Chapter 15

Sche"di*asm (?), n. [Gr. &?; an extempore, fr. &?; to do offhand, &?; sudden, fr. &?; near.] Cursory writing on a loose sheet. [R.]

Sched"ule (?; in England commonly ?; 277), n. [F. cédule, formerly also spelt schedule, L. schedula, dim. of scheda, scida, a strip of papyrus bark, a leaf of paper; akin to (or perh. from) Gr. &?; a tablet, leaf, and to L. scindere to cleave, Gr. &?;. See Schism, and cf. Cedule.] A written or printed scroll or sheet of paper; a document; especially, a formal list or inventory; a list or catalogue annexed to a larger document, as to a will, a lease, a statute, etc.

Syn. -- Catalogue; list; inventory. see List.

Sched"ule, v. t. To form into, or place in, a schedule.

Scheele's" green` (?). [See Scheelite.] (Chem.) See under Green.

Scheel"in (?), n. (Chem.) Scheelium. [Obs.]

Scheel"ite (&?;), n. [From C.W. Scheele, a Swedish chemist.] (Min.) Calcium tungstate, a mineral of a white or pale yellowish color and of the tetragonal system of crystallization.

Schee"li*um (?), n. [NL. From C.W. Scheele, who discovered it.] (Chem.) The metal tungsten. [Obs.]

Scheik (shk or shk), n. See Sheik.

Schel"ly (?), n. (Zoöl.) The powan. [Prov. Eng.]

||Sche"ma (?), n.; pl. Schemata (#), E. Schemas (#). [G. See Scheme.] ||(Kantian Philos.) An outline or image universally applicable to a ||general conception, under which it is likely to be presented to the ||mind; as, five dots in a line are a schema of the number five; a ||preceding and succeeding event are a schema of cause and effect.

Sche*mat"ic (?), a. [Cf. Gr. &?; pretended.] Of or pertaining to a scheme or a schema.

Sche"ma*tism (?), n. [Cf. F. schématisme (cf. L. schematismos florid speech), fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to form. See Scheme.] 1. (Astrol.) Combination of the aspects of heavenly bodies.

2. Particular form or disposition of a thing; an exhibition in outline of any systematic arrangement. [R.]

Sche"ma*tist (?), n. One given to forming schemes; a projector; a schemer. Swift.

Sche"ma*tize (?), v. i. [Cf. F. schématiser, Gr. &?;.] To form a scheme or schemes.

Scheme (?), n. [L. schema a rhetorical figure, a shape, figure, manner, Gr. &?;, &?;, form, shape, outline, plan, fr. &?;, &?;, to have or hold, to hold out, sustain, check, stop; cf. Skr. sah to be victorious, to endure, to hold out, AS. sige victory, G. sieg. Cf. Epoch, Hectic, School.] 1. A combination of things connected and adjusted by design; a system.

The appearance and outward scheme of things.

Locke.

Such a scheme of things as shall at once take in time and eternity.

Atterbury.

Arguments . . . sufficient to support and demonstrate a whole scheme of moral philosophy.

J. Edwards.

The Revolution came and changed his whole scheme of life.

Macaulay.

2. A plan or theory something to be done; a design; a project; as, to form a scheme.

The stoical scheme of supplying our wants by lopping off our desires, is like cutting off our feet when we want shoes.

Swift.

3. Any lineal or mathematical diagram; an outline.

To draw an exact scheme of Constantinople, or a map of France.

South.

4. (Astrol.) A representation of the aspects of the celestial bodies for any moment or at a given event.

A blue silk case, from which was drawn a scheme of nativity.

Sir W. Scott.

Syn. -- Plan; project; contrivance; purpose; device; plot. -- Scheme, Plan. Scheme and plan are subordinate to design; they propose modes of carrying our designs into effect. Scheme is the least definite of the two, and lies more in speculation. A plan is drawn out into details with a view to being carried into effect. As schemes are speculative, they often prove visionary; hence the opprobrious use of the words schemer and scheming. Plans, being more practical, are more frequently carried into effect.

He forms the well-concerted scheme of mischief; 'T is fixed, 't is done, and both are doomed to death.

Rowe.

Artists and plans relieved my solemn hours; I founded palaces, and planted bowers.

Prior.

Scheme, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Schemed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Scheming.] To make a scheme of; to plan; to design; to project; to plot.

That wickedness which schemed, and executed, his destruction.

G. Stuart.

Scheme, v. i. To form a scheme or schemes.

Scheme"ful (?), a. Full of schemes or plans.

Schem"er (?), n. One who forms schemes; a projector; esp., a plotter; an intriguer.

Schemers and confederates in guilt.

Paley.

Schem"ing, a. Given to forming schemes; artful; intriguing. -- Schem"ing*ly, adv.

Schem"ist, n. A schemer. [R.] Waterland.

Schene (?), n. [L. schoenus, Gr. &?; a rush, a reed, a land measure: cf. F. schène.] (Antiq.) An Egyptian or Persian measure of length, varying from thirty-two to sixty stadia.

Schenk"beer` (?), n. [G. schenkbier; schenken to pour out + bier beer; -- so called because put on draught soon after it is made.] A mild German beer.

Scher"bet (?), n. See Sherbet.

||Scher"if (? or ?), n. See Sherif.

||Scher*zan"do (?), adv. [It.] (Mus.) In a playful or sportive manner.

||Scher"zo (?), n. [It.] (Mus.) A playful, humorous movement, commonly ||in 3-4 measure, which often takes the place of the old minuet and ||trio in a sonata or a symphony.

||Sche"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?;, &?;, to have or hold. ||See Scheme.] 1. General state or disposition of the body or mind, or ||of one thing with regard to other things; habitude. [Obs.] Norris.

2. (Rhet.) A figure of speech whereby the mental habitude of an adversary or opponent is feigned for the purpose of arguing against him. Crabb.

{ Schet"ic (?), Schet"ic*al (?) }, a. [Cf. Gr. &?; holding back.] Of or pertaining to the habit of the body; constitutional. [Obs.] Cudworth.

Schie*dam" (?), n. [Short for Schiedam schnapps.] Holland gin made at Schiedam in the Netherlands.

Schil"ler (?), n. [G., play of colors.] (Min.) The peculiar bronzelike luster observed in certain minerals, as hypersthene, schiller spar, etc. It is due to the presence of minute inclusions in parallel position, and is sometimes of secondary origin.

Schiller spar (Min.), an altered variety of enstatite, exhibiting, in certain positions, a bronzelike luster.

Schil`ler*i*za"tion (&?;), n. (Min.) The act or process of producing schiller in a mineral mass.

Schil"ling (?), n. [G. See Shilling.] Any one of several small German and Dutch coins, worth from about one and a half cents to about five cents.

||Schin`dy*le"sis (?), n. [NL., from Gr. &?; a splitting into ||fragments.] (Anat.) A form of articulation in which one bone is ||received into a groove or slit in another.

Schir"rhus (?), n. See Scirrhus.

Schism (?), n. [OE. scisme, OF. cisme, scisme, F. schisme, L. schisma, Gr. schi`sma, fr. schi`zein to split; akin to L. scindere, Skr. chid, and prob. to E. shed, v.t. (which see); cf. Rescind, Schedule, Zest.] Division or separation; specifically (Eccl.), permanent division or separation in the Christian church; breach of unity among people of the same religious faith; the offense of seeking to produce division in a church without justifiable cause.

Set bounds to our passions by reason, to our errors by truth, and to our schisms by charity.

Eikon Basilike.

Greek schism (Eccl.), the separation of the Greek and Roman churches. -- Great schism, or Western schism (Eccl.) a schism in the Roman church in the latter part of the 14th century, on account of rival claimants to the papal throne. -- Schism act (Law), an act of the English Parliament requiring all teachers to conform to the Established Church, -- passed in 1714, repealed in 1719.

||Schis"ma (?), n. [L., a split, separation, Gr. schi`sma: cf. F. ||schisma. See Schism.] (Anc. Mus.) An interval equal to half a comma.

Schis*mat"ic (sz*mt"k; so nearly all orthoëpists), a. [L. schismaticus, Gr. &?;: cf. F. schismatique.] Of or pertaining to schism; implying schism; partaking of the nature of schism; tending to schism; as, schismatic opinions or proposals.

Schis*mat"ic (?; 277), n. One who creates or takes part in schism; one who separates from an established church or religious communion on account of a difference of opinion. "They were popularly classed together as canting schismatics." Macaulay.

Syn. -- Heretic; partisan. See Heretic.

Schis*mat"ic*al (?), a. Same as Schismatic. -- Schis*mat"ic*al*ly, adv. -- Schis*mat"ic*al*ness, n.

Schis"ma*tize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Schismatized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Schismatizing (?).] [Cf. F. schismatiser.] To take part in schism; to make a breach of communion in the church.

Schism"less (?), a. Free from schism.

Schist (shst), n. [Gr. &?; divided, divisible, fr. &?; to divide: cf. F. schiste. See Schism.] (Geol.) Any crystalline rock having a foliated structure (see Foliation) and hence admitting of ready division into slabs or slates. The common kinds are mica schist, and hornblendic schist, consisting chiefly of quartz with mica or hornblende and often feldspar.

Schis*ta"ceous (?), a. Of a slate color.

Schist"ic (?), a. Schistose.

{ Schis*tose" (?; 277), Schist*ous (?) }, a. [Cf. F. schisteux.] (Geol.) Of or pertaining to schist; having the structure of a schist.

Schis*tos"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. schistosité.] (Geol.) The quality or state of being schistose.

Schiz"o- (?). [Gr. &?; to split, cleave.] A combining form denoting division or cleavage; as, schizogenesis, reproduction by fission or cell division.

Schiz"o*carp (?), n. [Schizo- + Gr. &?; fruit.] (Bot.) A dry fruit which splits at maturity into several closed one-seeded portions.

Schiz"o*cœle (?), n. [Schizo- + Gr. &?; hollow.] (Anat.) See Enterocœle.

Schiz`o*cœ"lous (?), a. (Zoöl.) Pertaining to, or of the nature of, a schizocœle.

Schiz`o*gen"e*sis (?), n. [Schizo- + genesis.] (Biol.) Reproduction by fission. Haeckel.

Schiz"og*nath (?), n. [See Schizognathous.] (Zoöl.) Any bird with a schizognathous palate.

||Schi*zog"na*thæ (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoöl.) The schizognathous birds.

Schi*zog"na*thism (?), n. (Zoöl.) The condition of having a schizognathous palate.

Schi*zog"na*thous (?), a. [Schizo- + Gr. &?; the jaw.] (Zoöl.) Having the maxillo- palatine bones separate from each other and from the vomer, which is pointed in front, as in the gulls, snipes, grouse, and many other birds.

||Schiz`o*my*ce"tes (?), n. pl., [NL., fr. Gr. &?; to split + &?;, ||-&?;, a fungus.] (Biol.) An order of Schizophyta, including the ||so-called fission fungi, or bacteria. See Schizophyta, in the ||Supplement.

||Schiz`o*ne*mer"te*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Schizo-, and Nemertes.] ||(Zoöl.) A group of nemerteans comprising those having a deep slit ||along each side of the head. See Illust. in Appendix.

Schiz`o*pel"mous (?), a. [Schizo- + Gr. pe`lma the sole of the foot.] (Zoöl.) Having the two flexor tendons of the toes entirely separate, and the flexor hallucis going to the first toe only.

Schiz"o*phyte (?), n. [Schizo- + Gr. &?; a plant.] (Biol.) One of a class of vegetable organisms, in the classification of Cohn, which includes all of the inferior forms that multiply by fission, whether they contain chlorophyll or not.

Schiz"o*pod (?; 277), n. (Zoöl.) one of the Schizopoda. Also used adjectively.

{ Schiz"o*pod (?; 277), Schi*zop"o*dous (?) }, a. Of or pertaining to a schizopod, or the Schizopoda.

||Schi*zop"o*da (?), n. pl., [NL. See Schizo-, and -poda.] (Zoöl.) A ||division of shrimplike Thoracostraca in which each of the thoracic ||legs has a long fringed upper branch (exopodite) for swimming.

Schiz`o*rhi"nal (?), a. [Schizo- + rhinal.] 1. (Anat.) Having the nasal bones separate.

2. (Zoöl.) Having the anterior nostrils prolonged backward in the form of a slit.

||Schlich (?), n. [G.; akin to LG. slick mud, D. slijk, MHG. slch.] ||(Metal.) The finer portion of a crushed ore, as of gold, lead, or ||tin, separated by the water in certain wet processes. [Written also ||slich, slick.]

Schmel"ze (?), n. [G. schmelz, schmelzglas.] A kind of glass of a red or ruby color, made in Bohemia.

Schnapps (?), n. [G., a dram of spirits.] Holland gin. [U.S.]

Schnei*de"ri*an (&?;), a. (Anat.) Discovered or described by C. V. Schneider, a German anatomist of the seventeenth century.

Schneiderian membrane, the mucous membrane which lines the nasal chambers; the pituitary membrane.

Scho*har"ie grit` (?). (Geol.) The formation belonging to the middle of the three subdivisions of the Corniferous period in the American Devonian system; -- so called from Schoharie, in New York, where it occurs. See the Chart of Geology.

Schol"ar (?), n. [OE. scoler, AS. sclere, fr. L. scholaris belonging to a school, fr. schola a school. See School.] 1. One who attends a school; one who learns of a teacher; one under the tuition of a preceptor; a pupil; a disciple; a learner; a student.

I am no breeching scholar in the schools.

Shak.

2. One engaged in the pursuits of learning; a learned person; one versed in any branch, or in many branches, of knowledge; a person of high literary or scientific attainments; a savant. Shak. Locke.

3. A man of books. Bacon.

4. In English universities, an undergraduate who belongs to the foundation of a college, and receives support in part from its revenues.

Syn. -- Pupil; learner; disciple. -- Scholar, Pupil. Scholar refers to the instruction, and pupil to the care and government, of a teacher. A scholar is one who is under instruction; a pupil is one who is under the immediate and personal care of an instructor; hence we speak of a bright scholar, and an obedient pupil.

Scho*lar"i*ty (?), n. [OF. scholarité, or LL. scholaritas.] Scholarship. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Schol"ar*like` (?), a. Scholarly. Bacon.

Schol"ar*ly, a. Like a scholar, or learned person; showing the qualities of a scholar; as, a scholarly essay or critique. -- adv. In a scholarly manner.

Schol"ar*ship, n. 1. The character and qualities of a scholar; attainments in science or literature; erudition; learning.

A man of my master's . . . great scholarship.

Pope.

2. Literary education. [R.]

Any other house of scholarship.

Milton.

3. Maintenance for a scholar; a foundation for the support of a student. T. Warton.

Syn. -- Learning; erudition; knowledge.

Scho*las"tic (?), a. [L. scholasticus, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to have leisure, to give lectures, to keep a school, from &?; leisure, a lecture, a school: cf. F. scholastique, scolastique. See School.] 1. Pertaining to, or suiting, a scholar, a school, or schools; scholarlike; as, scholastic manners or pride; scholastic learning. Sir K. Digby.

2. Of or pertaining to the schoolmen and divines of the Middle Ages (see Schoolman); as, scholastic divinity or theology; scholastic philosophy. Locke.

3. Hence, characterized by excessive subtilty, or needlessly minute subdivisions; pedantic; formal.

Scho*las"tic, n. 1. One who adheres to the method or subtilties of the schools. Milton.

2. (R. C. Ch.) See the Note under Jesuit.

Scho*las"tic*al (?), a. & n. Scholastic.

Scho*las"tic*al*ly, adv. In a scholastic manner.

Scho*las"ti*cism (?), n. The method or subtilties of the schools of philosophy; scholastic formality; scholastic doctrines or philosophy.

The spirit of the old scholasticism . . . spurned laborious investigation and slow induction.

J. P. Smith.

Scho"li*a (?), n. pl. See Scholium.

Scho"li*ast (?), n. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; a scholium: cf. F. scoliate. See Scholium.] A maker of scholia; a commentator or annotator.

No . . . quotations from Talmudists and scholiasts . . . ever marred the effect of his grave temperate discourses.

Macaulay.

Scho`li*as"tic (?), a. Of or pertaining to a scholiast, or his pursuits. Swift.

Scho"li*aze (?), v. i. [Cf. Gr. &?;.] To write scholia. [Obs.] Milton.

Schol"ic*al (?), a. [L. scholicus, Gr. &?;, fr. &?;. See School.] Scholastic. [Obs.] Hales.

||Scho"li*on (?), n. [NL.] A scholium.

A judgment which follows immediately from another is sometimes called a corollary, or consectary . . . One which illustrates the science where it appears, but is not an integral part of it, is a scholion.

Abp. Thomson (Laws of Thought).

Scho"li*um (?), n.; pl. L. Scholia (#), E. Scholiums (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?;. See School.] 1. A marginal annotation; an explanatory remark or comment; specifically, an explanatory comment on the text of a classic author by an early grammarian.

2. A remark or observation subjoined to a demonstration or a train of reasoning.

Scho"ly (?), n. A scholium. [Obs.] Hooker.

Scho"ly (?), v. i. & t. To write scholia; to annotate. [Obs.]

School (?), n. [For shoal a crowd; prob. confused with school for learning.] A shoal; a multitude; as, a school of fish.

School, n. [OE. scole, AS. sc&?;lu, L. schola, Gr. &?; leisure, that in which leisure is employed, disputation, lecture, a school, probably from the same root as &?;, the original sense being perhaps, a stopping, a resting. See Scheme.] 1. A place for learned intercourse and instruction; an institution for learning; an educational establishment; a place for acquiring knowledge and mental training; as, the school of the prophets.

Disputing daily in the school of one Tyrannus.

Acts xix. 9.

2. A place of primary instruction; an establishment for the instruction of children; as, a primary school; a common school; a grammar school.

As he sat in the school at his primer.

Chaucer.

3. A session of an institution of instruction.

How now, Sir Hugh! No school to- day?

Shak.

4. One of the seminaries for teaching logic, metaphysics, and theology, which were formed in the Middle Ages, and which were characterized by academical disputations and subtilties of reasoning.

At Cambridge the philosophy of Descartes was still dominant in the schools.

Macaulay.

5. The room or hall in English universities where the examinations for degrees and honors are held.

6. An assemblage of scholars; those who attend upon instruction in a school of any kind; a body of pupils.

What is the great community of Christians, but one of the innumerable schools in the vast plan which God has instituted for the education of various intelligences?

Buckminster.

7. The disciples or followers of a teacher; those who hold a common doctrine, or accept the same teachings; a sect or denomination in philosophy, theology, science, medicine, politics, etc.

Let no man be less confident in his faith . . . by reason of any difference in the several schools of Christians.

Jer. Taylor.

8. The canons, precepts, or body of opinion or practice, sanctioned by the authority of a particular class or age; as, he was a gentleman of the old school.

His face pale but striking, though not handsome after the schools.

A. S. Hardy.

9. Figuratively, any means of knowledge or discipline; as, the school of experience.

Boarding school, Common school, District school, Normal school, etc. See under Boarding, Common, District, etc. -- High school, a free public school nearest the rank of a college. [U. S.] -- School board, a corporation established by law in every borough or parish in England, and elected by the burgesses or ratepayers, with the duty of providing public school accommodation for all children in their district. -- School committee, School board, an elected committee of citizens having charge and care of the public schools in any district, town, or city, and responsible for control of the money appropriated for school purposes. [U. S.] -- School days, the period in which youth are sent to school. -- School district, a division of a town or city for establishing and conducting schools. [U.S.] -- Sunday school, or Sabbath school, a school held on Sunday for study of the Bible and for religious instruction; the pupils, or the teachers and pupils, of such a school, collectively.

School, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Schooled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Schooling.] 1. To train in an institution of learning; to educate at a school; to teach.

He's gentle, never schooled, and yet learned.

Shak.

2. To tutor; to chide and admonish; to reprove; to subject to systematic discipline; to train.

It now remains for you to school your child, And ask why God's Anointed be reviled.

Dryden.

The mother, while loving her child with the intensity of a sole affection, had schooled herself to hope for little other return than the waywardness of an April breeze.

Hawthorne.

School"book` (?), n. A book used in schools for learning lessons.

School"boy` (?), n. A boy belonging to, or attending, a school.

School"dame` (?). n. A schoolmistress.

School"er*y (&?;), n. Something taught; precepts; schooling. [Obs.] Spenser.

School"fel`low (?), n. One bred at the same school; an associate in school.

School"girl` (?), n. A girl belonging to, or attending, a school.

School"house` (?), n. A house appropriated for the use of a school or schools, or for instruction.

School"ing, n. 1. Instruction in school; tuition; education in an institution of learning; act of teaching.

2. Discipline; reproof; reprimand; as, he gave his son a good schooling. Sir W. Scott.

3. Compensation for instruction; price or reward paid to an instructor for teaching pupils.

School"ing, a. [See School a shoal.] (Zoöl.) Collecting or running in schools or shoals.

Schooling species like the herring and menhaden.

G. B. Goode.

School"ma'am (?), n. A schoolmistress. [Colloq.U.S.]

School"maid` (?), n. A schoolgirl. Shak.

School"man` (?), n.; pl. Schoolmen (&?;). One versed in the niceties of academical disputation or of school divinity.

The schoolmen were philosophers and divines of the Middle Ages, esp. from the 11th century to the Reformation, who spent much time on points of nice and abstract speculation. They were so called because they taught in the mediæval universities and schools of divinity.

School"mas`ter (?), n. 1. The man who presides over and teaches a school; a male teacher of a school.

Let the soldier be abroad if he will; he can do nothing in this age. There is another personage abroad, -- a person less imposing, -- in the eyes of some, perhaps, insignificant. The schoolmaster is abroad; and I trust to him, armed with his primer, against the soldier in full military array.

Brougham.

2. One who, or that which, disciplines and directs.

The law was our schoolmaster, to bring us unto Christ.

Gal. iii. 24.

School"mate` (?), n. A pupil who attends the same school as another.

School"mis`tress (?), n. A woman who governs and teaches a school; a female school-teacher.

School"room` (?), n. A room in which pupils are taught.

School"ship` (?), n. A vessel employed as a nautical training school, in which naval apprentices receive their education at the expense of the state, and are trained for service as sailors. Also, a vessel used as a reform school to which boys are committed by the courts to be disciplined, and instructed as mariners.

School"-teach`er (?), n. One who teaches or instructs a school. -- School"-teach`ing, n.

School"ward (?), adv. Toward school. Chaucer.

Schoon"er (?), n. [See the Note below. Cf. Shun.] (Naut.) Originally, a small, sharp-built vessel, with two masts and fore-and-aft rig. Sometimes it carried square topsails on one or both masts and was called a topsail schooner. About 1840, longer vessels with three masts, fore-and- aft rigged, came into use, and since that time vessels with four masts and even with six masts, so rigged, are built. Schooners with more than two masts are designated three-masted schooners, four- masted schooners, etc. See Illustration in Appendix.