Chapter 6

Salt, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Salted; p. pr. & vb. n. Salting.] 1. To sprinkle, impregnate, or season with salt; to preserve with salt or in brine; to supply with salt; as, to salt fish, beef, or pork; to salt cattle.

2. To fill with salt between the timbers and planks, as a ship, for the preservation of the timber.

To salt a mine, to artfully deposit minerals in a mine in order to deceive purchasers regarding its value. [Cant] -- To salt away, To salt down, to prepare with, or pack in, salt for preserving, as meat, eggs, etc.; hence, colloquially, to save, lay up, or invest sagely, as money.

Salt (?), v. i. To deposit salt as a saline solution; as, the brine begins to salt.

Salt (?), n. [L. saltus, fr. salire to leap.] The act of leaping or jumping; a leap. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Sal"tant (?), a. [L. saltans, p. pr. of saltare to dance, v. intens. fr. salire to leap: cf. F. sautant. See Sally, v.] 1. Leaping; jumping; dancing.

2. (Her.) In a leaping position; springing forward; -- applied especially to the squirrel, weasel, and rat, also to the cat, greyhound, monkey, etc.

||Sal`ta*rel"la (?), n. See Saltarello.

||Sal`ta*rel"lo (?), n. [It., fr. L. saltare to jump.] A popular ||Italian dance in quick 3-4 or 6-8 time, running mostly in triplets, ||but with a hop step at the beginning of each measure. See Tarantella.

Sal"tate (?), v. i. [See Saltant.] To leap or dance. [R.]

Sal*ta"tion (?), n. [L. saltatio: cf. F. saltation.] 1. A leaping or jumping.

Continued his saltation without pause.

Sir W. Scott.

2. Beating or palpitation; as, the saltation of the great artery.

3. (Biol.) An abrupt and marked variation in the condition or appearance of a species; a sudden modification which may give rise to new races.

We greatly suspect that nature does make considerable jumps in the way of variation now and then, and that these saltations give rise to some of the gaps which appear to exist in the series of known forms.

Huxley.

||Sal`ta*to"ri*a (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoöl.) A division of Orthoptera ||including grasshoppers, locusts, and crickets.

Sal`ta*to"ri*al (?), a. 1. Relating to leaping; saltatory; as, saltatorial exercises.

2. (Zoöl.) (a) Same as Saltatorious. (b) Of or pertaining to the Saltatoria.

Sal`ta*to"ri*ous (?), a. Capable of leaping; formed for leaping; saltatory; as, a saltatorious insect or leg.

Sal"ta*to"ry (?), a. [L. saltatorius. See Saltant, and cf. Saltire.] Leaping or dancing; having the power of, or used in, leaping or dancing.

Saltatory evolution (Biol.), a theory of evolution which holds that the transmutation of species is not always gradual, but that there may come sudden and marked variations. See Saltation. -- Saltatory spasm (Med.), an affection in which pressure of the foot on a floor causes the patient to spring into the air, so as to make repeated involuntary motions of hopping and jumping. J. Ross.

Salt"bush` (?), n. (Bot.) An Australian plant (Atriplex nummularia) of the Goosefoot family.

Salt"cat` (?), n. A mixture of salt, coarse meal, lime, etc., attractive to pigeons.

Salt"cel*lar (?), n. [OE. saltsaler; salt + F. salière saltcellar, from L. sal salt. See Salt, and cf. Salary.] Formerly a large vessel, now a small vessel of glass or other material, used for holding salt on the table.

Salt"er (?), n. One who makes, sells, or applies salt; one who salts meat or fish.

Salt"ern (?), n. A building or place where salt is made by boiling or by evaporation; salt works.

Salt"foot` (?), n. A large saltcellar formerly placed near the center of the table. The superior guests were seated above the saltfoot.

Salt"-green (?), a. Sea-green in color. Shak.

Salt"ie (?), n. (Zoöl.) The European dab.

Sal"tier (?), n. See Saltire.

||Sal`ti*gra"dæ (?), n. pl. [NL. See Saltigrade.] (Zoöl.) A tribe of ||spiders including those which lie in wait and leap upon their prey; ||the leaping spiders.

Sal"ti*grade (?), a. [L. saltus a leap + gradi to walk, go: cf. F. saltigrade.] (Zoöl.) Having feet or legs formed for leaping.

Sal"ti*grade, n. (Zoöl.) One of the Saltigradæ, a tribe of spiders which leap to seize their prey.

Sal`tim*ban"co (?), n. [It., literally, one who leaps or mounts upon a bench; saltare to leap + in in, upon + banco a bench.] A mountebank; a quack. [Obs.] [Written also santinbanco.]

Saltimbancos, quacksalvers, and charlatans.

Sir T. Browne.

Salt"ing (?), n. 1. The act of sprinkling, impregnating, or furnishing, with salt.

2. A salt marsh.

Sal"tire (?), n. [F. sautoir, fr. LL. saltatorium a sort of stirrup, fr. L. saltatorius saltatory. See Saltatory, Sally, v.] (Her.) A St. Andrew's cross, or cross in the form of an X, -- one of the honorable ordinaries.

Sal"tire*wise` (?), adv. (Her.) In the manner of a saltire; -- said especially of the blazoning of a shield divided by two lines drawn in the direction of a bend and a bend sinister, and crossing at the center.

Salt"ish (?), a. Somewhat salt. -- Salt"ish*ly, adv. -- Salt"ish*ness, n.

Salt"less, a. Destitute of salt; insipid.

Salt"ly, adv. With taste of salt; in a salt manner.

Salt"mouth` (?), n. A wide-mouthed bottle with glass stopper for holding chemicals, especially crystallized salts.

Salt"ness (?), n. The quality or state of being salt, or state of being salt, or impregnated with salt; salt taste; as, the saltness of sea water.

{ Salt`pe"ter, Salt`pe"tre }, (&?;), n. [F. salpêtre, NL. sal petrae, literally, rock salt, or stone salt; so called because it exudes from rocks or walls. See Salt, and Petrify.] (Chem.) Potassium nitrate; niter; a white crystalline substance, KNO3, having a cooling saline taste, obtained by leaching from certain soils in which it is produced by the process of nitrification (see Nitrification, 2). It is a strong oxidizer, is the chief constituent of gunpowder, and is also used as an antiseptic in curing meat, and in medicine as a diuretic, diaphoretic, and refrigerant.

Chili salpeter (Chem.), sodium nitrate (distinguished from potassium nitrate, or true salpeter), a white crystalline substance, NaNO3, having a cooling, saline, slightly bitter taste. It is obtained by leaching the soil of the rainless districts of Chili and Peru. It is deliquescent and cannot be used in gunpowder, but is employed in the production of nitric acid. Called also cubic niter. -- Saltpeter acid (Chem.), nitric acid; -- sometimes so called because made from saltpeter.

Salt`pe"trous (?), a. [Cf. F. salpêtreux.] Pertaining to saltpeter, or partaking of its qualities; impregnated with saltpeter. [Obs.]

Salt" rheum (?). (Med.) A popular name, esp. in the United States, for various cutaneous eruptions, particularly for those of eczema. See Eczema.

Salt"wort` (?), n. (Bot.) A name given to several plants which grow on the seashore, as the Batis maritima, and the glasswort. See Glasswort.

Black saltwort, the sea milkwort.

Salt"y (?), a. Somewhat salt; saltish.

Sa*lu"bri*ous (?), a. [L. salubris, or saluber, fr. salus health; akin to salvus safe, sound, well. See Safe.] Favorable to health; healthful; promoting health; as, salubrious air, water, or climate.

Syn. -- Healthful; wholesome; healthy; salutary.

-- Sa-lu"bri*ous*ly, adv. -- Sa*lu"bri*ous*ness, n.

Sa*lu"bri*ty (?), n. [L. salubritas: cf. F. salubrité See Salubrious.] The quality of being salubrious; favorableness to the preservation of health; salubriousness; wholesomeness; healthfulness; as, the salubrity of the air, of a country, or a climate. "A sweet, dry smell of salubrity." G. W. Cable.

Sa*lue" (?), v. t. [F. saluer. See Salute.] To salute. [Obs.]

There was no "good day" and no saluyng.

Chaucer.

Sal"u*ta*ry (?), a. [L. salutaris, from salus, -utis, health, safety: cf. F. salutaire. See Salubrious.] 1. Wholesome; healthful; promoting health; as, salutary exercise.

2. Promotive of, or contributing to, some beneficial purpose; beneficial; advantageous; as, a salutary design.

Syn. -- Wholesome; healthful; salubrious; beneficial; useful; advantageous; profitable.

-- Sal"u*ta*ri*ly (#), adv. -- Sal"u*ta*ri*ness, n.

Sal`u*ta"tion (?), n. [L. salutatio: cf. F. salutation. See Salute.] The act of saluting, or paying respect or reverence, by the customary words or actions; the act of greeting, or expressing good will or courtesy; also, that which is uttered or done in saluting or greeting.

In all public meetings or private addresses, use those forms of salutation, reverence, and decency usual amongst the most sober persons.

Jer. Taylor.

Syn. -- Greeting; salute; address. -- Salutation, Greeting, Salute. Greeting is the general word for all manner of expressions of recognition, agreeable or otherwise, made when persons meet or communicate with each other. A greeting may be hearty and loving, chilling and offensive, or merely formal, as in the opening sentence of legal documents. Salutation more definitely implies a wishing well, and is used of expressions at parting as well as at meeting. It is used especially of uttered expressions of good will. Salute, while formerly and sometimes still in the sense of either greeting or salutation, is now used specifically to denote a conventional demonstration not expressed in words. The guests received a greeting which relieved their embarrassment, offered their salutations in well-chosen terms, and when they retired, as when they entered, made a deferential salute.

Woe unto you, Pharisees! for ye love the uppermost seats in the synagogues, and greetings in the markets.

Luke xi. 43.

When Elisabeth heard the salutation of Mary, the babe leaped in her womb.

Luke i. 41.

I shall not trouble my reader with the first salutes of our three friends.

Addison.

Sa*lu`ta*to"ri*an (?), n. The student who pronounces the salutatory oration at the annual Commencement or like exercises of a college, -- an honor commonly assigned to that member of the graduating class who ranks second in scholarship. [U.S.]

Sa*lu"ta*to*ri*ly (?), adv. By way of salutation.

Sa*lu"ta*to*ry (?), a. [L. salutatorius. See Salute.] Containing or expressing salutations; speaking a welcome; greeting; -- applied especially to the oration which introduces the exercises of the Commencements, or similar public exhibitions, in American colleges.

Sa*lu"ta*to*ry, n. 1. A place for saluting or greeting; a vestibule; a porch. [Obs.] Milton.

2. (American Colleges) The salutatory oration.

Sa*lute" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Saluted; p. pr. & vb. n. Saluting.] [L. salutare, salutatum, from salus, -utis, health, safety. See Salubrious.] 1. To address, as with expressions of kind wishes and courtesy; to greet; to hail.

I salute you with this kingly title.

Shak.

2. Hence, to give a sign of good will; to compliment by an act or ceremony, as a kiss, a bow, etc.

You have the prettiest tip of a finger . . . I must take the freedom to salute it.

Addison.

3. (Mil. & Naval) To honor, as some day, person, or nation, by a discharge of cannon or small arms, by dipping colors, by cheers, etc.

4. To promote the welfare and safety of; to benefit; to gratify. [Obs.] "If this salute my blood a jot." Shak.

Sa*lute" (?), n. [Cf. F. salut. See Salute, v.] 1. The act of saluting, or expressing kind wishes or respect; salutation; greeting.

2. A sign, token, or ceremony, expressing good will, compliment, or respect, as a kiss, a bow, etc. Tennyson.

3. (Mil. & Naval) A token of respect or honor for some distinguished or official personage, for a foreign vessel or flag, or for some festival or event, as by presenting arms, by a discharge of cannon, volleys of small arms, dipping the colors or the topsails, etc.

Sa*lut"er (?), n. One who salutes.

Sal`u*tif"er*ous (?), a. [L. salutifer; salus, -utis, health + ferre to bring.] Bringing health; healthy; salutary; beneficial; as, salutiferous air. [R.]

Innumerable powers, all of them salutiferous.

Cudworth.

Syn. -- Healthful; healthy; salutary; salubrious.

Sal`u*tif"er*ous*ly, adv. Salutarily. [R.]

Sal`va*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or condition of being salvable; salvableness. [R.]

In the Latin scheme of redemption, salvability was not possible outside the communion of the visible organization.

A. V. G. Allen.

Sal"va*ble (?), a. [L. salvare to save, from salvus safe. Cf. Savable.] Capable of being saved; admitting of salvation. Dr. H. More.

-- Sal"va*ble*ness, n. -- Sal"va*bly, adv.

Sal"vage (?; 48), n. [F. salvage, OF. salver to save, F. sauver, fr. L. salvare. See Save.] 1. The act of saving a vessel, goods, or life, from perils of the sea.

Salvage of life from a British ship, or a foreign ship in British waters, ranks before salvage of goods.

Encyc. Brit.

2. (Maritime Law) (a) The compensation allowed to persons who voluntarily assist in saving a ship or her cargo from peril. (b) That part of the property that survives the peril and is saved. Kent. Abbot.

Sal"vage, a. & n. Savage. [Obs.] Spenser.

Sal*va"tion (?), n. [OE. salvacioun, sauvacion, F. salvation, fr. L. salvatio, fr. salvare to save. See Save.] 1. The act of saving; preservation or deliverance from destruction, danger, or great calamity.

2. (Theol.) The redemption of man from the bondage of sin and liability to eternal death, and the conferring on him of everlasting happiness.

To earn salvation for the sons of men.

Milton.

Godly sorrow worketh repentance to salvation.

2. Cor. vii. 10.

3. Saving power; that which saves.

Fear ye not; stand still, and see the salvation of the Lord, which he will show to you to-day.

Ex. xiv. 13.

Salvation Army, an organization for prosecuting the work of Christian evangelization, especially among the degraded populations of cities. It is virtually a new sect founded in London in 1861 by William Booth. The evangelists, male and female, have military titles according to rank, that of the chief being "General." They wear a uniform, and in their phraseology and mode of work adopt a quasi military style.

Sal*va"tion*ist, n. An evangelist, a member, or a recruit, of the Salvation Army.

Sal"va*to*ry (?), n. [LL. salvatorium, fr. salvare to save.] A place where things are preserved; a repository. [R.] Sir M. Hale.

||Sal"ve (?), interj. [L., hail, God save you, imperat. of salvere to ||be well. Cf. Salvo a volley.] Hail!

Sal"ve (? or ?), v. t. To say "Salve" to; to greet; to salute. [Obs.]

By this that stranger knight in presence came, And goodly salved them.

Spenser.

Salve (?; 277), n. [AS. sealf ointment; akin to LG. salwe, D. zalve, zalf, OHG. salba, Dan. salve, Sw. salfva, Goth. salbn to anoint, and probably to Gr. (Hesychius) &?; oil, &?; butter, Skr. sarpis clarified butter. √155, 291.] 1. An adhesive composition or substance to be applied to wounds or sores; a healing ointment. Chaucer.

2. A soothing remedy or antidote.

Counsel or consolation we may bring. Salve to thy sores.

Milton.

Salve bug (Zoöl.), a large, stout isopod crustacean (Æga psora), parasitic on the halibut and codfish, -- used by fishermen in the preparation of a salve. It becomes about two inches in length.

Salve, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Salved (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Salving.] [AS. sealfian to anoint. See Salve, n.] 1. To heal by applications or medicaments; to cure by remedial treatment; to apply salve to; as, to salve a wound. Shak.

2. To heal; to remedy; to cure; to make good; to soothe, as with an ointment, especially by some device, trick, or quibble; to gloss over.

But Ebranck salved both their infamies With noble deeds.

Spenser.

What may we do, then, to salve this seeming inconsistence?

Milton.

Salve (?), v. t. & i. [See Salvage] To save, as a ship or goods, from the perils of the sea. [Recent]

Salv"er (?), n. One who salves, or uses salve as a remedy; hence, a quacksalver, or quack. [Obs.]

Sal"ver (?), n. [Cf. Salvage.] A salvor. Skeat.

Sal"ver (?), n. [Sp. salva pregustation, the tasting of viands before they are served, salver, fr. salvar to save, to taste, to prove the food or drink of nobles, from L. salvare to save. See Save.] A tray or waiter on which anything is presented.

Sal"ver-shaped` (?), a. (Bot.) Tubular, with a spreading border. See Hypocraterimorphous.

||Sal"vi*a (?), n. [L., sage.] (Bot.) A genus of plants including the ||sage. See Sage.

Sal*vif"ic (?), a. [L. salficus saving; salvus saved, safe + facere to make.] Tending to save or secure safety. [Obs.]

Sal"vo (?), n.; pl. Salvos (#). [L. salvo jure, literally, the right being reserved. See Safe.] An exception; a reservation; an excuse.

They admit many salvos, cautions, and reservations.

Eikon Basilike.

Sal"vo, n. [F. salve a discharge of heavy cannon, a volley, L. salve hail, imperat. of salvere to be well, akin to salvus well. See Safe.] 1. (Mil.) A concentrated fire from pieces of artillery, as in endeavoring to make a break in a fortification; a volley.

2. A salute paid by a simultaneous, or nearly simultaneous, firing of a number of cannon.

Sal"vor (?), n. [See Salvation, Save] (Law) One who assists in saving a ship or goods at sea, without being under special obligation to do so. Wheaton.

Sam (?), adv. [AS. same. See Same, a.] Together. [Obs.] "All in that city sam." Spenser.

Sa*ma"ra (? or ?), n. [L. samara, samera, the seed of the elm.] (Bot.) A dry, indehiscent, usually one-seeded, winged fruit, as that of the ash, maple, and elm; a key or key fruit.

Sam"are (?), n. See Simar.

Sa*mar"i*tan (?), a. [L. Samaritanus.] Of or pertaining to Samaria, in Palestine. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Samaria; also, the language of Samaria.

Sa*ma"ri*um (?), n. [NL., fr. E. samarskite.] (Chem.) A rare metallic element of doubtful identity.

Samarium was discovered, by means of spectrum analysis, in certain minerals (samarskite, cerite, etc.), in which it is associated with other elements of the earthy group. It has been confounded with the doubtful elements decipium, philippium, etc., and is possibly a complex mixture of elements not as yet clearly identified. Symbol Sm. Provisional atomic weight 150.2.

Sam"a*roid (?; 277), a. [Samara + -oid.] (Bot.) Resembling a samara, or winged seed vessel.

Sa*mar"ra (?), n. See Simar.

Sa*mar"skite (?), a. [After Samarski, a Russian.] (Min.) A rare mineral having a velvet-black color and submetallic luster. It is a niobate of uranium, iron, and the yttrium and cerium metals.

Sam"bo, n. [Sp. zambo, sambo.] A colloquial or humorous appellation for a negro; sometimes, the offspring of a black person and a mulatto; a zambo.

Sam"boo (?), n. (Zoöl.) Same as Sambur.

||Sam*bu"cus (?), n. [L., an elder tree.] (Bot.) A genus of shrubs and ||trees; the elder.

Sam"buke (?), n. [L. sambuca, Gr. &?;.] (Mus.) An ancient stringed instrument used by the Greeks, the particular construction of which is unknown.

Sam"bur (?), n. [Hind. smbar, sbar.] (Zoöl.) An East Indian deer (Rusa Aristotelis) having a mane on its neck. Its antlers have but three prongs. Called also gerow. The name is applied to other species of the genus Rusa, as the Bornean sambur (R. equina).

Same (?), a. [AS. same, adv.; akin to OS. sama, samo, adv., OHG. sam, a., sama, adv., Icel. samr, a., Sw. samme, samma, Dan. samme, Goth. sama, Russ. samuii, Gr. &?;, Skr. sama, Gr. &?; like, L. simul at the same time, similis like, and E. some, a., -some. √191. Cf. Anomalous, Assemble, Homeopathy, Homily, Seem, v. i., Semi-, Similar, Some.] 1. Not different or other; not another or others; identical; unchanged.

Thou art the same, and thy years shall have no end.

Ps. cii. 27.

2. Of like kind, species, sort, dimensions, or the like; not differing in character or in the quality or qualities compared; corresponding; not discordant; similar; like.

The ethereal vigor is in all the same.

Dryden.

3. Just mentioned, or just about to be mentioned.

What ye know, the same do I know.

Job. xiii. 2.

Do but think how well the same he spends, Who spends his blood his country to relieve.

Daniel.

Same is commonly preceded by the, this, or that and is often used substantively as in the citations above. In a comparative use it is followed by as or with.

Bees like the same odors as we do.

Lubbock.

[He] held the same political opinions with his illustrious friend.

Macaulay.

Same"li*ness (?), n. Sameness, 2. [R.] Bayne.

Same"ness, n. 1. The state of being the same; identity; absence of difference; near resemblance; correspondence; similarity; as, a sameness of person, of manner, of sound, of appearance, and the like. "A sameness of the terms." Bp. Horsley.

2. Hence, want of variety; tedious monotony.

Syn. -- Identity; identicalness; oneness.

Sa*mette" (?), n. See Samite. [Obs.]

Sa"mi*an (?), a. [L. Samius.] Of or pertaining to the island of Samos.

Fill high the cup with Samian wine.

Byron.

Samian earth, a species of clay from Samos, formerly used in medicine as an astringent.

Sa"mi*an, n. A native or inhabitant of Samos.

Sa"mi*el (?; 277), n. [Turk. sam- yeli; Ar. samm poison + Turk. yel wind. Cf. Simoom.] A hot and destructive wind that sometimes blows, in Turkey, from the desert. It is identical with the simoom of Arabia and the kamsin of Syria.

Sa"mi*ot (?), a. & n. [Cf. F. samiote.] Samian.

Sa"mite (?), a. [OF. samit, LL. samitum, examitum, from LGr. &?;, &?; woven with six threads; Gr. &?; six + &?; a thread. See Six, and cf. Dimity.] A species of silk stuff, or taffeta, generally interwoven with gold. Tennyson.

In silken samite she was light arrayed.

Spenser.

Sam"let (?), n. [Cf. Salmonet.] The parr.

Sam"mi*er (?), n. A machine for pressing the water from skins in tanning. Knight.

Sa*mo"an (?), a. Of or pertaining to the Samoan Islands (formerly called Navigators' Islands) in the South Pacific Ocean, or their inhabitants. -- n. An inhabitant of the Samoan Islands.

||Sa"mo*var (?), n. [Russ. samovar'.] A metal urn used in Russia for ||making tea. It is filled with water, which is heated by charcoal ||placed in a pipe, with chimney attached, which passes through the ||urn.

Sam`oy*edes" (?), n. pl.; sing. Samoyede (&?;). (Ethnol.) An ignorant and degraded Turanian tribe which occupies a portion of Northern Russia and a part of Siberia.

Samp (?), n. [From American Indian spac, saupac, made soft, or thinned.] An article of food consisting of maize broken or bruised, which is cooked by boiling, and usually eaten with milk; coarse hominy.

||Sam"pan (?), n. (Naut.) A Chinese boat from twelve to fifteen feet ||long, covered with a house, and sometimes used as a permanent ||habitation on the inland waters. [Written also sanpan.]

Sam"phire (? or ?; 277), n. [F. l'herbe de Saint Pierre. See Saint, and Petrel.] (Bot.) (a) A fleshy, suffrutescent, umbelliferous European plant (Crithmum maritimum). It grows among rocks and on cliffs along the seacoast, and is used for pickles.

Hangs one that gathers samphire, dreadful trade!

Shak.

(b) The species of glasswort (Salicornia herbacea); -- called in England marsh samphire. (c) A seashore shrub (Borrichia arborescens) of the West Indies.

Golden samphire. See under Golden.

Sam"ple (?), n. [OE. sample, asaumple, OF. essample, example, fr. L. exemplum. See Example, and cf. Ensample, Sampler.] 1. Example; pattern. [Obs.] Spenser. "A sample to the youngest." Shak.

Thus he concludes, and every hardy knight His sample followed.

Fairfax.

2. A part of anything presented for inspection, or shown as evidence of the quality of the whole; a specimen; as, goods are often purchased by samples.

I design this but for a sample of what I hope more fully to discuss.

Woodward.

Syn. -- Specimen; example. See Specimen.

Sam"ple, v. t. 1. To make or show something similar to; to match. Bp. Hall.

2. To take or to test a sample or samples of; as, to sample sugar, teas, wools, cloths.

Sam"pler (?), n. [See Exampler, Exemplar.] 1. One who makes up samples for inspection; one who examines samples, or by samples; as, a wool sampler.