Chapter 28

self is used in the formation of innumerable compounds, usually of obvious signification, in most of which it denotes either the agent or the object of the action expressed by the word with which it is joined, or the person in behalf of whom it is performed, or the person or thing to, for, or towards whom or which a quality, attribute, or feeling expressed by the following word belongs, is directed, or is exerted, or from which it proceeds; or it denotes the subject of, or object affected by, such action, quality, attribute, feeling, or the like; as, self-abandoning, self-abnegation, self-abhorring, self-absorbed, self-accusing, self-adjusting, self-balanced, self-boasting, self-canceled, self-combating, self-commendation, self-condemned, self-conflict, self-conquest, self-constituted, self-consumed, self-contempt, self-controlled, self-deceiving, self-denying, self-destroyed, self-disclosure, self-display, self-dominion, self-doomed, self-elected, self-evolved, self-exalting, self-excusing, self-exile, self-fed, self- fulfillment, self-governed, self-harming, self- helpless, self-humiliation, self-idolized, self- inflicted, self-improvement, self-instruction, self-invited, self-judging, self-justification, self-loathing, self-loving, self-maintenance, self-mastered, self-nourishment, self-perfect, self-perpetuation, self-pleasing, self-praising, self-preserving, self-questioned, self-relying, self-restraining, self-revelation, self-ruined, self-satisfaction, self-support, self-sustained, self-sustaining, self-tormenting, self-troubling, self-trust, self-tuition, self-upbraiding, self-valuing, self-worshiping, and many others.

Self`-a*based" (?), a. Humbled by consciousness of inferiority, unworthiness, guilt, or shame.

Self`-a*base"ment (?), n. 1. Degradation of one's self by one's own act.

2. Humiliation or abasement proceeding from consciousness of inferiority, guilt, or shame.

Self`-a*bas"ing, a. Lowering or humbling one's self.

Self`-ab*hor"rence (?), n. Abhorrence of one's self.

Self`-ab`ne*ga"tion (?), n. Self- denial; self-renunciation; self-sacrifice.

Self`-abuse" (?), n. 1. The abuse of one's own self, powers, or faculties.

2. Self-deception; delusion. [Obs.] Shak.

3. Masturbation; onanism; self- pollution.

Self"-ac*cused" (?), a. Accused by one's self or by one's conscience. "Die self-accused." Cowper.

Self`-act"ing (?), a. Acting of or by one's self or by itself; -- said especially of a machine or mechanism which is made to perform of or for itself what is usually done by human agency; automatic; as, a self-acting feed apparatus; a self-acting mule; a self-acting press.

Self`-ac"tion (?), n. Action by, or originating in, one's self or itself.

Self`-ac"tive (?), a. Acting of one's self or of itself; acting without depending on other agents.

Self`-ac*tiv"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being self-active; self-action.

Self`-ad*just"ing (?), a. (Mach.) Capable of assuming a desired position or condition with relation to other parts, under varying circumstances, without requiring to be adjusted by hand; -- said of a piece in machinery.

Self-adjusting bearing (Shafting), a bearing which is supported in such a manner that it may tip to accomodate flexure or displacement of the shaft.

Self`-ad`mi*ra"tion (?), n. Admiration of one's self.

Self`-af*fairs" (?), n. pl. One's own affairs; one's private business. [Obs.] Shak.

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Self`-af*fright"ed (?), a. Frightened at or by one's self. Shak.

Self`-ag*gran"dize*ment (?), n. The aggrandizement of one's self.

Self`-an*ni"hi*la`ted (?), a. Annihilated by one's self.

Self`-an*ni`hi*la"tion (?), n. Annihilation by one's own acts; annihilation of one's desires. Addison.

Self`-ap*plause" (?), n. Applause of one's self.

Self`-ap*ply"ing (?), a. Applying to or by one's self.

Self`-ap*prov"ing (?), a. Approving one's own action or character by one's own judgment.

One self-approving hour whole years outweighs Of stupid starers and of loud huzzas.

Pope.

Self`-as*sert"ing (?), a. Asserting one's self, or one's own rights or claims; hence, putting one's self forward in a confident or assuming manner.

Self`-as*ser"tion (?), n. The act of asserting one's self, or one's own rights or claims; the quality of being self-asserting.

Self`-as*sert"ive (?), a. Disposed to self-assertion; self-asserting.

Self`-as*sumed` (?), a. Assumed by one's own act, or without authority.

Self`-as*sured` (?), a. Assured by or of one's self; self-reliant; complacent.

Self`-ban"ished (?), a. Exiled voluntarily.

Self"-be*got"ten (?), a. Begotten by one's self, or one's own powers.

Self"-born` (?), a. Born or produced by one's self.

{ Self`-cen"tered, Self`-cen"tred } (?), a. Centered in itself, or in one's self.

There hangs the ball of earth and water mixt, Self-centered and unmoved.

Dryden.

{ Self`-cen"ter*ing (?), Self`-cen"tring (?) } a. Centering in one's self.

Self`-cen*tra"tion (?), n. The quality or state of being self-centered.

Self`-char"i*ty (?), n. Self- love. [Obs.] Shak.

Self"-col`or (?), n. A color not mixed or variegated.

Self`-col"ored (?), a. Being of a single color; -- applied to flowers, animals, and textile fabrics.

Self`-com*mand" (?), n. Control over one's own feelings, temper, etc.; self-control.

Self`-com*mune" (?), n. Self- communion. [R.]

Self`-com*mu"ni*ca*tive (?), a. Imparting or communicating by its own powers.

Self`-com*mun"ion (?), n. Communion with one's self; thoughts about one's self.

Self`-com*pla"cen*cy (?), n. The quality of being self-complacent. J. Foster.

Self`-com*pla"cent (?), a. Satisfied with one's own character, capacity, and doings; self- satisfied.

Self`-con*ceit" (?), n. Conceit of one's self; an overweening opinion of one's powers or endowments.

Syn. -- See Egotism.

Self`-con*ceit"ed, a. Having an overweening opinion of one's own powers, attainments; vain; conceited. -- Self`-con*ceit"ed*ness, n.

Self`-con*cern" (?), n. Concern for one's self.

Self`-con`dem*na"tion (?), n. Condemnation of one's self by one's own judgment.

Self`-con"fi*dence (?), n. The quality or state of being self-confident; self-reliance.

A feeling of self-confidence which supported and sustained him.

Beaconsfield.

Self`-con"fi*dent (?), a. Confident of one's own strength or powers; relying on one's judgment or ability; self-reliant. -- Self`-con"fi*dent*ly, adv.

Self`-con"ju*gate (?), a. (Geom.) Having the two things that are conjugate parts of the same figure; as, self-conjugate triangles.

Self`-con"scious (?), a. 1. Conscious of one's acts or state as belonging to, or originating in, one's self. "My self-conscious worth." Dryden.

2. Conscious of one's self as an object of the observation of others; as, the speaker was too self- conscious.

Self`-con"scious*ness, n. The quality or state of being self-conscious.

Self`-con*sid"er*ing (?), a. Considering in one's own mind; deliberating. Pope.

Self`-con*sist"en*cy (?), n. The quality or state of being self-consistent.

Self`-con*sist"ent (?), a. Consistent with one's self or with itself; not deviation from the ordinary standard by which the conduct is guided; logically consistent throughout; having each part consistent with the rest.

Self`-con*sum"ing (?), a. Consuming one's self or itself.

Self`-con*tained" (?), a. 1. Having self-control; reserved; uncommunicative; wholly engrossed in one's self.

2. (Mach.) Having all the essential working parts connected by a bedplate or framework, or contained in a case, etc., so that mutual relations of the parts do not depend upon fastening outside of the machine itself.

Self-contained steam engine. (a) A steam engine having both bearings for the crank shaft attached to the frame of the engine. (b) A steam engine and boiler combined and fastened together; a portable steam engine.

Self`-con`tra*dic"tion (?), n. The act of contradicting one's self or itself; repugnancy in conceptions or in terms; a proposition consisting of two members, one of which contradicts the other; as, to be and not to be at the same time is a self-contradiction.

Self`-con`tra*dict"o*ry (?), a. Contradicting one's self or itself.

Self`-con*trol" (?), n. Control of one's self; restraint exercised over one's self; self- command.

Self`-con*vict"ed (?), a. Convicted by one's own consciousness, knowledge, avowal, or acts.

Self`-con*vic"tion (?), n. The act of convicting one's self, or the state of being self- convicted.

Self`-cre*at"ed (?), a. Created by one's self; not formed or constituted by another.

Self`-cul"ture (?), n. Culture, training, or education of one's self by one's own efforts.

Self`-de*ceit" (?), n. The act of deceiving one's self, or the state of being self-deceived; self- deception.

Self`-de*ceived" (?), a. Deceived or misled respecting one's self by one's own mistake or error.

Self`-de*cep"tion (?), n. Self- deceit.

Self`-de*fence" (?), n. See Self-defense.

Self`-de*fense" (?), n. The act of defending one's own person, property, or reputation.

In self-defense (Law), in protection of self, -- it being permitted in law to a party on whom a grave wrong is attempted to resist the wrong, even at the peril of the life of the assailiant. Wharton.

Self`-de*fen"sive (?), a. Defending, or tending to defend, one's own person, property, or reputation.

Self`-deg`ra*da"tion (?), n. The act of degrading one's self, or the state of being so degraded.

Self`-de*la"tion (?), n. Accusation of one's self. [R.] Milman.

Self`-de*lu"sion (?), n. The act of deluding one's self, or the state of being thus deluded.

Self`-de*ni"al (?), n. The denial of one's self; forbearing to gratify one's own desires; self- sacrifice.

Self`-de*ny"ing (?), a. Refusing to gratify one's self; self-sacrificing. -- Self`- de*ny"ing*ly, adv.

Self`-de*pend"ent (?), a. Dependent on one's self; self-depending; self-reliant.

Self`-de*pend"ing, a. Depending on one's self.

Self`-de*praved" (?), a. Corrupted or depraved by one's self. Milton.

Self`-de*stroy"er (?), n. One who destroys himself; a suicide.

Self`-de*struc"tion (?), n. The destruction of one's self; self-murder; suicide. Milton.

Self`-de*struc"tive (?), a. Destroying, or tending to destroy, one's self or itself; rucidal.

Self`-de*ter`mi*na"tion (?), n. Determination by one's self; or, determination of one's acts or states without the necessitating force of motives; -- applied to the voluntary or activity.

Self`-de*ter"min*ing (?), a. Capable of self-determination; as, the self-determining power of will.

Self`-de*vised" (?), a. Devised by one's self.

Self`-de*vot"ed (?), a. Devoted in person, or by one's own will. Hawthorne.

Self`-de*vote"ment (?), n. Self- devotion. [R.]

Self`-de*vo"tion (?), n. The act of devoting one's self, or the state of being self-devoted; willingness to sacrifice one's own advantage or happiness for the sake of others; self-sacrifice.

Self`-de*vour"ing (?), a. Devouring one's self or itself. Danham.

Self`-dif*fu"sive (?), a. Having power to diffuse itself; diffusing itself. Norris.

Self`-dis"ci*pline (?), n. Correction or government of one's self for the sake of improvement.

Self`-dis*trust" (?), n. Want of confidence in one' self; diffidence.

Self`-ed"u*ca`ted (?), a. Educated by one's own efforts, without instruction, or without pecuniary assistance from others.

Self`-e*lect"ive (?), a. Having the right of electing one's self, or, as a body, of electing its own members.

Self`-en*joy"ment, (?) n. Enjoyment of one's self; self-satisfaction.

Self`-es*teem" (?), n. The holding a good opinion of one's self; self-complacency.

Self`-es`ti*ma"tion (?), n. The act of estimating one's self; self-esteem.

Self`-ev"i*dence (?), n. The quality or state of being self-evident. Locke.

Self`-ev"i*dent (?), a. Evident without proof or reasoning; producing certainty or conviction upon a bare presentation to the mind; as, a self-evident proposition or truth. -- Self`-ev"i*dent*ly, adv.

Self`-ev`o*lu"tion (?), n. Evolution of one's self; development by inherent quality or power.

Self`-ex`al*ta"tion (?), n. The act of exalting one's self, or the state of being so exalted.

Self`-ex*am"i*nant (?), n. One who examines himself; one given to self-examination.

The humiliated self-examinant feels that there is evil in our nature as well as good.

Coleridge.

Self`-ex*am`i*na"tion (?), n. An examination into one's own state, conduct, and motives, particularly in regard to religious feelings and duties.

Self`-ex*ist"ence (?), n. Inherent existence; existence possessed by virtue of a being's own nature, and independent of any other being or cause; -- an attribute peculiar to God. Blackmore.

Self`-ex*ist"ent (?), a. Existing of or by himself, independent of any other being or cause; -- as, God is the only self-existent being.

self`-ex*plain"ing (?), a. Explaining itself; capable of being understood without explanation.

Self`-ex*po"sure (?), n. The act of exposing one's self; the state of being so exposed.

Self`-fer`ti*li*za"tion (?), n. (Bot.) The fertilization of a flower by pollen from the same flower and without outer aid; autogamy.

Self`-fer"ti*lized (?), a. (Bot.) Fertilized by pollen from the same flower.

Self`-glo"ri*ous (?), a. Springing from vainglory or vanity; vain; boastful. Dryden.

Self`-gov"ern*ment (?), n. 1. The act of governing one's self, or the state of being governed by one's self; self-control; self-command.

2. Hence, government of a community, state, or nation by the joint action of the mass of people constituting such a civil body; also, the state of being so governed; democratic government; democracy.

It is to self-government, the great principle of popular representation and administration, -- the system that lets in all to participate in the councels that are to assign the good or evil to all, -- that we may owe what we are and what we hope to be.

D. Webster.

Self`-grat`u*la"tion (?), n. Gratulation of one's self.

Self`-heal" (?), n. (Bot.) A blue-flowered labiate plant (Brunella vulgaris); the healall.

Self`-heal"ing (?), a. Having the power or property of healing itself.

Self`-help" (?), n. The act of aiding one's self, without depending on the aid of others.

Self`-hom"i*cide (?), n. The act of killing one's self; suicide. Hakewill.

Self"hood (?), n. Existence as a separate self, or independent person; conscious personality; individuality. Bib. Sacra.

Self`-ig"no*rance (?), n. Ignorance of one's own character, powers, and limitations.

Self`-ig"no*rant (?), a. Ignorant of one's self.

Self`-im*part"ing (?), a. Imparting by one's own, or by its own, powers and will. Norris.

Self`-im*por"tance (?), n. An exaggerated estimate of one's own importance or merit, esp. as manifested by the conduct or manners; self-conceit.

Self`-im*por"tant (?), a. Having or manifesting an exaggerated idea of one's own importance or merit.

Self`-im*posed" (?), a. Voluntarily taken on one's self; as, self-imposed tasks.

Self`-im*pos"ture (?), n. Imposture practiced on one's self; self-deceit. South.

Self`-in`dig*na"tion (?), n. Indignation at one's own character or actions. Baxter.

Self`-in*dul"gence (?), n. Indulgence of one's appetites, desires, or inclinations; -- the opposite of self-restraint, and self-denial.

Self`-in*dul"gent (?), a. Indulging one's appetites, desires, etc., freely.

Self`-in"ter*est (?), n. Private interest; the interest or advantage of one's self.

Self`-in"ter*est*ed, a. Particularly concerned for one's own interest or happiness.

Self`-in`vo*lu"tion (?), n. Involution in one's self; hence, abstraction of thought; reverie.

Self"ish (?), a. 1. Caring supremely or unduly for one's self; regarding one's own comfort, advantage, etc., in disregard, or at the expense, of those of others.

They judge of things according to their own private appetites and selfish passions.

Cudworth.

In that throng of selfish hearts untrue.

Keble.

2. (Ethics) Believing or teaching that the chief motives of human action are derived from love of self.

Hobbes and the selfish school of philosophers.

Fleming.

Self"ish*ly, adv. In a selfish manner; with regard to private interest only or chiefly.

Self"ish*ness, n. The quality or state of being selfish; exclusive regard to one's own interest or happiness; that supreme self-love or self-preference which leads a person to direct his purposes to the advancement of his own interest, power, or happiness, without regarding those of others.

Selfishness, -- a vice utterly at variance with the happiness of him who harbors it, and, as such, condemned by self- love.

Sir J. Mackintosh.

Syn. -- See Self-love.

Self"ism (?), n. Concentration of one's interests on one's self; self-love; selfishness. Emerson.

Self"ist, n. A selfish person. [R.] I. Taylor.

Self`-jus"ti*fi`er (?), n. One who excuses or justifies himself. J. M. Mason.

Self`-kin"dled (?), a. Kindled of itself, or without extraneous aid or power. Dryden.

Self`-know"ing (?), a. 1. Knowing one's self, or one's own character, powers, and limitations.

2. Knowing of itself, without help from another.

Self`-knowl"edge (?), n. Knowledge of one's self, or of one's own character, powers, limitations, etc.

Self"less, a. Having no regard to self; unselfish.

Lo now, what hearts have men! they never mount As high as woman in her selfless mood.

Tennyson.

Self"less*ness, n. Quality or state of being selfless.

Self"-life` (?), n. Life for one's self; living solely or chiefly for one's own pleasure or good.

Self`-love` (?), n. The love of one's self; desire of personal happiness; tendency to seek one's own benefit or advantage. Shak.

Self-love, the spring of motion, acts the soul.

Pope.

Syn. -- Selfishness. -- Self-love, Selfishness. The term self-love is used in a twofold sense: 1. It denotes that longing for good or for well- being which actuates the breasts of all, entering into and characterizing every special desire. In this sense it has no moral quality, being, from the nature of the case, neither good nor evil. 2. It is applied to a voluntary regard for the gratification of special desires. In this sense it is morally good or bad according as these desires are conformed to duty or opposed to it. Selfishness is always voluntary and always wrong, being that regard to our own interests, gratification, etc., which is sought or indulged at the expense, and to the injury, of others. "So long as self-love does not degenerate into selfishness, it is quite compatible with true benevolence." Fleming. "Not only is the phrase self-love used as synonymous with the desire of happiness, but it is often confounded with the word selfishness, which certainly, in strict propriety, denotes a very different disposition of mind." Slewart.

Self`-lu"mi*nous (?), a. Possessing in itself the property of emitting light. Sir D. Brewster.

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Self"-made` (?), a. Made by one's self.

Self-made man, a man who has risen from poverty or obscurity by means of his own talents or energies.

Self"-met`tle (?), n. Inborn mettle or courage; one's own temper. [Obs.] Shak.

Self`-mo"tion (?), n. Motion given by inherent power, without external impulse; spontaneous or voluntary motion.

Matter is not induced with self- motion.

Cheyne.

Self`-moved" (?), a. Moved by inherent power., without the aid of external impulse.

Self`-mov"ing (?), a. Moving by inherent power, without the aid of external impulse.

Self`-mur"der (?), a. Suicide.

Self`-mur"der*er (?), n. A suicide.

Self`-neg*lect"ing (?), n. A neglecting of one's self, or of one's own interests.

Self-love, my liege, is not so vile a sin As self-neglecting.

Shak.

Self"ness, n. Selfishness. [Obs.] Sir. P. Sidney.

Self`-one" (?), a. Secret. [Obs.] Marston.

Self`-o*pin"ion (?), n. Opinion, especially high opinion, of one's self; an overweening estimate of one's self or of one's own opinion. Collier.

Self`-o*pin"ioned (?), a. Having a high opinion of one's self; opinionated; conceited. South.

Self`-o*rig"i*na`ting (?), a. Beginning with, or springing from, one's self.

Self`-par`ti*al"i*ty (?), n. That partiality to himself by which a man overrates his own worth when compared with others. Kames.

Self`-per*plexed" (?), a. Perplexed by doubts originating in one's own mind.

Self`-pos"it*ed (?), a. Disposed or arranged by an action originating in one's self or in itself.

These molecular blocks of salt are self- posited.

Tyndall.

Self`-pos"it*ing, a. The act of disposing or arranging one's self or itself.

The self-positing of the molecules.

R. Watts.

Self"-pos*sessed" (?), a. Composed or tranquil in mind, manner, etc.; undisturbed.

Self`-pos*ses"sion (?), n. The possession of one's powers; calmness; self-command; presence of mind; composure.

Self"-praise` (?), n. Praise of one's self.

Self`-pres`er*va"tion (?), n. The preservation of one's self from destruction or injury.

Self`-prop"a*ga`ting (?), a. Propagating by one's self or by itself.

Self`-reg"is*ter*ing (?), a. Registering itself; -- said of any instrument so contrived as to record its own indications of phenomena, whether continuously or at stated times, as at the maxima and minima of variations; as, a self-registering anemometer or barometer.

Self`-reg"u*la`ted (?), a. Regulated by one's self or by itself.

Self`-reg"u*la*tive (?), a. Tending or serving to regulate one's self or itself. Whewell.

Self`-re*li"ance (?), n. Reliance on one's own powers or judgment; self-trust.

Self`-re*li"ant (?), a. Reliant upon one's self; trusting to one's own powers or judgment.

Self`-re*nun`ci*a"tion (?), n. The act of renouncing, or setting aside, one's own wishes, claims, etc.; self-sacrifice.

Self`-re*pel"len*cy (?), n. The quality or state of being self-repelling.

Self`-re*pel"ling, (&?;) a. Made up of parts, as molecules or atoms, which mutually repel each other; as, gases are self-repelling.

Self`-rep`e*ti"tion (?), n. Repetition of one's self or of one's acts; the saying or doing what one has already said or done.

Self`-re*proach" (?), n. The act of reproaching one's self; censure by one's own conscience.

Self`-re*proached" (?), a. Reproached by one's own conscience or judgment.

Self`-re*proach"ing (?), a. Reproaching one's self. -- Self`-re*proach"ing*ly, adv.

Self`-re*proof" (?), n. The act of reproving one's self; censure of one's conduct by one's own judgment.

Self`-re*proved" (?), a. Reproved by one's own conscience or one's own sense of guilt.

Self`-re*prov"ing (?), a. Reproving one's self; reproving by consciousness of guilt.

Self`-re*prov"ing*ly, adv. In a self-reproving way.

Self`-re*pug"nant (?), a. Self- contradictory; inconsistent. Brougham.

Self`-re*pul"sive (?), a. Self- repelling.

Self`-re*spect" (?), n. Respect for one's self; regard for one's character; laudable self- esteem.

Self`-re*strained" (?), a. Restrained by one's self or itself; restrained by one's own power or will.

Self`-re*straint" (?), n. Restraint over one's self; self-control; self-command.

Self`-rev"er*ence (?), n. A reverent respect for one's self. Tennyson.

Self`-right"eous (?), a. Righteous in one's own esteem; pharisaic.

Self`-right"eous*ness, n. The quality or state of being self-righteous; pharisaism.

Self`-sac"ri*fice (?), n. The act of sacrificing one's self, or one's interest, for others; self- devotion.

Self`-sac"ri*fi`cing (?), a. Yielding up one's own interest, feelings, etc; sacrificing one's self.

Self"same (?), a. [Self, a. + same.] Precisely the same; the very same; identical.

His servant was healed in the selfsame hour.

Matt. viii. 13.

Self`-sat`is*fac"tion (?), n. The quality or state of being self-satisfied.

Self`-sat"is*fied (?), a. Satisfied with one's self or one's actions; self-complacent.

Self`-sat"is*fy`ing (?), a. Giving satisfaction to one's self.

Self"-seek`er, n. One who seeks only his own interest, advantage, or pleasure.

Self"-seek`ing, a. Seeking one's own interest or happiness; selfish. Arbuthnot.