Chapter 133

Syph"i*lis (?), n. [NL., fr. Syphilus, the name of a shepherd in the Latin poem of Fracastoro, "Syphilus, sive Morbus Gallicus," which was published in 1530; Gr. &?; hog, swine + &?; dear, loving. The term was introduced into nosology by Sauvages.] (Med.) The pox, or venereal disease; a chronic, specific, infectious disease, usually communicated by sexual intercourse or by hereditary transmission, and occurring in three stages known as primary, secondary, and tertiary syphilis. See under Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary.

Syph`i*lit"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. syphilitique.] (Med.) Of or pertaining to syphilis; of the nature of syphilis; affected with syphilis. -- n. A syphilitic patient.

Syph`i*lit"ic*al*ly (?), adv. (Med.) In a syphilitic manner; with venereal disease.

Syph`i*li*za"tion (?), n. (Med.) Inoculation with the syphilitic virus, especially when employed as a preventive measure, like vaccination.

Syph"i*lize (?), v. t. (Med.) To inoculate with syphilis.

Syph"i*lo*derm (?), n. [See Syphilis, and Derm.] (Med.) A cutaneous affection due to syphilis.

Syph`i*lo*der"ma*tous (?), a. (Med.) Of or pertaining to the cutaneous manifestations of syphilis.

Syph"i*loid (?), a. [Syphilis + -oid.] (Med.) Resembling syphilis.

Syph`i*lol"o*gist (?), n. One skilled in syphilology.

Syph`i*lol"o*gy (?), n. [Syphilis + -logy.] That branch of medicine which treats of syphilis.

Sy"phon (?), n. See Syphon.

Syr"a*cuse (?), n. A red wine of Italy.

Sy"ren (?), n. See Siren. [R.]

Syr"i*ac (?), a. [L. Syriacus, from Syria: cf. F. syriaque.] Of or pertaining to Syria, or its language; as, the Syriac version of the Pentateuch. -- n. The language of Syria; especially, the ancient language of that country.

Syr"i*a*cism (?), n. A Syrian idiom; a Syrianism.

Syr"i*an (?), a. [L. Syrius: cf. F. Syrien.] Of or pertaining to Syria; Syriac. -- n. A native of Syria.

Syr"i*an*ism (?), n. A Syrian idiom, or a peculiarity of the Syrian language; a Syriacism. Paley.

Syr"i*asm (?), n. A Syrian idiom; a Syrianism; a Syriacism. M. Stuart.

The Scripture Greek is observed to be full of Syriasms and Hebraisms.

Bp. Warburton.

Sy*rin"ga (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, a shepherd's pipe, tube. Cf. Syringe.] (Bot.) (a) A genus of plants; the lilac. (b) The mock orange; -- popularly so called because its stems were formerly used as pipestems.

Syr"inge (?), n. [F. seringue (cf. Pr. siringua, Sp. jeringa, It. sciringa, scilinga), fg. Gr. &?;, &?;, a pipe or tube; cf. Skr. svar to sound, and E. swarum. Cf. Syringa.] A kind of small hand-pump for throwing a stream of liquid, or for purposes of aspiration. It consists of a small cylindrical barrel and piston, or a bulb of soft elastic material, with or without valves, and with a nozzle which is sometimes at the end of a flexible tube; -- used for injecting animal bodies, cleansing wounds, etc.

Garden syringe. See Garden.

Syr"inge, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Syringed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Syringing (?).] 1. To inject by means of a syringe; as, to syringe warm water into a vein.

2. To wash and clean by injection from a syringe.

Sy*rin"ge*al (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the syrinx; as, the syringeal muscle.

Sy*rin"gin (?), n. (Chem.) A glucoside found in the bark of the lilac (Syringa) and extracted as a white crystalline substance; -- formerly called also lilacin.

||Sy*rin"go*cœle (?), n. [Syrinx + Gr. &?; hollow.] (Anat.) The central ||canal of the spinal cord. B. G. Wilder.

Sy*rin"go*tome (?), n. [Cf. F. syringotome. See Syringotomy.] (Surg. & Anat.) A small blunt-pointed bistoury, -- used in syringotomy.

Syr`in*got"o*my (?), n. [Gr. &?; a tube, a hollow sore + &?; to cut: cf. F. syringotomie.] (Surg.) The operation of cutting for anal fistula.

Syr"inx (?), n.; pl. Syringes (#). [NL., from Gr. &?; a pipe.] 1. (Mus.) A wind instrument made of reeds tied together; -- called also pandean pipes.

2. (Anat.) The lower larynx in birds.

In birds there are two laringes, an upper or true, but voiceless, larynx in the usual position behind the tongue, and a lower one, at or near the junction of the trachea and bronchi, which is the true organ of the voice.

||Syr"ma (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to drag.] (Class. Antiq.) A ||long dress, trailing on the floor, worn by tragic actors in Greek and ||Roman theaters.

Syr"phi*an (?), a. (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to the syrphus flies. -- n. (Zoöl.) A syrphus fly.

Syr"phus fly` (?). [NL. Syrphus, the generic name, fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, a kind of winged insect.] (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of dipterous flies of the genus Syrphus and allied genera. They are usually bright-colored, with yellow bands, and hover around plants. The larvæ feed upon plant lice, and are, therefore, very beneficial to agriculture.

Syrt (?), n. [L. syrtis a sand bank in the sea, Gr. &?;: cf. F. syrte.] A quicksand; a bog. [R.] Young.

Syr"tic (?), a. Of or pertaining to a syrt; resembling syrt, or quicksand. [R.] Ed. Rev.

||Syr"tis (?), n.; pl. Syrtes (#). [See Syrt.] A quicksand.

Quenched in a boggy syrtis, neither sea Nor good dry land.

Milton.

{ Syr"up (?), n., Syr"up*y (?) }, a. [See Sirup.] Same as Sirup, Sirupy.

||Sys`sar*co"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to unite by flesh, ||to cover over with flesh; sy`n with + &?;, &?;, flesh.] (Anat.) The ||junction of bones by intervening muscles.

Sys*tal"tic (?), a. [L. systalticus drawing together, Gr. &?;, from &?; to draw together. Cf. Sustaltic, Systole.] (Physiol.) Capable of, or taking place by, alternate contraction and dilatation; as, the systaltic action of the heart.

||Sys"ta*sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to stand together. See ||under System.] A political union, confederation, or league. [R.] ||Burke.

Sys"tem (?), n. [L. systema, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to place together; sy`n with + &?; to place: cf. F. système. See Stand.] 1. An assemblage of objects arranged in regular subordination, or after some distinct method, usually logical or scientific; a complete whole of objects related by some common law, principle, or end; a complete exhibition of essential principles or facts, arranged in a rational dependence or connection; a regular union of principles or parts forming one entire thing; as, a system of philosophy; a system of government; a system of divinity; a system of botany or chemistry; a military system; the solar system.

The best way to learn any science, is to begin with a regular system, or a short and plain scheme of that science well drawn up into a narrow compass.

I. Watts.

2. Hence, the whole scheme of created things regarded as forming one complete plan of whole; the universe. "The great system of the world." Boyle.

3. Regular method or order; formal arrangement; plan; as, to have a system in one's business.

4. (Mus.) The collection of staves which form a full score. See Score, n.

5. (Biol.) An assemblage of parts or organs, either in animal or plant, essential to the performance of some particular function or functions which as a rule are of greater complexity than those manifested by a single organ; as, the capillary system, the muscular system, the digestive system, etc.; hence, the whole body as a functional unity.

6. (Zoöl.) One of the stellate or irregular clusters of intimately united zooids which are imbedded in, or scattered over, the surface of the common tissue of many compound ascidians.

Block system, Conservative system, etc. See under Block, Conservative, etc.

{ Sys`tem*at"ic (?), Sys`tem*at"ic*al (?), } a. [Gr. &?;: cf. F. systématique.] 1. Of or pertaining to system; consisting in system; methodical; formed with regular connection and adaptation or subordination of parts to each other, and to the design of the whole; as, a systematic arrangement of plants or animals; a systematic course of study.

Now we deal much in essays, and unreasonably despise systematical learning; whereas our fathers had a just value for regularity and systems.

I. Watts.

A representation of phenomena, in order to answer the purposes of science, must be systematic.

Whewell.

2. Proceeding according to system, or regular method; as, a systematic writer; systematic benevolence.

3. Pertaining to the system of the world; cosmical.

These ends may be called cosmical, or systematical.

Boyle.

4. (Med.) Affecting successively the different parts of the system or set of nervous fibres; as, systematic degeneration.

Systematic theology. See under Theology.

Sys`tem*at"ic*al*ly, adv. In a systematic manner; methodically.

Sys"tem*a*tism (?), n. The reduction of facts or principles to a system. Dunglison.

Sys"tem*a*tist (?), n. [Cf. F. systématiste.] 1. One who forms a system, or reduces to system.

2. One who adheres to a system.

Sys`tem*a*ti*za"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. systématization.] The act or operation of systematizing.

Sys"tem*a*tize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Systematized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Systematizing (?).] [Cf. F. systématiser. Cf. Systemize.] To reduce to system or regular method; to arrange methodically; to methodize; as, to systematize a collection of plants or minerals; to systematize one's work; to systematize one's ideas.

Diseases were healed, and buildings erected, before medicine and architecture were systematized into arts.

Harris.

Sys"tem*a*ti`zer (?), n. One who systematizes.

Aristotle may be called the systematizer of his master's doctrines.

Harris.

Sys`tem*a*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, system + -logy.] The doctrine of, or a treatise upon, systems. Dunglison.

Sys*tem"ic (?), a. 1. Of or relating to a system; common to a system; as, the systemic circulation of the blood.

2. (Anat. & Physiol.) Of or pertaining to the general system, or the body as a whole; as, systemic death, in distinction from local death; systemic circulation, in distinction from pulmonic circulation; systemic diseases.

Systemic death. See the Note under Death, n., 1.

Sys`tem*i*za"tion (?), n. The act or process of systematizing; systematization.

Sys"tem*ize (ss"tm*z), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Systemized (- zd); p. pr. & vb. n. Systemizing (- `zng).] [Cf. Systematize.] To reduce to system; to systematize.

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Sys"tem*i`zer (ss"tm*`zr), n. One who systemizes, or reduces to system; a systematizer.

Sys"tem*less, a. 1. Being without system.

2. (Nat. Hist.) Not agreeing with some artificial system of classification.

3. (Biol.) Not having any of the distinct systems or types of structure, as the radiate, articulate, etc., characteristic of organic nature; as, all unicellular organisms are systemless.

Sys"to*le (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to contract; sy`n with + &?; to set, place.] 1. (Gram.) The shortening of the long syllable.

2. (Physiol.) The contraction of the heart and arteries by which the blood is forced onward and the circulation kept up; -- correlative to diastole.

Sys*tol"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to systole, or contraction; contracting; esp., relating to the systole of the heart; as, systolic murmur. Dunglison.

Sys"tyle (?), a. [L. systylos, Gr. sy`n with columns standing close; sy`n with + &?; a column: cf. F. systyle.] (Arch.) Having a space equal to two diameters or four modules between two columns; -- said of a portico or building. See Intercolumniation. -- n. A systyle temple or other edifice.

{ Syth (?), Sythe (?) }, prep., adv., conj. & n. See Sith, Sithe. [Obs.] Chaucer. Piers Plowman.

Sythe (?), n. Scythe. [Obs. or R.]

Sy*zyg"i*al (?), a. Pertaining to a syzygy.

Syz"y*gy (sz"*j), n.; pl. Syzygies (- jz). [L. syzygia a joining together, conjunction, Gr. syzygi`a; sy`n with + zeygny`nai to join, zygo`n yoke: cf. F. syzygie. See Yoke, n.] 1. (Astron.) The point of an orbit, as of the moon or a planet, at which it is in conjunction or opposition; -- commonly used in the plural.

2. (Gr. & L. Pros.) The coupling together of different feet; as, in Greek verse, an iambic syzygy.

3. (Zoöl.) (a) Any one of the segments of an arm of a crinoid composed of two joints so closely united that the line of union is obliterated on the outer, though visible on the inner, side. (b) The immovable union of two joints of a crinoidal arm.

Line of syzygies (Astron.), the straight line connecting the earth, the sun, and the moon or a planet, when the latter is in conjunction or opposition; -- used chiefly of the moon.