Chapter 101

Stir"rup (?), n. [OE. stirop, AS. stigrp; stgan to mount, ascend + rp a rope; akin to G. stegreif a stirrup. √164. See Sty, v. i., and Rope.] 1. A kind of ring, or bent piece of metal, wood, leather, or the like, horizontal in one part for receiving the foot of a rider, and attached by a strap to the saddle, -- used to assist a person in mounting a horse, and to enable him to sit steadily in riding, as well as to relieve him by supporting a part of the weight of the body.

Our host upon his stirpoes stood anon.

Chaucer.

2. (Carp. & Mach.) Any piece resembling in shape the stirrup of a saddle, and used as a support, clamp, etc. See Bridle iron.

3. (Naut.) A rope secured to a yard, with a thimble in its lower end for supporting a footrope. Totten.

Stirrup bone (Anat.), the stapes. -- Stirrup cup, a parting cup taken after mounting. -- Stirrup iron, an iron stirrup. -- Stirrup leather, or Stirrup strap, the strap which attaches a stirrup to the saddle. See Stirrup, 1.

Stirt (?), obs. p. p. of Start, v. i. Started; leaped.

They privily be stirt into a well.

Chaucer.

Stir"te (?), obs. imp. of Start, v. i. & t. Chaucer.

Stitch (?), n. [OE. stiche, AS. stice a pricking, akin to stician to prick. See Stick, v. i.] 1. A single pass of a needle in sewing; the loop or turn of the thread thus made.

2. A single turn of the thread round a needle in knitting; a link, or loop, of yarn; as, to let down, or drop, a stitch; to take up a stitch.

3. [Cf. OE. sticche, stecche, stucche, a piece, AS. stycce. Cf. Stock.] A space of work taken up, or gone over, in a single pass of the needle; hence, by extension, any space passed over; distance.

You have gone a good stitch.

Bunyan.

In Syria the husbandmen go lightly over with their plow, and take no deep stitch in making their furrows.

Holland.

4. A local sharp pain; an acute pain, like the piercing of a needle; as, a stitch in the side.

He was taken with a cold and with stitches, which was, indeed, a pleurisy.

Bp. Burnet.

5. A contortion, or twist. [Obs.]

If you talk, Or pull your face into a stitch again, I shall be angry.

Marston.

6. Any least part of a fabric or dress; as, to wet every stitch of clothes. [Colloq.]

7. A furrow. Chapman.

Chain stitch, Lock stitch. See in the Vocabulary. -- Pearl, or Purl stitch. See 2nd Purl, 2.

Stitch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stitched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Stitching.] 1. To form stitches in; especially, to sew in such a manner as to show on the surface a continuous line of stitches; as, to stitch a shirt bosom.

2. To sew, or unite together by stitches; as, to stitch printed sheets in making a book or a pamphlet.

3. (Agric.) To form land into ridges.

To stitch up, to mend or unite with a needle and thread; as, to stitch up a rent; to stitch up an artery.

Stitch, v. i. To practice stitching, or needlework.

Stitch"el (?), n. A kind of hairy wool. [Prov.]

Stitch"er (?), n. One who stitches; a seamstress.

Stitch"er*y (?), n. Needlework; -- in contempt. Shak.

Stitch"ing, n. 1. The act of one who stitches.

2. Work done by sewing, esp. when a continuous line of stitches is shown on the surface; stitches, collectively.

Stitch"wort` (?), n. (Bot.) See Stichwort.

Stith (?), a. [AS. stð.] Strong; stiff; rigid. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

Stith, n. [Icel. steði an anvil, akin to staðr place. See Stead.] An anvil; a stithy. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

He invented also pincers, hammers, iron crows, and the anvil, or stith.

Holland.

Stith"y (?), n. [See Stith, and cf. Stiddy.] 1. An anvil. Sir W. Scott.

2. A smith's shop; a smithy; a smithery; a forge. "As foul as Vulcan's stithy." Shak.

Stith"y, v. t. To forge on an anvil.

The forge that stithied Mars his helm.

Shak.

Stive (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stived (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Stiving.] [Probably fr. F. estiver to compress, stow, L. stipare: cf. It. stivare, Sp. estivar. Cf. Stevedore, Stiff.] To stuff; to crowd; to fill full; hence, to make hot and close; to render stifling. Sandys.

His chamber was commonly stived with friends or suitors of one kind or other.

Sir H. Wotton.

Stive, v. i. To be stifled or suffocated.

Stive, n. The floating dust in flour mills caused by the operation or grinding. De Colange.

Sti"ver (?), n. [D. stuiver; akin to G. stüber, Dan. styver, Sw. styfver.] A Dutch coin, and money of account, of the value of two cents, or about one penny sterling; hence, figuratively, anything of little worth.

Stives (?), n. pl. [OE. See Stew.] Stews; a brothel. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Stoak (?), v. t. [Cf. G. stocken.] (Naut.) To stop; to choke.

Stoat (?), n. [OE. stot a stoat, horse, bullock; perhaps originally only of male animals, and akin to D. stooten to push, E. stutter; cf. Icel. st&?;tr a bull, Sw. stut a bullock. Cf. Stot.] (Zoöl.) The ermine in its summer pelage, when it is reddish brown, but with a black tip to the tail. The name is sometimes applied also to other brown weasels.

Sto"cah (?), n. [Ir. & Gael. stocach an idle fellow who lives on the industry of others, a lounger.] A menial attendant. [Obs.] Spenser.

Stoc*cade" (?), n. & v. See Stockade.

Stoc*ca"do (?), n. [F. estocade, fr. Sp. estocada, or It. stoccata, from Sp. estoque, or It. stocco, a rapier, fr. G. stock a stick. See Stock.] A stab; a thrust with a rapier. Shak.

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Sto*chas"tic (st*ks"tk), a. [Gr. stochastiko`s, from stocha`zesqai to aim, to guess, fr. sto`chos mark or aim.] 1. Conjectural; able to conjecture. [Obs.] Whitefoot.

Stock (stk), n. [AS. stocc a stock, trunk, stick; akin to D. stok, G. stock, OHG. stoc, Icel. stokkr, Sw. stock, Dan. stok, and AS. stycce a piece; cf. Skr. tuj to urge, thrust. Cf. Stokker, Stucco, and Tuck a rapier.] 1. The stem, or main body, of a tree or plant; the fixed, strong, firm part; the trunk.

Though the root thereof wax old in the earth, and the stock thereof die in the ground, yet through the scent of water it will bud, and bring forth boughs like a plant.

Job xiv. 8,9.

2. The stem or branch in which a graft is inserted.

The scion overruleth the stock quite.

Bacon.

3. A block of wood; something fixed and solid; a pillar; a firm support; a post.

All our fathers worshiped stocks and stones.

Milton.

Item, for a stock of brass for the holy water, seven shillings; which, by the canon, must be of marble or metal, and in no case of brick.

Fuller.

4. Hence, a person who is as dull and lifeless as a stock or post; one who has little sense.

Let's be no stoics, nor no stocks.

Shak.

5. The principal supporting part; the part in which others are inserted, or to which they are attached. Specifically: --

(a) The wood to which the barrel, lock, etc., of a musket or like firearm are secured; also, a long, rectangular piece of wood, which is an important part of several forms of gun carriage.

(b) The handle or contrivance by which bits are held in boring; a bitstock; a brace.

(c) (Joinery) The block of wood or metal frame which constitutes the body of a plane, and in which the plane iron is fitted; a plane stock.

(d) (Naut.) The wooden or iron crosspiece to which the shank of an anchor is attached. See Illust. of Anchor.

(e) The support of the block in which an anvil is fixed, or of the anvil itself.

(f) A handle or wrench forming a holder for the dies for cutting screws; a diestock.

(g) The part of a tally formerly struck in the exchequer, which was delivered to the person who had lent the king money on account, as the evidence of indebtedness. See Counterfoil. [Eng.]

6. The original progenitor; also, the race or line of a family; the progenitor of a family and his direct descendants; lineage; family.

And stand betwixt them made, when, severally, All told their stock.

Chapman.

Thy mother was no goddess, nor thy stock From Dardanus.

Denham.

7. Money or capital which an individual or a firm employs in business; fund; in the United States, the capital of a bank or other company, in the form of transferable shares, each of a certain amount; money funded in government securities, called also the public funds; in the plural, property consisting of shares in joint-stock companies, or in the obligations of a government for its funded debt; -- so in the United States, but in England the latter only are called stocks, and the former shares.

8. (Bookkeeping) Same as Stock account, below.

9. Supply provided; store; accumulation; especially, a merchant's or manufacturer's store of goods; as, to lay in a stock of provisions.

Add to that stock which justly we bestow.

Dryden.

10. (Agric.) Domestic animals or beasts collectively, used or raised on a farm; as, a stock of cattle or of sheep, etc.; -- called also live stock.

11. (Card Playing) That portion of a pack of cards not distributed to the players at the beginning of certain games, as gleek, etc., but which might be drawn from afterward as occasion required; a bank.

I must buy the stock; send me good cardings.

Beau. & Fl.

12. A thrust with a rapier; a stoccado. [Obs.]

13. [Cf. Stocking.] A covering for the leg, or leg and foot; as, upper stocks (breeches); nether stocks (stockings). [Obs.]

With a linen stock on one leg.

Shak.

14. A kind of stiff, wide band or cravat for the neck; as, a silk stock.

15. pl. A frame of timber, with holes in which the feet, or the feet and hands, of criminals were formerly confined by way of punishment.

He shall rest in my stocks.

Piers Plowman.

16. pl. (Shipbuilding) The frame or timbers on which a ship rests while building.

17. pl. Red and gray bricks, used for the exterior of walls and the front of buildings. [Eng.]

18. (Bot.) Any cruciferous plant of the genus Matthiola; as, common stock (Matthiola incana) (see Gilly-flower); ten-weeks stock (M. annua).

19. (Geol.) An irregular metalliferous mass filling a large cavity in a rock formation, as a stock of lead ore deposited in limestone.

20. A race or variety in a species.

21. (Biol.) In tectology, an aggregate or colony of persons (see Person), as trees, chains of salpæ, etc.

22. The beater of a fulling mill. Knight.

23. (Cookery) A liquid or jelly containing the juices and soluble parts of meat, and certain vegetables, etc., extracted by cooking; -- used in making soup, gravy, etc.

Bit stock. See Bitstock. -- Dead stock (Agric.), the implements of husbandry, and produce stored up for use; -- in distinction from live stock, or the domestic animals on the farm. See def. 10, above. -- Head stock. See Headstock. -- Paper stock, rags and other material of which paper is made. -- Stock account (Bookkeeping), an account on a merchant's ledger, one side of which shows the original capital, or stock, and the additions thereto by accumulation or contribution, the other side showing the amounts withdrawn. -- Stock car, a railway car for carrying cattle. -- Stock company (Com.), an incorporated company the capital of which is represented by marketable shares having a certain equal par value. -- Stock duck (Zoöl.), the mallard. -- Stock exchange. (a) The building or place where stocks are bought and sold; stock market; hence, transactions of all kinds in stocks. (b) An association or body of stockbrokers who meet and transact business by certain recognized forms, regulations, and usages. Wharton. Brande & C. -- Stock farmer, a farmer who makes it his business to rear live stock. -- Stock gillyflower (Bot.), the common stock. See Stock, n., 18. -- Stock gold, gold laid up so as to form a stock, or hoard. -- Stock in trade, the goods kept for sale by a shopkeeper; the fittings and appliances of a workman. Simmonds. -- Stock list, a list of stocks, or shares, dealt in, of transactions, and of prices. -- Stock lock, a lock inclosed in a wooden case and attached to the face of a door. -- Stock market. (a) A place where stocks are bought and sold; the stock exchange. (b) A market for live stock. -- Stock pigeon. (Zoöl.) Same as Stockdove. -- Stock purse. (a) A common purse, as distinguished from a private purse. (b) (Mil.) Moneys saved out of the expenses of a company or regiment, and applied to objects of common interest. [Eng.] -- Stock shave, a tool used by blockmakers. -- Stock station, a place or district for rearing stock. [Australia] W. Howitt. -- Stock tackle (Naut.), a tackle used when the anchor is hoisted and secured, to keep its stock clear of the ship's sides. Totten. -- Stock taking, an examination and inventory made of goods or stock in a shop or warehouse; -- usually made periodically. -- Tail stock. See Tailstock. -- To have something on the stock, to be at work at something. -- To take stock, to take account of stock; to make an inventory of stock or goods on hand. Dickens. -- To take stock in. (a) To subscribe for, or purchase, shares in a stock company. (b) To put faith in; to accept as trustworthy; as, to take stock in a person's fidelity. [Slang] -- To take stock of, to take account of the stock of; to take an inventory of; hence, to ascertain the facts in regard to (something). [Eng.]

At the outset of any inquiry it is proper to take stock of the results obtained by previous explorers of the same field.

Leslie Stephen.

Syn. -- Fund; capital; store; supply; accumulation; hoard; provision.

Stock (stk), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stocked (stkt); p. pr. & vb. n. Stocking.] 1. To lay up; to put aside for future use; to store, as merchandise, and the like.

2. To provide with material requisites; to store; to fill; to supply; as, to stock a warehouse, that is, to fill it with goods; to stock a farm, that is, to supply it with cattle and tools; to stock land, that is, to occupy it with a permanent growth, especially of grass.

3. To suffer to retain milk for twenty-four hours or more previous to sale, as cows.

4. To put in the stocks. [R.] Shak.

To stock an anchor (Naut.), to fit it with a stock, or to fasten the stock firmly in place. -- To stock cards (Card Playing), to arrange cards in a certain manner for cheating purposes. [Cant] -- To stock down (Agric.), to sow, as plowed land, with grass seed, in order that it may become swarded, and produce grass. -- To stock up, to extirpate; to dig up.

Stock, a. Used or employed for constant service or application, as if constituting a portion of a stock or supply; standard; permanent; standing; as, a stock actor; a stock play; a stock sermon. "A stock charge against Raleigh." C. Kingsley.

Stock company (Theater), a company of actors regularly employed at one theater, or permanently acting together in various plays under one management.

Stock*ade" (?), n. [F. estacade stockade, boom (confused in French with estocade; see 1st Stoccado); fr. It. steccata a palisade (influenced by OF. estach, estaque, a stake, post), or from Sp. estacada a palisade; both of German origin, and akin to E. stake, stick; cf. G. stecken stick, OHG. steccho. See Stake, n., Stick, n. & v. t., and cf. Estacade, Stacket.] 1. (Mil.) A line of stout posts or timbers set firmly in the earth in contact with each other (and usually with loopholes) to form a barrier, or defensive fortification. [Written also stoccade.]

2. An inclosure, or pen, made with posts and stakes.

Stock*ade", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stockaded; p. pr. & vb. n. Stockading.] To surround, fortify, or protect with a stockade.

Stock"-blind` (?), a. Blind as a stock; wholly blind.

Stock"bro`ker (?), n. A broker who deals in stocks.

Stock"dove` (?), n. (Zoöl.) A common European wild pigeon (Columba ænas), so called because at one time believed to be the stock of the domestic pigeon, or, according to some, from its breeding in the stocks, or trunks, of trees.

The name is applied, also, to other related species, as the Indian stockdove (Palumbæna Eversmanni).

Stock"er (?), n. One who makes or fits stocks, as of guns or gun carriages, etc.

Stock"fish` (?), n. [Cf. D. stokvisch.] 1. Salted and dried fish, especially codfish, hake, ling, and torsk; also, codfish dried without being salted.

2. (Zoöl.) Young fresh cod.

Stock"hold`er (?), n. One who is a holder or proprietor of stock in the public funds, or in the funds of a bank or other stock company.

Stock`i*net" (?), n. An elastic textile fabric imitating knitting, of which stockings, under-garments, etc., are made.

Stock"ing (?), n. [From Stock, which was formerly used of a covering for the legs and feet, combining breeches, or upper stocks, and stockings, or nether stocks.] A close-fitting covering for the foot and leg, usually knit or woven.

Blue stocking. See Bluestocking. -- Stocking frame, a machine for knitting stockings or other hosiery goods.

Stock"ing, v. t. To dress in GBs. Dryden.

Stock"ing*er (?), n. A stocking weaver.

Stock"ish, a. Like a stock; stupid; blockish.

Since naught so stockish, hard, and full of rage, But music for the time doth change his nature.

Shak.

Stock"job`ber (?), n. [Stock + job.] One who speculates in stocks for gain; one whose occupation is to buy and sell stocks. In England a jobber acts as an intermediary between brokers.

Stock"job`bing (?), n. The act or art of dealing in stocks; the business of a stockjobber.

Stock"man (?), n.; pl. Stockmen (&?;). A herdsman; a ranchman; one owning, or having charge of, herds of live stock. [Australia & U.S.] W. Howitt.

Stock"-still` (?), a. [CF. G. stock- still.] Still as a stock, or fixed post; perfectly still.

His whole work stands stock-still.

Sterne.

Stock"work` (?), n. [G. stockwerk.] 1. (Mining) A system of working in ore, etc., when it lies not in strata or veins, but in solid masses, so as to be worked in chambers or stories.

2. (Geol.) A metalliferous deposit characterized by the impregnation of the mass of rock with many small veins or nests irregularly grouped. This kind of deposit is especially common with tin ore. Such deposits are worked in floors or stories.

Stock"y (?), a. [From Stock.] 1. Short and thick; thick rather than tall or corpulent. Addison.

Stocky, twisted, hunchback stems.

Mrs. H. H. Jackson.

2. Headstrong. [Prov. Eng.] G. Eliot.

Stodg"y (?), a. Wet. [Prov. Eng.] G. Eliot.

Stœch`i*ol"o*gy (?), n., Stœch`i*om"e*try (&?;), n., etc. See Stoichiology, Stoichiometry, etc.

Sto"ic (?), n. [L. stoicus, Gr. &?;, fr. &?;, adj., literally, of or pertaining to a colonnade, from &?; a roofed colonnade, a porch, especially, a porch in Athens where Zeno and his successors taught.] 1. A disciple of the philosopher Zeno; one of a Greek sect which held that men should be free from passion, unmoved by joy or grief, and should submit without complaint to unavoidable necessity, by which all things are governed.

2. Hence, a person not easily excited; an apathetic person; one who is apparently or professedly indifferent to pleasure or pain.

A Stoic of the woods, a man without a tear.

Campbell.

School of Stoics. See The Porch, under Porch.

{ Sto"ic (?), Sto"ic*al (?), } a. [L. stoicus, Gr. &?;: cf. F. stoïque. See Stoic, n.] 1. Of or pertaining to the Stoics; resembling the Stoics or their doctrines.

2. Not affected by passion; manifesting indifference to pleasure or pain. -- Sto"ic*al*ly, adv. -- Sto"ic*al*ness, n.

Stoi`chi*o*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to stoichiology.

Stoi`chi*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?; a first element + -logy.] [Written also stœchiology.] 1. That part of the science of physiology which treats of the elements, or principles, composing animal tissues.

2. (Logic) The doctrine of the elementary requisites of mere thought. Sir W. Hamilton.

3. The statement or discussion of the first principles of any science or art.

{ Stoi`chi*o*met"ric (?), Stoi`chi*o*met"ric*al (?), } a. Of or pertaining to stoichiometry; employed in, or obtained by, stoichiometry.

Stoi`chi*om"e*try (?), n. [Gr. &?; a first principle, or element + -metry.] The art or process of calculating the atomic proportions, combining weights, and other numerical relations of chemical elements and their compounds.

Sto"i*cism (?), n. [Cf. F. stoïcisme.] 1. The opinions and maxims of the Stoics.

2. A real or pretended indifference to pleasure or pain; insensibility; impassiveness.

Sto*ic"i*ty (?), n. Stoicism. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Stoke (?), v. t. [OE. stoken, fr. D. stoken, fr. stok a stick (cf. OF. estoquier to thrust, stab; of Teutonic origin, and akin to D. stok). See Stock.] 1. To stick; to thrust; to stab. [Obs.]

Nor short sword for to stoke, with point biting.

Chaucer.

2. To poke or stir up, as a fire; hence, to tend, as the fire of a furnace, boiler, etc.

Stoke, v. i. To poke or stir up a fire; hence, to tend the fires of furnaces, steamers, etc.

Stoke"hole` (?), n. The mouth to the grate of a furnace; also, the space in front of the furnace, where the stokers stand.

Stok"er (?), n. [D. See Stoke, v. t.] 1. One who is employed to tend a furnace and supply it with fuel, especially the furnace of a locomotive or of a marine steam boiler; also, a machine for feeding fuel to a fire.

2. A fire poker. [R.] C. Richardson (Dict.).

Sto"key (?), a. Close; sultry. [Prov. Eng.]

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||Sto"la (?), n.; pl. Stolæ (#). [L. See Stole a garment.] (Rom. ||Antiq.) A long garment, descending to the ankles, worn by Roman ||women.

The stola was not allowed to be worn by courtesans, or by women who had been divorced from their husbands.

Fairholt.

Stole (?), imp. of Steal.

Stole, n. [L. stolo, - onis.] (Bot.) A stolon.

Stole, n. [AS. stole, L. stola, Gr. &?; a stole, garment, equipment, fr. &?; to set, place, equip, send, akin to E. stall. See Stall.] 1. A long, loose garment reaching to the feet. Spenser.

But when mild morn, in saffron stole, First issues from her eastern goal.

T. Warton.

2. (Eccl.) A narrow band of silk or stuff, sometimes enriched with embroidery and jewels, worn on the left shoulder of deacons, and across both shoulders of bishops and priests, pendent on each side nearly to the ground. At Mass, it is worn crossed on the breast by priests. It is used in various sacred functions.

Groom of the stole, the first lord of the bedchamber in the royal household. [Eng.] Brande & C.

Stoled (?), a. Having or wearing a stole.

After them flew the prophets, brightly stoled In shining lawn.

G. Fletcher.

Stol"en (?), p. p. of Steal.

Stol"id (?), a. [L. stolidus.] Hopelessly insensible or stupid; not easily aroused or excited; dull; impassive; foolish.

Sto*lid"i*ty (?), n. [L. stoliditas.] The state or quality of being stolid; dullness of intellect; obtuseness; stupidity.

Indocile, intractable fools, whose stolidity can baffle all arguments, and be proof against demonstration itself.

Bentley.

Stol"id*ness (?), n. Same as Stolidity.

Sto"lon (?), n. [L. stolo, - onis: cf. F. stolon. Cf. Stole a stolon, 1st Stool.] 1. (Bot.) A trailing branch which is disposed to take root at the end or at the joints; a stole.

2. (Zoöl.) An extension of the integument of the body, or of the body wall, from which buds are developed, giving rise to new zooids, and thus forming a compound animal in which the zooids usually remain united by the stolons. Such stolons are often present in Anthozoa, Hydroidea, Bryozoa, and social ascidians. See Illust. under Scyphistoma.

Stol`o*nif"er*ous (?), a. [Stolon + -ferous: cf. F. stolonifère.] Producing stolons; putting forth suckers.

||Sto"ma (?), n.; pl. Stomata (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, a mouth.] 1. ||(Anat.) One of the minute apertures between the cells in many serous ||membranes.

2. (Bot.) (a) The minute breathing pores of leaves or other organs opening into the intercellular spaces, and usually bordered by two contractile cells. (b) The line of dehiscence of the sporangium of a fern. It is usually marked by two transversely elongated cells. See Illust. of Sporangium.

3. (Zoöl.) A stigma. See Stigma, n., 6 (a) & (b).