Chapter 45

Shoe of an anchor. (Naut.) (a) A small block of wood, convex on the back, with a hole to receive the point of the anchor fluke, -- used to prevent the anchor from tearing the planks of the vessel when raised or lowered. (b) A broad, triangular piece of plank placed upon the fluke to give it a better hold in soft ground. -- Shoe block (Naut.), a block with two sheaves, one above the other, and at right angles to each other. -- Shoe bolt, a bolt with a flaring head, for fastening shoes on sleigh runners. -- Shoe pac, a kind of moccasin. See Pac. -- Shoe stone, a sharpening stone used by shoemakers and other workers in leather.

Shoe (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shod; p. pr. & vb. n. Shoeing.] [AS. sc&?;ian, sce&?;ian. See Shoe, n.] 1. To furnish with a shoe or shoes; to put a shoe or shoes on; as, to shoe a horse, a sled, an anchor.

2. To protect or ornament with something which serves the purpose of a shoe; to tip.

The sharp and small end of the billiard stick, which is shod with brass or silver.

Evelyn.

Shoe"bill` (?), n. (Zoöl.) A large African wading bird (Balæniceps rex) allied to the storks and herons, and remarkable for its enormous broad swollen bill. It inhabits the valley of the White Nile. See Illust. (l.) of Beak.

Shoe"black` (?), n. One who polishes shoes.

{ Shoe"horn`, Shoe"ing-horn` } (?), n. 1. A curved piece of polished horn, wood, or metal used to facilitate the entrance of the foot into a shoe.

2. Figuratively: (a) Anything by which a transaction is facilitated; a medium; -- by way of contempt. Spectator. (b) Anything which draws on or allures; an inducement. [Low] Beau. & Fl.

Shoe"less, a. Destitute of shoes. Addison.

Shoe"mak`er (?), n. 1. One whose occupation it is to make shoes and boots.

2. (Zoöl.) (a) The threadfish. (b) The runner, 12.

Shoe"mak`ing, n. The business of a shoemaker.

Sho"er (?), n. One who fits shoes to the feet; one who furnishes or puts on shoes; as, a shoer of horses.

Shog (?), n. [See Shock a striking.] A shock; a jog; a violent concussion or impulse. [R. or Scot.]

Shog, v. t. To shake; to shock. [R. or Scot.]

Shog, v. i. [Cf. W. ysgogi to wag, to stir. Cf. Jog.] To jog; to move on. [R. or Scot.] Beau. & Fl.

Shog"gle (?), v. t. [See Shog, Joggle.] To joggle. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Pegge.

Sho"gun (?), n. [Chin. tsiang kiÜn commander in chief.] A title originally conferred by the Mikado on the military governor of the eastern provinces of Japan. By gradual usurpation of power the Shoguns (known to foreigners as Tycoons) became finally the virtual rulers of Japan. The title was abolished in 1867. [Written variously, Shiogun, Shiogoon, etc.]

Sho*gun"ate (?), n. The office or dignity of a Shogun. [Written also Siogoonate.]

Sho"la (?), n. (Bot.) See Sola.

Shole (?), n. A plank fixed beneath an object, as beneath the rudder of a vessel, to protect it from injury; a plank on the ground under the end of a shore or the like.

Shole, n. See Shoal. [Obs.]

Shonde (?), n. [AS. sceond. Cf. Shend.] Harm; disgrace; shame. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Shone (?), imp. & p. p. of Shine.

Shoo (?), interj. [Cf. G. scheuchen to scare, drive away.] Begone; away; -- an expression used in frightening away animals, especially fowls.

Sho"oi, n. (Zoöl.) The Richardson's skua (Stercorarius parasiticus);- so called from its cry. [Prov. Eng.]

Shook (?), imp. & obs. or poet. p. p. of Shake.

Shook, n. [Cf. Shock a bundle of sheaves.] (Com.) (a) A set of staves and headings sufficient in number for one hogshead, cask, barrel, or the like, trimmed, and bound together in compact form. (b) A set of boards for a sugar box. (c) The parts of a piece of house furniture, as a bedstead, packed together.

Shook, v. t. To pack, as staves, in a shook.

Shoon (?), n., pl. of Shoe. [Archaic] Chaucer.

They shook the snow from hats and shoon.

Emerson.

Shoop (?), obs. imp. of Shape. Shaped. Chaucer.

Shoot (?), n. [F. chute. See Chute. Confused with shoot to let fly.] An inclined plane, either artificial or natural, down which timber, coal, etc., are caused to slide; also, a narrow passage, either natural or artificial, in a stream, where the water rushes rapidly; esp., a channel, having a swift current, connecting the ends of a bend in the stream, so as to shorten the course. [Written also chute, and shute.] [U. S.]

To take a shoot, to pass through a shoot instead of the main channel; to take the most direct course. [U.S.]

Shoot (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shot (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Shooting. The old participle Shotten is obsolete. See Shotten.] [OE. shotien, schotien, AS. scotian, v. i., sceótan; akin to D. schieten, G. schie&?;en, OHG. sciozan, Icel. skj&?;ta, Sw. skjuta, Dan. skyde; cf. Skr. skund to jump. √159. Cf. Scot a contribution, Scout to reject, Scud, Scuttle, v. i., Shot, Sheet, Shut, Shuttle, Skittish, Skittles.] 1. To let fly, or cause to be driven, with force, as an arrow or a bullet; -- followed by a word denoting the missile, as an object.

If you please To shoot an arrow that self way.

Shak.

2. To discharge, causing a missile to be driven forth; -- followed by a word denoting the weapon or instrument, as an object; -- often with off; as, to shoot a gun.

The two ends od a bow, shot off, fly from one another.

Boyle.

3. To strike with anything shot; to hit with a missile; often, to kill or wound with a firearm; -- followed by a word denoting the person or thing hit, as an object.

When Roger shot the hawk hovering over his master's dove house.

A. Tucker.

4. To send out or forth, especially with a rapid or sudden motion; to cast with the hand; to hurl; to discharge; to emit.

An honest weaver as ever shot shuttle.

Beau. & Fl.

A pit into which the dead carts had nightly shot corpses by scores.

Macaulay.

5. To push or thrust forward; to project; to protrude; -- often with out; as, a plant shoots out a bud.

They shoot out the lip, they shake the head.

Ps. xxii. 7.

Beware the secret snake that shoots a sting.

Dryden.

6. (Carp.) To plane straight; to fit by planing.

Two pieces of wood that are shot, that is, planed or else pared with a paring chisel.

Moxon.

7. To pass rapidly through, over, or under; as, to shoot a rapid or a bridge; to shoot a sand bar.

She . . . shoots the Stygian sound.

Dryden.

8. To variegate as if by sprinkling or intermingling; to color in spots or patches.

The tangled water courses slept, Shot over with purple, and green, and yellow.

Tennyson.

To be shot of, to be discharged, cleared, or rid of. [Colloq.] "Are you not glad to be shot of him?" Sir W. Scott.

Shoot, v. i. 1. To cause an engine or weapon to discharge a missile; -- said of a person or an agent; as, they shot at a target; he shoots better than he rides.

The archers have . . . shot at him.

Gen. xlix. 23.

2. To discharge a missile; -- said of an engine or instrument; as, the gun shoots well.

3. To be shot or propelled forcibly; -- said of a missile; to be emitted or driven; to move or extend swiftly, as if propelled; as, a shooting star.

There shot a streaming lamp along the sky.

Dryden.

4. To penetrate, as a missile; to dart with a piercing sensation; as, shooting pains.

Thy words shoot through my heart.

Addison.

5. To feel a quick, darting pain; to throb in pain.

These preachers make His head to shoot and ache.

Herbert.

6. To germinate; to bud; to sprout.

Onions, as they hang, will shoot forth.

Bacon.

But the wild olive shoots, and shades the ungrateful plain.

Dryden.

7. To grow; to advance; as, to shoot up rapidly.

Well shot in years he seemed.

Spenser.

Delightful task! to rear the tender thought, To teach the young idea how to shoot.

Thomson.

8. To change form suddenly; especially, to solidify.

If the menstruum be overcharged, metals will shoot into crystals.

Bacon.

9. To protrude; to jut; to project; to extend; as, the land shoots into a promontory.

There shot up against the dark sky, tall, gaunt, straggling houses.

Dickens.

10. (Naut.) To move ahead by force of momentum, as a sailing vessel when the helm is put hard alee.

To shoot ahead, to pass or move quickly forward; to outstrip others.

Shoot, n. 1. The act of shooting; the discharge of a missile; a shot; as, the shoot of a shuttle.

The Turkish bow giveth a very forcible shoot.

Bacon.

One underneath his horse to get a shoot doth stalk.

Drayton.

2. A young branch or growth.

Superfluous branches and shoots of this second spring.

Evelyn.

3. A rush of water; a rapid.

4. (Min.) A vein of ore running in the same general direction as the lode. Knight.

5. (Weaving) A weft thread shot through the shed by the shuttle; a pick.

6. [Perh. a different word.] A shoat; a young hog.

Shoot"er (?), n. 1. One who shoots, as an archer or a gunner.

2. That which shoots. Specifically: (a) A firearm; as, a five-shooter. [Colloq. U.S.] (b) A shooting star. [R.]

Shoot"ing, n. 1. The act of one who, or that which, shoots; as, the shooting of an archery club; the shooting of rays of light.

2. A wounding or killing with a firearm; specifically (Sporting), the killing of game; as, a week of shooting.

3. A sensation of darting pain; as, a shooting in one's head.

Shoot"ing, a. Of or pertaining to shooting; for shooting; darting.

Shooting board (Joinery), a fixture used in planing or shooting the edge of a board, by means of which the plane is guided and the board held true. -- Shooting box, a small house in the country for use in the shooting season. Prof. Wilson. -- Shooting gallery, a range, usually covered, with targets for practice with firearms. -- Shooting iron, a firearm. [Slang, U.S.] -- Shooting star. (a) (Astron.) A starlike, luminous meteor, that, appearing suddenly, darts quickly across some portion of the sky, and then as suddenly disappears, leaving sometimes, for a few seconds, a luminous train, -- called also falling star. Shooting stars are small cosmical bodies which encounter the earth in its annual revolution, and which become visible by coming with planetary velocity into the upper regions of the atmosphere. At certain periods, as on the 13th of November and 10th of August, they appear for a few hours in great numbers, apparently diverging from some point in the heavens, such displays being known as meteoric showers, or star showers. These bodies, before encountering the earth, were moving in orbits closely allied to the orbits of comets. See Leonids, Perseids. (b) (Bot.) The American cowslip (Dodecatheon Meadia). See under Cowslip. -- Shooting stick (Print.), a tapering piece of wood or iron, used by printers to drive up the quoins in the chase. Hansard.

<! p. 1332 !>

Shoot"y (?), a. Sprouting or coming up freely and regularly. [Prev. Eng.] Grose.

Shop (?), obs. imp. of Shape. Shaped. Chaucer.

Shop, n. [OE. shoppe, schoppe, AS. sceoppa a treasury, a storehouse, stall, booth; akin to scypen a shed, LG. schup a shed, G. schoppen, schuppen, a shed, a coachhouse, OHG. scopf.] 1. A building or an apartment in which goods, wares, drugs, etc., are sold by retail.

From shop to shop Wandering, and littering with unfolded silks The polished counter.

Cowper.

2. A building in which mechanics or artisans work; as, a shoe shop; a car shop.

A tailor called me in his shop.

Shak.

Shop is often used adjectively or in composition; as, shop rent, or shop-rent; shop thief, or shop-thief; shop window, or shop-window, etc.

To smell of the shop, to indicate too distinctively one's occupation or profession. -- To talk shop, to make one's business the topic of social conversation; also, to use the phrases peculiar to one's employment. [Colloq.]

Syn. -- Store; warehouse. See Store.

Shop, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Shopped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Shopping.] To visit shops for the purpose of purchasing goods.

He was engaged with his mother and some ladies to go shopping.

Byron.

Shop"board` (?), n. A bench or board on which work is performed; a workbench. South.

Shop"book` (?), n. A book in which a tradesman keeps his accounts. Locke.

Shop"boy` (?), n. A boy employed in a shop.

Sho"pen (?), obs. p. p. of Shape. Chaucer.

Shop"girl` (?), n. A girl employed in a shop.

Shop"keep`er (?), n. A trader who sells goods in a shop, or by retail; -- in distinction from one who sells by wholesale. Addison.

Shop"lift`er (?), n. [Shop + lift. See Lift to steal.] One who steals anything in a shop, or takes goods privately from a shop; one who, under pretense of buying goods, takes occasion to steal.

Shop"lift`ing, n. Larceny committed in a shop; the stealing of anything from a shop.

Shop"like`, a. Suiting a shop; vulgar. B. Jonson.

Shop"maid` (?), n. A shopgirl.

Shop"man (?), n.; pl. Shopmen (&?;). 1. A shopkeeper; a retailer. Dryden.

2. One who serves in a shop; a salesman.

3. One who works in a shop or a factory.

Shop"per (?), n. One who shops.

Shop"pish (?), a. Having the appearance or qualities of a shopkeeper, or shopman.

Shop"py (?), a. 1. Abounding with shops. [Colloq.]

2. Of or pertaining to shops, or one's own shop or business; as, shoppy talk. [Colloq.] Mrs. Gaskell.

Shop"shift` (?), n. The trick of a shopkeeper; deception. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Shop"walk`er (?), n. One who walks about in a shop as an overseer and director. Cf. Floorwalker.

Shop"wom`an (?), n.; pl. Shopwomen (&?;). A woman employed in a shop.

Shop"worn` (?), a. Somewhat worn or damaged by having been kept for a time in a shop.

Shor"age (?), n. Duty paid for goods brought on shore. Grabb.

Shore (?), imp. of Shear. Chaucer.

Shore, n. A sewer. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

Shore, n. [OE. schore; akin to LG. schore, D. schoor, OD. schoore, Icel. skor&?;a, and perhaps to E. shear, as being a piece cut off.] A prop, as a timber, placed as a brace or support against the side of a building or other structure; a prop placed beneath anything, as a beam, to prevent it from sinking or sagging. [Written also shoar.]

Shore, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shored (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Shoring.] [OE. schoren. See Shore a prop.] To support by a shore or shores; to prop; -- usually with up; as, to shore up a building.

Shore, n. [OE. schore, AS. score, probably fr. scieran, and so meaning properly, that which is shorn off, edge; akin to OD. schoore, schoor. See Shear, v. t.] The coast or land adjacent to a large body of water, as an ocean, lake, or large river.

Michael Cassio, Lieutenant to the warlike Moor Othello, Is come shore.

Shak.

The fruitful shore of muddy Nile.

Spenser.

In shore, near the shore. Marryat. -- On shore. See under On. -- Shore birds (Zoöl.), a collective name for the various limicoline birds found on the seashore. -- Shore crab (Zoöl.), any crab found on the beaches, or between tides, especially any one of various species of grapsoid crabs, as Heterograpsus nudus of California. -- Shore lark (Zoöl.), a small American lark (Otocoris alpestris) found in winter, both on the seacoast and on the Western plains. Its upper parts are varied with dark brown and light brown. It has a yellow throat, yellow local streaks, a black crescent on its breast, a black streak below each eye, and two small black erectile ear tufts. Called also horned lark. -- Shore plover (Zoöl.), a large-billed Australian plover (Esacus magnirostris). It lives on the seashore, and feeds on crustaceans, etc. -- Shore teetan (Zoöl.), the rock pipit (Anthus obscurus). [Prov. Eng.]

Shore (?), v. t. To set on shore. [Obs.] Shak.

Shore"less, a. Having no shore or coast; of indefinite or unlimited extent; as, a shoreless ocean. Young.

Shore"ling (?), n. See Shorling.

Shor"er (?), n. One who, or that which, shores or props; a prop; a shore.

Shore"ward (?), adv. Toward the shore.

Shor"ing, n. 1. The act of supporting or strengthening with a prop or shore.

2. A system of props; props, collectively.

Shorl (?), n., Shor*la"ceous (&?;), a. (Min.) See Schorl, Schorlaceous.

Shor"ling (?), n. 1. The skin of a sheen after the fleece is shorn off, as distinct from the morling, or skin taken from the dead sheep; also, a sheep of the first year's shearing. [Prov. Eng.]

2. A person who is shorn; a shaveling; hence, in contempt, a priest. [Obs.] Halliwell.

Shorn (&?;), p. p. of Shear.

Short (?), a. [Compar. Shorter (?); superl. Shortest.] [OE. short, schort, AS. scort, sceort; akin to OHG. scurz, Icel. skorta to be short of, to lack, and perhaps to E. shear, v. t. Cf. Shirt.] 1. Not long; having brief length or linear extension; as, a short distance; a short piece of timber; a short flight.

The bed is shorter than that a man can stretch himself on it.

Isa. xxviii. 20.

2. Not extended in time; having very limited duration; not protracted; as, short breath.

The life so short, the craft so long to learn.

Chaucer.

To short absense I could yield.

Milton.

3. Limited in quantity; inadequate; insufficient; scanty; as, a short supply of provisions, or of water.

4. Insufficiently provided; inadequately supplied; scantily furnished; lacking; not coming up to a resonable, or the ordinary, standard; -- usually with of; as, to be short of money.

We shall be short in our provision.

Shak.

5. Deficient; defective; imperfect; not coming up, as to a measure or standard; as, an account which is short of the trith.

6. Not distant in time; near at hand.

Marinell was sore offended That his departure thence should be so short.

Spenser.

He commanded those who were appointed to attend him to be ready by a short day.

Clarendon.

7. Limited in intellectual power or grasp; not comprehensive; narrow; not tenacious, as memory.

Their own short understandings reach No farther than the present.

Rowe.

8. Less important, efficaceous, or powerful; not equal or equivalent; less (than); -- with of.

Hardly anything short of an invasion could rouse them again to war.

Landor.

9. Abrupt; brief; pointed; petulant; as, he gave a short answer to the question.

10. (Cookery) Breaking or crumbling readily in the mouth; crisp; as, short pastry.

11. (Metal) Brittle.

Metals that are brittle when hot are called &?;ot- short; as, cast iron may be hot-short, owing to the presence of sulphur. Those that are brittle when cold are called cold-short; as, cast iron may be cold-short, on account of the presence of phosphorus.

12. (Stock Exchange) Engaging or engaged to deliver what is not possessed; as, short contracts; to be short of stock. See The shorts, under Short, n., and To sell short, under Short, adv.

In mercantile transactions, a note or bill is sometimes made payable at short sight, that is, in a little time after being presented to the payer.

13. (Phon.) Not prolonged, or relatively less prolonged, in utterance; -- opposed to long, and applied to vowels or to syllables. In English, the long and short of the same letter are not, in most cases, the long and short of the same sound; thus, the i in ill is the short sound, not of i in isle, but of ee in eel, and the e in pet is the short sound of a in pate, etc. See Quantity, and Guide to Pronunciation, §§22, 30.

Short is much used with participles to form numerous self-explaining compounds; as, short-armed, short- billed, short-fingered, short-haired, short- necked, short-sleeved, short-tailed, short- winged, short-wooled, etc.

At short notice, in a brief time; promptly. -- Short rib (Anat.), one of the false ribs. -- Short suit (Whist), any suit having only three cards, or less than three. R. A. Proctor. -- To come short, To cut short, To fall short, etc. See under Come, Cut, etc.

Short, n. 1. A summary account.

The short and the long is, our play is preferred.

Shak.

2. pl. The part of milled grain sifted out which is next finer than the bran.

The first remove above bran is shorts.

Halliwell.

3. pl. Short, inferior hemp.

4. pl. Breeches; shortclothes. [Slang] Dickens.

5. (Phonetics) A short sound, syllable, or vowel.

If we compare the nearest conventional shorts and longs in English, as in "bit" and "beat," "not" and "naught," we find that the short vowels are generally wide, the long narrow, besides being generally diphthongic as well. Hence, originally short vowels can be lengthened and yet kept quite distinct from the original longs.

H. Sweet.

In short, in few words; in brief; briefly. -- The long and the short, the whole; a brief summing up. -- The shorts (Stock Exchange), those who are unsupplied with stocks which they contracted to deliver.

Short (?), adv. In a short manner; briefly; limitedly; abruptly; quickly; as, to stop short in one's course; to turn short.

He was taken up very short, and adjudged corrigible for such presumptuous language.

Howell.

To sell short (Stock Exchange), to sell, for future delivery, what the party selling does not own, but hopes to buy at a lower rate.

Short, v. t. [AS. sceortian.] To shorten. [Obs.]

Short, v. i. To fail; to decrease. [Obs.]

Short"age (?), n. Amount or extent of deficiency, as determined by some requirement or standard; as, a shortage in money accounts.

Short"-breathed` (?), a. 1. Having short-breath, or quick respiration.

2. Having short life.

Short"cake` (?), n. An unsweetened breakfast cake shortened with butter or lard, rolled thin, and baked.

Short" cir"cuit (?). (Elec.) A circuit formed or closed by a conductor of relatively low resistance because shorter or of relatively great conductivity.

Short"-cir`cuit, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Short-circuited; p. pr. & vb. n. Short-circuiting.] (Elec.) To join, as the electrodes of a battery or dynamo or any two points of a circuit, by a conductor of low resistance.

Short"clothes` (?), n. Coverings for the legs of men or boys, consisting of trousers which reach only to the knees, -- worn with long stockings.

Short"com`ing (?), n. The act of falling, or coming short; as: (a) The failure of a crop, or the like. (b) Neglect of, or failure in, performance of duty.

Short"-dat`ed (?), a. Having little time to run from the date. "Thy short-dated life." Sandys.

Short"en (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shortened &?;; p. pr. & vb. n. Shortening.] [See Short, a.] 1. To make short or shorter in measure, extent, or time; as, to shorten distance; to shorten a road; to shorten days of calamity.

2. To reduce or diminish in amount, quantity, or extent; to lessen; to abridge; to curtail; to contract; as, to shorten work, an allowance of food, etc.

Here, where the subject is so fruitful, I am shortened by my chain.

Dryden.

3. To make deficient (as to); to deprive; -- with of.

Spoiled of his nose, and shortened of his ears.

Dryden.

4. To make short or friable, as pastry, with butter, lard, pot liquor, or the like.

To shorten a rope (Naut.), to take in the slack of it. -- To shorten sail (Naut.), to reduce sail by taking it in.

Short"en, v. i. To become short or shorter; as, the day shortens in northern latitudes from June to December; a metallic rod shortens by cold.

Short"en*er (?), n. One who, or that which, shortens.

Short"en*ing, n. 1. The act of making or becoming short or shorter.

2. (Cookery) That which renders pastry short or friable, as butter, lard, etc.

Short"hand` (?), n. A compendious and rapid method or writing by substituting characters, abbreviations, or symbols, for letters, words, etc.; short writing; stenography. See Illust. under Phonography.

Short`-hand"ed, a. Short of, or lacking the regular number of, servants or helpers.

Short"head` (?), n. A sucking whale less than one year old; -- so called by sailors.

Short"horn` (?), a. One of a breed of large, heavy domestic cattle having short horns. The breed was developed in England.

Short"-joint`ed (?), a. Having short intervals between the joints; -- said of a plant or an animal, especially of a horse whose pastern is too short.

Short"-lived` (?), a. Not living or lasting long; being of short continuance; as, a short-lived race of beings; short-lived pleasure; short-lived passion.

Short"ly, adv. [AS. sceortlice.] 1. In a short or brief time or manner; soon; quickly. Chaucer.

I shall grow jealous of you shortly.

Shak.