Chapter 46

The armies came shortly in view of each other.

Clarendon.

2. In few words; briefly; abruptly; curtly; as, to express ideas more shortly in verse than in prose.

Short"ness, n. The quality or state of being short; want of reach or extension; brevity; deficiency; as, the shortness of a journey; the shortness of the days in winter; the shortness of an essay; the shortness of the memory; a shortness of provisions; shortness of breath.

Short"sight`ed (?), a. 1. Not able to see far; nearsighted; myopic. See Myopic, and Myopia.

2. Fig.: Not able to look far into futurity; unable to understand things deep; of limited intellect.

3. Having little regard for the future; heedless.

-- Short"sight`ed*ly, adv. -- Short"sight`ed*ness, n.

Cunning is a kind of shortsightedness.

Addison.

Short"-spo`ken (?), a. Speaking in a quick or short manner; hence, gruff; curt. [Colloq.]

Short"stop` (?), n. (Baseball) The player stationed in the field bewtween the second and third bases.

Short"-waist`ed (?), a. Having a short waist.

Short"-wind`ed (?), a. Affected with shortness of breath; having a quick, difficult respiration, as dyspnoic and asthmatic persons. May.

Short"wing` (?), n. (Zoöl.) Any one of several species of small wrenlike Asiatic birds having short wings and a short tail. They belong to Brachypterix, Callene, and allied genera.

<! p. 1333 !>

Short"-wit`ed (?), a. Having little wit; not wise; having scanty intellect or judgment.

Shor"y (?), a. Lying near the shore. [Obs.]

Sho*sho"nes (?), n. pl.; sing. Shoshone (&?;). (Ethnol.) A linguistic family or stock of North American Indians, comprising many tribes, which extends from Montana and Idaho into Mexico. In a restricted sense the name is applied especially to the Snakes, the most northern of the tribes.

Shot (?), imp. & p. p. of Shoot.

Shot, a. Woven in such a way as to produce an effect of variegation, of changeable tints, or of being figured; as, shot silks. See Shoot, v. t., 8.

Shot, n. [AS. scot, sceot, fr. sceótan to shoot; akin to D. sschot, Icel. skot. &radic;159. See Scot a share, Shoot, v. t., and cf. Shot a shooting.] A share or proportion; a reckoning; a scot.

Here no shots are where all shares be.

Chapman.

A man is never . . . welcome to a place till some certain shot be paid and the hostess say "Welcome."

Shak.

Shot, n.; pl. Shotor Shots (#). [OE. shot, schot, AS. gesceot a missile; akin to D. schot a shot, shoot, G. schuss, geschoss a missile, Icel. skot a throwing, a javelin, and E. shoot, v.t. &radic;159. See Shoot, and cf. Shot a share.] 1. The act of shooting; discharge of a firearm or other weapon which throws a missile.

He caused twenty shot of his greatest cannon to be made at the king's army.

Clarendon.

2. A missile weapon, particularly a ball or bullet; specifically, whatever is discharged as a projectile from firearms or cannon by the force of an explosive.

Shot used in war is of various kinds, classified according to the material of which it is composed, into lead, wrought-iron, and cast-iron; according to form, into spherical and oblong; according to structure and modes of operation, into solid, hollow, and case. See Bar shot, Chain shot, etc., under Bar, Chain, etc.

3. Small globular masses of lead, of various sizes, -- used chiefly for killing game; as, bird shot; buckshot.

4. The flight of a missile, or the distance which it is, or can be, thrown; as, the vessel was distant more than a cannon shot.

5. A marksman; one who practices shooting; as, an exellent shot.

Shot belt, a belt having a pouch or compartment for carrying shot. -- Shot cartridge, a cartridge containing powder and small shot, forming a charge for a shotgun. -- Shot garland (Naut.), a wooden frame to contain shot, secured to the coamings and ledges round the hatchways of a ship. -- Shot gauge, an instrument for measuring the diameter of round shot. Totten. -- shot hole, a hole made by a shot or bullet discharged. - - Shot locker (Naut.), a strongly framed compartment in the hold of a vessel, for containing shot. -- Shot of a cable (Naut.), the splicing of two or more cables together, or the whole length of the cables thus united. -- Shot prop (Naut.), a wooden prop covered with tarred hemp, to stop a hole made by the shot of an enemy in a ship's side. -- Shot tower, a lofty tower for making shot, by dropping from its summit melted lead in slender streams. The lead forms spherical drops which cool in the descent, and are received in water or other liquid. -- Shot window, a window projecting from the wall. Ritson, quoted by Halliwell, explains it as a window that opens and shuts; and Wodrow describes it as a window of shutters made of timber and a few inches of glass above them.

Shot, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shotted; p. pr. & vb. n. Shotting.] To load with shot, as a gun. Totten.

Shot"-clog` (?), n. A person tolerated only because he pays the shot, or reckoning, for the rest of the company, otherwise a mere clog on them. [Old Slang]

Thou common shot-clog, gull of all companies.

Chapman.

Shote (?), n. [AS. sceóta a darting fish, a trout, fr. sceótan. See Shoot, v. t.] 1. (Zoöl.) A fish resembling the trout. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Garew.

2. [Perh. a different word.] A young hog; a shoat.

Shot"-free` (?), a. Not to be injured by shot; shot-proof. [Obs.] Feltham.

Shot"-free`, a. Free from charge or expense; hence, unpunished; scot-free. [Obs.] Shak.

Shot"gun` (?), n. A light, smooth- bored gun, often double-barreled, especially designed for firing small shot at short range, and killing small game.

Shot"-proof` (?), a. Impenetrable by shot.

Shots (?), n. pl. The refuse of cattle taken from a drove. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Shot"ted (?), a. 1. Loaded with shot.

2. (Med.) Having a shot attached; as, a shotten suture.

Shot"ten (?), n. [Properly p. p. of shoot; AS. scoten, sceoten, p. p. of sceótan.] 1. Having ejected the spawn; as, a shotten herring. Shak.

2. Shot out of its socket; dislocated, as a bone.

Shough (?), n. (Zoöl.) A shockdog.

Shough (?), interj. See Shoo. Beau. & Fl.

Should (?), imp. of Shall. [OE. sholde, shulde, scholde, schulde, AS. scolde, sceolde. See Shall.] Used as an auxiliary verb, to express a conditional or contingent act or state, or as a supposition of an actual fact; also, to express moral obligation (see Shall); e. g.: they should have come last week; if I should go; I should think you could go. "You have done that you should be sorry for." Shak.

Syn. -- See Ought.

Shoul"der (?), n. [OE. shulder, shuldre, schutder, AS. sculdor; akin to D. schoulder, G. schulter, OHG. scultarra, Dan. skulder, Sw. skuldra.] 1. (Anat.) The joint, or the region of the joint, by which the fore limb is connected with the body or with the shoulder girdle; the projection formed by the bones and muscles about that joint.

2. The flesh and muscles connected with the shoulder joint; the upper part of the back; that part of the human frame on which it is most easy to carry a heavy burden; -- often used in the plural.

Then by main force pulled up, and on his shoulders bore The gates of Azza.

Milton.

Adown her shoulders fell her length of hair.

Dryden.

3. Fig.: That which supports or sustains; support.

In thy shoulder do I build my seat.

Shak.

4. That which resembles a human shoulder, as any protuberance or projection from the body of a thing.

The north western shoulder of the mountain.

Sir W. Scott.

5. The upper joint of the fore leg and adjacent parts of an animal, dressed for market; as, a shoulder of mutton.

6. (Fort.) The angle of a bastion included between the face and flank. See Illust. of Bastion.

7. An abrupt projection which forms an abutment on an object, or limits motion, etc., as the projection around a tenon at the end of a piece of timber, the part of the top of a type which projects beyond the base of the raised character, etc.

Shoulder belt, a belt that passes across the shoulder. -- Shoulder blade (Anat.), the flat bone of the shoulder, to which the humerus is articulated; the scapula. -- Shoulder block (Naut.), a block with a projection, or shoulder, near the upper end, so that it can rest against a spar without jamming the rope. -- Shoulder clapper, one who claps another on the shoulder, or who uses great familiarity. [Obs.] Shak. -- Shoulder girdle. (Anat.) See Pectoral girdle, under Pectoral. -- Shoulder knot, an ornamental knot of ribbon or lace worn on the shoulder; a kind of epaulet or braided ornament worn as part of a military uniform. -- Shoulder-of-mutton sail (Naut.), a triangular sail carried on a boat's mast; -- so called from its shape. -- Shoulder slip, dislocation of the shoulder, or of the humerous. Swift. -- Shoulder strap, a strap worn on or over the shoulder. Specifically (Mil. & Naval), a narrow strap worn on the shoulder of a commissioned officer, indicating, by a suitable device, the rank he holds in the service. See Illust. in App.

Shoul"der (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shouldered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Shouldering.] 1. To push or thrust with the shoulder; to push with violence; to jostle.

As they the earth would shoulder from her seat.

Spenser.

Around her numberless the rabble flowed, Shouldering each other, crowding for a view.

Rowe.

2. To take upon the shoulder or shoulders; as, to shoulder a basket; hence, to assume the burden or responsibility of; as, to shoulder blame; to shoulder a debt.

As if Hercules Or burly Atlas shouldered up their state.

Marston.

Right shoulder arms (Mil.), a position in the Manual of Arms which the piece is placed on the right shoulder, with the lock plate up, and the muzzle elevated and inclined to the left, and held as in the illustration.

Shoul"dered (?), a. Having shoulders; -- used in composition; as, a broad-shouldered man. "He was short-shouldered." Chaucer.

Shoul"der-shot`ten (?), a. Sprained in the shoulder, as a horse. Shak.

Shout (shout), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Shouted; p. pr. & vb. n. Shouting.] [OE. shouten, of unknown origin; perhaps akin to shoot; cf. Icel. skta, skti, a taunt.] To utter a sudden and loud outcry, as in joy, triumph, or exultation, or to attract attention, to animate soldiers, etc.

Shouting of the men and women eke.

Chaucer.

They shouted thrice: what was the last cry for?

Shak.

To shout at, to utter shouts at; to deride or revile with shouts.

Shout, v. t. 1. To utter with a shout; to cry; -- sometimes with out; as, to shout, or to shout out, a man's name.

2. To treat with shouts or clamor. Bp. Hall.

Shout, n. A loud burst of voice or voices; a vehement and sudden outcry, especially of a multitudes expressing joy, triumph, exultation, or animated courage.

The Rhodians, seeing the enemy turn their backs, gave a great shout in derision.

Knolles.

Shout"er (?), n. One who shouts.

Shove (shv), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shoved (shvd); p. pr. & vb. n. Shoving.] [OE. shoven, AS. scofian, fr. scfan; akin to OFries. skva, D. schuiven, G. schieben, OHG. scioban, Icel. skfa, skfa, Sw. skuffa, Dan. skuffe, Goth. afskiuban to put away, cast away; cf. Skr. kshubh to become agitated, to quake, Lith. skubrus quick, skubinti to hasten. &radic;160. Cf. Sheaf a bundle of stalks, Scoop, Scuffle.] 1. To drive along by the direct and continuous application of strength; to push; especially, to push (a body) so as to make it move along the surface of another body; as, to shove a boat on the water; to shove a table across the floor.

2. To push along, aside, or away, in a careless or rude manner; to jostle.

And shove away the worthy bidden guest.

Milton.

He used to shove and elbow his fellow servants.

Arbuthnot.

Shove, v. i. 1. To push or drive forward; to move onward by pushing or jostling.

2. To move off or along by an act pushing, as with an oar a pole used by one in a boat; sometimes with off.

He grasped the oar, eceived his guests on board, and shoved from shore.

Garth.

Shove (?), n. The act of shoving; a forcible push.

I rested . . . and then gave the boat another shove.

Swift.

Syn. -- See Thrust.

Shove, obs. p. p. of Shove. Chaucer.

{ Shove"board` (?), Shove"groat` (?) }, n. The same as Shovelboard.

Shov"el (?), n. [OE. shovele, schovele, AS. scoft, sceoft; akin to D. schoffel, G. schaufel, OHG. sc&?;vala, Dan. skovl, Sw. skofvel, skyffel, and to E. shove. &radic;160. See Shove, v. t.] An implement consisting of a broad scoop, or more or less hollow blade, with a handle, used for lifting and throwing earth, coal, grain, or other loose substances.

Shovel hat, a broad-brimmed hat, turned up at the sides, and projecting in front like a shovel, -- worn by some clergy of the English Church. [Colloq.] -- Shovelspur (Zoöl.), a flat, horny process on the tarsus of some toads, -- used in burrowing. -- Steam shovel, a machine with a scoop or scoops, operated by a steam engine, for excavating earth, as in making railway cuttings.

Shov"el, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shoveled (?) or Shovelled; p. pr. & vb. n. Shoveling or Shovelling.] 1. To take up and throw with a shovel; as, to shovel earth into a heap, or into a cart, or out of a pit.

2. To gather up as with a shovel.

Shov"el*ard (?), n. (Zoöl.) Shoveler. [Prov. Eng.]

Shov"el*bill` (?), n. (Zoöl.) The shoveler.

Shov"el*board` (?), n. 1. A board on which a game is played, by pushing or driving pieces of metal or money to reach certain marks; also, the game itself. Called also shuffleboard, shoveboard, shovegroat, shovelpenny.

2. A game played on board ship in which the aim is to shove or drive with a cue wooden disks into divisions chalked on the deck; -- called also shuffleboard.

Shov"el*er (?), n. [Also shoveller.] 1. One who, or that which, shovels.

2. (Zoöl.) A river duck (Spatula clypeata), native of Europe and America. It has a large bill, broadest towards the tip. The male is handsomely variegated with green, blue, brown, black, and white on the body; the head and neck are dark green. Called also broadbill, spoonbill, shovelbill, and maiden duck. The Australian shoveler, or shovel-nosed duck (S. rhynchotis), is a similar species.

Shov"el*ful (?), n.; pl. Shovelfuls (&?;). As much as a shovel will hold; enough to fill a shovel.

Shov"el*head` (?), n. (Zoöl.) A shark (Sphryna tiburio) allied to the hammerhead, and native of the warmer parts of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans; -- called also bonnet shark.

Shov"el*nose` (?), n. (Zoöl.) (a) The common sand shark. See under Snad. (b) A small California shark (Heptranchias maculatus), which is taken for its oil. (c) A Pacific Ocean shark (Hexanchus corinus). (d) A ganoid fish of the Sturgeon family (Scaphirhynchus platyrhynchus) of the Mississippi and Ohio rivers; -- called also white sturgeon.

Shov"el-nosed` (?), a. (Zoöl.) Having a broad, flat nose; as, the shovel- nosed duck, or shoveler.

Shov"en (?), obs. p. p. of Shove. Chaucer.

Show (?), v. t. [imp. Showed (?); p. p. Shown (?) or Showed; p. pr. & vb. n. Showing. It is sometimes written shew, shewed, shewn, shewing.] [OE. schowen, shewen, schewen, shawen, AS. sceáwian, to look, see, view; akin to OS. scaw&?;n, OFries. skawia, D. schouwen, OHG. scouw&?;n, G. schauen, Dan. skue, Sw. sk&?;da, Icel. sko&?;a, Goth. usskawjan to waken, skuggwa a mirror, Icel. skuggy shade, shadow, L. cavere to be on one's guard, Gr. &?;&?;&?; to mark, perceive, hear, Skr. kavi wise. Cf. Caution, Scavenger, Sheen.] 1. To exhibit or present to view; to place in sight; to display; -- the thing exhibited being the object, and often with an indirect object denoting the person or thing seeing or beholding; as, to show a house; show your colors; shopkeepers show customers goods (show goods to customers).

Go thy way, shew thyself to the priest.

Matt. viii. 4.

Nor want we skill or art from whence to raise Magnificence; and what can heaven show more?

Milton.

2. To exhibit to the mental view; to tell; to disclose; to reveal; to make known; as, to show one's designs.

Shew them the way wherein they must walk.

Ex. xviii. 20.

If it please my father to do thee evil, then I will shew it thee, and send thee away.

1 Sam. xx. 13.

3. Specifically, to make known the way to (a person); hence, to direct; to guide; to asher; to conduct; as, to show a person into a parlor; to show one to the door.

4. To make apparent or clear, as by evidence, testimony, or reasoning; to prove; to explain; also, to manifest; to evince; as, to show the truth of a statement; to show the causes of an event.

I 'll show my duty by my timely care.

Dryden.

5. To bestow; to confer; to afford; as, to show favor.

Shewing mercy unto thousands of them that love me.

Ex. xx. 6.

To show forth, to manifest; to publish; to proclaim. -- To show his paces, to exhibit the gait, speed, or the like; -- said especially of a horse. -- To show off, to exhibit ostentatiously. -- To show up, to expose. [Colloq.]

Show, v. i. [Written also shew.] 1. To exhibit or manifest one's self or itself; to appear; to look; to be in appearance; to seem.

Just such she shows before a rising storm.

Dryden.

All round a hedge upshoots, and shows At distance like a little wood.

Tennyson.

<! p. 1334 !>

2. To have a certain appearance, as well or ill, fit or unfit; to become or suit; to appear.

My lord of York, it better showed with you.

Shak.

To show off, to make a show; to display one's self.

Show (?), n. [Formerly written also shew.] 1. The act of showing, or bringing to view; exposure to sight; exhibition.

2. That which os shown, or brought to view; that which is arranged to be seen; a spectacle; an exhibition; as, a traveling show; a cattle show.

As for triumphs, masks, feasts, and such shows.

Bacon.

3. Proud or ostentatious display; parade; pomp.

I envy none their pageantry and show.

Young.

4. Semblance; likeness; appearance.

He through the midst unmarked, In show plebeian angel militant Of lowest order, passed.

Milton.

5. False semblance; deceitful appearance; pretense.

Beware of the scribes, . . . which devour widows' houses, and for a shew make long prayers.

Luke xx. 46. 47.

6. (Med.) A discharge, from the vagina, of mucus streaked with blood, occuring a short time before labor.

7. (Mining) A pale blue flame, at the top of a candle flame, indicating the presence of fire damp. Raymond.

Show bill, a broad sheet containing an advertisement in large letters. -- Show box, a box xontaining some object of curiosity carried round as a show. -- Show card, an advertising placard; also, a card for displaying samples. -- Show case, a gla&?;ed case, box, or cabinet for displaying and protecting shopkeepers' wares, articles on exhibition in museums, etc. -- Show glass, a glass which displays objects; a mirror. -- Show of hands, a raising of hands to indicate judgment; as, the vote was taken by a show of hands. -- Show stone, a piece of glass or crystal supposed to have the property of exhibiting images of persons or things not present, indicating in that way future events.

Show"bread` (?), n. (Jewish Antiq.) Bread of exhibition; loaves to set before God; -- the term used in translating the various phrases used in the Hebrew and Greek to designate the loaves of bread which the priest of the week placed before the Lord on the golden table in the sanctuary. They were made of fine flour unleavened, and were changed every Sabbath. The loaves, twelve in number, represented the twelve tribes of Israel. They were to be eaten by the priests only, and in the Holy Place. [Written also shewbread.] Mark ii. 26.

Show"er (?), n. 1. One who shows or exhibits.

2. That which shows; a mirror. [Obs.] Wyclif.

Show"er (?), n. [OE. shour, schour, AS. se&?;r; akin to D. schoer, G. schauer, OHG. sc&?;r, Icel. sk&?;r, Sw. skur, Goth. sk&?;ra windis a storm of wind; of uncertain origin.] 1. A fall or rain or hail of short duration; sometimes, but rarely, a like fall of snow.

In drought or else showers.

Chaucer.

Or wet the thirsty earth with falling showers.

Milton.

2. That which resembles a shower in falling or passing through the air copiously and rapidly.

With showers of stones he drives them far away.

Pope.

3. A copious supply bestowed. [R.]

He and myself Have travail'd in the great shower of your gifts.

Shak.

Shower bath, a bath in which water is showered from above, and sometimes from the sides also.

Show"er, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Showered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Showering.] 1. To water with a shower; to &?;&?;t copiously with rain.

Lest it again dissolve and shower the earth.

Milton.

2. To bestow liberally; to destribute or scatter in &?;undance; to rain. Shak.

C&?;sar's favor, That showers down greatness on his friends.

Addison.

Show"er, v. i. To rain in showers; to fall, as in a hower or showers. Shak.

Show"er*ful (?), a. Full of showers. Tennyson.

Show"er*i*ness (?), n. Quality of being showery.

Show"er*less, a. Rainless; freo from showers.

Show"er*y (?), a. 1. Raining in showers; abounding with frequent showers of rain.

2. Of or pertaining to a shower or showers. "Colors of the showery arch." Milton.

Show"i*ly (?), adv. In a showy manner; pompously; with parade.

Show"i*ness, n. The quality or state of being showy; pompousness; great parade; ostentation.

Show"ing, n. 1. Appearance; display; exhibition.

2. Presentation of facts; statement. J. S. Mill.

Show"ish, a. Showy; ostentatious. Swift.

Show"man (?), n.; pl. Showmen (#). One who exhibits a show; a proprietor of a show.

Shown (?), p. p. of Show.

Show"room` (?), n. A room or apartment where a show is exhibited.

2. A room where merchandise is exposed for sale, or where samples are displayed.

Show"y (?), a. [Compar. Showier (&?;); superl. Showiest.] Making a show; attracting attention; presenting a marked appearance; ostentatious; gay; gaudy.

A present of everything that was rich and showy.

Addison.

Syn. -- Splendid; gay; gaudy; gorgeous; fine; magnificent; grand; stately; sumptuous; pompous.

Shrag (?), n. [CF. Scrag.] A twig of a tree cut off. [Obs.]

Shrag, v. t. To trim, as trees; to lop. [Obs.]

Shrag"ger (?), n. One who lops; one who trims trees. [Obs.] Huloet.

Shram (?), v. t. [Cf. Shrink.] To cause to shrink or shrivel with cold; to benumb. [Prov. Eng.]

Shrank (?), imp. of Shrink.

{ Shrap (?), Shrape (?), } n. [Cf. Scrap, and Scrape.] A place baited with chaff to entice birds. [Written also scrap.] [Obs.] Bp. Bedell.

Shrap"nel (?), a. Applied as an appellation to a kind of shell invented by Gen. H. Shrapnel of the British army. -- n. A shrapnel shell; shrapnel shells, collectively.

Shrapnel shell (Gunnery), a projectile for a cannon, consisting of a shell filled with bullets and a small bursting charge to scatter them at any given point while in flight. See the Note under Case shot.

Shred (?), n. [OE. shrede, schrede, AS. screáde; akin to OD. schroode, G. schrot a piece cut off, Icel. skrjoðr a shred, and to E. shroud. Cf. Screed, Scroll, Scrutiny.] 1. A long, narrow piece cut or torn off; a strip. "Shreds of tanned leather." Bacon.

2. In general, a fragment; a piece; a particle. Shak.

Shred, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shred or Shredded (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n. Shredding.] [OE. shreden, schreden, AS. screádian; akin to OD. schrooden, OHG. scr&?;tan, G. schroten. See Shred, n.] 1. To cut or tear into small pieces, particularly narrow and long pieces, as of cloth or leather. Chaucer.

2. To lop; to prune; to trim. [Obs.]

Shred"cook` (?), n. (Zoöl.) The fieldfare; -- so called from its harsh cry before rain. [Prov. Eng.]

Shred"ding (?), n. 1. The act of cutting or tearing into shreds.

2. That which is cut or torn off; a piece. Hooker.

Shred"dy (?), a. Consisting of shreds.

Shred"less, a. Having no shreds; without a shred.

And those which waved are shredless dust ere now.

Byron.

Shrew (?), a. [OE. shrewe, schrewe. Cf. Shrewd.] Wicked; malicious. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Shrew, n. [See Shrew, a.] 1. Originally, a brawling, turbulent, vexatious person of either sex, but now restricted in use to females; a brawler; a scold.