Chapter 44

Armed ship, a private ship taken into the service of the government in time of war, and armed and equipped like a ship of war. [Eng.] Brande & C. -- General ship. See under General. -- Ship biscuit, hard biscuit prepared for use on shipboard; -- called also ship bread. See Hardtack. -- Ship boy, a boy who serves in a ship. "Seal up the ship boy's eyes." Shak. -- Ship breaker, one who breaks up vessels when unfit for further use. -- Ship broker, a mercantile agent employed in buying and selling ships, procuring cargoes, etc., and generally in transacting the business of a ship or ships when in port. -- Ship canal, a canal suitable for the passage of seagoing vessels. -- Ship carpenter, a carpenter who works at shipbuilding; a shipwright. -- Ship chandler, one who deals in cordage, canvas, and other, furniture of vessels. -- Ship chandlery, the commodities in which a ship chandler deals; also, the business of a ship chandler. -- Ship fever (Med.), a form of typhus fever; -- called also putrid, jail, or hospital fever. -- Ship joiner, a joiner who works upon ships. -- Ship letter, a letter conveyed by a ship not a mail packet. -- Ship money (Eng. Hist.), an imposition formerly charged on the ports, towns, cities, boroughs, and counties, of England, for providing and furnishing certain ships for the king's service. The attempt made by Charles I. to revive and enforce this tax was resisted by John Hampden, and was one of the causes which led to the death of Charles. It was finally abolished. -- Ship of the line. See under Line. -- Ship pendulum, a pendulum hung amidships to show the extent of the rolling and pitching of a vessel. -- Ship railway. (a) An inclined railway with a cradelike car, by means of which a ship may be drawn out of water, as for repairs. (b) A railway arranged for the transportation of vessels overland between two water courses or harbors. -- Ship's company, the crew of a ship or other vessel. -- Ship's days, the days allowed a vessel for loading or unloading. -- Ship's husband. See under Husband. -- Ship's papers (Mar. Law), papers with which a vessel is required by law to be provided, and the production of which may be required on certain occasions. Among these papers are the register, passport or sea letter, charter party, bills of lading, invoice, log book, muster roll, bill of health, etc. Bouvier. Kent. -- To make ship, to embark in a ship or other vessel.

Ship (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shipped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Shipping.] 1. To put on board of a ship, or vessel of any kind, for transportation; to send by water.

The timber was . . . shipped in the bay of Attalia, from whence it was by sea transported to Pelusium.

Knolles.

2. By extension, in commercial usage, to commit to any conveyance for transportation to a distance; as, to ship freight by railroad.

3. Hence, to send away; to get rid of. [Colloq.]

4. To engage or secure for service on board of a ship; as, to ship seamen.

5. To receive on board ship; as, to ship a sea.

6. To put in its place; as, to ship the tiller or rudder.

Ship, v. i. 1. To engage to serve on board of a vessel; as, to ship on a man-of- war.

2. To embark on a ship. Wyclif (Acts xxviii. 11)

Ship"board` (?), n. [Ship + board. See Board, n., 8] A ship's side; hence, by extension, a ship; -- found chiefly in adverbial phrases; as, on shipboard; a shipboard.

Ship"build`er (?), n. A person whose occupation is to construct ships and other vessels; a naval architect; a shipwright.

Ship"build`ing, n. Naval architecturel the art of constructing ships and other vessels.

Ship"ful (?), n.; pl. Shipfuls (&?;). As much or as many as a ship will hold; enough to fill a ship.

Ship"hold`er (?), n. A shipowner.

Ship"less, a. Destitute of ships. Gray.

Ship"let (?), n. A little ship. [R.] Holinshed.

Ship"load` (?), n. The load, or cargo, of a ship.

Ship"man (?), n.; pl. Shipmen (&?;). A seaman, or sailor. [Obs. or Poetic] Chaucer. R. Browning.

About midnight the shipmen deemed that they drew near to some country.

Acts xxvii. 27.

Shipman's card, the mariner's compass. [Obs.] Shak.

Ship"mas`ter (?), n. The captain, master, or commander of a ship. Jonah i. 6.

Ship"mate` (?), n. One who serves on board of the same ship with another; a fellow sailor.

Ship"ment (?), n. 1. The act or process of shipping; as, he was engaged in the shipment of coal for London; an active shipment of wheat from the West.

2. That which is shipped.

The question is, whether the share of M. in the shipment is exempted from condemnation by reason of his neutral domicle.

Story.

Ship"own`er (?), n. Owner of a ship or ships.

Ship"pen (?), n. [AS. scypen. Cf. Shop, Shepen.] A stable; a cowhouse. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

Ship"per (?), n. [See Ship, n., and cf. Skipper.] One who sends goods from one place to another not in the same city or town, esp. one who sends goods by water.

Ship"ping (?), a. 1. Relating to ships, their ownership, transfer, or employment; as, shiping concerns.

2. Relating to, or concerned in, the forwarding of goods; as, a shipping clerk.

Ship"ping, n. 1. The act of one who, or of that which, ships; as, the shipping of flour to Liverpool.

2. The collective body of ships in one place, or belonging to one port, country, etc.; vessels, generally; tonnage.

3. Navigation. "God send 'em good shipping." Shak.

Shipping articles, articles of agreement between the captain of a vessel and the seamen on board, in respect to the amount of wages, length of time for which they are shipping, etc. Bouvier. -- To take shipping, to embark; to take ship. [Obs.] John vi. 24. Shak.

Ship"pon (?), n. A cowhouse; a shippen. [Prov. Eng.]

Bessy would either do fieldwork, or attend to the cows, the shippon, or churn, or make cheese.

Dickens.

Ship"-rigged` (?), a. (Naut.) Rigged like a ship, that is, having three masts, each with square sails.

Ship"shape` (?), a. Arranged in a manner befitting a ship; hence, trim; tidy; orderly.

Even then she expressed her scorn for the lubbery executioner's mode of tying a knot, and did it herself in a shipshape orthodox manner.

De Quincey.

Keep everything shipshape, for I must go

Tennyson.

Ship"shape` (?), adv. In a shipshape or seamanlike manner.

Ship"worm` (?), n. (Zoöl.) Any long, slender, worm-shaped bivalve mollusk of Teredo and allied genera. The shipworms burrow in wood, and are destructive to wooden ships, piles of wharves, etc. See Teredo.

Ship"wreck` (?), n. 1. The breaking in pieces, or shattering, of a ship or other vessel by being cast ashore or driven against rocks, shoals, etc., by the violence of the winds and waves.

2. A ship wrecked or destroyed upon the water, or the parts of such a ship; wreckage. Dryden.

3. Fig.: Destruction; ruin; irretrievable loss.

Holding faith and a good conscience, which some having put away concerning faith have made shipwreck.

1 Tim. 1. 19.

It was upon an Indian bill that the late ministry had made shipwreck.

J. Morley.

Ship"wreck`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shipwrecked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Shipwrecking.] 1. To destroy, as a ship at sea, by running ashore or on rocks or sandbanks, or by the force of wind and waves in a tempest.

Shipwrecking storms and direful thunders break.

Shak.

2. To cause to experience shipwreck, as sailors or passengers. Hence, to cause to suffer some disaster or loss; to destroy or ruin, as if by shipwreck; to wreck; as, to shipwreck a business. Addison.

Ship"wright` (?), n. One whose occupation is to construct ships; a builder of ships or other vessels.

Ship"yard` (?), n. A yard, place, or inclosure where ships are built or repaired.

Shi*raz" (?), n. A kind of Persian wine; -- so called from the place whence it is brought.

Shire (?), n. [AS. scre, scr, a division, province, county. Cf. Sheriff.] 1. A portion of Great Britain originally under the supervision of an earl; a territorial division, usually identical with a county, but sometimes limited to a smaller district; as, Wiltshire, Yorkshire, Richmondshire, Hallamshire.

An indefinite number of these hundreds make up a county or shire.

Blackstone.

2. A division of a State, embracing several contiguous townships; a county. [U. S.]

Shire is commonly added to the specific designation of a county as a part of its name; as, Yorkshire instead of York shire, or the shire of York; Berkshire instead of Berks shire. Such expressions as the county of Yorkshire, which in a strict sense are tautological, are used in England. In the United States the composite word is sometimes the only name of a county; as, Berkshire county, as it is called in Massachusetts, instead of Berks county, as in Pensylvania.

The Tyne, Tees, Humber, Wash, Yare, Stour, and Thames separate the counties of Northumberland, Durham, Yorkshire, Lincolnshire, etc.

Encyc. Brit.

Knight of the shire. See under Knight. -- Shire clerk, an officer of a county court; also, an under sheriff. [Eng.] -- Shire mote (Old. Eng. Law), the county court; sheriff's turn, or court. [Obs.] Cowell. Blackstone. -- Shire reeve (Old Eng. Law), the reeve, or bailiff, of a shire; a sheriff. Burrill. -- Shire town, the capital town of a county; a county town. -- Shire wick, a county; a shire. [Obs.] Holland.

Shirk (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shirked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Shirking.] [Probably the same word as shark. See Shark, v. t.] 1. To procure by petty fraud and trickery; to obtain by mean solicitation.

You that never heard the call of any vocation, . . . that shirk living from others, but time from Yourselves.

Bp. Rainbow.

2. To avoid; to escape; to neglect; -- implying unfaithfulness or fraud; as, to shirk duty.

The usual makeshift by which they try to shirk difficulties.

Hare.

Shirk, v. i. 1. To live by shifts and fraud; to shark.

2. To evade an obligation; to avoid the performance of duty, as by running away.

One of the cities shirked from the league.

Byron.

Shirk, n. One who lives by shifts and tricks; one who avoids the performance of duty or labor.

Shirk"er (?), n. One who shirks. Macaulay.

Shirk"y (?), a. Disposed to shirk. [Colloq.]

Shirl (?), a. Shrill. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Shirl, n. (Min.) See Schorl.

Shir"ley (?), n. (Zoöl.) The bullfinch.

Shirr (?), n. (Sewing) A series of close parallel runnings which are drawn up so as to make the material between them set full by gatherings; -- called also shirring, and gauging.

Shirred (?), a. 1. (Sewing) Made or gathered into a shirr; as, a shirred bonnet.

2. (Cookery) Broken into an earthen dish and baked over the fire; -- said of eggs.

Shirt (?), n. [OE. schirte, sherte, schurte; akin to Icel. skyrta, Dan. skiorte, Sw. skjorta, Dan. skiört a petticoat, D. schort a petticoat, an argon, G. schurz, schürze, an argon; all probably from the root of E. short, as being originally a short garment. See Short, and cf. Skirt.] A loose under-garment for the upper part of the body, made of cotton, linen, or other material; -- formerly used of the under-garment of either sex, now commonly restricted to that worn by men and boys.

Several persons in December had nothing over their shoulders but their shirts.

Addison.

She had her shirts and girdles of hair.

Bp. Fisher.

Shirt, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Shirted; p. pr. & vb. n. Shirting.] To cover or clothe with a shirt, or as with a shirt. Dryden.

Shirt"ing, n. Cloth, specifically cotton cloth, suitable for making shirts.

Shirt"less, a. Not having or wearing a shirt. Pope.

-- Shirt"less*ness, n.

{ Shist (?), Shis*tose" (?) }. See Shist, Schistose.

{ Shit"tah (?), Shit"tah tree` }, n. [Heb. shitth, pl. shittm.] A tree that furnished the precious wood of which the ark, tables, altars, boards, etc., of the Jewish tabernacle were made; -- now believed to have been the wood of the Acacia Seyal, which is hard, fine grained, and yellowish brown in color.

{ Shit"tim (?), Shit"tim wood` }, n. The wood of the shittah tree.

Shit"tle (?), n. [See Shuttle.] A shuttle. [Obs.] Chapman.

Shit"tle, a. Wavering; unsettled; inconstant. [Obs.] Holland.

Shit"tle*cock` (?), n. A shuttlecock. [Obs.]

Shit"tle*ness, n. Instability; inconstancy. [Obs.]

The vain shittlenesse of an unconstant head.

Baret.

Shive (?), n. [See Sheave, n.] 1. A slice; as, a shive of bread. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Shak.

2. A thin piece or fragment; specifically, one of the scales or pieces of the woody part of flax removed by the operation of breaking.

3. A thin, flat cork used for stopping a wide- mouthed bottle; also, a thin wooden bung for casks.

Shiv"er (?), n. [OE. schivere, fr. shive; cf. G. schifer a splinter, slate, OHG. scivere a splinter, Dan. & Sw. skifer a slate. See Shive, and cf. Skever.] 1. One of the small pieces, or splinters, into which a brittle thing is broken by sudden violence; -- generally used in the plural. "All to shivers dashed." Milton.

2. A thin slice; a shive. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] "A shiver of their own loaf." Fuller.

Of your soft bread, not but a shiver.

Chaucer.

3. (Geol.) A variety of blue slate.

4. (Naut.) A sheave or small wheel in a pulley.

5. A small wedge, as for fastening the bolt of a window shutter.

6. A spindle. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

Shiv"er, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shivered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Shivering.] [OE. schiveren, scheveren; cf. OD. scheveren. See Shiver a fragment.] To break into many small pieces, or splinters; to shatter; to dash to pieces by a blow; as, to shiver a glass goblet.

All the ground With shivered armor strown.

Milton.

Shiv"er, v. i. To separate suddenly into many small pieces or parts; to be shattered.

There shiver shafts upon shields thick.

Chaucer

The natural world, should gravity once cease, . . . would instantly shiver into millions of atoms.

Woodward.

Shiv"er, v. i. [OE. chiveren, cheveren; of uncertain origin. This word seems to have been confused with shiver to shatter.] To tremble; to vibrate; to quiver; to shake, as from cold or fear.

Prometheus is laid On icy Caucasus to shiver.

Swift.

The man that shivered on the brink of sin, Thus steeled and hardened, ventures boldly in.

Creech.

Shiv"er, v. t. (Naut.) To cause to shake or tremble, as a sail, by steering close to the wind.

Shiv"er, n. The act of shivering or trembling.

Shiv"er*ing*ly, adv. In a shivering manner.

Shiv"er-spar` (?), n. [Cf. G. schiefer-spath.] (Min.) A variety of calcite, so called from its slaty structure; -- called also slate spar.

Shiv"er*y (?), a. 1. Tremulous; shivering. Mallet.

2. Easily broken; brittle; shattery.

Shoad (?), n. [Cf. G. schutt rubbish.] (Mining) A train of vein material mixed with rubbish; fragments of ore which have become separated by the action of water or the weather, and serve to direct in the discovery of mines. [Written also shode.]

Shoad"ing, n. (Mining) The tracing of veins of metal by shoads. [Written also shoding.] Pryce.

Shoal (?), n. [AS. scolu, sceolu, a company, multitude, crowd, akin to OS. skola; probably originally, a division, and akin to Icel. skilja to part, divide. See Skill, and cf. School. of fishes.] A great multitude assembled; a crowd; a throng; -- said especially of fish; as, a shoal of bass. "Great shoals of people." Bacon.

Beneath, a shoal of silver fishes glides.

Waller.

Shoal, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Shoaled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Shoaling.] To assemble in a multitude; to throng; as, the fishes shoaled about the place. Chapman.

Shoal, a. [Cf. Shallow; or cf. G. scholle a clod, glebe, OHG. scollo, scolla, prob. akin to E. shoal a multitude.] Having little depth; shallow; as, shoal water.

Shoal, n. 1. A place where the water of a sea, lake, river, pond, etc., is shallow; a shallow.

The depth of your pond should be six feet; and on the sides some shoals for the fish to lay their span.

Mortimer.

Wolsey, that once trod the ways of glory, And sounded all the depths and shoals of honor.

Shak.

2. A sandbank or bar which makes the water shoal.

The god himself with ready trident stands, And opes the deep, and spreads the moving sands, Then heaves them off the shoals.

Dryden.

Shoal, v. i. To become shallow; as, the color of the water shows where it shoals.

Shoal, v. t. To cause to become more shallow; to come to a more shallow part of; as, a ship shoals her water by advancing into that which is less deep. Marryat.

Shoal"i*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being shoaly; little depth of water; shallowness.

Shoal"ing, a. Becoming shallow gradually. "A shoaling estuary." Lyell.

Shoal"y (?), a. Full of shoals, or shallow places.

The tossing vessel sailed on shoaly ground.

Dryden.

Shoar (shr), n. A prop. See 3d Shore.

Shoat (sht), n. A young hog. Same as Shote.

<! p. 1331 !>

Shock (?), n. [OE. schokke; cf. OD schocke, G. schock a heap, quantity, threescore, MHG. schoc, Sw. skok, and also G. hocke a heap of hay, Lith. kugis.] 1. A pile or assemblage of sheaves of grain, as wheat, rye, or the like, set up in a field, the sheaves varying in number from twelve to sixteen; a stook.

And cause it on shocks to be by and by set.

Tusser.

Behind the master walks, builds up the shocks.

Thomson.

2. [G. schock.] (Com.) A lot consisting of sixty pieces; -- a term applied in some Baltic ports to loose goods.

Shock, v. t. To collect, or make up, into a shock or shocks; to stook; as, to shock rye.

Shock, v. i. To be occupied with making shocks.

Reap well, scatter not, gather clean that is shorn, Bind fast, shock apace.

Tusser.

Shock, n. [Cf. D. schok a bounce, jolt, or leap, OHG. scoc a swing, MHG. schoc, Icel. skykkjun tremuously, F. choc a shock, collision, a dashing or striking against, Sp. choque, It. ciocco a log. &radic;161. Cf. Shock to shake.] 1. A quivering or shaking which is the effect of a blow, collision, or violent impulse; a blow, impact, or collision; a concussion; a sudden violent impulse or onset.

These strong, unshaken mounds resist the shocks Of tides and seas tempestuous.

Blackmore.

He stood the shock of a whole host of foes.

Addison.

2. A sudden agitation of the mind or feelings; a sensation of pleasure or pain caused by something unexpected or overpowering; also, a sudden agitating or overpowering event. "A shock of pleasure." Talfourd.

3. (Med.) A sudden depression of the vital forces of the entire body, or of a port of it, marking some profound impression produced upon the nervous system, as by severe injury, overpowering emotion, or the like.

4. (Elec.) The sudden convulsion or contraction of the muscles, with the feeling of a concussion, caused by the discharge, through the animal system, of electricity from a charged body.

Syn. -- Concussion, Shock. Both words signify a sudden violent shaking caused by impact or colision; but concussion is restricted in use to matter, while shock is used also of mental states.

Shock, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shocked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Shocking.] [OE. schokken; cf. D. schokken, F. choquer, Sp. chocar. &radic;161. Cf. Chuck to strike, Jog, Shake, Shock a striking, Shog, n. & v.] 1. To give a shock to; to cause to shake or waver; hence, to strike against suddenly; to encounter with violence.

Come the three corners of the world in arms, And we shall shock them.

Shak.

I shall never forget the force with which he shocked De Vipont.

Sir W. Scott.

2. To strike with surprise, terror, horror, or disgust; to cause to recoil; as, his violence shocked his associates.

Advise him not to shock a father's will.

Dryden.

Shock, v. i. To meet with a shock; to meet in violent encounter. "They saw the moment approach when the two parties would shock together." De Quincey.

Shock, n. [Cf. Shag.] 1. (Zoöl.) A dog with long hair or shag; -- called also shockdog.

2. A thick mass of bushy hair; as, a head covered with a shock of sandy hair.

Shock, a. Bushy; shaggy; as, a shock hair.

His red shock peruke . . . was laid aside.

Sir W. Scott.

Shock"dog` (?), n. (Zoöl.) See 7th Shock, 1.

Shock"-head` (?), a. Shock- headed. Tennyson.

Shock"-head`ed, a. Having a thick and bushy head of hair.

Shock"ing, a. Causing to shake or tremble, as by a blow; especially, causing to recoil with horror or disgust; extremely offensive or disgusting.

The grossest and most shocking villainies.

Secker.

-- Shock"ing*ly, adv. -- Shock"ing*ness, n.

Shod (?), imp. & p. p. f Shoe.

Shod"dy (?), n. [Perhaps fr. Shed, v. t.; as meaning originally, waste stuff shedor thrown off.] 1. A fibrous material obtained by "deviling," or tearing into fibers, refuse woolen goods, old stockings, rags, druggets, etc. See Mungo.

2. A fabric of inferior quality made of, or containing a large amount of, shoddy.

The great quantity of shoddy goods furnished as army supplies in the late Civil War in the United States gave wide currency to the word, and it came to be applied to persons who pretend to a higher position in society than that to which their breeding or worth entitles them.

Shod"dy, a. Made wholly or in part of shoddy; containing shoddy; as, shoddy cloth; shoddy blankets; hence, colloquially, not genuine; sham; pretentious; as, shoddy aristocracy.

Shoddy inventions designed to bolster up a factitious pride.

Compton Reade.

Shod"dy*ism (?), n. The quality or state of being shoddy. [Colloq.] See the Note under Shoddy, n.

Shode (?), n. [AS. scde, fr. sceádan. See Shed, v. t.] 1. The parting of the hair on the head. [Obs.]

Full straight and even lay his jolly shode.

Chaucer.

2. The top of the head; the head. [Obs.] Chaucer.

{ Shode, Shod"ing }. See Shoad, Shoading.

Sho"der (?), n. A package of gold beater's skins in which gold is subjected to the second process of beating.

Shoe (?), n.; pl. Shoes (#), formerly Shoon (#), now provincial. [OE. sho, scho, AS. sc&?;h, sceóh; akin to OFries. sk&?;, OS. sk&?;h, D. schoe, schoen, G. schuh, OHG. scuoh, Icel. sk&?;r, Dan. & Sw. sko, Goth. sk&?;hs; of unknown origin.] 1. A covering for the human foot, usually made of leather, having a thick and somewhat stiff sole and a lighter top. It differs from a boot on not extending so far up the leg.

Your hose should be ungartered, . . . yourshoe untied.

Shak.

Spare none but such as go in clouted shoon.

Shak.

2. Anything resembling a shoe in form, position, or use. Specifically: (a) A plate or rim of iron nailed to the hoof of an animal to defend it from injury. (b) A band of iron or steel, or a ship of wood, fastened to the bottom of the runner of a sleigh, or any vehicle which slides on the snow. (c) A drag, or sliding piece of wood or iron, placed under the wheel of a loaded vehicle, to retard its motion in going down a hill. (d) The part of a railroad car brake which presses upon the wheel to retard its motion. (e) (Arch.) A trough-shaped or spout-shaped member, put at the bottom of the water leader coming from the eaves gutter, so as to throw the water off from the building. (f) (Milling.) The trough or spout for conveying the grain from the hopper to the eye of the millstone. (g) An inclined trough in an ore-crushing mill. (h) An iron socket or plate to take the thrust of a strut or rafter. (i) An iron socket to protect the point of a wooden pile. (j) (Mach.) A plate, or notched piece, interposed between a moving part and the stationary part on which it bears, to take the wear and afford means of adjustment; -- called also slipper, and gib.

Shoe is often used adjectively, or in composition; as, shoe buckle, or shoe-buckle; shoe latchet, or shoe-latchet; shoe leathet, or shoe-leather; shoe string, shoe-string, or shoestring.