ||at the elbow. || ||Tri*chi"a*sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. tri`x, tricho`s, hair.] ||(Med.) A disease of the eye, in which the eyelashes, being turned in ||upon the eyeball, produce constant irritation by the motion of the ||lids. || ||Tri*chi"na (-n), n.; pl. Trichinæ (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; hairy, made ||of hair, fr. tri`x, tricho`s, hair.] (Zoöl.) A small, slender ||nematoid worm (Trichina spiralis) which, in the larval state, is ||parasitic, often in immense numbers, in the voluntary muscles of man, ||the hog, and many other animals. When insufficiently cooked meat ||containing the larvæ is swallowed by man, they are liberated and ||rapidly become adult, pair, and the ovoviviparous females produce in ||a short time large numbers of young which find their way into the ||muscles, either directly, or indirectly by means of the blood. Their ||presence in the muscles and the intestines in large numbers produces ||trichinosis. || ||Trich`i*ni"a*sis (?), n. [NL.] (Med.) Trichinosis. || Trich"i*nize (?), v. t. To render trichinous; to affect with trichinæ; — chiefly used in the past participle; as, trichinized pork.

Tri*chi"no*scope (?), n. [Trichina + -scope.] An apparatus for the detection of trichinæ in the flesh of animals, as of swine.

||Trich`i*no"sis (?), n. [NL. See Trichina.] (Med.) The disease ||produced by the presence of trichinæ in the muscles and intestinal ||track. It is marked by fever, muscular pains, and symptoms resembling ||those of typhoid fever, and is frequently fatal. || Trich"i*nous (?), a. Of or pertaining to trichinæ or trichinosis; affected with, or containing, trichinæ; as, trichinous meat.

Trich"ite (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, hair.]

1. (Min.) A kind of crystallite resembling a bunch of hairs, common in obsidian. See Illust. of Crystallite.

2. (Zoöl.) A delicate, hairlike siliceous spicule, found in certain sponges.

Trichite sheaf (Zoöl.), one of the small sheaflike fascicles of slender setæ characteristic of certain sponges. See Illust. under Spicule.

Trich`i*u"ri*form (?), a. (Zoöl.) Like or pertaining to the genus Trichiurus or family Trichiuridæ, comprising the scabbard fishes and hairtails.

Trich`i*u"roid (?), a. [Trichiurus + -oid.] (Zoöl.) Of, like, or pertaining to, Trichiurus.

||Trich`i*u"rus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. tri`x, tricho`s, a hair + o'yra` ||tail.] (Zoöl.) A genus of fishes comprising the hairtails. See ||Hairtail. || Tri*chlo"ride (?), n. [Pref. tri- + chloride.] (Chem.) A chloride having three atoms of chlorine in the molecule.

||Trich`o*bran"chi*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. tri`x, tricho`s, hair + ||branchia.] (Zoöl.) The gill of a crustacean in which the branchial ||filaments are slender and cylindrical, as in the crawfishes. || Trich"o*cyst (?), n. [Gr. tri`x, tricho`s, a hair + &?; bag.] (Zoöl.) A lasso cell.

Trich"o*gyne (?), n. [F., fr. Gr. tri`x, tricho`s, hair + &?; woman, female.] (Bot.) The slender, hairlike cell which receives the fertilizing particles, or antherozoids, in red seaweeds. — Trich`o*gyn"ic (#), a.

Tri*chom"a*nes (?), n. [L., a kind of plant, from Gr. &?;.] (Bot.) Any fern of the genus Trichomanes. The fronds are very delicate and often translucent, and the sporangia are borne on threadlike receptacles rising from the middle of cup-shaped marginal involucres. Several species are common in conservatories; two are native in the United States.

Tri*chom"a*tose` (?), a. [Gr. &?;, &?;, a growth of hair.] (Med.) Affected with a disease which causes agglutination and matting together; — said of the hair when affected with plica. See Plica, 1.

Trich"ome (?), n. [See Trichomatose.] (Bot.) A hair on the surface of leaf or stem, or any modification of a hair, as a minute scale, or star, or gland. The sporangia of ferns are believed to be of the nature of trichomes. — Tri*chom"a*tous (#), a.

Trich"o*phore (?), n. [Gr. tri`x, tricho`s, hair + &?; to bear.] 1. (Bot.) The special cell in red algæ which produces or bears a trichogyne. See Illust. of Trichogyne.

2. (Zoöl.) One of the saclike organs from which the setæ of annelids arise.

— Trich`o*phor"ic (#), a.

Tri*chop"ter (?), n. (Zoöl.) One of the Trichoptera.

||Tri*chop"te*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. tri`x, tricho`s, a hair + ||&?; wing.] (Zoöl.) A suborder of Neuroptera usually having the wings ||covered with minute hairs. It comprises the caddice flies, and is ||considered by some to be a distinct order. || Tri*chop"ter*an (?), (Zoöl.) One of the Trichoptera.

Tri*chop"ter*ous (?), a. (Zoöl.) Of, pertaining to, or characterizing, the Trichoptera.

Tri"chord (?), n. [Gr. &?; three stringed; &?; (see Tri-) + &?; chord, or string.] (Mus.) An instrument, as a lyre or harp, having three strings.

||Trich`o*scol"i*ces (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. tri`x, tricho`s, hair + ||skw`lhx a worm.] (Zoöl.) An extensive group of wormlike animals ||characterized by being more or less covered with cilia. || Tri*chot"o*mous (?), a. [See Trichotomy.] Divided into three parts, or into threes; three- forked; as, a trichotomous stem. Martyn.

Tri*chot"o*my (?), n. [Gr. tri`cha threefold, in three parts + te`mnein to cut or divide: cf. F. trichotomie.] Division into three parts.

Tri*chro"ic (?), a. Exhibiting trichroism; pleochroic; pleochroism.

Tri"chro*ism (?), n. [Pref. tri- + Gr. &?; color: cf. F. trichroïsme.] (Min.) The quality possessed by some crystals of presenting different colors in three different directions.

Tri`chro*mat"ic (?), a. [Pref. tri- + chromatic.] (Zoöl.) Having or existing in three different phases of color; having three distinct color varieties; — said of certain birds and insects.

Tri*chro"ma*tism (?), n. (Zoöl.) The quality, state, or phenomenon of being trichromatic.

Tri*chro"mic (?), a. [Pref. tri- + Gr. &?; color.] (Opt.) Of, pertaining to, or consisting of, three colors or color sensations.

Tri*chro"mic, a. [Pref. tri- + chromic.] (Chem.) Containing three atoms of chromium.

Tri*cip"i*tal (?), a. [See Triceps.] (Anat.) Having three heads, or three origins; as, a tricipital muscle.

Trick (?), n. [D. trek a pull, or drawing, a trick, trekken to draw; akin to LG. trekken, MHG. trecken, trechen, Dan. trække, and OFries. trekka. Cf. Track, Trachery, Trig, a., Trigger.] 1. An artifice or stratagem; a cunning contrivance; a sly procedure, usually with a dishonest intent; as, a trick in trade.

He comes to me for counsel, and I show him a trick.

South.

I know a trick worth two of that.

Shak.

2. A sly, dexterous, or ingenious procedure fitted to puzzle or amuse; as, a bear's tricks; a juggler's tricks.

3. Mischievous or annoying behavior; a prank; as, the tricks of boys. Prior.

4. A particular habit or manner; a peculiarity; a trait; as, a trick of drumming with the fingers; a trick of frowning.

The trick of that voice I do well remember.

Shak.

He hath a trick of Cœur de Lion's face.

Shak.

5. A knot, braid, or plait of hair. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

6. (Card Playing) The whole number of cards played in one round, and consisting of as many cards as there are players.

On one nice trick depends the general fate.

Pope.

7. (Naut.) A turn; specifically, the spell of a sailor at the helm, — usually two hours.

8. A toy; a trifle; a plaything. [Obs.] Shak.

Syn. — Stratagem; wile; fraud; cheat; juggle; finesse; sleight; deception; imposture; delusion; imposition.

Trick (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tricked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tricking.] 1. To deceive by cunning or artifice; to impose on; to defraud; to cheat; as, to trick another in the sale of a horse.

2. To dress; to decorate; to set off; to adorn fantastically; — often followed by up, off, or out. " Trick her off in air." Pope.

People lavish it profusely in tricking up their children in fine clothes, and yet starve their minds.

Locke.

They are simple, but majestic, records of the feelings of the poet; as little tricked out for the public eye as his diary would have been.

Macaulay.

3. To draw in outline, as with a pen; to delineate or distinguish without color, as arms, etc., in heraldry.

They forget that they are in the statutes: . . . there they are tricked, they and their pedigrees.

B. Jonson.

Trick"er (?), n. One who tricks; a trickster.

Trick"er, n. A trigger. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Boyle.

Trick"er*y (?), n. The art of dressing up; artifice; stratagem; fraud; imposture.

Trick"i*ness (?), n. The quality of being tricky.

Trick"ing, a. Given to tricks; tricky. Sir W. Scott.

Trick"ing, n. Dress; ornament. Shak.

Trick"ish, a. Given to tricks; artful in making bargains; given to deception and cheating; knavish. — Trick"ish*ly, adv. — Trick"ish*ness, n.

Tric"kle (trk"k'l), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Trickled (trk"k'ld); p. pr. & vb. n. Trickling (trk"klng).] [OE. triklen, probably for striklen, freq. of striken to flow, AS. strcan. See Strike, v. t.] To flow in a small, gentle stream; to run in drops.

His salt tears trickled down as rain.

Chaucer.

Fast beside there trickled softly down A gentle stream.

Spenser.

Trick"ment (?), n. Decoration. [Obs.] " No trickments but my tears." Beau. & Fl.

Trick"si*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being tricksy; trickiness. G. Eliot.

Trick"ster (?), n. One who tricks; a deceiver; a tricker; a cheat.

Trick"sy (?), a. [From Trick.] Exhibiting artfulness; trickish. "My tricksy spirit!" Shak.

he tricksy policy which in the seventeenth century passed for state wisdom.

Coleridge.

Trick"track` (?), n. [F. trictrac. Cf. Ticktack backgammon.] An old game resembling backgammon.

Trick"y (?), a. Given to tricks; practicing deception; trickish; knavish.

Tric"li*nate (?), a. (Min.) Triclinic.

Tri*clin"i*a*ry (?), a. [L. tricliniaris. See Triclinium.] Of or pertaining to a triclinium, or to the ancient mode of reclining at table.

Tri*clin"ic (?), a. [Pref. tri- + Gr. &?; to incline.] (Crystallog.) Having, or characterized by, three unequal axes intersecting at oblique angles. See the Note under crystallization.

||Tri*clin"i*um (?), n.; pl. Triclinia (#). [L., from Gr. &?;, &?;; &?; ||(see Tri- ) + &?; a couch.] (Rom. Antiq.) (a) A couch for reclining ||at meals, extending round three sides of a table, and usually in ||three parts. (b) A dining room furnished with such a triple couch. || Tri*coc"cous (?), a. [Gr. tri`kokkos with three grains or berries; &?; (see Tri-) + ko`kkos grain, seed.] (Bot.) Having three cocci, or roundish carpels. Gray.

Tri"col`or (?), n. [F. tricolore, drapeau tricolore a tricolored flag, fr. tricolore three- colored; tri (see Tri-) + L. color color.] [Written also tricolour.]

1. The national French banner, of three colors, blue, white, and red, adopted at the first revolution.

2. Hence, any three-colored flag.

Tri"col`ored (?), a. Having three colors.

Tri`cor*nig"er*ous (?), a. [L. tricorniger; tricornis three-horned (see Tri-, and Horn) + -gerere to bear.] Having three horns.

{ Tri*cor"po*ral (?), Tri*cor"po*rate (?), } a. [L. tricorpor; tri- (see Tri-) + corpus, -oris, body.] (Her.) Represented with three bodies conjoined to one head, as a lion.

Tri*cos"tate (?), a. [Pref. tri- + costate.] (Bot.) Three-ribbed; having three ribs from the base.

||Tri`cot" (?), n. [F.] A fabric of woolen, silk, or cotton knitted, or ||women to resemble knitted work. || Tri*crot"ic (?), a. [Pref. tri- + Gr. &?; to beat.] (Physiol.) Of or pertaining to tricrotism; characterized by tricrotism.

Tri"cro*tism (?), n. (Physiol.) That condition of the arterial pulse in which there is a triple beat. The pulse curve obtained in the sphygmographic tracing characteristic of tricrotism shows two secondary crests in addition to the primary.

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Tri"cro*tous (tr"kr*ts), a. (Physiol.) Tricrotic.

Tri*cur"vate (tr*kûr"vt), a. [Pref. tri- + curvate.] (Zoöl.) Curved in three directions; as, a tricurvate spicule (see Illust. of Spicule).

Tri*cus"pid (?), a. [L. tricuspis, -idis; tri- (see Tri-) + cuspis a point: cf. F. tricuspide.] 1. Having three cusps, or points; tricuspidate; as, a tricuspid molar.

2. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the tricuspid valves; as, tricuspid obstruction.

Tricuspid valve (Anat.), the valve, consisting of three triangular membranous flaps, at the opening of the right auricle into the right ventricle in the heart of most mammals; — sometimes called the tricuspid valves, each flap being regarded as a valve.

Tricus"pid*ate (?), a. Three-pointed; ending in three points; as, a tricuspidate leaf.

Tri"cy*cle (?), n. [Pref. tri- + cycle as inbicycle.] A three-wheeled velocipede. See Illust. under Velocipede. Cf. Bicycle.

||Tri*dac"na (?), n. [L., pl., a kind of oysters, fr. Gr. &?; eaten at ||three bites, &?; tri- + &?; to bite.] (Zoöl.) A genus of very large ||marine bivalve shells found on the coral reefs of the Indian and ||Pacific Oceans. One species (T. gigas) often weighs four or five ||hundred pounds, and is sometimes used for baptismal fonts. Called ||also paw shell, and fountain shell. || { Tri*dac"tyl Tri*dac"tyle } (?), a. [Gr. &?;: &?; (see Tri-) + &?; digit: cf. F. tridactyle.] (Biol.) Having three fingers or toes, or composed of three movable parts attached to a common base.

Tri*dac"tyl*ous (?), a. (Biol.) Tridactyl.

Trid"dler (?), n. (Zoöl.) The jacksnipe. [Local, U. S.]

Tride (?), a. [Cf. F. tride lively, quick.] Short and ready; fleet; as, a tride pace; — a term used by sportsmen. Bailey.

Tri*dec"ane (tr*dk"n), n. [Pref. tri- + Gr. &?; ten. So called from the number of carbon atoms in the molecule.] (Chem.) A hydrocarbon, C13H28, of the methane series, which is a probable ingredient both of crude petroleum and of kerosene, and is produced artificially as a light colorless liquid.

Tri`dec*a*to"ic (tr`dk**t"k), a. [Pref. tri- + Gr. de`katos tenth.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, that acid of the fatty acids heterologous with tridecane. It is a white crystalline substance.

Tri`de*cat"y*lene (tr`d*kt"*ln), n. [Pref. tri-+ Gr. de`katos tenth + E. ethylene.] (Chem.) A hydrocarbon, C13H26, of the ethylene series, corresponding to tridecane, and obtained from Burmah petroleum as a light colorless liquid; — called also tridecylene, and tridecene.

Tri"dent (tr"dent), n. [L. tridens, -entis; tri- (see Tri-) + dens tooth: cf. F. trident. See Tooth.] 1. (Class Myth.) A kind of scepter or spear with three prongs, — the common attribute of Neptune.

2. (Rom. Antiq.) A three-pronged spear or goad, used for urging horses; also, the weapon used by one class of gladiators.

3. A three-pronged fish spear.

4. (Geom.) A curve of third order, having three infinite branches in one direction and a fourth infinite branch in the opposite direction.

Trident bat (Zoöl.), an Asiatic rhinolophid bat (Triænops Persicus), having the nose membrane in the shape of a trident.

Tri"dent, a. [L. tridens.] Having three teeth or prongs; tridentate.

{ Tri*den"tate (?), Tri*den"ta*ted (?), } a. [NL. tridentatus. See Trident.] Having three teeth; three-toothed. Lee.

Tri"dent*ed (?), a. Having three prongs; trident; tridentate; as, a tridented mace. [R.] Quarles.

Tri`dent*if"er*ous (?), a. [L. tridentifer; tridens trident + ferre to bear.] Bearing a trident.

Tri*den"tine (?), a. [From L. Tridentum Trent.] Of or pertaining to Trent, or the general church council held in that city.

Tri*di`a*pa"son (?), n. [Pref. tri- + diaposon.] (Anc. Mus.) A triple octave, or twenty- second. Busby.

Tri`di*men"sion*al (?), a. [Pref. tri- + dimensional.] (Chem.) Having three dimensions; extended in three different directions.

Tri"ding (?), n. A riding. See Trithing.

Trid"u*an (?), a. [L. triduanus, fr. triduum space of three days; tri- + dies day.] Lasting three lays; also, happening every third day. [R.] Blount.

Trid"y*mite (?), n. [Gr. &?; threefold. So called in allusion to the supposed threefold nature of the twin crystals.] (Min.) Pure silica, like quartz, but crystallizing in hexagonal tables. It is found in trachyte and similar rocks.

Tried (?), imp. & p. p. of Try. Also adj. Proved; tested; faithful; trustworthy; as, a tried friend.

Tri*e"dral (?), a. See Trihedral.

Tri*en"ni*al (?), a. [L. triennium the space of three years; tri- (see Tri-) + annus year. See Annual.] 1. Continuing three years; as, triennial parliaments; a triennial reign. Howell.

2. Happening, coming about, or appearing once in every three years; as, triennial elections; a triennial catalogue; a triennial visitation. T. Warton.

Tri*en"ni*al, n. Something which takes place or appears once in three years.

Tri*en"ni*al*ly, adv. Once in three years.

||Tri"ens (?), n. [L., from tres, tria, three.] (Rom. Antiq.) A Roman ||copper coin, equal to one third of the as. See 3d As, 2. || Tri"er (?), n. [From Try.] 1. One who tries; one who makes experiments; one who examines anything by a test or standard. Boyle.

2. One who tries judicially.

3. (Law) A person appointed according to law to try challenges of jurors; a trior. Burrill.

4. That which tries or approves; a test. Shak.

Tri"er*arch (?), n. [L. trierarchus, Gr. &?;; &?; a trireme + &?; a leader, a chief.] (Gr. Antiq.) (a) The commander of a trireme. (b) At Athens, one who (singly, or jointly with other citizens) had to fit out a trireme for the public service.

Tri"er*arch`y (?), n.; pl. Trierarchises (#). [ Gr. &?;.] The office duty of a trierarch.

Tri`e*ter"ic*al (?), a. [L. trietericus, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; (sc. &?;) a triennial festival; &?; (see Tri-.) + &?; a year.] Kept or occurring once in three years; triennial. [R.] J. Gregory.

Tri`e*ter"ics (?), n. pl. [L. trieterica, pl., fr. Gr. &?; of a triennial festival.] (Class. Antiq.) Festival games celebrated once in three years. [R.] May.

Tri*eth`yl*am"ine (?), n. [Pref. tri- + ethylamine.] (Chem.) A tertiary amine analogous to trimethylamine.

Tri*fa"cial (?), a. [Pref. tri- + facial.] (Anat.) See Trigeminal.

Tri"fal`low (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trifallowed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Trifallowing.] [Pref. tri- + fallow. Cf. Thryfallow.] To plow the third time before sowing, as land. Mortimer.

Tri*fa"ri*ous (?), a. [L. trifarius of three sorts or ways, threefold; cf. Gr. &?;. Cf. Bifarious.] (Bot.) Facing three ways; arranged in three vertical ranks, as the leaves of veratrum.

Tri*fas"ci*a`ted (?), a. [Pref. tri- + fasciated.] Having, or surrounded by, three fasciæ, or bands.

Tri"fid, a. [L. trifidus; tri- (see Tri-) + the root of findere to split: cf. F. trifide.] Cleft to the middle, or slightly beyond the middle, into three parts; three-cleft.

Tri*fis"tu*la*ry (?), a. [Pref. tri- + fistula, fistular.] Having three pipes. Sir T. Browne.

Tri"fle (?), n. [OE. trifle, trufle, OF. trufle mockery, raillery, trifle, probably the same word as F. truffe truffle, the word being applied to any small or worthless object. See Truffle.] 1. A thing of very little value or importance; a paltry, or trivial, affair.

With such poor trifles playing.

Drayton.

Trifles light as air Are to the jealous confirmation strong As proofs of holy writ.

Shak.

Small sands the mountain, moments make year, And frifles life.

Young.

2. A dish composed of sweetmeats, fruits, cake, wine, etc., with syllabub poured over it.

Tri"fle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Trifled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Trifling (?).] [OE. trifelen, truflen. See Trifle, n.] To act or talk without seriousness, gravity, weight, or dignity; to act or talk with levity; to indulge in light or trivial amusements.

They trifle, and they beat the air about nothing which toucheth us.

Hooker.

To trifle with, to play the fool with; to treat without respect or seriousness; to mock; as, to trifle with one's feelings, or with sacred things.

Tri"fle, v. t. 1. To make of no importance; to treat as a trifle. [Obs.] Shak.

2. To spend in vanity; to fritter away; to waste; as, to trifle away money. "We trifle time." Shak.

Tri"fler (?), n. One who trifles. Waterland.

Tri"fling (?), a. Being of small value or importance; trivial; paltry; as, a trifling debt; a trifling affair. — Tri"fling*ly, adv. — Tri"fling*ness, n.

{ Tri*flo"ral (?), Tri*flo"rous (?), } a. [Pref. tri- + L. flos, floris, flower.] (Bot.) Three-flowered; having or bearing three flowers; as, a triflorous peduncle.

Tri*fluc`tu*a"tion (?), n. [Pref. tri- + fluctuation.] A concurrence of three waves. [Obs.] "A trifluctuation of evils." Sir T. Browne.

{ Tri*fo"li*ate (?), Tri*fo"li*a`ted (?), } a. [Tri- + foliate. Cf. Trefoil.] (Bot.) Having three leaves or leaflets, as clover. See Illust. of Shamrock.

Tri*fo"li*o*late (?), a. [Pref. tri- + foliolate.] (Bot.) Having three leaflets.

||Tri*fo"li*um (?), n. [L., clover.] (Bot.) A genus of leguminous herbs ||with densely spiked flowers and usually trifoliate leaves; trefoil. ||There are many species, all of which are called clover. See Clover. || Tri"fo*ly (?), n. [L. trifolium. See Trifoliate, Trefoil.] (Bot.) Sweet trefoil. [Obs.]

She was crowned with a chaplet of trifoly.

B. Jonson.

||Tri*fo"ri*um (?), n. [LL., fr. L. tri- (see Tri-) + foris, pl. fores, ||a door.] (Arch.) The gallery or open space between the vaulting and ||the roof of the aisles of a church, often forming a rich arcade in ||the interior of the church, above the nave arches and below the ||clearstory windows. || Tri"form (?), a. [L. triformis; tri- (see Tri-) + forma form.] Having a triple form or character. "This triform antagonism." I. Taylor.

Goddess Triform, I own thy triple spell.

Lowell.

Tri*form"i*ty (?), n. [L. triformitas.] The state of being triform, or of having a threefold shape.

{ Tri*fur"cate (?), Tri*fur"ca*ted (?), } a. [L. trifurcus; tri- (see Tri-) + furca fork.] Having three branches or forks; trichotomous.

Trig (?), v. t. [Cf. Dan. trykke to press, Sw. trycka.] To fill; to stuff; to cram. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

Trig, a. [Formerly written trick, akin to trick to dress.] Full; also, trim; neat. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

To sit on a horse square and trig.

Brit. Quart. Rev.

Trig, v. t. [See Trigger.] To stop, as a wheel, by placing something under it; to scotch; to skid.

Trig, n. [See Trigger.] A stone, block of wood, or anything else, placed under a wheel or barrel to prevent motion; a scotch; a skid. [Eng.] Wright.

Trig"a*mist (?), n. [See Trigamy.] One who has been married three times; also, one who has three husbands or three wives at the same time.

Trig"a*mous (?), a. [L. trigamus a thrice-married man, Gr. &?; thrice married; &?; (see Tri-) + &?; marriage: cf. F. trigame.] (Bot.) Having three sorts of flowers in the same head, — male, female, and hermaphrodite, or perfect, flowers.

Trig"a*my (?), n. [L. trigamia,Gr. &?;: cf. F. trigamie. See Trigamous.] The act of marrying, or the state of being married, three times; also, the offense of having three husbands or three wives at the same time.

Tri*gas"tric (?), a. [Pref. tri- + Gr. &?; belly.] (Anat.) Having three bellies; — said of a muscle. Dunglison.

Tri*gem"i*nal (?), a. [See Trigeminous.] (Anat.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, the fifth pair of cranial nerves, which divide on each side of the head into three main branches distributed to the orbits, jaws, and parts of the mouth; trifacial.

Tri*gem"i*nous (?), a. [L. trigeminus born three together; tri- (see Tri-) + geminus twin. Cf. Tergeminous.] Born three together; being one of three born at the same birth; also, threefold. E. Phillip&?;.

Tri*gen"ic (?), a. [Pref. tri- + gen- + -ic. So named in reference to its composition, it being supposed to contain the radicals of three molecules of cyanic acid.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, an acid, C4H7N3O2, obtained, by the action of the vapor of cyanic acid on cold aldehyde, as a white crystalline substance having a slightly acid taste and faint smell; — called also ethidene- or ethylidene-biuret.

Tri*ges"i*mo-se*cun"do (?), a. [L. in trigesimo-secundo in the thirty-second.] Having thirty-two leaves to a sheet; as, a trigesimo-secundo form, book, leaf, size, etc.

Tri*ges"i*mo-se*cun"do, n. A book composed of sheets so folded that each one makes thirty-two leaves; hence, indicating, more or less definitely, a size of book; — usually written 32mo, or 32°, and called thirty-twomo.

Trig"ger (?), n. [For older tricker, from D. trekker, fr. trekken to draw, pull. See Trick, n.] 1. A catch to hold the wheel of a carriage on a declivity.

2. (Mech.) A piece, as a lever, which is connected with a catch or detent as a means of releasing it; especially (Firearms), the part of a lock which is moved by the finger to release the cock and discharge the piece.

Trigger fish (Zoöl.), a large plectognath fish (Balistes Carolinensis or B. capriscus) common on the southern coast of the United States, and valued as a food fish in some localities. Its rough skin is used for scouring and polishing in the place of sandpaper. Called also leather jacket, and turbot.

Tri*gin`tal (?), n. [LL. trigintate, fr. L. triginta thirty. See Trental.] (R. C. Ch.) A trental.

Tri*glyc"er*ide (?), n. [Pref. tri- + glyceride.] (Chem.) A glyceride formed by the replacement of three hydrogen atoms in glycerin by acid radicals.

Tri"glyph (?), n. [L. triglyphus, Gr. &?;; &?; (see Tri-) + &?; to carve: cf. F. triglyphe.] (Arch.) An ornament in the frieze of the Doric order, repeated at equal intervals. Each triglyph consists of a rectangular tablet, slightly projecting, and divided nearly to the top by two parallel and perpendicular gutters, or channels, called glyphs, into three parts, or spaces, called femora. A half channel, or glyph, is also cut upon each of the perpendicular edges of the tablet. See Illust. of Entablature.

{ Tri*glyph"ic (?), Tri*glyph"ic*al (?), } a. 1. Consisting of, or pertaining to, triglyphs.

2. Containing three sets of characters or sculptures.

Trig"ness (?), n. [See Trig trim, neat.] The quality or state of being trig; smartness; neatness.

Their spars had no man-of-war trigness.

Kane.

Tri"gon (?), n. [L. trigonum, Gr. &?;; &?; (see Tri-) + &?; a corner, angle: cf. F. trigone.]

1. A figure having three angles; a triangle.

2. (Astrol.) (a) A division consisting of three signs. (b) Trine, an aspect of two planets distant 120 degrees from each other. Hutton.

3. (Gr. & Rom. Antiq.) (a) A kind of triangular lyre or harp. (b) A kind of game at ball played by three persons standing at the angular points of a triangle.

Trig"o*nal (?), a. Having three angles, or corners; triangular; as, a trigonal stem, one having tree prominent longitudinal angles.

<! p. 1539 !>

||Tri`gone" (?), n. [F., literally, a trigon.] (Anat.) A smooth ||triangular area on the inner surface of the bladder, limited by the ||apertures of the ureters and urethra. || ||Tri*go"ni*a (?), n. [NL. See Trigon. So called in allusion to the ||triangular shape of some species.] (Zoöl.) A genus of pearly bivalve ||shells, numerous extinct species of which are characteristic of the ||Mesozoic rocks. A few living species exist on the coast of Australia. || Trig`o*noc"er*ous (?), a. [Gr. &?; triangle + &?; horn.] (Zoöl.) Having horns with three angles, like those of some species of goats.

{ Trig`o*no*met"ric (?), Trig`o*no*met"ric*al (?), }[Cf. F. trigonométrique.] Of or pertaining to trigonometry; performed by the rules of trigonometry.

—Trig`o*no*met"ric*al*ly, adv.

Trigonometrical curve, a curve one of whose coördinates is a trigonometric function of the other. — Trigonometrical function. See under Function. — Trigonometrical lines, lines which are employed in solving the different cases of plane and spherical trigonometry, as sines, tangents, secants, and the like. These lines, or the lengths of them, are trigonometrical functions of the arcs and angles to which they belong. — Trigonometrical survey. See under Survey.

Trig`o*nom"e*try (?), n.; pl. -tries (#). [Gr. &?; a triangle + -metry: cf. F. trigonométrie. See Trigon.] 1. That branch of mathematics which treats of the relations of the sides and angles of triangles, which the methods of deducing from certain given parts other required parts, and also of the general relations which exist between the trigonometrical functions of arcs or angles.

2. A treatise in this science.

Analytical trigonometry, that branch of trigonometry which treats of the relations and properties of the trigonometrical functions. — Plane trigonometry, and Spherical trigonometry, those branches of trigonometry in which its principles are applied to plane triangles and spherical triangles respectively.

Trig"o*nous (?), a. [L. trigonus, Gr. &?;. See Trigon.] Same as Trigonal.

Tri"gram (?), n. [Pref. tri- + - gram.] Same as Trigraph.

Tri`gram*mat"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?;; &?; + &?; a letter.] Containing three letters or characters, or three sets of letters or characters.

Tri*gram"mic (?), a. [Gr. &?;. See Trigrammatic.] Same as Trigrammatic.

Tri"graph (?), n. [Pref. tri- + - graph.] Three letters united in pronunciation so as to have but one sound, or to form but one syllable, as -ieu in adieu; a triphthong.

Tri"gyn (?), n. (Bot.) Any one of the Trigynia.

||Tri*gyn"i*a (?), n. pl. [NL., Gr. &?; (see Tri-) + &?; a woman, a ||female.] (Bot.) A Linnæan order of plants having three pistils or ||styles. || { Tri*gyn"i*an (?), Trig"y*nous (?), } a. (Bot.) Having three pistils or styles; of or pertaining to the Trigynia.

Tri*he"dral (?), a. [See Trihedron.] (Geom.) Having three sides or faces; thus, a trihedral angle is a solid angle bounded by three plane angles. [Written also triedral.]

Tri*he"dron (?), n. [Pref. tri- + Gr. &?; a seat, base.] (Geom.) A figure having three sides.

Tri*ho"ral (?), a. [Pref. tri- + horal.] Occurring once in every three hours.

Trij"u*gate (?), a. [See Trijugous.] (Bot.) In three pairs; as, a trijugate leaf, or a pinnate leaf with three pairs of leaflets.

Trij"u*gous (?), a. [L. trijugus threefold; tri- + jugum a yoke.] (Bot.) Same as Trijugate.

Tri"ko*sane (?), n. [Pref. tri- + Gr. &?; twenty.] (Chem.) A hydrocarbon, C23H48, of the methane series, resembling paraffin; - - so called because it has twenty-three atoms of carbon in the molecule.

Tri*lat"er*al (?), a.[L. trilaterus; tri- (see Tri-) + latus, lateris, side: cf. F. trilatéral. See Lateral.] (Geom.) Having three sides; being three-sided; as, a trilateral triangle. — Tri*lat"er*al*ly, adv. — Tri*lat"er*al*ness, n.

Tri*lem"ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; (see Tri-) + &?; any thing received, in logic, an assumption. Cf. Dilemma.] 1. (Logic) A syllogism with three conditional propositions, the major premises of which are disjunctively affirmed in the minor. See Dilemma.

2. A state of things in which it is difficult to determine which one of three courses to pursue.

Tri*lin"e*ar (?), a. (Math.) Of, pertaining to, or included by, three lines; as, trilinear coördinates.

Tri*lin"gual (?), a. [L. trilinguis; tri- (see Tri-) + lingua tongue, language. See Lingual.] Containing, or consisting of, three languages; expressed in three languages.

The much-noted Rosetta stone . . . bears upon its surface a trilingual inscription.

I. Taylor.

Tri*lin"guar (?), a. See Trilingual.

Tri*lit"er*al (?), a. [Pref. tri- + literal.] Consisting of three letters; trigrammic; as, a triliteral root or word. — n. A triliteral word.

Tri*lit"er*al*ism (?), n. Same as Triliterality.

{ Tri*lit`er*al"i*ty (?), Tri*lit"er*al*ness (?), } n. The quality of being triliteral; as, the triliterality of Hebrew roots. W. D. Whitney.

Tri"lith (?), n. Same as Trilithon. Mollett.

Tri*lith"ic (?), a. Pertaining to a trilith.

Tril"i*thon (trl"*thn), n.; pl. Trilithons (#). [NL., fr. Gr.&?; of or with three stones; &?; (see Tri-) + &?; stone.] (Archæol.) A monument consisting of three stones; especially, such a monument forming a kind of doorway, as among the ancient Celts.

Trill (?), v. i. [OE. trillen to roll, turn round; of Scand. origin; cf. Sw. trilla to roll, Dan. trilde, Icel. þyrla to whirl, and E. thrill. Cf. Thrill.] To flow in a small stream, or in drops rapidly succeeding each other; to trickle. Sir W. Scott.

And now and then an ample tear trilled down Her delicate cheek.

Shak.

Whispered sounds Of waters, trilling from the riven stone.

Glover.

Trill (?), v. t. [OE. trillen; cf. Sw. trilla to roll.] To turn round; to twirl. [Obs.] Gascoigne.

Bid him descend and trill another pin.

Chaucer.

Trill, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trilled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Trilling.] [It. trillare; probably of imitative origin.] To impart the quality of a trill to; to utter as, or with, a trill; as, to trill the r; to trill a note.

The sober-suited songstress trills her lay.

Thomson.

Trill, v. i. To utter trills or a trill; to play or sing in tremulous vibrations of sound; to have a trembling sound; to quaver.

To judge of trilling notes and tripping feet.

Dryden.

Trill, n. [It. trillo, fr. trillare. See Trill to shake.]

1. A sound, of consonantal character, made with a rapid succession of partial or entire intermissions, by the vibration of some one part of the organs in the mouth — tongue, uvula, epiglottis, or lip — against another part; as, the r is a trill in most languages.

2. The action of the organs in producing such sounds; as, to give a trill to the tongue. d

3. (Mus.) A shake or quaver of the voice in singing, or of the sound of an instrument, produced by the rapid alternation of two contiguous tones of the scale; as, to give a trill on the high C. See Shake.

Tril"la*chan (?), n. (Zoöl.) The oyster catcher. [Prov. Eng.]

Tril"ling (?), n. [Cf. G. drilling.] 1. One of tree children born at the same birth. Wright.

2. (Crystallog.) A compound crystal, consisting of three individuals.

Tril"lion (?), n. [F. trillion, formed from the pref. tri- in imitation of million a million. Cf. Billion.] According to the French notation, which is used upon the Continent generally and in the United States, the number expressed by a unit with twelve ciphers annexed; a million millions; according to the English notation, the number produced by involving a million to the third power, or the number represented by a unit with eighteen ciphers annexed. See the Note under Numeration.

||Tril"li*um (?), n. [NL.; cf. L. trilix triple-woven, triple.] (Bot.) ||A genus of liliaceous plants; the three-leaved nightshade; — so ||called because all the parts of the plant are in threes. || ||Tril"lo (?), n. [It. See Trill.] (Mus.) A trill or shake. See Trill. || Tri*lo"bate (?), a. [Pref. tri- + lobate.] Having three lobes.

Tri`lo*ba"tion (?), n. The state of being trilobate.

Tri"lobed (?), a. [Pref. tri- + lobe.] Same as Trilobate.

||Tri`lo*bi"ta (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Paleon.) An extinct order of ||arthropods comprising the trilobites. || Tri"lo*bite (tr"l*bt), n. [Cf. F. trilobite. See Trilobate.] (Paleon.) Any one of numerous species of extinct arthropods belonging to the order Trilobita. Trilobites were very common in the Silurian and Devonian periods, but became extinct at the close of the Paleozoic. So named from the three lobes usually seen on each segment.

Tri`lo*bit"ic (?), a. Of, pertaining to or containing, trilobites; as, trilobitic rocks.

Tri*loc"u*lar (?), a. [Pref. tri- + locular: cf. F. triloculaire.] Having three cells or cavities; as, a trilocular capsule; a trilocular heart.

Tril"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. trilogi`a; pref. tri- (see Tri-) + lo`gos speech, discourse: cf. F. trilogie.] A series of three dramas which, although each of them is in one sense complete, have a close mutual relation, and form one historical and poetical picture. Shakespeare's " Henry VI." is an example.

On the Greek stage, a drama, or acted story, consisted in reality of three dramas, called together a trilogy, and performed consecutively in the course of one day.

Coleridge.

{ Tri*lu"mi*nar (?), Tri*lu"mi*nous (?), } a. [Pref. tri- + L. lumen, luminis, light.] Having three lights [R.]

Trim (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trimmed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Trimming.] [OE. trimen, trumen, AS. trymian, trymman, to prepare, dispose, make strong, fr. trum firm, strong; of uncertain origin.] 1. To make trim; to put in due order for any purpose; to make right, neat, or pleasing; to adjust.

The hermit trimmed his little fire.

Goldsmith.

2. To dress; to decorate; to adorn; to invest; to embellish; as, to trim a hat.

A rotten building newly trimmed over.

Milton.

I was trimmed in Julia's gown.

Shak.

3. To make ready or right by cutting or shortening; to clip or lop; to curtail; as, to trim the hair; to trim a tree. " And trimmed the cheerful lamp." Byron.

4. (Carp.) To dress, as timber; to make smooth.

5. (Naut.) (a) To adjust, as a ship, by arranging the cargo, or disposing the weight of persons or goods, so equally on each side of the center and at each end, that she shall sit well on the water and sail well; as, to trim a ship, or a boat. (b) To arrange in due order for sailing; as, to trim the sails.

6. To rebuke; to reprove; also, to beat. [Colloq.]

To trim in (Carp.), to fit, as a piece of timber, into other work. — To trim up, to dress; to put in order.

I found her trimming up the diadem On her dead mistress.

Shak.

Trim (?), v. i. To balance; to fluctuate between parties, so as to appear to favor each.

Trim, n. 1. Dress; gear; ornaments.

Seeing him just pass the window in his woodland trim.

Sir W. Scott.

2. Order; disposition; condition; as, to be in good trim. " The trim of an encounter." Chapman.

3. The state of a ship or her cargo, ballast, masts, etc., by which she is well prepared for sailing.

4. (Arch) The lighter woodwork in the interior of a building; especially, that used around openings, generally in the form of a molded architrave, to protect the plastering at those points.

In ballast trim (Naut.), having only ballast on board. R. H. Dana, Jr. — Trim of the masts (Naut.), their position in regard to the ship and to each other, as near or distant, far forward or much aft, erect or raking. — Trim of sails (Naut.), that adjustment, with reference to the wind, witch is best adapted to impel the ship forward.

Trim, a. [Compar. Trimmer (?); superl. Trimmest.] [See Trim, v. t.] Fitly adjusted; being in good order., or made ready for service or use; firm; compact; snug; neat; fair; as, the ship is trim, or trim built; everything about the man is trim; a person is trim when his body is well shaped and firm; his dress is trim when it fits closely to his body, and appears tight and snug; a man or a soldier is trim when he stands erect.

With comely carriage of her countenance trim.

Spenser.

So deemed I till I viewed their trim array Of boats last night.

Trench.

Tri*mac"u*la`ted (?), a. [Pref. tri- + maculated.] Marked with three spots, or maculæ.

Tri*mel"lic (?), a. [Pref. tri- + L. mel, gen. mellis, honey.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, a certain tribasic acid (called also trimellitic acid) metameric with trimesitic acid.

Tri*mem"bral, a. [L. trimembris triplemembered. See Tri-, and Member.] Having, or consisting of, three members.

||Tri"me*ra (?), n. pl. [NL. See Tri-, and -mere.] (Zoöl.) A division ||of Coleoptera including those which have but three joints in the ||tarsi. || Tri"mer*an (?), n. (Zoöl.) One of the Trimera. Also used adjectively.

Tri"mer*ous (?), a. [See Trimera.] (Bot.) Having the parts in threes.

Tri`me*sit"ic (?), a. [Pref. tri- + mesitylene + -ic.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, a tribasic acid, C6H3.(CO2)3, of the aromatic series, obtained, by the oxidation of mesitylene, as a white crystalline substance. [Written also trimesic.]

Tri*mes"ter (?), n. [L. trimestris of three months; tri- (see Tri-) + mensis month: cf. F. trimestre.] A term or period of three months.

Tri*mes"tral (?), a. Trimestrial. Southey.

Tri*mes"tri*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to a trimester, or period of three months; occurring once in every three months; quarterly.

Trim"e*ter (?), a. [L. trimetrus, Gr. &?;; &?; (see Tri-) + &?; measure. See Meter measure.] (Pros.) Consisting of three poetical measures. — n. A poetical division of verse, consisting of three measures. Lowth.

Tri*meth"yl (?). (Chem.) A prefix or combining form (also used adjectively) indicating the presence of three methyl groups.

Tri*meth`yl*am"ine (?), n. [Trimethyl- + amine.] (Chem.) A colorless volatile alkaline liquid, N.(CH3)3, obtained from herring brine, beet roots, etc., with a characteristic herringlike odor. It is regarded as a substituted ammonia containing three methyl groups.

Tri*meth"yl*ene (?), n. (Chem.) A gaseous hydrocarbon, C3H6, isomeric with propylene and obtained from it indirectly. It is the base of a series of compounds analogous to the aromatic hydrocarbons.

Tri*met"ric (?), a. [Pref. tri- + Gr. &?; measure.] (Crystallog.) Same as Orthorhombic.

Tri*met"ric*al (?), a. Same as Trimeter.

Trim"ly (?), adv. In a trim manner; nicely.

Trim"mer (?), n. 1. One who trims, arranges, fits, or ornaments.

2. One who does not adopt extreme opinions in politics, or the like; one who fluctuates between parties, so as to appear to favor each; a timeserver.

Thus Halifax was a trimmer on principle.

Macaulay.

3. An instrument with which trimming is done.

4. (Arch.) A beam, into which are framed the ends of headers in floor framing, as when a hole is to be left for stairs, or to avoid bringing joists near chimneys, and the like. See Illust. of Header.

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Trim"ming (?), a. from Trim, v.

The Whigs are, essentially, an inefficient, trimming, halfway sort of a party.

Jeffrey.

Trimming joist (Arch.), a joist into which timber trimmers are framed; a header. See Header. Knight.

Trim"ming, n. 1. The act of one who trims.

2. That which serves to trim, make right or fitting, adjust, ornament, or the like; especially, the necessary or the ornamental appendages, as of a garment; hence, sometimes, the concomitants of a dish; a relish; — usually in the plural.

3. The act of reprimanding or chastisting; as, to give a boy a trimming. [Colloq.]

Trim"ming*ly, adv. In a trimming manner.

Trim"ness, n. The quality or state of being trim; orderliness; compactness; snugness; neatness.

Tri"morph (?), n. [See Trimorphous.] (Crystallog.) A substance which crystallizes in three distinct forms, or which has three distinct physical states; also, any one of these distinct forms. See Trimorphism, 1.

{ Tri*mor"phic (?), Tri*mor"phous (?), } a. [Gr. &?; three-formed; &?; (see Tri-) + &?; form.] Of, pertaining to, or characterized by, trimorphism; — contrasted with monomorphic, dimorphic, and polymorphic.

Tri*mor"phism (?), n. [See Trimorphic.] 1. (Crystallog.) The property of crystallizing in three forms fundamentally distinct, as is the case with titanium dioxide, which crystallizes in the forms of rutile, octahedrite, and brookite. See Pleomorphism.

2. (Biol.) The coëxistence among individuals of the same species of three distinct forms, not connected, as a rule, by intermediate gradations; the condition among individuals of the same species of having three different shapes or proportions of corresponding parts; — contrasted with polymorphism, and dimorphism.

Heterogonous trimporphism (Bot.), that condition in which flowers of plants of the same species have three different lengths of stamens, short, medium, and long, the blossoms of one individual plant having short and medium stamens and a long style, those of another having short and long stamens and a style of medium length, and those of a third having medium and long stamens and a short style, the style of each blossom thus being of a length not represented by its stamens.

||Tri*mur"ti (?), n. [Skr. trimrti; tri three + mrti body.] (Hindu ||Myth.) The triad, or trinity, of Hindu gods, consisting of Brahma, ||the Creator, Vishnu, the Preserver, and Siva, the Destroyer. [Spelled ||also Trimurtti.] || Trim`y*a"ri*an (?), n. [Pref. tri + Gr. &?;, &?;, a muscle.] (Zoöl.) A lamellibranch which has three muscular scars on each valve.

Tri"nal (?), a. [L. trinus triple, trini three each, fr. tres, tria, three. See Three, and cf. Trine, a. & n., Tern, a.] Threefold. "Trinal unity." Milton.

In their trinal triplicities on high.

Spenser.

Trin"dle (?), v. t. & n. See Trundle.

Trine (?), a. [See Trinal.] Threefold; triple; as, trine dimensions, or length, breadth, and thickness.

Trine, n. [F. trine, trin. See Trinal.] 1. (Astrol.) The aspect of planets distant from each other 120 degrees, or one third of the zodiac; trigon.

In sextile, square, and trine.

Milton.

2. A triad; trinity. [R.]

A single trine of brazen tortoises.

Mrs. Browning.

Eternal One, Almighty Trine!

Keble.

Trine, v. t. To put in the aspect of a trine. [R.]

By fortune he [Saturn] was now to Venus trined.

Dryden.

Tri*nerv"ate (?), a. [NL. trinervatus; pref. tri- + L. nervus nerve.] (Bot.) Having three ribs or nerves extending unbranched from the base to the apex; — said of a leaf. Gray.

{ Tri"nerve` (?), Tri"nerved` (?), } a. [Pref. tri- + nerve.] (Bot.) Same as Trinervate.

||Trin"ga (?), n. [NL.] (Zoöl.) A genus of limicoline birds including ||many species of sandpipers. See Dunlin, Knot, and Sandpiper. || Trin"gle (?), n. [F. tringle.] A curtain rod for a bedstead.

Trin"goid (?), a. [Tringa + - oid.] (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to Tringa, or the Sandpiper family.

Trin`i*ta"ri*an (?), a. [Cf. F. trinitaire. See Trinity.] Of or pertaining to the Trinity, the doctrine of the Trinity, or believers in that doctrine.

Trin`i*ta"ri*an, n. 1. One who believes in the doctrine of the Trinity.

2. (Eccl. Hist.) One of a monastic order founded in Rome in 1198 by St. John of Matha, and an old French hermit, Felix of Valois, for the purpose of redeeming Christian captives from the Mohammedans.

Trin`i*ta"ri*an*ism (?), n. The doctrine of the Trinity; the doctrine that there are three distinct persons in the Godhead.

Tri*ni`tro*cel"lu*lose" (?), n. Gun cotton; — so called because regarded as containing three nitro groups.

Tri*ni`tro*phe"nol (?), n. (Chem.) Picric acid.

Trin"i*ty (?), n. [OE. trinitee, F. trinité, L. trinitas, fr. trini three each. See Trinal.] 1. (Christian Theol.) The union of three persons (the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost) in one Godhead, so that all the three are one God as to substance, but three persons as to individuality.

2. Any union of three in one; three units treated as one; a triad, as the Hindu trinity, or Trimurti.

3. Any symbol of the Trinity employed in Christian art, especially the triangle.

Trinity House, an institution in London for promoting commerce and navigation, by licensing pilots, ordering and erecting beacons, and the like. — Trinity Sunday, the Sunday next after Whitsunday; — so called from the feast held on that day in honor of the Holy Trinity. — Trinity term. (Law) See the Note under Term, n., 5.

Trin`i*u"ni*ty (?), n. [See Trinity, and Unity.] Triunity; trinity. [Obs.]

As for terms of trinity, triniunity, . . . and the like, they reject them as scholastic notions.

Milton.

Trink (?), n. A kind of fishing net. [Obs.] Crabb.

Trin"ket (?), n. [F. trinquet foremast, also, a certain sail, trinquette a triangular sail, or Sp. trinquete triangular.] (Naut.) A three-cornered sail formerly carried on a ship's foremast, probably on a lateen yard.

Sailing always with the sheets of mainsail and trinket warily in our hands.

Hakluyt.

Trin"ket, n. [OE. trenket a sort of knife, hence, probably, a toy knife worn as an ornament; probably from an Old French dialectic form of trenchier to cut. Cf. Trench, v. t.] 1. A knife; a cutting tool. Tusser.

2. A small ornament, as a jewel, ring, or the like.

3. A thing of little value; a trifle; a toy.

Trin"ket, v. i. To give trinkets; hence, to court favor; to intrigue. [Obs.] South.

Trin"ket*er (?), n. One who trinkets. [Obs.]

Trin"ket*ry (?), n. Ornaments of dress; trinkets, collectively.

No trinketry on front, or neck, or breast.

Southey.

Trin"kle (?), v. i. To act secretly, or in an underhand way; to tamper. [Obs.] Wright.

Tri*noc"tial (?), a. [L. trinoctialis for three nights; tri- (see Tri-) + nox, noctis, night.] Lasting during three nights; comprising three nights.

Tri*nod"al (?), a. [L. trinodis three- knotted; tri- (see Tri-) + nodus knot.] 1. (Bot.) Having three knots or nodes; having three points from which a leaf may shoot; as, a trinodal stem.

2. (Geom.) Having three nodal points.

Tri*no"mi*al (?), n. [Pref. tri- + -nomial as in binomial: cf. F. trinôme.] (Math.) A quantity consisting of three terms, connected by the sign + or -; as, x + y + z, or ax + 2b - c2.

Tri*no"mi*al, a. (Math.) Consisting of three terms; of or pertaining to trinomials; as, a trinomial root.

Tri*nom"i*nal (?), n. & a. [Pref. tri- + L. nomen, nominis, name: cf. L. trinominis three- named.] (Math.) Trinomial.

||Tri*nu"cle*us (?), n. [Pref. tri- + nucleus.] (Paleon.) A genus of ||Lower Silurian trilobites in which the glabella and cheeks form three ||rounded elevations on the head. || Tri"o (?), n. [It., fr. L. tres, tria, three: cf. F. trio, from the Italian. See Three.] 1. Three, considered collectively; three in company or acting together; a set of three; three united.

The trio were well accustomed to act together, and were linked to each other by ties of mutual interest.

Dickens.

2. (Mus.) (a) A composition for three parts or three instruments. (b) The secondary, or episodical, movement of a minuet or scherzo, as in a sonata or symphony, or of a march, or of various dance forms; — not limited to three parts or instruments.

{ Tri*ob"o*lar (?), Tri*ob"o*la*ry (?), } a. [LL. triobolaris, fr. L. triobolus a piece of three oboli, Gr. &?;. See Tri-, and Obolus.] Of the value of three oboli; hence, mean; worthless. [Obs.]

It may pass current . . . for a triobolar ballad.

Cheyne.

Tri*oc"tile (-k"tl), n. [Pref. tri- + octile.] (Astrol.) An aspect of two planets with regard to the earth when they are three octants, or three eighths of a circle, that is, 135 degrees, distant from each other. Hutton.

||Tri*œ"ci*a (-"sh*), n. pl. [NL. See Triœcious.] (Bot.) The third ||order of the Linnæan class Polygamia. || Tri*œ"cious (-shs), a. [Pref. tri- + Gr. &?; house.] (Bot.) Having three sorts of flowers on the same or on different plants, some of the flowers being staminate, others pistillate, and others both staminate and pistillate; belonging to the order Triœcia.

Tri"ole (tr"l), n. [See Triolet.] (Mus.) Same as Triplet.

Tri*o"le*in (tr*"l*n), n. [Pref. tri- + olein.] (Physiol. Chem.) See Olein.

Tri"o*let (tr"*lt), n. [F. triolet. See Trio.] A short poem or stanza of eight lines, in which the first line is repeated as the fourth and again as the seventh line, the second being, repeated as the eighth. Brande & C.

||Tri*on`y*choi"de*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Trionyx, and -old.] (Zoöl.) A ||division of chelonians which comprises Trionyx and allied genera; — ||called also Trionychoides, and Trionychina. || ||Tri*on"yx (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; (see Tri-) + &?; a claw.] (Zoöl.) ||A genus of fresh-water or river turtles which have the shell ||imperfectly developed and covered with a soft leathery skin. They are ||noted for their agility and rapacity. Called also soft tortoise, ||soft-shell tortoise, and mud turtle. || The common American species (Trionyx, or Aspidonectus, ferox) becomes over a foot in length and is very voracious. Similar species are found in Asia and Africa.

Tri"or (?), n. (Law) Same as Trier, 2 and 3.

Tri*ox"ide (?), n. [Pref. tri- + oxide.] (Chem.) An oxide containing three atoms of oxygen; as, sulphur trioxide, SO3; — formerly called tritoxide.

Trip (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tripped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tripping.] [OE. trippen; akin to D. trippen, Dan. trippe, and E. tramp. See Tramp.]

1. To move with light, quick steps; to walk or move lightly; to skip; to move the feet nimbly; — sometimes followed by it. See It, 5.

This horse anon began to trip and dance.

Chaucer.

Come, and trip it, as you go, On the light fantastic toe.

Milton.

She bounded by, and tripped so light They had not time to take a steady sight.

Dryden.

2. To make a brief journey or pleasure excursion; as, to trip to Europe.

3. To take a quick step, as when in danger of losing one's balance; hence, to make a false step; to catch the foot; to lose footing; to stumble.

4. Fig.: To be guilty of a misstep; to commit an offense against morality, propriety, or rule; to err; to mistake; to fail. "Till his tongue trip." Locke.

A blind will thereupon comes to be led by a blind understanding; there is no remedy, but it must trip and stumble.

South.

Virgil is so exact in every word that none can be changed but for a worse; he pretends sometimes to trip, but it is to make you think him in danger when most secure.

Dryden.

What? dost thou verily trip upon a word?

R. Browning.

Trip, v. t. 1. To cause to stumble, or take a false step; to cause to lose the footing, by striking the feet from under; to cause to fall; to throw off the balance; to supplant; — often followed by up; as, to trip up a man in wrestling.

The words of Hobbes's defense trip up the heels of his cause.

Abp. Bramhall.

2. Fig.: To overthrow by depriving of support; to put an obstacle in the way of; to obstruct; to cause to fail.

To trip the course of law, and blunt the sword.

Shak.

3. To detect in a misstep; to catch; to convict. [R.]

These her women can trip me if I err.

Shak.

4. (Naut.) (a) To raise (an anchor) from the bottom, by its cable or buoy rope, so that it hangs free. (b) To pull (a yard) into a perpendicular position for lowering it.

5. (Mach.) To release, let fall, or set free, as a weight or compressed spring, as by removing a latch or detent.

Trip, n. 1. A quick, light step; a lively movement of the feet; a skip.

His heart bounded as he sometimes could hear the trip of a light female step glide to or from the door.

Sir W. Scott.

2. A brief or rapid journey; an excursion or jaunt.

I took a trip to London on the death of the queen.

Pope.

3. A false step; a stumble; a misstep; a loss of footing or balance. Fig.: An error; a failure; a mistake.

Imperfect words, with childish trips.

Milton.

Each seeming trip, and each digressive start.

Harte.

4. A small piece; a morsel; a bit. [Obs.] "A trip of cheese." Chaucer.

5. A stroke, or catch, by which a wrestler causes his antagonist to lose footing.

And watches with a trip his foe to foil.

Dryden.

It is the sudden trip in wrestling that fetches a man to the ground.

South.

6. (Naut.) A single board, or tack, in plying, or beating, to windward.

7. A herd or flock, as of sheep, goats, etc. [Prov. Eng. & Scott.]

8. A troop of men; a host. [Obs.] Robert of Brunne.

9. (Zoöl.) A flock of widgeons.

Tri*pal"mi*tate (?), n. [Pref. tri- + palmitate.] (Chem.) A palmitate derived from three molecules of palmitic acid.

Tri*pal"mi*tin (?), n. [Pref. tri- + palmitin.] (Physiol. Chem.) See Palmitin.

Tri*pang" (?), n. (Zoöl.) See Trepang.

Tri"part`ed (?), a. [Pref. tri- + parted.]

1. (Her.) Parted into three piece; having three parts or pieces; — said of the field or of a bearing; as, a cross triparted.

2. (Bot.) Divided nearly to the base into three segments or lobes.

Tri*part"i*ble (?), a. Divisible into three parts.

Tri*par"tient (?), a. [See Tripartite.] (Arith.) Dividing into three parts; — said of a number which exactly divides another into three parts.

Trip"ar*tite (?), a. [L. tripartitus; tri- (see Tri-) + partitus, p. p. of partiri to part, to divide. See Part, v. i.] 1. Divided into three parts; triparted; as, a tripartite leaf.

2. Having three corresponding parts or copies; as, to make indentures tripartite. A. Smith.

3. Made between three parties; as, a tripartite treaty.

Trip`ar*tite*ly, adv. In a tripartite manner.

Trip`ar*ti"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. tripartition.] A division by threes, or into three parts; the taking of a third part of any number or quantity.

Tri*pas"chal (?), a. [Pref. tri- + paschal.] Including three passovers.

Tripe (?), n. [OE. tripe, F. tripe; of uncertain origin; cf. Sp. & Pg. tripa, It. trippa, OD. tripe, W. tripa, Armor. stripen.] 1. The large stomach of ruminating animals, when prepared for food.

How say you to a fat tripe finely broiled ?

Shak.

2. The entrails; hence, humorously or in contempt, the belly; — generally used in the plural. Howell.

Trip"e*dal (?), a. [L. tripedalis; tri- (see Tri-) + pes, pedis, a foot.] Having three feet.

||Tripe`-de-roche" (?), n. [F.] (Bot.) Same as Rock tripe, under Rock. || Trip"el (?), n. (Min.) Same as Tripoli.

Tripe"man (?), n.; pl. - men (&?;). A man who prepares or sells tripe.

Tri*pen"nate (?), a. [Pref. tri- + pennate.] (Bot.) Same as Tripinnate.

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Tri*per"son*al (tr*pr"sn*al), a. [Pref. tri- + personal.] Consisting of three persons. Milton.

Tri*per"son*al*ist, n. A Trinitarian.

Tri*per`son*al"i*ty (?), n. The state of existing as three persons in one Godhead; trinity.

Trip"er*y (trp"r*), n. [Cf. F. triperie.] A place where tripe is prepared or sold. London Quart. Rev.

Tripe"stone` (trp"stn`), n. (Min.) A variety of anhydrite composed of contorted plates fancied to resemble pieces of tripe.

Tri*pet"al*oid (?), a. [Pref. tri- + petaloid.] (Bot.) Having the form or appearance of three petals; appearing as if furnished with three petals.

Tri*pet"al*ous (?), a. [Pref. tri- + petalous: cf. F. tripétale.] (Bot.) Having three petals, or flower leaves; three-petaled.

Trip" ham`mer (?). A tilt hammer.

Tri"phane (?), n. [Gr. &?; appearing three- fold; &?; (see Tri-) + &?; to appear cf. F. triphane.] (Min.) Spodumene.

Triph"thong (?), n. [Pref. tri- + - phthong, as in diphthong: cf. F. triphthonque.] (Orthoëpy) A combination of three vowel sounds in a single syllable, forming a simple or compound sound; also, a union of three vowel characters, representing together a single sound; a trigraph; as, eye, -ieu in adieu, -eau in beau, are examples of triphthongs.

Triph*thon"gal (?), a. Of or pertaining to a triphthong; consisting of three vowel sounds pronounced together in a single syllable.

Triph"y*line (?), n. Triphylite.

Triph"y*lite (?), n. [Pref. tri- + Gr. &?; a family, class. So called in allusion to its containing three phosphates.] (Min.) A mineral of a grayish-green or bluish color, consisting of the phosphates of iron, manganese, and lithia.

A salmon-colored or clove-brown variety containing but little iron is known as lithiophilite.

Triph"yl*lous (?), a. [Gr. &?;; &?; (see Tri-) + &?; a leaf: cf. F. triphylle.] (Bot.) Having three leaves; three-leaved.

Tri*pin"nate (?), a. [Pref. tri- + pinnate.] (Bot.) Having bipinnate leaflets arranged on each side of a rhachis.

Tri`pin*nat"i*fid (?), a. [Pref. tri- + pinnatifid.] (Bot.) Thrice pinnately cleft; — said of a pinnatifid leaf when its segments are pinnatifid, and the subdivisions of these also are pinnatifid.

Tri*pla"sian, a. [Gr. &?; thrice as many.] Three-fold; triple; treble. [Obs.] Cudworth.

Tri"ple (?), a. [L. triplus; tri- (see Tri-) + -plus, as in duplus double: cf. F. triple. See Double, and cf. Treble.] 1. Consisting of three united; multiplied by three; threefold; as, a triple knot; a triple tie.

By thy triple shape as thou art seen.

Dryden.

2. Three times repeated; treble. See Treble.

3. One of three; third. [Obs.] Shak.

Triple crown, the crown, or tiara, of the pope. See Tiara, 2. — Triple-expansion steam engine, a compound steam engine in which the same steam performs work in three cylinders successively. — Triple measure (Mus.), a measure of tree beats of which first only is accented. — Triple ratio (Math.), a ratio which is equal to 3. — Triple salt (Chem.), a salt containing three distinct basic atoms as radicals; thus, microcosmic salt is a triple salt. — Triple star (Astron.), a system of three stars in close proximity. — Triple time (Mus.), that time in which each measure is divided into three equal parts. — Triple valve, in an automatic air brake for railroad cars, the valve under each car, by means of which the brake is controlled by a change of pressure in the air pipe leading from the locomotive.

Tri"ple, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tripled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tripling (?).] [Cf. F. tripler. See Triple, a.] To make threefold, or thrice as much or as many; to treble; as, to triple the tax on coffee.

Tri"ple-crowned` (?), a. Having three crowns; wearing the triple crown, as the pope.

Tri"ple-head`ed (?), a. Having three heads; three-headed; as, the triple-headed dog Cerberus.

Trip"let (?), n. [From Triple.] 1. A collection or combination of three of a kind; three united.

2. (Poetry) Three verses rhyming together.

3. (Mus.) A group of three notes sung or played in the tree of two.

4. pl. Three children or offspring born at one birth.

Tri"ple-tail` (?), n. (Zoöl.) An edible fish (Lobotes Surinamensis) found in the warmer parts of all the oceans, and common on the southern and middle coasts of the United States. When living it is silvery gray, and becomes brown or blackish when dead. Its dorsal and anal fins are long, and extend back on each side of the tail. It has large silvery scales which are used in the manufacture of fancy work. Called also, locally, black perch, grouper, and flasher.

Trip"li*cate (?), a. [L. triplicatus, p. p. of triplicare to triple, treble; tri- (see Tri-) + plicare to fold. See Ply, v. t.] Made thrice as much; threefold; tripled.

Triplicate ratio (Math.), the ratio of the cubes of two quantities; thus, the triplicate ratio of a to b is a3: b3.

Trip"li*cate (?), n. A third thing corresponding to two others of the same kind.

Trip"li*cate-ter`nate, a. (Bot.) Triternate.

Trip"li*ca"tion (?), n. [L. triplicatio: cf. F. triplication.] 1. The act of tripling, or making threefold, or adding three together. Glanvill.

2. (Civil Law) Same as Surrejoinder.

Tri*plic"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. triplicité, fr. L. triplex, triplicis, threefold. See Triplicate, a.] The quality or state of being triple, or threefold; trebleness.

In their trinal triplicities on high.

Spenser.

Trip`li*cos"tate (?), a. [Triple + costate.] (Bot.) Three-ribbed.

Trip"lite (?), n. [Cf. F. triplite. See Triple.] (Min.) A mineral of a dark brown color, generally with a fibrous, massive structure. It is a fluophosphate of iron and manganese.

Trip`lo*blas"tic (?), a. [Gr. &?; threefold + -blast + -ic.] (Biol.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, that condition of the ovum in which there are three primary germinal layers, or in which the blastoderm splits into three layers.

Trip*loi"dite (?), n. (Min.) A manganese phosphate near triplite, but containing hydroxyl instead of fluorine.

Trip"ly (?), adv. In a triple manner.

Trip"mad`am (?), n. [F. tripe-madame, trique-madame.] (Bot.) Same as Prickmadam.

Tri"pod (?), n. [L. tripus, - odis, Gr. &?;; &?; (see Tri-) + &?;, &?;, foot. See Foot, and cf. Tripos, Trivet.] 1. Any utensil or vessel, as a stool, table, altar, caldron, etc., supported on three feet.

On such, a stool, in the temple of Apollo at Delphi, the Pythian priestess sat while giving responses to those consulting the Delphic oracle.

2. A three-legged frame or stand, usually jointed at top, for supporting a theodolite, compass, telescope, camera, or other instrument.

Tripod of life, or Vital tripod (Physiol.), the three organs, the heart, lungs, and brain; — so called because their united action is necessary to the maintenance of life.

Tri*po"di*an (?), n. (Mus.) An ancient stringed instrument; — so called because, in form, it resembled the Delphic tripod.

Trip"o*dy (?), n. [Pref. tri- + - pody, as in dipody.] (Pros.) Three metrical feet taken together, or included in one measure.

Trip"o*li (?), n. (Min.) An earthy substance originally brought from Tripoli, used in polishing stones and metals. It consists almost wholly of the siliceous shells of diatoms.

Trip"o*line (?), a. 1. Of or pertaining to Tripoli or its inhabitants; Tripolitan.

2. Of or pertaining to tripoli, the mineral.

Tri*pol"i*tan (?), a. Of or pertaining to Tripoli or its inhabitants; Tripoline. — n. A native or inhabitant of Tripoli.

Tri"pos (?), n.; pl. Triposes (#). [Gr. &?; a tripod. See Tripod.] 1. A tripod. [Obs.] Dryden.

2. A university examination of questionists, for honors; also, a tripos paper; one who prepares a tripos paper. [Cambridge University, Eng.]

Classical tripos examination, the final university examination for classical honors, optional to all who have taken the mathematical honors. C. A. Bristed. — Tripos paper, a printed list of the successful candidates for mathematical honors, accompanied by a piece in Latin verse. There are two of these, designed to commemorate the two tripos days. The first contains the names of the wranglers and senior optimes, and the second the names of the junior optimes. The word tripos is supposed to refer to the three-legged stool formerly used at the examinations for these honors, though some derive it from the three brackets formerly printed on the back of the paper. C. A. Bristed.

Trip"pant (?), a. (Her.) See Tripping, a., 2.

Trip"per (?), n. 1. One who trips or supplants; also, one who walks or trips nimbly; a dancer.

2. An excursionist.

Trip"pet (?), n. (Mach.) A cam, wiper, or projecting piece which strikes another piece repeatedly.

Trip"ping (?), a. 1. Quick; nimble; stepping lightly and quickly.

2. (Her.) Having the right forefoot lifted, the others remaining on the ground, as if he were trotting; trippant; — said of an animal, as a hart, buck, and the like, used as a bearing.

Trip"ping, n. 1. Act of one who, or that which, trips.

2. A light dance.

Other trippings to be trod of lighter toes.

Milton.

3. (Naut.) The loosing of an anchor from the ground by means of its cable or buoy rope.

Tripping line (Naut.), a small rope attached to the topgallant or royal yard, used to trip the yard, and in lowering it to the deck; also, a line used in letting go the anchor. Luce.

Trip"ping*ly, adv. In a tripping manner; with a light, nimble, quick step; with agility; nimbly.

Sing, and dance it trippingly.

Shak.

Speak the speech . . . trippingly on the tongue.

Shak.

||Trip"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to rub.] (Med.) (a) ||Trituration. [R.] (b) Shampoo. [R.] || Trip"tote (?), n. [L. triptotum, Gr. &?; with three cases; &?; (see Tri-) + &?; falling, fr. &?; to fall.] (Gram.) A noun having three cases only.

Trip"tych (?), n. [Gr. &?; consisting of three layers or plates; &?; (see Tri-) + &?;, &?;, a fold, layer.] Anything in three parts or leaves. Specifically: — (a) A writing tablet in three parts, two of which fold over on the middle part.

(b) A picture or altarpiece in three compartments.

Tri*pu"di*a*ry (?), a. [L. tripudium a measured stamping, a leaping, a solemn religious dance.] Of or pertaining to dancing; performed by dancing. [R.] " Tripudiary augurations." Sir T. Browne.

Tri*pu"di*ate (?), v. i. [L. tripudiare, tripudiatum.] To dance. [R.] Cockeram.

Tri*pu`di*a"tion (?), n. [L. tripudiatio.] The act of dancing. [R.] Bacon. Carlyle.

Tri`quad*ran"tal (?), a. [Pref. tri- + quadrantal.] (Spherical Trig.) Having three quadrants; thus, a triquadrantal triangle is one whose three sides are quadrants, and whose three angles are consequently right angles.

Tri*que"tral (?), a. Triquetrous.

Tri*que"trous (?), a. [L. triquetrus.] Three sided, the sides being plane or concave; having three salient angles or edges; trigonal.

Tri*que"trum (?), n.; pl. Triquetra (#). [NL.] (Anat.) One of the bones of the carpus; the cuneiform. See Cuneiform (b).

{ Tri*ra"di*ate (?), Tri*ra"di*a`ted (?) }, a. [Pref. tri- + radiate.] Having three rays.

Tri`rec*tan"gu*lar (?), a. [Pref. tri- + rectangular.] (Spherical Trig.) Having three right angles. See Triquadrantal.

Tri"reme (?), n. [L. triremis; tri- (see Tri-) + remus an oar, akin to E. row. See Row to propel with an oar.] (Class. Antiq.) An ancient galley or vessel with tree banks, or tiers, of oars.

Tri`rhom*boid"al (?), a. [Pref. tri- + rhomboidal.] Having three rhombic faces or sides.

Tri*sac`ra*men*ta"ri*an (?), n. [Pref. tri- + sacramentarian.] (Eccl.) One who recognizes three sacraments, and no more; — namely, baptism, the Lord's Supper, and penance. See Sacrament.

||Tris*ag"i*on (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; thrice holy; &?; thrice + &?; ||holy.] (Eccl.) An ancient anthem, — usually known by its Latin name ||tersanctus.See Tersanctus. || Tri*sect" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trisected; p. pr. & vb. n. Trisecting.] [Pref. tri- + L. sectus, p. p. of secare to cut. See Section.] 1. To cut or divide into three parts.

2. (Geom.) To cut or divide into three equal parts.

Tri*sect"ed, a. (Bot.) Divided into three parts or segments by incisions extending to the midrib or to the base; — said of leaves.

Tri*sec"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. trisection.] The division of a thing into three parts, Specifically: (Geom.) the division of an angle into three equal parts.

Tri*ser"al*ous (?), a. [Pref. tri- + sepal.] (Bot.) Having three sepals, or calyx leaves.

{ Tri*se"ri*al (?), Tri*se"ri*ate (?), } a. [Pref. tri- + serial, seriate.] (Bot.) Arranged in three vertical or spiral rows.

||Tris"mus (?), n. [NL., form Gr. &?; gnashing of the teeth.] (Med.) ||The lockjaw. || Tris*ni"trate (?), n. [Gr. &?; thrice + E. nitrate.] (Chem.) A nitrate formed from three molecules of nitric acid; also, less properly, applied to certain basic nitrates; as, trisnitrate of bismuth.

Tris*oc`ta*he"dron (?), n. [Gr. &?; thrice + FE. octahedron.] (Crystallog.) A solid of the isometric system bounded by twenty-four equal faces, three corresponding to each face of an octahedron.

Tetragonal trisoctahedron, a trisoctahedron each face of which is a quadrilateral; called also trapezohedron and icositetrahedron. — Trigonal trisoctahedron, a trisoctahedron each face of which is an isosceles triangle.

{ Tri"spast (?), Tri*spas"ton (?), } n. [NL. trispaston, fr. Gr. &?; drawn threefold; &?; (see Tri-) + &?; to draw.] (Mech.) A machine with three pulleys which act together for raising great weights. Brande & C.

Tri*sper"mous (?), a. [Pref. tri- + Gr. &?; seed.] (Bot.) Containing three seeds; three-seeded; as, a trispermous capsule.

Tri*splanch"nic (?), a. [Tri- + splanchnic.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the three great splanchnic cavities, namely, that of the head, the chest, and the abdomen; — applied to the sympathetic nervous system.

Trist (?), v. t. & i. [imp. Triste.] To trust. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Trist, n. [See Tryst.] 1. Trust. [Obs.]

2. A post, or station, in hunting. [Obs.] Chaucer.

3. A secret meeting, or the place of such meeting; a tryst. See Tryst. [Obs.]

George Douglas caused a trist to be set between him and the cardinal and four lords; at the which trist he and the cardinal agreed finally.

Letter dated Sept., 1543.

Trist, a. [F. triste, L. tristis.] Sad; sorrowful; gloomy. [Obs.] Fairfax.

Triste (?), n. A cattle fair. [Prov. Eng.]

Tri*ste"a*rate (?), n. Tristearin.

Tri*ste"a*rin (?), n. [Pref. tri- + stearin.] (Physiol. Chem.) See Stearin.

Trist"ful (-fl), a. Sad; sorrowful; gloomy. Shak.

Eyes so tristful, eyes so tristful, Heart so full of care and cumber.

Longfellow.

Trist"ful*ly, adv. In a tristful manner; sadly.

Tris"tich*ous (?), a. [Gr. &?; in three rows; &?; (see Tri-) + &?; a row.] (Bot.) Arranged in three vertical rows.

{ Tri`stig*mat"ic (?), Tri*stig"ma*tose` (?), } a. [Pref. tri- + stigma.] (Bot.) Having, or consisting of, three stigmas. Gray.

Tris*ti"ti*ate (?), v. t. [L. tristitia sadness, fr. tristis sad.] To make sad. [Obs.] Feltham.

<! p. 1542 !>

||Tris"to*ma (trs"t*m), n. [NL., from Gr. tri- (see Tri-) + sto`ma ||mouth.] (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of trematode worms ||belonging to Tristoma and allied genera having a large posterior ||sucker and two small anterior ones. They usually have broad, thin, ||and disklike bodies, and are parasite on the gills and skin of fishes. || Trist"y (?), a. See Trist, a. [Obs.] Ashmole.

Tri"sulc (tr"slk), n. [L. trisulcus; tri- (see Tri-) + sulcus a furrow.] Something having three forks or prongs, as a trident. [Obs.] "Jupiter's trisulc." Sir T. Browne.

Tri*sul"cate (?), a. [Pref. tri- + sulcate.] Having three furrows, forks, or prongs; having three grooves or sulci; three-grooved.

Tri*sul"phide (?), n. [Pref. tri- + sulphide.] (Chem.) A sulphide containing three atoms of sulphur.

{ Tris`yl*lab"ic (?), Tris`yl*lab"ic*al (?), } a. [L. trisyllabus, Gr. &?;; &?; (see Tri-) + &?; a syllable: cf. F. trissyllabique.] Of or pertaining to a trisyllable; consisting of three syllables; as, "syllable" is a trisyllabic word. — Tris`yllab"ic*al*ly, adv.

Tri*syl"la*ble (?), n. [Pref. tri- + syllable.] A word consisting of three syllables only; as, a- ven-ger.

Trite (trt), a. [L. tritus, p. p. of terere to rub, to wear out; probably akin to E. throw. See Throw, and cf. Contrite, Detriment, Tribulation, Try.] Worn out; common; used until so common as to have lost novelty and interest; hackneyed; stale; as, a trite remark; a trite subject. — Trite"ly, adv. — Trite"ness, n.

Tri*ter"nate (?), a. [Pref. tri- + ternate.] (Bot.) Three times ternate; — applied to a leaf whose petiole separates into three branches, each of which divides into three parts which each bear three leafiets.

Tri"the*ism (?), n. [Pref. tri- + Gr. &?; God: cf. F. trithéisme.] The opinion or doctrine that the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit are three distinct Gods.

Tri"the*ist, n. [Cf. F. trithéiste.] One who believes in tritheism.

{ Tri`the*is"tic (?), Tri`the*is"tic*al (?), } a. Of or pertaining to tritheism. Bolingbroke.

Tri"the*ite (?), n. [Cf. F. trithéite.] A tritheist. [Obs.] E. Phillips.

Tri"thing (?), n. [See Ist Riding.] One of three ancient divisions of a county in England; — now called riding. [Written also riding.] Blackstone.

Tri*thi"on*ate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of trithionic acid.

Tri`thi*on"ic (?), a. [Pref. tri- + thionic.] (Chem.) Of or pertaining to, or designating, a certain thionic acid, H2S3O6 which is obtained as a colorless, odorless liquid.

Trit"ic*al (?), a. Trite. [Obs.] T. Warton. — Trit"ic*al*ly, adv. [Obs.] — Trit"ic*al*ness, n. [Obs.]

Trit"i*cin (?), n. (Chem.) A carbohydrate isomeric with dextrin, obtained from quitch grass (Agropyrum, formerly Triticum, repens) as a white amorphous substance.

||Trit"i*cum (?), n. [L., perhaps fr. tritus, p. p. of terere to ||grind.] (Bot.) A genus of grasses including the various species of ||wheat. || ||Tri"ton (?), n. [L., fr. Gr.&?;.] (Gr. Myth.) A fabled sea demigod, ||the son of Neptune and Amphitrite, and the trumpeter of Neptune. He ||is represented by poets and painters as having the upper part of his ||body like that of a man, and the lower part like that of a fish. He ||often has a trumpet made of a shell. || Have sight of Proteus rising from the sea, Or hear old Triton blow his wreathed horn.

Wordsworth.

2. (Zoöl.) Any one of many species of marine gastropods belonging to Triton and allied genera, having a stout spiral shell, often handsomely colored and ornamented with prominent varices. Some of the species are among the largest of all gastropods. Called also trumpet shell, and sea trumpet.

3. (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of aquatic salamanders. The common European species are Hemisalamandra cristata, Molge palmata, and M. alpestris, a red-bellied species common in Switzerland. The most common species of the United States is Diemyctylus viridescens. See Illust. under Salamander.

Tri"tone` (?), n. [Gr. tri`tonos of three tones; tri- tri- + to`nos a tone.] (Mus.) A superfluous or augmented fourth. [R.]

Tri*to"ri*um (?), n. [NL.] Same as Triturium.

||Tri*to"vum (?), n.; pl. Tritova (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; third + L. ||ovum egg.] (Zoöl.) An embryonic insect which has twice cast its skin ||previous to hatching from the egg. || Tri`to*zo"oid (?), n. [Gr. &?; third + &?; an animal.] (Zoöl.) A zooid of the third generation in asexual reproduction.

Trit"u*ra*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. triturable.] Capable of being triturated. Sir T. Browne.

Trit"u*rate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Triturated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Triturating.] [L. trituratus, p. p. of triturate to thrash (grain), fr. terere, tritum, to rub, rub to pieces. See Trite.] 1. To rub, grind, bruise, or thrash.

2. To rub or grind to a very fine or impalpable powder; to pulverize and comminute thoroughly.

Trit`u*ra"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. trituration, L. trituratio a thrashing of grain.] The act of triturating, or reducing to a fine or impalpable powder by grinding, rubbing, bruising, etc. Paley.

Trit"ure (?), n. [L. tritura, from terere, tritum, to rub, rub to pieces.] A rubbing or grinding; trituration. [Obs.] Cheyne.

Tri*tu"ri*um (?), n. [NL.; cf. L. terere, tritum to rub.] A vessel for separating liquids of different densities. [Written also tritorium.]

Tri"tyl (?), n. [Gr. &?; third + -yl.] (Chem.) Propyl. [R.]

Tri"tyl*ene (?), n. (Chem.) Propylene. [R.]

Tri"umph (?), n. [L. triumphus, OL. triumpus; of uncertain origin; cf. Gr. &?; a procession in honor of Bacchus: cf. F. triomphe. Cf. Trump at cards.] 1. (Rom. Antiq.) A magnificent and imposing ceremonial performed in honor of a general who had gained a decisive victory over a foreign enemy.

The general was allowed to enter the city crowned with a wreath of laurel, bearing a scepter in one hand, and a branch of laurel in the other, riding in a circular chariot, of a peculiar form, drawn by four horses. He was preceded by the senate and magistrates, musicians, the spoils, the captives in fetters, etc., and followed by his army on foot in marching order. The procession advanced in this manner to the Capitoline Hill, where sacrifices were offered, and victorious commander entertained with a public feast.

2. Hence, any triumphal procession; a pompous exhibition; a stately show or pageant. [Obs.]

Our daughter, In honor of whose birth these triumphs are, Sits here, like beauty's child.

Shak.

3. A state of joy or exultation for success.

Great triumph and rejoicing was in heaven.

Milton.

Hercules from Spain Arrived in triumph, from Geryon slain.

Dryden.

4. Success causing exultation; victory; conquest; as, the triumph of knowledge.

5. A trump card; also, an old game at cards. [Obs.]

Tri"umph, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Triumphed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Triumphing.] [L. triumphare: cf. F. triompher. See Triumph, n.] 1. To celebrate victory with pomp; to rejoice over success; to exult in an advantage gained; to exhibit exultation.

How long shall the wicked triumph?

Ps. xciv. 3.

Sorrow on thee and all the pack of you That triumph thus upon my misery!

Shak.

2. To obtain victory; to be successful; to prevail.

Triumphing over death, and chance, and thee, O Time.

Milton.

On this occasion, however, genius triumphed.

Macaulay.

3. To be prosperous; to flourish.

Where commerce triumphed on the favoring gales.

Trumbull.

4. To play a trump card. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Tri"umph, v. t. To obtain a victory over; to prevail over; to conquer. Also, to cause to triumph. [Obs.]

Two and thirty legions that awe All nations of the triumphed word.

Massinger.

Tri*um"phal (?), a. [L. triumphalis: cf. F. triomphal.] Of or pertaining to triumph; used in a triumph; indicating, or in honor of, a triumph or victory; as, a triumphal crown; a triumphal arch.

Messiah his triumphal chariot turned.

Milton.

Tri*um"phal, n. A token of victory. [Obs.]

Joyless triumphals of his hoped success.

Milton.

Tri*um"phant (?), a. [L. triumphans, p. pr. of triumphare: cf. F. triomphant. See Triumph, v. i.]

1. Rejoicing for victory; triumphing; exultant.

Successful beyond hope to lead ye forth Triumphant out of this infernal pit.

Milton.

2. Celebrating victory; expressive of joy for success; as, a triumphant song or ode.

3. Graced with conquest; victorious.

Athena, war's triumphant maid.

Pope.

So shall it be in the church triumphant.

Perkins.

4. Of or pertaining to triumph; triumphal. [Obs.]

Captives bound to a triumphant car.

Shak.

Church triumphant, the church in heaven, enjoying a state of triumph, her warfare with evil being over; — distinguished from church militant. See under Militant.

Tri*um"phant*ly, adv. In a triumphant manner.

Tri"umph*er (?), n. 1. (Rom. Antiq.) One who was honored with a triumph; a victor.

2. One who triumphs or rejoices for victory.

Tri"umph*ing, a. Having or celebrating a triumph; victorious; triumphant. — Tri"umph*ing*ly, adv.

||Tri*um"vir (?), n.; pl. L. Triumviri (#), E. Triumvirs (#). [L., fr. ||res, gen. trium, three + vir a man. See Three, and Virile.] (Rom. ||Antiq.) One of tree men united in public office or authority. || In later times the triumvirs of Rome were three men who jointly exercised sovereign power. Julius Cæsar, Crassus, and Pompey were the first triumvirs; Octavianus (Augustus), Antony, and Lepidus were the second and last.

Tri*um"vi*rate (?), n. [L. triumviratus: cf. F. triumvirat.] 1. Government by three in coalition or association; the term of such a government.

2. A coalition or association of three in office or authority; especially, the union of three men who obtained the government of the Roman empire.

Tri*um"vi*ry (?), n. A triumvirate. [Obs.] Shak.

Tri"une (?), a. [Pref. tri- + L. unus one. See One.] Being three in one; — an epithet used to express the unity of a trinity of persons in the Godhead.

||Tri*un"gu*lus (?), n.; pl. Triunguli (#). [NL. See Tri-, and ||Ungulate.] (Zoöl.) The active young larva of any oil beetle. It has ||feet armed with three claws, and is parasitic on bees. See Illust. of ||Oil beetle, under Oil. || Tri*u"ni*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being triune; trinity. Dr. H. More.

Triv"a*lence (?), n. (Chem.) The quality or state of being trivalent.

Triv"a*lent (?), a. [Pref. tri- + L. valens, -entis, p. pr. See Valence.] (Chem.) Having a valence of three; capable of being combined with, substituted for, or compared with, three atoms of hydrogen; — said of triad atoms or radicals; thus, nitrogen is trivalent in ammonia.

Tri"valve (?), n. [Pref. tri- + valve.] Anything having three valves, especially a shell.

Tri*val"vu*lar (?), a. [Pref. tri- + valvular.] Having three valves; three-valved.

Triv"ant (?), n. A truant. [Obs.] Burton.

Tri*ver"bi*al (?), a. [Pref. tri- + L. verbum a word.] (Rom. Antiq.) Pertaining to, or designating, certain days allowed to the pretor for hearing causes, when be might speak the three characteristic words of his office, do, dico, addico. They were called dies fasti.

Triv"et (?), n. [Probably through French fr. L. tripes, -edis, three-footed; tri- (see Tri- )+ pes, pedis, foot: cf. F. trépied. See Foot, and cf. Tripod.] 1. A tree-legged stool, table, or other support; especially, a stand to hold a kettle or similar vessel near the fire; a tripod. [Written also trevet.]

2. A weaver's knife. See Trevat. Knight.

Trivet table, a table supported by three legs. Dryden.

Triv"i*al (?), a. [L. trivialis, properly, that is in, or belongs to, the crossroads or public streets; hence, that may be found everywhere, common, fr. trivium a place where three roads meet, a crossroad, the public street; tri- (see Tri-) + via a way: cf. F. trivial. See Voyage.] 1. Found anywhere; common. [Obs.]

2. Ordinary; commonplace; trifling; vulgar.

As a scholar, meantime, he was trivial, and incapable of labor.

De Quincey.

3. Of little worth or importance; inconsiderable; trifling; petty; paltry; as, a trivial subject or affair.

The trivial round, the common task.

Keble.

4. Of or pertaining to the trivium.

Trivial name (Nat. Hist.), the specific name.

Triv"i*al, n. One of the three liberal arts forming the trivium. [Obs.] Skelton. Wood.

Triv"i*al*ism (?), n. A trivial matter or method; a triviality. Carlyle.

Triv`i*al"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Trivialities (#). [Cf. F. trivialité] 1. The quality or state of being trivial; trivialness.

2. That which is trivial; a trifle.

The philosophy of our times does not expend itself in furious discussions on mere scholastic trivialities.

Lyon Playfair.

Triv"i*al*ly (?), adv. In a trivial manner.

Triv"i*al*ness, n. Quality or state of being trivial.

||Triv"i*um (?), n. [LL. See Trivial.] 1. The three " liberal" arts, ||grammar, logic, and rhetoric; — being a triple way, as it were, to ||eloquence. || The trivium and quadrivium together made up the seven liberal arts. See Quadrivium.

2. (Zoöl.) The three anterior ambulacra of echinoderms, collectively.

Tri"week`ly (?), a. [Pref. tri- + weekly.] Occurring or appearing three times a week; thriceweekly; as, a triweekly newspaper. — adv. Three times a week. — n. A triweekly publication.

This is a convenient word, but is not legitimately formed. It should mean occurring once in three weeks, as triennial means once in three years. Cf. Biweekly.

Troad (?), n. See Trode. [Obs.]

Troat (?), v. i. [Either onomatopoetic, or akin to throat.] To cry, as a buck in rutting time.

Troat, n. The cry of a buck in rutting time.

Tro"car (?), n. [F. trocart (or trois-quarts, i. e., three quarters); trois three (L. tres) + carre the side of a sword blade; — so called from its triangular point.] (Surg.) A stylet, usually with a triangular point, used for exploring tissues or for inserting drainage tubes, as in dropsy. [Written also trochar.]

Tro*cha"ic (?), n. (Pros.) A trochaic verse or measure. Dryden.

{ Tro*cha"ic (?), Tro*cha"ic*al (?), } a. [L. trochaïcus, Gr. &?; or &?;. See Trochee.] (Pros.) Of or pertaining to trochees; consisting of trochees; as, trochaic measure or verse.

Tro"chal (?), a. [From Gr. &?; a wheel.] (Zoöl.) Resembling a wheel.

Trochal disk (Zoöl.), the cephalic disk of a rotifer. It is usually surrounded by a fringe of cilia.

||Tro*chan"ter (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;.] 1. (Anat.) One of two ||processes near the head of the femur, the outer being called the ||great trochanter, and the inner the small trochanter. || 2. (Zoöl.) The third joint of the leg of an insect, or the second when the trochantine is united with the coxa.

Tro`chan*ter"ic (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to one or both of the trochanters.

Tro*chan"tine (?), n. (Zoöl.) The second joint of the leg of an insect, — often united with the coxa.

Tro"char (?), n. (Surg.) See Trocar.

Tro"che (tr"k), n. [Gr. trocho`s anything round or circular, a wheel, properly, a runner, fr. tre`chein to run. Cf. Trochee.] (Pharm.) A medicinal tablet or lozenge; strictly, one of circular form.

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Tro"chee (?), n. [L. trochaeus, Gr. &?; (sc.&?;), from &?; running, from &?; to run. Cf. Troche, Truck a wheel.] (Pros.) A foot of two syllables, the first long and the second short, as in the Latin word ante, or the first accented and the second unaccented, as in the English word motion; a choreus.

Tro"chil (?), n. [Cf. F. trochile. See Trochilus.] (Zoöl.) The crocodile bird.

The crocodile . . . opens his chaps to let the trochil in to pick his teeth, which gives it the usual feeding.

Sir T. Herbert.

||Troch"i*li (?), n. pl. [NL. See Trochilus.] (Zoöl.) A division of ||birds comprising the humming birds. || Tro*chil"ic (?), a. [See Trochilics.] OF or pertaining to rotary motion; having power to draw out or turn round. "By art trochilic." Camden.

Tro*chil"ics (?), n. [Gr. &?; the sheaf of a pulley, roller of a windlass, from &?; to run.] The science of rotary motion, or of wheel work. Wilkins.

Tro*chil"i*dist (?), n. [See Trochilus.] One who studies, or is versed in, the nature and habits of humming birds, or the Trochilidæ. Gould.

||Troch"i*los (?), n. [NL. See Trochilus.] (Zoöl.) The crocodile bird, ||or trochil. || ||Troch"i*lus (?), n.; pl. Trochili (#). [L. trochilus a kind of small ||bird. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to run.] 1. (Zoöl.) (a) A genus of humming ||birds. It Formerly included all the known species. (b) Any one of ||several species of wrens and kinglets. [Obs.] (c) The crocodile bird. || 2. (Arch.) An annular molding whose section is concave, like the edge of a pulley; — called also scotia.

Tro"ching (?), n. [OF. troche cluster, group; cf. F. trochure a surantler, trochée branches of a seedling, trochet cluster of flowers or fruits.] (Zoöl.) One of the small branches of a stag's antler.

||Tro*chis"cus (?), n.; pl. Trochisci (#). [L., fr. Gr. &?; a small ||ball, dim. of &?; a wheel. See Troche.] (Pharm.) A kind of tablet or ||lozenge; a troche. || Tro"chisk (?), n. [Cf. F. trochisque.] See Trochiscus. [Obs.] Bacon.

Tro"chite (?), n. [Gr. &?; a wheel.] (Paleon.) A wheel-like joint of the stem of a fossil crinoid.

||Troch"le*a (?), n. [L., a case or sheaf containing one or more ||pulleys, Gr. &?;. See Trochilics.] 1. (Mach.) A pulley. [Obs.] || 2. (Anat.) A pulley, or a structure resembling a pulley; as, the trochlea, or pulleylike end, of the humerus, which articulates with the ulna; or the trochlea, or fibrous ring, in the upper part of the orbit, through which the superior oblique, or trochlear, muscle of the eye passes.

Troch"le*ar (?), n. [L. trochlea block or pulley.] (Anat.) Shaped like, or resembling, a pulley; pertaining to, or connected with, a trochlea; as, a trochlear articular surface; the trochlear muscle of the eye.

Trochlear nerve. See Pathetic nerve, under Pathetic.

Troch"le*a*ry (?), a. (Anat.) Pertaining to, or connected with, a trochlea; trochlear; as, the trochleary, or trochlear, nerve.

Tro"choid (?), n. [Gr. &?; a wheel + - oid; cf. F. trochoïde. See Troche.] (Geom.) The curve described by any point in a wheel rolling on a line; a cycloid; a roulette; in general, the curve described by any point fixedly connected with a moving curve while the moving curve rolls without slipping on a second fixed curve, the curves all being in one plane. Cycloids, epicycloids, hypocycloids, cardioids, etc., are all trochoids.

Tro"choid, a. 1. (Anat.) Admitting of rotation on an axis; — sometimes applied to a pivot joint like that between the atlas and axis in the vertebral column.

2. (Zoöl.) Top-shaped; having a flat base and conical spire; — said of certain shells.

3. (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to the genus Trochus or family Trochidæ.

Tro*choid"al (?), a. 1. (Geom.) Of or pertaining to a trochoid; having the properties of a trochoid.

2. (Anat. & Zoöl.) See Trochoid, a.

Tro*chom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. &?; a wheel + -meter.] A contrivance for computing the revolutions of a wheel; an odometer.

Troch"o*sphere (?), n. [Gr. &?; a wheel + sphere.] (Zoöl.) A young larval form of many annelids, mollusks, and bryozoans, in which a circle of cilia is developed around the anterior end.

||Tro"chus (?), n.; pl. Trochi (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a wheel.] (Zoöl.) ||Any one of numerous species of marine univalve shells belonging to ||Trochus and many allied genera of the family Trochidæ. Some of the ||species are called also topshells. || Tro"co (?), n. An old English game; — called also lawn billiards.

Trod (?), imp. & p. p. of Tread.

Trod"den (?), p. p. of Tread.

Trode (?), archaic imp. of Tread.

On burnished hooves his war-horse trode.

Tennyson.

Trode, n. [AS. trod, fr. tredan to tread. See Tread.] Tread; footing. [Written also troad.][Obs.] Spenser.

Trog"lo*dyte (?), n. [L. troglodytae, pl., Gr. &?; one who creeps into holes; &?; a hole, cavern (fr. &?; to gnaw) + &?; enter: cf. F. troglodyte.] 1. (Ethnol.) One of any savage race that dwells in caves, instead of constructing dwellings; a cave dweller. Most of the primitive races of man were troglodytes.

In the troglodytes' country there is a lake, for the hurtful water it beareth called the "mad lake."

Holland.

2. (Zoöl.) An anthropoid ape, as the chimpanzee.

3. (Zoöl.) The wren.

||Trog`lo*dy"tes (?), n. [NL. See Troglodyte.] 1. (Zoöl.) A genus of ||apes including the chimpanzee. || 2. (Zoöl.) A genus of singing birds including the common wrens.

{ Trog`lo*dyt"ic (?), Trog`lo*dyt"ic*al (?), } a. [L. troglodyticus, Gr. &?;.] Of or pertaining to a troglodyte, or dweller in caves.

Tro"gon (?), n. [NL.] (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of beautiful tropical birds belonging to the family Trogonidæ. They are noted for the brilliant colors and the resplendent luster of their plumage.

Some of the species have a train of long brilliant feathers lying over the tail and consisting of the upper tail coverts. Unlike other birds having two toes directed forward and two backward, they have the inner toe turned backward. A few species are found in Africa and India, but the greater number, including the most brilliant species, are found in tropical America. See Illust. of Quesal.

Tro"gon*oid (?), a. [Trogon + - oid.] (Zoöl.) Like or pertaining to the trogons.

Trogue (?), n. [Cf. G. trog trough, E. trough.] (Mining) A wooden trough, forming a drain. Raymond.

Tro"ic (?), a. [L. Troicus, Gr. &?;, fr. &?;. See Trojan.] Pertaining to Troy; Trojan. Gladstone.

Tro"i*lite (?), n. [Named after Dominico Troili, an Italian of the 18th century.] (Min.) Native iron protosulphide, FeS. It is known only in meteoric irons, and is usually in imbedded nodular masses of a bronze color.

Tro"i*lus (?), n.; pl. L. Troili (#), E. Troiluses (#). [NL., fr. L. Troilus, Gr. &?;, the son of Priam.] (Zoöl.) A large, handsome American butterfly (Euphœades, or Papilio, troilus). It is black, with yellow marginal spots on the front wings, and blue spots on the rear wings.

Tro"jan (?), a. [L. Trojanus, fr. Troja, Troia, Troy, from Tros, Gr. Trw`s, Trwo`s, Tros, the mythical founder of Troy.] Of or pertaining to ancient Troy or its inhabitants. — n. A native or inhabitant of Troy.

Troll (?), n. [Icel. troll. Cf. Droll, Trull.] (Scand. Myth.) A supernatural being, often represented as of diminutive size, but sometimes as a giant, and fabled to inhabit caves, hills, and like places; a witch.

Troll flower. (Bot.) Same as Globeflower (a).

Troll (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trolled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Trolling.] [OE. trollen to roll, F. trôler, Of. troller to drag about, to ramble; probably of Teutonic origin; cf. G. trollen to roll, ramble, sich trollen to be gone; or perhaps for trotler, fr. F. trotter to trot (cf. Trot.). Cf. Trawl.] 1. To move circularly or volubly; to roll; to turn.

To dress and troll the tongue, and roll the eye.

Milton.

2. To send about; to circulate, as a vessel in drinking.

Then doth she troll to the bowl.

Gammer Gurton's Needle.

Troll the brown bowl.

Sir W. Scott.

3. To sing the parts of in succession, as of a round, a catch, and the like; also, to sing loudly or freely.

Will you troll the catch ?

Shak.

His sonnets charmed the attentive crowd, By wide-mouthed mortaltrolled aloud.

Hudibras.

4. To angle for with a trolling line, or with a book drawn along the surface of the water; hence, to allure.

5. To fish in; to seek to catch fish from.

With patient angle trolls the finny deep.

Goldsmith.

Troll, v. i. 1. To roll; to run about; to move around; as, to troll in a coach and six.

2. To move rapidly; to wag. F. Beaumont.

3. To take part in trolling a song.

4. To fish with a rod whose line runs on a reel; also, to fish by drawing the hook through the water.

Their young men . . . trolled along the brooks that abounded in fish.

Bancroft.

Troll, n. 1. The act of moving round; routine; repetition. Burke.

2. A song the parts of which are sung in succession; a catch; a round.

Thence the catch and troll, while "Laughter, holding both his sides," sheds tears to song and ballad pathetic on the woes of married life.

Prof. Wilson.

3. A trolley.

Troll plate (Mach.), a rotative disk with spiral ribs or grooves, by which several pieces, as the jaws of a chuck, can be brought together or spread radially.

Troll"er (?), n. One who trolls.

{ Trol"ley, Trol"ly } (?), n. (a) A form of truck which can be tilted, for carrying railroad materials, or the like. [Eng.] (b) A narrow cart that is pushed by hand or drawn by an animal. [Eng.] (c) (Mach.) A truck from which the load is suspended in some kinds of cranes. (d) (Electric Railway) A truck which travels along the fixed conductors, and forms a means of connection between them and a railway car.

Troll"my*dames` (?), n. [F. trou- madame pigeon holes.] The game of nineholes. [Written also trolmydames.] [Obs.] Shak.

Trol"lop (?), n. [From Troll to roll, to stroll; but cf. also Trull.] A stroller; a loiterer; esp., an idle, untidy woman; a slattern; a slut; a whore.

Trol`lop*ee" (?), n. A kind of loose dress for women. [Obs.] Goldsmith.

Trom"bone (?), n. [It., aug. of tromba a trumpet: cf. F. trombone. See Trump a trumpet.] 1. (Mus.) A powerful brass instrument of the trumpet kind, thought by some to be the ancient sackbut, consisting of a tube in three parts, bent twice upon itself and ending in a bell. The middle part, bent double, slips into the outer parts, as in a telescope, so that by change of the vibrating length any tone within the compass of the instrument (which may be bass or tenor or alto or even, in rare instances, soprano) is commanded. It is the only member of the family of wind instruments whose scale, both diatonic and chromatic, is complete without the aid of keys or pistons, and which can slide from note to note as smoothly as the human voice or a violin. Softly blown, it has a rich and mellow sound, which becomes harsh and blatant when the tones are forced; used with discretion, its effect is often solemn and majestic.

2. (Zoöl.) The common European bittern.

Trom"mel (?), n. [Cf. G. trommel a drum.] (Mining) A revolving buddle or sieve for separating, or sizing, ores. Raymond.

Tromp (?), n. [F. trombe, trompe, a waterspout, a water-blowing machine. Cf. Trump a trumpet.] A blowing apparatus, in which air, drawn into the upper part of a vertical tube through side holes by a stream of water within, is carried down with the water into a box or chamber below which it is led to a furnace. [Written also trompe, and trombe.]

{ Tromp, Trompe }, n. [See Trump a trumpet.] A trumpet; a trump. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Tromp"il (?), n. [OF. trompille, equiv. to F. trompette a trumpet.] An aperture in a tromp.

Tron (?), n. See 3d Trone, 2. [Obs. or Scott.]

Tro"na (?), n. [Of Egyptian or North African origin.] (Chem. & Min.) A native double salt, consisting of a combination of neutral and acid sodium carbonate, Na2CO3.2HNaCO3. 2H2O, occurring as a white crystalline fibrous deposit from certain soda brine springs and lakes; — called also urao, and by the ancients nitrum.

Tron"age (?), n. [From Trone a steelyard.] A toll or duty paid for weighing wool; also, the act of weighing wool. [Obs.] Nares.

Tro*na"tor (?), n. [LL. See Tronage.] An officer in London whose duty was to weigh wool. [Obs.]

Trone (?), n. A throne. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Trone, n. [Cf. Prov. F. trogne a belly.] A small drain. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

{ Trone (?), Trones (?), } n. [LL. trona, fr. L. trutina a balance; cf. Gr. &?;.] 1. A steelyard. [Prov. Eng.]

2. A form of weighing machine for heavy wares, consisting of two horizontal bars crossing each other, beaked at the extremities, and supported by a wooden pillar. It is now mostly disused. [Scot.] Jamieson.

Trone stone, a weight equivalent to nineteen and a half pounds. [Scot.] — Trone weight, a weight formerly used in Scotland, in which a pound varied from 21 to 28 ounces avoirdupois.

Troop (?), n. [F. troupe, OF. trope, trupe, LL. troppus; of uncertain origin; cf. Icel. þorp a hamlet, village, G. dorf a village, dial. G. dorf a meeting. Norw. torp a little farm, a crowd, E. thorp. Cf. Troupe.] 1. A collection of people; a company; a number; a multitude.

That which should accompany old age — As honor, love, obedience, troops of friends — I must not look to have.

Shak.

2. Soldiers, collectively; an army; — now generally used in the plural.

Farewell the plumed troop, and the big wars.

Shak.

His troops moved to victory with the precision of machines.

Macaulay.

3. (Mil.) Specifically, a small body of cavalry, light horse, or dragoons, consisting usually of about sixty men, commanded by a captain; the unit of formation of cavalry, corresponding to the company in infantry. Formerly, also, a company of horse artillery; a battery.

4. A company of stageplayers; a troupe. W. Coxe.

5. (Mil.) A particular roll of the drum; a quick march.

Troop, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Trooped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Trooping.] 1. To move in numbers; to come or gather in crowds or troops. "Armies . . . troop to their standard." Milton.

2. To march on; to go forward in haste.

Nor do I, as an enemy to peace, Troop in the throngs of military men.

Shak.

Troop"bird` (?), n. (Zoöl.) Any troupial.

Troop"er, n. A soldier in a body of cavalry; a cavalryman; also, the horse of a cavalryman.

Troop"fowl` (?), n. (Zoöl.) The American scaup duck. [Local, U. S.]

Troop"i*al (?), n. (Zoöl.) Same as Troupial.

Troop"meal` (?), adv. [Troop + - meal as in piecemeal.] By troops; in crowds. [Obs.]

So, troopmeal, Troy pursued a while, laying on with swords and darts.

Chapman.

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Troop"ship` (?), n. A vessel built or fitted for the conveyance of troops; a transport. [Eng.]

Troost"ite (?), n. [So named after Dr. Gerard Troost, of Nashville, Tenn.] (Min.) Willemite.

Tro*pæ"o*lin (?), n. (Chem.) A name given to any one of a series of orange-red dyestuffs produced artificially from certain complex sulphonic acid derivatives of azo and diazo hydrocarbons of the aromatic series; — so called because of the general resemblance to the shades of nasturtium (Tropæolum).

Trope (?), n. [L. tropus, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to turn. See Torture, and cf. Trophy, Tropic, Troubadour, Trover.] (Rhet.) (a) The use of a word or expression in a different sense from that which properly belongs to it; the use of a word or expression as changed from the original signification to another, for the sake of giving life or emphasis to an idea; a figure of speech. (b) The word or expression so used.

In his frequent, long, and tedious speeches, it has been said that a trope never passed his lips.

Bancroft.

Tropes are chiefly of four kinds: metaphor, metonymy, synecdoche, and irony. Some authors make figures the genus, of which trope is a species; others make them different things, defining trope to be a change of sense, and figure to be any ornament, except what becomes so by such change.

Tro*pe"ine (?), n. (Chem.) Any one of a series of artificial ethereal salts derived from the alkaloidal base tropine.

||Tro"phi (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a feeder, fr. &?; to feed.] ||(Zoöl.) The mouth parts of an insect, collectively, including the ||labrum, labium, maxillæ, mandibles, and lingua, with their appendages. || Troph"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?; nursing. See Trophi.] (Physiol.) Of or connected with nutrition; nitritional; nourishing; as, the so-called trophic nerves, which have a direct influence on nutrition.

Tro"phied (?), a. Adorned with trophies.

The trophied arches, storied halls, invade.

Pope.

Tro*pho"ni*an (?), a. [L. Trophonianus, fr. Trophonius, Gr. &?;, a Grecian architect, fabled to have been the builder of the first temple of Apollo at Delphi. He was worshiped after death, and had a celebrated oracle in a cave in Bœotia.] Of or pertaining to Trophonius, his architecture, or his cave and oracle.

Troph"o*some (?), n. [Gr. &?; a feeder + - some body.] (Zoöl.) The nutritive zooids of a hydroid, collectively, as distinguished from the gonosome, or reproductive zooids.

Troph"o*sperm (?), n. [Gr. &?; a feeder + &?; seed: cf. F. trophosperme. See Trophi.] (Bot.) The placenta.

Tro"phy (?), n.; pl. Trophies (#). [F. trophée (cf. It. & Sp. trofeo), L. tropaeum, trophaeum, Gr. &?;, strictly, a monument of the enemy's defeat, fr.&?; a turn, especially, a turning about of the enemy, a putting to flight or routing him, fr. &?; to turn. See Trope.] 1. (Gr. & Rom. Antiq.) A sign or memorial of a victory raised on the field of battle, or, in case of a naval victory, on the nearest land. Sometimes trophies were erected in the chief city of the conquered people.

A trophy consisted originally of some of the armor, weapons, etc., of the defeated enemy fixed to the trunk of a tree or to a post erected on an elevated site, with an inscription, and a dedication to a divinity. The Romans often erected their trophies in the Capitol.

2. The representation of such a memorial, as on a medal; esp. (Arch.), an ornament representing a group of arms and military weapons, offensive and defensive.

3. Anything taken from an enemy and preserved as a memorial of victory, as arms, flags, standards, etc.

Around the posts hung helmets, darts, and spears, And captive chariots, axes, shields, and bars, And broken beaks of ships, the trophies of their wars.

Dryden.

4. Any evidence or memorial of victory or conquest; as, every redeemed soul is a trophy of grace.

Trophy money, a duty paid formerly in England, annually, by housekeepers, toward providing harness, drums, colors, and the like, for the militia.

Trop"ic (?), a. [Atropine + -ic.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, an acid obtained from atropine and certain other alkaloids, as a white crystalline substance slightly soluble in water.

Trop"ic, n. [F. tropique, L. tropicus of or belonging to a turn, i. e., of the sun, Gr. &?; of the solstice, &?; (sc. &?;) the tropic or solstice, fr. &?; to turn. See Trope.] 1. (Astron.) One of the two small circles of the celestial sphere, situated on each side of the equator, at a distance of 23° 28, and parallel to it, which the sun just reaches at its greatest declination north or south, and from which it turns again toward the equator, the northern circle being called the Tropic of Cancer, and the southern the Tropic of Capricorn, from the names of the two signs at which they touch the ecliptic.

2. (Geog.) (a) One of the two parallels of terrestrial latitude corresponding to the celestial tropics, and called by the same names. (b) pl. The region lying between these parallels of latitude, or near them on either side.

The brilliant flowers of the tropics bloom from the windows of the greenhouse and the saloon.

Bancroft.

Trop"ic, a. Of or pertaining to the tropics; tropical.

Tropic bird (Zoöl.), any one of three species of oceanic belonging to the genus Phaëthon, found chiefly in tropical seas. They are mostly white, and have two central tail feathers very long and slender. The yellow-billed tropic bird. Phaëthon flavirostris (called also boatswain), is found on the Atlantic coast of America, and is common at the Bermudas, where it breeds.

Trop"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. L. tropicus of turning, Gr. &?;. See Tropic, n.] 1. Of or pertaining to the tropics; characteristic of, or incident to, the tropics; being within the tropics; as, tropical climate; tropical latitudes; tropical heat; tropical diseases.

2. [From Trope.] Rhetorically changed from its exact original sense; being of the nature of a trope; figurative; metaphorical. Jer. Taylor.

The foundation of all parables is some analogy or similitude between the tropical or allusive part of the parable and the thing intended by it.

South.

Tropic month. See Lunar month, under Month. — Tropic year, the solar year; the period occupied by the sun in passing from one tropic or one equinox to the same again, having a mean length of 365 days, 5 hours, 48 minutes, 46.0 seconds, which is 20 minutes, 23.3 seconds shorter than the sidereal year, on account of the precession of the equinoxes.

Trop"ic*al*ly, adv. In a tropical manner; figuratively; metaphorically.

Trop"i*dine (?), n. [See Tropine.] (Chem.) An alkaloid, C8H13N, obtained by the chemical dehydration of tropine, as an oily liquid having a coninelike odor.

Tro*pil"i*dene (?), n. [See Tropine.] (Chem.) A liquid hydrocarbon obtained by the dry distillation of tropine with quicklime. It is regarded as being homologous with dipropargyl.

Tro"pine (?), n. [From Atropine.] (Chem.) A white crystalline alkaloid, C8H15NO, produced by decomposing atropine.

Trop"ist (?), n. [Cf. F. tropiste. See Trope.] One who deals in tropes; specifically, one who avoids the literal sense of the language of Scripture by explaining it as mere tropes and figures of speech.

{ Trop`o*log"ic (?), Trop`o*log"ic*al (?), } a. [Gr. &?;: cf. F. tropologique. See Tropology.] Characterized by tropes; varied by tropes; tropical. Burton. — Trop`o*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

Tro*pol"o*gize (?), v. t. To use in a tropological sense, as a word; to make a trope of. [R.]

If . . . Minerva be tropologized into prudence.

Cudworth.

Tro*pol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?;; &?; a trope + &?; discourse: cf. F. tropologie.] A rhetorical mode of speech, including tropes, or changes from the original import of the word. Sir T. Browne.

Tros"sers (?), n. pl. Trousers. [Obs.] Shak.

Trot (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Trotted; p. pr. & vb. n. Trotting.] [OE. trotten, OF. troter, F. trotter; probably of Teutonic origin, and akin to E. tread; cf. OHG. trott&?;n to tread. See Tread.] 1. To proceed by a certain gait peculiar to quadrupeds; to ride or drive at a trot. See Trot, n.

2. Fig.: To run; to jog; to hurry.

He that rises late must trot all day, and will scarcely overtake his business at night.

Franklin.

Trot, v. t. To cause to move, as a horse or other animal, in the pace called a trot; to cause to run without galloping or cantering.

To trot out, to lead or bring out, as a horse, to show his paces; hence, to bring forward, as for exhibition. [Slang.]

Trot, n. [F. See Trot, v. i.] 1. The pace of a horse or other quadruped, more rapid than a walk, but of various degrees of swiftness, in which one fore foot and the hind foot of the opposite side are lifted at the same time. "The limbs move diagonally in pairs in the trot." Stillman (The Horse in Motion).

2. Fig.: A jogging pace, as of a person hurrying.

3. One who trots; a child; a woman.

An old trot with ne'er a tooth.

Shak.

Troth (?), n. [A variant of truth. See Truth.] 1. Belief; faith; fidelity.

Bid her alight And hertroth plight.

Shak.

2. Truth; verity; veracity; as, by my troth. Shak.

In troth, thou art able to instruct gray hairs.

Addison.

3. Betrothal.

Troth"less, a. Faitless; false; treacherous.

Thrall to the faithless waves and trothless sky.

Fairfax.

Troth"plight` (?), v. t. To betroth. [Obs.]

Troth"plight`, a. Betrothed; espoused; affianced. [Obs.] Shak.

Troth"plight`, n. The act of betrothing, or plighting faith; betrothing. [Obs.] Shak.

Troth"plight`ed, a. Having fidelity pledged.

Trot"ter (?), n. 1. One that trots; especially, a horse trained to be driven in trotting matches.

2. The foot of an animal, especially that of a sheep; also, humorously, the human foot.

Trot"toir (?), n. [F., from trotter to trot. See Trot.] Footpath; pavement; sidewalk.

Headless bodies trailed along the trottoirs.

Froude.

Trou"ba*dour` (?), n. [F. troubadour, fr. Pr. trobador, (assumed) LL. tropator a singer, tropare to sing, fr. tropus a kind of singing, a melody, song, L. tropus a trope, a song, Gr. &?; a turn, way, manner, particular mode in music, a trope. See Trope, and cf. Trouv&?;re.] One of a school of poets who flourished from the eleventh to the thirteenth century, principally in Provence, in the south of France, and also in the north of Italy. They invented, and especially cultivated, a kind of lyrical poetry characterized by intricacy of meter and rhyme, and usually of a romantic, amatory strain.

Trou"bla*ble (?), a. Causing trouble; troublesome. [Obs.] "troublable ire." Chaucer.

Trou"ble (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Troubled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Troubling.] [F. troubler, OF. trobler, trubler, tourbler,fr. (assumed) LL. turbulare, L. turbare to disorderly group, a little crowd; both from turba a disorder, tumult, crowd; akin to Gr. &?;, and perhaps to E. thorp; cf. Skr. tvar, tur,o hasten. Cf. Turbid.] 1. To put into confused motion; to disturb; to agitate.

An angel went down at a certain season into the pool, and troubled the water.

John v. 4.

God looking forth will trouble all his host.

Milton.

2. To disturb; to perplex; to afflict; to distress; to grieve; to fret; to annoy; to vex.

Now is my soul troubled.

John xii. 27.

Take the boy to you; he so troubles me 'T is past enduring.

Shak.

Never trouble yourself about those faults which age will cure.

Locke.

3. To give occasion for labor to; — used in polite phraseology; as, I will not trouble you to deliver the letter.

Syn. — To disturb; perplex; afflict; distress; grieve; harass; annoy; tease; vex; molest.

Trou"ble (?), a. Troubled; dark; gloomy. [Obs.] "With full trouble cheer." Chaucer.

Trou"ble, n. [F. trouble, OF. troble, truble. See Trouble, v. t.] 1. The state of being troubled; disturbance; agitation; uneasiness; vexation; calamity.

Lest the fiend . . . some new trouble raise.

Milton.

Foul whisperings are abroad; unnatural deeds Do breed unnatural troubles.

Shak.

2. That which gives disturbance, annoyance, or vexation; that which afflicts.

3. (Mining) A fault or interruption in a stratum.

To get into trouble, to get into difficulty or danger. [Colloq.] — To take the trouble, to be at the pains; to exert one's self; to give one's self inconvenience.

She never took the trouble to close them.

Bryant.

Syn. — Affliction; disturbance; perplexity; annoyance; molestation; vexation; inconvenience; calamity; misfortune; adversity; embarrassment; anxiety; sorrow; misery.

Trou"bler (?), n. One who troubles or disturbs; one who afflicts or molests; a disturber; as, a troubler of the peace.

The rich troublers of the world's repose.

Waller.

Trou"ble*some (?), a. Giving trouble or anxiety; vexatious; burdensome; wearisome.

This troublesome world.

Book of Common Prayer.

These troublesome disguises that we wear.

Milton.

My mother will never be troublesome to me.

Pope.

Syn. — Uneasy; vexatious; perplexing; harassing; annoying; disgusting; irksome; afflictive; burdensome; tiresome; wearisome; importunate.

— Trou"ble*some*ly, adv. — Trou"ble*some*ness, n.

Trou"blous (?), a. Full of trouble; causing trouble. "In doubtful time of troublous need." Byron.

A tall ship tossed in troublous seas.

Spenser.

||Trou"-de-loup" (?), n.; pl. Trous-de-loup (&?;). [F. trou hole + de ||of + loup wolf.] (Mil.) A pit in the form of an inverted cone or ||pyramid, constructed as an obstacle to the approach of an enemy, and ||having a pointed stake in the middle. The pits are called also ||trapholes. || Trough (?), n. [OE. trough, trogh, AS. trog, troh; akin to D., G., & Icel. trog, Sw. tråg, Dan. trug; probably originally meaning, made of wood, and akin to E. tree. &?; & 241. See Tree, and cf. Trug.] 1. A long, hollow vessel, generally for holding water or other liquid, especially one formed by excavating a log longitudinally on one side; a long tray; also, a wooden channel for conveying water, as to a mill wheel.

2. Any channel, receptacle, or depression, of a long and narrow shape; as, trough between two ridges, etc.

Trough gutter (Arch.), a rectangular or V- shaped gutter, usually hung below the eaves of a house. — Trough of the sea, the depression between two waves.

Trough"-shell` (?), n. (Zoöl.) Any bivalve shell of the genus Mactra. See Mactra.

Troul (?), v. t. & i. See Troll.

Trounce (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trounced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Trouncing (?).] [F. tronce, tronche, a stump, piece of wood. See Truncheon.] To punish or beat severely; to whip smartly; to flog; to castigate. [Colloq.]

||Troupe (?), n. [F., troop. See Troop.] A company or troop, especially ||the company pf performers in a play or an opera. || Troup"i*al (?), n. [F. troupiale.] (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of bright-colored American birds belonging to Icterus and allied genera, especially Icterus icterus, a native of the West Indies and South America. Many of the species are called orioles in America. [Written also troopial.]

Trouse (?), n. Trousers. [Obs.] Spenser.

Trou"ser*ing (?), n. Cloth or material for making trousers.

Trou"sers (?), n. pl. [OF. trousses breeches worn by pages, from trousse, trosse, a bundle, a truss. See Truss, and cf. Trossers, Trouse.] A garment worn by men and boys, extending from the waist to the knee or to the ankle, and covering each leg separately.

||Trous`seau" (tr`s"), n. [F., fr. OF. trossel, dim. of trousse a ||bundle, truss. See Truss.] The collective lighter equipments or ||outfit of a bride, including clothes, jewelry, and the like; ||especially, that which is provided for her by her family. || Trout (trout), n. [AS. truht, L. tructa, tructus; akin to Gr. trw`kths a sea fish with sharp teeth, fr. trw`gein to gnaw.] 1. (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of fishes belonging to Salmo, Salvelinus, and allied genera of the family Salmonidæ. They are highly esteemed as game fishes and for the quality of their flesh. All the species breed in fresh water, but after spawning many of them descend to the sea if they have an opportunity.

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The most important European species are the river, or brown, trout (Salmo fario), the salmon trout, and the sewen. The most important American species are the brook, speckled, or red-spotted, trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) of the Northern United States and Canada; the red-spotted trout, or Dolly Varden (see Malma); the lake trout (see Namaycush); the black-spotted, mountain, or silver, trout (Salmo purpuratus); the golden, or rainbow, trout (see under Rainbow); the blueback trout (see Oquassa); and the salmon trout (see under Salmon.) The European trout has been introduced into America.

2. (Zoöl.) Any one of several species of marine fishes more or less resembling a trout in appearance or habits, but not belonging to the same family, especially the California rock trouts, the common squeteague, and the southern, or spotted, squeteague; — called also salt-water trout, sea trout, shad trout, and gray trout. See Squeteague, and Rock trout under Rock.

Trout perch (Zoöl.), a small fresh- water American fish (Percopsis guttatus), allied to the trout, but resembling a perch in its scales and mouth.

Trout"bird` (trout"brd`), n. (Zoöl.) The American golden plover. [Local, U. S.]

Trout"-col`ored (-kl`rd), a. White, with spots of black, bay, or sorrel; as, a trout-colored horse.

Trout"let (-lt), n. A little trout; a troutling. Hood.

Trout"ling (-lng), n. A little trout; a troutlet.

{ ||Trou`vère" (?), ||Trou`veur" (?), } n. [F. trouveur, trouvère. See Troubadour.] One of a school of poets who flourished in Northern France from the eleventh to the fourteenth century.

Tro"ver (tr"vr), n. [OF. trover, truver, to find, F. trouver; probably originally, to invent or compose (melodies), fr. (assumed) LL. tropare. See Troubadour, Trope, and cf. Contrive, Reirieve, Trouveur.] (Law) (a) The gaining possession of any goods, whether by finding or by other means. (b) An action to recover damages against one who found goods, and would not deliver them to the owner on demand; an action which lies in any case to recover the value of goods wrongfully converted by another to his own use. In this case the finding, though alleged, is an immaterial fact; the injury lies in the conversion.

Trow (?), n. A boat with an open well amidships. It is used in spearing fish. Knight.

Trow (?), v. i. & t. [OE. trowen, AS. treówan to trust, believe, fr. treów trust, treówe true, faithful. See True.] To believe; to trust; to think or suppose. [Archaic]

So that ye trow in Christ, and you baptize.

Chaucer.

A better priest, I trow, there nowhere none is.

Chaucer.

It never yet was worn, I trow.

Tennyson.

I trow, or trow alone, was formerly sometimes added to questions to express contemptuous or indignant surprise.

What tempest, I trow, threw this whale . . . ashore?

Shak.

What is the matter, trow?

Shak.

Trow"el (?), n. [OE. truel, OF. truele, F. truelle, LL. truella, L. trulla, dim. of trua a ladle; probably akin to Gr. &?; a stirrer, ladle, G. quirl a stirrer, MHG. twirel, OHG. dwiril, Icel. þvara, AS. þwiril. Cf. Twirl.] 1. A mason's tool, used in spreading and dressing mortar, and breaking bricks to shape them.

2. A gardener's tool, somewhat like a scoop, used in taking up plants, stirring the earth, etc.

3. (Founding) A tool used for smoothing a mold.

Trowel bayonet. See Spade bayonet, under Spade. — Fish trowel. See Fish slice, under Fish.

Trow"eled (?). Formed with a trowel; smoothed with a trowel; as, troweled stucco, that is, stucco laid on and ready for the reception of paint. [Written also trowelled.]

Trow"el*ful (?), n.; pl. Trowelfuls (&?;). As much as a trowel will hold; enough to fill a trowel.

Trowl (?), n. See Troll.

Trowsed (?), a. Wearing trousers. [Obs.]

Trow"sers (?), n. pl. Same as Trousers.

Troy (?), n. Troy weight.

Troy weight, the weight which gold and silver, jewels, and the like, are weighed. It was so named from Troyes, in France, where it was first adopted in Europe. The troy ounce is supposed to have been brought from Cairo during the crusades. In this weight the pound is divided into 12 ounces, the ounce into 20 pennyweights, and the pennyweight into 24 grains; hence, the troy ounce contains 480 grains, and the troy pound contains 5760 grains. The avoirdupois pound contains 7000 troy grains; so that 175 pounds troy equal 144 pounds avoirdupois, or 1 pound troy = 0.82286 of a pound avoirdupois, and 1 ounce troy = 1 or 1.09714 ounce avoirdupois. Troy weight when divided, the pound into 12 ounces, the ounce into 8 drams, the dram into 3 scruples, and the scruple into 20 grains, is called apothecaries' weight, used in weighing medicines, etc. In the standard weights of the United States, the troy ounce is divided decimally down to the part.

Troy"ounce (?), n. See Troy ounce, under Troy weight, above, and under Ounce.

Tru"age (?), n. [Cf. OF. truage a tax. See True.] 1. A pledge of truth or peace made on payment of a tax. [Obs.] Ld. Berners.

2. A tax or impost; tribute. [Obs.] R. of Gloucester.

Tru"an*cy (?), n. The act of playing truant, or the state of being truant; as, addicted to truancy.

Tru"and (-and), n. & a. See Truant. [Obs.]

Tru"ant, n. [F. truand, OF. truant, a vagrant, beggar; of Celtic origin; cf. W. tru, truan, wretched, miserable, truan a wretch, Ir. trogha miserable, Gael. truaghan a poor, distressed, or wretched creature, truagh wretched.] One who stays away from business or any duty; especially, one who stays out of school without leave; an idler; a loiterer; a shirk. Dryden.

I have a truant been to chivalry.

Shak.

To play truant, to stray away; to loiter; especially, to stay out of school without leave. Sir T. Browne

Tru"ant, a. Wandering from business or duty; loitering; idle, and shirking duty; as, a truant boy.

While truant Jove, in infant pride, Played barefoot on Olympus' side.

Trumbull.

Tru"ant, v. i. [Cf. F. truander.] To idle away time; to loiter, or wander; to play the truant. Shak.

By this means they lost their time and truanted on the fundamental grounds of saving knowledge.

Lowell.

Tru"ant, v. t. To idle away; to waste. [R.]

I dare not be the author Of truanting the time.

Ford.

Tru"ant*ly, adv. Like a truant; in idleness.

Tru"ant*ship, n. The conduct of a truant; neglect of employment; idleness; truancy. Ascham.

Trub (?), n. [Cf. Truffle.] A truffle. [Obs.]

Trub"tall` (?), n. [Prov. E. trub slut; cf. Sw. trubbig stumpy.] A short, squat woman. [Obs.] Ainsworth.

Tru*bu" (?), n. (Zoöl.) An East India herring (Clupea toli) which is extensively caught for the sake of its roe and for its flesh.

Truce (?), n. [OE. trewes, triwes, treowes, pl. of trewe a truce, properly, pledge of fidelity, truth, AS. treów fidelity, faith, troth. See True.] 1. (Mil.) A suspension of arms by agreement of the commanders of opposing forces; a temporary cessation of hostilities, for negotiation or other purpose; an armistice.

2. Hence, intermission of action, pain, or contest; temporary cessation; short quiet.

Where he may likeliest find Truce to his restless thoughts.

Milton.

Flag of truce (Mil.), a white flag carried or exhibited by one of the hostile parties, during the flying of which hostilities are suspended. — Truce of God, a suspension of arms promulgated by the church, which occasionally took place in the Middle Ages, putting a stop to private hostilities at or within certain periods.

Truce"break`er (?), n. One who violates a truce, covenant, or engagement.

Truce"less, a. Without a truce; unforbearing.

Two minds in one, and each a truceless guest.

H. Brooke.

Truch"man (?), n. [Cf. F. trucheman. See Dragoman.] An interpreter. See Dragoman. [Obs.]

And after, by the tongue, Her truchman, she reports the mind's each throw.

B. Jonson.

Tru`ci*da"tion (?), n. [L. trucidatio, fr. trucidare to slaughter.] The act of killing. [Obs.]

Truck (?), n. [L. trochus an iron hoop, Gr. &?; a wheel, fr. &?; to run. See Trochee, and cf. Truckle, v. i.] 1. A small wheel, as of a vehicle; specifically (Ord.), a small strong wheel, as of wood or iron, for a gun carriage.

2. A low, wheeled vehicle or barrow for carrying goods, stone, and other heavy articles.

Goods were conveyed about the town almost exclusively in trucks drawn by dogs.

Macaulay.

3. (Railroad Mach.) A swiveling carriage, consisting of a frame with one or more pairs of wheels and the necessary boxes, springs, etc., to carry and guide one end of a locomotive or a car; — sometimes called bogie in England. Trucks usually have four or six wheels.

4. (Naut.) (a) A small wooden cap at the summit of a flagstaff or a masthead, having holes in it for reeving halyards through. (b) A small piece of wood, usually cylindrical or disk-shaped, used for various purposes.

5. A freight car. [Eng.]

6. A frame on low wheels or rollers; — used for various purposes, as for a movable support for heavy bodies.

Truck, v. t. To transport on a truck or trucks.

Truck, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trucked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. trucking.] [OE. trukken,F. troquer; akin to Sp. & Pg. trocar; of uncertain origin.] To exchange; to give in exchange; to barter; as, to truck knives for gold dust.

We will begin by supposing the international trade to be in form, what it always is in reality, an actual trucking of one commodity against another.

J. S. Mill.

Truck, v. i. To exchange commodities; to barter; to trade; to deal.

A master of a ship, who deceived them under color of trucking with them.

Palfrey.

Despotism itself is obliged to truck and huckster.

Burke.

To truck and higgle for a private good.

Emerson.

Truck (?), n. [Cf. F. troc.] 1. Exchange of commodities; barter. Hakluyt.

2. Commodities appropriate for barter, or for small trade; small commodities; esp., in the United States, garden vegetables raised for the market. [Colloq.]

3. The practice of paying wages in goods instead of money; — called also truck system.

Garden truck, vegetables raised for market. [Colloq.] [U. S.] — Truck farming, raising vegetables for market: market gardening. [Colloq. U. S.]

Truck"age (?), n. The practice of bartering goods; exchange; barter; truck.

The truckage of perishing coin.

Milton.

Truck"age, n. Money paid for the conveyance of goods on a truck; freight.

Truck"er (?), n. One who trucks; a trafficker.

No man having ever yet driven a saving bargain with this great trucker for souls.

South.

Truck"ing, n. The business of conveying goods on trucks.

Truc"kle (?), n. [Dim. of truck a wheel; or from the kindred L. trochlea a block, sheaf containing one or more pulleys. See Truck a wheel.] A small wheel or caster. Hudibras.

Truc"kle, v. i. [From truckle in truckle-bed, in allusion to the fact that the truckle-bed on which the pupil slept was rolled under the large bed of the master.] To yield or bend obsequiously to the will of another; to submit; to creep. "Small, trucking states." Burke.

Religion itself is forced to truckle to worldly poliey.

Norris.

Truc"kle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Truckled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Truckling (?).] To roll or move upon truckles, or casters; to trundle.

Truc"kle-bed` (?), n. A low bed on wheels, that may be pushed under another bed; a trundle-bed. "His standing bed and truckle-bed." Shak.

Truc"kler (?), n. One who truckles, or yields servilely to the will of another.

Truck"man (?), n.; pl. Truckmen (#). 1. [From Truck barter.] One who does business in the way of barter or exchange.

2. [From Truck a carriage.] One who drives a truck, or whose business is the conveyance of goods on trucks.

{ Tru"cu*lence (?), Tru"cu*len*cy (?), } n. [L. truculentia.] The quality or state of being truculent; savageness of manners; ferociousness.

Tru"cu*lent (?), a. [L. truculentus, fr. trux, gen. trucis, wild, fierce: cf. F. truculent.] 1. Fierce; savage; ferocious; barbarous; as, the truculent inhabitants of Scythia. Ray.

2. Cruel; destructive; ruthless.

More or less truculent plagues.

Harvey.

Tru"cu*lent*ly, adv. In a truculent manner.

Trudge (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Trudged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Trudging.] [Perhaps of Scand. origin, and originally meaning, to walk on snowshoes; cf. dial. Sw. truga, trudja, a snowshoe, Norw. truga, Icel. þrga.] To walk or march with labor; to jog along; to move wearily.

And trudged to Rome upon my naked feet.

Dryden.

Trudge"man (?), n. A truchman. [Obs.]

True (?), a. [Compar. Truer (?); superl. Truest.] [OE. trewe, AS. treówe faithful, true, from treów fidelity, faith, troth; akin to OFries. triuwe, adj., treuwa, n., OS. triuwi, adj., trewa, n., D. trouw, adj. & n., G. treu, adj., treue, n., OHG. gitriuwi, adj., triuwa, n., Icel. tryggr, adj., Dan. tro, adj. & n., Sw. trogen, adj., tro, n., Goth. triggws, adj., triggwa, n., trauan to trust, OPruss druwis faith. Cf. Trow, Trust, Truth.]

1. Conformable to fact; in accordance with the actual state of things; correct; not false, erroneous, inaccurate, or the like; as, a true relation or narration; a true history; a declaration is true when it states the facts.

2. Right to precision; conformable to a rule or pattern; exact; accurate; as, a true copy; a true likeness of the original.

Making his eye, foot, and hand keep true time.

Sir W. Scott.

3. Steady in adhering to friends, to promises, to a prince, or the like; unwavering; faithful; loyal; not false, fickle, or perfidious; as, a true friend; a wife true to her husband; an officer true to his charge.

Thy so true, So faithful, love unequaled.

Milton.

Dare to be true: nothing can need a lie.

Herbert.

4. Actual; not counterfeit, adulterated, or pretended; genuine; pure; real; as, true balsam; true love of country; a true Christian.

The true light which lighteth every man that cometh into the world.

John i. 9.

True ease in writing comes from art, not chance.

Pope.

True is sometimes used elliptically for It is true.

Out of true, varying from correct mechanical form, alignment, adjustment, etc.; — said of a wall that is not perpendicular, of a wheel whose circumference is not in the same plane, and the like. [Colloq.] — A true bill (Law), a bill of indictment which is returned by the grand jury so indorsed, signifying that the charges to be true. — True time. See under Time.

True, adv. In accordance with truth; truly. Shak.

True"-blue` (?), a. Of inflexible honesty and fidelity; — a term derived from the true, or Coventry, blue, formerly celebrated for its unchanging color. See True blue, under Blue.

True"-blue`, n. A person of inflexible integrity or fidelity.

True"-born` (?), a. Of genuine birth; having a right by birth to any title; as, a true-born Englishman.

True"-bred` (?), a. 1. Of a genuine or right breed; as, a true-bred beast. Shak.

2. Being of real breeding or education; as, a true-bred gentleman.

True"-heart`ed (?), a. Of a faithful heart; honest; sincere; not faithless or deceitful; as, a truhearted friend. — True"-heart`ed*ness, n.

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True"love` (?), n. 1. One really beloved.

2. (Bot.) A plant. See Paris.

3. An unexplained word occurring in Chaucer, meaning, perhaps, an aromatic sweetmeat for sweetening the breath. T. R. Lounsbury.

Under his tongue a truelove he bore.

Chaucer.

Truelove knot, a complicated, involved knot that does not readily untie; the emblem of interwoven affection or engagement; - - called also true-lover's knot.

True"ness, n. The quality of being true; reality; genuineness; faithfulness; sincerity; exactness; truth.

True"-pen`ny (?), n. An honest fellow. Shak. Bacon.

Truf"fle (?; 277), n. [OF. trufle, F. truffe; akin to Sp. trufa, tartufo; of uncertain origin; perhaps from L. tuber a tumor, knob, truffle. Cf. Tuber, Trifle.] Any one of several kinds of roundish, subterranean fungi, usually of a blackish color. The French truffle (Tuber melanosporum) and the English truffle (T. æstivum) are much esteemed as articles of food.

Truffle worm (Zoöl.), the larva of a fly of the genus Leiodes, injurious to truffles.

Truf"fled (?), a. Provided or cooked with truffles; stuffed with truffles; as, a truffled turkey.

Trug (?), n. [Cf. Trough.] 1. A trough, or tray. Specifically: (a) A hod for mortar. (b) An old measure of wheat equal to two thirds of a bushel. Bailey.

2. A concubine; a harlot. [Obs.] Taylor (1630).

Trug"ging-house` (?), n. [See Trug, n., 2.] A brothel. [Obs.] Robert Greene.

Tru"ism (?), n. [From True.] An undoubted or self-evident truth; a statement which is pliantly true; a proposition needing no proof or argument; — opposed to falsism.

Trifling truisms clothed in great, swelling words.

J. P. Smith.

Tru`is*mat"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to truisms; consisting of truisms. [R.]

Trull (?), n. [G. trolle, trulle; cf. OD. drol a jester, Dan. trold an elf, imp, Sw. troll a goblin, Icel. troll, tröll, a giant, fiend, demon. Cf. Droll, Troll.] 1. A drab; a strumpet; a harlot; a trollop. Shak.

2. A girl; a wench; a lass. [Obs.]

Trul`li*za"tion (?), n. [L. trullissatio, from trullissare to trowel, to plaster, fr. trulla a trowel.] The act of laying on coats of plaster with a trowel.

Tru"ly (?), adv. [From True.] 1. In a true manner; according to truth; in agreement with fact; as, to state things truly; the facts are truly represented.

I can not truly say how I came here.

Shak.

2. Exactly; justly; precisely; accurately; as, to estimate truly the weight of evidence.

3. Sincerely; honestly; really; faithfully; as, to be truly attached to a lover; the citizens are truly loyal to their prince or their country. Burke.

4. Conformably to law; legally; legitimately.

His innocent babe [is] truly begotten.

Shak.

5. In fact; in deed; in reality; in truth.

Beauty is excelled by manly grace And wisdom, which alone is truly fair.

Milton.

Trump (?), n. [OE. trumpe, trompe, F. trompe; probably fr. L. triumphare to triumph, to exult, hence, probably, to make a joyous sound or noise. See Triumph, v. i. & n., and cf. Trombone, Tromp, Trump at cards, Trumpery, Trumpet, Trunk a proboscis.] A wind instrument of music; a trumpet, or sound of a trumpet; — used chiefly in Scripture and poetry.

We shall all be changed, in a moment, in the twinkling of an eye, at the last trump.

1 Cor. xv. 51, 52.

The wakeful trump of doom.

Milton.

Trump, v. i. [Cf. OF. tromper. See Trump a trumpet.] To blow a trumpet. [Obs.] Wyclif (Matt. vi. 2).

Trump, n. [A corruption of triumph, F. triomphe. See Triumph, and cf. Trump a trumpet.] 1. A winning card; one of a particular suit (usually determined by chance for each deal) any card of which takes any card of the other suits.

2. An old game with cards, nearly the same as whist; — called also ruff. Decker.

3. A good fellow; an excellent person. [Slang]

Alfred is a trump, I think you say.

Thackeray.

To put to one's trumps, or To put on one's trumps, to force to the last expedient, or to the utmost exertion.

But when kings come so low as to fawn upon philosophy, which before they neither valued nor understood, it is a sign that fails not, they are then put to their last trump.

Milton.

Put the housekeeper to her trumps to accommodate them.

W. Irving.

Trump, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Trumped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Trumping.] To play a trump card when one of another suit has been led.

Trump, v. t. To play a trump card upon; to take with a trump card; as, she trumped the first trick.

Trump, v. t. [F. tromper to deceive, in OF., to blow a trumpet, se tromper de to mock. See Trump a trumpet.] 1. To trick, or impose on; to deceive. [Obs.] "To trick or trump mankind." B. Jonson.

2. To impose unfairly; to palm off.

Authors have been trumped upon us.

C. Leslie.

To trump up, to devise; to collect with unfairness; to fabricate; as, to trump up a charge.

Trump"er*y (?), n. [F. tromperie deceit, fr. tromper to deceive. See Trump to trick.] 1. Deceit; fraud. [Obs.] Grenewey.

2. Something serving to deceive by false show or pretense; falsehood; deceit; worthless but showy matter; hence, things worn out and of no value; rubbish.

The trumpery in my house, go bring it hither, for state to catch these thieves.

Shak.

Upon the coming of Christ, very much, though not all, of this idolatrous trumpery and superstition was driven out of the world.

South.

Trump"er*y, a. Worthless or deceptive in character. "A trumpery little ring." Thackeray.

Trump"et (?), n. [F. trompette, dim. of trompe. See Trump a trumpet.] 1. (Mus.) A wind instrument of great antiquity, much used in war and military exercises, and of great value in the orchestra. In consists of a long metallic tube, curved (once or twice) into a convenient shape, and ending in a bell. Its scale in the lower octaves is limited to the first natural harmonics; but there are modern trumpets capable, by means of valves or pistons, of producing every tone within their compass, although at the expense of the true ringing quality of tone.

The trumpet's loud clangor Excites us to arms.

Dryden.

2. (Mil.) A trumpeter. Clarendon.

3. One who praises, or propagates praise, or is the instrument of propagating it. Shak.

That great politician was pleased to have the greatest wit of those times . . . to be the trumpet of his praises.

Dryden.

4. (Mach) A funnel, or short, fiaring pipe, used as a guide or conductor, as for yarn in a knitting machine.

Ear trumpet. See under Ear. — Sea trumpet (Bot.), a great seaweed (Ecklonia buccinalis) of the Southern Ocean. It has a long, hollow stem, enlarging upwards, which may be made into a kind of trumpet, and is used for many purposes. — Speaking trumpet, an instrument for conveying articulate sounds with increased force. — Trumpet animalcule (Zoöl.), any infusorian belonging to Stentor and allied genera, in which the body is trumpet-shaped. See Stentor. — Trumpet ash (Bot.), the trumpet creeper. [Eng.] — Trumpet conch (Zoöl.), a trumpet shell, or triton. - - Trumpet creeper (Bot.), an American climbing plant (Tecoma radicans) bearing clusters of large red trumpet-shaped flowers; — called also trumpet flower, and in England trumpet ash. — Trumpet fish. (Zoöl.) (a) The bellows fish. (b) The fistularia. — Trumpet flower. (Bot.) (a) The trumpet creeper; also, its blossom. (b) The trumpet honeysuckle. (c) A West Indian name for several plants with trumpet-shaped flowers. — Trumpet fly (Zoöl.), a botfly. — Trumpet honeysuckle (Bot.), a twining plant (Lonicera sempervirens) with red and yellow trumpet-shaped flowers; — called also trumpet flower. — Trumpet leaf (Bot.), a name of several plants of the genus Sarracenia. — Trumpet major (Mil.), the chief trumpeter of a band or regiment. — Trumpet marine (Mus.), a monochord, having a thick string, sounded with a bow, and stopped with the thumb so as to produce the harmonic tones; — said to be the oldest bowed instrument known, and in form the archetype of all others. It probably owes its name to "its external resemblance to the large speaking trumpet used on board Italian vessels, which is of the same length and tapering shape." Grove. — Trumpet shell (Zoöl.), any species of large marine univalve shells belonging to Triton and allied genera. See Triton, 2. — Trumpet tree. (Bot.) See Trumpetwood.

Trump"et, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trumpeted; p. pr. & vb. n. Trumpeting.] [Cf. F. trompeter.] To publish by, or as by, sound of trumpet; to noise abroad; to proclaim; as, to trumpet good tidings.

They did nothing but publish and trumpet all the reproaches they could devise against the Irish.

Bacon.

Trump"et, v. i. To sound loudly, or with a tone like a trumpet; to utter a trumplike cry.

Trump"et*er (?), n. 1. One who sounds a trumpet.

2. One who proclaims, publishes, or denounces.

These men are good trumpeters.

Bacon.

3. (Zoöl.) (a) Any one of several species of long-legged South American birds of the genus Psophia, especially P. crepitans, which is abundant, and often domesticated and kept with other poultry by the natives. They are allied to the cranes. So called from their loud cry. Called also agami, and yakamik. (b) A variety of the domestic pigeon. (c) An American swan (Olor buccinator) which has a very loud note.

4. (Zoöl.) A large edible fish (Latris hecateia) of the family Cirrhitidæ, native of Tasmania and New Zealand. It sometimes weighs as much as fifty or sixty pounds, and is highly esteemed as a food fish.

Trump"et*ing, n. (Mining) A channel cut behind the brick lining of a shaft. Raymond.

Trump"ets (?), n. pl. (Bot.) A plant (Sarracenia flava) with long, hollow leaves.

Trump"et-shaped` (?), a. Tubular with one end dilated, as the flower of the trumpet creeper.

Trump"et-tongued` (?), a. Having a powerful, far-reaching voice or speech.

Trump"et*weed` (?), n. (Bot.) (a) An herbaceous composite plant (Eupatorium purpureum), often having hollow stems, and bearing purplish flowers in small corymbed heads. (b) The sea trumpet.

Trump"et*wood` (?), n. (Bot.) A tropical American tree (Cecropia peltata) of the Breadfruit family, having hollow stems, which are used for wind instruments; — called also snakewood, and trumpet tree.

Trum"pie (?), n. (Zoöl.) The Richardson's skua (Stercorarius parasiticus).

Trump"like` (?), a. Resembling a trumpet, esp. in sound; as, a trumplike voice. Chapman.

Trun"cal (?), a. Of or pertaining to the trunk, or body.

Trun"cate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Truncated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Truncating.] [L. truncatus, p. p. of truncare to cut off, mutilate, fr. truncus maimed, mutilated, cut short. See Trunk.] To cut off; to lop; to maim.

Trun"cate (?), a. [L. truncatus, p. p. ] Appearing as if cut off at the tip; as, a truncate leaf or feather.

Trun"ca*ted (?), a. 1. Cut off; cut short; maimed.

2. (Min.) Replaced, or cut off, by a plane, especially when equally inclined to the adjoining faces; as, a truncated edge.

3. (Zoöl.) Lacking the apex; — said of certain spiral shells in which the apex naturally drops off.

Truncated cone or pyramid (Geom.), a cone or pyramid whose vertex is cut off by a plane, the plane being usually parallel to the base.

Trun*ca"tion (?), n. [L. truncatio.] 1. The act of truncating, lopping, or cutting off.

2. The state of being truncated.

3. (Min.) The replacement of an edge or solid angle by a plane, especially when the plane is equally inclined to the adjoining faces.

Trunch (?), n. [See Truncheon.] A stake; a small post. [Obs.]

Trun"cheon (?), n. [OE. tronchoun the shaft of a broken spear, broken piece, OF. tronchon, tron&?;on, F. tron&?;on, fr. OF. & F. tronce, tronche, a piece of wood; cf. OF. trons, tros, trois; all perhaps from L. thyrsus a stalk, stem, staff. See Thyrsus, and cf. Trounce.] 1. A short staff, a club; a cudgel; a shaft of a spear.

With his truncheon he so rudely struck.

Spenser.

2. A baton, or military staff of command.

The marshal's truncheon nor the judges robe.

Shak.

3. A stout stem, as of a tree, with the branches lopped off, to produce rapid growth. Gardner.

Trun"cheon, v. t. To beat with a truncheon. Shak.

Trun"cheoned (?), a. Having a truncheon.

Trun`cheon*eer" (?), n. A person armed with a truncheon. [Written also truncheoner.]

||Trun"cus (?), n. [L.] (Zoöl.) The thorax of an insect. See Trunk, n., ||5. || Trun"dle (?), n. [AS. tryndel a little shield. See Trend, v. i.] 1. A round body; a little wheel.

2. A lind of low-wheeled cart; a truck.

3. A motion as of something moving upon little wheels or rollers; a rolling motion.

4. (Mach.) (a) A lantern wheel. See under Lantern. (b) One of the bars of a lantern wheel.

Trun"dle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trundled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Trundling (?).] 1. To roll (a thing) on little wheels; as, to trundle a bed or a gun carriage.

2. To cause to roll or revolve; to roll along; as, to trundle a hoop or a ball. R. A. Proctor.

Trun"dle, v. i. 1. To go or move on small wheels; as, a bed trundles under another.

2. To roll, or go by revolving, as a hoop.

Trun"dle-bed` (?), n. A low bed that is moved on trundles, or little wheels, so that it can be pushed under a higher bed; a truckle-bed; also, sometimes, a simiral bed without wheels. Chapman.

Trun"dle*head` (?), n. 1. (Gearing) One of the disks forming the ends of a lantern wheel or pinion.

2. The drumhead of a capstan; especially, the drumhead of the lower of two capstans on the sane axis.

Trun"dle*tail` (?), n. A round or curled-up tail; also, a dog with such a tail. Shak.

Trunk (?), n. [F. tronc, L. truncus, fr. truncus maimed, mutilated; perhaps akin to torquere to twist wrench, and E. torture. Trunk in the sense of proboscis is fr. F. trompe (the same word as trompe a trumpet), but has been confused in English with trunk the stem of a tree (see Trump a trumpet). Cf. Truncate.] 1. The stem, or body, of a tree, apart from its limbs and roots; the main stem, without the branches; stock; stalk.

About the mossy trunk I wound me soon, For, high from ground, the branches would require Thy utmost reach.

Milton.

2. The body of an animal, apart from the head and limbs.

3. The main body of anything; as, the trunk of a vein or of an artery, as distinct from the branches.

4. (Arch) That part of a pilaster which is between the base and the capital, corresponding to the shaft of a column.

5. (Zoöl.) That segment of the body of an insect which is between the head and abdomen, and bears the wings and legs; the thorax; the truncus.

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6. (Zoöl.) (a) The proboscis of an elephant. (b) The proboscis of an insect.

7. A long tube through which pellets of clay, p&?;as, etc., are driven by the force of the breath.

He shot sugarplums them out of a trunk.

Howell.

8. A box or chest usually covered with leather, metal, or cloth, or sometimes made of leather, hide, or metal, for containing clothes or other goods; especially, one used to convey the effects of a traveler.

Locked up in chests and trunks.

Shak.

9. (Mining) A flume or sluice in which ores are separated from the slimes in which they are contained.

10. (Steam Engine) A large pipe forming the piston rod of a steam engine, of sufficient diameter to allow one end of the connecting rod to be attached to the crank, and the other end to pass within the pipe directly to the piston, thus making the engine more compact.

11. A long, large box, pipe, or conductor, made of plank or metal plates, for various uses, as for conveying air to a mine or to a furnace, water to a mill, grain to an elevator, etc.

Trunk engine, a marine engine, the piston rod of which is a trunk. See Trunk, 10. — Trunk hose, large breeches formerly worn, reaching to the knees. — Trunk line, the main line of a railway, canal, or route of conveyance. — Trunk turtle (Zoöl.), the leatherback.

Trunk (?), v. t. [Cf. F. tronquer. See Truncate.] 1. To lop off; to curtail; to truncate; to maim. [Obs.] "Out of the trunked stock." Spenser.

2. (Mining) To extract (ores) from the slimes in which they are contained, by means of a trunk. See Trunk, n., 9. Weale.

Trunk"back` (?), n. (Zoöl.) The leatherback.

Trunked (?), a. Having (such) a trunk.

Thickset with strong and well-trunked trees.

Howell.

Trunk"fish` (?), n. (Zoöl.) Any one of several species of plectognath fishes, belonging to the genus Ostracion, or the family Ostraciontidæ, having an angular body covered with a rigid integument consisting of bony scales. Some of the species are called also coffer fish, and boxfish.

Trunk"ful (?), n.; pl. Trunkfuls (&?;). As much as a trunk will hold; enough to fill a trunk.

Trunk"work` (?), n. Work or devices suitable to be concealed; a secret stratagem. [Obs.]

Trun"nel (?), n. A trundle. [R.]

Trun"nel, n. (Shipbuilding) See Treenail.

Trun"nion (?), n. [OF. trognon the stock, stump, or truck of a tree, F. trognon a core, stalk, fr. tron a trunk, stem. Cf. Trunk.] 1. (Gun.) A cylindrical projection on each side of a piece, whether gun, mortar, or howitzer, serving to support it on the cheeks of the carriage. See Illust. of Cannon.

2. (Steam Engine) A gudgeon on each side of an oscillating steam cylinder, to support it. It is usually tubular, to convey steam.

Trunnion plate (Gun.), a plate in the carriage of a gun, mortar, or howitzer, which covers the upper part of the cheek, and forms a bearing under the trunnion. — Trunnion ring (Gun.), a ring on a cannon next before the trunnions. [R.]

Trun"nioned (?), a. Provided with trunnions; as, the trunnioned cylinder of an oscillating steam engine.

Tru"sion (?), n. [L. trudere, trusum, to thrust, shove: cf. F. trusion.] The act of pushing or thrusting. [R.] Bentley.

Truss (?), n. [OE. trusse, F. trousse, OF. also tourse; perhaps fr. L. tryrsus stalk, stem. Cf. Thyrsus, Torso, Trousers, Trousseau.] 1. A bundle; a package; as, a truss of grass. Fabyan.

Bearing a truss of trifles at his back.

Spenser.

A truss of hay in England is 56 lbs. of old and 60 lbs. of new hay; a truss of straw is 36 lbs.

2. A padded jacket or dress worn under armor, to protect the body from the effects of friction; also, a part of a woman's dress; a stomacher. [Obs.] Nares.

Puts off his palmer's weed unto his truss, which bore The stains of ancient arms.

Drayton.

3. (Surg.) A bandage or apparatus used in cases of hernia, to keep up the reduced parts and hinder further protrusion, and for other purposes.

4. (Bot.) A tuft of flowers formed at the top of the main stalk, or stem, of certain plants.

5. (Naut.) The rope or iron used to keep the center of a yard to the mast.

6. (Arch. & Engin.) An assemblage of members of wood or metal, supported at two points, and arranged to transmit pressure vertically to those points, with the least possible strain across the length of any member. Architectural trusses when left visible, as in open timber roofs, often contain members not needed for construction, or are built with greater massiveness than is requisite, or are composed in unscientific ways in accordance with the exigencies of style.

Truss rod, a rod which forms the tension member of a trussed beam, or a tie rod in a truss.

Truss, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trussed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Trussing.] [F. trousser. See Truss, n.] 1. To bind or pack close; to make into a truss. Shak.

It [his hood] was trussed up in his wallet.

Chaucer.

2. To take fast hold of; to seize and hold firmly; to pounce upon. [Obs.]

Who trussing me as eagle doth his prey.

Spenser.

3. To strengthen or stiffen, as a beam or girder, by means of a brace or braces.

4. To skewer; to make fast, as the wings of a fowl to the body in cooking it.

5. To execute by hanging; to hang; — usually with up. [Slang.] Sir W. Scott.

To truss a person or one's self, to adjust and fasten the clothing of; especially, to draw tight and tie the laces of garments. [Obs.] "Enter Honeysuckle, in his nightcap, trussing himself." J. Webster (1607). — To truss up, to strain; to make close or tight. — Trussed beam, a beam which is stiffened by a system of braces constituting a truss of which the beam is a chord.

Truss"ing (?), n. 1. (Arch. & Engin.) The timbers, etc., which form a truss, taken collectively. Weale.

2. (Arch. & Engin.) The art of stiffening or bracing a set of timbers, or the like, by putting in struts, ties, etc., till it has something of the character of a truss.

3. The act of a hawk, or other bird of prey, in seizing its quarry, and soaring with it into air. [Obs.]

Trust (?), n. [OE. trust, trost, Icel. traust confidence, security; akin to Dan. & Sw. tröst comfort, consolation, G. trost, Goth. trausti a convention, covenant, and E. true. See True, and cf. Tryst.] 1. Assured resting of the mind on the integrity, veracity, justice, friendship, or other sound principle, of another person; confidence; reliance; reliance. "O ever-failing trust in mortal strength!" Milton.

Most take things upon trust.

Locke.

2. Credit given; especially, delivery of property or merchandise in reliance upon future payment; exchange without immediate receipt of an equivalent; as, to sell or buy goods on trust.

3. Assured anticipation; dependence upon something future or contingent, as if present or actual; hope; belief. "Such trust have we through Christ." 2 Cor. iii. 4.

His trust was with the Eternal to be deemed Equal in strength.

Milton.

4. That which is committed or intrusted to one; something received in confidence; charge; deposit.

5. The condition or obligation of one to whom anything is confided; responsible charge or office.

[I] serve him truly that will put me in trust.

Shak.

Reward them well, if they observe their trust.

Denham.

6. That upon which confidence is reposed; ground of reliance; hope.

O Lord God, thou art my trust from my youth.

Ps. lxxi. 5.

7. (Law) An estate devised or granted in confidence that the devisee or grantee shall convey it, or dispose of the profits, at the will, or for the benefit, of another; an estate held for the use of another; a confidence respecting property reposed in one person, who is termed the trustee, for the benefit of another, who is called the cestui que trust.

8. An organization formed mainly for the purpose of regulating the supply and price of commodities, etc.; as, a sugar trust. [Cant]

Syn. — Confidence; belief; faith; hope; expectation.

Trust deed (Law), a deed conveying property to a trustee, for some specific use.

Trust, a. Held in trust; as, trust property; trustmoney.

Trust, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trusted; p. pr. & vb. n. Trusting.] [OE. trusten, trosten. See Trust, n.] 1. To place confidence in; to rely on, to confide, or repose faith, in; as, we can not trust those who have deceived us.

I will never trust his word after.

Shak.

He that trusts every one without reserve will at last be deceived.

Johnson.

2. To give credence to; to believe; to credit.

Trust me, you look well.

Shak.

3. To hope confidently; to believe; — usually with a phrase or infinitive clause as the object.

I trust to come unto you, and speak face to face.

2 John 12.

We trustwe have a good conscience.

Heb. xiii. 18.

4. to show confidence in a person by intrusting (him) with something.

Whom, with your power and fortune, sir, you trust, Now to suspect is vain.

Dryden.

5. To commit, as to one's care; to intrust.

Merchants were not willing to trust precious cargoes to any custody but that of a man-of-war.

Macaulay.

6. To give credit to; to sell to upon credit, or in confidence of future payment; as, merchants and manufacturers trust their customers annually with goods.

7. To risk; to venture confidently.

[Beguiled] by thee to trust thee from my side.

Milton.

Trust, v. i. 1. To have trust; to be credulous; to be won to confidence; to confide.

More to know could not be more to trust.

Shak.

2. To be confident, as of something future; to hope.

I will trust and not be afraid.

Isa. xii. 2.

3. To sell or deliver anything in reliance upon a promise of payment; to give credit.

It is happier sometimes to be cheated than not to trust.

Johnson.

To trust in, To trust on, to place confidence in,; to rely on; to depend. "Trust in the Lord, and do good." Ps. xxxvii. 3. "A priest . . . on whom we trust." Chaucer.

Her widening streets on new foundations trust.

Dryden.

— To trust to or unto, to depend on; to have confidence in; to rely on.

They trusted unto the liers in wait.

Judges xx. 36.

Trus*tee" (?), n. (Law) A person to whom property is legally committed in trust, to be applied either for the benefit of specified individuals, or for public uses; one who is intrusted with property for the benefit of another; also, a person in whose hands the effects of another are attached in a trustee process.

Trustee process (Law), a process by which a creditor may attach his debtor's goods, effects, and credits, in the hands of a third person; — called, in some States, the process of foreign attachment, garnishment, or factorizing process. [U. S.]

Trus*tee" (?), v. t. 1. To commit (property) to the care of a trustee; as, to trustee an estate.

2. (Law) To attach (a debtor's wages, credits, or property in the hands of a third person) in the interest of the creditor. [U. S.]

Trus*tee"ship, n. The office or duty of a trustee.

Trust"er (?), n. 1. One who trusts, or credits.

2. (Scots Law) One who makes a trust; — the correlative of trustee.

Trust"ful (?), a. 1. Full of trust; trusting.

2. Worthy of trust; faithful; trusty; trustworthy.

— Trust"ful*ly,adv. — Trust"ful*ness, n.

Trust"i*ly (?), adv. In a trusty manner.

Trust"i*ness, n. The quality or state of being trusty.

Trust"ing, a. Having or exercising trust; confiding; unsuspecting; trustful. — Trust"ing*ly, adv.

Trust"less, a. That may not be trusted; not worthy of trust; unfaithful. — Trust"less*ness, n.

Trust"wor`thy (?), a. Worthy of trust or confidence; trusty. — Trust"wor`thi*ness (#), n.

Trust"y (?), a. [Compar. Trustier (?); superl. Trustiest.] 1. Admitting of being safely trusted; justly deserving confidence; fit to be confided in; trustworthy; reliable.

Your trusty and most valiant servitor.

Shak.

2. Hence, not liable to fail; strong; firm.

His trusty sword he called to his aid.

Spenser.

3. Involving trust; as, a trusty business. [R.] Shak.

Truth (?), n.; pl. Truths (#). [OE. treuthe, trouthe, treowpe, AS. treów&?;. See True; cf. Troth, Betroth.] 1. The quality or being true; as: — (a) Conformity to fact or reality; exact accordance with that which is, or has been; or shall be.

(b) Conformity to rule; exactness; close correspondence with an example, mood, object of imitation, or the like.

Plows, to go true, depend much on the truth of the ironwork.

Mortimer.

(c) Fidelity; constancy; steadfastness; faithfulness.

Alas! they had been friends in youth, But whispering tongues can poison truth.

Coleridge.

(d) The practice of speaking what is true; freedom from falsehood; veracity.

If this will not suffice, it must appear That malice bears down truth.

Shak.

2. That which is true or certain concerning any matter or subject, or generally on all subjects; real state of things; fact; verity; reality.

Speak ye every man the truth to his neighbor.

Zech. viii. 16.

I long to know the truth here of at large.

Shak.

The truth depends on, or is only arrived at by, a legitimate deduction from all the facts which are truly material.

Coleridge.

3. A true thing; a verified fact; a true statement or proposition; an established principle, fixed law, or the like; as, the great truths of morals.

Even so our boasting . . . is found a truth.

2 Cor. vii. 14.

4. Righteousness; true religion.

Grace and truth came by Jesus Christ.

John i. 17.

Sanctify them through thy truth; thy word is truth.

John xvii. 17.

In truth, in reality; in fact. — Of a truth, in reality; certainly. — To do truth, to practice what God commands.

He that doeth truth cometh to the light.

John iii. 21.

Truth, v. t. To assert as true; to declare. [R.]

Had they [the ancients] dreamt this, they would have truthed it heaven.

Ford.

Truth"ful (?), a. Full of truth; veracious; reliable. — Truth"ful*ly, adv. — Truth"ful*ness, n.

Truth"less, a. Devoid of truth; dishonest; dishonest; spurious; faithless. — Truth"less*ness, n.

Truth"-lov`er (?), n. One who loves the truth.

Truth-lover was our English Duke.

Tennyson.

Truth"ness, n. Truth. [Obs. & R.] Marston.

Truth"-tell`er (?), n. One who tells the truth.

Truth-teller was our England's Alfred named.

Tennyson.

Truth"y (?), a. Truthful; likely; probable. [R.] "A more truthy import." W. G. Palgrave.

Tru`ti*na"tion (?), n. [L. trutinari to weigh, from trutina a balance. See Trone a steelyard.] The act of weighing. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Trut*ta"ceous (?), a. [LL. trutta a trout, L. tructa. See Trout.] (Zoöl.) Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a trout; as, fish of the truttaceous kind.

Try (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. tried (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Trying.] [OE. trien to select, pick out, F. trier to cull, to out, LL. tritare to triturate (hence the sense of, to thresh, to separate the grain from the straw, to select), L. terere, tritum, to rub, bruise, grind, thresh. See Trite.] 1. To divide or separate, as one sort from another; to winnow; to sift; to pick out; — frequently followed by out; as, to try out the wild corn from the good. [Obs.] Sir T. Elyot.

2. To purify or refine, as metals; to melt out, and procure in a pure state, as oil, tallow, lard, etc. Shak.

The words of the Lord are pure words: as silver tried in a furnace of earth, purified seven times.

Ps. xii. 6.

For thou, O God, hast proved us: thou hast tried us, as silver is tried.

Ps. lxvi. 10.

3. To prove by experiment; to apply a test to, for the purpose of determining the quality; to examine; to prove; to test; as, to try weights or measures by a standard; to try a man's opinions.

Let the end try the man.

Shak.

4. To subject to severe trial; to put to the test; to cause suffering or trouble to.

Thus far to try thee, Adam, I was pleased.

Milton.

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5. To experiment with; to test by use; as, to try a remedy for disease; to try a horse.

Come, try upon yourselves what you have seen me.

Shak.

To ease her cares the force of sleep she tries.

Swift.

6. To strain; to subject to excessive tests; as, the light tries his eyes; repeated disappointments try one's patience.

7. (Law) To examine or investigate judicially; to examine by witnesses or other judicial evidence and the principles of law; as, to try a cause, or a criminal.

8. To settle; to decide; to determine; specifically, to decide by an appeal to arms; as, to try rival claims by a duel; to try conclusions.

Left I the court, to see this quarrel tried.

Shak.

9. To experience; to have or gain knowledge of by experience. Milton.

Or try the Libyan heat or Scythian cold.

Dryden.

10. To essay; to attempt; to endeavor.

Let us try . . . to found a path.

Milton.

To try on. (a) To put on, as a garment, to ascertain whether it fits the person. (b) To attempt; to undertake. [Slang] Dickens.

Syn. — To attempt; endeavor; strive; aim; examine. — Try, Attempt. To try is the generic, to attempt is the specific, term. When we try, we are usually uncertain as to success; when we attempt, we have always some definite object in view which we seek to accomplish. We may be indifferent as to the result of a trial, but we rarely attempt anything without a desire to succeed.

He first deceased: she for a little tried To live without him; liked it not, and died.

Sir H. Wotton.

Alack, I am afraid they have a waked, And 't is not done. The attempt, and not the deed, Confounds us.

Shak.

Try (?), v. i. 1. To exert strength; to endeavor; to make an effort or an attempt; as, you must try hard if you wish to learn.

2. To do; to fare; as, how do you try! [Prov. Eng.]

Try, n. 1. A screen, or sieve, for grain. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Holland.

2. Act of trying; attempt; experiment; trial.

This breaking of his has been but a try for his friends.

Shak.

Try cock, a gauge cock. See under Gauge.

Try, a. [Cf. Try, v. t.] Refined; select; excellent; choice. [Obs.] "Sugar that is try." Chaucer.

||Try"gon (tr"gn), n. [L., a sting ray, from Gr.&?; a kind of fish with ||a prickle in the tail.] (Zoöl.) Any one of several species of large ||sting rays belonging to Trygon and allied genera. || Try"ing, a. Adapted to try, or put to severe trial; severe; afflictive; as, a trying occasion or position.

Tryp"sin (?), n. [Cr. &?; a rubbing, fr. &?; to rub, grind. So called because it causes proteid matter to break up or to fall apart.] (physiol.) A proteolytic ferment, or enzyme, present in the pancreatic juice. Unlike the pepsin of the gastric juice, it acts in a neutral or alkaline fluid, and not only converts the albuminous matter of the food into soluble peptones, but also, in part, into leucin and tyrosin.

Tryp*sin"o*gen (?), n. [Trypsin + - gen.] (Physiol.) The antecedent of trypsin, a substance which is contained in the cells of the pancreas and gives rise to the trypsin.

Tryp"tic (?), a. (Physiol.) Relating to trypsin or to its action; produced by trypsin; as, trypsin digestion.

Tryp"tone (?), n. (Physiol. Chem.) The peptone formed by pancreatic digestion; — so called because it is formed through the agency of the ferment trypsin.

Try"sail (?), n. (Naut.) A fore- and-aft sail, bent to a gaff, and hoisted on a lower mast or on a small mast, called the trysail mast, close abaft a lower mast; — used chiefly as a storm sail. Called also spencer. Totten.

Try"-square` (?), n. An instrument used by carpenters, joiners, etc., for laying off right angles off right angles, and testing whether work is square.

Tryst (?), n. [OE. trist, tryst, a variant of trust; cf. Icel. treysta to make trusty, fr. traust confidence, security. See Trust, n.] 1. Trust. [Obs.]

2. An appointment to meet; also, an appointed place or time of meeting; as, to keep tryst; to break tryst. [Scot. or Poetic]

To bide tryst, to wait, at the appointed time, for one with whom a tryst or engagement is made; to keep an engagement or appointment.

The tenderest-hearted maid That ever bided tryst at village stile.

Tennyson.

Tryst, v. t. [OE. tristen, trysten. See Tryst, n.]

1. To trust. [Obs.]

2. To agree with to meet at a certain place; to make an appointment with. [Scot.] Burns.

Tryst, v. i. To mutually agree to meet at a certain place. [Scot.]

Tryst"er (?), n. One who makes an appointment, or tryst; one who meets with another.

Tryst"ing, n. An appointment; a tryst.

Trysting day, an arranged day of meeting or assembling, as of soldiers, friends, and the like.

And named a trysting day, And bade his messengers ride forth East and west and south and north, To summon his array.

Macaulay.

— Trysting place, a place designated for the assembling of soldiers, the meeting of parties for an interview, or the like; a rendezvous. Byron.

Tsar (?), n. The title of the emperor of Russia. See Czar.

{ Tsa*ri"na (?), Tsa*rit"sa (?), } n. [Russ. tsaritsa. Cf. Czarina.] The title of the empress of Russia. See Czarina.

||Tschak*meck" (?), n. (Zoöl.) The chameck. || ||Tsche"go (?), n. [From a native name.] (Zoöl.) A West African ||anthropoid ape allied to the gorilla and chimpanzee, and by some ||considered only a variety of the chimpanzee. It is noted for building ||large, umbrella-shaped nests in trees. Called also tscheigo, ||tschiego, nschego, nscheigo. || Tse"be (?), n. (Zoöl.) The springbok.

Tset"se, n. (Zoöl.) A venomous two-winged African fly (Glossina morsitans) whose bite is very poisonous, and even fatal, to horses and cattle, but harmless to men. It renders extensive districts in which it abounds uninhabitable during certain seasons of the year. [Written also tzetze, and tsetze.]

T" square` (?). See under T.

Tu`a*te"ra (?), n. (Zoöl.) See Hatteria.

Tub (?), n. [OE. tubbe; of Dutch or Low German origin; cf. LG. tubbe, D. tobbe.] 1. An open wooden vessel formed with staves, bottom, and hoops; a kind of short cask, half barrel, or firkin, usually with but one head, — used for various purposes.

2. The amount which a tub contains, as a measure of quantity; as, a tub of butter; a tub of camphor, which is about 1 cwt., etc.

3. Any structure shaped like a tub: as, a certain old form of pulpit; a short, broad boat, etc., — often used jocosely or opprobriously.

All being took up and busied, some in pulpits and some in tubs, in the grand work of preaching and holding forth.

South.

4. A sweating in a tub; a tub fast. [Obs.] Shak.

5. A small cask; as, a tub of gin.

6. A box or bucket in which coal or ore is sent up a shaft; — so called by miners.

Tub fast, an old mode of treatment for the venereal disease, by sweating in a close place, or tub, and fasting. [Obs.] Shak. — Tub wheel, a horizontal water wheel, usually in the form of a short cylinder, to the circumference of which spiral vanes or floats, placed radially, are attached, turned by the impact of one or more streams of water, conducted so as to strike against the floats in the direction of a tangent to the cylinder.

Tub, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tubbed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tubbing.] To plant or set in a tub; as, to tub a plant.

Tub, v. i. To make use of a bathing tub; to lie or be in a bath; to bathe. [Colloq.]

Don't we all tub in England ?

London Spectator.

Tu"ba (?), n. [L., trumpet.] (Mus.) (a) An ancient trumpet. (b) A sax-tuba. See Sax-tuba.

Tub"al (?), a. Of or pertaining to a tube; specifically, of or pertaining to one of the Fallopian tubes; as, tubal pregnancy.

Tub"bing (?), n. 1. The forming of a tub; also, collectively, materials for tubs.

2. A lining of timber or metal around the shaft of a mine; especially, a series of cast-iron cylinders bolted together, used to enable those who sink a shaft to penetrate quicksand, water, etc., with safety.

Tub"by (?), a. Resembling a tub; specifically sounding dull and without resonance, like a tub; wanting elasticity or freedom of sound; as, a tubby violin.

Tube (?), n. [L. tubus; akin to tuba a trumpet: cf F. tube.] 1. A hollow cylinder, of any material, used for the conveyance of fluids, and for various other purposes; a pipe.

2. A telescope. "Glazed optic tube." Milton.

3. A vessel in animal bodies or plants, which conveys a fluid or other substance.

4. (Bot.) The narrow, hollow part of a gamopetalous corolla.

5. (Gun.) A priming tube, or friction primer. See under Priming, and Friction.

6. (Steam Boilers) A small pipe forming part of the boiler, containing water and surrounded by flame or hot gases, or else surrounded by water and forming a flue for the gases to pass through.

7. (Zoöl.) (a) A more or less cylindrical, and often spiral, case secreted or constructed by many annelids, crustaceans, insects, and other animals, for protection or concealment. See Illust. of Tubeworm. (b) One of the siphons of a bivalve mollusk.

Capillary tube, a tube of very fine bore. See Capillary. — Fire tube (Steam Boilers), a tube which forms a flue. — Tube coral. (Zoöl.) Same as Tubipore. — Tube foot (Zoöl.), one of the ambulacral suckers of an echinoderm. — Tube plate, or Tube sheet (Steam Boilers), a flue plate. See under Flue. — Tube pouch (Mil.), a pouch containing priming tubes. — Tube spinner (Zoöl.), any one of various species of spiders that construct tubelike webs. They belong to Tegenaria, Agelena, and allied genera. — Water tube (Steam Boilers), a tube containing water and surrounded by flame or hot gases.

Tube, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tubed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tubing.] To furnish with a tube; as, to tube a well.

Tube"form (?), a. In the form of a tube; tubular; tubiform.

Tube"-nosed` (?), a. (Zoöl.) (a) Having the nostrils prolonged in the form of horny tubes along the sides of the beak; — said of certain sea birds. (b) Belonging to the Tubinares.

Tu"ber (?), n.[L., a hump. knob; probably akin to tumere to swell. Cf. Tumid.] 1. (Bot.) (a) A fleshy, rounded stem or root, usually containing starchy matter, as the potato or arrowroot; a thickened root-stock. See Illust. of Tuberous. (b) A genus of fungi. See Truffle.

2. (Anat.) A tuberosity; a tubercle.

Tu"ber*cle (?), n. [L. tuberculum, dim. of tuber: cf. F. tubercule, OF. also tubercle. See Tuber.]

1. A small knoblike prominence or excrescence, whether natural or morbid; as, a tubercle on a plant; a tubercle on a bone; the tubercles appearing on the body in leprosy.

2. (Med.) A small mass or aggregation of morbid matter; especially, the deposit which accompanies scrofula or phthisis. This is composed of a hard, grayish, or yellowish, translucent or opaque matter, which gradually softens, and excites suppuration in its vicinity. It is most frequently found in the lungs, causing consumption.

Tubercle bacillus (Med.), a minute vegetable organism (Bacillus tuberculosis) discovered by Koch, a German physician, in the sputum of consumptive patients and in tuberculous tissue, and believed to be the exciting cause of tubercles and tuberculosis.

Tu"ber*cled (?), a. Having tubercles; affected with, tubercles; tuberculate; as, a tubercled lung or stalk.

Tu*ber"cu*lar (?), a. 1. Having tubercles; affected with tubercles; tubercled; tuberculate.

2. Like a tubercle; as, a tubercular excrescence.

3. (Med.) Characterized by the development of tubercles; as, tubercular diathesis.

{ Tu*ber"cu*late (?), Tu*ber"cu*la`ted (?), } a. [NL. tuberculatus: cf. F. tuberculé.] Tubercled; tubercular.

Tu*ber"cu*lin (?), n. [See Tubercle.] A fluid containing the products formed by the growth of the tubercle bacillus in a suitable culture medium.

Tu*ber`cu*li*za"tion (?), n. (Med.) The development of tubercles; the condition of one who is affected with tubercles.

{ Tu*ber"cu*lose` (?), Tu*ber"cu*lous (?), } a. Having tubercles; affected with, or characterized by, tubercles; tubercular.

||Tu*ber`cu*lo"sis (?), n. [NL. See Tubercle.] (Med.) A constitutional ||disease characterized by the production of tubercles in the internal ||organs, and especially in the lungs, where it constitutes the most ||common variety of pulmonary consumption. || ||Tu*ber"cu*lum (?), n.; pl. Tubercula (#). [L., dim. of tuber a ||swelling.] (Zoöl.) A tubercle. || Tu`ber*if"er*ous (?), a. [Tuber + - ferous.] Producing or bearing tubers.

Tube"rose` (?), n. [Cf. G. tuberose, F. tubéreuse, NL. Polianthes tuberosa. See Tuberous.] (Bot.) A plant (Polianthes tuberosa) with a tuberous root and a liliaceous flower. It is much cultivated for its beautiful and fragrant white blossoms.

Tu"ber*ose` (?), a. Tuberous.

Tu`ber*os"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Tuberosities (#). [Cf. F. tubérosité.] 1. The state of being tuberous.

2. An obtuse or knoblike prominence; a protuberance.

Tu"ber*ous (?), a. [L. tuberosus: cf. F. tubéreux. See Tuber, and cf. also Tuberose.]

1. Covered with knobby or wartlike prominences; knobbed.

2. (Bot.) Consisting of, or bearing, tubers; resembling a tuber.

— Tu"ber*ous*ness, n.

Tube"-shell` (?), n. (Zoöl.) Any bivalve mollusk which secretes a shelly tube around its siphon, as the watering-shell.

Tube"worm` (?), n. (Zoöl.) Any annelid which constructs a tube; one of the Tubicolæ.

Tub"fish` (?), n. (Zoöl.) The sapphirine gurnard (Trigla hirundo). See Illust. under Gurnard. [Prov. Eng.]

Tub"ful (?), n.; pl. Tubfuls (&?;). As much as a tub will hold; enough to fill a tub.

Tu*bic"i*nate (?), v. i. [L. tubicen trumpeter.] To blow a trumpet.

||Tu*bic"o*læ (?), n. pl. [L. tubus a tube + colere to inhabit.] ||(Zoöl.) A division of annelids including those which construct, and ||habitually live in, tubes. The head or anterior segments usually bear ||gills and cirri. Called also Sedentaria, and Capitibranchiata. See ||Serpula, and Sabella. || Tu*bic"o*lar (?), a. (Zoöl.) Tubicolous.

Tu"bi*cole (?), n. (Zoöl.) One of the Tubicolæ.

Tu*bic"o*lous (?), a. [See Tubicolæ.] (Zoöl.) Inhabiting a tube; as, tubicolous worms.

Tu"bi*corn (?), n. [L. tubus tube + cornu horn: cf. F. tubicorne.] (Zoöl.) Any ruminant having horns composed of a bony axis covered with a horny sheath; a hollow-horned ruminant.

Tu"bi*corn`ous (?), a. Having hollow horns.

Tu"bi*form (?), a. Having the form of a tube; tubeform. "Tubiform cells." Carpenter.

Tu`bi*na"res (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. tubus tube + nares the nostrils.] (Zoöl.) A tribe of sea birds comprising the petrels, shearwaters, albatrosses, hagdons, and allied birds having tubular horny nostrils.

<! p. 1549 !>

Tub"ing (?), n. 1. The act of making tubes.

2. A series of tubes; tubes, collectively; a length or piece of a tube; material for tubes; as, leather tubing.

||Tu*bip"o*ra (?), n. [NL., from L. tubus tube + porus passage, pore.] ||(Zoöl.) A genus of halcyonoids in which the skeleton, or coral ||(called organ-pipe coral), consists of a mass of parallel cylindrical ||tubes united at intervals by transverse plates. These corals are ||usually red or purple and form large masses. They are natives of the ||tropical parts of the Indian and Pacific Oceans. || Tu"bi*pore (?), n. [Cf. F. tubipore.] (Zoöl.) Any species of the genus Tubipora.

Tu"bi*po*rite (?), n. (Paleon.) Any fossil coral of the genus Syringopora consisting of a cluster of upright tubes united together by small transverse tubules.

Tu"bi*valve (?), n. [See Tube, Valve.] (Zoöl.) A shell or tube formed by an annelid, as a serpula.

Tub"man (?), n.; pl. Tubmen (&?;). (Eng. Law) One of the two most experienced barristers in the Court of Exchequer. Cf. Postman, 2.

Tu"bu*lar (?), a. [L. tubulus, dim. of tubus a tube, or pipe. See Tube.] Having the form of a tube, or pipe; consisting of a pipe; fistular; as, a tubular snout; a tubular calyx. Also, containing, or provided with, tubes.

Tubular boiler. See under Boiler. — Tubular breathing (Med.), a variety of respiratory sound, heard on auscultation over the lungs in certain cases of disease, resembling that produced by the air passing through the trachea. — Tubular bridge, a bridge in the form of a hollow trunk or tube, made of iron plates riveted together, as the Victoria bridge over the St. Lawrence, at Montreal, Canada, and the Britannia bridge over the Menai Straits. — Tubular girder, a plate girder having two or more vertical webs with a space between them.

||Tu`bu*la"ri*a (?), n. [NL.] (Zoöl.) A genus of hydroids having large, ||naked, flowerlike hydranths at the summits of long, slender, usually ||simple, stems. The gonophores are small, and form clusters at the ||bases of the outer tentacles. || ||Tu`bu*la"ri*æ (?), n. pl. [NL.] See Tubularida. || Tu`bu*la"ri*an (?), n. (Zool.) Any hydroid belonging to the suborder Tubularida.

These hydroids usually form tufts of delicate tubes, and both gonophores and hydranths are naked. The gonophores of many of the species become free jellyfishes; those of other species remain permanently attached as medusoid buds or sporosacs. See Illust. under Gonosome, and Cymnoblastea.

Tu`bu*la"ri*an, a. (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to the tubularians.

||Tu"bu*lar`i*da (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoöl.) An extensive division of ||Hydroidea; the tubularians; — called also Athecata, Gymnoblastea, and ||Tubulariæ. || Tu"bu*late (?), a. [L. tubulatus. See Tubular.] Tubular; tubulated; tubulous.

Tu"bu*la`ted (?), a. Made in the form of a small tube; provided with a tube, or elongated opening.

Tubulated bottle or retort (Chem.), a bottle or retort having a stoppered opening for the introduction or removal of materials.

Tu`bu*la"tion (?), n. (Chem.) The act of shaping or making a tube, or of providing with a tube; also, a tube or tubulure; as, the tubulation of a retort.

Tu"bu*la`ture (?), n. (Chem.) A tubulure.

Tu"bule (?), n. [F. tubule, or L. tubulus, dim. of tubus a tube, a pipe.] 1. A small pipe or fistular body; a little tube.

2. (Anat.) A minute tube lined with glandular epithelium; as, the uriniferous tubules of the kidney.

Tu`bu*li*bran"chi*an (?), n. (Zool.) One of the Tubulibranchiata.

||Tu`bu*li*bran`chi*a"ta (?), n. pl. [NL., from L. tubulus a little ||tube + branchia a gill.] (Zoöl.) A group of gastropod mollusks having ||a tubular shell. Vermetus is an example. || Tu"bu*li*cole` (?), n. [L. tubulus little tube + colere to inhabit.] (Zoöl.) Any hydroid which has tubular chitinous stems.

Tu`bu*li*den"tate (?), a. [Tubule + dentate.] (Zoöl.) Having teeth traversed by canals; — said of certain edentates.

Tu"bu*li*form` (?), a. [Cf. F. tubuliforme.] Having the form of a small tube.

Tu"bu*li*pore" (?), n. (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of Bryozoa belonging to Tubulipora and allied genera, having tubular calcareous calicles.

{ Tu"bu*lose` (?), Tu"bu*lous (?), } a. [Cf. F. tubuleux. See Tubule.] 1. Resembling, or in the form of, a tube; longitudinally hollow; specifically (Bot.), having a hollow cylindrical corolla, often expanded or toothed at the border; as, a tubulose flower.

2. Containing, or consisting of, small tubes; specifically (Bot.), composed wholly of tubulous florets; as, a tubulous compound flower.

Tubulous boiler, a steam boiler composed chiefly of tubes containing water and surrounded by flame and hot gases; — sometimes distinguished from tubular boiler.

Tu"bu*lure (?), n. [Cf. F. tubulure.] (Chem.) A short tubular opening at the top of a retort, or at the top or side of a bottle; a tubulation.

Tu*can" (?), n. (Zoöl.) The Mexican pocket gopher (Geomys Mexicanus). It resembles the common pocket gopher of the Western United States, but is larger. Called also tugan, and tuza.

Tu"cet (?), n. See Tucket, a steak. [Obs.]

Tuch (?), n. [See Touchstone.] A dark-colored kind of marble; touchstone. [Obs.] Sir J. Harrington.

Tuck (?), n. [F. estoc; cf. It. stocco; both of German origin, and akin to E. stock. See Stock.] A long, narrow sword; a rapier. [Obs.] Shak.

He wore large hose, and a tuck, as it was then called, or rapier, of tremendous length.

Sir W. Scot.

Tuck, n. [Cf. Tocsin.] The beat of a drum. Scot.

Tuck, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tucked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tucking.] [OE. tukken, LG. tukken to pull up, tuck up, entice; akin to OD. tocken to entice, G. zucken to draw with a short and quick motion, and E. tug. See Tug.] 1. To draw up; to shorten; to fold under; to press into a narrower compass; as, to tuck the bedclothes in; to tuck up one's sleeves.

2. To make a tuck or tucks in; as, to tuck a dress.

3. To inclose; to put within; to press into a close place; as, to tuck a child into a bed; to tuck a book under one's arm, or into a pocket.

4. [Perhaps originally, to strike, beat: cf. F. toquer to touch. Cf. Tocsin.] To full, as cloth. [Prov. Eng.]

Tuck, v. i. To contract; to draw together. [Obs.]

Tuck, n. 1. A horizontal sewed fold, such as is made in a garment, to shorten it; a plait.

2. A small net used for taking fish from a larger one; — called also tuck-net.

3. A pull; a lugging. [Obs.] See Tug. Life of A. Wood.

4. (Naut.) The part of a vessel where the ends of the bottom planks meet under the stern.

5. Food; pastry; sweetmeats. [Slang] T. Hughes.

Tuck"a*hoe (?), n. [North American Indian, bread.] (Bot.) A curious vegetable production of the Southern Atlantic United States, growing under ground like a truffle and often attaining immense size. The real nature is unknown. Called also Indian bread, and Indian loaf.

Tuck"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, tucks; specifically, an instrument with which tuck are made.

2. A narrow piece of linen or the like, folded across the breast, or attached to the gown at the neck, forming a part of a woman's dress in the 17th century and later.

3. [See Tuck, v. t., 4.] A fuller. [Prov. Eng.]

Tuck"er, v. t. To tire; to weary; — usually with out. [Colloq. U. S.]

Tuck"et (?), n. [It toccata a prelude, fr. toccare to touch. See Toccata, Touch.] A slight flourish on a trumpet; a fanfare. [Obs.]

Tucket sonance, the sound of the tucket. [Obs.]

Let the trumpets sound The tucket sonance and the note to mount.

Shak.

Tuck"et, n. [Cf. It. tocchetto a ragout of fish, meat, fr. tocco a bit, morsel, LL. tucetum, tuccetum, a thick gravy.] A steak; a collop. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

Tuck"-net` (?), n. See Tuck, n., 2.

||Tu"cum (?), n. [So called by the Indians of Brazil.] A fine, strong ||fiber obtained from the young leaves of a Brazilian palm (Astrocaryum ||vulgare), used for cordage, bowstrings, etc.; also, the plant ||yielding this fiber. Called also tecum, and tecum fiber. || ||Tu*cu"ma (?), n. (Bot.) A Brazilian palm (Astrocaryum Tucuma) which ||furnishes an edible fruit. || Tu"dor (?), a. Of or pertaining to a royal line of England, descended from Owen Tudor of Wales, who married the widowed queen of Henry V. The first reigning Tudor was Henry VII.; the last, Elizabeth.

Tudor style (Arch.), the latest development of Gothic architecture in England, under the Tudors, characterized by flat four-centered arches, shallow moldings, and a profusion of paneling on the walls.

Tu"e (?), n. (Zoöl.) The parson bird.

Tue"fall (?), n. (Arch.) See To-fall. [Eng.]

Tue"-i`ron (?), n. See Tuyère.

Tue"-i`rons, n. pl. A pair of blacksmith's tongs.

Tues"day (tz"d; 48), n. [OE. Tewesday, AS. Tiwes dæg the day of Tiw the god of war; akin to OHG. Zio, Icel. Tr, L. Jupiter, Gr. Zey`s;, cf. OHG. Ziostac Tuesday, G. Dienstag, Icel. Tsdagr. √244. See Deity, Day, and cf. Jovial.] The third day of the week, following Monday and preceding Wednesday.

Tu"et (?), n. (Zoöl.) The lapwing. [Prov. Eng.]

Tu"fa (?), [It. fufo soft, sandy stone, L. tofus, tophus. Cf. Tofus, Toph, and Tophin.] (Min.) (a) A soft or porous stone formed by depositions from water, usually calcareous; — called also calcareous tufa. (b) A friable volcanic rock or conglomerate, formed of consolidated cinders, or scoria.

Tu*fa"ceous (?), a. [Cf. It. tufaceo, L. tofaceus, tofacius. See Tufa.] (Min.) Pertaining to tufa; consisting of, or resembling, tufa.

Tuff (?), n. (Min.) Same as Tufa.

Tuf*foon" (?), n. See Typhoon. [R.]

Tuft (?), n. [Prov. E. tuff, F. touffe; of German origin; cf. G. zopf a weft of hair, pigtail, top of a tree. See Top summit.] 1. A collection of small, flexible, or soft things in a knot or bunch; a waving or bending and spreading cluster; as, a tuft of flowers or feathers.

2. A cluster; a clump; as, a tuft of plants.

Under a tuft of shade.

Milton.

Green lake, and cedar fuft, and spicy glade.

Keble.

3. A nobleman, or person of quality, especially in the English universities; — so called from the tuft, or gold tassel, on the cap worn by them. [Cant, Eng.]

Several young tufts, and others of the faster men.

T. Hughes.

Tuft, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tufted; p. pr. & vb. n. Tufting.] 1. To separate into tufts.

2. To adorn with tufts or with a tuft. Thomson.

Tuft, v. i. To grow in, or form, a tuft or tufts.

Tuf-taf"fe*ta (?), n. A silk fabric formerly in use, having a nap or pile. [Written also tuft- taffeta.]

Tuft"ed (?), a. 1. Adorned with a tuft; as, the tufted duck.

2. Growing in tufts or clusters; tufty.

The tufted crowtoe, and pale jessamine.

Milton.

Tufted trees and springing corn.

Pope.

Tufted duck (Zoöl.), the ring-necked duck. [Local, U. S.]

Tuft"hunt`er (?), n. A hanger-on to noblemen, or persons of quality, especially in English universities; a toady. See 1st Tuft, 3. [Cant, Eng.] Halliwell.

Tuft"hunt`ing, n. The practice of seeking after, and hanging on, noblemen, or persons of quality, especially in English universities. [Cant, Eng.]

Tuft"y (?), a. 1. Abounding with tufts.

Both in the tufty frith and in the mossy fell.

Drayton.

2. Growing in tufts or clusters.

Where tufty daisies nod at every gale.

W. Browne.

Tug (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tugged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tugging.] [OE. toggen; akin to OD. tocken to entice, G. zucken to jerk, draw, Icel. toga to draw, AS. téon, p. p. togen, to draw, G. ziehen, OHG. ziohan, Goth. tiuhan, L. ducere to lead, draw. Cf. Duke, Team, Tie, v. t., Touch, Tow, v. t., Tuck to press in, Toy a plaything.] 1. To pull or draw with great effort; to draw along with continued exertion; to haul along; to tow; as, to tug a loaded cart; to tug a ship into port.

There sweat, there strain, tug the laborious oar.

Roscommon.

2. To pull; to pluck. [Obs.]

To ease the pain, His tugged cars suffered with a strain.

Hudibras.

Tug, v. i. 1. To pull with great effort; to strain in labor; as, to tug at the oar; to tug against the stream.

He tugged, he shook, till down they came.

Milton.

2. To labor; to strive; to struggle.

England now is left To tug and scamble and to part by the teeth The unowed interest of proud-swelling state.

Shak.

Tug, n. 1. A pull with the utmost effort, as in the athletic contest called tug of war; a supreme effort.

At the tug he falls, Vast ruins come along, rent from the smoking walls.

Dryden.

2. A sort of vehicle, used for conveying timber and heavy articles. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

3. (Naut.) A small, powerful steamboat used to tow vessels; — called also steam tug, tugboat, and towboat.

4. A trace, or drawing strap, of a harness.

5. (Mining.) An iron hook of a hoisting tub, to which a tackle is affixed.

Tug iron, an iron hook or button to which a tug or trace may be attached, as on the shaft of a wagon.

Tu*gan" (?), n. (Zoöl.) Same as Tucan.

Tug"boat` (?), n. See Tug, n., 3.

Tug"ger (?), n. One who tugs.

Tug"ging*ly (?), adv. In a tugging manner; with laborious pulling.

Tuille (twl), n. [Cf. F. tuile a tile.] In plate armor, a suspended plate in front of the thigh. See Illust. of Tasses.

Tu*i"tion (?), n. [L. tuitio protection, guarding, from tueri, p. p. tuitus, to see, watch, protect: cf. F. tuition. Cf. Tutor.] 1. Superintending care over a young person; the particular watch and care of a tutor or guardian over his pupil or ward; guardianship.

2. Especially, the act, art, or business of teaching; instruction; as, children are sent to school for tuition; his tuition was thorough.

3. The money paid for instruction; the price or payment for instruction.

Tu*i"tion*a*ry (?), a. Of or pertaining to tuition.

Tu"ko-tu*ko (?), n. [From the native name .] (Zoöl.) A burrowing South American rodent (Ctenomys Braziliensis). It has small eyes and ears and a short tail. It resembles the pocket gopher in size, form, and habits, but is more nearly allied to the porcupines. [Written also tucu-tuco.]

Tu"la met`al (?). An alloy of silver, copper, and lead made at Tula in Russia. [Written also toola metal.]

Tu"le (?), n. [Mex.] (Bot.) A large bulrush (Scirpus lacustris, and S. Tatora) growing abundantly on overflowed land in California and elsewhere.

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Tu"lip (?), n. [F. tulipe, OF. also tulipan, It. tulipano, tulipa, from Turk. tulbend, dulbend, literally, a turban, Per. dulband; - - so called from the resemblance of the form of this flower to a turban. See Turban.] (Bot.) Any plant of the liliaceous genus Tulipa. Many varieties are cultivated for their beautiful, often variegated flowers.

Tulip tree. (a) A large American tree bearing tuliplike flowers. See Liriodendron. (b) A West Indian malvaceous tree (Paritium, or Hibiscus, tiliaceum).

Tu"lip-eared` (?), a. (Zoöl.) Having erect, pointed ears; prick-eared; — said of certain dogs.

Tu"lip*ist, n. A person who is especially devoted to the cultivation of tulips. Sir T. Browne.

Tu`lip*o*ma"ni*a (?), n. [Tulip + mania.] A violent passion for the acquisition or cultivation of tulips; — a word said by Beckman to have been coined by Menage.

In Holland, in the first half of the 17th century, the cultivation of tulips became a mania. It began about the year 1634, and, like a violent epidemic, seized upon all classes of the community, leading to disasters and misery such as the records of commerce or of bankruptcies can scarcely parallel. In 1636, tulip marts had been established in Amsterdam, Rotterdam, Haarlem, Leyden, and various other towns, where tulip bulbs were sold and resold in the same manner as stocks are on the Stock Exchange of London. Baird.

Tu`lip*o*ma"ni*ac (?), n. One who is affected with tulipomania.

Tu"lip-shell` (?), n. (Zoöl.) A large, handsomely colored, marine univalve shell (Fasciolaria tulipa) native of the Southern United States. The name is sometimes applied also to other species of Fasciolaria.

Tu"lip*wood` (?), n. The beautiful rose- colored striped wood of a Brazilian tree (Physocalymna floribunda), much used by cabinetmakers for inlaying.

Queensland tulipwood, the variegated wood of an Australian sapindaceous tree (Harpullia pendula). J. Smith (Dict. Econ. Plants).

Tull (?), v. t. [OE. tullen. See Tole.] To allure; to tole. [Obs.]

With empty hands men may no hawkes tull.

Chaucer.

Tulle (?), n. [F.; — so called from the town of Tulle, in France.] A kind of silk lace or light netting, used for veils, etc.

Tul"li*an (?), a. [L. Tullianus, from Tullius, the name of a Roman gens.] Belonging to, or in the style of, Tully (Marcus Tullius Cicero).

Tul"li*bee (?), n. (Zoöl.) A whitefish (Coregonus tullibee) found in the Great Lakes of North America; — called also mongrel whitefish.

Tum"ble (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tumbled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tumbling (?).] [OE. tumblen, AS. tumbian to turn heels over head, to dance violently; akin to D. tuimelen to fall, Sw. tumla, Dan. tumle, Icel. tumba; and cf. G. taumeln to reel, to stagger.] 1. To roll over, or to and fro; to throw one's self about; as, a person on pain tumbles and tosses.

2. To roll down; to fall suddenly and violently; to be precipitated; as, to tumble from a scaffold.

He who tumbles from a tower surely has a greater blow than he who slides from a molehill.

South.

3. To play tricks by various movements and contortions of the body; to perform the feats of an acrobat. Rowe.

To tumble home (Naut.), to incline inward, as the sides of a vessel, above the bends or extreme breadth; — used esp. in the phrase tumbling home. Cf. Wall-sided.

Tum"ble, v. t. 1. To turn over; to turn or throw about, as for examination or search; to roll or move in a rough, coarse, or unceremonious manner; to throw down or headlong; to precipitate; — sometimes with over, about, etc.; as, to tumble books or papers.

2. To disturb; to rumple; as, to tumble a bed.

Tum"ble, n. Act of tumbling, or rolling over; a fall.

Tum"ble*bug` (?), n. See Tumbledung.

Tum"ble-down` (?), a. Ready to fall; dilapidated; ruinous; as, a tumble-down house. [Colloq.]

Tum"ble*dung` (?), n. (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of scaraboid beetles belonging to Scarabæus, Copris, Phanæus, and allied genera. The female lays her eggs in a globular mass of dung which she rolls by means of her hind legs to a burrow excavated in the earth in which she buries it.

Tum"bler (?), n. 1. One who tumbles; one who plays tricks by various motions of the body; an acrobat.

2. A movable obstruction in a lock, consisting of a lever, latch, wheel, slide, or the like, which must be adjusted to a particular position by a key or other means before the bolt can be thrown in locking or unlocking.

3. (Firearms) A piece attached to, or forming part of, the hammer of a gunlock, upon which the mainspring acts and in which are the notches for sear point to enter.

4. A drinking glass, without a foot or stem; — so called because originally it had a pointed or convex base, and could not be set down with any liquor in it, thus compelling the drinker to finish his measure.

5. (Zoöl.) A variety of the domestic pigeon remarkable for its habit of tumbling, or turning somersaults, during its flight.

6. (Zoöl.) A breed of dogs that tumble when pursuing game. They were formerly used in hunting rabbits.

7. A kind of cart; a tumbrel. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

Tum"bler*ful (?), n.; pl. Tumblerfuls (&?;). As much as a tumbler will hold; enough to fill a tumbler.

Tum"ble*weed` (?), n. (Bot.) Any plant which habitually breaks away from its roots in the autumn, and is driven by the wind, as a light, rolling mass, over the fields and prairies; as witch grass, wild indigo, Amarantus albus, etc.

Tum"bling (?), a. & vb. n. from Tumble, v.

Tumbling barrel. Same as Rumble, n., 4. — Tumbling bay, an overfall, or weir, in a canal.

{ Tum"brel (?), Tum"bril (?), } n. [OF. tomberel, F. tombereau, fr. tomber to fall, to tumble; of Teutonic origin. Cf. Tumble.] 1. A cucking stool for the punishment of scolds.

2. A rough cart. Tusser. Tatler.

3. (Mil.) A cart or carriage with two wheels, which accompanies troops or artillery, to convey the tools of pioneers, cartridges, and the like.

4. A kind of basket or cage of osiers, willows, or the like, to hold hay and other food for sheep. [Eng.]

Tu`me*fac"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. tuméfaction.] The act or process of tumefying, swelling, or rising into a tumor; a swelling. Arbuthnot.

Tu"me*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tumefied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tumefying.] [F. tuméfier, fr. L. tumere to swell + -ficare (in comp.) to make; cf. L. tumefacere to tumefy. See Tumid, and -fy.] To swell; to cause to swell, or puff up.

To swell, tumefy, stiffen, not the diction only, but the tenor of the thought.

De Quincey.

Tu"me*fy, v. i. To rise in a tumor; to swell.

Tu"mid (?), a. [L. tumidus, fr. tumere to swell; cf. Skr. tumra strong, fat. Cf. Thumb.] 1. Swelled, enlarged, or distended; as, a tumid leg; tumid flesh.

2. Rising above the level; protuberant.

So high as heaved the tumid hills.

Milton.

3. Swelling in sound or sense; pompous; puffy; inflated; bombastic; falsely sublime; turgid; as, a tumid expression; a tumid style.

— Tu"mid*ly, adv. — Tu"mid*ness, n.

Tu*mid"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being tumid.

Tum"mals (?), n. (Mining) A great quantity or heap. Weale.

Tu"mor (?), n. [L., fr. tumere to swell: cf. F. tumeúr. See Tumid.] 1. (Med.) A morbid swelling, prominence, or growth, on any part of the body; especially, a growth produced by deposition of new tissue; a neoplasm.

2. Affected pomp; bombast; swelling words or expressions; false magnificence or sublimity. [R.]

Better, however, to be a flippant, than, by a revolting form of tumor and perplexity, to lead men into habits of intellect such as result from the modern vice of English style.

De Quincey.

Encysted tumor, a tumor which is inclosed in a membrane called a cyst, connected with the surrounding parts by the neighboring cellular substance. — Fatty tumor. See under Fatty. — Innocent tumor, or Benign tumor, one which does not of itself threaten life, and does not usually tend to recur after extirpation. — Malignant tumor, a tumor which tends continually to spread, to become generalized in different parts of the body, and to recur after extirpation, and which, if left to itself, causes death.

Tu"mored (?), a. Distended; swelled. [R.] "His tumored breast." R. Junius.

Tu"mor*ous (?), a. [L. tumorosus inflated.]

1. Swelling; protuberant. [R.] Sir H. Wotton.

2. Inflated; bombastic. [R.] B. Jonson.

Tump (?), n. [W. twmp, twm, a round mass or heap, a hillock.] A little hillock; a knoll. Ainsworth.

Tump, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tumped (?; 215); p. pr. & vb. n. Tumping.] 1. To form a mass of earth or a hillock about; as, to tump teasel.

2. To draw or drag, as a deer or other animal after it has been killed. [Local, U. S.] Bartlett.

Tump"line` (?), n. A strap placed across a man's forehead to assist him in carrying a pack on his back. [Local, U. S.] Bartlett.

Tum"-tum` (?), n. A dish made in the West Indies by beating boiled plantain quite soft in a wooden mortar.

Tu"mu*lar (?), a. [L. tumulus a mound: cf. F. tumulaire. See Tumulus.] Consisting in a heap; formed or being in a heap or hillock. Pinkerton.

Tu"mu*late (?), v. t. [L. tumulatus, p. p. of tumulare to tumulate. See Tumulus.] To cover, as a corpse, with a mound or tomb; to bury. [Obs.]

Tu"mu*late, v. i. To swell. [Obs.] Wilkins.

Tu"mu*lose` (?), a. Tumulous. [R.] Bailey.

Tu`mu*los"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being tumulous; hilliness. [R.] Bailey.

Tu"mu*lous (?), a. [L. tumulosus, fr. tumulus a mound.] Full of small hills or mounds; hilly; tumulose. [R.] Bailey.

Tu"mult (?), n. [L. tumultus; probably akin to Skr. tumula noise, noisy, and perhaps to L. tumere to swell, E. tumid: cf. F. tumulte.] 1. The commotion or agitation of a multitude, usually accompanied with great noise, uproar, and confusion of voices; hurly-burly; noisy confusion.

What meaneth the noise of this tumult ?

1 Sam. iv. 14.

Till in loud tumult all the Greeks arose.

Pope.

2. Violent commotion or agitation, with confusion of sounds; as, the tumult of the elements. Addison.

3. Irregular or confused motion; agitation; high excitement; as, the tumult of the spirits or passions.

Syn. — Uproar; ferment; disturbance; turbulence; disorder; confusion; noise; bluster; hubbub; bustle; stir; brawl; riot.

Tu"mult (?), v. i. To make a tumult; to be in great commotion. [Obs.]

Importuning and tumulting even to the fear of a revolt.

Milton.

Tu"mult*er (?), n. A maker of tumults. [Obs.]

He severely punished the tumulters.

Milton.

Tu*mul"tu*a*ri*ly (?), adv. In a tumultuary manner.

Tu*mul"tu*a*ri*ness, n. The quality or state of being tumultuary.

Tu*mul"tu*a*ry (?), a. [L. tumultuarius: cf. F. tumultuaire.] 1. Attended by, or producing, a tumult; disorderly; promiscuous; confused; tumultuous. "A tumultuary conflict." Eikon Basilike.

A tumultuary attack of the Celtic peasantry.

Macaulay.

Sudden flight or tumultuary skirmish.

De Quincey.

2. Restless; agitated; unquiet.

Men who live without religion live always in a tumultuary and restless state.

Atterbury.

Tu*mul"tu*ate (?), v. i. [L. tumultuatus, p. p. of tumultuari to make a tumult.] To make a tumult. [Obs.] "He will murmur and tumultuate." South.

Tu*mul`tu*a"tion (?), n. [L. tumultuatio.] Irregular or disorderly movement; commotion; as, the tumultuation of the parts of a fluid. [Obs.] Boyle.

Tu*mul"tu*ous (?), a. [L. tumultuosus: cf. F. tumultueux.] 1. Full of tumult; characterized by tumult; disorderly; turbulent.

The flight became wild and tumultuous.

Macaulay.

2. Conducted with disorder; noisy; confused; boisterous; disorderly; as, a tumultuous assembly or meeting.

3. Agitated, as with conflicting passions; disturbed.

His dire attempt, which, nigh the birth Now rolling, boils in his tumultuous breast.

Milton.

4. Turbulent; violent; as, a tumultuous speech.

Syn. — Disorderly; irregular; noisy; confused; turbulent; violent; agitated; disturbed; boisterous; lawless; riotous; seditious.

— Tu*mul"tu*ous*ly, adv. — Tu*mul"tu*ous*ness, n.

||Tu"mu*lus (?), n.; pl. Tumuli (#). [L., a mound, a sepulchral mound, ||probably from tumere to swell. Cf. Tumid.] An artificial hillock, ||especially one raised over a grave, particularly over the graves of ||persons buried in ancient times; a barrow. || Tun (?), n. [AS. tunne. See Ton a weight.] 1. A large cask; an oblong vessel bulging in the middle, like a pipe or puncheon, and girt with hoops; a wine cask.

2. (Brewing) A fermenting vat.

3. A certain measure for liquids, as for wine, equal to two pipes, four hogsheads, or 252 gallons. In different countries, the tun differs in quantity.

4. (Com.) A weight of 2,240 pounds. See Ton. [R.]

5. An indefinite large quantity. Shak.

A tun of man in thy large bulk is writ.

Dryden.

6. A drunkard; — so called humorously, or in contempt.

7. (Zoöl.) Any shell belonging to Dolium and allied genera; — called also tun-shell.

Tun, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tunned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tunning.] To put into tuns, or casks. Boyle.

Tu"na (?), n. (Bot.) The Opuntia Tuna. See Prickly pear, under Prickly.

Tu"na, n. [Cf. Tunny.] (Zoöl.) (a) The tunny. (b) The bonito, 2.

Tun"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being tuned, or made harmonious; hence, harmonious; musical; tuneful. — Tun"a*ble*ness, n. — Tun"a*bly, adv.

And tunable as sylvan pipe or song.

Milton.

Tun"-bel`lied (?), a. Having a large, protuberant belly, or one shaped like a tun; pot-bellied.

Tun"-dish` (?), n. A tunnel. [Obs.] Shak.

||Tun"dra (?), n. [Russ., from a native name.] A rolling, marshy, mossy ||plain of Northern Siberia. || Tune (?), n. [A variant of tone.] 1. A sound; a note; a tone. "The tune of your voices." Shak.

2. (Mus.) (a) A rhythmical, melodious, symmetrical series of tones for one voice or instrument, or for any number of voices or instruments in unison, or two or more such series forming parts in harmony; a melody; an air; as, a merry tune; a mournful tune; a slow tune; a psalm tune. See Air. (b) The state of giving the proper, sound or sounds; just intonation; harmonious accordance; pitch of the voice or an instrument; adjustment of the parts of an instrument so as to harmonize with itself or with others; as, the piano, or the organ, is not in tune.

Like sweet bells jangled, out of tune and harsh.

Shak.

3. Order; harmony; concord; fit disposition, temper, or humor; right mood.

A child will learn three times as much when he is in tune, as when he . . . is dragged unwillingly to [his task].

Locke.

Tune, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tuned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tuning.] 1. To put into a state adapted to produce the proper sounds; to harmonize, to cause to be in tune; to correct the tone of; as, to tune a piano or a violin. " Tune your harps." Dryden.

<! p. 1551 !>

2. To give tone to; to attune; to adapt in style of music; to make harmonious.

For now to sorrow must I tune my song.

Milton.

3. To sing with melody or harmony.

Fountains, and ye, that warble, as ye flow, Melodious murmurs, warbling tune his praise.

Milton.

4. To put into a proper state or disposition. Shak.

Tune (?), v. i. 1. To form one sound to another; to form accordant musical sounds.

Whilst tuning to the water's fall, The small birds sang to her.

Drayton.

2. To utter inarticulate harmony with the voice; to sing without pronouncing words; to hum. [R.]

Tune"ful (?), a. Harmonious; melodious; musical; as, tuneful notes. " Tuneful birds." Milton. — Tune"ful*ly, adv. — Tune"ful*ness, n.

Tune"less, a. 1. Without tune; inharmonious; unmusical. " Thy tuneless serenade." Cowley.

How often have I led thy sportive choir, With tuneless pipe, beside the murmuring Loire!

Goldsmith.

2. Not employed in making music; as, tuneless harps.

3. Not expressed in music or poetry; unsung. [R.]

Tun"er (?), n. One who tunes; especially, one whose occupation is to tune musical instruments.

Tun"-great` (?), a. Having the circumference of a tun. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Tung"state (?), n. [Cf. F. tungstate.] (Chem.) A salt of tungstic acid; a wolframate.

Tung"sten (?), n. [Sw. tungsten (cf. Dan. tungsteen, G. tungstein); tung heavy (akin to Dan. tung, Icel. þungr) + sten stone. See Stone.] 1. (Chem.) A rare element of the chromium group found in certain minerals, as wolfram and scheelite, and isolated as a heavy steel-gray metal which is very hard and infusible. It has both acid and basic properties. When alloyed in small quantities with steel, it greatly increases its hardness. Symbol W (Wolframium). Atomic weight, 183.6. Specific gravity, 18.

2. (Min.) Scheelite, or calcium tungstate. [Obs.]

Tungsten ocher, or Tungstic ocher (Min.), tungstate.

Tung*sten"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to tungsten; containing tungsten; as, tungstenic ores. [R.]

Tung"stic (?), a. (Chem.) Of or pertaining to tungsten; derived from, or resembling, tungsten; wolframic; as, tungstic oxide.

Tungstic acid, an acid of tungsten, H2WO4, analogous to sulphuric and chromic acids.

Tung"stite (?), n. (Min.) The oxide of tungsten, a yellow mineral occurring in a pulverulent form. It is often associated with wolfram.

Tun*gus"es (?), n. pl. (Ethnol.) A group of roving Turanian tribes occupying Eastern Siberia and the Amoor valley. They resemble the Mongols. [Written also Tungooses.]

Tun*gus"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to the Tunguses; as, the Tungusic dialects.

Tun"hoof` (?), n. [Cf. Aleboof.] (Bot.) Ground ivy; alehoof.

Tu"nic (?), n. [L. tunica: cf. F. tunique.]

1. (Rom. Antiq.) An under-garment worn by the ancient Romans of both sexes. It was made with or without sleeves, reached to or below the knees, and was confined at the waist by a girdle.

2. Any similar garment worm by ancient or Oriental peoples; also, a common name for various styles of loose-fitting under- garments and over-garments worn in modern times by Europeans and others.

3. (R. C. Ch.) Same as Tunicle.

4. (Anat.) A membrane, or layer of tissue, especially when enveloping an organ or part, as the eye.

5. (Bot.) A natural covering; an integument; as, the tunic of a seed.

6. (Zoöl.) See Mantle, n., 3 (a).

Tu"ni*ca*ry (?), n.; pl. Tunicaries (#). [L. tunica a tunic.] (Zoöl.) One of the Tunicata.

||Tu`ni*ca"ta (?), n. pl. [NL. See Tunicate.] (Zoöl.) A grand division ||of the animal kingdom, intermediate, in some respects, between the ||invertebrates and vertebrates, and by some writers united with the ||latter. They were formerly classed with acephalous mollusks. The body ||is usually covered with a firm external tunic, consisting in part of ||cellulose, and having two openings, one for the entrance and one for ||the exit of water. The pharynx is usually dilated in the form of a ||sac, pierced by several series of ciliated slits, and serves as a ||gill. || Most of the species when mature are firmly attached to foreign substances, but have free-swimming larvæ which are furnished with an elongated tail and somewhat resemble a tadpole. In this state the larva has a urochord and certain other structures resembling some embryonic vertebrates. See Ascidian, Doliolum, Salpa, Urochord, and Illust. of Social ascidian, under Social.

{ Tu"ni*cate (?), Tu"ni*ca`ted (?), } a. [L. tunicatus, p. p. of tunicare to clothe with a tunic, fr. tunica a tunic.] 1. (Bot.) Covered with a tunic; covered or coated with layers; as, a tunicated bulb.

2. (Zoöl.) (a) Having a tunic, or mantle; of or pertaining to the Tunicata. (b) Having each joint buried in the preceding funnel- shaped one, as in certain antennæ of insects.

Tu"ni*cate (?), n. (Zoöl.) One of the Tunicata.

Tu"ni*cin (?), n. (Physiol. Chem.) Animal cellulose; a substance present in the mantle, or tunic, of the Tunicates, which resembles, or is identical with, the cellulose of the vegetable kingdom.

Tu"ni*cle (?), n. [L. tunicula a little tunic, coat, or membrane, dim. of tunica a tunic: cf. OF. tunicle.] 1. A slight natural covering; an integument.

The tunicles that make the ball or apple of the eye.

Holland.

2. (R. C. Ch.) A short, close-fitting vestment worn by bishops under the dalmatic, and by subdeacons.

Tun"ing (?), a. & n. from Tune, v.

Tuning fork (Mus.), a steel instrument consisting of two prongs and a handle, which, being struck, gives a certain fixed tone. It is used for tuning instruments, or for ascertaining the pitch of tunes.

Tunk (?), n. A sharp blow; a thump. [Prov. Eng. or Colloq. U. S.]

Tun"ker (?), n. (Eccl.) Same as Dunker.

Tun"nage (?; 48), n. [From Tun; cf. Tonnage.] See Tonnage.

Tun"nel (?), n. . [F. tonnelle a semicircular, wagon-headed vault, a tunnel net, an arbor, OF. also tonnel; dim. of tonne a tun; — so named from its resemblance to a tun in shape. See Ton.] 1. A vessel with a broad mouth at one end, a pipe or tube at the other, for conveying liquor, fluids, etc., into casks, bottles, or other vessels; a funnel.

2. The opening of a chimney for the passage of smoke; a flue; a funnel.

And one great chimney, whose long tunnel thence The smoke forth threw.

Spenser.

3. An artificial passage or archway for conducting canals or railroads under elevated ground, for the formation of roads under rivers or canals, and the construction of sewers, drains, and the like.

4. (Mining) A level passage driven across the measures, or at right angles to veins which it is desired to reach; — distinguished from the drift, or gangway, which is led along the vein when reached by the tunnel.

Tunnel head (Metal.), the top of a smelting furnace where the materials are put in. — Tunnel kiln, a limekiln in which coal is burned, as distinguished from a flame kiln, in which wood or peat is used. — Tunnel net, a net with a wide mouth at one end and narrow at the other. — Tunnel pit, Tunnel shaft, a pit or shaft sunk from the top of the ground to the level of a tunnel, for drawing up the earth and stones, for ventilation, lighting, and the like.

Tun"nel, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tunneled (&?;) or Tunnelled; p. pr. & vb. n. Tunneling or Tunnelling.]

1. To form into a tunnel, or funnel, or to form like a tunnel; as, to tunnel fibrous plants into nests. Derham.

2. To catch in a tunnel net.

3. To make an opening, or a passageway, through or under; as, to tunnel a mountain; to tunnel a river.

Tun"ny (tn"n), n.; pl. Tunnies (#). [L. thunnus, thynnus, Gr. qy`nnos, qy^nos: cf. It. tonno, F. & Pr. thon.] (Zoöl.) Any one of several species of large oceanic fishes belonging to the Mackerel family, especially the common or great tunny (Orcynus or Albacora thynnus) native of the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. It sometimes weighs a thousand pounds or more, and is extensively caught in the Mediterranean. On the American coast it is called horse mackerel. See Illust. of Horse mackerel, under Horse. [Written also thynny.]

The little tunny (Gymnosarda alletterata) of the Mediterranean and North Atlantic, and the long-finned tunny, or albicore (see Albicore), are related species of smaller size.

Tup (?), v. t. & i. [Probably akin to top summit, head.] 1. To butt, as a ram does. [Prov. Eng.]

2. To cover; — said of a ram. Shak.

Tup, n. (Zoöl.) A ram.

Tu*pai" (t*p"), n. (Zoöl.) Any one of the tupaiids.

Tu*pai"id (?), n. (Zoöl.) Any one of several species of East Indian and Asiatic insectivores of the family Tupaiidæ, somewhat resembling squirrels in size and arboreal habits. The nose is long and pointed.

Tu"pe*lo (?), n. [Tupelo, or tupebo, the native American Indian name.] (Bot.) A North American tree (Nyssa multiflora) of the Dogwood family, having brilliant, glossy foliage and acid red berries. The wood is crossgrained and very difficult to split. Called also black gum, sour gum, and pepperidge.

Largo tupelo, or Tupelo gum (Bot.), an American tree (Nyssa uniflora) with softer wood than the tupelo. — Sour tupelo (Bot.), the Ogeechee lime.

Tup"man (?), n.; pl. Tupmen (&?;). A man who breeds, or deals in tups. [Prov. Eng.]

||Tur (?), n. [Pol.] (Zoöl.) The urus. || Tu"ra*cin (?), n. (Physiol.) (Chem.) A red or crimson pigment obtained from certain feathers of several species of turacou; whence the name. It contains nearly six per cent of copper.

Tu*ra"cou (?), n. [Cf. F. touraco.] (Zoöl.) Any one of several species of plantain eaters of the genus Turacus, native of Africa. They are remarkable for the peculiar green and red pigments found in their feathers. [Written also touraco, and touracou.]

Tu*ra`co*ver"din (?), n. [See Turacou, and Verdant.] (Physiol.) (Chem.) A green pigment found in the feathers of the turacou. See Turacin.

Tu*ra"ni*an (?), a. [From Tur, the name, in Persian legendary history, of one of the three brothers from whom sprang the races of mankind.] Of, pertaining to, or designating, an extensive family of languages of simple structure and low grade (called also Altaic, Ural-Altaic, and Scythian), spoken in the northern parts of Europe and Asia and Central Asia; of pertaining to, or designating, the people who speak these languages.

Tu*ra"ni*an (?), n. One of the Turanians.

Tu*ra"ni*ans (?), n. pl. (Ethnol.) (a) An extensive division of mankind including the Mongols and allied races of Asia, together with the Malays and Polynesians. (b) A group of races or tribes inhabiting Asia and closely related to the Mongols.

Tu"ratt (?), n. (Zoöl.) The hare kangaroo.

Tur"ban (?), n. [OE. turband, turbant, tolibant, F. turban, It. turbante, Turk. tulbend, dulbend, fr. Per. dulband. Cf. Tulip.] 1. A headdress worn by men in the Levant and by most Mohammedans of the male sex, consisting of a cap, and a sash, scarf, or shawl, usually of cotton or linen, wound about the cap, and sometimes hanging down the neck.

2. A kind of headdress worn by women.

3. (Zoöl.) The whole set of whorls of a spiral shell.

Tur"band (?), n. A turban. Balfour (Cyc. of Ind.).

Tur"baned (?), a. Wearing a turban. " A malignant and a turbaned Turk." Shak.

Tur"ban-shell` (?), n. (Zoöl.) A sea urchin when deprived of its spines; — popularly so called from a fancied resemblance to a turban.

Tur"bant (?), n. A turban. [Obs.] Milton.

I see the Turk nodding with his turbant.

Howell.

Tur"ban-top` (?), n. (Bot.) A kind of fungus with an irregularly wrinkled, somewhat globular pileus (Helvella, or Gyromitra, esculenta.).

Tur"ba*ry (?), n.; pl. Turbaries (#). [LL. turbaria a place for digging peat, from turba peat. See Turf.] (Eng. Law) A right of digging turf on another man's land; also, the ground where turf is dug.

||Tur`bel*la"ri*a (?), n. pl. [NL., dim. fr. L. turbo a whirling.] ||(Zoöl.) An extensive group of worms which have the body covered ||externally with vibrating cilia. It includes the Rhabdocœla and ||Dendrocœla. Formerly, the nemerteans were also included in this group. || Tur`bel*la"ri*an (?), n. (Zoöl.) One of the Turbellaria. Also used adjectively.

Tur"beth (?), n. See Turpeth.

Tur"bid (?), a. [L. turbidus, from turba tumult, disturbance, akin to turbare to disturb. See Trouble, and cf. Disturb, Perturb.] 1. Having the lees or sediment disturbed; roiled; muddy; thick; not clear; — used of liquids of any kind; as, turbid water; turbid wine.

On that strong, turbid water, a small boat, Guided by one weak hand, was seen to float.

Whittier.

2. Disturbed; confused; disordered. " Such turbid intervals that use to attend close prisoners." Howell.

Tur*bid"i*ty (?), n. Turbidness.

Tur"bid*ly (?), adv. 1. In a turbid manner; with muddiness or confusion.

2. Proudly; haughtily. [A Latinism. R.]

One of great merit turbidly resents them.

Young.

Tur"bid*ness, n. The quality or state of being turbid; muddiness; foulness.

Tur*bil"lion (?), n. [F. tourbillon, from L. turbo a whirl.] A whirl; a vortex. Spectator.

Tur`bi*na"ceous (?), a. [See Turbary.] Of or pertaining to peat, or turf; of the nature of peat, or turf; peaty; turfy. Sir. W. Scott.

Tur"bi*nal (?), a. [L. turbo, turben, -inis, a top, whirl.] (Anat.) Rolled in a spiral; scroll-like; turbinate; — applied to the thin, plicated, bony or cartilaginous plates which support the olfactory and mucous membranes of the nasal chambers.

There are usually several of these plates in each nasal chamber. The upper ones, connected directly with the ethmoid bone, are called ethmoturbinals, and the lower, connected with the maxillæ, maxillo-turbinals. Incurved portions of the wall of the nasal chamber are sometimes called pseudoturbinals, to distinguish them from the true turbinals which are free outgrowths into the chambers.

Tur"bi*nal, n. (Anat.) A turbinal bone or cartilage.

Tur"bi*nate (?), v. i. To revolve or spin like a top; to whirl. [R.]

{ Tur"bi*nate (?), Tur"bi*na`ted (?), } a. [L. turbinatus, turbo, turben, -inis, a whirl, top.] 1. Whirling in the manner of a top.

A spiral and turbinated motion of the whole.

Bentley.

2. (Bot.) Shaped like a top, or inverted cone; narrow at the base, and broad at the apex; as, a turbinated ovary, pericarp, or root.

3. (Anat.) Turbinal.

4. (Zoöl.) Spiral with the whorls decreasing rapidly from a large base to a pointed apex; — said of certain shells.

Tur`bi*na"tion (?), n. [Cf. L. tirbinatio a pointing in the form of a cone. See Turbinate.] The act of spinning or whirling, as a top.

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Tur"bine (?), n. [L. turbo, - inis, that which spins or whirls round, whirl.] A water wheel, commonly horizontal, variously constructed, but usually having a series of curved floats or buckets, against which the water acts by its impulse or reaction in flowing either outward from a central chamber, inward from an external casing, or from above downward, etc.; — also called turbine wheel.

In some turbines, the water is supplied to the wheel from below, instead of above. Turbines in which the water flows in a direction parallel to the axis are called parallel-flow turbines.

||Tur`bi*nel"la (?), n. [NL., dim. fr. L. turbo, -inis, a top.] (Zoöl.) ||A genus of large marine gastropods having a thick heavy shell with ||conspicuous folds on the columella. || Tur"bi*nite (?), n. [NL. Turbo, the generic name, fr. L. turbo a whirl, top: cf. F. turbinite.] (Paleon.) A petrified shell resembling the genus Turbo. [R.]

Tur"bi*noid (?), a. [See Turbo, and -oid.] (Zoöl.) Like or pertaining to Turbo or the family Turbinidæ.

Tur"bit (?), n. [Cf. Turbot.]

1. (Zoöl.) The turbot.

2. (Zoöl.) A variety of the domestic pigeon, remarkable for its short beak.

Tur"bite (?), n. (Paleon.) A fossil turbo.

Tur"bith (?), n. [F., fr. Per. See Turpeth.] See Turpeth.

Tur"bo (?), n. [L. turbo, - inis, a top. See Turbine.] (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous marine gastropods of the genus Turbo or family Turbinidæ, usually having a turbinate shell, pearly on the inside, and a calcareous operculum.

Tur"bot (?), n. [F.; — probably so named from its shape, and from L. turbo a top, a whirl.] (Zoöl.) (a) A large European flounder (Rhombus maximus) highly esteemed as a food fish. It often weighs from thirty to forty pounds. Its color on the upper side is brownish with small roundish tubercles scattered over the surface. The lower, or blind, side is white. Called also bannock fluke. (b) Any one of numerous species of flounders more or less related to the true turbots, as the American plaice, or summer flounder (see Flounder), the halibut, and the diamond flounder (Hypsopsetta guttulata) of California. (c) The filefish; — so called in Bermuda. (d) The trigger fish.

Spotted turbot. See Windowpane.

Tur"bu*lence (?), n. [L. turbulentia: cf. F. turbulebce.] The quality or state of being turbulent; a disturbed state; tumult; disorder; agitation. Shak.

The years of . . . warfare and turbulence which ensued.

Southey.

Syn. — Agitation; commotion; tumult; tumultuousness; termagance; unruliness; insubordination; rioting.

Tur"bu*len*cy (?), n. Turbulence.

What a tale of terror now its turbulency tells!

Poe.

Tur"bu*lent (?), a. [L. turbulentus, fr. turba disorder, tumult: cf. F. turbulent. See Turbid.] 1. Disturbed; agitated; tumultuous; roused to violent commotion; as, the turbulent ocean.

Calm region once, And full of peace, now tossed and turbulent.

Milton.

2. Disposed to insubordination and disorder; restless; unquiet; refractory; as, turbulent spirits.

Sagacious, bold, and turbulent of wit.

Dryden.

3. Producing commotion; disturbing; exciting.

Whose heads that turbulent liquor fills with fumes.

Milton.

Syn. — Disturbed; agitated; tumultuous; riotous; seditious; insubordinate; refractory; unquiet.

Tur"bu*lent*ly, adv. In a turbulent manner.

Tur"cism (?), n. A mode of speech peculiar to the Turks; a Turkish idiom or expression; also, in general, a Turkish mode or custom.

Tur"co*man (?), n.; pl. Turcomans (&?;).

1. A member of a tribe of Turanians inhabiting a region east of the Caspian Sea.

2. A Turcoman carpet.

Turcoman carpet or rug, a kind of carpet or rug supposed to be made by the Turcomans.

||Tur`di*for"mes (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. turdus a thrush + forma ||form.] (Zoöl.) A division of singing birds including the thrushes and ||allied kinds. || ||Tur"dus (?), n. [L., a thrush.] (Zoöl.) A genus of singing birds ||including the true thrushes. || Tu*reen" (?), n. [F. terrine, L. terra earth. See Terrace.] A large, deep vessel for holding soup, or other liquid food, at the table. [Written also terreen.]

Tu*reen"ful (?), n.; pl. Tureenfuls (&?;). As much as a tureen can hold; enough to fill a tureen.

Turf (tûrf), n.; pl. Turfs (#), Obs. Turves (#). [AS. turf; akin to D. turf peat, G. torf, OHG. zurba turf, Sw. & Icel. torf turf, peat, Dan. törv, Skr. darbha a kind of grass, a tuft of grass. √242.] 1. That upper stratum of earth and vegetable mold which is filled with the roots of grass and other small plants, so as to adhere and form a kind of mat; sward; sod.

At his head a grass-green turf.

Shak.

The Greek historian sets her in the field on a high heap of turves.

Milton.

2. Peat, especially when prepared for fuel. See Peat.

3. Race course; horse racing; — preceded by the. "We . . . claim the honors of the turf." Cowper.

Turf is often used adjectively, or to form compounds which are generally self-explaining; as, turf ashes, turf cutter or turf-cutter, turf pit or turf-pit, turf-built, turf-clad, turf-covered, etc.

Turf ant (Zoöl.), a small European ant (Formica flava) which makes small ant-hills on heaths and commons. — Turf drain, a drain made with turf or peat. — Turf hedge, a hedge or fence formed with turf and plants of different kinds. — Turf house, a house or shed formed of turf, common in the northern parts of Europe. — Turf moss a tract of turfy, mossy, or boggy land. — Turf spade, a spade for cutting and digging turf, longer and narrower than the common spade.

Turf, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Turfed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Turfing.] To cover with turf or sod; as, to turf a bank, of the border of a terrace. A. Tucker.

Turf"en (?), a. Made of turf; covered with turf.

Turf"i*ness (?), n. Quality or state of being turfy.

Turf"ing, n. The act or process of providing or covering with turf.

Turfing iron, or Turfing spade, an implement for cutting, and paring off, turf.

Turf"ite (?), n. A votary of the turf, or race course; hence, sometimes, a blackleg. [Colloq.] Thackeray.

Turf"less, a. Destitute of turf.

Turf"man (?), n.; pl. Turfmen (&?;). A turfite; a votary of the turf, or race course. [Colloq.]

Turf"y (?), a. [Compar. Turfier (?); superl. Turfiest.] 1. Abounding with turf; made of, or covered with, turf. "The turfy mountains." Shak.

2. Having the nature or appearance of turf.

3. Of or pertaining to the turf, or horse racing.

Tur"gent (?), a. [L. turgens, - entis, p. pr. of turgere to swell.] 1. Rising into a tumor, or a puffy state; swelling; tumid; as, turgent humors.

2. Inflated; bombastic; turgid; pompous.

Recompensed with turgent titles.

Burton.

Tur*gesce" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Turgesced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Turgescing (?).] [L. turgescere, v. incho. fr. turgere to swell.] To become turgid; to swell or be inflated. [R.]

{ Tur*ges"cence (?), Tur*ges"cen*cy (?), } n. [Cf. F. turgescence. See Turgescent.] 1. The act of swelling, or the state of being swollen, or turgescent. Sir T. Browne.

2. Empty magnificence or pompousness; inflation; bombast; turgidity. Johnson.

Tur*ges"cent (?), a. [L. turgescens, -entis, p. pr. of turgescere: cf. F. turgescent. See Turgesce.] Becoming turgid or inflated; swelling; growing big.

Tur"gid (?), a. [L. turgidus, from turgere to swell.] 1. Distended beyond the natural state by some internal agent or expansive force; swelled; swollen; bloated; inflated; tumid; — especially applied to an enlarged part of the body; as, a turgid limb; turgid fruit.

A bladder . . . held near the fire grew turgid.

Boyle.

2. Swelling in style or language; vainly ostentatious; bombastic; pompous; as, a turgid style of speaking.

— Tur"gid*ly (#), adv. — Tur"gid*ness, n.

Tur*gid"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being turgid.

Tur"gid*ous (?), a. Turgid. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

||Tu"ri*o (?), n.; pl. Turiones (#). [L.] (Bot.) A shoot or sprout from ||the ground. Gray. || Tu"ri*ole (?), n. The golden oriole. [Prov. Eng.]

Tu"ri*on (?), n. (Bot.) Same as Turio.

Tu`ri*o*nif"er*ous (?), a. [L. turio a sprout + -ferous.] Producing shoots, as asparagus. Barton.

Turk (?), n. [Per. Turk; probably of Tartar origin: cf. F. Turc.] 1. A member of any of numerous Tartar tribes of Central Asia, etc.; esp., one of the dominant race in Turkey.

2. A native or inhabitant of Turkey.

3. A Mohammedan; esp., one living in Turkey.

It is no good reason for a man's religion that he was born and brought up in it; for then a Turk would have as much reason to be a Turk as a Christian to be a Christian.

Chillingworth.

4. (Zoöl.) The plum weevil. See Curculio, and Plum weevil, under Plum.

Turk's cap. (Bot.) (a) Turk's-cap lily. See under Lily. (b) A tulip. (c) A plant of the genus Melocactus; Turk's head. See Melon cactus, under Melon. — Turk's head. (a) (Naut.) A knot of turbanlike form worked on a rope with a piece of small line. R. H. Dana, Jr. (b) (Bot.) See Turk's cap (c) above. — Turk's turban (Bot.), a plant of the genus Ranunculus; crowfoot.

Tur"keis (?), a. [Cf. Turquoise.] Turkish. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Tur"key (?), n. [Cf. 2d Turkey.] An empire in the southeast of Europe and southwest of Asia.

Turkey carpet, a superior kind of carpet made in Asia Minor and adjoining countries, having a deep pile and composed of pure wool with a weft of different material. It is distinguishable by its coloring and patterns from similar carpets made in India and elsewhere. — Turkey oak. (Bot.) See Cerris. — Turkey red. (a) A brilliant red imparted by madder to cottons, calicoes, etc., the fiber of which has been prepared previously with oil or other fatty matter. (b) Cloth dyed with this red. — Turkey sponge. (Zoöl.) See Toilet sponge, under Sponge. — Turkey stone, a kind of oilstone from Turkey; novaculite; — called also Turkey oilstone.

Tur"key (?), n.; pl. Turkeys (#). [So called because it was formerly erroneously believed that it came originally from Turkey: cf. F. Turquie Turkey. See Turk.] (Zoöl.) Any large American gallinaceous bird belonging to the genus Meleagris, especially the North American wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo), and the domestic turkey, which was probably derived from the Mexican wild turkey, but had been domesticated by the Indians long before the discovery of America.

The Mexican wild turkey is now considered a variety of the northern species (var. Mexicana). Its tall feathers and coverts are tipped with white instead of brownish chestnut, and its flesh is white. The Central American, or ocellated, turkey (M. ocellata) is more elegantly colored than the common species. See under Ocellated. The Australian, or native, turkey is a bustard (Choriotis australis). See under Native.

Turkey beard (Bot.), a name of certain American perennial liliaceous herbs of the genus Xerophyllum. They have a dense tuft of hard, narrowly linear radical leaves, and a long raceme of small whitish flowers. Also called turkey's beard. — Turkey berry (Bot.), a West Indian name for the fruit of certain kinds of nightshade (Solanum mammosum, and S. torvum). — Turkey bird (Zoöl.), the wryneck. So called because it erects and ruffles the feathers of its neck when disturbed. [Prov. Eng.] — Turkey buzzard (Zoöl.), a black or nearly black buzzard (Cathartes aura), abundant in the Southern United States. It is so called because its naked and warty head and neck resemble those of a turkey. Its is noted for its high and graceful flight. Called also turkey vulture. — Turkey cock (Zoöl.), a male turkey. — Turkey hen (Zoöl.), a female turkey. — Turkey pout (Zoöl.), a young turkey. [R.] — Turkey vulture (Zoöl.), the turkey buzzard.

Tur"keys (?), a. Turkish. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Turk"ic (?), a. Turkish.

Tur"kis (?), n. (Min.) Turquois. [Obs.]

Turk"ish (?), a. Of or pertaining to Turkey or the Turks. — n. The language spoken by Turks, esp. that of the people of Turkey. — Turk"ish*ly, adv. — Turk"ish*ness, n.

Turk"ism (?), n. Same as Turcism.

Tur"kle (?), n. A turtle. [Obs. or Illiterate]

Turk"o (?), n.; pl. Turkos (#). [F. turco.] One of a body of native Algerian tirailleurs in the French army, dressed as a Turk. [Written also Turco.]

Tur*kois" (?), n. & a. Turquoise.

Tur"ko*man (?), n.; pl. Turkomans (&?;). Same as Turcoman.

Tur"lu*pin (?), n. [F.] (Fr. Eccl. Hist.) One of the precursors of the Reformation; — a nickname corresponding to Lollard, etc.

Turm (?), n. [L. turma.] A troop; a company. [Obs. or Poetic]

Legions and cohorts, turms of horse and wings.

Milton.

Tur"ma*line (?), n. (Min.) See Tourmaline.

Tur"mer*ic (?), n. [F. terre- mérite, NL. terramerita, turmerica; apparently meaning, excellent earth, but perhaps a corruption of Ar. kurkum. Cf. Curcuma.]

1. (Bot.) An East Indian plant of the genus Curcuma, of the Ginger family.

2. The root or rootstock of the Curcuma longa. It is externally grayish, but internally of a deep, lively yellow or saffron color, and has a slight aromatic smell, and a bitterish, slightly acrid taste. It is used for a dye, a medicine, a condiment, and a chemical test.

Tur"mer*ic, a. (Chem.) Of or pertaining to turmeric; resembling, or obtained from, turmeric; specif., designating an acid obtained by the oxidation of turmerol.

Turmeric paper (Chem.), paper impregnated with turmeric and used as a test for alkaline substances, by which it is changed from yellow to brown. — Turmeric root. (Bot.) (a) Bloodroot. (b) Orangeroot.

Tur"mer*ol (?), n. [Turmeric + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.) Turmeric oil, a brownish yellow, oily substance extracted from turmeric by ligroin.

Tur"moil (?), n. [Of uncertain origin; perhaps fr. OF. tremouille the hopper of a mill, trembler to tremble (cf. E. tremble); influenced by E. turn and moil.] Harassing labor; trouble; molestation by tumult; disturbance; worrying confusion.

And there I'll rest, as after much turmoil, A blessed soul doth in Elysium.

Shak.

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Tur*moil" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Turmoiled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Turmoiling.] To harass with commotion; to disquiet; to worry. [Obs.]

It is her fatal misfortune . . . to be miserably tossed and turmoiled with these storms of affliction.

Spenser.

Tur*moil", v. i. To be disquieted or confused; to be in commotion. [Obs.] Milton.

Turn (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Turned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Turning.] [OE. turnen, tournen, OF. tourner, torner, turner, F. tourner, LL. tornare, fr. L. tornare to turn in a lathe, to rounds off, fr. tornus a lathe, Gr. &?; a turner's chisel, a carpenter's tool for drawing circles; probably akin to E. throw. See Throw, and cf. Attorney, Return, Tornado, Tour, Tournament.] 1. To cause to move upon a center, or as if upon a center; to give circular motion to; to cause to revolve; to cause to move round, either partially, wholly, or repeatedly; to make to change position so as to present other sides in given directions; to make to face otherwise; as, to turn a wheel or a spindle; to turn the body or the head.

Turn the adamantine spindle round.

Milton.

The monarch turns him to his royal guest.

Pope.

2. To cause to present a different side uppermost or outmost; to make the upper side the lower, or the inside to be the outside of; to reverse the position of; as, to turn a box or a board; to turn a coat.

3. To give another direction, tendency, or inclination to; to direct otherwise; to deflect; to incline differently; — used both literally and figuratively; as, to turn the eyes to the heavens; to turn a horse from the road, or a ship from her course; to turn the attention to or from something. "Expert when to advance, or stand, or, turn the sway of battle." Milton.

Thrice I deluded her, and turned to sport Her importunity.

Milton.

My thoughts are turned on peace.

Addison.

4. To change from a given use or office; to divert, as to another purpose or end; to transfer; to use or employ; to apply; to devote.

Therefore he slew him, and turned the kingdom unto David.

1 Chron. x. 14.

God will make these evils the occasion of a greater good, by turning them to advantage in this world.

Tillotson.

When the passage is open, land will be turned most to cattle; when shut, to sheep.

Sir W. Temple.

5. To change the form, quality, aspect, or effect of; to alter; to metamorphose; to convert; to transform; — often with to or into before the word denoting the effect or product of the change; as, to turn a worm into a winged insect; to turn green to blue; to turn prose into verse; to turn a Whig to a Tory, or a Hindu to a Christian; to turn good to evil, and the like.

The Lord thy God will turn thy captivity, and have compassion upon thee.

Deut. xxx. 3.

And David said, O Lord, I pray thee, turn the counsel of Ahithophel into foolishness.

2 Sam. xv. 31.

Impatience turns an ague into a fever.

Jer. Taylor.

6. To form in a lathe; to shape or fashion (anything) by applying a cutting tool to it while revolving; as, to turn the legs of stools or tables; to turn ivory or metal.

I had rather hear a brazen canstick turned.

Shak.

7. Hence, to give form to; to shape; to mold; to put in proper condition; to adapt. "The poet's pen turns them to shapes." Shak.

His limbs how turned, how broad his shoulders spread !

Pope.

He was perfectly well turned for trade.

Addison.

8. Specifically: —

(a) To translate; to construe; as, to turn the Iliad.

Who turns a Persian tale for half a crown.

Pope.

(b) To make acid or sour; to ferment; to curdle, etc.: as, to turn cider or wine; electricity turns milk quickly.

(c) To sicken; to nauseate; as, an emetic turns one's stomach.

To be turned of, be advanced beyond; as, to be turned of sixty-six. — To turn a cold shoulder to, to treat with neglect or indifference. — To turn a corner, to go round a corner. — To turn adrift, to cast off, to cease to care for. — To turn a flange (Mech.), to form a flange on, as around a metal sheet or boiler plate, by stretching, bending, and hammering, or rolling the metal. — To turn against. (a) To direct against; as, to turn one's arguments against himself. (b) To make unfavorable or hostile to; as, to turn one's friends against him. — To turn a hostile army, To turn the enemy's flank, or the like (Mil.), to pass round it, and take a position behind it or upon its side. — To turn a penny, or To turn an honest penny, to make a small profit by trade, or the like. — To turn around one's finger, to have complete control of the will and actions of; to be able to influence at pleasure. — To turn aside, to avert. — To turn away. (a) To dismiss from service; to discard; as, to turn away a servant. (b) To avert; as, to turn away wrath or evil. — To turn back. (a) To give back; to return.

We turn not back the silks upon the merchants, When we have soiled them.

Shak.

(b) To cause to return or retrace one's steps; hence, to drive away; to repel. Shak. — To turn down. (a) To fold or double down. (b) To turn over so as to conceal the face of; as, to turn down cards. (c) To lower, or reduce in size, by turning a valve, stopcock, or the like; as, turn down the lights. — To turn in. (a) To fold or double under; as, to turn in the edge of cloth. (b) To direct inwards; as, to turn the toes in when walking. (c) To contribute; to deliver up; as, he turned in a large amount. [Colloq.] — To turn in the mind, to revolve, ponder, or meditate upon; — with about, over, etc. " Turn these ideas about in your mind." I. Watts. — To turn off. (a) To dismiss contemptuously; as, to turn off a sycophant or a parasite. (b) To give over; to reduce. (c) To divert; to deflect; as, to turn off the thoughts from serious subjects; to turn off a joke. (d) To accomplish; to perform, as work. (e) (Mech.) To remove, as a surface, by the process of turning; to reduce in size by turning. (f) To shut off, as a fluid, by means of a valve, stopcock, or other device; to stop the passage of; as, to turn off the water or the gas. — To turn on, to cause to flow by turning a valve, stopcock, or the like; to give passage to; as, to turn on steam. — To turn one's coat, to change one's uniform or colors; to go over to the opposite party. — To turn one's goods or money, and the like, to exchange in the course of trade; to keep in lively exchange or circulation; to gain or increase in trade. — To turn one's hand to, to adapt or apply one's self to; to engage in. — To turn out. (a) To drive out; to expel; as, to turn a family out of doors; to turn a man out of office.

I'll turn you out of my kingdom.

Shak.

(b) to put to pasture, as cattle or horses. (c) To produce, as the result of labor, or any process of manufacture; to furnish in a completed state. (d) To reverse, as a pocket, bag, etc., so as to bring the inside to the outside; hence, to produce. (e) To cause to cease, or to put out, by turning a stopcock, valve, or the like; as, to turn out the lights. — To turn over. (a) To change or reverse the position of; to overset; to overturn; to cause to roll over. (b) To transfer; as, to turn over business to another hand. (c) To read or examine, as a book, while, turning the leaves. "We turned o'er many books together." Shak. (d) To handle in business; to do business to the amount of; as, he turns over millions a year. [Colloq.] — To turn over a new leaf. See under Leaf. — To turn tail, to run away; to retreat ignominiously. — To turn the back, to flee; to retreat. — To turn the back on or upon, to treat with contempt; to reject or refuse unceremoniously. — To turn the corner, to pass the critical stage; to get by the worst point; hence, to begin to improve, or to succeed. — To turn the die or dice, to change fortune. — To turn the edge or point of, to bend over the edge or point of so as to make dull; to blunt. — To turn the head or brain of, to make giddy, wild, insane, or the like; to infatuate; to overthrow the reason or judgment of; as, a little success turned his head. — To turn the scale or balance, to change the preponderance; to decide or determine something doubtful. — To turn the stomach of, to nauseate; to sicken. — To turn the tables, to reverse the chances or conditions of success or superiority; to give the advantage to the person or side previously at a disadvantage. — To turn tippet, to make a change. [Obs.] B. Jonson. — To turn to profit, advantage, etc., to make profitable or advantageous. — To turn up. (a) To turn so as to bring the bottom side on top; as, to turn up the trump. (b) To bring from beneath to the surface, as in plowing, digging, etc. (c) To give an upward curve to; to tilt; as, to turn up the nose. — To turn upon, to retort; to throw back; as, to turn the arguments of an opponent upon himself. — To turn upside down, to confuse by putting things awry; to throw into disorder.

This house is turned upside down since Robin Ostler died.

Shak.

Turn (?), v. i. 1. To move round; to have a circular motion; to revolve entirely, repeatedly, or partially; to change position, so as to face differently; to whirl or wheel round; as, a wheel turns on its axis; a spindle turns on a pivot; a man turns on his heel.

The gate . . . on golden hinges turning.

Milton.

2. Hence, to revolve as if upon a point of support; to hinge; to depend; as, the decision turns on a single fact.

Conditions of peace certainly turn upon events of war.

Swift.

3. To result or terminate; to come about; to eventuate; to issue.

If we repent seriously, submit contentedly, and serve him faithfully, afflictions shall turn to our advantage.

Wake.

4. To be deflected; to take a different direction or tendency; to be directed otherwise; to be differently applied; to be transferred; as, to turn from the road.

Turn from thy fierce wrath.

Ex. xxxii. 12.

Turn ye, turn ye from your evil ways.

Ezek. xxxiii. 11.

The understanding turns inward on itself, and reflects on its own operations.

Locke.

5. To be changed, altered, or transformed; to become transmuted; also, to become by a change or changes; to grow; as, wood turns to stone; water turns to ice; one color turns to another; to turn Mohammedan.

I hope you have no intent to turn husband.

Shak.

Cygnets from gray turn white.

Bacon.

6. To undergo the process of turning on a lathe; as, ivory turns well.

7. Specifically: —

(a) To become acid; to sour; — said of milk, ale, etc.

(b) To become giddy; — said of the head or brain.

I'll look no more; Lest my brain turn.

Shak.

(c) To be nauseated; — said of the stomach.

(d) To become inclined in the other direction; — said of scales.

(e) To change from ebb to flow, or from flow to ebb; — said of the tide.

(f) (Obstetrics) To bring down the feet of a child in the womb, in order to facilitate delivery.

8. (Print.) To invert a type of the same thickness, as temporary substitute for any sort which is exhausted.

To turn about, to face to another quarter; to turn around. — To turn again, to come back after going; to return. Shak. — To turn against, to become unfriendly or hostile to. — To turn aside or away. (a) To turn from the direct course; to withdraw from a company; to deviate. (b) To depart; to remove. (c) To avert one's face. — To turn back, to turn so as to go in an opposite direction; to retrace one's steps. — To turn in. (a) To bend inward. (b) To enter for lodgings or entertainment. (c) To go to bed. [Colloq.] — To turn into, to enter by making a turn; as, to turn into a side street. — To turn off, to be diverted; to deviate from a course; as, the road turns off to the left. — To turn on or upon. (a) To turn against; to confront in hostility or anger. (b) To reply to or retort. (c) To depend on; as, the result turns on one condition. — To turn out. (a) To move from its place, as a bone. (b) To bend or point outward; as, his toes turn out. (c) To rise from bed. [Colloq.] (d) To come abroad; to appear; as, not many turned out to the fire. (e) To prove in the result; to issue; to result; as, the crops turned out poorly. — To turn over, to turn from side to side; to roll; to tumble. — To turn round. (a) To change position so as to face in another direction. (b) To change one's opinion; to change from one view or party to another. — To turn to, to apply one's self to; have recourse to; to refer to. "Helvicus's tables may be turned to on all occasions." Locke. — To turn to account, profit, advantage, or the like, to be made profitable or advantageous; to become worth the while. — To turn under, to bend, or be folded, downward or under. — To turn up. (a) To bend, or be doubled, upward. (b) To appear; to come to light; to transpire; to occur; to happen.

Turn (?), n. 1. The act of turning; movement or motion about, or as if about, a center or axis; revolution; as, the turn of a wheel.

2. Change of direction, course, or tendency; different order, position, or aspect of affairs; alteration; vicissitude; as, the turn of the tide.

At length his complaint took a favorable turn.

Macaulay.

The turns and varieties of all passions.

Hooker.

Too well the turns of mortal chance I know.

Pope.

3. One of the successive portions of a course, or of a series of occurrences, reckoning from change to change; hence, a winding; a bend; a meander.

And all its [the river's] thousand turns disclose. Some fresher beauty varying round.

Byron.

4. A circuitous walk, or a walk to and fro, ending where it began; a short walk; a stroll.

Come, you and I must walk a turn together.

Shak.

I will take a turn in your garden.

Dryden.

5. Successive course; opportunity enjoyed by alternation with another or with others, or in due order; due chance; alternate or incidental occasion; appropriate time. "Nobleness and bounty . . . had their turns in his [the king's] nature."

His turn will come to laugh at you again.

Denham.

Every one has a fair turn to be as great as he pleases.

Collier.

6. Incidental or opportune deed or office; occasional act of kindness or malice; as, to do one an ill turn.

Had I not done a friendes turn to thee?

Chaucer.

thanks are half lost when good turns are delayed.

Fairfax.

7. Convenience; occasion; purpose; exigence; as, this will not serve his turn.

I have enough to serve mine own turn.

Shak.

8. Form; cast; shape; manner; fashion; — used in a literal or figurative sense; hence, form of expression; mode of signifying; as, the turn of thought; a man of a sprightly turn in conversation.

The turn of both his expressions and thoughts is unharmonious.

Dryden.

The Roman poets, in their description of a beautiful man, often mention the turn of his neck and arms.

Addison.

9. A change of condition; especially, a sudden or recurring symptom of illness, as a nervous shock, or fainting spell; as, a bad turn. [Colloq.]

10. A fall off the ladder at the gallows; a hanging; — so called from the practice of causing the criminal to stand on a ladder which was turned over, so throwing him off, when the signal was given. [Obs.]

11. A round of a rope or cord in order to secure it, as about a pin or a cleat.

12. (Mining) A pit sunk in some part of a drift.

13. (Eng. Law) A court of record, held by the sheriff twice a year in every hundred within his county. Blount.

14. pl. (Med.) Monthly courses; menses. [Colloq.]

15. (Mus.) An embellishment or grace (marked thus, &?;), commonly consisting of the principal note, or that on which the turn is made, with the note above, and the semitone below, the note above being sounded first, the principal note next, and the semitone below last, the three being performed quickly, as a triplet preceding the marked note. The turn may be inverted so as to begin with the lower note, in which case the sign is either placed on end thus &?;, or drawn thus &?;.

By turns. (a) One after another; alternately; in succession. (b) At intervals. "[They] feel by turns the bitter change." Milton. — In turn, in due order of succession. — To a turn, exactly; perfectly; as, done to a turn; — a phrase alluding to the practice of cooking on a revolving spit. — To take turns, to alternate; to succeed one another in due order. — Turn and turn about, by equal alternating periods of service or duty; by turns. — Turn bench, a simple portable lathe, used on a bench by clock makers and watchmakers. — Turn buckle. See Turnbuckle, in Vocabulary. — Turn cap, a sort of chimney cap which turns round with the wind so as to present its opening to the leeward. G. Francis. — Turn of life (Med.), change of life. See under Change. — Turn screw, a screw driver.

Turn"broach` (?), n. A turnspit. [Obs.] " One that was her turnbroach." Beau. & Fl.

Turn"-buc`kle (?), n. (Mech.) (a) A loop or sleeve with a screw thread at one end and a swivel at the other, — used for tightening a rod, stay, etc. (b) A gravitating catch, as for fastening a shutter, the end of a chain, or a hasp.

Turn"bull's blue` (?). (Chem.) The double cyanide of ferrous and ferric iron, a dark blue amorphous substance having a coppery luster, used in dyeing, calico printing, etc. Cf. Prussian blue, under Prussian.

Turn"coat` (?), n. One who forsakes his party or his principles; a renegade; an apostate.

He is a turncoat, he was not true to his profession.

Bunyan.

Tur"nep (?), n. (Bot.) See Turnip. [Obs.]

Turn"er (?), n. 1. One who turns; especially, one whose occupation is to form articles with a lathe.

2. (Zoöl.) A variety of pigeon; a tumbler.

||Tur"ner (?), n. [G.] A person who practices athletic or gymnastic ||exercises. || Tur"ner*ite (?), n. [So called from the English chemist and mineralogist, C. H. Turner.] (Min.) A variety of monazite.

Turn"er*y (?), n. [Cf. F. tournerie.] 1. The art of fashioning solid bodies into cylindrical or other forms by means of a lathe.

2. Things or forms made by a turner, or in the lathe.

Chairs of wood, the seats triangular, the backs, arms, and legs loaded with turnery.

Walpole.

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Tur"ney (?), n. & v. Tourney. [Obs.] Chaucer. "In open turney." Spenser. Milton.

||Turn"hal`le (?), n. [G., from turnen to exercise gymnastics + halle ||hall.] A building used as a school of gymnastics. || ||Tur`ni*ci*mor"phæ (?), n. pl. [NL. See Turnix, and -morphous.] ||(Zoöl.) A division of birds including Turnix and allied genera, ||resembling quails in appearance but differing from them anatomically. || Turn"ing (?), n. 1. The act of one who, or that which, turns; also, a winding; a bending course; a fiexure; a meander.

Through paths and turnings often trod by day.

Milton.

2. The place of a turn; an angle or corner, as of a road.

It is preached at every turning.

Coleridge.

3. Deviation from the way or proper course. Harmar.

4. Turnery, or the shaping of solid substances into various by means of a lathe and cutting tools.

5. pl. The pieces, or chips, detached in the process of turning from the material turned.

6. (Mil.) A maneuver by which an enemy or a position is turned.

Turning and boring mill, a kind of lathe having a vertical spindle and horizontal face plate, for turning and boring large work. — Turning bridge. See the Note under Drawbridge. — Turning engine, an engine lathe. — Turning lathe, a lathe used by turners to shape their work. — Turning pair. See the Note under Pair, n. — Turning point, the point upon which a question turns, and which decides a case.

Turn"ing*ness, n. The quality of turning; instability; tergiversation. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.

Tur"nip (?), n. [OE. turnep; probably fr. turn, or F. tour a turn, turning lathe + OE. nepe a turnip, AS. npe, L. napus. Cf. Turn,v. t., Navew.] (Bot.) The edible, fleshy, roundish, or somewhat conical, root of a cruciferous plant (Brassica campestris, var. Napus); also, the plant itself. [Formerly written also turnep.]

Swedish turnip (Bot.), a kind of turnip. See Ruta-baga. — Turnip flea (Zoöl.), a small flea-beetle (Haltica, or Phyllotreta, striolata), which feeds upon the turnip, and often seriously injures it. It is black with a stripe of yellow on each elytron. The name is also applied to several other small insects which are injurious to turnips. See Illust. under Flea-beetle. — Turnip fly. (Zoöl.) (a) The turnip flea. (b) A two-winged fly (Anthomyia radicum) whose larvæ live in the turnip root.

Tur"nip-shell" (?), n. (Zoöl.) Any one of several large, thick, spiral marine shells belonging to Rapa and allied genera, somewhat turnip-shaped.

Tur"nix (?), n. [NL., fr. L. coturnix a quail.] (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of birds belonging to Turnix or Hemipodius and allied genera of the family Turnicidæ. These birds resemble quails and partridges in general appearance and in some of their habits, but differ in important anatomical characteristics. The hind toe is usually lacking. They are found in Asia, Africa, Southern Europe, the East Indian Islands, and esp. in Australia and adjacent islands, where they are called quails (see Quail, n., 3.). See Turnicimorphæ.

Turn"key` (?), n.; pl. Turnkeys (&?;).

1. A person who has charge of the keys of a prison, for opening and fastening the doors; a warder.

2. (Dentistry) An instrument with a hinged claw, — used for extracting teeth with a twist.

Turn"-out` (?), n.; pl. Turn- outs (&?;). 1. The act of coming forth; a leaving of houses, shops, etc.; esp., a quitting of employment for the purpose of forcing increase of wages; a strike; — opposed to lockout.

2. A short side track on a railroad, which may be occupied by one train while another is passing on a main track; a shunt; a siding; a switch.

3. That which is prominently brought forward or exhibited; hence, an equipage; as, a man with a showy carriage and horses is said to have a fine turn-out.

4. The aggregate number of persons who have come out, as from their houses, for a special purpose.

5. Net quantity of produce yielded.

Turn"o`ver (?), n. 1. The act or result of turning over; an upset; as, a bad turnover in a carriage.

2. A semicircular pie or tart made by turning one half of a circular crust over the other, inclosing the fruit or other materials.

3. An apprentice, in any trade, who is handed over from one master to another to complete his time.

Turn"o`ver, a. Admitting of being turned over; made to be turned over; as, a turnover collar, etc.

Turn"pike` (?), n. [Turn + pike.] 1. A frame consisting of two bars crossing each other at right angles and turning on a post or pin, to hinder the passage of beasts, but admitting a person to pass between the arms; a turnstile. See Turnstile, 1.

I move upon my axle like a turnpike.

B. Jonson.

2. A gate or bar set across a road to stop carriages, animals, and sometimes people, till toll is paid for keeping the road in repair; a tollgate.

3. A turnpike road. De Foe.

4. A winding stairway. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

5. (Mil.) A beam filled with spikes to obstruct passage; a cheval-de-frise. [R.]

Turnpike man, a man who collects tolls at a turnpike. — Turnpike road, a road on which turnpikes, or tollgates, are established by law, in order to collect from the users tolls to defray the cost of building, repairing, etc.

Turn"pike` (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Turnpiked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Turnpiking.] To form, as a road, in the manner of a turnpike road; into a rounded form, as the path of a road. Knowles.

Turn"plate` (?), n. A turntable.

Turn"-sick` (?), a. Giddy. [Obs.] Bacon.

Turn"-sick`, n. (For.) A disease with which sheep are sometimes affected; gid; sturdy. See Gid.

Turn"sole` (?), n. [F. tournesol, It. tornasole; tornare to turn (LL. tornare) + sole the sun, L. sol. See Turn, Solar, a., and cf. Heliotrope.] [Written also turnsol.] 1. (Bot.) (a) A plant of the genus Heliotropium; heliotrope; — so named because its flowers are supposed to turn toward the sun. (b) The sunflower. (c) A kind of spurge (Euphorbia Helioscopia). (d) The euphorbiaceous plant Chrozophora tinctoria.

2. (Chem.) (a) Litmus. [Obs.] (b) A purple dye obtained from the plant turnsole. See def. 1 (d).

Turn"spit` (?), n. 1. One who turns a spit; hence, a person engaged in some menial office.

His lordship is his majesty's turnspit.

Burke.

2. (Zoöl.) A small breed of dogs having a long body and short crooked legs. These dogs were formerly much used for turning a spit on which meat was roasting.

Turn"stile` (?), n. 1. A revolving frame in a footpath, preventing the passage of horses or cattle, but admitting that of persons; a turnpike. See Turnpike, n., 1.

2. A similar arrangement for registering the number of persons passing through a gateway, doorway, or the like.

Turn"stone` (?), n. (Zoöl.) Any species of limicoline birds of the genera Strepsilas and Arenaria, allied to the plovers, especially the common American and European species (Strepsilas interpres). They are so called from their habit of turning up small stones in search of mollusks and other aquatic animals. Called also brant bird, sand runner, sea quail, sea lark, sparkback, and skirlcrake.

Black turnstone, the California turnstone (Arenaria melanocephala). The adult in summer is mostly black, except some white streaks on the chest and forehead, and two white loral spots.

Turn"ta`ble (?), n. A large revolving platform, for turning railroad cars, locomotives, etc., in a different direction; — called also turnplate.

||Tur"nus (?), n. [NL., fr. L. Turnus, the king of the Rutuli, ||mentioned in the Æneid.] (Zoöl.) A common, large, handsome, American ||swallowtail butterfly, now regarded as one of the forms of Papilio, ||or Jasoniades, glaucus. The wings are yellow, margined and barred ||with black, and with an orange-red spot near the posterior angle of ||the hind wings. Called also tiger swallowtail. See Illust. under ||Swallowtail. || ||Turn"ve*rein` (?), n. [G., from turnen to exercise + verein a union.] ||A company or association of gymnasts and athletes. || Turn"wrest` (?), n. (a) Designating a cumbersome style of plow used in England, esp. in Kent. (b) designating a kind of hillside plow. [Eng.] Knight.

Tu*ro"ni*an (?), n. (Geol.) One of the subdivisions into which the Upper Cretaceous formation of Europe is divided.

Tur"pen*tine, n. [F. térébentine, OF. also turbentine; cf. Pr. terebentina, terbentina, It. terebentina, trementina; fr. L. terebinthinus of the turpentine tree, from terebinthus the turpentine tree. Gr. &?;, &?;. See Terebinth.] A semifluid or fluid oleoresin, primarily the exudation of the terebinth, or turpentine, tree (Pistacia Terebinthus), a native of the Mediterranean region. It is also obtained from many coniferous trees, especially species of pine, larch, and fir.

There are many varieties of turpentine. Chian turpentine is produced in small quantities by the turpentine tree (Pistacia Terebinthus). Venice, Swiss, or larch turpentine, is obtained from Larix Europæa. It is a clear, colorless balsam, having a tendency to solidify. Canada turpentine, or Canada balsam, is the purest of all the pine turpentines (see under Balsam). The Carpathian and Hungarian varieties are derived from Pinus Cembra and Pinus Mugho. Carolina turpentine, the most abundant kind, comes from the long-leaved pine (Pinus palustris). Strasburg turpentine is from the silver fir (Abies pectinata).

Oil of turpentine (Chem.), a colorless oily hydrocarbon, C10H16, of a pleasant aromatic odor, obtained by the distillation of crude turpentine. It is used in making varnishes, in medicine, etc. It is the type of the terpenes and is related to cymene. Called also terebenthene, terpene, etc. — Turpentine moth (Zoöl.), any one of several species of small tortricid moths whose larvæ eat the tender shoots of pine and fir trees, causing an exudation of pitch or resin. — Turpentine tree (Bot.), the terebinth tree, the original source of turpentine. See Turpentine, above.

Tur"peth (?), n. [NL. turpethum, fr. Per. tirbid a cathartic, turbad a purgative root. Cf. Turbith.] [Written also turbeth, and turbith.] 1. (Bot.) The root of Ipomœa Turpethum, a plant of Ceylon, Malabar, and Australia, formerly used in medicine as a purgative; — sometimes called vegetable turpeth.

2. (Chem.) A heavy yellow powder, Hg3O2SO4, which consists of a basic mercuric sulphate; — called also turpeth mineral.

Tur"pin (?), n. (Zoöl.) A land tortoise. [Obs.]

Tur"pi*tude (?), n. [L. turpitudo, from turpis foul, base.] Inherent baseness or vileness of principle, words, or actions; shameful wickedness; depravity. Shak.

{ Tur*quoise", Tur*quois" } (?; 277), n. [F. turquoise; cf. Pr. & Sp. turquesa, It. turchese, turchina, LL. turchesius, turchina; — so called because first brought from Turkey. See 1st Turkey.] (Min.) A hydrous phosphate of alumina containing a little copper; calaite. It has a blue, or bluish green, color, and usually occurs in reniform masses with a botryoidal surface. [Formerly written also turcois, and turkois.]

Turquoise is susceptible of a high polish, and when of a bright blue color is much esteemed as a gem. The finest specimens come from Persia. It is also found in New Mexico and Arizona, and is regarded as identical with the chalchihuitl of the Mexicans.

Tur*quoise", a. Having a fine light blue color, like that of choice mineral turquoise.

Tur"rel (?), n. [Cf. OF. touroul a little wooden instrument to fasten doors or windows.] A certain tool used by coopers. Sherwood.

Tur"ret (?), n. [OE. touret, OF. tourette, dim. of tour a tower, L. turris. See Tower.]

1. (Arch.) A little tower, frequently a merely ornamental structure at one of the angles of a larger structure.

2. (Anc. Mil.) A movable building, of a square form, consisting of ten or even twenty stories and sometimes one hundred and twenty cubits high, usually moved on wheels, and employed in approaching a fortified place, for carrying soldiers, engines, ladders, casting bridges, and other necessaries.

3. (Mil.) A revolving tower constructed of thick iron plates, within which cannon are mounted. Turrets are used on vessels of war and on land.

4. (Railroads) The elevated central portion of the roof of a passenger car. Its sides are pierced for light and ventilation.

Turret clock, a large clock adapted for an elevated position, as in the tower of a church. — Turret head (Mach.), a vertical cylindrical revolving tool holder for bringing different tools into action successively in a machine, as in a lathe. — Turret lathe, a turning lathe having a turret head. — Turret ship, an ironclad war vessel, with low sides, on which heavy guns are mounted within one or more iron turrets, which may be rotated, so that the guns may be made to bear in any required direction.

Tur"ret*ed, a. 1. Furnished with a turret or turrets; specifically (Zoöl.), having the whorls somewhat flattened on the upper side and often ornamented by spines or tubercles; — said of certain spiral shells.

2. Formed like a tower; as, a turreted lamp. Bacon.

Tur"ri*bant (?), n. [See Turban.] A turban. [Obs.]

With hundred turrets like a turribant.

Spenser.

Tur"ric*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to a turret, or tower; resembling a tower.

{ Tur*ric"u*late (?), Tur*ric"u*la`ted (?), } a. [L. turricula small tower, turret.] Furnished with, or formed like, a small turret or turrets; somewhat turreted.

Tur"ri*lite (?), n. [L. turris tower + Gr. &?; stone: cf. F. turrilite.] (Paleon.) Any fossil ammonite of the genus Turrilites. The shell forms an open spiral with the later whorls separate.

Tur`ri*tel"la (?), n. [NL., dim fr. L. turris tower.] (Zoöl.) Any spiral marine gastropod belonging to Turritella and allied genera. These mollusks have an elongated, turreted shell, composed of many whorls. They have a rounded aperture, and a horny multispiral operculum.

Tur`ri*tel"loid (?), a. [Turritella + -oid.] (Zoöl.) Of, pertaining to, or resembling, the turritellas.

Tur"tle (?), n. [AS. turtle, L. turtur; probably of imitative origin. Cf. Turtle the sea tortoise.] (Zoöl.) The turtledove.

Tur"tle, n. [Probably the same word as the word preceding, and substituted (probably by sailors) for the Spanish or Portuguese name; cf. Sp. tortuga tortoise, turtle, Pg. tartaruga, also F. tortue, and E. tortoise.]

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1. (Zoöl.) Any one of the numerous species of Testudinata, especially a sea turtle, or chelonian.

In the United States the land and fresh-water tortoises are also called turtles.

2. (Printing) The curved plate in which the form is held in a type-revolving cylinder press.

Alligator turtle, Box turtle, etc. See under Alligator, Box, etc. — green turtle (Zoöl.), a marine turtle of the genus Chelonia, having usually a smooth greenish or olive-colored shell. It is highly valued for the delicacy of its flesh, which is used especially for turtle soup. Two distinct species or varieties are known; one of which (Chelonia Midas) inhabits the warm part of the Atlantic Ocean, and sometimes weighs eight hundred pounds or more; the other (C. virgata) inhabits the Pacific Ocean. Both species are similar in habits and feed principally on seaweed and other marine plants, especially the turtle grass. — Turtle cowrie (Zoöl.), a large, handsome cowrie (Cypræa testudinaria); the turtle-shell; so called because of its fancied resemblance to a tortoise in color and form. — Turtle grass (Bot.), a marine plant (Thalassia testudinum) with grasslike leaves, common about the West Indies. — Turtle shell, tortoise shell. See under Tortoise.

Tur"tle*dove` (?), n. [See 1ts Turtle.]

1. (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of pigeons belonging to Turtur and allied genera, native of various parts of the Old World; especially, the common European species (Turtur vulgaris), which is noted for its plaintive note, affectionate disposition, and devotion to its mate.

The South African turtledove (T. albiventris), and the ashy turtledove of India (T. rubicolus), are similar to the European species in their habits.

2. (Zoöl.) Any one of several species of pigeons more or less resembling the true turtledoves, as the American mourning dove (see under Dove), and the Australian turtledove (Stictopelia cuneata).

The turtledove of the Scriptures is probably Turtur risorius, a species which is still plentiful in Egypt and other Eastern countries. It is closely allied to the European turtledove.

Tur"tle-foot`ed (?), a. Slow- footed. [R.] "Turtle-footed Peace." Ford.

Tur"tle*head` (?), n. (Bot.) An American perennial herb (Chelone glabra) having white flowers shaped like the head of a turtle. Called also snakehead, shell flower, and balmony.

Tur"tler (?), n. One who catches turtles or tortoises. "The Jamaica turtlers." Dampier.

Tur"tle-shell` (?), n. The turtle cowrie.

Tur"tling (?), n. The act, practice, or art of catching turtles. Marryat.

Turves (?), obs. pl. of Turf.

Tus"can (?), a. [L. Tyscanus, Tuscus.] Of or pertaining to Tuscany in Italy; — specifically designating one of the five orders of architecture recognized and described by the Italian writers of the 16th century, or characteristic of the order. The original of this order was not used by the Greeks, but by the Romans under the Empire. See Order, and Illust. of Capital.

Tus"can, n. A native or inhabitant of Tuscany.

Tus`ca*ro"ras (?), n. pl.; sing. Tuscarora (&?;). (Ethnol.) A tribe of North American Indians formerly living on the Neuse and Tar rivers in North Carolina. They were conquered in 1713, after which the remnant of the tribe joined the Five Nations, thus forming the Six Nations. See Six Nations, under Six.

Tus"cor (?), n. [See Tusk.] A tush of a horse.

Tush (?), interj. An exclamation indicating check, rebuke, or contempt; as, tush, tush! do not speak of it.

Tush, say they, how should God perceive it?

Bk. of Com. Prayer (Ps. lxxiii. 11).

Tush, n. [OE. tusch, AS. tusc; akin to OFries. tusk, tusch, and probably to AS. tð tooth. See Tooth, and cf. Tusk.] A long, pointed tooth; a tusk; — applied especially to certain teeth of horses.

Tusk (?), n. (Zoöl.) Same as Torsk.

Tusk, n. [OE. tusk, the same word as tusch, AS. tusc. See Tush a tooth.] 1. (Zoöl.) One of the elongated incisor or canine teeth of the wild boar, elephant, etc.; hence, any long, protruding tooth.

2. (Zoöl.) A toothshell, or Dentalium; — called also tusk-shell.

3. (Carp.) A projecting member like a tenon, and serving the same or a similar purpose, but composed of several steps, or offsets. Thus, in the illustration, a is the tusk, and each of the several parts, or offsets, is called a tooth.

Tusk (?), v. i. To bare or gnash the teeth. [Obs.]

Tusked (?), a. Furnished with tusks.

The tusked boar out of the wood.

Milton.

Tusk"er (?), n. (Zoöl.) An elephant having large tusks.

Tusk"-shell` (?), n. (Zoöl.) See 2d Tusk, n., 2.

Tusk"y (?), a. Having tusks. "The scar indented by the tusky oar." Dryden.

Tus"sac grass` (?). Tussock grass.

Tus"sah silk` (?). [Probably fr. Hind. tasar a shuttle, Skr. tasara, trasara.] (a) A silk cloth made from the cocoons of a caterpillar other than the common silkworm, much used in Bengal and China. (b) The silk fiber itself. [Written also tusseh silk.]

Tus*sic"u*lar (?), a. [L. tussicularis, fr. tussicula, dim. of tussis a cough.] Of or pertaining to a cough. Dunglison.

Tus"sle (?), v. i. & t. [See Tousle.] To struggle, as in sport; to scuffle; to struggle with. [Colloq.]

Tus"sle, n. A struggle; a scuffle. [Colloq.]

Tus"sock (?), n. [From Tuz.] [Written also tussuck.] 1. A tuft, as of grass, twigs, hair, or the like; especially, a dense tuft or bunch of grass or sedge.

Such laying of the hair in tussocks and tufts.

Latimer.

2. (Bot.) Same as Tussock grass, below.

3. (Zoöl.) A caterpillar of any one of numerous species of bombycid moths. The body of these caterpillars is covered with hairs which form long tufts or brushes. Some species are very injurious to shade and fruit trees. Called also tussock caterpillar. See Orgyia.

Tussock grass. (Bot.) (a) A tall, strong grass of the genus Dactylis (D. cæspitosa), valuable for fodder, introduced into Scotland from the Falkland Islands. (b) A tufted grass (Aira cæspitosa). (c) Any kind of sedge (Carex) which forms dense tufts in a wet meadow or boggy place. — Tussock moth (Zoöl.), the imago of any tussock caterpillar. They belong to Orgyia, Halecidota, and allied genera.

Tus"sock*y (?), a. Having the form of tussocks; full of, or covered with, tussocks, or tufts.

Tus"suck (?), n. See Tussock. Grew.

Tut (?). Be still; hush; — an exclamation used for checking or rebuking.

Tut, n. [Cf. Sw. tut a point, pipe, tube, Dan. tut a cornet.] 1. An imperial ensign consisting of a golden globe with a cross on it.

2. A hassock. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

Tu"te*lage (?), n. [L. tutela protection, fr. tutus safe, fr. tueri to watch, defend. Cf. Tuition.]

1. The act of guarding or protecting; guardianship; protection; as, the king's right of seigniory and tutelage.

The childhood of the European nations was passed under the tutelage of the clergy.

Macaulay.

2. The state of being under a guardian; care or protection enjoyed. V. Knox.

{ Tu"te*lar (?), Tu"te*la*ry (?), } a. [L. tutelaris: cf. F. tutélaire. See Tutelage.] Having the guardianship or charge of protecting a person or a thing; guardian; protecting; as, tutelary goddesses.

This, of all advantages, is the greatest . . . the most tutelary of morals.

Landor.

Tu"tele (?), n. [L. tutela: cf. F. tutelle. See Tutelage.] Tutelage. [Obs.] Howell.

Tu"te*nag (?), n. [F. toutenague; cf. Pg. tutenaga, tutanaga. See Tutty.] (Metal.) (a) Crude zinc. [India] (b) Packfong. [Written also tutenague.]

Tut"-mouthed` (?), a. Having a projecting under jaw; prognathous. [Obs.] Holland.

Tut"-nose` (?), n. A snub nose. [Prov. Eng.]

Tu"tor (?), n. [OE. tutour, L. tutor, fr. tueri to watch, defend: cf. F. tuteur. Cf. Tuition.] One who guards, protects, watches over, or has the care of, some person or thing. Specifically: —

(a) A treasurer; a keeper. "Tutour of your treasure." Piers Plowman.

(b) (Civ. Law) One who has the charge of a child or pupil and his estate; a guardian.

(c) A private or public teacher.

(d) (Eng. Universities) An officer or member of some hall, who instructs students, and is responsible for their discipline.

(e) (Am. Colleges) An instructor of a lower rank than a professor.

Tu"tor, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tutored (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tutoring.] 1. To have the guardianship or care of; to teach; to instruct.

Their sons are well tutored by you.

Shak.

2. To play the tutor toward; to treat with authority or severity. Addison.

Tu"tor*age (?; 48), n. The office or occupation of a tutor; tutorship; guardianship.

Tu"tor*ess (?), n. A woman who performs the duties of a tutor; an instructress. E. Moore.

Tu*to"ri*al (?), a. [L. tutorius.] Of or pertaining to a tutor; belonging to, or exercised by, a tutor.

Tu"tor*ism (?), n. Tutorship. [R.]

Tu"tor*ize (?), v. t. To teach; to instruct.

I . . . shall tutorize him some day.

J. H. Newman.

Tu"tor*ship, n. The office, duty, or care of a tutor; guardianship; tutelage. Hooker.

Tu"tor*y (?), n. Tutorage. [Obs.] Holinshed.

Tu"tress (?), n. Tutoress. [Obs.] Selden.

Tu"trix (?), n. [L. See Tutor.] A female guardian; a tutoress. [R.] Smollett.

Tut"san (?), n. [F. toutesaine; tout, toule, all (L. totus) + sain, saine, sound, healthy, L. sanus.] (Bot.) A plant of the genus Hypericum (H. Androsœmum), from which a healing ointment is prepared in Spain; — called also parkleaves.

||Tut"ti (?), n. pl. [It., fr. L. totus, pl. toti, all.] (Mus.) All; — ||a direction for all the singers or players to perform together. Moore ||(Encyc. of Music). || Tut"ty (?), n. [F. tutie; cf. Sp. tutia, atutia, LL. tutia; all from Per. ttiy.] (Chem.) A yellow or brown amorphous substance obtained as a sublimation product in the flues of smelting furnaces of zinc, and consisting of a crude zinc oxide.

Tut"-work` (?), n. (Mining) Work done by the piece, as in nonmetaliferous rock, the amount done being usually reckoned by the fathom. Tomlinson.

Tut"-work`man, n.; pl. Tut- workmen (&?;). (Mining) One who does tut-work. Tomlinson.

{ Tu-whit" (?), Tu-whoo" (?), } n. & interj. Words imitative of the notes of the owl.

Thy tu-whits are lulled, I wot, Thy tu-whoos of yesternight.

Tennyson.

||Tu`yère" (?), n. [F.; akin to tuyau a pipe; of Teutonic origin. Cf. ||Tweer, Tewel.] A nozzle, mouthpiece, or fixture through which the ||blast is delivered to the interior of a blast furnace, or to the fire ||of a forge. [Corruptly written also tweer, and twier.] || Tuyère arch, the embrasure, in the wall of a blast furnace through which the tuyère enters.

Tuz (tz), n. [Cf. W. tusw a wisp, a bunch, tus that binds or wraps, tusiaw to bind round, to wrap. Cf. Tussock.] A lock or tuft of hair. [Obs.] Dryden.

Tu"za (?), n. (Zoöl.) The tucan.

Twad"dle (?), v. i. & t. [See Twattle.] To talk in a weak and silly manner, like one whose faculties are decayed; to prate; to prattle. Stanyhurst.

Twad"dle, n. Silly talk; gabble; fustian.

I have put in this chapter on fighting . . . because of the cant and twaddle that's talked of boxing and fighting with fists now-a-days.

T. Hughes.

Twad"dler (?), n. One who prates in a weak and silly manner, like one whose faculties are decayed.

Twad"dling (?), a. & n. from Twaddle, v.

Twad"dy (?), n. Idle trifling; twaddle.

Twag"ger (?), n. A lamb. [Prov. Eng.]

Twain (?), a. & n. [OE. twein, tweien, tweyne, AS. twgen, masc. See Two.] Two; — nearly obsolete in common discourse, but used in poetry and burlesque. "Children twain." Chaucer.

And whosoever shall compel thee to go a mile, go with him twain.

Matt. v. 41.

In twain, in halves; into two parts; asunder.

When old winder split the rocks in twain.

Dryden.

— Twain cloud. (Meteor.) Same as Cumulo-stratus.

Twaite (?), n. [Prov. E.] (Zoöl.) A European shad; — called also twaite shad. See Shad.

Twaite, n. (O. Eng. Law) A piece of cleared ground. See Thwaite.

Twang (?), n. A tang. See Tang a state. [R.]

Twang (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Twanged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Twanging.] [Of imitative origin; cf. Tang a sharp sound, Tinkle.] To sound with a quick, harsh noise; to make the sound of a tense string pulled and suddenly let go; as, the bowstring twanged.

Twang, v. t. To make to sound, as by pulling a tense string and letting it go suddenly.

Sounds the tough horn, and twangs the quivering string.

Pope.

Twang, n. 1. A harsh, quick sound, like that made by a stretched string when pulled and suddenly let go; as, the twang of a bowstring.

2. An affected modulation of the voice; a kind of nasal sound.

He has such a twang in his discourse.

Arbuthnot.

Twan"gle (?), v. i. & t. To twang.

While the twangling violin Struck up with Soldier-laddie.

Tennyson.

Twank (?), v. t. To cause to make a sharp twanging sound; to twang, or twangle. Addison.

Twan"kay (?), n. See Note under Tea, n., 1.

'T was (?). A contraction of it was.

Twat"tle (?), v. i. [Cf. Tattle, Twaddle.] To prate; to talk much and idly; to gabble; to chatter; to twaddle; as, a twattling gossip. L'Estrange.

Twat"tle, v. t. To make much of, as a domestic animal; to pet. [Prov. Eng.] Grose.

Twat"tle, n. Act of prating; idle talk; twaddle.

Twat"tler (?), n. One who twattles; a twaddler.

Tway (?), a. & n. [OE. twei. See Twain.] Two; twain. [Obs.] Spenser.

Tway"blade` (?), n. (Bot.) Any one of several orchidaceous plants which have only two leaves, as the species of Listera and of Liparis. [Written also twyblade.]

Tweag (?), v. t. To tweak. [Obs.]

{ Tweag, Tweague, } n. A pinching condition; perplexity; trouble; distress. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

This put the old fellow in a rare tweague.

Arbuthnot.

Tweak (?), v. t. [OE. twikken, originally the same word as twicchen; cf. LG. twikken. See Twitch.] To pinch and pull with a sudden jerk and twist; to twitch; as, to tweak the nose. Shak.

Tweak, n. 1. A sharp pinch or jerk; a twist or twitch; as, a tweak of the nose. Swift.

2. Trouble; distress; tweag. [Obs.]

3. A prostitute. [Obs.] Brathwait.

Tweed (?), n. [Probably a corruption of twills. See Twill.] A soft and flexible fabric for men's wear, made wholly of wool except in some inferior kinds, the wool being dyed, usually in two colors, before weaving.

Twee"dle (?), v. t. [Cf. Twiddle.] [Written also twidle.] 1. To handle lightly; — said with reference to awkward fiddling; hence, to influence as if by fiddling; to coax; to allure.

A fiddler brought in with him a body of lusty young fellows, whom he had tweedled into the service.

Addison.

2. To twist. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Tweel (?), n. & v. See Twill.

Tweer (?), n. Same as Tuyère.

<! p. 1556 !>

{ Tweese, Tweeze } (?), n. [OE. tweeze, tweese, fr. F. étuis, pl. of étui a case, sheath, box; probably of Teutonic origin; cf. MNG. stuche a wide sleeve in which articles could be carried, OHG. sthha, G. stauche a short and narrow muff. Cf Etui, Tweezers.] A surgeon's case of instruments. Howell.

Twee"zers (?), n. pl. [See Tweese.] Small pinchers used to pluck out hairs, and for other purposes.

Twelfth (?), a. [For twelft, OE. twelfte, AS. twelfta. See Twelve.] 1. Next in order after the eleventh; coming after eleven others; — the ordinal of twelve.

2. Consisting, or being one of, twelve equal parts into which anything is divided.

Twelfth, n. 1. The quotient of a unit divided by twelve; one of twelve equal parts of one whole.

2. The next in order after the eleventh.

3. (Mus.) An interval comprising an octave and a fifth.

Twelfth"-cake` (-kk`), n. An ornamented cake distributed among friends or visitors on the festival of Twelfth-night.

Twelfth"-day` (?), n. See Twelfthtide.

Twelfth"-night` (?), n. The evening of Epiphany, or the twelfth day after Christmas, observed as a festival by various churches.

Twelfth"-sec`ond (?), n. (Physics) A unit for the measurement of small intervals of time, such that 1012 (ten trillion) of these units make one second.

Twelfth"tide` (?), n. The twelfth day after Christmas; Epiphany; — called also Twelfth-day.

Twelve (?), a. [OE. twelve, twelf, AS. twelf; akin to OFries. twelf, twelef, twilif, OS. twelif, D. twaalf, G. zwölf, OHG. zwelif, Icel. t&?;lf, Sw. tolf, Dan. tolv, Goth. twalif, from the root of E. two + the same element as in the second part of E. eleven. See Two, and Eleven.] One more that eleven; two and ten; twice six; a dozen.

Twelve-men's morris. See the Note under Morris. — Twelve Tables. (Rom. Antiq.) See under Table.

Twelve, n. 1. The number next following eleven; the sum of ten and two, or of twice six; twelve units or objects; a dozen.

2. A symbol representing twelve units, as 12, or xii.

The Twelve (Script.), the twelve apostles. Matt. xxvi. 20.

Twelve"mo (?), a. & n. See Duodecimo.

Twelve"month (?), n. A year which consists of twelve calendar months.

I shall laugh at this a twelvemonth hence.

Shak.

Twelve"pence (?), n. A shilling sterling, being about twenty-four cents.

Twelve"pen*ny (?), a. Sold for a shilling; worth or costing a shilling.

Twelve"score` (?), n. & a. Twelve times twenty; two hundred and forty.

Twen"ti*eth (?), a. [From Twenty; cf. AS. twentigo&?;a. See Twenty.] 1. Next in order after the nineteenth; tenth after the tenth; coming after nineteen others; — the ordinal of twenty.

2. Consisting, or being, one of twenty equal parts into which anything is divided.

Twen"ti*eth, n. 1. The next in order after the nineteen; one coming after nineteen others.

2. The quotient of a unit divided by twenty; one of twenty equal parts of one whole.

Twen"ty (?), a. [OE. twenty, AS. tw&?;ntig, twentig; akin to OFris. twintich, OS. tw&?;ntig, D. & LG. twintig, OHG. zweinzug, G. zwanzig, Goth. twai tigjis; that is, two tens. See Twain, Two, and Ten.] 1. One more that nineteen; twice; as, twenty men.

2. An indefinite number more or less that twenty. Shak.

Maximilian, upon twenty respects, could not have been the man.

Bacon.

Twen"ty, n.; pl. Twenties (&?;). 1. The number next following nineteen; the sum of twelve and eight, or twice ten; twenty units or objects; a score.

2. A symbol representing twenty units, as 20, or xx.

Twen"ty*fold` (?), a. Twenty times as many.

Twen`ty-four"mo (?), a. Having twenty- four leaves to a sheet; as, a twenty-fourmo form, book, leaf, size, etc. — n. A book composed of sheets, each of which is folded into twenty-four leaves; hence, indicating more or less definitely a size of book whose sheets are so folded; — usually written 24mo, or 24°.

Twey (?), a. [See Two.] Two. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Twey"fold` (?), a. Twofold. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Twi"bil (?), n. [AS. twibill; twi- (in comp.) two + bill, bil, an ax hoe, bill. See Twice, and Bill a cutting instrument.] 1. A kind of mattock, or ax; esp., a tool like a pickax, but having, instead of the points, flat terminations, one of which is parallel to the handle, the other perpendicular to it. [Prov. Eng.]

2. A tool for making mortises. [Obs.]

3. A reaping hook.

Twi"billed (?), a. Armed or provided with a twibil or twibils.

Twice (?), adv. [OE. twies (where the s is the adverbial ending; see -wards), twie, AS. twiges, twiwa; akin to twi- (in comp.) two, G. zwie-, OHG. zwi-, Icel. tv-, L. bi-, Gr. &?;, Skr. dvi-, and E. two. See Two.]

1. Two times; once and again.

He twice essayed to cast his son in gold.

Dryden.

2. Doubly; in twofold quantity or degree; as, twice the sum; he is twice as fortunate as his neighbor.

Twice is used in the formation of compounds, mostly self- explaining; as, twice-horn, twice-conquered, twice- planted, twice-told, and the like.

Twid"dle (?), v. t. [Probably of imitative origin. Cf. Tweedle.] To touch lightly, or play with; to tweedle; to twirl; as, to twiddle one's thumbs; to twiddle a watch key. [Written also twidle.] Thackeray.

Twid"dle, v. i. To play with anything; hence, to be busy about trifles. Halliwell.

Twid"dle (?), n. 1. A slight twist with the fingers.

2. A pimple. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Twi"fal`low (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Twifallowed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Twifallowing.] [AS. twi- (see Twice) two + fallow.] To plow, or fallow, a second time (land that has been once fallowed).

Twi"fold` (?), a. [AS. twifeadld. See Twice, and cf. Twofold.] Twofold; double. [Obs.]

Twig (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Twigged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Twigging.] [Cf. Tweak.] To twitch; to pull; to tweak. [Obs. or Scot.]

Twig, v. t. [Gael. tuig, or Ir. tuigim I understand.]

1. To understand the meaning of; to comprehend; as, do you twig me? [Colloq.] Marryat.

2. To observe slyly; also, to perceive; to discover. "Now twig him; now mind him." Foote.

As if he were looking right into your eyes and twigged something there which you had half a mind to conceal.

Hawthorne.

Twig, n. [AS. twig; akin to D. twijg, OHG. zwig, zwi, G. zweig, and probably to E. two.] A small shoot or branch of a tree or other plant, of no definite length or size.

The Britons had boats made of willow twigs, covered on the outside with hides.

Sir T. Raleigh.

Twig borer (Zoöl.), any one of several species of small beetles which bore into twigs of shrubs and trees, as the apple-tree twig borer (Amphicerus bicaudatus). — Twig girdler. (Zoöl.) See Girdler, 3. — Twig rush (Bot.), any rushlike plant of the genus Cladium having hard, and sometimes prickly-edged, leaves or stalks. See Saw grass, under Saw.

Twig, v. t. To beat with twigs.

Twig"gen (?), a. Made of twigs; wicker. [Obs.]

Twig"ger (?), n. A fornicator. [Eng.] Halliwell.

Twig"gy (?), a. Of or pertaining to a twig or twigs; like a twig or twigs; full of twigs; abounding with shoots. " Twiggy trees." Evelyn.

Twight (?), v. t. To twit. [Obs.] Spenser.

Twight, obs. p. p. of Twitch. Chaucer.

Twight"e (?), obs. imp. of Twitch. Chaucer.

Twig"less (?), a. Having no twigs.

Twig"some (?), a. Full of, or abounding in, twigs; twiggy. [R.] " Twigsome trees." Dickens.

Twi"light` (?), n. [OE. twilight, AS. twi- (see Twice) + leóht light; hence the sense of doubtful or half light; cf. LG. twelecht, G. zwielicht. See Light.]

1. The light perceived before the rising, and after the setting, of the sun, or when the sun is less than 18° below the horizon, occasioned by the illumination of the earth's atmosphere by the direct rays of the sun and their reflection on the earth.

2. faint light; a dubious or uncertain medium through which anything is viewed.

As when the sun . . . from behind the moon, In dim eclipse, disastrous twilight sheds.

Milton.

The twilight of probability.

Locke.

Twi"light`, a. 1. Seen or done by twilight. Milton.

2. Imperfectly illuminated; shaded; obscure.

O'er the twilight groves and dusky caves.

Pope.

Twill (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Twilled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Twilling.] [Scotch tweel; probably from LG. twillen to make double, from twi- two; akin to AS. twi-, E. twi- in twilight. See Twice, and cf. Tweed, Tweel.] To weave, as cloth, so as to produce the appearance of diagonal lines or ribs on the surface.

Twill, n. [Scotch tweel. See Twill, v. t.] 1. An appearance of diagonal lines or ribs produced in textile fabrics by causing the weft threads to pass over one and under two, or over one and under three or more, warp threads, instead of over one and under the next in regular succession, as in plain weaving.

2. A fabric women with a twill.

3. [Perhaps fr. guill.] A quill, or spool, for yarn.

Twil"ly (?), n. [C. Willy.] A machine for cleansing or loosening wool by the action of a revolving cylinder covered with long iron spikes or teeth; a willy or willying machine; — called also twilly devil, and devil. See Devil, n., 6, and Willy. Tomlinson.

Twilt (?), n. [See Quilt.] A quilt. [Prov. Eng.]

Twin (?), a. [OE. twin double, AS. getwinne two and two, pl., twins; akin to D. tweeling a twin, G. zwilling, OHG. zwiniling, Icel. tvennr, tvinnr, two and two, twin, and to AS. twi- two. See Twice, Two.] 1. Being one of two born at a birth; as, a twin brother or sister.

2. Being one of a pair much resembling one another; standing the relation of a twin to something else; — often followed by to or with. Shak.

3. (Bot.) Double; consisting of two similar and corresponding parts.

4. (Crystallog.) Composed of parts united according to some definite law of twinning. See Twin, n., 4.

Twin boat, or Twin ship (Naut.), a vessel whose deck and upper works rest on two parallel hulls. — Twin crystal. See Twin, n., 4. — Twin flower (Bot.), a delicate evergreen plant (Linnæa borealis) of northern climates, which has pretty, fragrant, pendulous flowers borne in pairs on a slender stalk. — Twin-screw steamer, a steam vessel propelled by two screws, one on either side of the plane of the keel.

Twin, n. 1. One of two produced at a birth, especially by an animal that ordinarily brings forth but one at a birth; — used chiefly in the plural, and applied to the young of beasts as well as to human young.

2. pl. (Astron.) A sign and constellation of the zodiac; Gemini. See Gemini.

3. A person or thing that closely resembles another.

4. (Crystallog.) A compound crystal composed of two or more crystals, or parts of crystals, in reversed position with reference to each other.

The relative position of the parts of a twin may be explained by supposing one part to be revolved 180° about a certain axis (called the twinning axis), this axis being normal to a plane (called the twinning plane) which is usually one of the fundamental planes of the crystal. This revolution brings the two parts into parallel position, or vice versa. A contact twin is one in which the parts are united by a plane surface, called the composition face, which is usually the same as the twinning plane. A penetration twin is one in which the parts interpenetrate each other, often very irregularly. Twins are also called, according to form, cruciform, geniculated, etc.

Twin (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Twinned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Twinning.] 1. To bring forth twins. Tusser.

2. To be born at the same birth. Shak.

Twin, v. t. 1. To cause to be twins, or like twins in any way. Shak.

Still we moved Together, twinned, as horse's ear and eye.

Tennyson.

2. To separate into two parts; to part; to divide; hence, to remove; also, to strip; to rob. [Obs.]

The life out of her body for to twin.

Chaucer.

Twin, v. i. To depart from a place or thing. [Obs.] "Ere that we farther twin." Chaucer.

Twin"born` (?), a. Born at the same birth.

Twine (?), n. [AS. twin, properly, a twisted or double thread; akin to D. twijn, Icel. twinni; from twi-. See Twice, and cf. Twin.] 1. A twist; a convolution.

Typhon huge, ending in snaky twine.

Milton.

2. A strong thread composed of two or three smaller threads or strands twisted together, and used for various purposes, as for binding small parcels, making nets, and the like; a small cord or string.

3. The act of twining or winding round. J. Philips.

Twine reeler, a kind of machine for twisting twine; a kind of mule, or spinning machine.

Twine, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Twined (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Twining.] [OE. twinen, fr. AS. twn a twisted thread; akin to D. twijnen to twine, Icel. & Sw. tvinna, Dan. tvinde. See Twine, n.] 1. To twist together; to form by twisting or winding of threads; to wreathe; as, fine twined linen.

2. To wind, as one thread around another, or as any flexible substance around another body.

Let me twine Mine arms about that body.

Shak.

3. To wind about; to embrace; to entwine.

Let wreaths of triumph now my temples twine.

Pope.

4. To change the direction of. [Obs.] Fairfax.

5. To mingle; to mix. [Obs.] Crashaw.

Twine, v. i. 1. To mutually twist together; to become mutually involved.

2. To wind; to bend; to make turns; to meander.

As rivers, though they bend and twine, Still to the sea their course incline.

Swift.

3. To turn round; to revolve. [Obs.] Chapman.

4. To ascend in spiral lines about a support; to climb spirally; as, many plants twine.

Twin"er (?), n. (Bot.) Any plant which twines about a support.

Twinge (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Twinged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Twinging.] [OE. twengen, AS. twengan; akin to OE. twingen to pain, afflict, OFries. thwinga, twinga, dwinga, to constrain, D. dwingen, OS. thwingan, G. zwingen, OHG. dwingan, thwingan, to press, oppress, overcome, Icel. þvinga, Sw. tvinga to subdue, constrain, Dan. twinge, and AS. þün to press, OHG. dhen, and probably to E. thong. Perhaps influenced by twitch. Cf. Thong.] 1. To pull with a twitch; to pinch; to tweak.

When a man is past his sense, There's no way to reduce him thence, But twinging him by the ears or nose, Or laying on of heavy blows.

Hudibras.

2. To affect with a sharp, sudden pain; to torment with pinching or sharp pains.

The gnat . . . twinged him [the lion] till he made him tear himself, and so mastered him.

L'Estrange.

Twinge, v. i. To have a sudden, sharp, local pain, like a twitch; to suffer a keen, darting, or shooting pain; as, the side twinges.

Twinge, n. 1. A pinch; a tweak; a twitch.

A master that gives you . . . twinges by the ears.

L' Estrange.

2. A sudden sharp pain; a darting local pain of momentary continuance; as, a twinge in the arm or side. " A twinge for my own sin." Dryden.

Twin"ing (?), a. Winding around something; twisting; embracing; climbing by winding about a support; as, the hop is a twinning plant.

Twin"ing, a. The act of one who, or that which, twines; (Bot.) the act of climbing spirally.

Twink (?), v. i. [OE. twinken. See Twinkle.] To twinkle. [Obs.]

Twink (?), n. 1. A wink; a twinkling. [Obs.]

2. (Zoöl.) The chaffinch. [Prov. Eng.]

Twin"kle (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Twinkled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Twinkling (?).] [OE. twinklen, AS. twinclian; akin to OE. twinken to blink, wink, G. zwinken, zwinkern, and perhaps to E. twitch.] 1. To open and shut the eye rapidly; to blink; to wink.

The owl fell a moping and twinkling.

L' Estrange.

<! p. 1557 !>

2. To shine with an intermitted or a broken, quavering light; to flash at intervals; to sparkle; to scintillate.

These stars not twinkle when viewed through telescopes that have large apertures.

Sir I. Newton.

The western sky twinkled with stars.

Sir W. Scott.

Twin"kle (?), n. 1. A closing or opening, or a quick motion, of the eye; a wink or sparkle of the eye.

Suddenly, with twinkle of her eye, The damsel broke his misintended dart.

Spenser.

2. A brief flash or gleam, esp. when rapidly repeated.

3. The time of a wink; a twinkling. Dryden.

Twin"kler (?), n. One who, or that which, twinkles, or winks; a winker; an eye.

Twin"kling (?), n. 1. The act of one who, or of that which, twinkles; a quick movement of the eye; a wink; a twinkle. Holland.

2. A shining with intermitted light; a scintillation; a sparkling; as, the twinkling of the stars.

3. The time of a wink; a moment; an instant.

In a moment, in the twinkling of an eye, at the last trump, . . . the dead shall be raised incorruptible.

1 Cor. xv. 52.

Twin"leaf` (?), n. (Bot.) See Jeffersonia.

Twin"like` (?), a. Closely resembling; being a counterpart. — Twin"like`ness, n.

Twin"ling (?), n. [Twin + 1st - ling.] A young or little twin, especially a twin lamb.

Twinned (?), a. (Crystallog.) Composed of parts united according to a law of twinning. See Twin, n., 4.

Twin"ner (?), n. One who gives birth to twins; a breeder of twins. Tusser.

Twin"ning (?), n. (Crystallog.) The assemblage of two or more crystals, or parts of crystals, in reversed position with reference to each other in accordance with some definite law; also, rarely, in artificial twinning (accomplished for example by pressure), the process by which this reversal is brought about.

Polysynthetic twinning, repeated twinning of crystal lamellæ, as that of the triclinic feldspars. — Repeated twinning, twinning of more than two crystals, or parts of crystals. — Twinning axis, Twinning plane. See the Note under Twin, n.

Twin"ter (?), n. [AS. twi- + winter winter. See Twice, and Winter.] A domestic animal two winters old. [Prov. Eng.]

Twire (?), n. [Cf. D. tweern, G. zwirn, and E. twine.] A twisted filament; a thread. [Obs.] Locke.

Twire, v. i. [Cf. MHG. zwieren, E. thwart, and queer.] 1. To peep; to glance obliquely; to leer. [Obs.]

Which maids will twire 'tween their fingers.

B. Jonson.

I saw the wench that twired and twinkled at thee.

Beau. & Fl.

2. To twinkle; to glance; to gleam. [Obs.]

When sparkling stars twire not.

Shak.

Twire, v. i. To sing, or twitter. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Twire"-pipe` (?), n. A vagabond musician. [Obs.]

You are an ass, a twire-pipe.

Beau. & Fl.

You looked like Twire-pipe, the taborer.

Chapman.

Twirl (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Twirled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Twirling.] [Cf. AS. þwiril a churn staff, a stirrer, flail, þweran, þweran, to agitate, twirl, G. zwirlen, quirlen, to twirl, to turn round or about, quirl a twirling stick, OHG. dweran to twirl, stir. Cf. Trowel.] To move or turn round rapidly; to whirl round; to move and turn rapidly with the fingers.

See ruddy maids, Some taught with dexterous hand to twirl the wheel.

Dodsley.

No more beneath soft eve's consenting star Fandango twirls his jocund castanet.

Byron.

Twirl, v. i. To revolve with velocity; to be whirled round rapidly.

Twirl, n. 1. The act of twirling; a rapid circular motion; a whirl or whirling; quick rotation.

2. A twist; a convolution. Woodward.

Twist (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Twisted; p. pr. & vb. n. Twisting.] [OE. twisten, AS. twist a rope, as made of two (twisted) strands, fr. twi- two; akin to D. twist a quarrel, dissension, G. zwist, Dan. & Sw. tvist, Icel. twistr the deuce in cards, tvistr distressed. See Twice, Two.] 1. To contort; to writhe; to complicate; to crook spirally; to convolve.

Twist it into a serpentine form.

Pope.

2. Hence, to turn from the true form or meaning; to pervert; as, to twist a passage cited from an author.

3. To distort, as a solid body, by turning one part relatively to another about an axis passing through both; to subject to torsion; as, to twist a shaft.

4. To wreathe; to wind; to encircle; to unite by intertexture of parts. "Longing to twist bays with that ivy." Waller.

There are pillars of smoke twisted about wreaths of flame.

T. Burnet.

5. To wind into; to insinuate; — used reflexively; as, avarice twists itself into all human concerns.

6. To unite by winding one thread, strand, or other flexible substance, round another; to form by convolution, or winding separate things round each other; as, to twist yarn or thread. Shak.

7. Hence, to form as if by winding one part around another; to wreathe; to make up.

Was it not to this end That thou began'st to twist so fine a story?

Shak.

8. To form into a thread from many fine filaments; as, to twist wool or cotton.

Twist, v. i. 1. To be contorted; to writhe; to be distorted by torsion; to be united by winding round each other; to be or become twisted; as, some strands will twist more easily than others.

2. To follow a helical or spiral course; to be in the form of a helix.

Twist, n. 1. The act of twisting; a contortion; a flexure; a convolution; a bending.

Not the least turn or twist in the fibers of any one animal which does not render them more proper for that particular animal's way of life than any other cast or texture.

Addison.

2. The form given in twisting.

[He] shrunk at first sight of it; he found fault with the length, the thickness, and the twist.

Arbuthnot.

3. That which is formed by twisting, convoluting, or uniting parts. Specifically: —

(a) A cord, thread, or anything flexible, formed by winding strands or separate things round each other.

(b) A kind of closely twisted, strong sewing silk, used by tailors, saddlers, and the like.

(c) A kind of cotton yarn, of several varieties.

(d) A roll of twisted dough, baked.

(e) A little twisted roll of tobacco.

(f) (Weaving) One of the threads of a warp, — usually more tightly twisted than the filling.

(g) (Firearms) A material for gun barrels, consisting of iron and steel twisted and welded together; as, Damascus twist.

(h) (Firearms & Ord.) The spiral course of the rifling of a gun barrel or a cannon.

(i) A beverage made of brandy and gin. [Slang]

4. [OE.; — so called as being a two-forked branch. See Twist, v. t.] A twig. [Obs.] Chaucer. Fairfax.

Gain twist, or Gaining twist (Firearms), twist of which the pitch is less, and the inclination greater, at the muzzle than at the breech. — Twist drill, a drill the body of which is twisted like that of an auger. See Illust. of Drill. — Uniform twist (Firearms), a twist of which the spiral course has an equal pitch throughout.

Twist"e (?), obs. imp. of Twist. Chaucer.

Twist"ed, a. Contorted; crooked spirally; subjected to torsion; hence, perverted.

Twisted curve (Geom.), a curve of double curvature. See Plane curve, under Curve. — Twisted surface (Geom.), a surface described by a straight line moving according to any law whatever, yet so that the consecutive positions of the line shall not be in one plane; a warped surface.

Twist"er (?), n. 1. One who twists; specifically, the person whose occupation is to twist or join the threads of one warp to those of another, in weaving.

2. The instrument used in twisting, or making twists.

He, twirling his twister, makes a twist of the twine.

Wallis.

3. (Carp.) A girder. Craig.

4. (Man.) The inner part of the thigh, the proper place to rest upon when on horseback. Craig.

Twist"ic*al (?), a. Crooked; tortuous; hence, perverse; unfair; dishonest. [Slang, U. S.] Bartlett.

Twist"ing, a. & n. from Twist.

Twisting pair. (Kinematics) See under Pair, n., 7.

Twit (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Twitted; p. pr. & vb. n. Twitting.] [OE. atwiten, AS. ætwtan to reproach, blame; æt at + wtan to reproach, blame; originally, to observe, see, hence, to observe what is wrong (cf. the meanings of E. animadvert; akin to G. verweisen to censure, OHG. firwzan, Goth. traweitan to avenge, L. videre to see. See Vision, Wit.] To vex by bringing to notice, or reminding of, a fault, defect, misfortune, or the like; to revile; to reproach; to upbraid; to taunt; as, he twitted his friend of falsehood.

This these scoffers twitted the Christian with.

Tillotson.

Æsop minds men of their errors, without twitting them for what is amiss.

L'Estrange.

Twitch (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Twitched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Twitching.] [OE. twicchen, fr. (doubtful) AS. twiccian; akin to AS. angeltwicca a worm used for bait, literally, a hook twitcher, LG. twikken to tweak, G. zwicken. Cf. Tweak.] To pull with a sudden jerk; to pluck with a short, quick motion; to snatch; as, to twitch one by the sleeve; to twitch a thing out of another's hand; to twitch off clusters of grapes.

Thrice they twitched the diamond in her ear.

Pope.

Twitch, n. 1. The act of twitching; a pull with a jerk; a short, sudden, quick pull; as, a twitch by the sleeve.

2. A short, spastic contraction of the fibers or muscles; a simple muscular contraction; as, convulsive twitches; a twitch in the side.

3. (Far.) A stick with a hole in one end through which passes a loop, which can be drawn tightly over the upper lip or an ear of a horse. By twisting the stick the compression is made sufficiently painful to keep the animal quiet during a slight surgical operation. J. H. Walsh.

Twitch"er (?), n. One who, or that which, twitches.

Twitch" grass` (?). (Bot.) See Quitch grass.

Twite (?), n. (Zoöl.) (a) The European tree sparrow. (b) The mountain linnet (Linota flavirostris). [Prov. Eng.]

Twit"lark` (?), n. (Zoöl.) The meadow pipit. [Prov. Eng.]

Twit"ter (?), n. [From Twit.] One who twits, or reproaches; an upbraider.

Twit"ter, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Twittered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Twittering.] [OE. twiteren; of imitative origin; cf. G. zwitschern, OHG. zwizzir&?;n, D. kwetteren, Sw. qwitra, Dan. quiddre. Cf. Titter.] 1. To make a succession of small, tremulous, intermitted noises.

The swallow twittering from the straw-built shed.

Gray.

2. To make the sound of a half-suppressed laugh; to titter; to giggle. J. Fletcher.

3. [Perhaps influenced by twitch.] To have a slight trembling of the nerves; to be excited or agitated.

Twit"ter, v. t. To utter with a twitter. Cowper.

Twit"ter, n. 1. The act of twittering; a small, tremulous, intermitted noise, as that made by a swallow.

2. A half-suppressed laugh; a fit of laughter partially restrained; a titter; a giggle. Hudibras.

3. A slight trembling or agitation of the nerves.

Twit"ter*ing, n. 1. The act of one who, or that which, twitters.

2. A slight nervous excitement or agitation, such as is caused by desire, expectation, or suspense.

A widow, who had a twittering towards a second husband, took a gossiping companion to manage the job.

L'Estrange.

Twit"ting*ly (?), adv. In a twitting manner; with upbraiding.

Twit"tle-twat`tle (?), n. [See Twattle.] Tattle; gabble. L'Estrange.

'Twixt (?). An abbreviation of Betwixt, used in poetry, or in colloquial language.

'Twixt"-brain` (?), n. (Anat.) The thalamen&?;cephalon.

Two (t), a. [OE. two, twa, properly fem. & neut., twei, twein, tweien, properly masc. (whence E. twain), AS. tw, fem. & neut., twgen, masc., t, neut.; akin to OFries. twne, masc., tw, fem. & neut., OS. twne, masc., tw, fem., tw, neut., D. twee, OHG. zwne, zw, zwei, G. zwei, Icel. tveir, tvær, tvau, Sw. två, Dan. to, Goth. twai, tws, twa; Lith. du, Russ. dva, Ir. & Gael. da, W. dau, dwy, L. duo, Gr. dy`o, Skr. dva. √300. Cf. Balance, Barouche, Between, Bi- , Combine, Deuce two in cards, Double, Doubt, Dozen, Dual, Duet, Dyad, Twain, Twelve, Twenty, Twice, Twilight, Twig, Twine, n., Twist.] One and one; twice one. "Two great lights." Gen. i. 16. "Two black clouds." Milton.

Two is often joined with other words, forming compounds signifying divided into, consisting of, or having, two parts, divisions, organs, or the like; as two-bladed, two-celled, two-eared, two- flowered, twohand, two-headed, two-horse, two- leafed or two-leaved, two-legged, two-lobed, two-masted, two-named, two-part, two-petaled, two-pronged, two-seeded, two-sided, two-story, two-stringed, two-foothed, two-valved, two- winged, and the like.

One or two, a phrase often used indefinitely for a small number.

Two (?), n. 1. The sum of one and one; the number next greater than one, and next less than three; two units or objects.

2. A symbol representing two units, as 2, II., or ii.

In two, asunder; into parts; in halves; in twain; as, cut in two.

Two"-cap`suled (?), a. (Bot.) Having two distinct capsules; bicapsular.

Two"-cleft` (?), a. (Bot.) Divided about half way from the border to the base into two segments; bifid.

Two"-deck`er (?), n. A vessel of war carrying guns on two decks.

Two"-edged` (?), a. Having two edges, or edges on both sides; as, a two-edged sword.

Two"fold` (?), a. [Cf. Twifold.] Double; duplicate; multiplied by two; as, a twofold nature; a twofold sense; a twofold argument.

Two"fold`, adv. In a double degree; doubly.

Two"-foot` (?), a. Measuring two feet; two feet long, thick, or wide; as, a two-foot rule.

Two"-forked` (?), a. Divided into two parts, somewhat after the manner of a fork; dichotomous.

Two"-hand` (?), a. Employing two hands; as, the two-hand alphabet. See Dactylology.

Two"-hand`ed (?), a. 1. Having two hands; — often used as an epithet equivalent to large, stout, strong, or powerful. "Two-handed sway." Milton.

2. Used with both hands; as, a two-handed sword.

That two-handed engine [the sword].

Milton.

3. Using either hand equally well; ambidextrous.

Two"-lipped` (?), a. 1. Having two lips.

2. (Bot.) Divided in such a manner as to resemble the two lips when the mouth is more or less open; bilabiate.

Two"-part`ed (-pärt`d), a. (Bot.) Divided from the border to the base into two distinct parts; bipartite.

Two"pence (?; 277), n. A small coin, and money of account, in England, equivalent to two pennies, — minted to a fixed annual amount, for almsgiving by the sovereign on Maundy Thursday.

Two"pen*ny (?), a. Of the value of twopence.

Two"-ply` (?), a. 1. Consisting of two thicknesses, as cloth; double.

2. Woven double, as cloth or carpeting, by incorporating two sets of warp thread and two of weft.

Two"-ranked` (?), a. (Bot.) Alternately disposed on exactly opposite sides of the stem so as to from two ranks; distichous.

Two"-sid`ed (?), a. 1. Having two sides only; hence, double-faced; hypocritical.

2. (Biol.) Symmetrical.

Two"-tongued` (?), a. Double-tongued; deceitful. Sandys.

Twy"blade` (?), n. See Twayblade.

Ty"-all` (?), n. Something serving to tie or secure. [Obs.] Latimer.

Ty"burn tick`et (?). [So called in allusion to Tyburn, formerly a place of execution in England.] (O. Eng. Law) A certificate given to one who prosecutes a felon to conviction, exempting him from certain parish and ward offices.

Ty*chon"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to Tycho Brahe, or his system of astronomy.

Ty*coon" (t`kn"), n. [Chinese tai-kun great prince.] The title by which the shogun, or former commander in chief of the Japanese army, was known to foreigners.

Ty"dy (?), n. (Zoöl.) Same as Tidy.

Tye (?), n. 1. A knot; a tie. [R.] See Tie.

2. (Naut.) A chain or rope, one end of which passes through the mast, and is made fast to the center of a yard; the other end is attached to a tackle, by means of which the yard is hoisted or lowered.

3. (Mining) A trough for washing ores. Knight.

Tye, v. t. See Tie, the proper orthography.

Ty"er (?), n. One who ties, or unites. [R.]

Ty*foon" (?), n. See Typhoon.

Ty"ger (?), n. (Zoöl.) A tiger. [Obs.]

Ty"ing (?), p. pr. of Tie.

Ty"ing, n. (Mining) The act or process of washing ores in a buddle.

Tyke (?), n. See 2d Tike.

||Ty"la*rus (?), n.; pl. Tylari (#). [NL., fr. Gr. ty`lh a cushion.] ||(Zoöl.) One of the pads on the under surface of the toes of birds. || <! p. 1558 !>

Ty"ler (t"lr), n. See 2d Tiler.

||Ty*lop"o*da (t*lp"*d), n. pl. [NL., from ty`lh a cushion + -poda.] ||(Zoöl.) A tribe of ungulates comprising the camels. || ||Ty*lo"sis (?), n.; pl. Tyloses (#). [NL., fr. Gr. ty`los a lump, ||knot.] (Bot.) An intrusion of one vegetable cell into the cavity of ||another, sometimes forming there an irregular mass of cells. Goodale. || Tym"bal (?), n. [F. timbale, Sp. timbal; cf. atabal; probably of Arabic origin. Cf. Atabal, Timbrel.] A kind of kettledrum. [Written also trimbal.]

A tymbal's sound were better than my voice.

Prior.

Tymp (?), n. [Cf. Tympan.] (Blast Furnace) A hollow water-cooled iron casting in the upper part of the archway in which the dam stands.

Tym"pan (?), n. [F., fr. tympanum a kettledrum, a panel of a door. See Tympanum, and cf. Tymp.] 1. A drum. [Obs.]

2. (Arch.) A panel; a tympanum.

3. (Print.) A frame covered with parchment or cloth, on which the blank sheets are put, in order to be laid on the form to be impressed.

Tympan sheet (Print.), a sheet of paper of the same size as that to be printed, pasted on the tympan, and serving as a guide in laying the sheets evenly for printing. W. Savage.

Tym"pa*nal (?), n. Tympanic.

Tym*pan"ic (?; 277), a. [See Tympanum.] 1. Like a tympanum or drum; acting like a drumhead; as, a tympanic membrane.

2. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the tympanum.

Tympanic bone (Anat.), a bone of the skull which incloses a part of the tympanum and supports the tympanic membrane. — Tympanic membrane. (Anat.) See the Note under Ear.

Tym*pan"ic, n. (Anat.) The tympanic bone.

Tym"pa*nist (?), n. [L. tympaniste, Gr. &?;.] One who beats a drum. [R.]

||Tym`pa*ni"tes (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; a kettledrum.] (Med.) ||A flatulent distention of the belly; tympany. || Tym`pa*nit"ic (?), a. [L. tympaniticus one afflicted with tympanites.] (Med.) Of, pertaining to, or affected with, tympanites.

Tym`pa*ni"tis (?), n. [NL. See Tympanum, and -itis.] (Med.) Inflammation of the lining membrane of the middle ear.

Tym"pa*nize (?), v. i. [L. tympanizare to beat a drum, Gr. &?;.] To drum. [R.] Coles.

Tym"pa*nize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tympanized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tympanizing (?).] To stretch, as a skin over the head of a drum; to make into a drum or drumhead, or cause to act or sound like a drum. [Obs.] "Tympanized, as other saints of God were." Oley.

||Tym"pa*no (?), n.; pl. Tympani (#). [It. timpano. See Tympanum.] ||(Mus.) A kettledrum; — chiefly used in the plural to denote the ||kettledrums of an orchestra. See Kettledrum. [Written also timpano.] || Tym"pa*no- (?). A combining form used in anatomy to indicate connection with, or relation to, the tympanum; as in tympanohyal, tympano- Eustachian.

Tym`pa*no*hy"al (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the tympanum and the hyoidean arch. — n. The proximal segment in the hyoidean arch, becoming a part of the styloid process of the temporal bone in adult man.

Tym"pa*num (?), n.; pl. E. Tympanums (#), L. Tympana (#). [L., a kettledrum, a drum or wheel in machines, the triangular area in a pediment, the panel of a door, Gr. &?;, &?;, fr. &?; to strike, beat. See Type, and cf. Timbrel.] 1. (Anat.) (a) The ear drum, or middle ear. Sometimes applied incorrectly to the tympanic membrane. See Ear. (b) A chamber in the anterior part of the syrinx of birds.

2. (Zoöl.) One of the naked, inflatable air sacs on the neck of the prairie chicken and other species of grouse.

3. (Arch.) (a) The recessed face of a pediment within the frame made by the upper and lower cornices, being usually a triangular space or table. (b) The space within an arch, and above a lintel or a subordinate arch, spanning the opening below the arch.

4. (Mech.) A drum-shaped wheel with spirally curved partitions by which water is raised to the axis when the wheel revolves with the lower part of the circumference submerged, — used for raising water, as for irrigation.

Tym"pa*ny (?), n. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; a kettledrum. See Tympanites.] 1. (Med.) A flatulent distention of the belly; tympanites. Fuller.

2. Hence, inflation; conceit; bombast; turgidness. "Thine 's a tympany of sense." Dryden.

A plethoric a tautologic tympany of sentence.

De Quincey.

Tynd (?), v. t. [See Tine to shut in.] To shut; to close. [Obs.] Wyclif.

Tyne (?), v. t. [Icel. t&?;na.] To lose. [Obs. or Scot.] "His bliss gan he tyne." Piers Plowman. Sir W. Scott.

Tyne, v. i. To become lost; to perish. [Obs.] Spenser.

Tyne, n. [See Tine a prong.] (Zoöl.) A prong or point of an antler.

Tyne, n. [See Teen, n.] Anxiety; tine. [Obs.] "With labor and long tyne." Spenser.

Ty"ny (?), a. [See Tiny.] Small; tiny. [Obs.]

Typ"al (?), a. Relating to a type or types; belonging to types; serving as a type; typical. Owen.

-type (?). [See Type, n.] A combining form signifying impressed form; stamp; print; type; typical form; representative; as in stereotype phototype, ferrotype, monotype.

Type (?), n. [F. type; cf. It. tipo, from L. typus a figure, image, a form, type, character, Gr. &?; the mark of a blow, impression, form of character, model, from the root of &?; to beat, strike; cf. Skr. tup to hurt.]

1. The mark or impression of something; stamp; impressed sign; emblem.

The faith they have in tennis, and tall stockings, Short blistered breeches, and those types of travel.

Shak.

2. Form or character impressed; style; semblance.

Thy father bears the type of king of Naples.

Shak.

3. A figure or representation of something to come; a token; a sign; a symbol; — correlative to antitype.

A type is no longer a type when the thing typified comes to be actually exhibited.

South.

4. That which possesses or exemplifies characteristic qualities; the representative. Specifically: (a) (Biol.) A general form or structure common to a number of individuals; hence, the ideal representation of a species, genus, or other group, combining the essential characteristics; an animal or plant possessing or exemplifying the essential characteristics of a species, genus, or other group. Also, a group or division of animals having a certain typical or characteristic structure of body maintained within the group.

Since the time of Cuvier and Baer . . . the whole animal kingdom has been universally held to be divisible into a small number of main divisions or types.

Haeckel.

(b) (Fine Arts) The original object, or class of objects, scene, face, or conception, which becomes the subject of a copy; esp., the design on the face of a medal or a coin.

(c) (Chem.) A simple compound, used as a mode or pattern to which other compounds are conveniently regarded as being related, and from which they may be actually or theoretically derived.

The fundamental types used to express the simplest and most essential chemical relations are hydrochloric acid, HCl; water, H2O; ammonia, NH3; and methane, CH4.

5. (Typog.) (a) A raised letter, figure, accent, or other character, cast in metal or cut in wood, used in printing. (b) Such letters or characters, in general, or the whole quantity of them used in printing, spoken of collectively; any number or mass of such letters or characters, however disposed.

Type are mostly made by casting type metal in a mold, though some of the larger sizes are made from maple, mahogany, or boxwood. In the cut, a is the body; b, the face, or part from which the impression is taken; c, the shoulder, or top of the body; d, the nick (sometimes two or more are made), designed to assist the compositor in distinguishing the bottom of the face from the top; e, the groove made in the process of finishing, — each type as cast having attached to the bottom of the body a jet, or small piece of metal (formed by the surplus metal poured into the mold), which, when broken off, leaves a roughness that requires to be removed. The fine lines at the top and bottom of a letter are technically called ceriphs, and when part of the face projects over the body, as in the letter f, the projection is called a kern.

The type which compose an ordinary book font consist of Roman CAPITALS, small capitals, and lower-case letters, and Italic CAPITALS and lower-case letters, with accompanying figures, points, and reference marks, — in all about two hundred characters. Including the various modern styles of fancy type, some three or four hundred varieties of face are made. Besides the ordinary Roman and Italic, some of the most important of the varieties are —

The smallest body in common use is diamond; then follow in order of size, pearl, agate, nonpareil, minion, brevier, bourgeois (or two-line diamond), long primer (or two-line pearl), small pica (or two-line agate), pica (or two-line nonpareil), English (or two-line minion), Columbian (or two-line brevier), great primer (two-line bourgeois), paragon (or two-line long primer), double small pica (or two-line small pica), double pica (or two-line pica), double English (or two-line English), double great primer (or two-line great primer), double paragon (or two-line paragon), canon (or two-line double pica). Above this, the sizes are called five-line pica, six-line pica, seven-line pica, and so on, being made mostly of wood. The following alphabets show the different sizes up to great primer.

The foregoing account is conformed to the designations made use of by American type founders, but is substantially correct for England. Agate, however, is called ruby, in England, where, also, a size intermediate between nonpareil and minion is employed, called emerald.

Point system of type bodies (Type Founding), a system adopted by the type founders of the United States by which the various sizes of type have been so modified and changed that each size bears an exact proportional relation to every other size. The system is a modification of a French system, and is based on the pica body. This pica body is divided into twelfths, which are termed "points," and every type body consist of a given number of these points. Many of the type founders indicate the new sizes of type by the number of points, and the old names are gradually being done away with. By the point system type founders cast type of a uniform size and height, whereas formerly fonts of pica or other type made by different founders would often vary slightly so that they could not be used together. There are no type in actual use corresponding to the smaller theoretical sizes of the point system. In some cases, as in that of ruby, the term used designates a different size from that heretofore so called.

Type founder, one who casts or manufacture type. — Type foundry, Type foundery, a place for the manufacture of type. — Type metal, an alloy used in making type, stereotype plates, etc., and in backing up electrotype plates. It consists essentially of lead and antimony, often with a little tin, nickel, or copper. — Type wheel, a wheel having raised letters or characters on its periphery, and used in typewriters, printing telegraphs, etc. — Unity of type (Biol.), that fundamental agreement in structure which is seen in organic beings of the same class, and is quite independent of their habits of life. Darwin.

Type (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Typed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Typing.] 1. To represent by a type, model, or symbol beforehand; to prefigure. [R.] White (Johnson).

2. To furnish an expression or copy of; to represent; to typify. [R.]

Let us type them now in our own lives.

Tennyson.

Type"set`ter (?), n. One who, or that which, sets type; a compositor; a machine for setting type.

Type"set`ting, n. The act or art of setting type.

Type"write` (?), v. t. & i. To write with a typewriter. [Recent]

Type"writ`er (?), n. 1. An instrument for writing by means of type, a typewheel, or the like, in which the operator makes use of a sort of keyboard, in order to obtain printed impressions of the characters upon paper.

2. One who uses such an instrument.

Type"writ`ing, n. The act or art of using a typewriter; also, a print made with a typewriter.

||Typh*li"tis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; blind, closed (as applied to ||the cæcum) + -itis.] (Med.) Inflammation of the cæcum. || Typh"lo*sole (?), n. [Gr. &?; blind + &?; channel.] (Zoöl.) A fold of the wall which projects into the cavity of the intestine in bivalve mollusks, certain annelids, starfishes, and some other animals.

Ty*pho"ë*an (?), a. [L. Typhoius, from Typhoeus, Gr. &?;, &?;.] Of or pertaining to Typhoeus (t*f"s), the fabled giant of Greek mythology, having a hundred heads; resembling Typhoeus.

Sometimes incorrectly written and pronounced Ty- phœ\'b6an (&?;), or Ty-phe\'b6 an.

Ty"phoid (?), a. [Typhus + - oid: cf. F. typhoïde, Gr. &?;. See Typhus.] (Med.) Of or pertaining to typhus; resembling typhus; of a low grade like typhus; as, typhoid symptoms.

Typhoid fever, a disease formerly confounded with typhus, but essentially different from the latter. It is characterized by fever, lasting usually three or more weeks, diarrhæa with evacuations resembling pea soup in appearance, and prostration and muscular debility, gradually increasing and often becoming profound at the acme of the disease. Its local lesions are a scanty eruption of spots, resembling flea bites, on the belly, enlargement of the spleen, and ulceration of the intestines over the areas occupied by Peyer's glands. The virus, or contagion, of this fever is supposed to be a microscopic vegetable organism, or bacterium. Called also enteric fever. See Peyer's glands. — Typhoid state, a condition common to many diseases, characterized by profound prostration and other symptoms resembling those of typhus.

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Ty`pho*ma*la"ri*al (?), a. (Med.) Pertaining to typhoid fever and malaria; as, typhomalarial fever, a form of fever having symptoms both of malarial and typhoid fever.

Ty`pho*ma"ni*a (?), n. [NL. See Typhus, and Mania.] (Med.) A low delirium common in typhus fever.

Ty"phon (?), n. [Gr. &?;, and &?;. See Typhoon.] (Class. Mythol.) 1. According to Hesiod, the son of Typhoeus, and father of the winds, but later identified with him.

By modern writers, Typhon is identified with the Egyptian Set, who represents physical evil. Encyc. Brit.

2. A violent whirlwind; a typhoon. [Obs.]

The circling typhon whirled from point to point.

Thomson.

Ty*phoon" (?), n. [Earlier tuffoon, tuffon, Pg. tufão, Ar. tufn a violent storm; probably fr. Gr. tyfw^n, tyfw^s, a violent whirlwind, that rushes upward from the earth, whirling clouds of dust (cf. Typhus); or perhaps from Chin. t'ai-fung a cyclonic wind.] A violent whirlwind; specifically, a violent whirlwind occurring in the Chinese seas.

||Ty"phos (?), n. [NL.] (Med.) Typhus. [Obs.] || Ty`pho*tox"in (?), n. [Typhoid + - toxic.] (Physiol. Chem.) A basic substance, C7H17NO2, formed from the growth of the typhoid bacillus on meat pulp. It induces in small animals lethargic conditions with liquid dejecta.

Ty"phous (?), a. [Cf. F. typheux.] (Med.) Of or pertaining to typhus; of the nature of typhus.

Ty"phus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; smoke, cloud, stupor arising from fever; akin to &?; to smoke, Skr. dh&?;pa smoke.] (Med.) A contagious continued fever lasting from two to three weeks, attended with great prostration and cerebral disorder, and marked by a copious eruption of red spots upon the body. Also called jail fever, famine fever, putrid fever, spottled fever, etc. See Jail fever, under Jail.

Typ"ic (?), a. Typical. "Typic shades." Boyle.

Typ"ic*al (?), a. [L. typicus, Gr. &?;, from &?; type: cf. F. typique. See Type.] 1. Of the nature of a type; representing something by a form, model, or resemblance; emblematic; prefigurative.

The Levitical priesthood was only typical of the Christian.

Atterbury.

2. (Nat. Hist.) Combining or exhibiting the essential characteristics of a group; as, a typical genus.

— Typ"ic*al*ly, adv. — Typ"ic*al*ness, n.

Typ`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. The act of typifying, or representing by a figure.

Typ"i*fi`er (?), n. One who, or that which, typifies. Bp. Warburton.

Typ"i*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Typified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Typifying.] [Type + -fy.] To represent by an image, form, model, or resemblance.

Our Savior was typified, indeed, by the goat that was slain, and the scapegoat in the wilderness.

Sir T. Browne.

Ty"po (?), n. [An abbreviation of typographer.] A compositor. [Colloq.]

Typ"o*cos`my (?), n. [Gr. &?; type + &?; the world.] A representation of the world. [R.]

Ty*pog"ra*pher (?; 277), n. [Cf. F. typographe. See Typography.] A printer. T. Warton.

{ Ty`po*graph"ic (?; 277), Ty`po*graph"ic*al (?; 277), } a. [Cf. F. typographique.] 1. Of or pertaining to the act or act of representing by types or symbols; emblematic; figurative; typical. [Obs.] Johnson.

2. Of or pertaining to typography or printing; as, the typographic art.

— Ty`po*graph"ic*al*ly, adv.

Ty*pog"ra*phy (?), n. [Type + - graphy: cf. F. typographie.] 1. The act or art of expressing by means of types or symbols; emblematical or hieroglyphic representation. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

2. The art of printing with types; the use of types to produce impressions on paper, vellum, etc.

Typ"o*lite (?), n. [Gr. &?; image, type + -lite: cf. F. typolithe.] (Min.) A stone or fossil which has on it impressions or figures of plants and animals.

Ty*pol"o*gy (?), n. [Type + - logy.] 1. (Theol.) A discourse or treatise on types.

2. (Theol.) The doctrine of types.

||Ty*poth"e*tæ (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. E. type + Gr. &?; to put, set.] ||Printers; — used in the name of an association of the master printers ||of the United States and Canada, called The United Typothetæ of ||America. || Ty"ran (?), n. [See Tyrant.] A tyrant. [Obs.]

Lordly love is such a tyran fell.

Spenser.

Ty"ran*ness (?), n. A female tyrant. [Obs.] "That proud tyranness." Spenser. Akenside.

{ Ty*ran"nic (?; 277), Ty*ran"nic*al (?), } a. [L. tyrannicus, Gr. &?;: cf. F. tyrannique. See Tyrant.] Of or pertaining to a tyrant; suiting a tyrant; unjustly severe in government; absolute; imperious; despotic; cruel; arbitrary; as, a tyrannical prince; a tyrannical master; tyrannical government. "A power tyrannical." Shak.

Our sects a more tyrannic power assume.

Roscommon.

The oppressor ruled tyrannic where he durst.

Pope.

— Ty*ran"nic*al*ly, adv. — Ty*ran"nic*al*ness, .

Ty*ran"ni*ci`dal (?), a. Of or pertaining to tyrannicide, or the murder of a tyrant. Booth.

Ty*ran"ni*ci`de (?), n. [L. tyrannicidium the killing of a tyrant, tyrannicida the killer of a tyrant; tyrannus a tyrant + caedere to kill: cf. F. tyrannicide.] 1. The act of killing a tyrant. Hume.

2. One who kills a tyrant.

Tyr"an*nish (?), a. Like a tyrant; tyrannical. [Obs.] "The proud tyrannish Roman." Gower.

Tyr"an*nize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tyrannized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tyrannizing (?).] [Cf. F. tyranniser, Gr. &?; to take the part of tyrants.] To act the tyrant; to exercise arbitrary power; to rule with unjust and oppressive severity; to exercise power others not permitted by law or required by justice, or with a severity not necessary to the ends of justice and government; as, a prince will often tyrannize over his subjects; masters sometimes tyrannize over their servants or apprentices.

Tyr"an*nize, v. t. To subject to arbitrary, oppressive, or tyrannical treatment; to oppress.

Tyr"an*nous (?), a. Tyrannical; arbitrary; unjustly severe; despotic. Sir P. Sidney. — Tyr"an*nous*ly, adv.

Tyr"an*ny (?), n. [OE. tirannye, OF. tirannie, F. tyrannie; cf. It. tirannia; Gr. &?;, &?;, L. tyrannis. See Tyrant.] 1. The government or authority of a tyrant; a country governed by an absolute ruler; hence, arbitrary or despotic exercise of power; exercise of power over subjects and others with a rigor not authorized by law or justice, or not requisite for the purposes of government.

"Sir," would he [Seneca] say, "an emperor mote need Be virtuous and hate tyranny."

Chaucer.

2. Cruel government or discipline; as, the tyranny of a schoolmaster.

3. Severity; rigor; inclemency.

The tyranny of the open night's too rough For nature to endure.

Shak.

Tyr"ant (?), n. [OE. tirant, tiraunt, tyraunt, OF. tiran, tirant (probably from confusion with the p. pr. of verbs), F. tyran, L. tyrannus, Gr. &?;, originally, an absolute sovereign, but afterwards, a severe or cruel ruler.] 1. An absolute ruler; a sovereign unrestrained by law or constitution; a usurper of sovereignty.

Free governments [in Greece] having superseded the old hereditary sovereignties (basilei^ai), all who obtained absolute power in a state were called ty\rannoi, tyrants, or rather despots; — for the term rather regards the irregular way in which the power was gained, whether force or fraud, than the way in which it was exercised, being applied to the mild Pisistratus, but not to the despotic kings of Persia. However, the word soon came to imply reproach, and was then used like our tyrant. Liddell & Scott.

2. Specifically, a monarch, or other ruler or master, who uses power to oppress his subjects; a person who exercises unlawful authority, or lawful authority in an unlawful manner; one who by taxation, injustice, or cruel punishment, or the demand of unreasonable services, imposes burdens and hardships on those under his control, which law and humanity do not authorize, or which the purposes of government do not require; a cruel master; an oppressor. "This false tyrant, this Nero." Chaucer.

Love, to a yielding heart, is a king, but to a resisting, is a tyrant.

Sir P. Sidney.

3. (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of American clamatorial birds belonging to the family Tyrannidæ; — called also tyrant bird.

These birds are noted for their irritability and pugnacity, and for the courage with which they attack rapacious birds far exceeding them in size and strength. They are mostly plain-colored birds, but often have a bright-colored crown patch. A few species, as the scissorstail, are handsomely colored. The kingbird and pewee are familiar examples.

Tyrant flycatcher (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of tyrants which have a flattened bill, toothed at the tip, and resemble the true flycatchers in habits. The Acadian flycatcher (Empidonax Acadicus) and the vermilion flycatcher (Pyrocephalus rubineus) are examples. — Tyrant shrike (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of American tyrants of the genus Tyrannus having a strong toothed bill and resembling the strikes in habits. The kingbird is an example.

Ty"rant (?), v. i. To act like a tyrant; to play the tyrant; to tyrannical. [Obs.] Fuller.

Tyre (?), [Tamil tayir.] Curdled milk. [India]

Tyre, n. & v. Attire. See 2d and 3d Tire. [Obs.]

Tyre, v. i. To prey. See 4th Tire. [Obs.]

Tyr"i*an (?), a. [L. Tyrius, from Tyrus Tyre, Gr. &?;.] 1. Of or pertaining to Tyre or its people.

2. Being of the color called Tyrian purple.

The bright-eyed perch with fins of Tyrian dye.

Pope.

Tyrian purple, or Tyrian dye, a celebrated purple dye prepared in ancient Tyre from several mollusks, especially Ianthina, Murex, and Purpura. See the Note under Purple, n., 1, and Purple of mollusca, under Purple, n.

Tyr"i*an, n. [L. Tyrius.] A native of Tyre.

Ty"ro (?), n.; pl. Tyros (#). [L. tiro a newlylevied soldier, a beginner.] A beginner in learning; one who is in the rudiments of any branch of study; a person imperfectly acquainted with a subject; a novice. [Written also tiro.]

The management of tyros of eighteen Is difficult.

Cowper.

Ty"ro*cin*y (?), n. [L. tirocinium first service or trial, fr. tiro. See Tyro.] The state of being a tyro, or beginner; apprenticeship. [Obs.] Blount.

Tyr"o*lite (?), n. [From Tyrol, where it occurs.] (Min.) A translucent mineral of a green color and pearly or vitreous luster. It is a hydrous arseniate of copper.

Ty"ro*nism (?), n. The state of being a tyro, or beginner. [Written also tironism.]

Tyr"o*sin (?), n. [Gr. &?; cheese.] (Physiol. Chem.) A white crystalline nitrogenous substance present in small amount in the pancreas and spleen, and formed in large quantity from the decomposition of proteid matter by various means, — as by pancreatic digestion, by putrefaction as of cheese, by the action of boiling acids, etc. Chemically, it consists of oxyphenol and amidopropionic acid, and by decomposition yields oxybenzoic acid, or some other benzol derivative. [Written also tyrosine.]

Tyr`o*tox"i*con (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; cheese + &?;. See Toxic.] (Physiol. Chem.) A ptomaine discovered by Vaughan in putrid cheese and other dairy products, and producing symptoms similar to cholera infantum. Chemically, it appears to be related to, or identical with, diazobenzol.

Tyr`o*tox"ine (?), n. Same as Tyrotoxicon.

Ty"son*ite (?), n. [After S. T. Tyson.] (Min.) A fluoride of the cerium metals occurring in hexagonal crystals of a pale yellow color. Cf. Fluocerite.

Ty"stie (?), n. [Cf. Icel. þeisti, Norw. teiste.] (Zoöl.) The black guillemot. [Prov. Eng.]

Tythe (?), n. See Tithe.

Tyth"ing (?), n. See Tithing.

Tzar (?), n. The emperor of Russia. See Czar.

{ Tza*ri"na (?), Tza*rit"za (?), } n. The empress of Russia. See Czarina.

Tzet"ze (?), n. (Zoöl.) Same as Tsetse.

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U.

U (), the twenty-first letter of the English alphabet, is a cursive form of the letter V, with which it was formerly used interchangeably, both letters being then used both as vowels and consonants. U and V are now, however, differentiated, U being used only as a vowel or semivowel, and V only as a consonant. The true primary vowel sound of U, in Anglo-Saxon, was the sound which it still retains in most of the languages of Europe, that of long oo, as in tool, and short oo, as in wood, answering to the French ou in tour. Etymologically U is most closely related to o, y (vowel), w, and v; as in two, duet, dyad, twice; top, tuft; sop, sup; auspice, aviary. See V, also O and Y.

See Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 130-144.

Ua*ka"ri (?), n. (Zoöl.) Same as Ouakari.

U"ber*ous (?), a. [L. uber.] Fruitful; copious; abundant; plentiful. [Obs.] Sir T. Herbert.

U"ber*ty (?), n. [L. ubertas.] Fruitfulness; copiousness; abundance; plenty. [Obs.] Florio.

{ U`bi*ca"tion (?), U*bi"e*ty (?), } n. [NL. ubicatio, ubietas, fr. L. ubi where.] The quality or state of being in a place; local relation; position or location; whereness. [R.] Glanvill.

U`bi*qua"ri*an (?), a. Ubiquitous. [R.]

{ U"bi*quist (?), U*biq`ui*ta"ri*an (?), } n. [L. ubique everywhere: cf. F. ubiquiste, ubiquitaire. See Ubiquity.] (Eccl. Hist.) One of a school of Lutheran divines which held that the body of Christ is present everywhere, and especially in the eucharist, in virtue of his omnipresence. Called also ubiquitist, and ubiquitary.

U*biq"ui*ta*ri*ness (?), n. Quality or state of being ubiquitary, or ubiquitous. [R.] Fuller.

U*biq"ui*ta*ry (?), a. [L. ubique everywhere. See Ubiquitarian.] Ubiquitous. Howell.

U*biq"ui*ta*ry, n.; pl. Ubiquitaries (&?;). 1. One who exists everywhere. B. Jonson.

2. (Eccl. Hist.) A ubiquist. Bp. Hall.

U*biq"ui*tist (?), n. Same as Ubiquist.

U*biq"ui*tous (?), a. [See Ubiquity.] Existing or being everywhere, or in all places, at the same time; omnipresent. — U*biq"ui*tous*ly, adv.

In this sense is he ubiquitous.

R. D. Hitchcock.

U*biq"ui*ty (?), n. [L. ubique everywhere, fr. ubi where, perhaps for cubi, quobi (cf. alicubi anywhere), and if so akin to E. who: cf. F. ubiquité.] 1. Existence everywhere, or in places, at the same time; omnipresence; as, the ubiquity of God is not disputed by those who admit his existence.

The arms of Rome . . . were impeded by . . . the wide spaces to be traversed and the ubiquity of the enemy.

C. Merivale.

2. (Theol.) The doctrine, as formulated by Luther, that Christ's glorified body is omnipresent.

U"chees (?), n. pl. (Ethnol.) A tribe of North American Indians belonging to the Creek confederation.

Uck`e*wal"list (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) One of a sect of rigid Anabaptists, which originated in 1637, and whose tenets were essentially the same as those of the Mennonists. In addition, however, they held that Judas and the murderers of Christ were saved. So called from the founder of the sect, Ucke Wallis, a native of Friesland. Eadie.

U"dal ("dal), n. [Icel. ðal allodium, an hereditary estate; akin to Sw. odal allodial, Dan. odel.] In Shetland and Orkney, a freehold; property held by udal, or allodial, right.

U"dal, a. Allodial; — a term used in Finland, Shetland, and Orkney. See Allodial. Burrill.

{ U"dal*er (?), U"dal*man (?), } n. In the Shetland and Orkney Islands, one who holds property by udal, or allodial, right. Sir W. Scott.

Ud"der (?), n. [OE. uddir, AS. der; akin to D. uijer, G. euter, OHG. tar, tiro, Icel. jgr, Sw. jufver, jur, Dan. yver, L. uber, Gr. o"y^qar, Skr. dhar. √216. Cf. Exuberant.] 1. (Anat.) The glandular organ in which milk is secreted and stored; — popularly called the bag in cows and other quadrupeds. See Mamma.

A lioness, with udders all drawn dry.

Shak.

2. One of the breasts of a woman. [R.]

Yon Juno of majestic size, With cowlike udders, and with oxlike eyes.

Pope.

Ud"dered (?), a. Having an udder or udders.

Ud"der*less, a. 1. Destitute or deprived of an udder.

2. Hence, without mother's milk; motherless; as, udderless lambs. [Poetic] Keats.

U*dom"e*ter (?), n. [L. udus wet, moist + -meter.] (Meteor.) A rain gauge.

Ugh (), interj. An exclamation expressive of disgust, horror, or recoil. Its utterance is usually accompanied by a shudder.

Ug"le*some (g"'l*sm), a. [√3. See Ugly.] Ugly. [Obs.] "Such an uglesome countenance." Latimer.

Ug"li*fy (?), v. t. [Ugly + - fy.] To disfigure; to make ugly. [R.] Mad. D'Arblay.

Ug"li*ly, adv. In an ugly manner; with deformity.

Ug"li*ness, n. The quality or state of being ugly.

Ug"ly (?), a. [Compar. Uglier (?); superl. Ugliest.] [Icel. uggligr fearful, dreadful; uggr fear (akin to ugga to fear) + -ligr (akin to E. -ly, like). &?;&?;. Cf. Awe.] 1. Offensive to the sight; contrary to beauty; being of disagreeable or loathsome aspect; unsightly; repulsive; deformed.

The ugly view of his deformed crimes.

Spenser.

Like the toad, ugly and venomous.

Shak.

O, I have passed a miserable night, So full of ugly sights, of ghastly dreams.

Shak.

2. Ill-natured; crossgrained; quarrelsome; as, an ugly temper; to feel ugly. [Colloq. U. S.]

3. Unpleasant; disagreeable; likely to cause trouble or loss; as, an ugly rumor; an ugly customer. [Colloq.]

Ug"ly (?), n. A shade for the face, projecting from the bonnet. [Colloq. Eng.] C. Kingsley.

Ug"ly, v. t. To make ugly. [R.] Richardson.

U"gri*an (?), n. pl. (Ethnol.) A Mongolian race, ancestors of the Finns. [Written also Uigrian.]

Ug"some (?), a. [&?;&?;. See Ugly.] Ugly; offensive; loathsome. [Obs.] — Ug"some*ness, n. [Obs.] "The horror and ugsomeness of death." Latimer.

Uh"lan (?), n. [G. uhlan, Pol. ulan, hulan, from Turk. ogln a youth, lad; of Tartar origin.] [Written also ulan, and formerly hulan.] 1. One of a certain description of militia among the Tartars.

2. (Mil.) One of a kind of light cavalry of Tartaric origin, first introduced into European armies in Poland. They are armed with lances, pistols, and sabers, and are employed chiefly as skirmishers.

||U*in`ta*the"ri*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Uinta, the Indian name of the ||region where the animals were discovered + Gr. qhri`on beast.] ||(Paleon.) An extinct genus of large Eocene ungulates allied to ||Dinoceras. This name is sometimes used for nearly all the known ||species of the group. See Dinoceras. || U*kase" (?), n. [F., fr. Russ. ukas'; pref. u- + kazate to show, to say.] In Russia, a published proclamation or imperial order, having the force of law.

U"lan (?), n. See Uhlan.

U*lar"bu*rong (?), n. [From the native Malay name.] (Zoöl.) A large East Indian nocturnal tree snake (Dipsas dendrophila). It is not venomous.

Ul"cer (?), n. [F. ulcère, L. ulcus, gen. ulceris, akin to Gr. &?;.] 1. (Med.) A solution of continuity in any of the soft parts of the body, discharging purulent matter, found on a surface, especially one of the natural surfaces of the body, and originating generally in a constitutional disorder; a sore discharging pus. It is distinguished from an abscess, which has its beginning, at least, in the depth of the tissues.

2. Fig.: Anything that festers and corrupts like an open sore; a vice in character.

Cold ulcer (Med.), an ulcer on a finger or toe, due to deficient circulation and nutrition. In such cases the extremities are cold.

Ul"cer, v. t. To ulcerate. [R.] Fuller.

Ul"cer*a*ble (?), a. Capable of ulcerating.

Ul"cer*ate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Ulcerated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ulcerating.] [L. ulceratus, p. p. of ulcerare, fr. ulcus ulcer.] To be formed into an ulcer; to become ulcerous.

Ul"cer*ate, v. t. To affect with, or as with, an ulcer or ulcers. Harvey.

Ul"cer*a`ted (?), a. Affected with, or as with, an ulcer or ulcers; as, an ulcerated sore throat.

Ul`cer*a"tion (?), n. [L. ulceratio: cf. F. ulcération.] (Med.) The process of forming an ulcer, or of becoming ulcerous; the state of being ulcerated; also, an ulcer.

Ul"cer*a*tive (?), a. Of or pertaining to ulcers; as, an ulcerative process.

Ul"cered (?), a. Ulcerous; ulcerated.

Ul"cer*ous (?), a. [L. ulcerous: cf. F. ulcéreux.] 1. Having the nature or character of an ulcer; discharging purulent or other matter. R. Browning.

2. Affected with an ulcer or ulcers; ulcerated.

It will but skin and film the ulcerous place.

Shak.

— Ul"cer*ous*ly, adv. — Ul"cer*ous*ness, n.

{ Ul"cus*cle (?), Ul*cus"cule (?), } n. [L. ulcusculum, dim. of ulcus. See Ulcer.] A little ulcer. [R.]

U"le (?), n. [Sp.] (Bot.) A Mexican and Central American tree (Castilloa elastica and C. Markhamiana) related to the breadfruit tree. Its milky juice contains caoutchouc. Called also ule tree.

U*le"ma (?), n. [Ar. 'ulem the wise or learned men, pl. of 'lim wise, learned, fr. alima to know.] A college or corporation in Turkey composed of the hierarchy, namely, the imams, or ministers of religion, the muftis, or doctors of law, and the cadis, or administrators of justice.

U"lex*ite (?), n. [After a German chemist.] (Min.) A mineral occurring in white rounded crystalline masses. It is a hydrous borate of lime and soda.

{ U*lig"i*nose` (?), U*lig"i*nous (?), } a. [L. uliginosus, fr. uligo, -inis, moisture, fr. uvere to be moist.] Muddy; oozy; slimy; also, growing in muddy places. [R.] Woodward.

Ul"lage (?; 48), n. [OF. eullage, ovillage, the filling up of a cask, fr. ouillier, oillier, euillier, to fill a wine cask; properly, to add oil to prevent evaporation, as to a flask that is nearly full, fr. OF. oile oil. See Oil.] (Com.) The amount which a vessel, as a cask, of liquor lacks of being full; wantage; deficiency.

Ul"let (?), n. [Cf. OF. hullote, E. howlet.] (Zoöl.) A European owl (Syrnium aluco) of a tawny color; — called also uluia.

Ull"mann*ite (?), n. [So named after J. C. Ullman, a German chemist.] (Min.) A brittle mineral of a steel-gray color and metallic luster, containing antimony, arsenic, sulphur, and nickel.

Ul*lu"co (?), n. (Bot.) See Melluc&?;o.

Ul*ma"ceous (?), a. [L. ulmus an elm.] (Bot.) Of or pertaining to a suborder of urticaceous plants, of which the elm is the type.

Ul"mate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of ulmic acid.

Ul"mic (?), a. [L. ulmus an elm: cf. F. ulmique.] (Chem.) Pertaining to ulmin; designating an acid obtained from ulmin.

Ul"min (?), n. [L. ulmus an elm: cf. F. ulmine.] (Chem.) A brown amorphous substance found in decaying vegetation. Cf. Humin. [Formerly written ulmine.]

||Ul"mus (?), n. [L., an elm.] (Bot.) A genus of trees including the ||elm. || ||Ul"na (?), n. [L., the elbow. See Ell.] 1. (Anat.) The postaxial bone ||of the forearm, or branchium, corresponding to the fibula of the hind ||limb. See Radius. || 2. (O. Eng. Law) An ell; also, a yard. Burrill.

Ul"nage (?), n. [See Ulna, and cf. Alnage.] (Old Eng. Law) Measurement by the ell; alnage.

Ul"nar (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the ulna, or the elbow; as, the ulnar nerve.

||Ul*na"re (?), n.; pl. Ulnaria (#). [NL. See Ulna.] (Anat.) One of the ||bones or cartilages of the carpus, which articulates with the ulna ||and corresponds to the cuneiform in man. || ||U`lo*den"dron (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, for &?; whole + &?; tree.] ||(Paleon.) A genus of fossil trees. || ||U`lo*na"ta (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoöl.) A division of insects nearly ||equivalent to the true Orthoptera. || U*lot"ri*chan (?), a. (Anthropol.) Of or pertaining to the Ulotrichi. — n. One of the Ulotrichi.

||U*lot"ri*chi (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, woolly-haired; &?; ||woolly + &?;, &?;, hair.] (Anthropol.) The division of mankind which ||embraces the races having woolly or crispy hair. Cf. Leiotrichi. || U*lot"ri*chous (?), a. (Anthropol.) Having woolly or crispy hair; — opposed to leiotrichous.

Ul"ster (?), n. A long, loose overcoat, worn by men and women, originally made of frieze from Ulster, Ireland.

Ul*te"ri*or (?), a. [L., comp. of ultra, ultro, beyond, on the other side, properly cases of an old adjective, formed with a comparative suffix, which is akin to OL. uls beyond, L. olim formerly, hereafter, orig., at that time, ille that, OL. olle, ollus. Cf. Outrage.] 1. Situated beyond, or on the farther side; thither; - - correlative with hither.

2. Further; remoter; more distant; succeeding; as, ulterior demands or propositions; ulterior views; what ulterior measures will be adopted is uncertain.

Ulterior object or aim, an object or aim beyond that which is avowed.

Ul*te"ri*or, n. Ulterior side or part. [R.] Coleridge.

Ul*te"ri*or*ly, adv. More distantly or remotely.

||Ul"ti*ma (?), a. [L., fem. ultimus last.] Most remote; furthest; ||final; last. || Ultima ratio [L.], the last reason or argument; the last resort. — Ultima Thule. [L.] See Thule.

Ul"ti*ma, n. [L., fem. of ultimus last.] (Gram. & Pros.) The last syllable of a word.

Ul"ti*mate (?), a. [LL. ultimatus last, extreme, fr. L. ultimare to come to an end, fr. ultimus the farthest, last, superl. from the same source as ulterior. See Ulterior, and cf. Ultimatum.] 1. Farthest; most remote in space or time; extreme; last; final.

My harbor, and my ultimate repose.

Milton.

Many actions apt to procure fame are not conductive to this our ultimate happiness.

Addison.

2. Last in a train of progression or consequences; tended toward by all that precedes; arrived at, as the last result; final.

Those ultimate truths and those universal laws of thought which we can not rationally contradict.

Coleridge.

3. Incapable of further analysis; incapable of further division or separation; constituent; elemental; as, an ultimate constituent of matter.

Ultimate analysis (Chem.), organic analysis. See under Organic. — Ultimate belief. See under Belief. — Ultimate ratio (Math.), the limiting value of a ratio, or that toward which a series tends, and which it does not pass.

Syn. — Final; conclusive. See Final.

Ul"ti*mate (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Ultimated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ultimating.] 1. To come or bring to an end; to eventuate; to end. [R.]

2. To come or bring into use or practice. [R.]

Ul"ti*mate*ly (?), adv. As a final consequence; at last; in the end; as, afflictions often tend to correct immoral habits, and ultimately prove blessings.

Ul`ti*ma"tion (?), n. State of being ultimate; that which is ultimate, or final; ultimatum. [R.] Swift.

Ul`ti*ma"tum (?), n.; pl. E. Ultimatums (#), L. Ultimata (#). [NL. See Ultimate.] A final proposition, concession, or condition; especially, the final propositions, conditions, or terms, offered by either of the parties in a diplomatic negotiation; the most favorable terms a negotiator can offer, the rejection of which usually puts an end to the hesitation.

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Ul"time (?), a. Ultimate; final. [Obs.] Bacon.

Ul*tim"i*ty (?), n. [LL. ultimatus extremity, fr. L. ultimus the last.] The last stage or consequence; finality. [Obs.] Bacon.

||Ul"ti*mo. [L. ultimo (mense) in the last month.] In the month ||immediately preceding the present; as, on the 1st ultimo; — usually ||abbreviated to ult. Cf. Proximo. || Ul"tion (?), n. [L. ultio.] The act of taking vengeance; revenge. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Ul"tra- (?), a. A prefix from the Latin ultra beyond (see Ulterior), having in composition the signification beyond, on the other side, chiefly when joined with words expressing relations of place; as, ultramarine, ultramontane, ultramundane, ultratropical, etc. In other relations it has the sense of excessively, exceedingly, beyond what is common, natural, right, or proper; as, ultraconservative; ultrademocratic, ultradespotic, ultraliberal, ultraradical, etc.

Ul"tra, a. [See Ultra-.] Going beyond others, or beyond due limit; extreme; fanatical; uncompromising; as, an ultra reformer; ultra measures.

Ul"tra, n. One who advocates extreme measures; an ultraist; an extremist; a radical. Brougham.

Ul"trage (?), n. Outrage. [Obs.]

Ul"tra*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. ultraïsme. See Ultra-.] The principles of those who advocate extreme measures, as radical reform, and the like. Dr. H. More.

Ul"tra*ist, n. One who pushes a principle or measure to extremes; an extremist; a radical; an ultra.

Ul`tra*ma*rine" (?), a. [Pref. ultra- + marine.] Situated or being beyond the sea. Burke.

Ul`tra*ma*rine", n. [Cf. Sp. ultramarino. So called because the lapis lazuli was originally brought from beyond the sea, — from Asia.] (Chem.) A blue pigment formerly obtained by powdering lapis lazuli, but now produced in large quantities by fusing together silica, alumina, soda, and sulphur, thus forming a glass, colored blue by the sodium polysulphides made in the fusion. Also used adjectively.

Green ultramarine, a green pigment obtained as a first product in the manufacture of ultramarine, into which it is changed by subsequent treatment. — Ultramarine ash or ashes (Paint.), a pigment which is the residuum of lapis lazuli after the ultramarine has been extracted. It was used by the old masters as a middle or neutral tint for flesh, skies, and draperies, being of a purer and tenderer gray that produced by the mixture of more positive colors. Fairholt.

Ul`tra*mon"tane (?), [LL. ultramontanus; L. ultra beyond + montanus belonging to a mountain, from mons, montis, mountain: cf. F. ultramontain, It. ultramontano. See Ultra-, and Mountain.] Being beyond the mountains; specifically, being beyond the Alps, in respect to the one who speaks.

This term was first applied, somewhat contemptuously, by the Italians, to the nations north of the Alps, especially the Germans and French, their painters, jurists, etc. At a later period, the French and Germans applied it to the Italians. It is now more particularly used in respect to religious matters; and ultramontane doctrines, when spoken of north of the Alps, denote the extreme views of the pope's rights and supremacy maintained by Bellarmin and other Italian writers.

Ul`tra*mon"tane, n. 1. One who resides beyond the mountains, especially beyond the Alps; a foreigner.

2. One who maintains extreme views favoring the pope's supremacy. See Ultramontanism.

Ul`tra*mon"ta*nism (?), n. [Cf. F. ultramontanisme.] The principles of those within the Roman Catholic Church who maintain extreme views favoring the pope's supremacy; - - so used by those living north of the Alps in reference to the Italians; - - rarely used in an opposite sense, as referring to the views of those living north of the Alps and opposed to the papal claims. Cf. Gallicanism.

Ul`tra*mon"ta*nist (?), n. One who upholds ultramontanism.

Ul`tra*mun"dane (?), a. [L. ultramundanus. See Ultra-, and Mundane.] Being beyond the world, or beyond the limits of our system. Boyle.

Ul`tra*red" (?), a. [Pref. ultra- + red.] (Physics) Situated beyond or below the red rays; as, the ultrated rays of the spectrum, which are less refrangible than the red.

Ul`tra*trop"ic*al (?), a. [Pref. ultra- + tropical.] Situated beyond, or outside of, the tropics; extratropical; also, having an excessively tropical temperature; warmer than the tropics.

Ul`tra*vi"o*let (?), a. [Pref. ultra- + violet.] (Physics) Lying outside the visible spectrum at its violet end; — said of rays more refrangible than the extreme violet rays of the spectrum.

||Ul`tra vi"res (?), [Law Latin, from L. prep. ultra beyond + vires, ||pl. of. vis strength.] Beyond power; transcending authority; — a ||phrase used frequently in relation to acts or enactments by ||corporations in excess of their chartered or statutory rights. || Ul`tra*zo*di"a*cal (?), a. [Pref. ultra- + zodiacal.] (Astron.) Outside the zodiac; being in that part of the heavens that is more than eight degrees from the ecliptic; as, ultrazodiacal planets, that is, those planets which in part of their orbits go beyond the zodiac.

Ul*tro"ne*ous (?), a. [L. ultroneus, from ultro to the further side, on his part, of one's own accord. See Ultra-.] Spontaneous; voluntary. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor. — Ul*tro"ne*ous*ly, adv. [Obs.] — Ul*tro"ne*ous*ness, n. [Obs.]

||Ul"u*la (?), n. [L., a screech owl.] (Zoöl.) A genus of owls ||including the great gray owl (Ulula cinerea) of Arctic America, and ||other similar species. See Illust. of Owl. || Ul"u*lant (?), a. Howling; wailing.

Ul"u*late (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Ululated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ululating.] [L. ululatus, p. p. of ululare to howl, yell, shriek.] To howl, as a dog or a wolf; to wail; as, ululating jackals. Sir T. Herbert.

Ul`u*la"tion (?), n. [L. ululatio.] A howling, as of a dog or wolf; a wailing.

He may fright others with his ululation.

Wither.

||Ul"va (?), n. [L., sedge.] (Bot.) A genus of thin papery bright green ||seaweeds including the kinds called sea lettuce. || Um"be (?), prep. [AS. ymbe; akin to OHG. umbi, G. um. Cf. Amb-.] About. [Obs.] Layamon.

Um"be*cast` (?), v. i. [Umbe + cast.] To cast about; to consider; to ponder. [Obs.] Sir T. Malory.

Um"bel (?), n. [L. umbella a little shadow, umbrella, dim. of umbra shade. See Umbrella.] (Bot.) A kind of flower cluster in which the flower stalks radiate from a common point, as in the carrot and milkweed. It is simple or compound; in the latter case, each peduncle bears another little umbel, called umbellet, or umbellule.

Um"bel*lar (?), a. (Bot.) Of or pertaining to an umbel; having the form of an umbel.

{ Um"bel*late (?), Um"bel*la`ted (?), } a. [NL. umbellatus.] (Bot.) Bearing umbels; pertaining to an umbel; umbel-like; as, umbellate plants or flowers.

Um"bel*let (?), n. (Bot.) A small or partial umbel; an umbellule.

Um*bel"lic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or obtained from, certain umbelliferous plants; as, umbellic acid.

Umbellic acid. (Chem.) (a) Anisic acid. [Obs.] (b) A yellow powder obtained from umbelliferone.

Um*bel"li*fer (?), n. [NL. See Umbelliferous.] (Bot.) A plant producing an umbel or umbels.

Um`bel*lif"er*one (?), n. (Chem.) A tasteless white crystalline substance, C9H6O3, found in the bark of a certain plant (Daphne Mezereum), and also obtained by the distillation of certain gums from the Umbelliferæ, as galbanum, asafetida, etc. It is analogous to coumarin. Called also hydroxy- coumarin.

Um`bel*lif"er*ous (?), a. [Umbel + -ferous: cf. F. ombillifère.] (Bot.) (a) Producing umbels. (b) Of or pertaining to a natural order (Umbelliferæ) of plants, of which the parsley, carrot, parsnip, and fennel are well-known examples.

||Um*bel`lu*la"ri*a (?), n. [NL. Umbellule.] (Zoöl.) A genus of ||deep-sea alcyonaria consisting of a cluster of large flowerlike ||polyps situated at the summit of a long, slender stem which stands ||upright in the mud, supported by a bulbous base. || Um"bel*lule (?), n. [NL. umbellula, dim. of umbella: cf. F. ombellule.] (Bot.) An umbellet.

Um"ber (?), n. [F. ombre ocherous ore of iron, terre d'ombre, It. terra d'ombra, literally, earth of shadow or shade, L. umbra shadow, shade. Cf. Umber, 3 & 4, Umbrage.] 1. (Paint.) A brown or reddish pigment used in both oil and water colors, obtained from certain natural clays variously colored by the oxides of iron and manganese. It is commonly heated or burned before being used, and is then called burnt umber; when not heated, it is called raw umber. See Burnt umber, below.

2. An umbrere. [Obs.]

3. [F. ombre, umbre, L. umbra.] (Zoöl.) See Grayling, 1.

4. [Cf. NL. scopus umbretta, F. ombrette; probably fr. L. umbra shade, in allusion to its dark brown color. See Umber a pigment.] (Zoöl.) An African wading bird (Scopus umbretta) allied to the storks and herons. It is dull dusky brown, and has a large occipital crest. Called also umbrette, umbre, and umber bird.

Burnt umber (Paint.), a pigment made by burning raw umber, which is changed by this process from an olive brown to a bright reddish brown. — Cologne, or German, umber, a brown pigment obtained from lignite. See Cologne earth.

Um"ber, a. Of or pertaining to umber; resembling umber; olive-brown; dark brown; dark; dusky.

Their harps are of the umber shade That hides the blush of waking day.

J. R. Drake.

Um"ber, v. t. To color with umber; to shade or darken; as, to umber over one's face. B. Jonson.

Um"ber*y (?), a. Of or pertaining to umber; like umber; as, umbery gold.

Um*bil"ic (?), n. [From L. umbilicus: cf. F. ombilic. See Navel.] 1. The navel; the center. [Obs.] "The umbilic of the world." Sir T. Herbert.

2. (Geom.) An umbilicus. See Umbilicus, 5 (b).

Um*bil"ic (?), a. (Anat.) See Umbilical, 1.

Um*bil"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. ombilical. See Umbilic, n.] 1. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to an umbilicus, or umbilical cord; umbilic.

2. Pertaining to the center; central. [R.] De Foe.

Umbilical cord. (a) (Anat.) The cord which connects the fetus with the placenta, and contains the arteries and the vein through which blood circulates between the fetus and the placenta; the navel-string. (b) (Bot.) The little stem by which the seeds are attached to the placenta; — called also funicular cord. — Umbilical hernia (Med.), hernia of the bowels at the umbilicus. — Umbilical point (Geom.), an umbilicus. See Umbilicus, 5. — Umbilical region (Anat.), the middle region of the abdomen, bounded above by the epigastric region, below by the hypogastric region, and on the sides by the lumbar regions. — Umbilical vesicle (Anat.), a saccular appendage of the developing embryo, containing the nutritive and unsegmented part of the ovum; the yolk sac. See Illust. in Appendix.

{ Um*bil"i*cate (?), Um*bil"i*ca`ted (?), } a. [L. umbilicatus. See Umbilic.] (a) Depressed in the middle, like a navel, as a flower, fruit, or leaf; navel-shaped; having an umbilicus; as, an umbilicated smallpox vesicle. (b) (Bot.) Supported by a stalk at the central point.

Um*bil"i*ca"tion (?), n. A slight, navel-like depression, or dimpling, of the center of a rounded body; as, the umbilication of a smallpox vesicle; also, the condition of being umbilicated.

||Um`bi*li"cus (?), n. [L. See Umbilic.] 1. (Anat.) The depression, or ||mark, in the median line of the abdomen, which indicates the point ||where the umbilical cord separated from the fetus; the navel. || 2. (Gr. & Rom. Antiq.) An ornamented or painted ball or boss fastened at each end of the stick on which manuscripts were rolled. Dr. W. Smith.

3. (Bot.) The hilum.

4. (Zoöl.) (a) A depression or opening in the center of the base of many spiral shells. (b) Either one of the two apertures in the calamus of a feather.

5. (Geom.) (a) One of foci of an ellipse, or other curve. [Obs.] (b) A point of a surface at which the curvatures of the normal sections are all equal to each other. A sphere may be osculatory to the surface in every direction at an umbilicus. Called also umbilic.

Um"ble pie` (?). A pie made of umbles. See To eat humble pie, under Humble.

Um"bles (?), n. pl. [See Nombles.] The entrails and coarser parts of a deer; hence, sometimes, entrails, in general. [Written also humbles.] Johnson.

||Um"bo (?), n.; pl. L. Umbones (#), E. Umbos (#). [L.] 1. The boss of ||a shield, at or near the middle, and usually projecting, sometimes in ||a sharp spike. || 2. A boss, or rounded elevation, or a corresponding depression, in a palate, disk, or membrane; as, the umbo in the integument of the larvæ of echinoderms or in the tympanic membrane of the ear.

3. (Zoöl.) One of the lateral prominence just above the hinge of a bivalve shell.

{ Um"bo*nate (?), Um"bo*na`ted (?), } a. [NL. umbonatus. See Umbo.] Having a conical or rounded projection or protuberance, like a boss.

||Um"bra (?), n.; pl. Umbræ (#). [L., a shadow.] 1. (Astron.) (a) The ||conical shadow projected from a planet or satellite, on the side ||opposite to the sun, within which a spectator could see no portion of ||the sun's disk; — used in contradistinction from penumbra. See ||Penumbra. (b) The central dark portion, or nucleus, of a sun spot. ||(c) The fainter part of a sun spot; — now more commonly called ||penumbra. || 2. (Zoöl.) Any one of several species of sciænoid food fishes of the genus Umbrina, especially the Mediterranean species (U. cirrhosa), which is highly esteemed as a market fish; — called also ombre, and umbrine.

Umbra tree (Bot.), a tree (Phytolacca diocia) of the same genus as pokeweed. It is native of South America, but is now grown in southern Europe. It has large dark leaves, and a somber aspect. The juice of its berries is used for coloring wine. J. Smith (Dict. Econ. Plants).

Um*brac`u*lif"er*ous (?), a. [L. umbraculum umbrella (dim. of umbra shade) + -ferous.] (Bot.) Bearing something like an open umbrella.

Um*brac`u*li*form (?), a. [L. umbraculum any thing that furnishes shade, a bower, umbrella (dim. of umbra a shade) + -form.] Having the form of anything that serves to shade, as a tree top, an umbrella, and the like; specifically (Bot.), having the form of an umbrella; umbrella- shaped.

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Um"brage (?; 48), n. [F. ombrage shade, suspicion, umbrage, L. umbraticus belonging to shade, fr. umbra a shade. Cf. Umber, Umbratic.] 1. Shade; shadow; obscurity; hence, that which affords a shade, as a screen of trees or foliage.

Where highest woods, impenetrable To star or sunlight, spread their umbrage broad.

Milton.

2. Shadowy resemblance; shadow. [Obs.]

The opinion carries no show of truth nor umbrage of reason on its side.

Woodward.

3. The feeling of being overshadowed; jealousy of another, as standing in one's light or way; hence, suspicion of injury or wrong; offense; resentment.

Which gave umbrage to wiser than myself.

Evelyn.

Persons who feel most umbrage from the overshadowing aristocracy.

Sir W. Scott.

Um*bra"geous (?; 277), a. [Cf. F. ombraqeux shy, skittish, suspicious, in OF. also, shady. See Umbrage.] 1. Forming or affording a shade; shady; shaded; as, umbrageous trees or foliage.

Umbrageous grots and caves Of cool recess, o'er which the mantling vine Lays forth her purple grape.

Milton.

2. Not easily perceived, as if from being darkened or shaded; obscure. [Obs.] Sir H. Wotton.

3. Feeling jealousy or umbrage; taking, or disposed to take, umbrage; suspicious. [Obs.] Bp. Warburton. — Um*bra"geous*ly, adv. — Um*bra"geous*ness, n.

Um"brate (?), v. t. [L. umbratus, p. p. of umbrare to shade, fr. umbra a shade.] To shade; to shadow; to foreshadow. [Obs.]

{ Um*brat"ic (?), Um*brat"ic*al (?), } a. [L. umbraticus, from umbra shade. See Umbrage.] Of or pertaining to the shade or darkness; shadowy; unreal; secluded; retired. [R.] B. Jonson.

Um"bra*tile (?), a. [L. umbraticus, fr. umbra shade.] Umbratic. [R.] B. Jonson.

Um*bra"tious (?), a. [L. umbra a shade. Cf. Umbrageous.] Suspicious; captious; disposed to take umbrage. [Obs. & R.] Sir H. Wotton.

Um"bre (?), n. (Zoöl.) See Umber.

Um*brel" (?), n. An umbrella. [Obs. or Colloq.]

Each of them besides bore their umbrels.

Shelton.

Um*brel"la (?), n. [It. umbrella, fr. ombra a shade, L. umbra; cf. L. umbella a sunshade, a parasol. Cf. Umbel, Umbrage.] 1. A shade, screen, or guard, carried in the hand for sheltering the person from the rays of the sun, or from rain or snow. It is formed of silk, cotton, or other fabric, extended on strips of whalebone, steel, or other elastic material, inserted, or fastened to, a rod or stick by means of pivots or hinges, in such a way as to allow of being opened and closed with ease. See Parasol.

Underneath the umbrella's oily shed.

Gay.

2. (Zoöl.) The umbrellalike disk, or swimming bell, of a jellyfish.

3. (Zoöl.) Any marine tectibranchiate gastropod of the genus Umbrella, having an umbrella-shaped shell; — called also umbrella shell.

Umbrella ant (Zoöl.), the sauba ant; - - so called because it carries bits of leaves over its back when foraging. Called also parasol ant. — Umbrella bird (Zoöl.), a South American bird (Cephalopterus ornatus) of the family Cotingidæ. It is black, with a large handsome crest consisting of a mass of soft, glossy blue feathers curved outward at the tips. It also has a cervical plume consisting of a long, cylindrical dermal process covered with soft hairy feathers. Called also dragoon bird. — Umbrella leaf (Bot.), an American perennial herb (Dyphylleia cymosa), having very large peltate and lobed radical leaves. — Umbrella shell. (Zoöl.) See Umbrella, 3. — Umbrella tree (Bot.), a kind of magnolia (M. Umbrella) with the large leaves arranged in umbrellalike clusters at the ends of the branches. It is a native of Pennsylvania, Virginia, and Kentucky. Other plants in various countries are called by this name, especially a kind of screw pine (Pandanus odoratissimus).

{ Um*brere, Um*briere } (?), n. [F. ombre a shade, L. umbra; cf. F. ombrelle a sunshade, OF. also ombrière. See Umbrella.] In ancient armor, a visor, or projection like the peak of a cap, to which a face guard was sometimes attached. This was sometimes fixed, and sometimes moved freely upon the helmet and could be raised like the beaver. Called also umber, and umbril. [Obs.]

But only vented up her umbriere.

Spenser.

Um*brette" (?), n. [F. ombrette.] (Zoöl.) See Umber, 4.

Um*brif"er*ous (?), a. [L. umbrifer; umbra a shade + ferre to bear.] Casting or making a shade; umbrageous. — Um*brif"er*ous*ly (#), adv.

Um"bril (?), n. A umbrere. [Obs.]

Um"brine (?), n. (Zoöl.) See Umbra, 2.

Um"brose` (?), a. [L. umbrosus, fr. umbra a shade.] Shady; umbrageous. [Obs.]

Um*bros"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being umbrose; shadiness. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Um*ho"fo (?), n. (Zoöl.) An African two-horned rhinoceros (Atelodus, or Rhinoceros, simus); — called also chukuru, and white rhinoceros.

||Um"laut (?), n. [G., from um about + laut sound.] (Philol.) The ||euphonic modification of a root vowel sound by the influence of a, u, ||or especially i, in the syllable which formerly followed. || It is peculiar to the Teutonic languages, and was common in Anglo-Saxon. In German the umlauted vowels resulting from a, o, u, followed by old i, are written ä, ö, ü, or ae, oe, ue; as, männer or maenner, men, from mann, man. Examples of forms resulting from umlaut in English are geese pl. of goose, men pl. of man, etc.

Um"laut*ed, a. (Philol.) Having the umlaut; as, umlauted vowels.

There is so natural connection between umlauted forms and plurality.

Earle.

Um"pi*rage (?; 48), n. [From Umpire.] 1. The office of an umpire; the power, right, or authority of an umpire to decide.

The mind umpirage of the federal Union.

E. Everett.

2. The act of umpiring; arbitrament. Bp. Hall.

Um"pire (?), n. [OE. nompere, nounpere (also impier, fr. F. impair uneven), fr. OF. nomper uneven, F. non-pair; hence the meaning, uneven, i. e., third person; non not + OF. per even, equal, peer, F. pair; cf. L. impar uneven, unequal. See Non-, and Peer, n.]

1. A person to whose sole decision a controversy or question between parties is referred; especially, one chosen to see that the rules of a game, as cricket, baseball, or the like, are strictly observed.

A man, in questions of this kind, is able to be a skillful umpire between himself and others.

Barrow.

2. (Law) A third person, who is to decide a controversy or question submitted to arbitrators in case of their disagreement. Blackstone.

Syn. — Judge; arbitrator; referee. See Judge.

Um"pire, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Umpired (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Umpiring.] 1. To decide as umpire; to arbitrate; to settle, as a dispute.

Judges appointed to umpire the matter in contest between them, and to decide where the right lies.

South.

2. To perform the duties of umpire in or for; as, to umpire a game. [Colloq.]

Um"pire, v. i. To act as umpire or arbitrator.

Um"pire*ship, n. Umpirage; arbitrament. Jewel.

Um"press (?), n. Female umpire. [R.] Marston.

Um"quhile (?), adv. [Cf. OF. umwhile for a time. See While.] Some time ago; formerly. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott. — a. Former. [Scot.]

Un-. [OE. un-, on-, the unaccented form of the accented prefix and- (cf. Answer); akin to D. ont-, G. ent-, OHG. int-, Goth. and-. See Anti-.] An inseparable verbal prefix or particle. It is prefixed: (a) To verbs to express the contrary, and not the simple negative, of the action of the verb to which it is prefixed; as in uncoil, undo, unfold. (b) To nouns to form verbs expressing privation of the thing, quality, or state expressed by the noun, or separation from it; as in unchild, unsex. Sometimes particles and participial adjectives formed with this prefix coincide in form with compounds of the negative prefix un- (see 2d Un-); as in undone (from undo), meaning unfastened, ruined; and undone (from 2d un- and done) meaning not done, not finished. Un- is sometimes used with an intensive force merely; as in unloose.

Compounds of this prefix are given in full in their proper order in the Vocabulary.

Un-. [OE. & AS. un-; akin to OFries. un-, D. on-, OS., OHG., & G. un-, Icel. -, - , Sw. o-, Dan. u-, W. an-, L. in-, Gr. &?;, &?;, Skr. an-, a-. √193. Cf. A- not In- not, No, adv.] An inseparable prefix, or particle, signifying not; in-; non-. In- is prefixed mostly to words of Latin origin, or else to words formed by Latin suffixes; un- is of much wider application, and is attached at will to almost any adjective, or participle used adjectively, or adverb, from which it may be desired to form a corresponding negative adjective or adverb, and is also, but less freely, prefixed to nouns. Un- sometimes has merely an intensive force; as in unmerciless, unremorseless.

I. Un- is prefixed to adjectives, or to words used adjectively. Specifically: —

(a) To adjectives, to denote the absence of the quality designated by the adjective; as, —

(b) To past particles, or to adjectives formed after the analogy of past particles, to indicate the absence of the condition or state expressed by them; as, —

Unabolishable

Unabsolvable

Unabsurd

Unabundant

Unaccordant

Unadoptable

Unadventurous

Unaffable

Unaffectionate

Unafraid

Unalliable

Unallowablew

Unalterable

Unambiguous

Unambitious

Unamendable

Un-American

Unamusive

Unangular

Unanxious

Unapocryphal

Unapostolic

Unapparent

Unappeasable

Unapplausive

Unappreciable

Unapprehensible

Unapprehensive

Unapproachable

Unartificial

Unartistic

Unassailable

Unattainable

Unattentive

Unauthentic

Unavailable

Unbailable

Unbearable

Unbeautiful

Unbeliefful

Unbelievable

Unbeneficial

Unbenevolent

Unblamable

Unblemishable

Unblissful

Unboastful

Unbold

Unbookish

Unbounteous

Unbribable

Unbrotherly

Unburdensome

Unbusinesslike

Unbusy

Uncandid

Uncanonical

Uncaptious

Uncareful

Uncelestial

Unceremonious

Unchallengeable

Unchangeable

Unchary

Unchastisable

Uncheerful

Uncheery

Unchildish

Unchivalrous

Uncholeri

Unchristianlike

Uncircumspect

Uncivic

Unclassible

Unclassic

Unclassical

Uncleanly

Unclear

Unclerical

Unclerklike

Unclose

Uncloudy

Unclubbable

Uncoagulable

Uncogitable

Uncollectible

Uncomic

Uncommendable

Uncommercial

Uncommunicable

Uncommunicative

Uncompact

Uncompanionable

Uncompassionate

Uncompellable

Uncompetitive

Uncomplaisant

Uncompliant Uncomplimentary

Unconcealable

Unconcurrent

Unconditionate

Unconfinable

Unconfutable

Uncongealable

Uncongenial

Unconjugal

Unconjunctive

Unconquerable

Unconsecrate

Uncontainable

Uncontaminate

Uncontradictable

Uncontrite

Unconvenable

Unconventional

Unconversable

Unconversant

Unconvertible

Uncoquettish

Uncordial

Uncorpulent

Uncorrespondent

Uncorruptible

Uncorruptive

Uncostly

Uncounselable

Uncountable

Uncounterfeit

Uncourteous

Uncourtierlike

Uncourtly

Uncrafty

Uncreatable

Uncritical

Uncrystalline

Uncultivable

Uncurious

Uncustomary

Undangerous

Undaughterly

Undead

Unddeceivable

Undecidable

Undecipherable

Undeclinable

Undecomposable

Undefinable

Undelectable

Undeliberate

Undelightful

Undeliverable

Undemocratic

Undemonstrable

Undemonstrative

Undeniable

Underogatory

Undescendible

Undescribable

Undesirable

Undesirous

Undescribable

Undevout

Undiaphonous

Undiligent

Undiminishable

Undiscernible

Undisciplinable

Undiscordant

Undiscoverable

Undissolvable

Undistinguishable

Undividable

Undivine

Undomestic

Undoubtful Undrainable

Undramatic

Undrinkable

Undurable

Unduteous

Undutiful

Unearnest

Uneatable

Unecclesiastical

Unedible

Unelaborate

Unelective

Unelusive

Unemotional

Unemphatic

Unemployable

Unendurable

Un-English

Unentire

Unenviable

Unenvious

Unepiscopal

Unequible

Unerrable

Unescapable

Unevangelical

Uneventful

Unevident

Unexact

Unexaminable

Unexceptionable

Unexclusive

Unexemplary

Unexempt

Unexhaustible

Unexistent

Unexpectable

Unexpectant

Unexplainable

Unexpress

Unexpressible

Unexpugnable

Unextinct

Unfactious

Unfadable

Unfain

Unfamiliar

Unfamous

Unfashionable

Unfast

Unfatherly

Unfathomable

Unfaulty

Unfearful

Unfeasible

Unf

Unfelicitous

Unfelt

Unfeminine

Unfermentable

Unfestival

Unfine

Unfleshy

Unfluent

Unforcible

Unfordable

Unforeknowable

Unforeseeable

Unforgetful

Unforgivable

Unformal

Unframable

Unfraternal

Unfriable

Unfrightful

Unfrustrable

Unfull

Ungainable

Ungainful

Ungallant

Ungenial

Ungenteel

Ungentle

Ungentlemanlike

Ungentlemanly

Ungeometrical

Unghostly

Unglad

Ungodlike

Ungood

Ungoodly

Ungorgeous

Ungrammatical

Ungrave

Unguidable

Unguilty

Unhabile

Unhabitable

Unhale

Unhandy

Unhardy

Unharmful

Unhasty

Unhazardous

Unhealable

Unhealthful

Unhealthy

Unheavenly

Unheedful

Unhelpful

Unheritable

Unhigh Unhonorable Unhopeful Unhostile Unhurt Unhhurtful Unhygienic Unideal Unidle Unillusory Unimaginable Unimaginative Unimmortal Unimplicit Unimportant Unimpressible Unimpressionable Unimprovable Unipugnable Unincidental Unincrasable Unindifferent Unindulgent Unindustrious Uninflammable Uninfluential Uningenious Uningenuous Uninhabitable Uninjurious Uninquisitive Uninstructive Unintelligent Unintelligible Unintentional Uninteresting Uninterpretable Uninventive Uninvestigable Unjealous Unjoyful Unjoyous Unjustifiable Unkingly Unknightly Unknotty Unknowable Unlaborious Unladylike Unlevel Unlibidinous Unlightsome Unlimber Unlineal Unlogical Unlordly Unlosable Unlovable Unlucent Unluminous Unlustrous Unlusty Unmaidenly Unmakable Unmalleable Unmanageable Unmanful Unmanlike Unmanly Unmarketable Unmarriable Unmarriageable Unmarvelous Unmasculine Unmatchable Unmatronlike Unmeek Unmeet Unmelodious Unmendable Unmentionable Unmercenary Unmerciable Unmeritable Unmerry Unmetaphorical Unmighty Unmild Unmilitary Unmindful Unmingleable Unmiraculous Unmiry Unmitigable Unmodifiable Unmodish Unmoist Unmonkish Unmotherly Unmuscular Unmusical Unmysterious Unnamable Unnative Unnavigable Unneedful Unnegotiable Unniggard Unnoble Unobjectionable <! p. 1563 !>

—— and the like.

<! p. 1564 !>

(c) To present particles which come from intransitive verbs, or are themselves employed as adjectives, to mark the absence of the activity, disposition, or condition implied by the participle; as, -

—— and the like.

The above classes of words are unlimited in extent, and such compounds may be formed by any writer or speaker at will from almost all the adjectives or participles in the language, excepting those which have a recognized and usual negative correspondent with the prefix -in. No attempt will be made, therefore, to define them all in this Dictionary; many will be omitted from its Vocabulary which are negations of the simple word, and are readily explained by prefixing a not to the latter. Derivatives of these words in -ly and -ness will also, for the most part, be omitted for the same or similar reasons.

There will be inserted as separate articles with definitions, the following: —

1. Those which have acquired an opposed or contrary, instead of a merely negative, meaning; as, unfriendly, ungraceful, unpalatable, unquiet, and the like; or else an intensive sense more than a prefixed not would express; as, unending, unparalleled, undisciplined, undoubted, unsafe, and the like.

2. Those which have the value of independent words, inasmuch as the simple words are either not used at all, or are rarely, or at least much less frequently, used; as, unavoidable, unconscionable, undeniable, unspeakable, unprecedented, unruly, and the like; or inasmuch as they are used in a different sense from the usual meaning of the primitive, or especially in one of the significations of the latter; as, unaccountable, unalloyed, unbelieving, unpretending, unreserved, and the like; or inasmuch as they are so frequently and familiarly used that they are hardly felt to be of negative origin; as, uncertain, uneven, and the like.

3. Those which are anomalous, provincial, or, for some other reason, not desirable to be used, and are so indicated; as, unpure for impure, unsatisfaction for dissatisfaction, unexpressible for inexpressible, and the like.

II. Un- is prefixed to nouns to express the absence of, or the contrary of, that which the noun signifies; as, unbelief, unfaith, unhealth, unrest, untruth, and the like.

Compounds of this last class are given in full in their proper order in the Vocabulary.

Un`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. Inability. [Obs.]

Un*a"ble (?), a. Not able; not having sufficient strength, means, knowledge, skill, or the like; impotent' weak; helpless; incapable; — now usually followed by an infinitive or an adverbial phrase; as, unable for work; unable to bear fatigue.

Sapless age and weak unable limbs.

Shak.

Un*a"bled (?), a. Disabled. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Un*a"ble*ness (?), n. Inability. [Obs.] Hales.

U"na boat` (?). (Naut.) The English name for a catboat; — so called because Una was the name of the first boat of this kind taken to England. D. Kemp.

Un`a*bridged" (?), a. Not abridged, or shortened; full; complete; entire; whole.

Un`ab*sorb"a*ble (?), a. Not absorbable; specifically (Physiol.), not capable of absorption; unable to pass by osmosis into the circulating blood; as, the unabsorbable portion of food.

Un`ac*cept`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being unacceptable; unacceptableness.

Un`ac*cept"a*ble (?), a. Not acceptable; not pleasing; not welcome; unpleasant; disagreeable; displeasing; offensive. — Un`ac*cept"a*ble*ness, n. — Un`ac*cept"a*bly, adv.

Un`ac*cess"i*ble (?), a. Inaccessible. Herbert.

Un`ac*com"plished (?), a. Not accomplished or performed; unfinished; also, deficient in accomplishment; unrefined.

Un`ac*com"plish*ment (?), n. The state of being unaccomplished. [Obs.] Milton.

Un`ac*count`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being unaccountable.

Un`ac*count"a*ble (?), a. 1. Not accountable or responsible; free from control. South.

2. Not to be accounted for; inexplicable; not consonant with reason or rule; strange; mysterious.

— Un`ac*count"a*ble*ness}, n. — Un`ac*count"a*bly, adv.

<! p. 1565 !>

Un*ac"cu*rate (?), a. Inaccurate. Boyle.

Un*ac"cu*rate*ness, n. Inaccuracy. Boyle.

Un`ac*cus"tomed (?), a. 1. Not used; not habituated; unfamiliar; unused; — which to.

Chastened as a bullock unaccustomed to yoke.

Jer. xxxi. 18.

2. Not usual; uncommon; strange; new.

What unaccustomed cause procures her hither?

Shak.

Un`ac*quaint"ance (?), n. The quality or state of being unacquainted; want of acquaintance; ignorance.

He was then in happy unacquaintance with everything connected with that obnoxious cavity.

Sir W. Hamilton.

Un`ac*quaint"ed, a. 1. Not acquainted. Cowper.

2. Not usual; unfamiliar; strange. [Obs.]

And the unacquainted light began to fear.

Spenser.

Un`ac*quaint"ed*ness, n. Unacquaintance. Whiston.

Un*ac"tive, a. Inactive; listless. [R.]

While other animals unactive range.

Milton.

Un*ac"tive, v. t. [1st pref. un- + active; or from unactive, a.] To render inactive or listless. [Obs.] Fuller.

Un*ac"tive*ness, n. Inactivity. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

{ Un`ad*mis"si*ble (?), Un`ad*mit"ta*ble (?), } a. Inadmissible. [R.]

{ Un`a*dul"ter*ate (?), Un`a*dul"ter*a`ted (?), } a. Not adulterated; pure. "Unadulterate air." Cowper. — Un`a*dul"ter*ate*ly, adv.

Un`ad*vis"a*ble (?), a. Not advisable; inadvisable; inexpedient. Lowth. — Un`ad*vis"a*bly, adv.

Un`ad*vised" (?), a. 1. Not prudent; not discreet; ill advised. Shak.

2. Done without due consideration; wanton; rash; inconsiderate; as, an unadvised proceeding.

— Un`ad*vis"ed*ly (#), adv. — Un`ad*vis"ed*ness, n.

Un`af*fect"ed (?), a. 1. Not affected or moved; destitute of affection or emotion; uninfluenced.

A poor, cold, unspirited, unmannered, Unhonest, unaffected, undone fool.

J. Fletcher.

2. Free from affectation; plain; simple; natural; real; sincere; genuine; as, unaffected sorrow.

— Un`af*fect"ed*ly, adv. — Un`af*fect"ed*ness, n.

Un`a*filed" (?), a. Undefiled. [Obs.] Gower.

Un`a*gree"a*ble (?), a. 1. Disagreeable.

2. Not agreeing or consistent; unsuitable. Shak.

— Un`a*gree"a*ble*ness, n. — Un`a*gree"a*bly, adv.

Un*aid"a*ble (?), a. Incapable of being aided. "Her unaidable estate." Shak.

Un*al"ien*a*ble (?), a. Inalienable; as, unalienable rights. Swift. — Un*al"ien*a*bly, adv.

U"nal*ist (?), n. [L. unus one.] (Eccl.) An ecclesiastical who holds but one benefice; — distinguished from pluralist. [Eng.] V. Knox.

Un`al*lied" (?), a. Not allied; having no ally; having no connection or relation; as, unallied species or genera.

Un`al*loyed" (?), a. Not alloyed; not reduced by foreign admixture; unmixed; unqualified; pure; as, unalloyed metals; unalloyed happiness.

I enjoyed unalloyed satisfaction in his company.

Mitford.

Un*almsed" (?), a. Not having received alms. [Obs. & R.] Pollock.

Un*am`bi*gu"i*ty (?), n. Absence of ambiguity; clearness; perspicuity.

Un`am*bi"tion (?), n. The absence of ambition. [R.] F. W. Newman.

Un*a`mi*a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being unamiable; moroseness.

Un*a"mi*a*ble (?), a. Not amiable; morose; ill-natured; repulsive. — Un*a"mi*a*bly, adv.

Un*an"chor (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + anchor.] To loose from the anchor, as a ship. De Quincey.

Un`a*neled" (?), a. Not aneled; not having received extreme unction. Shak.

U*nan"i*mate (?), a. [See Unanimous.] Unanimous. [Obs.]

U`na*nim"i*ty (?), n. [L. unanimitas: cf. F. unanimité.] The quality or state of being unanimous.

U*nan"i*mous (?), a. [L. unanimus, unanimus; unus one + animus mind: cf. F. unanime. See Unit, and Animate.] 1. Being of one mind; agreeing in opinion, design, or determination; consentient; not discordant or dissentient; harmonious; as, the assembly was unanimous; the members of the council were unanimous. "Both in one faith unanimous." Milton.

2. Formed with unanimity; indicating unanimity; having the agreement and consent of all; agreed upon without the opposition or contradiction of any; as, a unanimous opinion; a unanimous vote.

— U*nan"i*mous*ly, adv. — U*nan"i*mous*ness, n.

Un*an`swer*a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being unanswerable; unanswerableness.

Un*an"swer*a*ble (?), a. Not answerable; irrefutable; conclusive; decisive; as, he have an unanswerable argument. — Un*an"swer*a*ble*ness, n. — Un*an"swer*a*bly, adv.

Un*an"swered (?), a. 1. Not answered; not replied; as, an unanswered letter.

2. Not refuted; as, an unanswered argument.

3. Not responded to in kind; unrequited; as, unanswered affection.

Un`ap*palled" (?), a. Not appalled; not frightened; dauntless; undaunted. Milton.

Un`ap*par"el (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + apparel.] To divest of clothing; to strip. [Obs.] Donne.

Un`ap*peal"a*ble, a. 1. Not appealable; that can not be carried to a higher tribunal by appeal; as, an unappealable suit or action.

2. Not to be appealed from; — said of a judge or a judgment that can not be overruled.

The infallible, unappealable Judge [God].

South.

We submitted to a galling yet unappealable necessity.

Shelley.

— Un`ap*peal"a*bly, adv.

Un`ap*pli"a*ble (?), a. Inapplicable. Milton.

Un*ap"pli*ca*ble (?), a. Inapplicable.

Un`ap*pro"pri*ate (?), a. [Pref. un- not + appropriate, a.] 1. Inappropriate; unsuitable.

2. Not appropriated. Bp. Warburton.

Un`ap*pro"pri*ate (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + appropriate, v. t.] To take from private possession; to restore to the possession or right of all; as, to unappropriate a monopoly. [R.] Milton.

Un`ap*pro"pri*a`ted (?), a. [Pref. un- not + appropriated.] 1. Not specially appropriate; having not special application. J. Warton.

2. Not granted to any person, corporation, or the like, to the exclusion of others; as, unappropriated lands.

3. Not granted for, or applied to, any specific purpose; as, the unappropriated moneys in the treasury.

Un`ap*proved" (?), a. 1. Not approved.

2. Not proved. [Obs.]

Un*apt" (?), a. 1. Inapt; slow; dull. Bacon.

2. Unsuitable; unfit; inappropriate. Macaulay.

3. Not accustomed and not likely; not disposed.

I am a soldier and unapt to weep.

Shak.

— Un*apt"ly, adv. — Un*apt"ness, n.

Un`a*quit" (?), a. [See Un- not, and Acquit.] Unrequited. [R. & Obs.] Gower.

Un*ar"gued (?), a. 1. Not argued or debated.

2. Not argued against; undisputed. [Obs.] Milton.

3. Not censured. [A Latinism. Obs.] B. Jonson.

Un*arm" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + arm.] To disarm. Sir T. Browne.

Un*arm", v. i. To puff off, or lay down, one's arms or armor. "I'll unarm again." Shak.

Un*armed" (?), a. [Pref. un- not + armed.]

1. Not armed or armored; having no arms or weapons.

2. (Nat. Hist.) Having no hard and sharp projections, as spines, prickles, spurs, claws, etc.

Un*art"ed (?), a. 1. Ignorant of the arts. [Obs.] E. Waterhouse.

2. Not artificial; plain; simple. [Obs.] Feltham.

Un*art"ful (?), a. Lacking art or skill; artless. Congreve. — Un*art"ful*ly, adv. Swift. Burke.

Un`ar*tis"tic (?), a. Inartistic.

Un`a*scried" (?), a. Not descried. [Obs.]

Un`a*served" (?), a. Not served. [Obs.]

Un`as*sum"ing (?), a. Not assuming; not bold or forward; not arrogant or presuming; humble; modest; retiring; as, an unassuming youth; unassuming manners.

Un`as*sured" (?), a. 1. Not assured; not bold or confident.

2. Not to be trusted. [Obs.] Spenser.

3. Not insured against loss; as, unassured goods.

Un`a*ton"a*ble (?), a. 1. Not capable of being brought into harmony; irreconcilable. "Unatonable matrimony." [Obs.] Milton.

2. Incapable of being atoned for; inexpiable.

Un`at*tached" (?), a. 1. Not attached; not adhering; having no engagement; free.

2. (Mil.) Not assigned to any company or regiment.

3. (Law) Not taken or arrested. R. Junius.

Un`at*ten"tive (?), a. Inattentive; careless.

Un`at*tire" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + altire.] To divest of attire; to undress.

U*nau" (?), n. [Brazilian.] (Zoöl.) The two-toed sloth (Cholopus didactylus), native of South America. It is about two feet long. Its color is a uniform grayish brown, sometimes with a reddish tint.

Un*au"di*enced (?), a. Not given an audience; not received or heard.

Un`aus*pi"cious (?), a. Inauspicious. Rowe.

Un*au"thor*ize (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + authorize.] To disown the authority of; to repudiate.

Un`a*void"a*ble (?), a. 1. Not avoidable; incapable of being shunned or prevented; inevitable; necessary; as, unavoidable troubles.

2. (Law) Not voidable; incapable of being made null or void. Blackstone.

Unavoidable hemorrhage (Med.), hemorrhage produced by the afterbirth, or placenta, being situated over the mouth of the womb so as to require detachment before the child can be born.

— Un`a*void"a*ble*ness, n. — Un`a*void"a*bly, adv.

Un`a*void"ed, a. 1. Not avoided or shunned. Shak.

2. Unavoidable; inevitable. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Un`a*ware" (?), a. Not aware; not noticing; giving no heed; thoughtless; inattentive. Swift.

Un`a*ware", adv. Unawares. [Poetic] Dryden.

Un`a*wares" (?), adv. Without design or preparation; suddenly; without premeditation, unexpectedly. "Mercies lighting unawares." J. H. Newman.

Lest unawares we lose This our high place, our sanctuary, our hill.

Milton.

At unaware, or At unawares, unexpectedly; by surprise.

He breaks at unawares upon our walks.

Dryden.

So we met In this old sleepy town an at unaware.

R. Browning.

Un*backed" (?), a. 1. Never mounted by a rider; unbroken. "Unbacked colts." Shak.

2. Not supported or encouraged; not countenanced; unaided. Daniel.

Un*bag" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + bag.] To pour, or take, or let go, out of a bag or bags.

Un*bal"anced (?), a. [In senses 1 and 2, pref. un- not + balanced; in sense 3, 1st pref. un- + balance.] 1. Not balanced; not in equipoise; having no counterpoise, or having insufficient counterpoise.

Let Earth unbalanced from her orbit fly.

Pope.

2. (Com.) Not adjusted; not settled; not brought to an equality of debt and credit; as, an unbalanced account; unbalanced books.

3. Being, or being thrown, out of equilibrium; hence, disordered or deranged in sense; unsteady; unsound; as, an unbalanced mind. Pope.

Un*bal"last (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + ballast.] To free from ballast; to discharge ballast from. Totten.

Un*bal"last, a. Not ballasted. [Obs. & R.] Addison.

Un*bal"last*ed, a. 1. [Properly p. p. unballast.] Freed from ballast; having discharged ballast.

2. [Pref. un- not + ballasted.] Not furnished with ballast; not kept steady by ballast; unsteady; as, unballasted vessels; unballasted wits.

Unballasted by any sufficient weight of plan.

De Quincey.

Un*ban"ed (?), a. [1st un- + band + -ed.] Wanting a band or string; unfastened. [Obs.] Shak.

Un*bank" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + bank.] To remove a bank from; to open by, or as if by, the removal of a bank. H. Taylor.

Un*bar" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + bar.] To remove a bar or bars from; to unbolt; to open; as, to unbar a gate. Heber.

Un*barbed" (?), a. 1. Not shaven. [Obs.]

2. Destitute of bards, or of reversed points, hairs, or plumes; as, an unbarded feather.

Un*bark" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + bark rind.] To deprive of the bark; to decorticate; to strip; as, to unbark a tree. Bacon.

Un*bark", v. t. [1st pref. un- + bark the vessel.] To cause to disembark; to land. [Obs.] Hakluyt.

Un*bar"rel (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + barrel.] To remove or release from a barrel or barrels.

Un*bar`ri*cade" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + barricade.] To unbolt; to unbar; to open.

You shall not unbarricade the door.

J. Webster (1623).

Un*bar`ri*ca"doed (?), a. Not obstructed by barricades; open; as, unbarricadoed streets. Burke.

Un*bash"ful (?), a. Not bashful or modest; bold; impudent; shameless. Shak.

Un*bay" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + bay to dam.] To free from the restraint of anything that surrounds or incloses; to let loose; to open. [Obs.]

I ought . . . to unbay the current of my passion.

Norris.

Un*be" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + be.] To cause not to be; to cause to be another. [Obs. & R.]

How oft, with danger of the field beset, Or with home mutinies, would he unbe Himself!

Old Pay.

Un*bear" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + bear to support.] To remove or loose the bearing rein of (a horse).

Un*beat" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + beast.] To deliver from the form or nature of a beast.

Un`be*come" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + become.] To misbecome. [Obs.] Bp. Sherlock.

Un`be*com"ing (?), a. [Pref. un- not + becoming.] Not becoming; unsuitable; unfit; indecorous; improper.

My grief lets unbecoming speeches fall.

Dryden.

— Un`be*com"ing*ly, adv. — Un`be*com"ing*ness, n.

Un*bed" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + bed.] To raise or rouse from bed.

Eels unbed themselves and stir at the noise of thunder.

Wa&?;ton.

Un`be*dinned" (?), a. Not filled with din.

Un`be*fool" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + befool.] To deliver from the state of a fool; to awaken the mind of; to undeceive.

Un`be*get" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + beget.] To deprive of existence. Dryden.

Un`be*gilt" (?), a. Not gilded; hence, not rewarded with gold.

{ Un`be*got" (?), Un`be*got"ten (?), } a. [Pref. un- not + begot, begotten.] Not begot; not yet generated; also, having never been generated; self-existent; eternal.

Un`be*guile" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Unbeguiled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Unbeguiling.] [1st pref. un- + beguile.] To set free from the influence of guile; to undeceive. "Then unbeguile thyself." Donne.

Un`be*gun" (?), a. Not yet begun; also, existing without a beginning.

Un`be*hove"ly (?), a. Not behooving or becoming; unseemly. [Obs. & R.] Gower.

Un*be"ing (?), a. Not existing. [Obs.] "Beings yet unbeing." Sir T. Browne.

Un`be*known" (?), a. Not known; unknown. [Colloq.]

Un`be*lief" (?), n. [Pref. un- not + belief: cf. AS. ungeleáfa.] 1. The withholding of belief; doubt; incredulity; skepticism.

2. Disbelief; especially, disbelief of divine revelation, or in a divine providence or scheme of redemption.

Blind unbelief is sure to err, And scan his work in vain.

Cowper.

Syn. — See Disbelief.

Un`be*lieved" (?), a. Not believed; disbelieved.

Un`be*liev"er (?), n. 1. One who does not believe; an incredulous person; a doubter; a skeptic.

2. A disbeliever; especially, one who does not believe that the Bible is a divine revelation, and holds that Christ was neither a divine nor a supernatural person; an infidel; a freethinker.

Syn. — See Infidel.

Un`be*liev"ing, a. 1. Not believing; incredulous; doubting; distrusting; skeptical.

<! p. 1566 !>

2. Believing the thing alleged no to be true; disbelieving; especially, believing that Bible is not a divine revelation, or that Christ was not a divine or a supernatural person. "Unbelieving Jews." Acts xiv. 2.

— Un`be*liev"ing*ly (#), adv. — — Un`be*liev"ing*ness, n.

Un*belt" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + belt.] To remove or loose the belt of; to ungird.

Un*bend" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Unbent (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Unbending.] [1st pref. un- + bend.] 1. To free from flexure; to make, or allow to become, straight; to loosen; as, to unbend a bow.

2. A remit from a strain or from exertion; to set at ease for a time; to relax; as, to unbend the mind from study or care.

You do unbend your noble strength.

Shak.

3. (Naut.) (a) To unfasten, as sails, from the spars or stays to which they are attached for use. (b) To cast loose or untie, as a rope.

Un*bend", v. i. 1. To cease to be bent; to become straight or relaxed.

2. To relax in exertion, attention, severity, or the like; hence, to indulge in mirth or amusement.

Un*bend"ing, a. [In senses 1, 2, and 3, pref. un- not + bending; in sense 4, properly p. pr. unbend.]

1. Not bending; not suffering flexure; not yielding to pressure; stiff; — applied to material things.

Flies o'er unbending corn, and skims along the main.

Pope.

2. Unyielding in will; not subject to persuasion or influence; inflexible; resolute; — applied to persons.

3. Unyielding in nature; unchangeable; fixed; — applied to abstract ideas; as, unbending truths.

4. Devoted to relaxation or amusement. [R.]

It may entertain your lordships at an unbending hour.

Rowe.

— Un*bend"ing*ly, adv. — Un*bend"ing*ness, n.

Un`be*nev"o*lence (?), n. Absence or want of benevolence; ill will.

Un`be*nign" (?), a. Not benign; malignant.

Un`be*numb" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + benumb.] To relieve of numbness; to restore sensation to.

Un`be*reav"en (?), a. Unbereft. [R.]

Un`be*reft" (?), a. Not bereft; not taken away.

Un`be*seem" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + beseem.] To be unbecoming or unsuitable to; to misbecome.

Un`be*seem"ing, a. [Pref. un- not + beseeming.] Unbecoming; not befitting. — Un`be*seem"ing*ly, adv. — Un`be*seem"ing*ness, n.

Un`be*speak" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + bespeak.] To unsay; hence, to annul or cancel. [Obs.] Pepys.

Un`be*think" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + bethink.] To change the mind of (one's self). [Obs.]

Un`be*ware" (?), adv. Unawares. [Obs.] Bale.

Un`be*witch" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + bewitch.] To free from a spell; to disenchant. [R.] South.

Un*bi"as (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + bias.] To free from bias or prejudice. Swift.

Un*bi"ased (?), a. [Pref. un- + biased.] Free from bias or prejudice; unprejudiced; impartial. — Un*bi"ased*ness, n.

{ Un*bid" (?), Un*bid"den (?), } a. 1. Not bidden; not commanded.

Thorns also and thistles it shall bring thee forth Unbid; and thou shalt eat the herb of the field.

Milton.

2. Uninvited; as, unbidden guests. Shak.

3. Being without a prayer. [Obs.] Spenser.

Un*bind" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Unbound (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Unbinding.] [AS. unbindan. See Un-, and Bind.] To remove a band from; to set free from shackles or fastenings; to unite; to unfasten; to loose; as, unbind your fillets; to unbind a prisoner's arms; to unbind a load.

Un*bish"op (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + bishop.] To deprive, as a city, of a bishop; to deprive, as a clergyman, of episcopal dignity or rights. [R.] "Then he unbishops himself." Milton.

Un*bit" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Unbitted; p. pr. & vb. n. Unbitting.] [1st pref. un- + bit.] (Naut.) To remove the turns of (a rope or cable) from the bits; as, to unbit a cable. Totten.

Un*blem"ished (?), a. Not blemished; pure; spotless; as, an unblemished reputation or life. Addison.

Un*bless" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + bless.] To deprive of blessings; to make wretched. [Obs.] Shak.

{ Un*blessed", Un*blest } (?), a. [Pref. un- not + blessed, blest.] Not blest; excluded from benediction; hence, accursed; wretched. "Unblessed enchanter." Milton.

Un*blest"ful (?), a. Unblessed. [R.] Sylvester.

Un*blind" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + blind.] To free from blindness; to give or restore sight to; to open the eyes of. [R.] J. Webster (1607).

Un*blind"fold` (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + blindfold.] To free from that which blindfolds. Spenser.

Un*blood"y (?), a. Not bloody. Dryden.

Unbloody sacrifice. (a) A sacrifice in which no victim is slain. (b) (R. C. Ch.) The Mass.

Un*blush"ing (?), a. Not blushing; shameless. — Un*blush"ing*ly, adv.

Un*bod"y (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + body.] To free from the body; to disembody.

Her soul unbodied of the burdenous corse.

Spenser.

Un*bod"y, v. i. To leave the body; to be disembodied; — said of the soul or spirit. [R.] Chaucer.

Un*bolt" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + bolt.] To remove a bolt from; to unfasten; to unbar; to open. "He shall unbolt the gates." Shak.

Un*bolt", v. i. To explain or unfold a matter; to make a revelation. [Obs.] "I will unbolt to you." Shak.

Un*bone" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + bone.]

1. To deprive of bones, as meat; to bone.

2. To twist about, as if boneless. [R.] Milton.

Un*bon"net (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + bonnet.] To take a bonnet from; to take off one's bonnet; to uncover; as, to unbonnet one's head. Sir W. Scott.

Un*booked" (?), a. Not written in a book; unrecorded. "UnbookedEnglish life." Masson.

Un*boot" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + boot.] To take off the boots from.

Un*born" (?), a. Not born; no yet brought into life; being still to appear; future.

Some unborn sorrow, ripe in fortune's womb.

Shak.

See future sons, and daughters yet unborn.

Pope.

Un*bor"rowed (?), a. Not borrowed; being one's own; native; original.

Un*bos"om (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Unbosomed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Unbosoming.] [1st pref. un- + bosom.] To disclose freely; to reveal in confidence, as secrets; to confess; — often used reflexively; as, to unbosom one's self. Milton.

Un*bos"om*er (?), n. One who unbosoms, or discloses. [R.] "An unbosomer of secrets." Thackeray.

Un*bot"tomed (?), a. 1. [1st pref. un- + bottom + -ed.] Deprived of a bottom.

2. [Pref. un- not + bottomed.] Having no bottom; bottomless. Milton.

Un*bound" (?), imp. & p. p. of Unbind.

Un*bound"a*bly (?), adv. Infinitely. [Obs.]

I am . . . unboundably beholding to you.

J. Webster (1607).

Un*bound"ed, a. Having no bound or limit; as, unbounded space; an, unbounded ambition. Addison. — Un*bound"ed*ly, adv. — Un*bound"ed*ness, n.

Un*bow" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + bow.] To unbend. [R.] Fuller.

Un*bowed" (?), a. [Pref. un- not + bowed.] Not bent or arched; not bowed down. Byron.

Un*bow"el (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Unboweled (?) or Unbowelled; p. pr. & vb. n. Unboweling or Unbowelling.] [1st pref. un- + bowel.] To deprive of the entrails; to disembowel. Dr. H. More.

Un*box" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + box.] To remove from a box or boxes.

Un*boy" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + boy.] To divest of the traits of a boy. [R.] Clarendon.

Un*brace" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + brace.] To free from tension; to relax; to loose; as, to unbrace a drum; to unbrace the nerves. Spenser.

Un*braid" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + braid.] To separate the strands of; to undo, as a braid; to unravel; to disentangle.

Un*breast" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + breast.] To disclose, or lay open; to unbosom. [Obs.] P. Fletcher,

Un*breathed" (?), a. 1. Not breathed.

2. Not exercised; unpracticed. [Obs.] "Their unbreathed memories." Shak.

Un*bred" (?), a. 1. Not begotten; unborn. [Obs.] "Thou age unbred." Shak.

2. Not taught or trained; — with to. Dryden.

3. Not well-bred; ill-bred. [Obs.] Locke.

Un*breech" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Unbreeched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Unbreching.] [1st pref. un- + breech.] 1. To remove the breeches of; to divest or strip of breeches. Shak.

2. (Gun.) To free the breech of, as a cannon, from its fastenings or coverings. Pennant.

Un*brewed" (?), a. Not made by brewing; unmixed; pure; genuine. [R.] Young.

Un*bri"dle (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + bridle.] To free from the bridle; to set loose.

Un*bri"dled (?), a. [Pref. un- not + bridled.] Loosed from the bridle, or as from the bridle; hence, unrestrained; licentious; violent; as, unbridled passions. "Unbridled boldness." B. Jonson.

Lands deluged by unbridled floods.

Wordsworth.

— Un*bri"dled*ness, n. Abp. Leighton.

Un*bro"ken (?), a. Not broken; continuous; unsubdued; as, an unbroken colt.

Un*buc"kle (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + buckle.] To loose the buckles of; to unfasten; as, to unbuckle a shoe. "Unbuckle anon thy purse." Chaucer.

Un*build (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + build.] To demolish; to raze. "To unbuild the city." Shak.

Un*bun"dle (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + bundle.] To release, as from a bundle; to disclose.

Un*bung" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + bung.] To remove the bung from; as, to unbung a cask.

Un*bur"den (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + burden.] 1. To relieve from a burden.

2. To throw off, as a burden; to unload.

Un*bur"i*a*ble (?), a. Not ready or not proper to be buried. Tennyson.

Un*bur"row (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + burrow.] To force from a burrow; to unearth.

Un*bur"then (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + burthen.] To unburden; to unload.

Un*bur"y (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + bury.] To disinter; to exhume; fig., to disclose.

Un*bus"ied (?), a. Not required to work; unemployed; not busy. [R.]

These unbusied persons can continue in this playing idleness till it become a toil.

Bp. Rainbow

Un*but"ton (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + button.] To loose the buttons of; to unfasten.

Un*bux"om (?), a. Disobedient. [Obs.] Piers Plowman. — Un*bux"om*ly, adv. [Obs.] — Un*bux"om*ness, n. [Obs.]

Un*cage" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + cage.] To loose, or release, from, or as from, a cage.

Un*called"-for` (?), a. Not called for; not required or needed; improper; gratuitous; wanton.

Un*calm" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + calm.] To disturb; to disquiet. Dryden.

Un*camp" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + camp.] To break up the camp of; to dislodge from camp. [R.]

If they could but now uncamp their enemies.

Milton.

Un*can"ny (?), a. Not canny; unsafe; strange; weird; ghostly. Sir W. Scott. — Un*can"ni*ness, n. G. Eliot.

Un*can"on*ize (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + canonize.] 1. To deprive of canonical authority.

2. To reduce from the rank of a canonized saint.

Un*cap" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + cap.] To remove a cap or cover from.

Un*ca"pa*ble (?), a. Incapable. [Obs.] "Uncapable of conviction." Locke.

Un*cape" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + cape.] To remove a cap or cape from. [Obs.]

Un*cap"per (?), n. An instrument for removing an explode cap from a cartridge shell.

Un*car"di*nal (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + cardinal.] To degrade from the cardinalship.

Un*cared" (?), a. Not cared for; not heeded; — with for.

Un*car"nate (?), a. Not fleshy; specifically, not made flesh; not incarnate. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

Un*car"nate (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + carnate.] To divest of flesh.

Un*cart" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + cart.] To take from, or set free from, a cart; to unload.

Un*case" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + case.]

1. To take out of a case or covering; to remove a case or covering from; to uncover. L'Estrange.

2. To strip; to flay. [Obs.]

3. (Mil.) To display, or spread to view, as a flag, or the colors of a military body.

Un*cas"tle (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + castle.] To take a castle from; to turn out of a castle.

Un*caused" (?), a. Having no antecedent cause; uncreated; self-existent; eternal. A. Baxter.

Un*cau"te*lous (?), a. Incautious. [Obs.]

Un*cau"tious (?), a. Incautious.

Un*cau"tious*ly, adv. Incautiously.

Unce (?), n. [L. uncus hook.] A claw. [Obs.]

Unce, n. [L. uncia ounce. See Ounce a weight.] An ounce; a small portion. [Obs.] "By unces hung his locks." Chaucer.

Un*ceas"a*ble (?), a. Not capable of being ended; unceasing. [R.]

{ Un*cen"ter, Un*cen"tre } (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + center.] To throw from its center.

Un*cen"tu*ry (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + century.] To remove from its actual century. [R.]

It has first to uncentury itself.

H. Drummond.

Un*cer"tain (?), a. [Pref. un- + certain. Cf. Incertain.] 1. Not certain; not having certain knowledge; not assured in mind; distrustful. Chaucer.

Man, without the protection of a superior Being, . . . is uncertain of everything that he hopes for.

Tillotson.

2. Irresolute; inconsonant; variable; untrustworthy; as, an uncertain person; an uncertain breeze.

O woman! in our hours of ease, Uncertain, coy, and hard to please!

Sir W. Scott.

3. Questionable; equivocal; indefinite; problematical. "The fashion of uncertain evils." Milton.

From certain dangers to uncertain praise.

Dryden.

4. Not sure; liable to fall or err; fallible.

Soon bent his bow, uncertain in his aim.

Dryden.

Whistling slings dismissed the uncertain stone.

Gay.

Syn. — See Precarious.

Un*cer"tain, v. t. [1st pref. un- + certain; or fr. uncertain, a.] To make uncertain. [Obs.] Sir W. Raleigh.

Un*cer"tain*ly, adv. In an uncertain manner.

Un*cer"tain*ty (?), n.; pl. Uncertainties (&?;).

1. The quality or state of being uncertain.

2. That which is uncertain; something unknown.

Our shepherd's case is every man's case that quits a moral certainty for an uncertainty.

L'Estrange.

Un*ces"sant (?), a. Incessant. [Obs.] Dr. H. More. — Un*ces"sant*ly, adv. [Obs.]

Un*chain" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + chain.] To free from chains or slavery; to let loose. Prior.

Un*chan"cy (?), a. [Pref un- + Scot. chancy fortunate, safe.] 1. Happening at a bad time; unseasonable; inconvenient. A. Trollope.

2. Ill-fated; unlucky. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

3. Unsafe to meddle with; dangerous. [Scot.]

Un*chap"lain (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + chaplain.] To remove from a chaplaincy.

Un*charge" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + charge.]

1. To free from a charge or load; to unload. Wyclif.

2. To free from an accusation; to make no charge against; to acquit. Shak.

Un*char"i*ot (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + chariot.] To throw out of a chariot. Pope.

Un*char"i*ta*ble (?), a. Not charitable; contrary to charity; severe in judging; harsh; censorious; as, uncharitable opinions or zeal. Addison. — Un*char"i*ta*ble*ness, n. — Un*char"i*ta*bly, adv.

Un*char"i*ty (?), n. Uncharitableness. Tennyson.

'T were much uncharity in you.

J. Webster.

Un*charm" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + charm.] To release from a charm, fascination, or secret power; to disenchant. Beau. & Fl.

Un*char"nel (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Uncharneled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Uncharneling.] [1st pref. un- + charnel.] To remove from a charnel house; to raise from the grave; to exhume. Byron.

Un*chaste" (?), a. Not chaste; not continent; lewd. — Un*chaste"ly, adv. — Un*chaste"ness, n.

Un*chas"ti*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being unchaste; lewdness; incontinence.

Un*check"a*ble (?), a. Not capable of being checked or stopped. [R.]

Un*child" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + child.]

1. To bereave of children; to make childless. Shak.

2. To make unlike a child; to divest of the characteristics of a child. Bp. Hall.

Un*chris"ten (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + christen.] To render unchristian. [Obs. & R.] Milton.

<! p. 1567 !>

Un*chris"tened (?), a. [Pref. un- not + christened.] Not christened; as, an unchristened child.

Un*chris"tian (?), a. [Pref. un- not + Christian.] 1. Not Christian; not converted to the Christian faith; infidel.

2. Contrary to Christianity; not like or becoming a Christian; as, unchristian conduct.

Un*chris"tian, v. t. [1st pref. un- + Christian.] To make unchristian. [Obs.] South.

Un*chris"tian*ize (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + Christianize.] To turn from the Christian faith; to cause to abandon the belief and profession of Christianity.

Un*chris"tian*ly, a. Unchristian. Milton.

Un*chris"tian*ly, adv. In an unchristian manner.

Un*chris"tian*ness, n. The quality or state of being unchristian. [R.] Eikon Basilike.

Un*church" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + church.] 1. To expel, or cause to separate, from a church; to excommunicate. Sir M. Hale.

2. To deprive of the character, privileges, and authority of a church. South.

||Un"ci*a (?), n.; pl. Unciæ (#). [L. See Ounce a measure of weight.] ||1. (Rom. Antiq.) A twelfth part, as of the Roman as; an ounce. || 2. (Alg.) A numerical coefficient in any particular case of the binomial theorem. [Obs.]

Un"cial (?), a. [L. uncialis amounting to the twelfth part of a pound or a foot, from uncia the twelfth part of a pound or of a foot, an ounce, an inch: cf. F. oncial. See Inch a measure.] Of, pertaining to, or designating, a certain style of letters used in ancient manuscripts, esp. in Greek and Latin manuscripts. The letters are somewhat rounded, and the upstrokes and downstrokes usually have a slight inclination. These letters were used as early as the 1st century b. c., and were seldom used after the 10th century a. d., being superseded by the cursive style.

Un"cial, n. An uncial letter.

||Un`ci*a"tim (?), adv. [L.] Ounce by ounce. || Un"ci*form (?), a. [L. uncus a hook + -form.] Having the shape of a hook; being of a curved or hooked from; hooklike.

Unciform bone (Anat.), a bone of the carpus at the bases of the fourth and fifth metacarpals; the hamatum.

Un"ci*form, n. (Anat.) The unciform bone. See Illust. of Perissodactyla.

||Un`ci*na"ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. uncinus a hook.] (Zoöl.) A ||division of marine chætopod annelids which are furnished with uncini, ||as the serpulas and sabellas. || Un"ci*nate (?), a. [L. uncinatus, from uncinus a hook, from uncus a hook.] Hooked; bent at the tip in the form of a hook; as, an uncinate process.

||Un`ci*na"tum (?), n. [NL., from L. uncinatus hooked.] (Anat.) The ||unciform bone. || ||Un*ci"nus (?), n.; pl. Uncini (#). [L., a hook.] (Zoöl.) One of the ||peculiar minute chitinous hooks found in large numbers in the tori of ||tubicolous annelids belonging to the Uncinata. || Un*ci"pher (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + cipher.] To decipher; as, to uncipher a letter. [Obs.] Sir W. Temple.

Un*cir"cum*cised (?), n. Not circumcised; hence, not of the Israelites. "This uncircumcised Philistine." 1 Sam. xvii. 26.

Un*cir`cum*ci"sion (?), n. 1. The absence or want of circumcision.

2. (Script.) People not circumcised; the Gentiles.

Un*cir`cum*stand"tial (?), a. 1. Not circumstantial; not entering into minute particulars.

2. Not important; not pertinent; trivial. [Obs.]

Un*cit"y (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + city.] To deprive of the rank or rights of a city. [Obs.]

Un*civ"il (?), a. 1. Not civilized; savage; barbarous; uncivilized.

Men can not enjoy the rights of an uncivil and of a civil state together.

Burke.

2. Not civil; not complaisant; discourteous; impolite; rude; unpolished; as, uncivil behavior.

Un`ci*vil"i*ty (?), n. Incivility. [Obs.]

Un*civ`i*li*za"tion (?), n. The state of being uncivilized; savagery or barbarism. [R.]

Un*civ"i*lized (?), a. 1. Not civilized; not reclaimed from savage life; rude; barbarous; savage; as, the uncivilized inhabitants of Central Africa.

2. Not civil; coarse; clownish. [R.] Addison.

Un*civ"il*ty, adv. In an uncivil manner.

Un*clasp" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + clasp.] To loose the clasp of; to open, as something that is fastened, or as with, a clasp; as, to unclasp a book; to unclasp one's heart.

Un"cle (?), n. [OE. uncle, OF. oncle, uncle, F. oncle, fr. L. avunculus a maternal uncle, dim. of avus a grandfather; akin to Lith. avynas uncle, Goth. aw&?; grandmother, Icel. i great grandfather.] 1. The brother of one's father or mother; also applied to an aunt's husband; — the correlative of aunt in sex, and of nephew and niece in relationship.

2. A pawnbroker. [Slang] Thackeray.

My uncle, a pawnbroker. [Slang] — Uncle Sam, a humorous appellation given to the United States Government. See Uncle Sam, in Dictionary of Noted Names in Fiction.

Un*clean" (?), a. [AS. uncl&?;ne. See Unnot, and Clean.] 1. Not clean; foul; dirty; filthy.

2. Ceremonially impure; needing ritual cleansing.

He that toucheth the dead body of any man shall be unclean seven days.

Num. xix. 11.

3. Morally impure. "Adultery of the heart, consisting of inordinate and unclean affections." Perkins.

— Un*clean"ly, adv. — Un*clean"ness, n.

Unclean animals (Script.), those which the Israelites were forbidden to use for food. — Unclean spirit (Script.), a wicked spirit; a demon. Mark i. 27.

Un*cleans"a*ble (?), a. Incapable of being cleansed or cleaned.

Un*clench" (?), v. t. Same as Unclinch.

Un"cle*ship (?), n. The office or position of an uncle. Lamb.

Un*clew" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + clew.] To unwind, unfold, or untie; hence, to undo; to ruin. Shak.

Un*clinch" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + clinch.] To cause to be no longer clinched; to open; as, to unclinch the fist. [Written also unclench.]

Un*cling" (?), v. i. [1st pref. un- + cling.] To cease from clinging or adhering. [Obs.] Milton.

Un*cloak" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + cloak.] To remove a cloak or cover from; to deprive of a cloak or cover; to unmask; to reveal.

Un*cloak", v. i. To remove, or take off, one's cloak.

Un*clog", v. t. [1st pref. un- + clog.] To disencumber of a clog, or of difficulties and obstructions; to free from encumbrances; to set at liberty. Shak.

Un*clois"ter (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + cloister.] To release from a cloister, or from confinement or seclusion; to set free; to liberate.

Un*close" (?), v. t. & i. [1st pref. un- + close.] 1. To open; to separate the parts of; as, to unclose a letter; to unclose one's eyes.

2. To disclose; to lay open; to reveal.

Un*closed" (?), a. [Pref. un- not + closed.]

1. Not separated by inclosures; open. Clarendon.

2. Not finished; not concluded. [R.] Madison.

3. Not closed; not sealed; open. Byron.

Un*clothe" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + clothe.] To strip of clothes or covering; to make naked. I. Watts.

[We] do groan being burdened; not for that we would be unclothed, but clothed upon.

2 Cor. v. 4.

Un*clothed" (?), a. 1. [Properly p. p. of unclothe.] Divested or stripped of clothing. Byron.

2. [Pref. un- not + clothed.] Not yet clothed; wanting clothes; naked.

— Un*cloth"ed*ly (#), adv. [Obs.] Bacon.

Un*cloud" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + cloud.] To free from clouds; to unvail; to clear from obscurity, gloom, sorrow, or the like. Beau. & Fl.

Un*clue" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + clue.] To unwind; to untangle.

Un*clutch" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + clutch.]

1. To open, as something closely shut. "Unclutch his griping hand." Dr. H. More.

2. (Mech.) To disengage, as a clutch.

Un"co (?), a. [Scot. The same word as E. uncouth.] Unknown; strange, or foreign; unusual, or surprising; distant in manner; reserved. [Scot.]

Un"co, adv. In a high degree; to a great extent; greatly; very. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

Un"co, n. A strange thing or person. [Scot.]

Un*coach" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + coach.] To detach or loose from a coach. [Obs.] Chapman.

Un*cock" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + cock.] 1. To let down the cock of, as a firearm.

2. To deprive of its cocked shape, as a hat, etc.

3. To open or spread from a cock or heap, as hay.

Un*cof"fle (?; 115), v. t. [1st pref. un- + coffle.] To release from a coffle.

Un*coif" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + coif.] To deprive of the coif or cap. Young.

Un*coil" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + coil.] To unwind or open, as a coil of rope. Derham.

Un*coined" (?), a. 1. Not coined, or minted; as, uncoined silver. Locke.

2. Not fabricated; not artificial or counterfeit; natural. "Plain and uncoined constancy." Shak.

Un*colt" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + colt.] To unhorse. [Obs. & R.] Shak.

Un`com*bine" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + combine.] To separate, as substances in combination; to release from combination or union. [R.] Daniel.

Un`come*at"a*ble (?), a. Not to be come at, or reached; inaccessible. [Colloq.] Addison.

My honor is infallible and uncomeatable.

Congreve.

Un*come"ly (?), a. Not comely. — adv. In an uncomely manner. 1 Cor. vii. 36.

Un*com"fort*a*ble (?), a. 1. Feeling discomfort; uneasy; as, to be uncomfortable on account of one's position.

2. Causing discomfort; disagreeable; unpleasant; as, an uncomfortable seat or situation.

The most dead, uncomfortable time of the year.

Addison.

— Un*com"fort*a*ble*ness, n. — Un*com"fort*a*bly, adv.

Un*com"mon (?), a. Not common; unusual; infrequent; rare; hence, remarkable; strange; as, an uncommon season; an uncommon degree of cold or heat; uncommon courage.

Syn. — Rare; scarce; infrequent; unwonted.

— Un*com"mon*ly, adv. — Un*com"mon*ness, n.

Un`com*plete" (?), a. Incomplete. Pope.

Un*com`pre*hend (?), v. t. [1st un- + comprehend.] To fail to comprehend. [R.] Daniel.

Un*com`pre*hen"sive (?), a. 1. Unable to comprehend.

Narrow-spirited, uncomprehensive zealots.

South.

2. Incomprehensible. [Obs.] Shak.

Un*com"pro*mi`sing (?), a. Not admitting of compromise; making no truce or concessions; obstinate; unyielding; inflexible. — Un*com"pro*mi`sing*ly, adv.

Un`con*ceiv"a*ble (?), a. Inconceivable. [Obs.] Locke. — Un`con*ceiv"a*ble*ness, n. [Obs.] — Un`con*ceiv"a*bly, adv. [Obs.]

Un`con*cern" (?), n. Want of concern; absence of anxiety; freedom from solicitude; indifference.

A listless unconcern, Cold, and averting from our neighbor's good.

Thomson.

Un`con*cerned" (?), a. Not concerned; not anxious or solicitous; easy in mind; carelessly secure; indifferent; as, to be unconcerned at what has happened; to be unconcerned about the future. — Un`con*cern"ed*ly (#), adv. — Un`con*cern"ed*ness, n.

Happy mortals, unconcerned for more.

Dryden.

Un`con*cern"ing, a. Not interesting of affecting; insignificant; not belonging to one. [Obs.] Addison.

Un`con*cern"ment (?), n. The state of being unconcerned, or of having no share or concern; unconcernedness. [Obs.] South.

{ Un`con*clud"ent (?), Un`con*clud"ing (?), } a. Inconclusive. [Obs.] Locke.

— Un`con*clud"ing*ness, n. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

Un`con*clu"sive (?), a. Inconclusive. [Obs.]

Un`con*di"tion*al (?), a. Not conditional limited, or conditioned; made without condition; absolute; unreserved; as, an unconditional surrender.

O, pass not, Lord, an absolute decree, Or bind thy sentence unconditional.

Dryden.

— Un`con*di"tion*al*ly, adv.

Un`con*di"tioned (?), a. 1. Not conditioned or subject to conditions; unconditional.

2. (Metaph.) Not subject to condition or limitations; infinite; absolute; hence, inconceivable; incogitable. Sir W. Hamilton.

The unconditioned (Metaph.), all that which is inconceivable and beyond the realm of reason; whatever is inconceivable under logical forms or relations.

Un*con"fi*dence (?), n. Absence of confidence; uncertainty; doubt.

Un`con*form" (?), a. Unlike. [Obs.]

Not unconform to other shining globes.

Milton.

Un`con*form`a*bil"i*ty, n. 1. The quality or state of being unconformable; unconformableness.

2. (Geol.) Want of parallelism between one series of strata and another, especially when due to a disturbance of the position of the earlier strata before the latter were deposited.

Un`con*form"a*ble (?), a. 1. Not conformable; not agreeable; not conforming.

Moral evil is an action unconformable to it [the rule of our duty].

I. Watts.

2. (Geol.) Not conformable; not lying in a parallel position; as, unconformable strata.

— Un`con*form"a*ble*ness, n. — Un`con*form"a*bly, adv.

Un`con*form"ist, n. A nonconformist. [Obs.]

Un`con*form"i*ty, n. 1. Want of conformity; incongruity; inconsistency. South.

2. (Geol.) Want of parallelism between strata in contact.

With some authors unconformity is equivalent to unconformability; but it is often used more broadly, for example, to include the case when the parallelism of strata once conformable has been disturbed by faulting and the like.

Un`con*found" (?), v. t. [1st un- + confound.] To free from a state of confusion, or of being confounded. Milton.

Un`con*found"ed (?), a. [Pref. un- not + confounded.] Not confounded. Bp. Warburton.

Un`con*geal" (?), v. i. [1st un- + congeal.] To thaw; to become liquid again. Tennyson.

Un*con"ning (?), a. Not knowing; ignorant. [Obs.] Chaucer. — n. Ignorance. [Obs.]

Un*con"quer*a*ble (?), a. Not conquerable; indomitable. — Un*con"quer*a*bly, adv.

Un*con"scion*a*ble (?), a. 1. Not conscionable; not conforming to reason; unreasonable; exceeding the limits of any reasonable claim or expectation; inordinate; as, an unconscionable person or demand; unconscionable size.

Which use of reason, most reasonless and unconscionable, is the utmost that any tyrant ever pretended.

Milton.

His giantship is gone somewhat crestfallen, Stalking with less unconscionable strides.

Milton.

2. Not guided by, or conformed to, conscience. [Obs.]

Ungenerous as well as unconscionable practices.

South.

— Un*con"scion*a*ble*ness, n. — Un*con"scion*a*bly, adv.

Un*con"scious (?), a. 1. Not conscious; having no consciousness or power of mental perception; without cerebral appreciation; hence, not knowing or regarding; ignorant; as, an unconscious man. Cowper.

2. Not known or apprehended by consciousness; as, an unconscious cerebration. "Unconscious causes." Blackmore.

3. Having no knowledge by experience; — followed by of; as, a mule unconscious of the yoke. Pope.

— Un*con"scious-ly, adv. — Un*con"scious*ness, n.

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Un*con"se*crate (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + consecrate.] To render not sacred; to deprive of sanctity; to desecrate. [Obs.] South.

Un*con`se*quen"tial (?), a. Inconsequential. Johnson.

Un`con*sid"er*ate (?), a. Inconsiderate; heedless; careless. [Obs.] Daniel. — Un`con*sid"er*ate*ness, n. [Obs.] Hales.

Un`con*sid"ered (?), a. Not considered or attended to; not regarded; inconsiderable; trifling.

A snapper-up of unconsidered trifles.

Shak.

Un*con"so*nant (?), a. Incongruous; inconsistent. "A thing unconsonant." Hooker.

Un`con*spic"u*ous (?), a. Inconspicuous. [R.] Ed. Rev.

Un*con"stan*cy (?), n. Inconstancy. [Obs.] "The unconstancy of the foundation." Fuller.

Un*con"stant (?), a. Not constant; inconstant; fickle; changeable. [Obs.] Shak. — Un*con"stant*ly, adv. [Obs.] — Un*con"stant*ness, n. [Obs.]

Un*con`sti*tu"tion*al (?), a. Not constitutional; not according to, or consistent with, the terms of a constitution of government; contrary to the constitution; as, an unconstitutional law, or act of an officer. Burke. — Un*con`sti*tu"tion*al"i*ty (#), n. — Un*con`sti*tu"tion*al-ly (#), adv.

Un`con*straint" (?), n. Freedom from constraint; ease. Felton.

Un`con*sum"mate (?), a. Not consummated; not accomplished. [Obs.] Dryden.

Un`con*test"a*ble (?), a. Incontestable.

Un*con"ti*nent (?), a. Not continent; incontinent. Wyclif (2 Tim. iii. 3).

Un`con*trol"la*ble (?), a. 1. Incapable of being controlled; ungovernable; irresistible; as, an uncontrollable temper; uncontrollable events.

2. Indisputable; irrefragable; as, an uncontrollable maxim; an uncontrollable title. [R.] Swift.

— Un`con*trol"la*ble*ness, n. — Un`con*trol"la*bly, adv.

Un*con`tro*ver"so*ry (?), a. Not involving controversy. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Un*con`tro*ver"ti*ble (?), a. Incontrovertible.

Un*con`tro*ver"ti*bly, adv. Incontrovertibly.

Un`con*ven"ient (?), a. Inconvenient. Bale. — Un`con*ven"ient*ly, adv. Udall.

Un`con*ver"sion (?), n. The state of being unconverted; impenitence. [R.]

Un`con*vert"ed (?), a. 1. Not converted or exchanged.

2. Not changed in opinion, or from one faith to another. Specifically: —

(a) Not persuaded of the truth of the Christian religion; heathenish. Hooker.

(b) Unregenerate; sinful; impenitent. Baxter.

Un*cord" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + cord.] To release from cords; to loosen the cord or cords of; to unfasten or unbind; as, to uncord a package.

Un*cork" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + cork.] To draw the cork from; as, to uncork a bottle.

Un`cor*rect" (?), a. Incorrect. Dryden.

Un*cor"ri*gi*ble (?), a. Incorrigible; not capable of correction. [Obs.]

Un`cor*rupt" (?), a. Incorrupt.

Un`cor*rupt"i*ble (?), a. Incorruptible. "The glory of the uncorruptible God." Rom. i. 23.

Un`cor*rup"tion (?), n. Incorruption.

Un*cou"ple (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + couple.] To loose, as dogs, from their couples; also, to set loose; to disconnect; to disjoin; as, to uncouple railroad cars.

Un*cou"ple, v. i. To roam at liberty. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Un*court"li*ness (?), n. Absence of courtliness; rudeness; rusticity. Addison.

Un"cous (?), a. [L. uncus hooked, as n., a hook.] Hooklike; hooked. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Un*couth" (?), a. [OE. uncouth, AS. unc&?;&?; unknown, strange: un- (see Un- not) + c&?;&?; known, p. p. of cunnan to know. See Can to be able, and cf. Unco, Unked.] 1. Unknown. [Obs.] "This uncouth errand." Milton.

To leave the good that I had in hand, In hope of better that was uncouth.

Spenser.

2. Uncommon; rare; exquisite; elegant. [Obs.]

Harness . . . so uncouth and so rish.

Chaucer.

3. Unfamiliar; strange; hence, mysterious; dreadful; also, odd; awkward; boorish; as, uncouth manners. "Uncouth in guise and gesture." I. Taylor.

I am surprised with an uncouth fear.

Shak.

Thus sang the uncouth swain.

Milton.

Syn. — See Awkward.

— Un*couth"ly, adv. — Un*couth"ness, n.

Un*cov"e*na*ble (?), a. Not covenable; inconvenient. [Obs.] Wyclif (1 Tim. iv. 7).

Un*cov"e*nant*ed (?), a. 1. Not covenanted; not granted or entered into under a covenant, agreement, or contract. Bp. Horsley.

2. Not having joined in a league, or assented to a covenant or agreement, as to the Solemn League and Covenant of the Scottish people in the times of the Stuarts.

In Scotland a few fanatical nonjurors may have grudged their allegiance to an uncovenanted king.

Sir T. E. May.

3. (Theol.) Not having entered into relationship with God through the appointed means of grace; also, not promised or assured by the divine promises or conditions; as, uncovenanted mercies.

Un*cov"er (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Uncovered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Uncovering.] [1st pref. un- + cover.] 1. To take the cover from; to divest of covering; as, to uncover a box, bed, house, or the like; to uncover one's body.

2. To show openly; to disclose; to reveal. "To uncover his perjury to the oath of his coronation." Milton.

3. To divest of the hat or cap; to bare the head of; as, to uncover one's head; to uncover one's self.

Un*cov"er (?), v. i. 1. To take off the hat or cap; to bare the head in token of respect.

We are forced to uncover after them.

Addison.

2. To remove the covers from dishes, or the like.

Uncover, dogs, and lap.

Shak.

Un*cowl" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + cowl.] To divest or deprive of a cowl. Pope.

Un`cre*ate" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + create.] To deprive of existence; to annihilate.

Who can uncreate thee, thou shalt know.

Milton.

Un`cre*ate" (?), a. [Pref. un- + create, a.] Uncreated; self-existent. Book of Common Prayer.

Un`cre*at"ed, a. [In sense 1, properly p. p. of uncreate; in senses 2 and 3, pref. un- + created.]

1. Deprived of existence; annihilated. Beau. & Fl.

2. Not yet created; as, misery uncreated. Milton.

3. Not existing by creation; self-existent; eternal; as, God is an uncreated being. Locke.

Un`cre*at"ed*ness, n. The quality or state of being uncreated.

Un*cred"i*ble (?), a. Incredible. Bacon.

Un*cred"it (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + credit.] To cause to be disbelieved; to discredit. [Obs.] Fuller.

Un*cred"it*a*ble (?), a. Discreditable. [Obs.]

Un*crown" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + crown.] To deprive of a crown; to take the crown from; hence, to discrown; to dethrone.

He hath done me wrong, And therefore I'll uncrown him ere't be long.

Shak.

Un*crud"ded (?), a. [See Un- not, and Curd.] Not cruddled, or curdled. [Obs.]

Her breast like to a bowl of cream uncrudded.

Spenser.

Unc"tion (?), n. [OE. unccioun, uncioun, OF. oncion, onction, F. onction, fr. L. unctio, fr. ungere, unctum, to anoint. See Unguent.] 1. The act of anointing, smearing, or rubbing with an unguent, oil, or ointment, especially for medical purposes, or as a symbol of consecration; as, mercurial unction.

To be heir, and to be king By sacred unction, thy deserved right.

Milton.

2. That which is used for anointing; an unguent; an ointment; hence, anything soothing or lenitive.

The king himself the sacred unction made.

Dryden.

Lay not that flattering unction to your soul.

Shak.

3. Divine or sanctifying grace. [R.]

4. That quality in language, address, or the like, which excites emotion; especially, strong devotion; religious fervor and tenderness; sometimes, a simulated, factitious, or unnatural fervor.

The delightful equivoque and unction of the passage in Farquhar.

Hazlitt.

The mention of thy glory Is unction to the breast.

Neale (Rhythm of St. Bernard).

Extreme unction (R. C. Ch. & Gr. Ch.), the sacrament of anointing in the last hours; the application of consecrated oil by a priest to all the senses, that is, to eyes, ears, nostrils, etc., of a person when in danger of death from illness, — done for remission of sins. [James v. 14, 15.]

Unc"tious (?), a. Unctuous. [Obs.]

Unc`tu*os"i*ty (?; 135), n. [Cf. F. onctuosité.] Quality or state of being unctuous. Sir T. Browne.

Unc"tu*ous (?; 135), a. [F. onctueux, LL. unctuosus, fr. L. unctus anointment, fr. ungere, unctum, to anoint. See Unguent.] 1. Of the nature or quality of an unguent or ointment; fatty; oily; greasy. "The unctuous cheese." Longfellow.

2. Having a smooth, greasy feel, as certain minerals.

3. Bland; suave; also, tender; fervid; as, an unctuous speech; sometimes, insincerely suave or fervid.

— Unc"tu*ous*ly, adv. — Unc"tu*ous*ness, n.

Un*cul"pa*ble (?), a. Inculpable; not blameworthy. [R.] Hooker.

Un*cult" (?), a. [Pref. un- not + L. cultus, p. p. of colere to cultivate. Cf. Incult.] Not cultivated; rude; illiterate. [Obs.]

Un*cul"ture (?; 135), n. Want of culture. "Idleness, ill husbandry . . . unculture." Bp. Hall.

Un*cun"ning (?), a. Ignorant. [Obs.]

I am young and uncunning, as thou wost [knowest].

Chaucer.

Un*cun"ning*ly, adv. Ignorantly. [Obs.]

Un*cun"ning*ness, n. Ignorance. [Obs.]

Un*cur"a*ble (?), a. Incurable.

Un*cur"a*bly, adv. In an uncurable manner.

Un*curb"a*ble (?), a. Not capable of being curbed. Shak.

Un*curl" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + curl.] To loose from curls, or ringlets; to straighten out, as anything curled or curly.

He sheaths his paw, uncurls his angry mane.

Dryden.

Un*curl", v. i. To become uncurled, or straight.

Un*cur"rent (?), a. Not current. Specifically: Not passing in common payment; not receivable at par or full value; as, uncurrent notes. Shak.

Un*curse" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + curse.] To free from a curse or an execration. Shak.

Un*cur"tain (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + curtain.] To remove a curtain from; to reveal. Moore.

||Un"cus (?), n.; pl. Unci (#). [L.] (Zoöl.) A hook or claw. || Un*cus"tom*a*ble (?), a. Not customable, or subject to custom duties.

Un*cus"tomed (?), a. Uncustomable; also, not having paid duty or customs. Smollett.

Un*cut" (?), a. 1. Not cut; not separated or divided by cutting or otherwise; — said especially of books, periodicals, and the like, when the leaves have not been separated by trimming in binding.

2. Not ground, or otherwise cut, into a certain shape; as, an uncut diamond.

Uncut velvet,a fabric woven like velvet, but with the loops of the warp threads uncut.

Un*cuth" (?), a. Unknown; strange. [Obs.] — n. A stranger. [Obs.]

Un*cy"pher (?), v. t. See Uncipher.

Un*dam" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + dam.] To free from a dam, mound, or other obstruction. Dryden.

Un*damp"ned (?), a. Uncondemned. [Obs.] Wyclif (Acts xvi. 37).

Un"da*ted (?), a. [L. undatus, p. p. of undare to rise in waves, to wave, to undulate, fr. unda a wave. See Undulate.] (Bot.) Rising and falling in waves toward the margin, as a leaf; waved.

Un*dat"ed (?), a. [Pref. un- + dated.] Not dated; having no date; of unknown age; as, an undated letter.

Un*daunt"a*ble (?), a. Incapable of being daunted; intrepid; fearless; indomitable. Bp. Hall.

Un*daunt"ed (?), a. Not daunted; not subdued or depressed by fear. Shak.

Syn. — Bold; fearless; brave; courageous; intrepid.

— Un*daunt"ed*ly, adv. — Un*daunt"ed*ness, n.

Un"dé (?), a. [F. ondé.] (Her.) Waving or wavy; — applied to ordinaries, or division lines.

Un*dead"ly (?), a. Not subject to death; immortal. [Obs.] — Un*dead"li*ness, n. [Obs.] Wyclif.

Un*deaf" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + deaf.] To free from deafness; to cause to hear. [Obs.] Shak.

Un*dec"a*gon (?), n. [L. undecim eleven + Gr. &?; an angle.] (Geom.) A figure having eleven angles and eleven sides.

Un"de*cane (?), n. [L. undecim eleven.] (Chem.) A liquid hydrocarbon, C11H24, of the methane series, found in petroleum; — so called from its containing eleven carbon atoms in the molecule.

Un`de*ceive" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + deceive.] To cause to be no longer deceived; to free from deception, fraud, fallacy, or mistake. South.

Un*de"cen*cy (?), n. Indecency. [Obs.] "Decency and undecency." Jer. Taylor.

Un`de*cen"na*ry (?), a. [L. undecim eleven (unus one + decem ten) + -ennary as in decennary. Cf. Undecennial.] Occurring once in every period of eleven years; undecennial.

An undecennary account laid before Parliament.

E. Stiles.

Un`de*cen"ni*al (?), a. [See Undecennary, and cf. Decennial.] Occurring or observed every eleventh year; belonging to, or continuing, a period of eleven years; undecennary; as, an undecennial festival.

Un*de"cent (?), a. Indecent. [Obs.]

Un`de*cide" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + decide.] To reverse or recant, as a previous decision.

Un`de*ci"sive (?), a. Indecisive. [R.] Glanvill.

Un*deck" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + deck.] To divest of ornaments. Shak.

Un*decked (?), a. 1. Not decked; unadorned.

[Eve] undecked, save with herself, more lovely fair.

Milton.

2. Not having a deck; as, an undecked vessel.

Un`de*col"ic (?), a. [Undecylenic + propiolic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid, C11H18O2, of the propiolic acid series, obtained indirectly from undecylenic acid as a white crystalline substance.

Un`de*creed" (?), a. 1. [Pref. un- not + decreed.] Not decreed.

2. [1st pref. un- + decree.] Reversed or nullified by decree, as something previously decreed.

Un"de*cyl (?), n. [Undecane + - yl.] (Chem.) The radical regarded as characteristic of undecylic acid.

Un*dec`y*len"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid C11H20O2, homologous with acrylic acid, and obtained as a white crystalline substance by the distillation of castor oil.

Un`de*cyl"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Related to, derived from, or containing, undecyl; specifically, designating that member of the fatty acids which corresponds to undecane, and is obtained as a white crystalline substance, C11H22O2.

Un*deed"ed (?), a. 1. Not deeded or transferred by deed; as, undeeded land.

2. Not made famous by any great action. [Obs.] Shak.

Un`de*fat"i*ga*ble (?), a. Indefatigable. [Obs.] "Undefatigable pains." Camden.

Un`de*fea"si*ble (?), a. Indefeasible. [Obs.]

Un`de*fine" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + define.] To make indefinite; to obliterate or confuse the definition or limitations of.

Un*de"i*fy (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + deify.] To degrade from the state of deity; to deprive of the character or qualities of a god; to deprive of the reverence due to a god. Addison.

Un`de*ni"a*ble (?), a. 1. Not deniable; incapable of denial; palpably true; indisputable; obvious; as, undeniable evidence.

2. Unobjectionable; unquestionably excellent; as, a person of undeniable connections. [Colloq.] G. Eliot.

Un`de*ni"a*bly, adv. In an undeniable manner.

Un`de*part"a*ble (?), a. Incapable of being parted; inseparable. [Obs.] Chaucer. Wyclif.

Un"der (?), prep. [AS. under, prep. & adv.; akin to OFries. under, OS. undar, D. onder, G. unter, OHG. untar, Icel. undir, Sw. & Dan. under, Goth. undar, L. infra below, inferior lower, Skr. adhas below. √201. Cf. Inferior.] 1. Below or lower, in place or position, with the idea of being covered; lower than; beneath; — opposed to over; as, he stood under a tree; the carriage is under cover; a cellar extends under the whole house.

Fruit put in bottles, and the bottles let down into wells under water, will keep long.

Bacon.

Be gathered now, ye waters under heaven, Into one place.

Milton.

2. Hence, in many figurative uses which may be classified as follows; —

(a) Denoting relation to some thing or person that is superior, weighs upon, oppresses, bows down, governs, directs, influences powerfully, or the like, in a relation of subjection, subordination, obligation, liability, or the like; as, to travel under a heavy load; to live under extreme oppression; to have fortitude under the evils of life; to have patience under pain, or under misfortunes; to behave like a Christian under reproaches and injuries; under the pains and penalties of the law; the condition under which one enters upon an office; under the necessity of obeying the laws; under vows of chastity.

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Both Jews and Gentiles . . . are all under sin.

Rom. iii. 9.

That led the embattled seraphim to war Under thy conduct.

Milton.

Who have their provand Only for bearing burdens, and sore blows For sinking under them.

Shak.

(b) Denoting relation to something that exceeds in rank or degree, in number, size, weight, age, or the like; in a relation of the less to the greater, of inferiority, or of falling short.

Three sons he dying left under age.

Spenser.

Medicines take effect sometimes under, and sometimes above, the natural proportion of their virtue.

Hooker.

There are several hundred parishes in England under twenty pounds a year.

Swift.

It was too great an honor for any man under a duke.

Addison.

Hence, it sometimes means at, with, or for, less than; as, he would not sell the horse under sixty dollars.

Several young men could never leave the pulpit under half a dozen conceits.

Swift.

(c) Denoting relation to something that comprehends or includes, that represents or designates, that furnishes a cover, pretext, pretense, or the like; as, he betrayed him under the guise of friendship; Morpheus is represented under the figure of a boy asleep.

A crew who, under names of old renown . . . abused Fanatic Egypt.

Milton.

Mr. Duke may be mentioned under the double capacity of a poet and a divine.

Felton.

Under this head may come in the several contests and wars betwixt popes and the secular princes.

C. Leslie.

(d) Less specifically, denoting the relation of being subject, of undergoing regard, treatment, or the like; as, a bill under discussion.

Abject and lost, lay these, covering the flood, Under amazement of their hideous change.

Milton.

Under arms. (Mil.) (a) Drawn up fully armed and equipped. (b) Enrolled for military service; as, the state has a million men under arms. — Under canvas. (a) (Naut.) Moved or propelled by sails; — said of any vessel with her sail set, but especially of a steamer using her sails only, as distinguished from one under steam. Under steam and canvas signifies that a vessel is using both means of propulsion. (b) (Mil.) Provided with, or sheltered in, tents. — Under fire, exposed to an enemy's fire; taking part in a battle or general engagement. — Under foot. See under Foot, n. — Under ground, below the surface of the ground. - - Under one's signature, with one's signature or name subscribed; attested or confirmed by one's signature. Cf. the second Note under Over, prep. — Under sail. (Naut.) (a) With anchor up, and under the influence of sails; moved by sails; in motion. (b) With sails set, though the anchor is down. (c) Same as Under canvas (a), above. Totten. — Under sentence, having had one's sentence pronounced. — Under the breath, with low voice; very softly. — Under the lee (Naut.), to the leeward; as, under the lee of the land. — Under the rose. See under Rose, n. — Under water, below the surface of the water. — Under way, or Under weigh (Naut.), in a condition to make progress; having started.

Un"der (?), adv. In a lower, subject, or subordinate condition; in subjection; — used chiefly in a few idiomatic phrases; as, to bring under, to reduce to subjection; to subdue; to keep under, to keep in subjection; to control; to go under, to be unsuccessful; to fail.

I keep under my body, and bring it into subjection.

1 Cor. ix. 27.

The minstrel fell, but the foeman's chain Could not bring his proud soul under.

Moore.

Under is often used in composition with a verb to indicate lowness or inferiority in position or degree, in the act named by the verb; as, to underline; to undermine; to underprop.

Un"der, a. Lower in position, intensity, rank, or degree; subject; subordinate; — generally in composition with a noun, and written with or without the hyphen; as, an undercurrent; undertone; underdose; under-garment; underofficer; undersheriff.

Under covert (Zoöl.), one of the feathers situated beneath the bases of the quills in the wings and tail of a bird. See Illust. under Bird.

Un`der*act" (?), v. t. To perform inefficiently, as a play; to act feebly.

Un"der*ac`tion (?), n. Subordinate action; a minor action incidental or subsidiary to the main story; an episode.

The least episodes or underactions . . . are parts necessary or convenient to carry on the main design.

Dryden.

Un"der*ac`tor (?), n. A subordinate actor.

Un"der-age` (?), a. Not having arrived at adult age, or at years of discretion; hence, raw; green; immature; boyish; childish. [Obs.]

I myself have loved a lady, and pursued her with a great deal of under-age protestation.

J. Webster.

Un"der*a`gent (?), n. A subordinate agent.

Un`der*aid" (?), v. t. To aid clandestinely. [Obs.]

Un"der-arm (?), a. (Cricket) Done (as bowling) with the arm not raised above the elbow, that is, not swung far out from the body; underhand. Cf. Over-arm and Round- Arm.

Un"der*back` (?), n. (Brewing) A vessel which receives the wort as it flows from the mashing tub.

Un`der*bear" (?), v. t. [AS. underberan. See Under, and Bear to support.] 1. To support; to endure. [Obs.] Shak.

2. To line; to guard; to face; as, cloth of gold underborne with blue tinsel. [Obs.] Shak.

Un"der*bear`er (?), n. One who supports or sustains; especially, at a funeral, one of those who bear the copse, as distinguished from a bearer, or pallbearer, who helps to hold up the pall.

Un`der*bid" (?), v. t. To bid less than, as when a contract or service is offered to the lowest bidder; to offer to contract, sell, or do for a less price than.

Un`der*bind" (?), v. t. To bind beneath. Fairfax.

Un"der*board` (?), adv. Under the board, or table; hence, secretly; unfairly; underhand. See the Note under Aboveboard.

Un`der*brace (?), v. t. To brace, fasten, or bind underneath or below. Cowper.

Un"der*branch` (?), n. 1. A lower branch.

2. A twig or branchlet. [Obs.] Spenser.

Un"der*bred` (?), a. Not thoroughly bred; ill-bred; as, an underbred fellow. Goldsmith.

Un"der*brush` (?), n. Shrubs, small trees, and the like, in a wood or forest, growing beneath large trees; undergrowth.

Un"der*build`er (?), n. A subordinate or assistant builder.

An underbuilder in the house of God.

Jer. Taylor.

Un"der*build`ing, n. Same as Substruction.

Un`der*buy" (?), v. t. To buy at less than the real value or worth; to buy cheaper than. [R.] J. Fletcher.

Un`der*cast" (?), v. t. To cast under or beneath.

Un`der*cham"ber*lain (?), n. A deputy chamberlain of the exchequer.

Un`der*chant"er (?), n. Same as Subchanter.

Un"der*chaps` (?), n. pl. The lower chaps or jaw. Paley.

Un`der*charge" (?), v. t. 1. To charge below or under; to charge less than is usual or suitable fro; as, to undercharge goods or services.

2. To put too small a charge into; as, to undercharge a gun.

Undercharged mine (Mil.), a mine whose crater is not as wide at top as it is deep. W. P. Craighill.

Un"der*charge` (?), n. A charge that is less than is usual or suitable.

Un"der*clay` (?), n. (Geol.) A stratum of clay lying beneath a coal bed, often containing the roots of coal plants, especially the Stigmaria.

Un"der*cliff` (?), n. A subordinate cliff on a shore, consisting of material that has fallen from the higher cliff above.

Un"der*clothes` (?), n. pl. Clothes worn under others, especially those worn next the skin for warmth.

Un"der*cloth`ing (?), n. Same as Underclothes.

Un"der*coat` (?), n. 1. A coat worn under another; a light coat, as distinguished from an overcoat, or a greatcoat.

2. A growth of short hair or fur partially concealed by a longer growth; as, a dog's undercoat.

Un"der*con`duct (?), n. A lower conduit; a subterranean conduit. [Obs.] Sir H. Wotton.

Un`der*con*sump"tion (?), n. (Polit. Econ.) Consumption of less than is produced; consumption of less than the usual amount. F. A. Walk&?;r.

Un"der*craft` (?), n. A sly trick or device; as, an undercraft of authors. [R.] Sterne.

Un`der*creep" (?), v. i. To creep secretly or privily. [Obs.] Wyclif.

Un`der*crest" (?), v. t. To support as a crest; to bear. [Obs. & R.] Shak.

Un"der*croft (?), n. [Under + Prov. E. croft a vault; cf. OD. krochte crypt, and E. crypt.] (Arch.) A subterranean room of any kind; esp., one under a church (see Crypt), or one used as a chapel or for any sacred purpose.

Un`der*cry" (?), v. i. To cry aloud. [Obs.] Wyclif.

Un"der*cur`rent (?), n. 1. A current below the surface of water, sometimes flowing in a contrary direction to that on the surface. Totten.

2. Hence, figuratively, a tendency of feeling, opinion, or the like, in a direction contrary to what is publicly shown; an unseen influence or tendency; as, a strong undercurrent of sentiment in favor of a prisoner.

All the while there was a busy undercurrent in her.

G. Eliot.

Un"der*cur`rent, a. Running beneath the surface; hidden. [R.] "Undercurrent woe." Tennyson.

Un"der*cut` (?), n. The lower or under side of a sirloin of beef; the fillet.

Un`der*cut" (?), v. t. To cut away, as the side of an object, so as to leave an overhanging portion.

Un"der*deal`ing (?), n. Crafty, unfair, or underhand dealing; unfair practice; trickery. Milton.

Un`der*delve" (?), v. t. To delve under. [Obs.]

Un`der*dig" (?), v. t. To dig under or beneath; to undermine. [Obs.] Wyclif.

Un`der*ditch" (?), v. t. To dig an underground ditches in, so as to drain the surface; to underdrain; as, to underditch a field or a farm.

Un`der*do" (?), v. i. To do less than is requisite or proper; — opposed to overdo. Grew.

Un`der*do", v. t. To do less thoroughly than is requisite; specifically, to cook insufficiently; as, to underdo the meat; — opposed to overdo.

Un"der*do`er (?), n. One who underdoes; a shirk.

Un`der*dolv"en (?), obs. p. p. of Underdelve.

Un"der*dose` (?), n. A dose which is less than required; a small or insufficient dose.

Un`der*dose" (?), v. t. & i. To give an underdose or underdoses to; to practice giving insufficient doses.

Un"der*drain` (?), n. An underground drain or trench with openings through which the water may percolate from the soil or ground above.

Un`der*drain" (?), v. t. To drain by forming an underdrain or underdrains in; as, to underdrain land.

Un`der*dressed" (?), a. Not dresses enough.

Un`der*es"ti*mate (?), v. t. To set to&?; low a value on; to estimate below the truth.

Un`der*es"ti*mate (?), n. The act of underestimating; too low an estimate.

Un"der*fac`tion (?), n. A subordinate party or faction.

Un"der*fac`ul*ty (?), n. An inferior or subordinate faculty.

Un"der*farm`er (?), n. An assistant farmer.

Un`der*feed" (?), v. t. To feed with too little food; to supply with an insufficient quantity of food.

Un"der*fel`low (?), n. An underling &?;&?; mean, low fellow. [R.] Sir P. Sidney.

Un"der*fill`ing (?), n. The filling below or beneath; the under part of a building. Sir H. Wotton.

Un`der*fol"low (?), v. t. To follow closely or immediately after. [Obs.] Wyclif.

Un`der*fong" (?), v. t. [AS. underfongen, p. p. of underf&?;n to undertake; under under + f&?;n to take. See Fang to seize.] 1. To undertake; to take in hand; to receive. [Obs.] Piers Plowman. Rom. of R.

2. To insnare; to circumvent. [Obs.] Spenser.

3. To sustain; to support; to guard. Nash.

Un`der*foot" (?), adv. Under the feet; underneath; below. See Under foot, under Foot, n.

Un`der*foot", a. Low; base; abject; trodden down.

Un"der*fringe` (?), n. A lower fringe; a fringe underneath something.

Broad-faced, with underfringe of russet beard.

Tennyson.

Un`der*fur"nish (?), v. t. To supply with less than enough; to furnish insufficiently. Collier.

Un`der*fur"row (?), v. t. To cover as under a furrow; to plow in; as, to underfurrow seed or manure.

Un"der-gar`ment (?), n. A garment worn below another.

Un`der*get" (?), v. t. To get under or beneath; also, to understand. [Obs.] R. of Gloucester.

Un`der*gird" (?), v. t. To blind below; to gird round the bottom.

They used helps, undergirding the ship.

Acts xxvii. 17.

Un"der*glaze` (?), a. Applied under the glaze, that is, before the glaze, that is, before the glaze is put on; fitted to be so applied; — said of colors in porcelain painting.

Un`der*go" (?), v. t. [imp. Underwent (?); p. p. Undergone (?; 115); p. pr. & vb. n. Undergoing.] [AS. undergn. See Under, and Go.] 1. To go or move below or under. [Obs.]

2. To be subjected to; to bear up against; to pass through; to endure; to suffer; to sustain; as, to undergo toil and fatigue; to undergo pain, grief, or anxiety; to undergothe operation of amputation; food in the stomach undergoes the process of digestion.

Certain to undergo like doom.

Milton.

3. To be the bearer of; to possess. [Obs.]

Their virtues else, be they as pure as grace, As infinite as man may undergo.

Shak.

4. To undertake; to engage in; to hazard. [Obs.]

I have moved already Some certain of the noblest-minded Romans To undergo with me an enterprise.

Shak.

5. To be subject or amenable to; to underlie. [Obs.]

Claudio undergoes my challenge.

Shak.

Un"der*god` (?), n. A lower or inferio&?; god; a subordinate deity; a demigod.

Un`der*gore" (?), v. t. To gore underneath.

Un"der*gown` (?), n. A gown worn under another, or under some other article of dress.

An undergown and kirtle of pale sea-green silk.

Sir W. Scott.

Un`der*grad"u*ate (?), n. A member of a university or a college who has not taken his first degree; a student in any school who has not completed his course.

Un`der*grad"u*ate, a. Of or pertaining to an undergraduate, or the body of undergraduates.

Un`der*grad"u*ate*ship, n. The position or condition of an undergraduate.

Un`der*groan (?), v. t. To groan beneath. [Obs.]

Earth undergroaned their high-raised feet.

Chapman.

Un"der*ground` (?), n. The place or space beneath the surface of the ground; subterranean space.

A spirit raised from depth of underground.

Shak.

Un"der*ground`, a. 1. Being below the surface of the ground; as, an underground story or apartment.

2. Done or occurring out of sight; secret. [Colloq.]

Underground railroad or railway. See under Railroad.

Un"der*ground`, adv. Beneath the surface of the earth.

Un"der*grove` (?), n. A grove of shrubs or low trees under taller ones. Wordsworth.

Un`der*grow" (?), v. i. To grow to an inferior, or less than the usual, size or height. Wyclif.

Un`der*grow", a. Undergrown. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Un`der*grown" (?), a. Of small stature; not grown to a full height or size.

Un"der*growth` (?), n. That which grows under trees; specifically, shrubs or small trees growing among large trees. Milton.

Un`der*grub" (?), v. t. To undermine. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Un"der*hand` (?), a. 1. Secret; clandestine; hence, mean; unfair; fraudulent. Addison.

2. (Baseball, Cricket, etc.) Done, as pitching, with the hand lower than the shoulder, or, as bowling, with the hand lower than elbow.

Un"der*hand` (?), adv. 1. By secret means; in a clandestine manner; hence, by fraud; unfairly.

Such mean revenge, committed underhand.

Dryden.

Baillie Macwheeble provided Janet, underhand, with meal for their maintenance.

Sir W. Scott.

2. (Baseball, Cricket, etc.) In an underhand manner; — said of pitching or bowling.

Un"der*hand`ed, a. 1. Underhand; clandestine.

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2. Insufficiently provided with hands or workers; short-handed; sparsely populated.

Norway . . . might defy the world, . . . but it is much underhanded now.

Coleridge.

Un"der*hand`ed*ly (?), adv. In an underhand manner.

Un`der*hang" (?), v. t. & i. To hang under or down; to suspend. Holland.

Un"der*hang`man (?), n. An assistant or deputy hangman. Shak.

Un"der*head` (?), n. A blockhead, or stupid person; a dunderhead. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Un`der*heave" (?), v. i. To heave or lift from below. [Obs.] Wyclif.

Un`der*hew" (?), v. t. To hew less than is usual or proper; specifically, to hew, as a piece of timber which should be square, in such a manner that it appears to contain a greater number of cubic feet than it really does contain. Haldeman.

Un`der*hon"est (?), a. Not entirely honest. [R.] "We think him overproud and underhonest." Shak.

Un`der*hung" (?), a. 1. (Carp.) Resting on a track at the bottom, instead of being suspended; — said of a sliding door. Forney.

2. Having the lower jaw projecting. T. Hughes.

Un"der*jaw` (?), n. The lower jaw. Paley.

Un`der*join" (?), v. t. To join below or beneath; to subjoin. Wyclif.

Un`der*keep" (?), v. t. To keep under, or in subjection; to suppress. [Obs.] Spenser.

Un"der*keep`er (?), n. A subordinate keeper or guardian. Gray.

Un"der*kind` (?), n. An inferior kind. Dryden.

Un"der*king`dom (?), n. A subordinate or dependent kingdom. Tennyson.

Un"der*la`bor*er (?), n. An assistant or subordinate laborer. Locke.

Un`der*laid" (?), a. Laid or placed underneath; also, having something laid or lying underneath.

Un`der*lay" (?), v. t. [AS. underlecgan. See Under, and Lay, v. t.] 1. To lay beneath; to put under.

2. To raise or support by something laid under; as, to underlay a cut, plate, or the like, for printing. See Underlay, n., 2.

3. To put a tap on (a shoe). [Prov. Eng.]

Un`der*lay", v. i. (Mining) To incline from the vertical; to hade; — said of a vein, fault, or lode.

Un"der*lay` (?), n. 1. (Mining) The inclination of a vein, fault, or lode from the vertical; a hade; — called also underlie.

2. (Print.) A thickness of paper, pasteboard, or the like, placed under a cut, or stereotype plate, or under type, in the from, to bring it, or any part of it, to the proper height; also, something placed back of a part of the tympan, so as to secure the right impression.

Un"der*lay`er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, underlays or is underlaid; a lower layer.

2. (Mining) A perpendicular shaft sunk to cut the lode at any required depth. Weale.

Un"der*leaf` (?), n. A prolific sort of apple, good for cider. [Obs.] Mortimer.

Un"der*lease (?), n. (Law) A lease granted by a tenant or lessee; especially, a lease granted by one who is himself a lessee for years, for any fewer or less number of years than he himself holds; a sublease. Burrill.

Un`der*let" (?), v. t. 1. To let below the value.

All my farms were underlet.

Smollett.

2. To let or lease at second hand; to sublet.

Un"der*let`ter (?), n. A tenant or lessee who grants a lease to another.

Un`der*lie" (?), v. t. [AS. underlicgan. See Under, and Lie to be prostrate.] 1. To lie under; to rest beneath; to be situated under; as, a stratum of clay underlies the surface gravel.

2. To be at the basis of; to form the foundation of; to support; as, a doctrine underlying a theory.

3. To be subject or amenable to. [R.]

The knight of Ivanhoe . . . underlies the challenge of Brian der Bois Guilbert.

Sir W. Scott.

Un`der*lie", v. i. To lie below or under.

Un"der*lie` (?), n. See Underlay, n., 1.

Un`der*line" (?), v. t. 1. To mark a line below, as words; to underscore.

2. To influence secretly. [Obs.] Sir H. Wotton.

Un"der*ling (?), n. [Under + - ling.] An inferior person or agent; a subordinate; hence, a mean, sorry fellow. Milton.

he fault, dear Brutus, is not in our stars, But in ourselves, that we are underlings.

Shak.

Un"der*lip` (?), n. The lower lip.

Un"der*lock` (?), n. A lock of wool hanging under the belly of a sheep.

Un"der*lock`er (?), n. (Mining) A person who inspects a mine daily; — called also underviewer.

Un`der*ly"ing (?), a. Lying under or beneath; hence, fundamental; as, the underlying strata of a locality; underlying principles.

Un`der*manned" (?), a. (Naut.) Insufficiently furnished with men; short-handed.

Un"der*mast`ed (?), a. (Naut.) Having masts smaller than the usual dimension; — said of vessels. Totten.

Un"der*mas`ter (?), n. A master subordinate to the principal master; an assistant master.

Un"der*match` (?), n. One who is not a match for another. Fuller.

Un"der*meal` (?), n. [AS. under under + m&?;l part or portion; cf. AS. underm&?;l midday. See Under, Meal a part, and cf. Undern.] 1. The inferior, or after, part of the day; the afternoon. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

In undermeals and in mornings.

Chaucer.

2. Hence, something occurring or done in the afternoon; esp., an afternoon meal; supper; also, an afternoon nap; a siesta. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

Another great supper, or undermeal, was made ready for them, coming home from ditching and plowing.

Withals (1608).

I think I am furnished with Cattern [Catharine] pears for one undermeal.

B. Jonson.

In a narrower limit than the forty years' undermeal of the seven sleepers.

Nash.

Un`der*mine" (?), v. t. 1. To excavate the earth beneath, or the part of, especially for the purpose of causing to fall or be overthrown; to form a mine under; to sap; as, to undermine a wall.

A vast rock undermined from one end to the other, and a highway running through it.

Addison.

2. Fig.: To remove the foundation or support of by clandestine means; to ruin in an underhand way; as, to undermine reputation; to undermine the constitution of the state.

He should be warned who are like to undermine him.

Locke.

Un`der*min"er (?), n. One who undermines.

Un`der*min"is*ter (?), v. t. To serve, or minister to, in a subordinate relation. [Obs.] Wyclif.

Un`der*min"is*try (?), n. A subordinate or inferior ministry. Jer. Taylor.

Un"der*mirth` (?), n. Suppressed or concealed mirth. [Obs.] The Coronation.

Un`der*mon"eyed (?), a. Bribed. [R.] Fuller.

Un"der*most (?), a. [From Under; cf. Aftermost.] Lowest, as in place, rank, or condition. Addison.

Un"dern (?), n. [AS. undern; akin to OS. undorn, OHG. untarn, untorn, Icel. undorn mid afternoon, mid forenoon, Goth. undaúrnimats the midday meal. Cf. Undermeal, Undertime.] The time between; the time between sunrise and noon; specifically, the third hour of the day, or nine o'clock in the morning, according to ancient reckoning; hence, mealtime, because formerly the principal meal was eaten at that hour; also, later, the afternoon; the time between dinner and supper. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

Betwixt undern and noon was the field all won.

R. of Brunne.

In a bed of worts still he lay Till it was past undern of the day.

Chaucer.

Un`der*neath" (?), adv. [OE. undirnepe. See Under, and Beneath.] Beneath; below; in a lower place; under; as, a channel underneath the soil.

Or sullen mole, that runneth underneath.

Milton.

Un`der*neath", prep. Under; beneath; below.

Underneath this stone lie As much beauty as could die.

B. Jonson.

Un`der*nice"ness (?), n. A want of niceness; indelicacy; impropriety.

Un`der*nime" (?), v. t. [imp. Undernom (?).] [OE. undernimen. See Under, and Nim.] 1. To receive; to perceive. [Obs.]

He the savor undernom Which that the roses and the lilies cast.

Chaucer.

2. To reprove; to reprehend. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.

Un"der*of`fi*cer (?), n. A subordinate officer.

Un"der*part` (?), n. A subordinate part.

It should be lightened with underparts of mirth.

Dryden.

Un`der*pay" (?), v. t. To pay inadequately.

Un`der*peep" (?), v. t. To peep under. "The flame . . . would underpeep her lids." [R.] Shak.

Un`der*peer" (?), v. t. To peer under. [R.]

Un`der*peo"pled (?), a. Not fully peopled.

Un`der*pight" (?), imp. of Underpitch.

Un`der*pin" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Underpinned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Underpinning.] 1. To lay stones, masonry, etc., under, as the sills of a building, on which it is to rest.

2. To support by some solid foundation; to place something underneath for support.

Un"der*pin`ning (?), n. 1. The act of one who underpins; the act of supporting by stones, masonry, or the like.

2. (Arch.) (a) That by which a building is underpinned; the material and construction used for support, introduced beneath a wall already constructed. (b) The foundation, esp. of a frame house. [Local, U. S.]

Un`der*pitch" (?), v. t. [imp. Underpight.] [OE. underpicchen. See Under, and Pitch to throw, fix.] To fill underneath; to stuff. [Obs.]

He drank and well his girdle underpight.

Chaucer.

Un`der*play" (?), v. i. 1. To play in a subordinate, or in an inferior manner; to underact a part.

2. (Card Playing) To play a low card when holding a high one, in the hope of a future advantage.

Un"der*play` (?), n. (Card Playing) The act of underplaying.

Un"der*plot` (?), n. 1. A series of events in a play, proceeding collaterally with the main story, and subservient to it. Dryden.

2. A clandestine scheme; a trick. Addison.

Un`der*poise" (?), v. t. To weigh, estimate, or rate below desert; to undervalue. [R.] Marston.

Un"der*pos*sess`or (?), n. One who possesses or holds anything subject to the superior of another. Jer. Taylor.

Un`der*praise" (?), v. t. To praise below desert.

Un`der*prize" (?), v. t. To undervalue; to underestimate. Shak.

Un`der*pro*duc"tion (?), n. (Polit. Econ.) The production of less than is demanded or of less than the usual supply. F. A. Walker.

Un"der*proof` (?), a. Containing less alcohol than proof spirit. See Proof spirit, under Spirit.

Un`der*prop" (?), v. t. To prop from beneath; to put a prop under; to support; to uphold.

Underprop the head that bears the crown.

Fenton.

Un`der*pro*por"tioned (?), a. Of inadequate or inferior proportions; small; poor.

Scanty and underproportioned returns of civility.

Collier.

Un"der*prop`per (?), n. One who, or that which, underprops or supports.

Un`der*pull" (?), v. i. To exert one's influence secretly. [Obs.] Ld. North.

Un"der*pull`er (?), n. One who underpulls. [Obs.]

Un`der*put" (?), v. t. To put or send under. [Obs.]

Un`der*rate" (?), v. t. To rate too low; to rate below the value; to undervalue. Burke.

Un"der*rate` (?), n. A price less than the value; as, to sell a thing at an underrate. Cowley.

Un`der*reck"on (?), v. t. To reckon below what is right or proper; to underrate. Bp. Hall.

Un`der*run" (?), v. t. To run or pass under; especially (Naut.), to pass along and under, as a cable, for the purpose of taking it in, or of examining it.

The cable passes over the bows and stern of the boat used, while the men haul the boat along by pulling upon the cable. Totten.

To underrun a tackle (Naut.), to separate its parts and put them in order.

Un`der*sail" (?), v. i. To sail alongshore. [Obs.]

Un"der*sailed` (?), a. Inadequately equipped with sails. [Obs.]

Un`der*sat"u*ra`ted (?), a. Not fully saturated; imperfectly saturated.

Un`der*say" (?), v. t. To say by way of derogation or contradiction. [Obs.] Spenser.

Un`der*score" (?), v. t. To draw a mark or line under; to underline. J. Tucker.

Un`der*sec"re*ta*ry (?), n. A secretary who is subordinate to the chief secretary; an assistant secretary; as, an undersecretary of the Treasury.

Un`der*sell" (?), v. t. To sell the same articles at a lower price than; to sell cheaper than.

Un"der*serv`ant (?), n. An inferior servant.

Un`der*set" (?), v. t. To prop or support. Bacon.

Un"der*set` (?), n. (Naut.) Undercurrent.

Un"der*set`ter (?), n. One who, or that which, undersets or supports; a prop; a support; a pedestal.

Un"der*set`ting (?), n. Something set or built under as a support; a pedestal. Sir H. Wotton.

Un"der*shap`en (?), a. Under the usual shape or size; small; dwarfish. [Poetic]

His dwarf, a vicious undershapen thing.

Tennyson.

Un"der*sher`iff (?), n. A sheriff's deputy.

Un"der*sher`iff*ry (?), n. Undershrievalty. [Obs.]

Un"der*shirt` (?), n. A shirt worn next the skin, under another shirt; — called also undervest.

Un`der*shoot" (?), v. t. To shoot short of (a mark).

Un"der*shot` (?), a. 1. (Zoöl.) Having the lower incisor teeth projecting beyond the upper ones, as in the bulldog.

2. Moved by water passing beneath; — said of a water wheel, and opposed to overshot; as, an undershot wheel.

Un"der*shriev"al*ty (?), n. The office or position of an undersheriff.

Un"der*shrieve` (?), n. (Bot.) A low shrub; a woody plant of low stature.

Un"der*shrub`, a. Partly shrublike.

Un"der*shut` (?), a. Closed from beneath.

Undershut valve (Mach.), a valve which shuts by being lifted against a seat facing downward. Knight.

Un"der*side` (?), n. The lower or lowest side of anything. Paley.

Un`der*sign" (?), v. t. To write one's name at the foot or end of, as a letter or any legal instrument.

The undersigned, the person whose name is signed, or the persons whose names are signed, at the end of a document; the subscriber or subscribers.

Un"der*sized` (?), a. Of a size less than is common.

Un"der*skink`er (?), n. Undertapster. [Obs.]

Un"der*skirt` (?), n. A petticoat; the foundation skirt of a draped dress.

Un"der*sky` (?), n. The lower region of the sky.

Floating about the undersky.

Tennyson.

Un"der*sleeve` (?), n. A sleeve of an under-garment; a sleeve worn under another,

Un"der*soil` (?), n. The soil beneath the surface; understratum; subsoil.

Un`der*sold" (?), p. p. of Undersell.

Un"der*song` (?), n. 1. The burden of a song; the chorus; the refrain. Dryden.

2. Accompanying strain; subordinate and underlying meaning; accompaniment; undertone.

In the very [poetry] there often an undersong of sense which none beside the poetic mind . . . can comprehend.

Landor.

Un"der*sparred` (?), a. (Naut.) Having spars smaller than the usual dimension; — said of vessels.

Un`der*spend" (?), v. t. To spend less than.

Un"der*sphere` (?), n. 1. A sphere which is smaller than, and in its movements subject to, another; a satellite.

2. An inferior sphere, or field of action.

Un`der*spore" (?), v. t. To raise with a spar, or piece of wood, used as a lever. [Obs.]

Give me a staff that I may underspore.

Chaucer.

Un"der*stair` (?), a. Of or pertaining to the kitchen, or the servants' quarters; hence, subordinate; menial. [Obs.]

Un"der*stairs` (?), n. The basement or cellar.

<! p. 1571 !>

Un`der*stand" (n`dr*stnd"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Understood (?), and Archaic Understanded; p. pr. & vb. n. Understanding.] [OE. understanden, AS. understandan, literally, to stand under; cf. AS. forstandan to understand, G. verstehen. The development of sense is not clear. See Under, and Stand.] 1. To have just and adequate ideas of; to apprehended the meaning or intention of; to have knowledge of; to comprehend; to know; as, to understand a problem in Euclid; to understand a proposition or a declaration; the court understands the advocate or his argument; to understand the sacred oracles; to understand a nod or a wink.

Speaketh [i. e., speak thou] so plain at this time, I you pray, That we may understande what ye say.

Chaucer.

I understand not what you mean by this.

Shak.

Understood not all was but a show.

Milton.

A tongue not understanded of the people.

Bk. of Com. Prayer.

2. To be apprised, or have information, of; to learn; to be informed of; to hear; as, I understand that Congress has passed the bill.

3. To recognize or hold as being or signifying; to suppose to mean; to interpret; to explain.

The most learned interpreters understood the words of sin, and not of Abel.

Locke.

4. To mean without expressing; to imply tacitly; to take for granted; to assume.

War, then, war, Open or understood, must be resolved.

Milton.

5. To stand under; to support. [Jocose & R.] Shak.

To give one to understand, to cause one to know. — To make one's self understood, to make one's meaning clear.

Un`der*stand", v. i. 1. To have the use of the intellectual faculties; to be an intelligent being.

Imparadised in you, in whom alone I understand, and grow, and see.

Donne.

2. To be informed; to have or receive knowledge.

I came to Jerusalem, and understood of the evil that Eliashib did for Tobiah.

Neh. xiii. 7.

Un`der*stand"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being understood; intelligible. Chillingworth.

Un`der*stand"er (?), n. One who understands, or knows by experience. [R.] Dryden.

Un`der*stand"ing, a. Knowing; intelligent; skillful; as, he is an understanding man.

Un`der*stand"ing, n. 1. The act of one who understands a thing, in any sense of the verb; knowledge; discernment; comprehension; interpretation; explanation.

2. An agreement of opinion or feeling; adjustment of differences; harmony; anything mutually understood or agreed upon; as, to come to an understanding with another.

He hoped the loyalty of his subjects would concur with him in the preserving of a good understanding between him and his people.

Clarendon.

3. The power to understand; the intellectual faculty; the intelligence; the rational powers collectively conceived an designated; the higher capacities of the intellect; the power to distinguish truth from falsehood, and to adapt means to ends.

There is a spirit in man; and the inspiration of the Almighty them understanding.

Job xxxii. 8.

The power of perception is that which we call the understanding. Perception, which we make the act of the understanding, is of three sorts: 1. The perception of ideas in our mind; 2. The perception of the signification of signs; 3. The perception of the connection or repugnancy, agreement or disagreement, that there is between any of our ideas. All these are attributed to the understanding, or perceptive power, though it be the two latter only that use allows us to say we understand.

Locke.

In its wider acceptation, understanding is the entire power of perceiving an conceiving, exclusive of the sensibility: the power of dealing with the impressions of sense, and composing them into wholes, according to a law of unity; and in its most comprehensive meaning it includes even simple apprehension.

Coleridge.

4. Specifically, the discursive faculty; the faculty of knowing by the medium or use of general conceptions or relations. In this sense it is contrasted with, and distinguished from, the reason.

I use the term understanding, not for the noetic faculty, intellect proper, or place of principles, but for the dianoetic or discursive faculty in its widest signification, for the faculty of relations or comparisons; and thus in the meaning in which "verstand" is now employed by the Germans.

Sir W. Hamilton.

Syn. — Sense; intelligence; perception. See Sense.

Un`der*stand"ing*ly, adv. In an understanding manner; intelligibly; with full knowledge or comprehension; intelligently; as, to vote upon a question understandingly; to act or judge understandingly.

The gospel may be neglected, but in can not be understandingly disbelieved.

J. Hawes.

Un`der*state" (?), v. t. To state or represent less strongly than may be done truthfully.

Un"der*state`ment (?), n. The act of understating, or the condition of being understated; that which is understated; a statement below the truth.

Un`der*stock" (?), v. t. To supply insufficiently with stock. A. Smith.

Un`der*stood" (?), imp. & p. p. of Understand.

Un"der*strap`per (?), n. A petty fellow; an inferior agent; an underling.

This was going to the fountain head at once, not applying to the understrappers.

Goldsmith.

Un"der*strap`ping, a. Becoming an understrapper; subservient. [R.] Sterne.

Un"der*stra`tum (?), n.; pl. L. Understrata (&?;), E. Understratums (&?;). The layer, or stratum, of earth on which the mold, or soil, rests; subsoil.

Un`der*stroke" (?), v. t. To underline or underscore. Swift.

Un"der*stud`y (?), v. t. & i. (Theater) To study, as another actor's part, in order to be his substitute in an emergency; to study another actor's part.

Un"der*stud`y, n. One who studies another's part with a view to assuming it in an emergency.

Un"der*suit` (?), n. A suit worn under another suit; a suit of underclothes.

Un`der*tak"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being undertaken; practicable.

Un`der*take" (?), v. t. [imp. Undertook (?); p. p. Undertaken (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Undertaking.] [Under + take.] 1. To take upon one's self; to engage in; to enter upon; to take in hand; to begin to perform; to set about; to attempt.

To second, or oppose, or undertake The perilous attempt.

Milton.

2. Specifically, to take upon one's self solemnly or expressly; to lay one's self under obligation, or to enter into stipulations, to perform or to execute; to covenant; to contract.

I 'll undertake to land them on our coast.

Shak.

3. Hence, to guarantee; to promise; to affirm.

And he was not right fat, I undertake.

Dryden.

And those two counties I will undertake Your grace shall well and quietly enjoiy.

Shak.

I dare undertake they will not lose their labor.

Woodward.

4. To assume, as a character. [Obs.] Shak.

5. To engage with; to attack. [Obs.]

It is not fit your lordship should undertake every companion that you give offense to.

Shak.

6. To have knowledge of; to hear. [Obs.] Spenser.

7. To take or have the charge of. [Obs.] "Who undertakes you to your end." Shak.

Keep well those that ye undertake.

Chaucer.

Un`der*take", v. i. 1. To take upon one's self, or assume, any business, duty, or province.

O Lord, I am oppressed; undertake for me.

Isa. xxxviii. 14.

2. To venture; to hazard. [Obs.]

It is the cowish terror of his spirit That dare not undertake.

Shak.

3. To give a promise or guarantee; to be surety.

But on mine honor dare I undertake For good lord Titus' innocence in all.

Shak.

Un`der*tak"er (?), n. 1. One who undertakes; one who engages in any project or business. Beau. & Fl.

2. One who stipulates or covenants to perform any work for another; a contractor.

To sign deputations for undertakes to furnish their proportions of saltpeter.

Evelyn.

In come some other undertakes, and promise us the same or greater wonders.

South.

3. Specifically, one who takes the charge and management of funerals.

Un`der*tak"ing, n. 1. The act of one who undertakes, or engages in, any project or business. Hakluyt.

2. That which is undertaken; any business, work, or project which a person engages in, or attempts to perform; an enterprise.

3. Specifically, the business of an undertaker, or the management of funerals.

4. A promise or pledge; a guarantee. A. Trollope.

Un`der*tap"ster (?), n. Assistant to a tapster.

Un"der*taxed` (?), a. Taxed too little, or at a lower rate than others.

Un"der*ten`an*cy (?), n. Tenancy or tenure under a tenant or lessee; the tenure of an undertenant.

Un"der*ten`ant (?), n. The tenant of a tenant; one who holds lands or tenements of a tenant or lessee.

Un"der**thing` (?), n. Something that is inferior and of little worth. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

{ Un"der*tide` (?), Un"der*time` (?), } n. [Under + tide, time. Cf. Undern.] The under or after part of the day; undermeal; evening. [Obs.]

He, coming home at undertime, there found The fairest creature that he ever saw.

Spenser.

Un"der*tone` (?), n. A low or subdued tone or utterance; a tone less loud than usual.

Un`der*took" (?), imp. of Undertake.

Un"der*tow` (?), n. (Naut.) The current that sets seaward near the bottom when waves are breaking upon the shore.

Un"der*treas`ur*er (?), n. An assistant treasurer.

Un`der*turn (?), v. t. To turn upside down; to subvert; to upset. [Obs.] Wyclif.

Un`der*val`u*a"tion (?), n. The act of undervaluing; a rate or value not equal to the real worth.

Un`der*val"ue (?), v. t. 1. To value, rate, or estimate below the real worth; to depreciate.

2. To esteem lightly; to treat as of little worth; to hold in mean estimation; to despise.

In comparison of it I undervalued all ensigns of authority.

Atterbury.

I write not this with the least intention to undervalue the other parts of poetry.

Dryden.

Un`der*val"ue, n. A low rate or price; a price less than the real worth; undervaluation. Milton.

Un"der*val"u*er (?), n. One who undervalues.

Un"der*verse` (?), n. The lower or second verse. [Obs.]

Un"der*vest` (?), n. An undershirt.

Un"der*view`er (?), n. See Underlooker.

Un"der*wear` (?), n. That which is worn under the outside clothing; underclothes.

Un`der*ween" (?), v. t. To undervalue. [Obs.]

Un`der*went" (?), imp. of Undergo.

Un"der*wing` (?), n. 1. (Zoöl.) One of the posterior wings of an insect.

2. (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of noctuid moths belonging to Catocala and allied genera, in which the hind wings are banded with red and black or other conspicuous colors. Many of the species are called red underwing.

Un"der*wit`ted (?), a. Weak in intellect; half-witted; silly. [R.] Bp. Kennet.

Un"der*wood` (?), n. Small trees and bushes that grow among large trees; coppice; underbrush; — formerly used in the plural.

Shrubs and underwoods look well enough while they grow within the shade of oaks and cedars.

Addison.

Un`der*work" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Underworked (?) or Underwrought (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n. Underworking.] 1. To injure by working secretly; to destroy or overthrow by clandestine measure; to undermine.

But thou from loving England art so far, That thou hast underwrought his lawful king.

Shak.

2. To expend too little work upon; as, to underwork a painting. Dryden.

3. To do like work at a less price than; as, one mason may underwork another.

Un`der*work", v. i. 1. To work or operate in secret or clandestinely. B. Jonson.

2. To do less work than is proper or suitable.

3. To do work for a less price than current rates.

Un"der*work` (?), n. Inferior or subordinate work; petty business. Addison.

Un"der*work`er (?), n. 1. One who underworks.

2. An inferior or subordinate workman. Waterland.

Un"der*world` (?), n. 1. The lower of inferior world; the world which is under the heavens; the earth.

That overspreads (with such a reverence) This underworld.

Daniel.

2. The mythological place of departed souls; Hades.

3. The portion of the world which is below the horizon; the opposite side of the world; the antipodes. [R.]

Fresh as the first beam glittering on a sail, That brings our friends up from the underworld.

Tennyson.

4. The inferior part of mankind. [R.] Atterbury.

Un`der*write" (?), v. t. [imp. Underwrote (?), Obs. Underwrit (&?;); p. p. Underwritten (?), Obs. Underwrit; p. pr. & vb. n. Underwriting.] 1. To write under something else; to subscribe.

What addition and change I have made I have here underwritten.

Bp. Sanderson.

2. To subscribe one's name to for insurance, especially for marine insurance; to write one's name under, or set one's name to, as a policy of insurance, for the purpose of becoming answerable for loss or damage, on consideration of receiving a certain premium per cent; as, individuals, as well as companies, may underwrite policies of insurance. B. Jonson.

The broker who procures the insurance ought not, by underwriting the policy, to deprive the parties of his unbiased testimony.

Marshall.

Un`der*write", v. i. To practice the business of insuring; to take a risk of insurance on a vessel or the like.

Un"der*writ`er (?), n. One who underwrites his name to the conditions of an insurance policy, especially of a marine policy; an insurer.

Un"der*writ`ing, n. The business of an underwriter,

Un`der*yoke" (?), v. t. To subject to the yoke; to make subject. Wyclif.

Un`de*serve" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + deserve.] To fail to deserve. [Obs.] Milton.

Un`de*serv"er (?), n. One of no merit; one who is nor deserving or worthy. [Obs.] Shak.

Un`de*sign"ing (?), a. Having no artful, ulterior, or fraudulent purpose; sincere; artless; simple.

Un`de*stroy"a*ble (?), a. Indestructible.

Un`de*ter"mi*na*ble (?), a. Not determinable; indeterminable. Locke.

Un`de*ter"mi*nate (?), a. Nor determinate; not settled or certain; indeterminate. South. — Un`de*ter"mi*nate*ness, n. Dr. H. More.

Un`de*ter`mi*na"tion (?), n. Indetermination. Sir M. Hale.

Un*dev"il (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + devil.] To free from possession by a devil or evil spirit; to exorcise. [Obs.]

They boy having gotten a habit of counterfeiting . . . would not be undeviled by all their exorcisms.

Fuller.

Un`de*vo"tion (?), n. Absence or want of devotion.

Un*did" (?), imp. of Undo.

Un*dif`fer*en"ti*a`ted (?), a. Not differentiated; specifically (Biol.), homogenous, or nearly so; — said especially of young or embryonic tissues which have not yet undergone differentiation (see Differentiation, 3), that is, which show no visible separation into their different structural parts.

Un*dig"e*nous (?), a. [L. unda a wave + -genous.] Generated by water. [R.] Kirwan.

Un`di*gest"i*ble (?), a. Indigestible.

Un*dight" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + dight.] To put off; to lay aside, as a garment. [Obs.] Spenser.

Un*digne" (?), a. Unworthy. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Un*dine" (?), n. [G. undine, or F. ondin, ondine, from L. unda a wave, water.] One of a class of fabled female water spirits who might receive a human soul by intermarrying with a mortal.

Un*di"o*cesed (?), a. Unprovided with a diocese; having no diocese. Milton.

Un`di*rect" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + direct, v. t.] To misdirect; to mislead. [Obs.]

who make false fires to undirect seamen in a tempest.

Fuller.

Un`di*rect", a. [Pref. un- not + direct.] Indirect.

Un`di*rect"ed, a. [In senses 1 and 2, pref. un- not + directed; in sense 3 properly p. p. of undirect.] 1. Not directed; not guided; left without direction.

2. Not addressed; not superscribed, as a letter.

3. Misdirected; misled; led astray. [R.]

Un`di*rect"ly (?), adv. Indirectly. Strype.

Un`dis*cern"ing (?), n. Want of discernment. [R.] Spectator.

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Un`dis*close" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + disclose.] To keep close or secret. [Obs.] Daniel.

Un`dis*creet" (?), a. Indiscreet. Chaucer.

— Un`dis*creet"ly, adv. — — Un`dis*creet"ness.

— Un`dis*cre"tion (#), n. Indiscretion.

Un`dis*pen"sa*ble (?), a. 1. Indispensable.

2. Unavoidable; inevitable. [Obs.] Fuller.

3. Not to be freed by dispensation. [Obs.]

Un`dis*pensed" (?), a. 1. Not dispensed.

2. Not freed by dispensation. [R.] Tooker.

Un`dis*pos"ed*ness (?), n. Indisposition; disinclination.

Un*dis"pu*ta*ble (?), a. Indisputable. Addison. — Un*dis"pu*ta*ble*ness, n.

Un`dis*tinc"tive (?), a. Making no distinctions; not discriminating; impartial.

As undistinctive Death will come here one day.

Dickens.

Un`dis*tinct"ly (?), adv. Indistinctly.

Un`di*vid"ed (?), a. 1. Not divided; not separated or disunited; unbroken; whole; continuous; as, plains undivided by rivers or mountains.

2. Not set off, as a share in a firm; not made actually separate by division; as, a partner, owning one half in a firm, is said to own an undivided half so long as the business continues and his share is not set off to him.

3. Not directed or given to more than one object; as, undivided attention or affection. Shak.

4. (Bot.) Not lobed, cleft, or branched; entire.

Un`di*vid"u*al (?), a. Indivisible. [Obs.]

True courage and courtesy are undividual companions.

Fuller.

Un`di*vis"i*ble (?), a. Indivisible.

Un*do" (?), v. t. [AS. und&?;n. See 1st Un-, and Do to perform.] 1. To reverse, as what has been done; to annul; to bring to naught.

What's done can not be undone.

Shak.

To-morrow, ere the setting sun, She 'd all undo that she had done.

Swift.

2. To loose; to open; to take to piece; to unfasten; to untie; hence, to unravel; to solve; as, to undo a knot; to undo a puzzling question; to undo a riddle. Tennyson.

Pray you, undo this button.

Shak.

She took the spindle, and undoing the thread gradually, measured it.

Sir W. Scott.

3. To bring to poverty; to impoverish; to ruin, as in reputation, morals, hopes, or the like; as, many are undone by unavoidable losses, but more undo themselves by vices and dissipation, or by indolence.

That quaffing and drinking will undo you,

Shak.

Un*dock" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + dock.] (Naut.) To take out of dock; as, to undock a ship.

Un*do"er (?), n. One who undoes anything; especially, one who ruins another.

Un*do"ing, n. 1. The reversal of what has been done.

2. Ruin. "The utter undoing of some." Hooker.

Un`do*mes"ti*cate (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + domesticate.] To make wild or roving.

Un*done" (?), p. p. of Undo.

Un*done", a. [Pref. un- not + done.] Not done or performed; neglected.

Un*dou"ble (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + double.] To unfold, or render single.

Un*doubt"a*ble (?), a. Indubitable.

Un*doubt"ed, a. Not doubted; not called in question; indubitable; indisputable; as, undoubted proof; undoubted hero. — Un*doubt"ed*ly, adv.

Un*drape" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + drape.] To strip of drapery; to uncover or unveil.

Un*draw" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + draw.] To draw aside or open; to draw back.

Angels undrew the curtain of the throne.

Young.

{ Un*dreamed" (?), Un*dreamt" (?), } a. Not dreamed, or dreamed of; not th&?;ught of; not imagined; — often followed by of.

Unpathed waters, undreamed shores.

Shak.

Un*dress" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + dress.]

1. To divest of clothes; to strip.

2. To divest of ornaments to disrobe.

3. (Med.) To take the dressing, or covering, from; as, to undress a wound.

Un"dress (?), n. 1. A loose, negligent dress; ordinary dress, as distinguished from full dress.

2. (Mil. & Naval) An authorized habitual dress of officers and soldiers, but not full-dress uniform.

Undress parade (Mil.), a substitute for dress parade, allowed in bad weather, the companies forming without arms, and the ceremony being shortened.

Un*du"bi*ta*ble (?), a. Indubitable; as, an undubitable principle. [Obs.] Locke.

Un*due" (?), a. 1. Not due; not yet owing; as, an undue debt, note, or bond.

2. Not right; not lawful or legal; improper; as, an undue proceeding. Bacon.

3. Not agreeable to a rule or standard, or to duty; disproportioned; excessive; immoderate; inordinate; as, an undue attachment to forms; an undue rigor in the execution of law.

Undue influence (Law), any improper or wrongful constraint, machination, or urgency of persuasion, by which one's will is overcome and he is induced to do or forbear an act which he would not do, or would do, if left to act freely. Abbott.

Un*due"ness, n. The quality of being undue.

Un*duke" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + duke.] To deprive of dukedom. Swift.

Un"du*lant (?), a. Undulating. [R.]

Un"du*la*ry (?), a. [See Undulate.] Moving like waves; undulatory. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Un"du*late (?), a. [L. undulatus undulated, wavy, a dim. from unda a wave; cf. AS. &?;&?;, Icel. unnr; perhaps akin to E. water. Cf. Abound, Inundate, Redound, Surround.] Same as Undulated.

Un"du*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Undulated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Undulating.] To cause to move backward and forward, or up and down, in undulations or waves; to cause to vibrate.

Breath vocalized, that is, vibrated and undulated.

Holder.

Un"du*late, v. i. To move in, or have, undulations or waves; to vibrate; to wave; as, undulating air.

Un"du*la`ted (?), a. 1. Resembling, or in the nature of, waves; having a wavy surface; undulatory.

2. (Bot.) Waved obtusely up and down, near the margin, as a leaf or corolla; wavy.

3. (Zoöl.) Formed with elevations and depressions resembling waves; having wavelike color markings; as, an undulated shell.

Un"du*la`ting, a. Rising and falling like waves; resembling wave form or motion; undulatory; rolling; wavy; as, an undulating medium; undulating ground. — Un"du*la`ting*ly. adv.

Un`du*la"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. ondulation.] 1. The act of undulating; a waving motion or vibration; as, the undulations of a fluid, of water, or of air; the undulations of sound.

2. A wavy appearance or outline; waviness. Evelyn.

3. (Mus.) (a) The tremulous tone produced by a peculiar pressure of the finger on a string, as of a violin. (b) The pulsation caused by the vibrating together of two tones not quite in unison; — called also beat.

4. (Physics) A motion to and fro, up and down, or from side to side, in any fluid or elastic medium, propagated continuously among its particles, but with no translation of the particles themselves in the direction of the propagation of the wave; a wave motion; a vibration.

Un`du*la"tion*ist, n. One who advocates the undulatory theory of light. Whewell.

Un"du*la*tive (?), a. Consisting in, or accompanied by, undulations; undulatory.

Un"du*la*to*ry (?; 277), a. [Cf. F. ondulatoire.] Moving in the manner of undulations, or waves; resembling the motion of waves, which successively rise or swell rise or swell and fall; pertaining to a propagated alternating motion, similar to that of waves.

Undulatory theory, or Wave theory (of light) (Opt.), that theory which regards its various phenomena as due to undulations in an ethereal medium, propagated from the radiant with immense, but measurable, velocities, and producing different impressions on the retina according to their amplitude and frequency, the sensation of brightness depending on the former, that of color on the latter. The undulations are supposed to take place, not in the direction of propagation, as in the air waves constituting sound, but transversely, and the various phenomena of refraction, polarization, interference, etc., are attributable to the different affections of these undulations in different circumstances of propagation. It is computed that the frequency of the undulations corresponding to the several colors of the spectrum ranges from 458 millions of millions per second for the extreme red ray, to 727 millions of millions for the extreme violet, and their lengths for the same colors, from the thirty-eight thousandth to the sixty thousandth part of an inch. The theory of ethereal undulations is applicable not only to the phenomena of light, but also to those of heat.

Un*dull" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + dull.] To remove the dullness of; to clear. [Obs.] Whitlock.

Un"du*lous (?), a. Undulating; undulatory.

Un*du"ly (?), adv. In an undue manner.

Un*dump"ish (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + dumpish.] To relieve from the dumps. [Obs.] Fuller.

Un*dust" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + dust.] To free from dust. [Obs.]

Un*dwell"a*ble (?), a. Uninhabitable. [Obs.] "A land undwellable." Wyclif.

Un*dwelt" (?), a. Not lived (in); — with in.

Un*dy"ing (?), a. Not dying; imperishable; unending; immortal; as, the undying souls of men.

Un*eared" (?), a. Not eared, or plowed. Shak.

Un*earned" (?), a. Not earned; not gained by labor or service.

Unearned increment (Polit. Econ.), a increase in the value of land due to no labor or expenditure on the part of the owner, but to natural causes, such as the increase of population, the growth of a town in the vicinity, or the like. Some hold that this should belong to the nation.

Un*earth" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Unearthed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Unearthing.] [1st pref. un- + earth.] To drive or draw from the earth; hence, to uncover; to bring out from concealment; to bring to light; to disclose; as, to unearth a secret.

To unearth the roof of an old tree.

Wordsworth.

Un*earth"ly, a. Not terrestrial; supernatural; preternatural; hence, weird; appalling; terrific; as, an unearthly sight or sound. — Un*earth"li*ness (#), n.

Un*ease" (?), n. Want of ease; uneasiness. [Obs.]

Un*eas"i*ly (?), adv. In an easy manner.

Un*eas"i*ness, n. 1. The quality or state of being uneasy; restlessness; disquietude; anxiety.

2. The quality of making uneasy; discomfort; as, the uneasiness of the road. [Obs.] Bp. Burnet.

Un*eas"y (?), a. 1. Not easy; difficult. [R.]

Things . . . so uneasy to be satisfactorily understood.

Boyle.

The road will be uneasy to find.

Sir W. Scott.

2. Restless; disturbed by pain, anxiety, or the like; disquieted; perturbed.

The soul, uneasy and confined from home, Rests and expatiates in a life to come.

Pope.

3. Not easy in manner; constrained; stiff; awkward; not graceful; as, an uneasy deportment.

4. Occasioning want of ease; constraining; cramping; disagreeable; unpleasing. "His uneasy station." Milton.

A sour, untractable nature makes him uneasy to those who approach him.

Addison.

Un*eath" (?), a. [AS. uneá&?;e; un- not + eá&?;&?; easily, easy; akin to OS. &?;&?;i easy, OHG. &?;di.] Not easy; difficult; hard. [Obs.]

Who he was, uneath was to descry.

Spenser.

Un*eath", adv. Not easily; hardly; scarcely. [Obs.]

Uneath may she endure the flinty streets.

Shak.

Un*edge" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + edge.] To deprive of the edge; to blunt. J. Fletcher.

Un`e*fec"tu*al (?), a. Ineffectual. "His uneffectual fire." Shak.

Un`e*las"tic (?), a. Not elastic; inelastic.

Un`e*las*tic"i*ty (?), n. Inelasticity.

Un*el"e*gant (?), a. Inelegant.

Un*el"i*gi*ble (?), a. Ineligible. Rogers.

Un`em*bar"rassed (?), a. Not embarrassed. Specifically: —

(a) Not perplexed in mind; not confused; as, the speaker appeared unembarrassed.

(b) Free from pecuniary difficulties or encumbrances; as, he and his property are unembarrassed.

(c) Free from perplexing connection; as, the question comes into court unembarrassed with irrelevant matter.

Un`em*bar"rass*ment (?), n. Freedom from embarrassment.

Un`em*bod"ied (?), a. 1. Free from a corporeal body; disembodied; as, unembodied spirits. Byron.

2. Not embodied; not collected into a body; not yet organized; as, unembodied militia.

Un`em*pir"ic*al*ly (?), adv. Not empirically; without experiment or experience.

Un`em*ployed" (?), a. 1. Not employed in manual or other labor; having no regular work.

2. Not invested or used; as, unemployed capital.

Un`en*cum"ber (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + encumber.] To free from incumbrance; to disencumber.

Un*end"ly (?), a. [Pref. un- not + end + -ly.] Unending; endless. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.

Un`en*tan"gle (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + entangle.] To disentangle.

Un*e"qual (?), a. [Cf. Inequal.] 1. Not equal; not matched; not of the same size, length, breadth, quantity, strength, talents, acquirements, age, station, or the like; as, the fingers are of unequal length; peers and commoners are unequal in rank.

2. Ill balanced or matched; disproportioned; hence, not equitable; partial; unjust; unfair.

Against unequal arms to fight in pain.

Milton.

Jerome, a very unequal relator of the opinion of his adversaries.

John Worthington.

To punish me for what you make me do Seems much unequal.

Shak.

3. Not uniform; not equable; irregular; uneven; as, unequal pulsations; an unequal poem.

4. Not adequate or sufficient; inferior; as, the man was unequal to the emergency; the timber was unequal to the sudden strain.

5. (Bot.) Not having the two sides or the parts symmetrical.

Un*e"qual*a*ble (?), a. Not capable of being equaled or paralleled. [Obs.] Boyle.

Un*e"qualed (?), a. Not equaled; unmatched; unparalleled; unrivaled; exceeding; surpassing; — in a good or bad sense; as, unequaled excellence; unequaled ingratitude or baseness. [Written also unequalled.]

Un*e"qual*ly (?), adv. In an unequal manner.

Unequally pinnate (Bot.), pinnate, but with an odd number of leaflets.

Un*e"qual*ness, n. The quality or state of being unequal; inequality; unevenness. Jer. Taylor.

Un*eq"ui*ta*ble (?), a. Inequitable.

Un*eq"ui*ty (?), n. Want of equity or uprightness; injustice; wickedness; iniquity. [Obs.] Wyclif.

Un`e*quiv"o*cal (?), a. Not equivocal; not doubtful; not ambiguous; evident; sincere; plain; as, unequivocal evidence; unequivocal words. — Un`e*quiv"o*cal*ly, adv. — Un`e*quiv"o*cal*ness, n.

Un*err"ing (?), a. Committing no mistake; incapable or error or failure certain; sure; unfailing; as, the unerring wisdom of God.

Hissing in air the unerring weapon flew.

Dryden.

Un*err"ing*ly, adv. In an unerring manner.

Un`es*sen"tial (?), a. 1. Not essential; not of prime importance; not indispensable; unimportant. Addison.

2. Void of essence, or real being. [R.] Milton.

Un`es*sen"tial, n. Something not constituting essence, or something which is not of absolute necessity; as, forms are among the unessentials of religion.

Un`es*sen"tial*ly, adv. In an unessential manner.

Un`es*tab"lish (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + establish.] To disestablish. [R.]

The Parliament demanded of the king to unestablish that prelatical government.

Milton.

{ Un*eth" (n*th"), Un*ethes" (?) }, adv. With difficulty; scarcely. See Uneath. [Written also unethe, unneth, unnethe, unnethes, etc.] [Obs.] Chaucer.

Un*e"ven (?), a. [AS. unefen. See Un- not, and Even, a.] 1. Not even; not level; not uniform; rough; as, an uneven road or way; uneven ground.

2. Not equal; not of equal length.

Hebrew verse consists of uneven feet.

Peacham.

3. Not divisible by two without a remainder; odd; - - said of numbers; as, 3, 7, and 11 are uneven numbers.

Un*e"ven*ly, adv. — Un*e"ven*ness, n.

Un*ev"i*ta*ble (?), a. Inevitable. [Obs.]

Un`ex*act" (?), a. Not exact; inexact.

Un`ex*am"pled (?), a. Having no example or similar case; being without precedent; unprecedented; unparalleled. "A revolution . . . unexampled for grandeur of results." De Quincey.

Un`ex*cep"tion*a*ble (?), a. Not liable to any exception or objection; unobjectionable; faultless; good; excellent; as, a man of most unexceptionable character. — Un`ex*cep"tion*a*ble*ness (#), n. — Un`ex*cep"tion*a*bly, adv.

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Chesterfield is an unexceptionable witness.

Macaulay.

Un`ex*cept"ive (?), a. Not exceptive; not including, admitting, or being, an exception.

Un`ex*cus"a*ble (?), a. Inexcusable. Hayward. — Un`ex*cus"a*ble*ness, n.

Un`ex*haust"i*ble (?), a. Inexhaustible.

Un*ex`pec*ta"tion (?), n. Absence of expectation; want of foresight. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Un`ex*pect"ed (?), a. Not expected; coming without warning; sudden. — Un`ex*pect"ed*ly, adv. — Un`ex*pect"ed*ness, n.

Un`ex*pe"di*ent (?), a. Inexpedient. [Obs.]

Un`ex*pen"sive (?), a. Inexpensive. Milton.

Un`ex*pe"ri*ence (?), n. Inexperience. [Obs.]

Un`ex*pe"ri*enced (?), a. 1. Not experienced; being without experience; inexperienced. Swift.

2. Untried; — applied to things. Cheyne.

Un`ex*pe"ri*ent (?), a. Inexperienced. [Obs.]

Un`ex*pert" (?), a. Not expert; inexpert. Milton.

Un`ex*pert"ly, adv. In an unexpert manner.

Un`ex*press"i*ble (?), a. Inexpressible. Tillotson. — Un`ex*press"i*bly, adv.

Un`ex*press"ive (?), a. 1. Not expressive; not having the power of utterance; inexpressive.

2. Incapable of being expressed; inexpressible; unutterable; ineffable. [Obs.]

Run, run, Orlando; carve on every tree The fair, the chaste and unexpressive she.

Shak.

— Un`ex*press"ive*ly, adv.

Un`ex*tin"guish*a*ble (?), a. Inextinguishable. — Un`ex*tin"guish*a*bly, adv.

Un*ex"tri*ca*ble (?), a. Not extricable; inextricable. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

Un*face" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + face.] To remove the face or cover from; to unmask; to expose.

Un*fail"a*ble (?), a. Infallible. [Obs.] "This unfailable word of truth." Bp. Hall.

Un*fail"ing, a. Not failing; not liable to fail; inexhaustible; certain; sure. Dryden. — Un*fail"ing*ly, adv. — Un*fail"ing*ness, n.

Un*fair" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + fair.] To deprive of fairness or beauty. [R.] Shak.

Un*fair", a. [AS. unfæger unlovely. See Un- not, and Fair, a.] Not fair; not honest; not impartial; disingenuous; using or involving trick or artifice; dishonest; unjust; unequal.

You come, like an unfair merchant, to charge me with being in your debt.

Swift.

— Un*fair"ly, adv — Un*fair"ness, n.

Un*faith" (?), n. Absence or want of faith; faithlessness; distrust; unbelief. [R.]

Faith and unfaith can ne'er be equal powers: Unfaith in aught is want of faith in all.

Tennyson.

Un*faith"ful (?), a. 1. Not faithful; not observant of promises, vows, allegiance, or duty; violating trust or confidence; treacherous; perfidious; as, an unfaithful subject; an unfaithful agent or servant.

My feet, through wine, unfaithful to their weight.

Pope.

His honor rooted in dishonor stood, And faith unfaithful kept him falsely true.

Tennyson.

2. Not possessing faith; infidel. [R.] Milton.

— Un*faith"ful*ly, adv. — Un*faith"ful*ness, n.

Un*fal"ca*ted (?), a. 1. Not falcated, or hooked.

2. Having no deductions; not curtailed, or shortened; undiminished. [R.] Swift.

Un*fal"li*ble (?), a. Infallible. Shak.

Un*fas"ten (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + fasten.] To loose; to unfix; to unbind; to untie.

Un*fa"thered (?), a. 1. Having no father; fatherless; hence, born contrary to nature. Shak.

2. Having no acknowledged father; hence, illegitimate; spurious; bastard.

Un*fa"vor*a*ble (?), a. Not favorable; not propitious; adverse; contrary; discouraging. — Un*fa"vor*a*ble*ness, n. — Un*fa"vor*a*bly, adv.

Un*feath"er (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + feather.] To deprive of feathers; to strip. [R.]

Un*fea"tured (?; 135), a. Wanting regular features; deformed. "Visage rough, deformed, unfeatured, and a skin of buff." Dryden.

Un*feat"y (?), a. [Un- not + feat, a.] Not feat; not dexterous; unskillful; clumsy. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.

Un*feel"ing (?), a. 1. Destitute of feeling; void of sensibility; insensible; insensate.

2. Without kind feelings; cruel; hard- hearted.

To each his sufferings: all are men, Condemned alike to groan; The tender for another's pain, Th' unfeeling for his own.

Gray.

— Un*feel"ing*ly, adv. — Un*feel"ing*ness, n.

Un*feigned" (?), a. Not feigned; not counterfeit; not hypocritical; real; sincere; genuine; as, unfeigned piety; unfeigned love to man. "Good faith unfeigned." Chaucer. — Un*feign"ed*ly (#), adv. — Un*feign"ed*ness, n.

Un*fel"low (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + fellow.] To prevent from being a fellow or companion; to separate from one's fellows; to dissever.

Death quite unfellows us.

Mrs. Browning.

Un*fel"lowed (?), a. [Pref. un- + fellowed.] Being without a fellow; unmatched; unmated. Shak.

Un*fence" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + fence.] To strip of a fence; to remove a fence from.

Un*fer"tile (?), a. Not fertile; infertile; barren. — Un*fer"tile*ness, n.

Un*fest"lich (?), a. Unfit for a feast; hence, jaded; worn. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Un*fet"ter (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + fetter.] To loose from fetters or from restraint; to unchain; to unshackle; to liberate; as, to unfetter the mind.

Un*feu"dal*ize (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + feudalize.] To free from feudal customs or character; to make not feudal. Carlyle.

Un*file" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + file.] To remove from a file or record.

Un*filed" (?), a. [Pref. un- not + filed, p. p. of file to defile.] Not defiled; pure. [Obs.] Surrey.

Un*fil"ial (?), a. Unsuitable to a son or a daughter; undutiful; not becoming a child. — Un*fil"ial*ly, adv.

Un*fin"ished (?), a. Not finished, not brought to an end; imperfect; incomplete; left in the rough; wanting the last hand or touch; as, an unfinished house; an unfinished picture; an unfinished iron casting.

Un*firm" (?), a. Infirm. [R.] Dryden.

Un*firm"ness, n. Infirmness. [R.]

Un*fit" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + fit.] To make unsuitable or incompetent; to deprive of the strength, skill, or proper qualities for anything; to disable; to incapacitate; to disqualify; as, sickness unfits a man for labor; sin unfits us for the society of holy beings.

Un*fit", a. [Pref. un- + fit.] Not fit; unsuitable. — Un*fit"ly, adv. — Un*fit"ness, n.

Un*fix" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + fix.] 1. To loosen from a fastening; to detach from anything that holds; to unsettle; as, to unfix a bayonet; to unfix the mind or affections.

2. To make fluid; to dissolve. [R.]

The mountain stands; nor can the rising sun Unfix her frosts.

Dryden.

Un*fledged" (?), a. Not fledged; not feathered; hence, not fully developed; immature. Dryden.

Un*flesh" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + flesh.] To deprive of flesh; to reduce a skeleton. "Unfleshed humanity." Wordsworth.

Un*flesh"ly (?), a. Not pertaining to the flesh; spiritual.

Un*flex"i*ble (?), a. Inflexible.

Un*flinch"ing (?), a. Not flinching or shrinking; unyielding. — Un*flinch"ing*ly, adv.

Un*flow"er (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + flower.] To strip of flowers. [R.] G. Fletcher.

Un*fold" (?), v. t. [AS. unfealdan. See 1st Un-, and Fold, v. t.] 1. To open the folds of; to expand; to spread out; as, to unfold a tablecloth.

Unfold thy forehead gathered into frowns.

Herbert.

2. To open, as anything covered or close; to lay open to view or contemplation; to bring out in all the details, or by successive development; to display; to disclose; to reveal; to elucidate; to explain; as, to unfold one's designs; to unfold the principles of a science.

Unfold the passion of my love.

Shak.

3. To release from a fold or pen; as, to unfold sheep.

Un*fold", v. i. To open; to expand; to become disclosed or developed.

The wind blows cold While the morning doth unfold.

J. Fletcher.

Un*fold"er (?), n. One who, or that which, unfolds.

Un*fold"ment (?), n. The acct of unfolding, or the state of being unfolded.

The extreme unfoldment of the instinctive powers.

C. Morris.

Un*fool" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + fool.] To restore from folly, or from being a fool. [Obs.] Shak.

Un`fore*see" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + foresee.] To fail to foresee. Bp. Hacket.

Un`fore*see"a*ble (?), a. Incapable of being foreseen. South.

Un*fore"skinned (?), a. [1st pref. un- + foreskin + -ed.] Deprived of the foreskin; circumcised. [R.] Milton.

Un`for*get"ta*ble (?), a. Not forgettable; enduring in memory.

Pungent and unforgettable truths.

Emerson.

Un*form" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + form.] To decompose, or resolve into parts; to destroy the form of; to unmake. [R.] Good.

Un*formed" (?), a. [In sense 1 properly p. p. of un form; in senses 2 and 3 pref. un- not + formed.]

1. Decomposed, or resolved into parts; having the form destroyed.

2. Not formed; not arranged into regular shape, order, or relations; shapeless; amorphous.

3. (Biol.) Unorganized; without definite shape or structure; as, an unformed, or unorganized, ferment.

Unformed stars (Astron.), stars not grouped into any constellation; informed stars. See Sporades.

Un*for"tu*nate (?), a. Not fortunate; unsuccessful; not prosperous; unlucky; attended with misfortune; unhappy; as, an unfortunate adventure; an unfortunate man; an unfortunate commander; unfortunate business. — n. An unfortunate person. Hood.

— Un*for"tu*nate*ly, adv. — Un*for"tu*nate*ness, n.

Un*found"ed (?), a. 1. Not founded; not built or established. Milton.

2. Having no foundation; baseless; vain; idle; as, unfounded expectations. Paley.

Un*frame" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + frame.] To take apart, or destroy the frame of. Dryden.

Un*fran"gi*ble (?), a. Infrangible. [Obs.] "Impassible and unfrangible." Jer. Taylor.

Un*frank"a*ble (?), a. Not frankable; incapable of being sent free by public conveyance.

Un*fraught" (?), a. 1. [Pref. un- not + fraught.] Not fraught; not burdened.

2. [1st pref. un- + fraught.] Removed, as a burden; unloaded. P. Fletcher.

Un*free" (?), a. Not free; held in bondage.

There had always been a slave class, a class of the unfree, among the English as among all German peoples.

J. R. Green

Un*freeze" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + freeze.] To thaw. [Obs.]

Un*fre"quen*cy (?), n. Infrequency.

Un*fre"quent (&?;), a. [Pref. un- not + frequent.] Infrequent. J. H. Newman. — Un*fre"quent*ly adv.

Un`fre*quent" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + frequent.] To cease to frequent. [Obs.]

They quit their thefts and unfrequent the fields.

J. Philips.

Un`fre*quent"ed, a. [Pref. un- + frequented.] Rarely visited; seldom or never resorted to by human beings; as, an unfrequented place or forest. Addison.

Un*fret" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + fret.] To smooth after being fretted. [Obs.]

Un*friend" (?), n. One not a friend; an enemy. [R.] Carlyle.

Un*friend"ed, a. Wanting friends; not befriended; not countenanced or supported. Goldsmith.

If Richard indeed does come back, it must be alone, unfollowed, unfriended.

Sir W. Scott.

Un*friend"ly, a. 1. Not friendly; not kind or benevolent; hostile; as, an unfriendly neighbor.

2. Not favorable; not adapted to promote or support any object; as, weather unfriendly to health.

— Un*friend"li*ness (#), n.

Un*friend"ship, n. The state or quality of being unfriendly; unfriendliness; enmity.

An act of unfriendship to my sovereign person.

Sir W. Scott.

Un*frock" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + frock.] To deprive or divest or a frock; specifically, to deprive of priestly character or privilege; as, to unfrock a priest.

Un*fruit"ful (?), a. Not producing fruit or offspring; unproductive; infertile; barren; sterile; as, an unfruitful tree or animal; unfruitful soil; an unfruitful life or effort. — Un*fruit"ful*ly, adv. — Un*fruit"ful*ness, n.

Un*fumed" (?), a. Not exposed to fumes; not fumigated. Milton.

Un*furl" (?), v. t. & i. [1st pref. un- + furl.] To loose from a furled state; to unfold; to expand; to open or spread; as, to unfurl sails; to unfurl a flag.

Un*fur"nish (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + furnish.] To strip of furniture; to divest; to strip.

Un*fu"si*ble (?), a. Infusible. [R.]

Un*gain" (?), a. [OE. ungein. See Ungainly.] Ungainly; clumsy; awkward; also, troublesome; inconvenient. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Beau. & Pl.

Un*gain"li*ness, n. The state or quality of being ungainly; awkwardness.

Un*gain"ly, a. [OE. ungeinliche, adv., fr. ungein inconvenient; un- + Icel. gegn ready, serviceable; adv., against, opposite. See Un- not, and Gain, a., Again.]

1. Not gainly; not expert or dexterous; clumsy; awkward; uncouth; as, an ungainly strut in walking.

His ungainly figure and eccentric manners.

Macaulay.

2. Unsuitable; unprofitable. [Obs.] Hammond.

Un*gain"ly, adv. In an ungainly manner.

Un*gear" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + gear.] To strip of gear; to unharness; to throw out of gear.

Un*geld" (?), n. [Pref. un- not + geld payment.] (Anglo-Sax. Law) A person so far out of the protection of the law, that if he were murdered, no geld, or fine, should be paid, or composition made by him that killed him. Cowell. Burrill.

Un*gen"er*ous (?), a. Not generous; illiberal; ignoble; unkind; dishonorable.

The victor never will impose on Cato Ungenerous terms.

Addison.

Un*gen"er*ous*ly, adv. In an ungenerous manner.

Un*gen"i*tured (?), a. [Pref. un- not + geniture.] Destitute of genitals; impotent. [R.] Shak.

Un*gen"tle (?), a. Not gentle; lacking good breeding or delicacy; harsh.

Vicious, ungentle, foolish, blunt, unkind.

Shak.

That ungentle flavor which distinguishes nearly all our native and uncultivated grapes.

Hawthorne.

— Un*gen"tle*ness, n. — Un*gen"tly (#), adv.

Un*get" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + get.] To cause to be unbegotten or unborn, or as if unbegotten or unborn. [R.]

I 'll disown you, I 'll disinherit you, I 'll unget you.

Sheridan.

Un*gift"ed (?), a. Being without gifts, especially native gifts or endowments. Cowper.

Un*gird" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + gird.] To loose the girdle or band of; to unbind; to unload.

He ungirded his camels.

Gen. xxiv. 32.

Un*give" (?), v. t. & i. [1st pref. un- (intensive) + give.] To yield; to relax; to give way. [Obs.]

Ung"ka (?), n. (Zoöl.) The siamang; — called also ungka ape.

Ung"ka-pu`ti (?), n. (Zoöl.) The agile gibbon; — called also ungka-pati, and ungka- etam. See Gibbon.

Un*glaze" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + glaze.] To strip of glass; to remove the glazing, or glass, from, as a window.

Un*glo"ri*fy (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + glorify.] To deprive of glory. [R.] I. Watts.

Un*glo"ri*ous (?), a. Inglorious. [Obs.] Wyclif.

Un*glove" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + glove.] To take off the glove or gloves of; as, to unglove the hand. Beau. & Fl.

Un*glue" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + glue.] To separate, part, or open, as anything fastened with glue.

She stretches, gapes, unglues her eyes, And asks if it be time to rise.

Swift.

Un*god" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + god.] 1. To deprive of divinity; to undeify. [R.] Donne.

2. To cause to recognize no god; to deprive of a god; to make atheistical. [R.] Dryden.

Un*god"ly, a. 1. Not godly; not having regard for God; disobedient to God; wicked; impious; sinful.

2. Polluted by sin or wickedness.

The hours of this ungodly day.

Shak.

— Un*god"li*ly (#), adv. — Un*god"li*ness, n.

<! p. 1574 !>

Un*gored" (?), a. [Pref. un- + gore blood.] Not stained with gore; not bloodied. Sylvester.

Un*gored" (?), a. [Pref. un- + gored, p. p. of 3d gore.] Not gored or pierced.

{ Un*got" (?), Un*got"ten (?), } a. 1. Not gotten; not acquired.

2. Not begotten. [Obs. or Poetic] "His loins yet full of ungot princes." Waller.

Un*gov"ern*a*ble (?), a. Not governable; not capable of being governed, ruled, or restrained; licentious; wild; unbridled; as, ungovernable passions. — Un*gov"ern*a*bly, adv. Goldsmith.

Un*gown" (?), v. t. [1 st pref. un- + gown.] To strip of a gown; to unfrock.

Un*gowned" (?), a. 1. [1 st pref. un- + gown.] Stripped of a gown; unfrocked.

2. [Pref. un- not + gowned.] Not having, or not wearing, a gown.

Un*grace"ful (?), a. Not graceful; not marked with ease and dignity; deficient in beauty and elegance; inelegant; awkward; as, ungraceful manners; ungraceful speech.

The other oak remaining a blackened and ungraceful trunk.

Sir W. Scott.

— Un*grace"ful*ly, adv. — Un*grace"ful*ness, n.

Un*gra"cious (?), a. 1. Not gracious; showing no grace or kindness; being without good will; unfeeling. Shak.

2. Having no grace; graceless; wicked. [Obs.] Shak.

3. Not well received; offensive; unpleasing; unacceptable; not favored.

Anything of grace toward the Irish rebels was as ungracious at Oxford as at London.

Clarendon.

— Un*gra"cious*ly, adv. — Un*gra"cious*ness, n.

Un*grate" (?), a. Displeasing; ungrateful; ingrate. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

Un*grate"ful (?), a. 1. Not grateful; not thankful for favors; making no returns, or making ill return for kindness, attention, etc.; ingrateful. South.

2. Unpleasing; unacceptable; disagreeable; as, harsh sounds are ungrateful to the ear.

— Un*grate"ful*ly, adv. — Un*grate"ful*ness, n.

Un*grave" (?), v. t. [1 st pref. un- + grave.] To raise or remove from the grave; to disinter; to untomb; to exhume. [Obs.] Fuller.

Un"gual (?), a. [L. unguis a nail, claw, hoof.]

1. Of or pertaining to a nail, claw, talon, or hoof, or resembling one.

2. Having a nail, claw, or hoof attached; — said of certain bones of the feet.

Un*guard" (?), v. t. [1 st pref. un- + guard.] To deprive of a guard; to leave unprotected. [R.] Sterne.

Un"gue*al (?), a. [Cf. F. onguéal. See Ungual.] Ungual.

Un"guent (?; 277), n. [L. unguentum, from unguere, ungere, to anoint: cf. F. onguent. See Ointment, and cf. Unction, Unctuous.] A lubricant or salve for sores, burns, or the like; an ointment. Cowper.

An unguent is stiffer than a liniment, but softer than a cerate.

Un"guen*ta*ry (?), a. [L. unguentarius.] Like an unguent, or partaking of its qualities.

Un*guen"tous (?), a. Unguentary.

Un*guest"like (?), adv. In a manner not becoming to a guest. [R.] Milton.

Un"guic*al (?), a. [L. unguis a nail or claw. Cf. Ungual.] Ungual.

Un*guic"u*lar (?), a. [L. unguiculus, dim. of unguis a nail.] Of or pertaining to a claw or a nail; ungual.

||Un*guic`u*la"ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. unguiculus a finger nail.] ||(Zoöl.) An extensive division of Mammalia including those having ||claws or nails, as distinguished from the hoofed animals (Ungulata). || Un*guic"u*late (?), n. (Zoöl.) One of the Unguiculata.

{ Un*guic"u*late, Un*guic"u*la`ted (?), } a. 1. Furnished with nails, claws, or hooks; clawed. See the Note under Nail, n., 1.

2. (Bot.) Furnished with a claw, or a narrow stalklike base, as the petals of a carnation.

Un*guif"er*ous (?), a. [L. unguis nail or claw + -ferous.] Producing, having, or supporting nails or claws.

Un"gui*form (?), a. [L. unguis a nail or claw + -form.] Having the form of a claw or claws.

Un"gui*nous (?), a. [L. unguinosus, fr. unguen, -inis, fat, ointment.] Consisting of, or resembling, fat or oil; oily; unctuous; oleaginous.

||Un"guis (?), n.; pl. Ungues (#). [L., nail, claw, or hoof.] 1. The ||nail, claw, talon, or hoof of a finger, toe, or other appendage. || 2. (Zoöl.) One of the terminal hooks on the foot of an insect.

3. (Bot.) The slender base of a petal in some flowers; a claw; called also ungula.

||Un"gu*la (?), n.; pl. Ungulæ (#). [L., a claw, hoof, from unguis a ||nail, claw, hoof.] 1. A hoof, claw, or talon. || 2. (Geom.) A section or part of a cylinder, cone, or other solid of revolution, cut off by a plane oblique to the base; — so called from its resemblance to the hoof of a horse.

3. (Bot.) Same as Unguis, 3.

Spherical ungula (Geom.), a part of a sphere bounded by two planes intersecting in a diameter and by a line of the surface of the sphere.

Un"gu*lar (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to a hoof, claw, or talon; ungual.

||Un`gu*la"ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. ungula hoof.] (Zoöl.) An ||extensive group of mammals including all those that have hoofs. It ||comprises the Artiodactyla and Perissodactyla. || Un"gu*late (?), a. [L. ungulatus. See Ungula.] 1. Shaped like a hoof.

2. (Zoöl.) Furnished with hoofs. See the Note under Nail, n., 1.

Un"gu*late, n. (Zoöl.) Any hoofed quadruped; one of the Ungulata.

Un"guled (?), a. [L. ungula a claw.] (Her.) Hoofed, or bearing hoofs; — used only when these are of a tincture different from the body.

Un"gu*li*grade (?), a. [L. ungula hoof + gradi to walk.] (Zoöl.) Having, or walking on, hoofs.

Un"gu*lous (?), a. [See Ungula.] (Zoöl.) Same as Ungulate.

Un*hair" (?), v. t. [1 st pref. un- + hair.] To deprive of hair, or of hairs; as, to unhair hides for leather.

I 'll unhair thy head.

Shak.

Un*hal"low (?), v. t. [1 st pref. un- + hallow.] To profane; to desecrate.

The vanity unhallows the virtue.

L'Estrange.

Un*hal"lowed (?), a. [Pref. un- not + hallowed.] Not consecrated; hence, profane; unholy; impious; wicked.

In the cause of truth, no unhallowed violence . . . is either necessary or admissible.

E. D. Griffin.

Un*hand" (?), v. t. [1 st pref. un- + hand.] To loose from the hand; to let go.

Hold off! unhand me, gray beard loon! Eftsoons his hand dropped he.

Coleridge.

Un*hand"some (?), a. 1. Not handsome; not beautiful; ungraceful; not comely or pleasing; plain; homely.

Were she other than she is, she were unhandsome.

Shak.

I can not admit that there is anything unhandsome or irregular . . . in the globe.

Woodward.

2. Wanting noble or amiable qualities; dishonorable; illiberal; low; disingenuous; mean; indecorous; as, unhandsome conduct, treatment, or imputations. "Unhandsome pleasures." J. Fletcher.

3. Unhandy; clumsy; awkward; inconvenient. [Obs.]

The ships were unwieldy and unhandsome.

Holland.

A narrow, straight path by the water's side, very unhandsome for an army to pass that way, though they found not a man to keep the passage.

Sir T. North.

— Un*hand"some*ly, adv. — Un*hand"some*ness, n.

Un*hand"y (?), a. Clumsy; awkward; as, an Unhandy man.

Un*hang" (?), v. t. [1 st pref. un- + hang.]

1. To divest or strip of hangings; to remove the hangings, as a room.

2. To remove (something hanging or swinging) from that which supports it; as, to unhang a gate.

Un*hap" (?), n. Ill luck; misfortune. [Obs.] "The cause of her unhap." Sir P. Sidney.

Un*hap"pied (?), a. Made unhappy. [Obs.] Shak.

Un*hap"py (?), a. 1. Not happy or fortunate; unfortunate; unlucky; as, affairs have taken an unhappy turn.

2. In a degree miserable or wretched; not happy; sad; sorrowful; as, children render their parents unhappy by misconduct.

3. Marked by infelicity; evil; calamitous; as, an unhappy day. "The unhappy morn." Milton.

4. Mischievous; wanton; wicked. [Obs.] Shak.

— Un*hap"pi*ly (#), adv. — Un*hap"pi*ness, n.

Un*har"bor (?), v. t. [1 st pref. un- + harbor.] To drive from harbor or shelter.

Un*har"bored (?), a. [Pref. un- not + harbored.] 1. Having no harbor or shelter; unprotected.

2. Affording no harbor or shelter. "Unharbored heaths." [Obs.] Milton.

Un`har*mo"ni*ous (?), a. Inharmonious; unsymmetrical; also, unmusical; discordant. Swift. — Un`har*mo"ni*ous*ly, adv.

Un*har"ness (?), v. t. [1 st pref. un- + harness.] 1. To strip of harness; to loose from harness or gear; as, to unharness horses or oxen. Cowper.

2. To disarm; to divest of armor. Holinshed.

Un*hasp" (?), v. t. [1 st pref. un- + hasp.] To unloose the hasp of; to unclose.

Un*hat" (?), v. t. & i. [1 st pref. un- + hat.] To take off the hat of; to remove one's hat, especially as a mark of respect. H. Spenser.

Un*head" (?), v. t. [1 st pref. un- + head.]

1. To take out the head of; as, to unhead a cask.

2. To decapitate; to behead. [Obs.] T. Brown.

Un*heal" (?), n. [Pref. un- not + heal health.] Misfortune; calamity; sickness. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Un*heal", v. t. To uncover. See Unhele. [Obs.]

Un"health (?), n. Unsoundness; disease.

Un*heard" (?), a. 1. Not heard; not perceived by the ear; as, words unheard by those present.

2. Not granted an audience or a hearing; not allowed to speak; not having made a defense, or stated one's side of a question; disregarded; unheeded; as, to condem&?; a man unheard.

What pangs I feel, unpitied and unheard!

Dryden.

3. Not known to fame; not illustrious or celebrated; obscure.

Nor was his name unheard or unadored.

Milton.

Unheard of. (a) Not heard of; of which there are no tidings. (b) Unknown to fame; obscure. Glanvill.

Un*heard"-of (?), a. New; unprecedented; unparalleled. Swift.

Un*heart" (?), v. t. [1 st pref. un- + heart.] To cause to lose heart; to dishearten. [Obs.] Shak.

Un*heed"y (?), a. Incautious; precipitate; heedless. [Obs.] Milton.

Un*heired" (?), a. Destitute of an heir.

To leave him utterly unheired.

Chapman.

Un*hele" (?), n. Same as Unheal, n. [Obs.]

Un*hele", v. t. [AS. unhelian. See 1st Un-, and Hele to cover.] To uncover. [Obs.] Spenser. Marston.

Un*helm" (?), v. t. [1 st pref. un- + helm.] To deprive of the helm or helmet. Sir W. Scott.

Un*helmed" (?), a. 1. [Properly p. p. of unhelm.] Divested or deprived of the helm or helmet.

2. [Pref. un- not + helm.] Not wearing a helmet; without a helmet. Sir W. Scott.

Un*hel"met (?), v. t. [1 st pref. un- + helmet.] To deprive of the helmet. Sir W. Scott.

Un*hide" (?), v. t. [1 st pref. un- + hide.] To bring out from concealment; to discover. [Obs.] P. Fletcher.

Un*hinge" (?), v. t. [1 st pref. un- + hinge.]

1. To take from the hinges; as, to unhinge a door.

2. To displace; to unfix by violence. Blackmore.

3. To render unstable or wavering; to unsettle; as, to unhinge one's mind or opinions; to unhinge the nerves.

Why should I then unhinge my brains, ruin my mind?

South.

His sufferings, nay the revolutions of his fate, had not in the least unhinged his mind.

Walpole.

Un*hinge"ment (?), n. The act unhinging, or the state of being unhinged.

Un*hitch" (?), v. t. [1 st pref. un- + hitch.] To free from being hitched, or as if from being hitched; to unfasten; to loose; as, to unhitch a horse, or a trace.

Un*hive" (?), v. t. v. t. [1 st pref. un- + hive.]

1. To drive or remove from a hive.

2. To deprive of habitation or shelter, as a crowd.

Un*hoard" (?), v. t. [1 st pref. un- + hoard.] To take or steal from a hoard; to pilfer. Milton.

Un*hold" (?), v. t. [1 st pref. un- + hold.] To cease to hold; to unhand; to release. [Obs.] Otway.

Un*ho"ly (?), a. Not holy; unhallowed; not consecrated; hence, profane; wicked; impious. — Un*ho"li*ly (#), adv. — Un*ho"li*ness, n.

Un*hon"est (?), a. Dishonest; dishonorable. Ascham. — Un*hon"est*ly, adv. Udall.

Un*hood" (?), v. t. [1 st pref. un- + hood.] To remove a hood or disguise from. Quarterly Rev.

Un*hook" (?), v. t. [1 st pref. un- + hook.] To loose from a hook; to undo or open by loosening or unfastening the hooks of; as, to unhook a fish; to unhook a dress.

Un*hoop" (?), v. t. [1 st pref. un- + hoop.] To strip or deprive of hoops; to take away the hoops of.

Un*hoped" (?), a. Not hoped or expected. "With unhoped success." Dryden.

Blessings of friends, which to my door Unasked, unhoped, have come.

J. N. Newman.

Un*hoped"-for (?), a. Unhoped; unexpected.

Un*horse" (?), v. t. [1 st pref. un- + horse.] To throw from a horse; to cause to dismount; also, to take a horse or horses from; as, to unhorse a rider; to unhorse a carriage. Cowper.

Un*hosed" (?), a. Without hose.

Un*hos"pi*ta*ble (?), a. Inhospitable.

Un*house" (?), v. t. [1 st pref. un- + house.] To drive from a house or habitation; to dislodge; hence, to deprive of shelter.

Un*housed" (?), a. 1. [Properly p. p. of unhouse.] Driven from a house; deprived of shelter.

2. [Pref. un- + housed.] Not provided with a house or shelter; houseless; homeless.

Un*hou"seled (?), a. Not having received the sacrament. [Obs.] [Written also unhouselled.]

To die like the houseless dog on yonder common, unshriven and unhouseled.

Sir W. Scott.

Un*hu"man (?), a. Not human; inhuman.

Un*hu"man*ize (?), v. t. [1 st pref. un- + humanize.] To render inhuman or barbarous. J. Barlow.

Un*husked" (?), a. 1. [Pref. un- not + husked.] Not husked; having the husk on.

2. [1 st pref. un- + husk, n.] Having the husk removed; without husk. Bp. Hall.

U"ni- (?). [L. unus one. See One.] A prefix signifying one, once; as in uniaxial, unicellular.

{ U"ni*at (?), U"ni*ate (?), } n. (Eccl.) A member of the Greek Church, who nevertheless acknowledges the supremacy of the Pope of Rome; one of the United Greeks. Also used adjectively.

U`ni*ax"al (?), a. [Uni + axal.] Uniaxial. — U`ni*ax"al*ly, adv.

U`ni*ax"i*al (?), a. [Uni + axial.] 1. (Crystallog.) Having but one optic axis, or line of no double refraction.

In uniaxial crystals, the optic axis has the direction of the vertical crystallographic axis. All tetragonal and hexagonal crystals are uniaxial.

2. (Biol.) Having only one axis; developing along a single line or plane; — opposed to multiaxial.

U`ni*ax"i*al*ly, adv. In a uniaxial manner.

U`ni*bran"chi*ate (?), a. [Uni- + branchiate.] (Zoöl.) Having but one gill, as certain molluscs.

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U`ni*cam"e*ral (?), a. [Uni- + L. camera vault.] Having, or consisting of, a single chamber; — said of a legislative assembly. [R.] F. Lieber.

U`ni*cap"su*lar (?). [Uni- + capsular: cf. F. unicapsulaire.] (Bot.) Having but one capsule to each flower.

U`ni*car"i*na`ted (?), a. [Uni- + carinated.] Having one ridge or keel. Craig.

U"ni*celled` (?), a. [Uni- + cell.] (Biol.) Unicellular.

U`ni*cel"lu*lar (?), a. [Uni- + cellular.] Having, or consisting of, but a single cell; as, a unicellular organism.

U`ni*cen"tral (?), a. [Uni- + central.] (Biol.) Having a single center of growth.

Unicentral development, that form of development which takes place primarily around a single central point, as in the lowest of unicellular organisms.

U*nic"i*ty (?), n. [L. unicus single. See Unique.] The condition of being united; quality of the unique; unification.

Not unity, but what the schoolmen call unicity.

De Quincey.

The unicity we strive not to express, for that is impossible, but to designate by the nearest analogy.

Coleridge.

U`ni*cli"nal (?), a. [Uni- + Gr. &?; to incline.] (Geol.) See Nonoclinal.

U`ni*col"or*ous (?), a. [Uni- + color.] (Zoöl.) Having the surface of a uniform color.

U"ni*corn (?), n. [OE. unicorne, F. unicorne, L. unicornis one-horned, having a single horn; unus one + cornu a horn; cf. L. unicornuus a unicorn. See One, and Horn.] 1. A fabulous animal with one horn; the monoceros; — often represented in heraldry as a supporter.

2. A two-horned animal of some unknown kind, so called in the Authorized Version of the Scriptures.

Canst thou bind the unicorn with his band in the furrow?

Job xxxix. 10.

The unicorn mentioned in the Scripture was probably the urus. See the Note under Reem.

3. (Zoöl.) (a) Any large beetle having a hornlike prominence on the head or prothorax. (b) The larva of a unicorn moth.

4. (Zoöl.) The kamichi; — called also unicorn bird.

5. (Mil.) A howitzer. [Obs.]

Fossil unicorn, or Fossil unicorn's horn (Med.), a substance formerly of great repute in medicine; — named from having been supposed to be the bone or the horn of the unicorn. — Unicorn fish, Unicorn whale (Zoöl.), the narwhal. — Unicorn moth (Zoöl.), a notodontian moth (Cœlodasys unicornis) whose caterpillar has a prominent horn on its back; — called also unicorn prominent. — Unicorn root (Bot.), a name of two North American plants, the yellow-flowered colicroot (Aletris farinosa) and the blazing star (Chamælirium luteum). Both are used in medicine. — Unicorn shell (Zoöl.), any one of several species of marine gastropods having a prominent spine on the lip of the shell. Most of them belong to the genera Monoceros and Leucozonia.

U`ni*cor"nous (?), a. [See Unicorn.] (Zoöl.) Having but a single horn; — said of certain insects. "Unicornous beetles." Sir T. Browne.

U`ni*cos"tate (?), a. [Uni- + costate.] (Bot.) Having a single rib or strong nerve running upward from the base; — said of a leaf.

U`ni*cur"sal (?), a. [Uni- + L. currere, cursum, to run.] (Geom.) That can be passed over in a single course; — said of a curve when the coördinates of the point on the curve can be expressed as rational algebraic functions of a single parameter θ.

As θ varies minus infinity to plus infinity, to each value of θ there corresponds one, and only one, point of the curve, while to each point on the curve there corresponds one, and only one, value of θ. Straight lines, conic sections, curves of the third order with a nodal point, curves of the fourth order with three double points, etc., are unicursal.

Un`i*de"aed (?), a. Having no ideas; senseless; frivolous. "Unideaed girls." Mrs. Hemans.

He [Bacon] received the unideaed page [Villiers] into his intimacy.

Lord Campbell.

Un`i*de"al (?), a. 1. Not ideal; real; unimaginative.

2. Unideaed. [R.] Johnson.

Un`i*di*men"sion*al (?), a. [Uni- + dimensional.] (Math.) Having but one dimension. See Dimension.

U`ni*fa"cial (?), a. [Uni- + facial.] Having but one front surface; as, some foliaceous corals are unifacial, the polyp mouths being confined to one surface.

U*nif"ic (?), a. Making one or unity; unifying.

U`ni*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [See Unify.] The act of unifying, or the state of being unified.

Unification with God was the final aim of the Neoplatonicians.

Fleming.

U"ni*fi`er (?), n. One who, or that which, unifies; as, a natural law is a unifier of phenomena.

U`ni*fi"lar (?), a. [Uni- + L. filum a thread.] Having only one thread; involving the use of only one thread, wire, fiber, or the like; as, unifilar suspension.

Unifilar magnetometer (Physics), an instrument which consists of a magnetic bar suspended at its center of gravity by a long thread, constituting a delicate means for accurately measuring magnetic intensities, also for determining declinations of the magnetic needle.

U`ni*fla*gel"late (?), a. [Uni- + flagellate.] (Biol.) Having but one flagellum; as, uniflagellate organisms.

U`ni*flo"rous (?), a. [Uni- + L. flos, floris, a flower: cf. F. uniflore.] (Bot.) Bearing one flower only; as, a uniflorous peduncle.

U`ni*fol"li*ate (?), a. [Uni- + foliate.] (Bot.) Having only one leaf.

U`ni*fol"li*late (?), a. [Uni- + foliolate.] (Bot.) Having only one leaflet, as the leaves of the orange tree.

U"ni*form (?), a. [L. uniformis; unus one + forma from: cf. F. uniforme.]

1. Having always the same form, manner, or degree; not varying or variable; unchanging; consistent; equable; homogenous; as, the dress of the Asiatics has been uniform from early ages; the temperature is uniform; a stratum of uniform clay. Whewell.

2. Of the same form with others; agreeing with each other; conforming to one rule or mode; consonant.

The only doubt is . . . how far churches are bound to be uniform in their ceremonies.

Hooker.

Uniform matter, that which is all of the same kind and texture; homogenous matter. — Uniform motion, the motion of a body when it passes over equal spaces in equal times; equable motion. Hutton.

U"ni*form, n. [F. uniforme. See Uniform, a.] A dress of a particular style or fashion worn by persons in the same service or order by means of which they have a distinctive appearance; as, the uniform of the artillery, of the police, of the Freemasons, etc.

There are many things which, a soldier will do in his plain clothes which he scorns to do in his uniform.

F. W. Robertson.

In full uniform (Mil.), wearing the whole of the prescribed uniform, with ornaments, badges of rank, sash, side arms, etc. — Uniform sword, an officer's sword of the regulation pattern prescribed for the army or navy.

U"ni*form, v. t. 1. To clothe with a uniform; as, to uniform a company of soldiers.

2. To make conformable. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.

U`ni*form"al (?), a. Uniform. [Obs.] Herrick.

U"ni*form`ism (?), n. [From Uniform.] (Geol.) The doctrine of uniformity in the geological history of the earth; — in part equivalent to uniformitarianism, but also used, more broadly, as opposed to catastrophism.

U`ni*form`i*ta"ri*an (?), a. (Geol.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, the view or doctrine that existing causes, acting in the same manner and with essentially the same intensity as at the present time, are sufficient to account for all geological changes.

U`ni*form`i*ta"ri*an, n. (Geol.) One who accepts uniformitarianism, or the uniformitarian doctrine.

U`ni*form`i*ta"ri*an*ism (?), n. (Geol.) The uniformitarian doctrine.

U`ni*form"i*ty (?), n. [L. uniformitas: cf. F. uniformité.] 1. The quality or state of being uniform; freedom from variation or difference; resemblance to itself at all times; sameness of action, effect, etc., under like conditions; even tenor; as, the uniformity of design in a poem; the uniformity of nature.

2. Consistency; sameness; as, the uniformity of a man's opinions.

3. Similitude between the parts of a whole; as, the uniformity of sides in a regular figure; beauty is said to consist in uniformity with variety.

4. Continued or unvaried sameness or likeness.

5. Conformity to a pattern or rule; resemblance, consonance, or agreement; as, the uniformity of different churches in ceremonies or rites.

Act of Uniformity (Eng. Hist.), an act of Parliament, passed in 1661, prescribing the form of public prayers, administration of sacraments, and other rites of the Established Church of England. Its provisions were modified by the "Act of Uniformity Amendment Act," of 1872.

U"ni*form`ly (?), adv. In a uniform manner; without variation or diversity; by a regular, constant, or common ratio of change; with even tenor; as, a temper uniformly mild.

To vary uniformly (Math.), to vary with the ratio of the corresponding increments constant; — said of two dependent quantities with regard to each other.

U"ni*from`ness, n. The quality or state of being uniform; uniformity.

U"ni*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Unified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Unifying (?).] [Uni- + -fy: cf. F. unifier.] To cause to be one; to make into a unit; to unite; to view as one.

A comprehensive or unifying act of the judging faculty.

De Quincey.

Perception is thus a unifying act.

Sir W. Hamilton.

U`ni*gen"i*ture (?), n. [L. unigenitus only-begotten; unus one + gignere, genitum, to beget.] The state of being the only begotten. [R.] Bp. Pearson.

U*nig"e*nous (?), a. [L. unigena; unus one + genere, gignere, to beget.] (Biol.) Being of one kind; being of the same genus.

U*nij"u*gate (?), a. [Uni- + L. jugum yoke, pair: cf. L. unijugus having one yoke.] (Bot.) Having but one pair of leaflets; — said of a pinnate leaf.

U`ni*la"bi*ate (?), a. [Uni- + labiate.] (Bot.) Having one lip only; as, a unilabiate corolla.

U`ni*lat"er*al (?), a. [Uni- + lateral: cf. F. unilatéral.] 1. Being on one side only; affecting but one side; one-sided.

2. (Biol.) Pertaining to one side; one- sided; as, a unilateral raceme, in which the flowers grow only on one side of a common axis, or are all turned to one side.

Unilateral contract (Law), a contract or engagement requiring future action only by one party.

U`ni*lit"er*al (?), a. [Uni- + literal.] Consisting of one letter only; as, a uniliteral word or sign.

U`ni*lo"bar (?), a. [Uni- + lobar.] Consisting of a single lobe.

U`ni*loc"u*lar (?), a. [Uni- + locular: cf. F. uniloculaire.] (Biol.) Having one cell or cavity only; as, a unilocular capsule or shell.

Un*im"i*ta*ble (?), a. Inimitable. [Obs.]

Un`im*pair"a*ble (?), a. That can not be impaired. Hakewill.

Un`im*peach"a*ble (?), a. Not impeachable; not to be called in question; exempt from liability to accusation; free from stain, guilt, or fault; irreproachable; blameless; as, an unimpeachable reputation; unimpeachable testimony. Burke. — Un`im*peach"a*ble*ness, n. — Un`im*peach"a*bly, adv.

Un*im"pli*cate (?), a. Not implicated. "Unimplicate in folly." R. Browning.

Un`im*por"tance (?), n. Want of importance; triviality. Johnson.

Un`im*proved" (?), a. 1. Not improved; not made better or wiser; not advanced in knowledge, manners, or excellence.

2. Not used; not employed; especially, not used or employed for a valuable purpose; as, unimproved opportunities; unimproved blessings. Cowper.

3. Not tilled, cultivated, or built upon; yielding no revenue; as, unimproved land or soil.

U`ni*mus"cu*lar (?), a. [Uni- muscular.] (Zoöl.) Having only one adductor muscle, and one muscular impression on each valve, as the oyster; monomyarian.

Un`in*cum"bered (?), a. 1. Not incumbered; not burdened.

2. (Law) Free from any temporary estate or interest, or from mortgage, or other charge or debt; as, an estate unincumbered with dower.

Un`in*frin"gi*ble (?), a. That may not be infringed; as, an uninfringible monopoly.

Un`in*tel"li*gence (?), n. Absence or lack of intelligence; unwisdom; ignorance. Bp. Hall.

Un*in"ter*essed (?), a. Uninterested; unaffected. [Obs.] Glanvill.

Un*in"ter*est*ed (?), a. 1. Not interested; not having any interest or property in; having nothing at stake; as, to be uninterested in any business.

2. Not having the mind or the passions engaged; as, uninterested in a discourse or narration.

Un*in`ter*mis"sion (?), n. Want or failure of intermission. [R.] Bp. Parker.

U`ni*nu"cle*a`ted (?), a. [Uni- + nucleated.] (Biol.) Possessed of but a single nucleus; as, a uninucleated cell.

U"ni*o (?), n. [NL., fr. L. unio unity, union, a single large pearl. See Union.] (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of fresh-water mussels belonging to Unio and many allied genera.

U`ni*oc"u*lar (?), a. [Uni- + ocular.] Of, pertaining to, or seated in, one eye; monocular.

Un"ion (?; 277), n. [F., from L. unio oneness, union, a single large pearl, a kind of onion, fr. unus one. See One, and cf. Onion, Unit.] 1. The act of uniting or joining two or more things into one, or the state of being united or joined; junction; coalition; combination.

Union differs from connection, as it implies that the bodies are in contact, without an inter&?;ening body; whereas things may be connected by the in&?;&?;&?;vention of a third body, as by a cord or chain.

2. Agreement and conjunction of mind, spirit, will, affections, or the like; harmony; concord.

3. That which is united, or made one; something formed by a combination or coalition of parts or members; a confederation; a consolidated body; a league; as, the weavers have formed a union; trades unions have become very numerous; the United States of America are often called the Union. A. Hamilton.

4. A textile fabric composed of two or more materials, as cotton, silk, wool, etc., woven together.

5. A large, fine pearl. [Obs.]

If they [pearls] be white, great, round, smooth, and weighty . . . our dainties and delicates here at Rome . . . call them unions, as a man would say "singular," and by themselves alone.

Holland.

In the cup an union shall he throw, Richer than that which four successive kings In Denmark's crown have worn.

Shak.

6. A device emblematic of union, used on a national flag or ensign, sometimes, as in the military standard of Great Britain, covering the whole field; sometimes, as in the flag of the United States, and the English naval and marine flag, occupying the upper inner corner, the rest of the flag being called the fly. Also, a flag having such a device; especially, the flag of Great Britain.

The union of the United States ensign is a cluster of white stars, denoting the union of the States, and, properly, equal in number to that of the States, displayed on a blue field; the fly being composed of alternate stripes of red and white. The union of the British ensign is the three crosses of St. George, St. Andrew, and St. Patrick in combination, denoting the union of England, Scotland and Ireland, displayed on a blue field in the national banner used on shore, on a red, white, or blue field in naval ensigns, and with a white border or fly in the merchant service.

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7. (Mach.) A joint or other connection uniting parts of machinery, or the like, as the elastic pipe of a tender connecting it with the feed pipe of a locomotive engine; especially, a pipe fitting for connecting pipes, or pipes and fittings, in such a way as to facilitate disconnection.

8. (Brewing) A cask suspended on trunnions, in which fermentation is carried on.

Hypostatic union (Theol.) See under Hypostatic. — Latin union. See under Latin. — Legislative Union (Eng. Hist.), the union of Great Britain and Ireland, which took place Jan. 1, 1801. — Union, or Act of Union (Eng. Hist.), the act by which Scotland was united to England, or by which the two kingdoms were incorporated into one, in 1707. — Union by the first, or second, intention. (Surg.) See To heal by the first, or second, intention, under Intention. — Union down (Naut.), a signal of distress at sea made by reversing the flag, or turning its union downward. — Union jack. (Naut.) See Jack, n., 10. — Union joint. (Mech.) (a) A joint formed by means of a union. (b) A piece of pipe made in the form of the letter T.

Syn. — Unity; junction; connection; concord; alliance; coalition; combination; confederacy. — Union, Unity. Union is the act of bringing two or more things together so as to make but one, or the state of being united into one. Unity is a state of simple oneness, either of essence, as the unity of God, or of action, feeling, etc., as unity of design, of affection, etc. Thus, we may speak of effecting a union of interests which shall result in a unity of labor and interest in securing a given object.

One kingdom, joy, and union without end.

Milton.

[Man] is to . . . beget Like of his like, his image multiplied. In unity defective; which requires Collateral love, and dearest amity.

Milton.

Un"ion*ism (?), n. 1. The sentiment of attachment to a federal union, especially to the federal union of the United States.

2. The principles, or the system, of combination among workmen engaged in the same occupation or trade.

Un"ion*ist, n. 1. One who advocates or promotes union; especially a loyal supporter of a federal union, as that of the United States.

2. A member or supporter of a trades union.

Un`ion*is"tic (?), a. Of or pertaining to union or unionists; tending to promote or preserve union.

U`ni*o"vu*late (?), a. [Uni- + ovulate.] (Bot.) Containing but one ovule.

||U*nip"a*ra (?), n. [NL. See Uniparous.] A woman who has borne one ||child. || U*nip"a*rous (?), a. [Uni- + L. parere to bring forth.] 1. (Zoöl.) Producing but one egg or young at a time.

2. (Bot.) Producing but one axis of inflorescence; — said of the scorpioid cyme.

U"ni*ped (?), a. [Uni- + L. pes, pedis, foot.] Having only one foot. Wright.

U"ni*per"son*al (?), a. [Uni- + personal.]

1. Existing as one, and only one, person; as, a unipersonal God.

2. (Gram.) Used in only one person, especially only in the third person, as some verbs; impersonal.

U`ni*per"so*nal*ist, n. (Theol.) One who believes that the Deity is unipersonal.

U*niph"o*nous (?), a. [Uni- + Gr. &?; sound.] Having but one sound, as the drum. [R.]

U*nip"li*cate (?), a. [Uni- + plicate.] Having, or consisting of, but one fold.

U`ni*po"lar (?), a. [Uni- + polar.] 1. (Physics) Having, or acting by means of, one pole only.

2. (Anat.) Having but one pole or process; - - applied to those ganglionic nerve cells which have but one radiating process; — opposed to multipolar.

Unipolar induction (Elec.), induction, as in a conducting circuit, by only one pole of a magnet. — Unipolar stimulation (Physiol.), the simulation sometimes produced when one electrode of an induction apparatus is applied to a nerve; — called also unipolar induction action. Du Bois-Reymond.

U*nique" (?), a. [F. unique; cf. It. unico; from L. unicus, from unus one. See One.] Being without a like or equal; unmatched; unequaled; unparalleled; single in kind or excellence; sole. — U*nique"ly, adv. — U*nique"ness, n.

U*nique", n. A thing without a like; something unequaled or unparalleled. [R.]

The phenix, the unique pf birds.

De Quincey.

U*niq"ui*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being unique; uniqueness. [R.] Walpole.

U`ni*ra"di*a`ted (?), a. [Uni- + radiated.] Having but one ray.

U`ni*ra"mous (?), a. [Uni- + L. ramus branch.] (Biol.) Having but one branch.

U`ni*sep"tate (?), a. [Uni- + septate.] (Bot.) Having but one septum, or partition; — said of two-celled fruits, such as the silicles of cruciferous plants.

U`ni*se"ri*al (?), a. [Uni- + serial.] Having only one row or series.

U`ni*se"ri*ate (?), a. [Uni- + seriate.] Having one line or series; uniserial. — U`ni*se"ri*ate*ly, adv.

U`ni*sex"u*al (?), a. [Uni- + sexual: cf. F. unisexuel.] (Biol.) Having one sex only, as plants which have the male and female flowers on separate individuals, or animals in which the sexes are in separate individuals; diœcious; — distinguished from bisexual, or hermaphrodite. See Diœcious.

U`ni*sil"i*cate (?), n. [Uni- + silicate.] (Min.) A salt of orthosilicic acid, H4SiO4; — so called because the ratio of the oxygen atoms united to the basic metals and silicon respectively is 1:1; for example, Mg2SiO4 or 2MgO.SiO2.

U"ni*son (?; 277), n. [LL. unisonus having the same sound; L. unus one + sonus a sound: cf. F. unisson, It. unisono. See One, and Sound a noise.] 1. Harmony; agreement; concord; union.

2. (Mus.) Identity in pitch; coincidence of sounds proceeding from an equality in the number of vibrations made in a given time by two or more sonorous bodies. Parts played or sung in octaves are also said to be in unison, or in octaves.

If two cords of the same substance have equal length, thickness, and tension, they are said to be in unison, and their sounds will be in unison. Sounds of very different qualities and force may be in unison, as the sound of a bell may be in unison with a sound of a flute. Unison, then, consists in identity of pitch alone, irrespective of quality of sound, or timbre, whether of instruments or of human voices. A piece or passage is said to be sung or played in unison when all the voices or instruments perform the same part, in which sense unison is contradistinguished from harmony.

3. A single, unvaried. [R.] Pope.

In unison, in agreement; agreeing in tone; in concord.

U"ni*son (?; 277), a. [Cf. It. unisono. See Unison, n.] 1. Sounding alone. [Obs.]

[sounds] intermixed with voice, Choral or unison.

Milton.

2. (Mus.) Sounded alike in pitch; unisonant; unisonous; as, unison passages, in which two or more parts unite in coincident sound.

U*nis"o*nal (?), a. Being in unison; unisonant. — U*nis"o*nal*ly, adv.

U*nis"o*nance (?), n. [See Unisonant.] Accordance of sounds; unison.

U*nis"o*nant (?), a. [Uni- + sonant. See Unison.] Being in unison; having the same degree of gravity or acuteness; sounded alike in pitch.

U*nis"o*nous (?), a. [See Unison.] Being in unison; unisonant. Busby.

U"nit (?), n. [Abbrev. from unity.] 1. A single thing or person.

2. (Arith.) The least whole number; one.

Units are the integral parts of any large number.

I. Watts.

3. A gold coin of the reign of James I., of the value of twenty shillings. Camden.

4. Any determinate amount or quantity (as of length, time, heat, value) adopted as a standard of measurement for other amounts or quantities of the same kind.

5. (Math.) A single thing, as a magnitude or number, regarded as an undivided whole.

Abstract unit, the unit of numeration; one taken in the abstract; the number represented by 1. The term is used in distinction from concrete, or determinate, unit, that is, a unit in which the kind of thing is expressed; a unit of measure or value; as 1 foot, 1 dollar, 1 pound, and the like. — Complex unit (Theory of Numbers), an imaginary number of the form a + b-1, when a2 + b2 = 1. — Duodecimal unit, a unit in the scale of numbers increasing or decreasing by twelves. — Fractional unit, the unit of a fraction; the reciprocal of the denominator; thus, ¼ is the unit of the fraction ¾. — Integral unit, the unit of integral numbers, or 1. — Physical unit, a value or magnitude conventionally adopted as a unit or standard in physical measurements. The various physical units are usually based on given units of length, mass, and time, and on the density or other properties of some substance, for example, water. See Dyne, Erg, Farad, Ohm, Poundal, etc. — Unit deme (Biol.), a unit of the inferior order or orders of individuality. — Unit jar (Elec.), a small, insulated Leyden jar, placed between the electrical machine and a larger jar or battery, so as to announce, by its repeated discharges, the amount of electricity passed into the larger jar. — Unit of heat (Physics), a determinate quantity of heat adopted as a unit of measure; a thermal unit (see under Thermal). Water is the substance generally employed, the unit being one gram or one pound, and the temperature interval one degree of the Centigrade or Fahrenheit scale. When referred to the gram, it is called the gram degree. The British unit of heat, or thermal unit, used by engineers in England and in the United States, is the quantity of heat necessary to raise one pound of pure water at and near its temperature of greatest density (39.1° Fahr.) through one degree of the Fahrenheit scale. Rankine. — Unit of illumination, the light of a sperm candle burning 120 grains per hour. Standard gas, burning at the rate of five cubic feet per hour, must have an illuminating power equal to that of fourteen such candles. — Unit of measure (as of length, surface, volume, dry measure, liquid measure, money, weight, time, and the like), in general, a determinate quantity or magnitude of the kind designated, taken as a standard of comparison for others of the same kind, in assigning to them numerical values, as 1 foot, 1 yard, 1 mile, 1 square foot, 1 square yard, 1 cubic foot, 1 peck, 1 bushel, 1 gallon, 1 cent, 1 ounce, 1 pound, 1 hour, and the like; more specifically, the fundamental unit adopted in any system of weights, measures, or money, by which its several denominations are regulated, and which is itself defined by comparison with some known magnitude, either natural or empirical, as, in the United States, the dollar for money, the pound avoirdupois for weight, the yard for length, the gallon of 8.3389 pounds avoirdupois of water at 39.8° Fahr. (about 231 cubic inches) for liquid measure, etc.; in Great Britain, the pound sterling, the pound troy, the yard, or part of the length of a second's pendulum at London, the gallon of 277.274 cubic inches, etc.; in the metric system, the meter, the liter, the gram, etc. — Unit of power. (Mach.) See Horse power. — Unit of resistance. (Elec.) See Resistance, n., 4, and Ohm. — Unit of work (Physics), the amount of work done by a unit force acting through a unit distance, or the amount required to lift a unit weight through a unit distance against gravitation. See Erg, Foot Pound, Kilogrammeter. — Unit stress (Mech. Physics), stress per unit of area; intensity of stress. It is expressed in ounces, pounds, tons, etc., per square inch, square foot, or square yard, etc., or in atmospheres, or inches of mercury or water, or the like.

U*nit"a*ble (?), a. Capable of union by growth or otherwise. Owen.

U`ni*ta"ri*an (?), n. [Cf. F. unitaire, unitairien, NL. unitarius. See Unity.] 1. (Theol.) One who denies the doctrine of the Trinity, believing that God exists only in one person; a unipersonalist; also, one of a denomination of Christians holding this belief.

2. One who rejects the principle of dualism.

3. A monotheist. [R.] Fleming.

U`ni*ta"ri*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Unitarians, or their doctrines.

U`ni*ta"ri*an*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. unitairianisme.] The doctrines of Unitarians.

U`ni*ta"ri*an*ize (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Unitarianized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Unitarianizing (?).] To change or turn to Unitarian views.

U"nit*a*ry (?), a. 1. Of or pertaining to a unit or units; relating to unity; as, the unitary method in arithmetic.

2. Of the nature of a unit; not divided; united.

Unitary theory (Chem.), the modern theory that the molecules of all complete compounds are units, whose parts are bound together in definite structure, with mutual and reciprocal influence on each other, and are not mere aggregations of more or less complex groups; — distinguished from the dualistic theory.

U*nite" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. United; p. pr. & vb. n. Uniting.] [L. unitus, p. p. of unire to unite, from unus one. See One.] 1. To put together so as to make one; to join, as two or more constituents, to form a whole; to combine; to connect; to join; to cause to adhere; as, to unite bricks by mortar; to unite iron bars by welding; to unite two armies.

2. Hence, to join by a legal or moral bond, as families by marriage, nations by treaty, men by opinions; to join in interest, affection, fellowship, or the like; to cause to agree; to harmonize; to associate; to attach.

Under his great vicegerent reign abide, United as one individual soul.

Milton.

The king proposed nothing more than to unite his kingdom in one form of worship.

Clarendon.

Syn. — To add; join; annex; attach. See Add.

U*nite", v. i. 1. To become one; to be cemented or consolidated; to combine, as by adhesion or mixture; to coalesce; to grow together.

2. To join in an act; to concur; to act in concert; as, all parties united in signing the petition.

U*nite", a. [L. unitus, p. p. See Unite, v. t.] United; joint; as, unite consent. [Obs.] J. Webster.

U*nit"ed, a. Combined; joined; made one.

United Brethren. (Eccl.) See Moravian, n. — United flowers (Bot.), flowers which have the stamens and pistils in the same flower. — The United Kingdom, Great Britain and Ireland; — so named since January 1, 1801, when the Legislative Union went into operation. — United Greeks (Eccl.), those members of the Greek Church who acknowledge the supremacy of the pope; — called also uniats.

U*nit"ed*ly, adv. In an united manner. Dryden.

U*nit"er (?), n. One who, or that which, unites.

U*nit"er*a*ble (?), a. Not iterable; incapable of being repeated. [Obs.] "To play away an uniterable life." Sir T. Browne.

U*ni"tion (?), n. [LL. unitio, from L. unire. See Unite,v. t.] The act of uniting, or the state of being united; junction. [Obs.] Wiseman.

U"ni*tive (?), a. [LL. unitivus: cf. F. unitif.] Having the power of uniting; causing, or tending to produce, union. Jer. Taylor.

U"ni*tive*ly, adv. In a unitive manner. Cudworth.

U"nit*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Unitized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Unitizing (?).] To reduce to a unit, or one whole; to form into a unit; to unify.

U"ni*tude (?), n. Unity. [R.] H. Spenser.

U"ni*ty (?), n.; pl. Unities (#). [OE. unite, F. unité, L. unitas, from unus one. See One, and cf. Unit.] 1. The state of being one; oneness.

Whatever we can consider as one thing suggests to the understanding the idea of unity.

Locks.

Unity is affirmed of a simple substance or indivisible monad, or of several particles or parts so intimately and closely united as to constitute a separate body or thing. See the Synonyms under Union.

2. Concord; harmony; conjunction; agreement; uniformity; as, a unity of proofs; unity of doctrine.

Behold, how good and how pleasant it is for brethren to dwell together in unity!

Ps. cxxxiii. 1.

3. (Math.) Any definite quantity, or aggregate of quantities or magnitudes taken as one, or for which 1 is made to stand in calculation; thus, in a table of natural sines, the radius of the circle is regarded as unity.

The number 1, when it is not applied to any particular thing, is generally called unity.

4. (Poetry & Rhet.) In dramatic composition, one of the principles by which a uniform tenor of story and propriety of representation are preserved; conformity in a composition to these; in oratory, discourse, etc., the due subordination and reference of every part to the development of the leading idea or the eastablishment of the main proposition.

In the Greek drama, the three unities required were those of action, of time, and of place; that is, that there should be but one main plot; that the time supposed should not exceed twenty-four hours; and that the place of the action before the spectators should be one and the same throughout the piece.

5. (Fine Arts & Mus.) Such a combination of parts as to constitute a whole, or a kind of symmetry of style and character.

6. (Law) The peculiar characteristics of an estate held by several in joint tenancy.

The properties of it are derived from its unity, which is fourfold; unity of interest, unity of title, unity of time, and unity of possession; in other words, joint tenants have one and the same interest, accruing by one and the same conveyance, commencing at the same time, and held by one and the same undivided possession. Unity of possession is also a joint possession of two rights in the same thing by several titles, as when a man, having a lease of land, afterward buys the fee simple, or, having an easement in the land of another, buys the servient estate.

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At unity, at one. — Unity of type. (Biol.) See under Type.

Syn. — Union; oneness; junction; concord; harmony. See Union.

U*niv"a*lence (?), n. (Chem.) The quality or state of being univalent.

U*niv"a*lent (?), a. [Uni- + L. valens, -entis, p. pr. See Valence.] (Chem.) Having a valence of one; capable of combining with, or of being substituted for, one atom of hydrogen; monovalent; — said of certain atoms and radicals.

U"ni*valve (?), n. [Uni- + valve: cf. F. univalve.] (Zoöl.) A shell consisting of one valve only; a mollusk whose shell is composed of a single piece, as the snails and conchs.

Most univalves are spiral and are the shells of gastropods, but many belong to cephalopods and pteropods. A large number of univalves belonging to the gastropods are conical, cup-shaped, or shieldlike, as the limpets.

{ U"ni*valve (?), U"ni*valved (?), } a. [Cf. F. univalve.] (Bot. & Zoöl.) Having one valve; as, a univalve shell or pericarp.

||U`ni*val"vi*a (&?;), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoöl.) Same as Gastropoda. || U`ni*val"vu*lar (?), a. (Bot. & Zoöl.) Same as Univalve, a.

U`ni*ver"sal (?), a. [L. universalis: cf. F. universel, OF. also universal. See Universe.] 1. Of or pertaining to the universe; extending to, including, or affecting, the whole number, quantity, or space; unlimited; general; all-reaching; all-pervading; as, universal ruin; universal good; universal benevolence or benefice. "Anointed universal King." Milton.

The universal cause Acts not by partial, but by general laws.

Pope.

This universal frame began.

Dryden.

Universal and its derivatives are used in common discourse for general and its derivatives. See General.

2. Constituting or considered as a whole; total; entire; whole; as, the universal world. Shak.

At which the universal host up dent A shout that tore Hell's concave.

Milton.

3. (Mech.) Adapted or adaptable to all or to various uses, shapes, sizes, etc.; as, a universal milling machine.

4. (Logic) Forming the whole of a genus; relatively unlimited in extension; affirmed or denied of the whole of a subject; as, a universal proposition; — opposed to particular; e. g. (universal affirmative) All men are animals; (universal negative) No men are omniscient.

Universal chuck (Mach.), a chuck, as for a lathe, having jaws which can be moved simultaneously so as to grasp objects of various sizes. — Universal church, the whole church of God in the world; the catholic church. See the Note under Catholic, a., 1. — Universal coupling. (Mach.) Same as Universal joint, below. — Universal dial, a dial by which the hour may be found in any part of the world, or under any elevation of the pole. — Universal instrument (Astron.), a species of altitude and azimuth instrument, the peculiarity of which is, that the object end of the telescope is placed at right angles to the eye end, with a prism of total reflection at the angle, and the eye end constitutes a portion of the horizontal axis of the instrument, having the eyepiece at the pivot and in the center of the altitude circle, so that the eye has convenient access to both at the same time. — Universal joint (Mach.), a contrivance used for joining two shafts or parts of a machine endwise, so that the one may give rotary motion to the other when forming an angle with it, or may move freely in all directions with respect to the other, as by means of a cross connecting the forked ends of the two shafts (Fig. 1). Since this joint can not act when the angle of the shafts is less than 140°, a double joint of the same kind is sometimes used for giving rotary motion at angles less than 140° (Fig. 2). — Universal umbel (Bot.), a primary or general umbel; the first or largest set of rays in a compound umbel; — opposed to partial umbel. A universal involucre is not unfrequently placed at the foot of a universal umbel.

Syn. — General; all; whole; total. See General.

U`ni*ver"sal, n. 1. The whole; the general system of the universe; the universe. [Obs.]

Plato calleth God the cause and original, the nature and reason, of the universal.

Sir W. Raleigh.

2. (Logic) (a) A general abstract conception, so called from being universally applicable to, or predicable of, each individual or species contained under it. (b) A universal proposition. See Universal, a., 4.

U`ni*ver*sa"li*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Universalism; Universalist. [R.]

U`ni*ver"sal*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. universalisme.] (Theol.) The doctrine or belief that all men will be saved, or made happy, in the future state.

U`ni*ver"sal*ist (?), n. [Cf. F. universaliste.]

1. (Theol.) One who believes in Universalism; one of a denomination of Christians holding this faith.

2. One who affects to understand all the particulars in statements or propositions. [Obs.] Bentley.

U`ni*ver"sal*ist (?), a. Of or pertaining to Unversalists of their doctrines.

U`ni*ver`sal*is"tic (?), a. Of or pertaining to the whole; universal.

U`ni*ver*sal"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Universalties (#). [Cf. F. universalité.] The quality or state of being universal; unlimited extension or application; generality; — distinguished from particularity; as, the unversality of a proposition; the unversality of sin; the unversality of the Deluge.

U`ni*ver"sal*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Universalized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Universalizing (?).] [Cf. F. universaliser.] To make universal; to generalize. Coleridge.

U`ni*ver"sal*ly, adv. In a universal manner; without exception; as, God's laws are universally binding on his creatures.

U`ni*ver"sal*ness, n. The quality or state of being universal; universality.

U"ni*verse (?), n. [L. universum, from universus universal; unus one + vertere, versum, to turn, that is, turned into one, combined into one whole; cf. F. univers. See One, and Verse.] All created things viewed as constituting one system or whole; the whole body of things, or of phenomena; the &?; &?; of the Greeks, the mundus of the Latins; the world; creation.

How may I Adore thee, Author of this universe And all this good to man!

Milton.

U`ni*ver"si*ty (?), n.; pl. Universities (#). [OE. universite, L. universitas all together, the whole, the universe, a number of persons associated into one body, a society, corporation, fr. universus all together, universal: cf. F. université. See Universe.] 1. The universe; the whole. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

2. An association, society, guild, or corporation, esp. one capable of having and acquiring property. [Obs.]

The universities, or corporate bodies, at Rome were very numerous. There were corporations of bakers, farmers of the revenue, scribes, and others.

Eng. Cyc.

3. An institution organized and incorporated for the purpose of imparting instruction, examining students, and otherwise promoting education in the higher branches of literature, science, art, etc., empowered to confer degrees in the several arts and faculties, as in theology, law, medicine, music, etc. A university may exist without having any college connected with it, or it may consist of but one college, or it may comprise an assemblage of colleges established in any place, with professors for instructing students in the sciences and other branches of learning.

The present universities of Europe were, originally, the greater part of them, ecclesiastical corporations, instituted for the education of churchmen . . . What was taught in the greater part of those universities was suitable to the end of their institutions, either theology or something that was merely preparatory to theology.

A. Smith.

From the Roman words universitas, collegium, corpus, are derived the terms university, college, and corporation, of modern languages; and though these words have obtained modified significations in modern times, so as to be indifferently applicable to the same things, they all agree in retaining the fundamental signification of the terms, whatever may have been added to them. There is now no university, college, or corporation, which is not a juristical person in the sense above explained [see def. 2, above]; wherever these words are applied to any association of persons not stamped with this mark, it is an abuse of terms. Eng. Cyc.

U`ni*ver`so*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to universology.

U`ni*ver*sol"o*gist (?), n. One who is versed in universology.

U`ni*ver*sol"o*gy (?), n. [Universe + -logy.] The science of the universe, and the relations which it involves.

U*niv"o*ca*cy (?), n. The quality or state of being univocal. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

U*niv"o*cal (?), a. [L. univocus; unus one + vox, vocis, a voice, word. See One, and Voice.] 1. Having one meaning only; — contrasted with equivocal.

2. Having unison of sound, as the octave in music. See Unison, n., 2.

3. Having always the same drift or tenor; uniform; certain; regular. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

4. Unequivocal; indubitable. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

U*niv"o*cal, n. 1. (Aristotelian Logic) A generic term, or a term applicable in the same sense to all the species it embraces.

2. A word having but one meaning.

U*niv"o*cal*ly, adv. In a univocal manner; in one term; in one sense; not equivocally.

How is sin univocally distinguished into venial and mortal, if the venial be not sin?

Bp. Hall.

U*niv`o*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. univocation.] Agreement of name and meaning. [Obs.] Whiston.

Un*join" (?), v. t. [1st un- + join.] To disjoin.

Un*joint" (?), v. t. [1st un- + joint.] To disjoint.

Un*joint"ed, a. [Properly p. p. of unjoint.] 1. Disjointed; unconnected; hence, incoherent. Shak.

2. [Pref. un- + jointed.] Having no joint or articulation; as, an unjointed stem.

Un*just" (?), a. 1. Acting contrary to the standard of right; not animated or controlled by justice; false; dishonest; as, an unjust man or judge.

2. Contrary to justice and right; prompted by a spirit of injustice; wrongful; as, an unjust sentence; an unjust demand; an unjust accusation.

— Un*just"ly, adv. — Un*just"ness, n.

Un*jus"tice (?), n. Want of justice; injustice. [Obs.] Hales.

Un"kard (?), a. See Unked. [Prov. Eng.]

||Un"ke (?), n. [G. unke.] (Zoöl.) A European aquatic toad (Bombinator ||igneus). Its back is dark; its belly is marked with crimson. Called ||also feuerkröte. || Un"ked (?), a. [Corrupted fr. uncouth, or OE. unkid; un- + p. p. of AS. cðan to make known, fr. cð known. See Uncouth.] 1. Odd; strange; ugly; old; uncouth. [Prov. Eng.]

2. Lonely; dreary; unkard. [Prov. Eng.]

Weston is sadly unked without you.

Cowper.

Un*kemmed" (?), a. Unkempt. [Obs.]

Un*kempt" (?; 215), a. [Pref. un- not + kempt, p. p. of kemb.] 1. Not combed; disheveled; as, an urchin with unkempt hair.

2. Fig.; Not smoothed; unpolished; rough.

My rhymes be rugged and unkempt.

Spenser.

Un*ken"nel (?), v. t. [1st un- + kennel.]

1. To drive from a kennel or hole; as, to unkennel a fox.

2. Fig.: To discover; to disclose. Shak.

Un*kent" (?), a. [Un- knot + ken to know.] Unknown; strange. [Obs. or Scot.] W. Browne.

Un*keth" (?), a. Uncouth. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

Un*kind" (?), a. [See Kin kindred.] Having no race or kindred; childless. [Obs. & R.] Shak.

Un*kind", a. 1. Not kind; contrary to nature, or the law of kind or kindred; unnatural. [Obs.] "Such unkind abominations." Chaucer.

2. Wanting in kindness, sympathy, benevolence, gratitude, or the like; cruel; harsh; unjust; ungrateful.

He is unkind that recompenseth not; but he is most unkind that forgetteth.

Sir T. Elyot.

— Un*kind"ly, adv. — Un*kind"ness, n.

Un*kind"li*ness (?), n. Unkindness. Tennyson.

Un*kind"ly, a. 1. Not kindly; unkind; ungracious.

2. Unnatural; contrary to nature. [Obs.] "Unkindly crime." Spenser.

3. Unfavorable; annoying; malignant. Milton.

Un*kin"dred (?), a. Not kindred; not of the same kin. [Obs.] Rowe. — Un*kin"dred*ly, a.

Un*king" (?), v. t. [1st un- + king.] To cause to cease to be a king. [R.]

Shall his condescension, therefore, unking him?

South.

Un*king"ship, n. The quality or condition of being unkinged; abolition of monarchy. [Obs.]

Unkingship was proclaimed, and his majesty's statues thrown down.

Evelyn.

Un*kiss" (?), v. t. [1st un- + king.] To cancel or annul what was done or sealed by a kiss; to cancel by a kiss. [Obs.]

Let me unkiss the oath 'twixt thee and me.

Shak.

Un"kle (?), n. See Uncle. [Obs.]

Un*knight" (?), v. t. [1st un- + knight.] To deprive of knighthood. Fuller.

Un*knit" (?), v. t. [1st un- + knit.] To undo or unravel what is knitted together.

Fie, fie! unknit that threatening unkind brow.

Shak.

Un*knot" (?), v. t. [1st un- + knot.] To free from knots; to untie.

Un*know" (?), v. t. [1st un- + know.]

1. To cease to know; to lose the knowledge of. [Obs.]

2. To fail of knowing; to be ignorant of. [Obs.]

Un*know", a. [See Un- not, Know.] Unknown. [Obs.] "French of Paris was to her unknow." Chaucer.

Un*knowl"edged (?), a. Not acknowledged or recognized. [Obs.]

For which bounty to us lent Of him unknowledged or unsent.