Chapter 50

||Rou`lade" (?), n. [F.] (Mus.) A smoothly running passage of short ||notes (as semiquavers, or sixteenths) uniformly grouped, sung upon ||one long syllable, as in Handel's oratorios.

||Rou`leau" (?), n.; pl. F. Rouleaux (F. &?;; E. &?;), E. Rouleaus (#). ||[F., a roll, dim. fr. fr. rôle, formerly also spelt roulle. See ||Roll.] A little roll; a roll of coins put up in paper, or something ||resembling such a roll.

Rou*lette" (?), n. [F., properly, a little wheel or ball. See Rouleau, Roll.] 1. A game of chance, in which a small ball is made to move round rapidly on a circle divided off into numbered red and black spaces, the one on which it stops indicating the result of a variety of wagers permitted by the game.

2. (Fine Arts) (a) A small toothed wheel used by engravers to roll over a plate in order to order to produce rows of dots. (b) A similar wheel used to roughen the surface of a plate, as in making alterations in a mezzotint.

3. (Geom.) the curve traced by any point in the plane of a given curve when the latter rolls, without sliding, over another fixed curve. See Cycloid, and Epycycloid.

Rou"ly-pou`ly (?), n. See Rolly- pooly.

{ Roun, Rown (?) }, v. i. & t. [AS. r&?;nian, fr. r&?;n a rune, secret, mystery; akin to G. raunen to whisper. See Rune.] To whisper. [obs.] Gower.

Another rouned to his fellow low.

Chaucer.

Rounce (rouns), n. [Cf. F. ronce bramble, brier, thorn, ranche a round, step, rack, or E. round.] (Print.) The handle by which the bed of a hand press, holding the form of type, etc., is run in under the platen and out again; -- sometimes applied to the whole apparatus by which the form is moved under the platen.

Roun"ce*val (?), a. [F. Ronceval, Roncevaux, a town at the foot of the foot of the Pyrenees, Sp. Roncesvalles.] Large; strong; -- from the gigantic bones shown at Roncesvalles, and alleged to be those of old heroes. [Obs.]

Roun"ce*val, n. A giant; anything large; a kind of pea called also marrowfat. [Obs.]

Roun"cy (?), n. A common hackney horse; a nag. [Obs.]

he rode upon a rouncy as he could.

Chaucer.

Round (?), v. i. & t. [From Roun.] To whisper. [obs.] Shak. Holland.

The Bishop of Glasgow rounding in his ear, "Ye are not a wise man," . . . he rounded likewise to the bishop, and said, "Wherefore brought ye me here?"

Calderwood.

Round, a. [OF. roond, roont, reond, F. rond, fr. L. rotundus, fr. rota wheel. See Rotary, and cf. Rotund, roundel, Rundlet.] 1. Having every portion of the surface or of the circumference equally distant from the center; spherical; circular; having a form approaching a spherical or a circular shape; orbicular; globular; as, a round ball. "The big, round tears." Shak.

Upon the firm opacous globe Of this round world.

Milton.

2. Having the form of a cylinder; cylindrical; as, the barrel of a musket is round.

3. Having a curved outline or form; especially, one like the arc of a circle or an ellipse, or a portion of the surface of a sphere; rotund; bulging; protuberant; not angular or pointed; as, a round arch; round hills. "Their round haunches gored." Shak.

4. Full; complete; not broken; not fractional; approximately in even units, tens, hundreds, thousands, etc.; -- said of numbers.

Pliny put a round number near the truth, rather than the fraction.

Arbuthnot.

5. Not inconsiderable; large; hence, generous; free; as, a round price.

Three thousand ducats; 'tis a good round sum.

Shak.

Round was their pace at first, but slackened soon.

Tennyson.

6. Uttered or emitted with a full tone; as, a round voice; a round note.

7. (Phonetics) Modified, as a vowel, by contraction of the lip opening, making the opening more or less round in shape; rounded; labialized; labial. See Guide to Pronunciation, § 11.

8. Outspoken; plain and direct; unreserved; unqualified; not mincing; as, a round answer; a round oath. "The round assertion." M. Arnold.

Sir Toby, I must be round with you.

Shak.

9. Full and smoothly expanded; not defective or abrupt; finished; polished; -- said of style, or of authors with reference to their style. [Obs.]

In his satires Horace is quick, round, and pleasant.

Peacham.

10. Complete and consistent; fair; just; -- applied to conduct.

Round dealing is the honor of man's nature.

Bacon.

At a round rate, rapidly. Dryden. -- In round numbers, approximately in even units, tens, hundreds, etc.; as, a bin holding 99 or 101 bushels may be said to hold in round numbers 100 bushels. -- Round bodies (Geom.), the sphere right cone, and right cylinder. -- Round clam (Zoöl.), the quahog. -- Round dance one which is danced by couples with a whirling or revolving motion, as the waltz, polka, etc. -- Round game, a game, as of cards, in which each plays on his own account. -- Round hand, a style of penmanship in which the letters are formed in nearly an upright position, and each separately distinct; -- distinguished from running hand. -- Round robin. [Perhaps F. round round + ruban ribbon.] (a) A written petition, memorial, remonstrance, protest, etc., the signatures to which are made in a circle so as not to indicate who signed first. "No round robins signed by the whole main deck of the Academy or the Porch." De Quincey. (b) (Zoöl.) The cigar fish. -- Round shot, a solid spherical projectile for ordnance. -- Round Table, the table about which sat King Arthur and his knights. See Knights of the Round Table, under Knight. -- Round tower, one of certain lofty circular stone towers, tapering from the base upward, and usually having a conical cap or roof, which crowns the summit, -- found chiefly in Ireland. They are of great antiquity, and vary in heigh from thirty-five to one hundred and thiry feet. -- Round trot, one in which the horse throws out his feet roundly; a full, brisk, quick trot. Addison. -- Round turn (Naut.), one turn of a rope round a timber, a belaying pin, etc. -- To bring up with a round turn, to stop abruptly. [Colloq.]

Syn. -- Circular; spherical; globular; globase; orbicular; orbed; cylindrical; full; plump; rotund.

Round (?), n. 1. Anything round, as a circle, a globe, a ring. "The golden round" [the crown]. Shak.

In labyrinth of many a round self- rolled.

Milton.

2. A series of changes or events ending where it began; a series of like events recurring in continuance; a cycle; a periodical revolution; as, the round of the seasons; a round of pleasures.

3. A course of action or conduct performed by a number of persons in turn, or one after another, as if seated in a circle.

Women to cards may be compared: we play A round or two; which used, we throw away.

Granville.

The feast was served; the bowl was crowned; To the king's pleasure went the mirthful round.

Prior.

4. A series of duties or tasks which must be performed in turn, and then repeated.

the trivial round, the common task.

Keble.

5. A circular dance.

Come, knit hands, and beat the ground, In a light fantastic round.

Milton.

6. That which goes round a whole circle or company; as, a round of applause.

7. Rotation, as in office; succession. Holyday.

8. The step of a ladder; a rundle or rung; also, a crosspiece which joins and braces the legs of a chair.

All the rounds like Jacob's ladder rise.

Dryden.

9. A course ending where it began; a circuit; a beat; especially, one freguently or regulary traversed; also, the act of traversing a circuit; as, a watchman's round; the rounds of the postman.

10. (Mil.) (a) A walk performed by a guard or an officer round the rampart of a garrison, or among sentinels, to see that the sentinels are faithful and all things safe; also, the guard or officer, with his attendants, who performs this duty; -- usually in the plural. (b) A general discharge of firearms by a body of troops in which each soldier fires once. (c) Ammunition for discharging a piece or pieces once; as, twenty rounds of ammunition were given out.

11. (Mus.) A short vocal piece, resembling a catch in which three or four voices follow each other round in a species of canon in the unison.

12. The time during which prize fighters or boxers are in actual contest without an intermission, as prescribed by their rules; a bout.

13. A brewer's vessel in which the fermentation is concluded, the yeast escaping through the bunghole.

14. A vessel filled, as for drinking. [R.]

15. An assembly; a group; a circle; as, a round of politicians. Addison.

16. (Naut.) See Roundtop.

17. Same as Round of beef, below.

Gentlemen of the round. (a) Gentlemen soldiers of low rank who made the rounds. See 10 (a), above. (b) Disbanded soldiers who lived by begging. [Obs.]

Worm-eaten gentlemen of the round, such as have vowed to sit on the skirts of the city, let your provost and his half dozen of halberdiers do what they can.

B. Jonson.

-- Round of beef, the part of the thigh below the aitchbone, or between the rump and the leg. See Illust. of beef. -- Round steak, a beefsteak cut from the round. -- Sculpture in the round, sculpture giving the full form, as of man; statuary, distinguished from relief.

<! p. 1255 !>

Round, adv. 1. On all sides; around.

Round he throws his baleful eyes.

Milton.

2. Circularly; in a circular form or manner; by revolving or reversing one's position; as, to turn one's head round; a wheel turns round.

3. In circumference; as, a ball is ten inches round.

4. From one side or party to another; as to come or turn round, -- that is, to change sides or opinions.

5. By or in a circuit; by a course longer than the direct course; back to the starting point.

6. Through a circle, as of friends or houses.

The invitations were sent round accordingly.

Sir W. Scott.

7. Roundly; fully; vigorously. [Obs.] Chaucer.

All round, over the whole place; in every direction. -- All-round, of general capacity; as, an all-round man. [Colloq.] -- To bring one round. (a) To cause one to change his opinions or line of conduct. (b) To restore one to health. [Colloq.]

Round (?), prep. On every side of, so as to encompass or encircle; around; about; as, the people atood round him; to go round the city; to wind a cable round a windlass.

The serpent Error twines round human hearts.

Cowper.

Round about, an emphatic form for round or about. "Moses . . . set them [The elders] round about the tabernacle." Num. xi. 24. -- To come round, to gain the consent of, or circumvent, (a person) by flattery or deception. [Colloq.]

Round, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rounded; p. pr. & vb. n. Rounding.] 1. To make circular, spherical, or cylindrical; to give a round or convex figure to; as, to round a silver coin; to round the edges of anything.

Worms with many feet, which round themselves into balls, are bred chiefly under logs of timber.

Bacon.

The figures on our modern medals are raised and rounded to a very great perfection.

Addison.

2. To surround; to encircle; to encompass.

The inclusive verge Of golden metal that must round my brow.

Shak.

3. To bring to fullness or completeness; to complete; hence, to bring to a fit conclusion.

We are such stuff As dreams are made on, and our little life Is rounded with a sleep.

Shak.

4. To go round wholly or in part; to go about (a corner or point); as, to round a corner; to round Cape Horn.

5. To make full, smooth, and flowing; as, to round periods in writing. Swift.

To round in (Naut.) To haul up; usually, to haul the slack of (a rope) through its leading block, or to haul up (a tackle which hangs loose) by its fall. Totten. (b) To collect together (cattle) by riding around them, as on cattle ranches. [Western U.S.]

Round, v. i. 1. To grow round or full; hence, to attain to fullness, completeness, or perfection.

The queen your mother rounds apace.

Shak.

So rounds he to a separate mind, From whence clear memory may begin.

Tennyson.

2. To go round, as a guard. [Poetic]

They . . . nightly rounding walk.

Milton.

3. To go or turn round; to wheel about. Tennyson.

To round to (Naut.), to turn the head of a ship toward the wind.

Round"a*bout` (?), a. 1. Circuitous; going round; indirect; as, roundabout speech.

We have taken a terrible roundabout road.

Burke.

2. Encircling; enveloping; comprehensive. "Large, sound, roundabout sense." Locke.

Round"a*bout`, n. 1. A horizontal wheel or frame, commonly with wooden horses, etc., on which children ride; a merry-go-round. Smart.

2. A dance performed in a circle. Goldsmith.

3. A short, close jacket worn by boys, sailors, etc.

4. A state or scene of constant change, or of recurring labor and vicissitude. Cowper.

Round"a*bout`ness, n. The quality of being roundabout; circuitousness.

Round"-arm` (?), a. (Cricket) Applied to the method delivering the ball in bowling, by swinging the arm horizontally. R. A. Proctor.

Round"-backed` (?), a. Having a round back or shoulders; round-shouldered.

Round"ed, a. (Phonetics) Modified by contraction of the lip opening; labialized; labial. See Guide to Pronunciation, § 11.

Roun"del (?), n. [OF. rondel a roundelay, F. rondel, rondeau, a dim. fr. rond; for sense 2, cf. F. rondelle a round, a round shield. See Round, a., and cf. Rondel, Rondelay.] 1. (Mus.) A rondelay. "Sung all the roundel lustily." Chaucer.

Come, now a roundel and a fairy song.

Shak.

2. Anything having a round form; a round figure; a circle.

The Spaniards, casting themselves into roundels, . . . made a flying march to Calais.

Bacon.

Specifically: (a) A small circular shield, sometimes not more than a foot in diameter, used by soldiers in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. (b) (Her.) A circular spot; a sharge in the form of a small circle. (c) (Fort.) A bastion of a circular form.

Round"e*lay (?), n. [OF. rondelet, dim. of rondel. See Roundel, Roundeau, and cf. Roundlet, Rundlet.] 1. (Poetry) See Rondeau, and Rondel.

2. (Mus.) (a) A tune in which a simple strain is often repeated; a simple rural strain which is short and lively. Spenser. Tennyson. (b) A dance in a circle.

3. Anything having a round form; a roundel.

Round"er (?), n. 1. One who rounds; one who comes about frequently or regularly.

2. A tool for making an edge or surface round.

3. pl. An English game somewhat resembling baseball; also, another English game resembling the game of fives, but played with a football.

Now we play rounders, and then we played prisoner's base.

Bagehot.

Round"fish (?), n. (Zoöl.) (a) Any ordinary market fish, exclusive of flounders, sole, halibut, and other flatfishes. (b) A lake whitefish (Coregonus quadrilateralis), less compressed than the common species. It is very abundant in British America and Alaska.

Round"head` (?), n. (Eng. Hist.) A nickname for a Puritan. See Roundheads, the, in the Dictionary of Noted Names in Fiction. Toone.

Round"head`ed, a. Having a round head or top.

Round"house` (?), n. 1. A constable's prison; a lockup, watch-house, or station house. [Obs.]

2. (Naut.) (a) A cabin or apartament on the after part of the quarter-deck, having the poop for its roof; -- sometimes called the coach. (b) A privy near the bow of the vessel.

3. A house for locomotive engines, built circularly around a turntable.

Round"ing, a. Round or nearly round; becoming round; roundish.

Round"ing, n. 1. (Naut.) Small rope, or strands of rope, or spun yarn, wound round a rope to keep it from chafing; -- called also service.

2. (Phonetics) Modifying a speech sound by contraction of the lip opening; labializing; labialization. See Guide to Pronunciation, § 11.

Round"ish, a. Somewhat round; as, a roundish seed; a roundish figure. -- Round"ish*ness, n.

Round"let (?), n. A little circle. J. Gregory.

Round"ly, adv. 1. In a round form or manner.

2. Openly; boldly; peremptorily; plumply.

He affirms everything roundly.

Addison.

3. Briskly; with speed. locke.

Two of the outlaws walked roundly forward.

Sir W. Scott.

4. Completely; vigorously; in earnest. Shak.

5. Without regard to detail; in gross; comprehensively; generally; as, to give numbers roundly.

In speaking roundly of this period.

H. Morley.

Round"ness, n. 1. The quality or state of being round in shape; as, the roundness of the globe, of the orb of the sun, of a ball, of a bowl, a column, etc.

2. Fullness; smoothness of flow; as, the roundness of a period; the roundness of a note; roundness of tone.

3. Openess; plainess; boldness; positiveness; as, the roundness of an assertion.

Syn. -- Circularity; sphericity; globosity; globularity; globularness; orbicularness; cylindricity; fullness; plumpness; rotundity.

Round"ridge` (?), v. t. (Agric.) To form into round ridges by plowing. B. Edwards.

Round"-shoul`dered (?), a. Having the shoulders stooping or projecting; round-backed.

Rounds"man (?), n.; pl. Roundsmen (&?;). A patrolman; also, a policeman who acts as an inspector over the rounds of the patrolmen.

Round"top` (?), n. (Naut.) A top; a platform at a masthead; -- so called because formerly round in shape.

Round"-up` (?), n. The act of collecting or gathering together scattered cattle by riding around them and driving them in. [Western U.S.]

Roun"dure (?; 135), n. [Cf. Rondure.] Roundness; a round or circle. [Obs.] Shak.

Round"worm` (?), n. (Zoöl.) A nematoid worm.

Round"y (?), a. Round. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.

Roup (?), v. i. & t. [Cf. AS. hr&?;pan to cry out, G. rufen, Goth. hr&?;pian. Cf. Roop.] To cry or shout; hence, to sell by auction. [Scot.] Jamieson.

Roup, n. 1. An outcry; hence, a sale of gods by auction. [Scot.] Jamieson.

To roup, that is, the sale of his crops, was over.

J. C. Shairp.

2. A disease in poultry. See Pip.

Rous"ant (?), a. (her.) Rising; -- applied to a bird in the attitude of rising; also, sometmes, to a bird in profile with wings addorsed.

Rouse (rouz or rous), v. i. & t. [Perhaps the same word as rouse to start up, "buckle to."] (Naut.) To pull or haul strongly and all together, as upon a rope, without the assistance of mechanical appliances.

Rouse (rouz), n. [Cf. D. roes drunkeness, icel. r&?;ss, Sw. rus, G. rauchen, and also E. rouse, v.t., rush, v.i. Cf. Row a disturbance.] 1. A bumper in honor of a toast or health. [Obs.] Shak.

2. A carousal; a festival; a drinking frolic.

Fill the cup, and fill the can, Have a rouse before the morn.

Tennyson.

Rouse, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Roused (rouzd); p. pr. & vb. n. Rousing.] [Probably of Scan. origin; cf. Sw. rusa to rush, Dan. ruse, AS. hreósan to fall, rush. Cf. Rush, v.] 1. To cause to start from a covert or lurking place; as, to rouse a deer or other animal of the chase.

Like wild boars late roused out of the brakes.

Spenser.

Rouse the fleet hart, and cheer the opening hound.

Pope.

2. To wake from sleep or repose; as, to rouse one early or suddenly.

3. To excite to lively thought or action from a state of idleness, languor, stupidity, or indifference; as, to rouse the faculties, passions, or emotions.

To rouse up a people, the most phlegmatic of any in Christendom.

Atterbury.

4. To put in motion; to stir up; to agitate.

Blustering winds, which all night long Had roused the sea.

Milton.

5. To raise; to make erect. [Obs.] Spenser. Shak.

Rouse, v. i. 1. To get or start up; to rise. [Obs.]

Night's black agents to their preys do rouse.

Shak.

2. To awake from sleep or repose.

Morpheus rouses from his bed.

Pope.

3. To be exited to thought or action from a state of indolence or inattention.

Rous"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, rouses.

2. Something very exciting or great. [Colloq.]

3. (Brewing) A stirrer in a copper for boiling wort.

Rous"ing (?), a. 1. Having power to awaken or excite; exciting.

I begin to feel Some rousing motions in me.

Milton.

2. Very great; violent; astounding; as, a rousing fire; a rousing lie. [Colloq.]

Rous"ing*ly, adv. In a rousing manner.

Rous*sette" (?), n. [F.; -- so called in allusion to the color. See Russet.] 1. (Zoöl.) A fruit bat, especially the large species (Pieropus vulgaris) inhabiting the islands of the Indian ocean. It measures about a yard across the expanded wings.

2. (Zoöl.) Any small shark of the genus Scyllium; -- called also dogfish. See Dogfish.

Roust (roust), v. t. To rouse; to disturb; as, to roust one out. [Prov. Eng. & Local, U.S.]

Roust, n. [Cf. Icel. röst an estuary.] A strong tide or current, especially in a narrow channel. [Written also rost, and roost.] Jamieson.

Roust"a*bout` (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] A laborer, especially a deck hand, on a river steamboat, who moves the cargo, loads and unloads wood, and the like; in an opprobrious sense, a shiftless vagrant who lives by chance jobs. [Western U.S.]

Rout (rout), v. i. [AS. hrtan.] To roar; to bellow; to snort; to snore loudly. [Obs. or Scot.] Chaucer.

Rout, n. A bellowing; a shouting; noise; clamor; uproar; disturbance; tumult. Shak.

This new book the whole world makes such a rout about.

Sterne.

"My child, it is not well," I said, "Among the graves to shout; To laugh and play among the dead, And make this noisy rout."

Trench.

Rout, v. t. [A variant of root.] To scoop out with a gouge or other tool; to furrow.

To rout out (a) To turn up to view, as if by rooting; to discover; to find. (b) To turn out by force or compulsion; as, to rout people out of bed. [Colloq.]

Rout, v. i. To search or root in the ground, as a swine. Edwards.

Rout, n. [OF. route, LL. rupta, properly, a breaking, fr. L. ruptus, p. p. of rumpere to break. See Rupture, reave, and cf. Rote repetition of forms, Route. In some senses this word has been confused with rout a bellowing, an uproar.] [Formerly spelled also route.] 1. A troop; a throng; a company; an assembly; especially, a traveling company or throng. [Obs.] "A route of ratones [rats]." Piers Plowman. "A great solemn route." Chaucer.

And ever he rode the hinderest of the route.

Chaucer.

A rout of people there assembled were.

Spenser.

2. A disorderly and tumultuous crowd; a mob; hence, the rabble; the herd of common people.

the endless routs of wretched thralls.

Spenser.

The ringleader and head of all this rout.

Shak.

Nor do I name of men the common rout.

Milton.

3. The state of being disorganized and thrown into confusion; -- said especially of an army defeated, broken in pieces, and put to flight in disorder or panic; also, the act of defeating and breaking up an army; as, the rout of the enemy was complete.

thy army . . . Dispersed in rout, betook them all to fly.

Daniel.

To these giad conquest, murderous rout to those.

pope.

4. (Law) A disturbance of the peace by persons assembled together with intent to do a thing which, if executed, would make them rioters, and actually making a motion toward the executing thereof. Wharton.

5. A fashionable assembly, or large evening party. "At routs and dances." Landor.

To put to rout, to defeat and throw into confusion; to overthrow and put to flight.

Rout, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Routed; p. pr. & vb. n. Routing.] To break the ranks of, as troops, and put them to flight in disorder; to put to rout.

That party . . . that charged the Scots, so totally routed and defeated their whole army, that they fied.

Clarendon.

Syn. -- To defeat; discomfit; overpower; overthrow.

Rout, v. i. To assemble in a crowd, whether orderly or disorderly; to collect in company. [obs.] Bacon.

In all that land no Christian[s] durste route.

Chaucer.

Route (rt or rout; 277), n. [OE. & F. route, OF. rote, fr. L. rupta (sc. via), fr. ruptus, p. p. of rumpere to break; hence, literally, a broken or beaten way or path. See Rout, and cf. Rut a track.] The course or way which is traveled or passed, or is to be passed; a passing; a course; a road or path; a march.

Wide through the furzy field their route they take.

Gay.

Rout"er (?), n. (Carp.) (a) A plane made like a spokeshave, for working the inside edges of circular sashes. (b) A plane with a hooked tool protruding far below the sole, for smoothing the bottom of a cavity.

Routhe (?), n. Ruth; sorrow. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Rou"ti*na*ry (?), a. Involving, or pertaining to, routine; ordinary; customary. [R.] Emerson.