Chapter 46

Rods"man (?), n.; pl. Rodsmen (&?;). One who carries and holds a leveling staff, or rod, in a surveying party. G. W. Cable.

Ro"dy (?), a. Ruddy. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Roe (?), n. [OE. ro, AS. rh; akin to D. ree, G. reh, Icel. r, SW. rå.] (Zoöl.) (a) A roebuck. See Roebuck. (b) The female of any species of deer.

Roe, n. [For roan, OE. rowne, akin to G. rogen, OHG. rogan, Icel. hrogn, Dan. rogn, ravn, Sw. rom; of uncertain origin; cf. Gr. &?;&?;&?; pebble, Skr. &?;arkar gravel.] 1. (Zoöl.) The ova or spawn of fishes and amphibians, especially when still inclosed in the ovarian membranes. Sometimes applied, loosely, to the sperm and the testes of the male.

2. A mottled appearance of light and shade in wood, especially in mahogany.

Roe"buck` (?), n. [1st roe + buck.] (Zoöl.) A small European and Asiatic deer (Capreolus capræa) having erect, cylindrical, branched antlers, forked at the summit. This, the smallest European deer, is very nimble and graceful. It always prefers a mountainous country, or high grounds.

Roed (?), a. (Zoöl.) Filled with roe.

Roe"deer` (?), n. (Zoöl.) The roebuck.

Roe"stone` (?), n. (Min.) Same as Oölite.

Ro*ga"tion (?), n. [L. rogatio, fr. rogare, rogatum, to ask, beg, supplicate: cf. F. rogation. Cf. Abrogate, Arrogant, Probogue.] 1. (Rom. Antiq.) The demand, by the consuls or tribunes, of a law to be passed by the people; a proposed law or decree.

2. (Eccl.) Litany; supplication.

He perfecteth the rogations or litanies before in use.

Hooker.

Rogation days (Eccl.), the three days which immediately precede Ascension Day; -- so called as being days on which the people, walking in procession, sang litanies of special supplication. -- Rogation flower (Bot.), a European species of milkwort (Polygala vulgaris); -- so called from its former use for garlands in Rogation week. Dr. Prior. -- Rogation week, the second week before Whitsunday, in which the Rogation days occur.

Rog"a*to*ry (?), a. [See Rogation.] Seeking information; authorized to examine witnesses or ascertain facts; as, a rogatory commission. Woolsey.

Rogue (?), n. [F. rogue proud, haughty, supercilious; cf. Icel. hr&?;kr a rook, croaker (cf. Rook a bird), or Armor. rok, rog, proud, arogant.] 1. (Eng.Law) A vagrant; an idle, sturdy beggar; a vagabond; a tramp.

The phrase rogues and vagabonds is applied to a large class of wandering, disorderly, or dissolute persons. They were formerly punished by being whipped and having the gristle of the right ear bored with a hot iron.

2. A deliberately dishonest person; a knave; a cheat.

The rogue and fool by fits is fair and wise.

Pope.

3. One who is pleasantly mischievous or frolicsome; hence, often used as a term of endearment.

Ah, you sweet little rogue, you!

Shak.

4. An elephant that has separated from a herd and roams about alone, in which state it is very savage.

5. (Hort.) A worthless plant occuring among seedlings of some choice variety.

Rogues' gallery, a collection of portraits of rogues or criminals, for the use of the police authorities. -- Rogue's march, derisive music performed in driving away a person under popular indignation or official sentence, as when a soldier is drummed out of a regiment. -- Rogue's yarn, yarn of a different twist and color from the rest, inserted into the cordage of the British navy, to identify it if stolen, or for the purpose of tracing the maker in case of defect. Different makers are required to use yarns of different colors.

Rogue, v. i. To wander; to play the vagabond; to play knavish tricks. [Obs.] Spenser.

Rogue, v. t. 1. To give the name or designation of rogue to; to decry. [Obs.] Cudworth.

2. (Hort.) To destroy (plants that do not come up to a required standard).

Rogu"er*y (?), n. 1. The life of a vargant. [Obs.]

2. The practices of a rogue; knavish tricks; cheating; fraud; dishonest practices.

'Tis no scandal grown, For debt and roguery to quit the town.

Dryden.

3. Arch tricks; mischievousness.

Rogue"ship (?), n. The quality or state of being a rogue. [Jocose] "Your rogueship." Dryden.

Rogu"ish, a. 1. Vagrant. [Obs.] Spenser.

His roguish madness Allows itself to anything.

Shak.

2. Resembling, or characteristic of, a rogue; knavish.

3. Pleasantly mischievous; waggish; arch.

The most bewitching leer with her eyes, the most roguish cast.

Dryden.

-- Rogu"ish*ly, adv. -- Rogu"ish*ness, n.

Rogu"y (?), a. Roguish. [Obs.] L'Estrange.

Ro"hob (?), n. An inspissated juice. See Rob.

Roi"al (?), a. Royal. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Roil (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Roiled; p. pr. & vb. n. Roiling.] [Cf. OE. roilen to wander; possibly fr. OF. roeler to roll, equiv. to F. rouler. See Roll, v., and cf. Rile.] 1. To render turbid by stirring up the dregs or sediment of; as, to roil wine, cider, etc. , in casks or bottles; to roil a spring.

2. To disturb, as the temper; to ruffle the temper of; to rouse the passion of resentment in; to perplex.

That his friends should believe it, was what roiled him [Judge Jeffreys] exceedingly.

R. North.

Provincial in England and colloquial in the United States. A commoner, but less approved, form is rile.

Roil, v. i. 1. To wander; to roam. [Obs.]

2. To romp. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Roil"y (?), a. Turbid; as, roily water.

Roin (?), v. t. See Royne. [Obs.]

Roin, n. [F. rogne. See Roynish.] A scab; a scurf, or scurfy spot. [Obs.]

Roin"ish, a. See Roynish. [Obs.]

Roint (?), interj. See Aroint.

Roist (?), v. i. See Roister.

Roist"er (?), v. i. [Probably fr. F. rustre boor, a clown, clownish, fr. L. rustucus rustic. See Rustic.] To bluster; to swagger; to bully; to be bold, noisy, vaunting, or turbulent.

I have a roisting challenge sent amongst The dull and factious nobles of the Greeks.

Shak.

Roist"er (?), n. See Roisterer.

Roist"er*er (?), n. A blustering, turbulent fellow.

If two roisterers met, they cocked their hats in each other faces.

Macaulay.

Roist"er*ly, a. Blustering; violent. [R.]

Roist"er*ly, adv. In a roistering manner. [R.]

Rok"am*bole (?), n. See Rocambole.

Roke (?), n. [See Reek.] 1. Mist; smoke; damp [Prov. Eng.] [Written also roak, rook, and rouk.]

2. A vein of ore. [Pov.Eng.] Halliwell.

{ Roke"age (?), Rok"ee (?), } n. [Cf. Nocake.] Parched Indian corn, pounded up and mixed with sugar; -- called also yokeage. [Local, U.S.]

Rok"e*lay (?), n. [Cf. Roquelaure.] A short cloak. [Written also rockelay, rocklay, etc.] [Scot.]

Rok"y (?), a. [See Roke.] Misty; foggy; cloudy. [Prov. Eng.] Ray.

Rôle (?), n. [F. See Roll.] A part, or character, performed by an actor in a drama; hence, a part of function taken or assumed by any one; as, he has now taken the rôle of philanthropist.

Title rôle, the part, or character, which gives the title to a play, as the part of Hamlet in the play of that name.

Roll (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rolled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Rolling.] [OF. roeler, roler, F. rouler, LL. rotulare, fr. L. royulus, rotula, a little wheel, dim. of rota wheel; akin to G. rad, and to Skr. ratha car, chariot. Cf. Control, Roll, n., Rotary.] 1. To cause to revolve by turning over and over; to move by turning on an axis; to impel forward by causing to turn over and over on a supporting surface; as, to roll a wheel, a ball, or a barrel.

2. To wrap round on itself; to form into a spherical or cylindrical body by causing to turn over and over; as, to roll a sheet of paper; to roll parchment; to roll clay or putty into a ball.

3. To bind or involve by winding, as in a bandage; to inwrap; -- often with up; as, to roll up a parcel.

4. To drive or impel forward with an easy motion, as of rolling; as, a river rolls its waters to the ocean.

The flood of Catholic reaction was rolled over Europe.

J. A. Symonds.

5. To utter copiously, esp. with sounding words; to utter with a deep sound; -- often with forth, or out; as, to roll forth some one's praises; to roll out sentences.

Who roll'd the psalm to wintry skies.

Tennyson.

6. To press or level with a roller; to spread or form with a roll, roller, or rollers; as, to roll a field; to roll paste; to roll steel rails, etc.

7. To move, or cause to be moved, upon, or by means of, rollers or small wheels.

8. To beat with rapid, continuous strokes, as a drum; to sound a roll upon.

9. (Geom.) To apply (one line or surface) to another without slipping; to bring all the parts of (one line or surface) into successive contact with another, in suck manner that at every instant the parts that have been in contact are equal.

10. To turn over in one's mind; to revolve.

Full oft in heart he rolleth up and down The beauty of these florins new and bright.

Chaucer.

To roll one's self, to wallow. -- To roll the eye, to direct its axis hither and thither in quick succession. -- To roll one's r's, to utter the letter r with a trill. [Colloq.]

Roll, v. i. 1. To move, as a curved object may, along a surface by rotation without sliding; to revolve upon an axis; to turn over and over; as, a ball or wheel rolls on the earth; a body rolls on an inclined plane.

And her foot, look you, is fixed upon a spherical stone, which rolls, and rolls, and rolls.

Shak.

2. To move on wheels; as, the carriage rolls along the street. "The rolling chair." Dryden.

3. To be wound or formed into a cylinder or ball; as, the cloth rolls unevenly; the snow rolls well.

4. To fall or tumble; -- with over; as, a stream rolls over a precipice.

5. To perform a periodical revolution; to move onward as with a revolution; as, the rolling year; ages roll away.

6. To turn; to move circularly.

And his red eyeballs roll with living fire.

Dryden.

7. To move, as waves or billows, with alternate swell and depression.

What different sorrows did within thee roll.

Prior.

8. To incline first to one side, then to the other; to rock; as, there is a great difference in ships about rolling; in a general semse, to be tossed about.

Twice ten tempestuous nights I rolled.

Pope.

9. To turn over, or from side to side, while lying down; to wallow; as, a horse rolls.

10. To spread under a roller or rolling-pin; as, the paste rolls well.

11. To beat a drum with strokes so rapid that they can scarcely be distinguished by the ear.

12. To make a loud or heavy rumbling noise; as, the thunder rolls.

To roll about, to gad abroad. [Obs.]

Man shall not suffer his wife go roll about.

Chaucer.

Roll, n. [F. rôle a roll (in sense 3), fr. L. rotulus &?; little wheel, LL., a roll, dim. of L. rota a wheel. See Roll, v., and cf. Rôle, Rouleau, Roulette.] 1. The act of rolling, or state of being rolled; as, the roll of a ball; the roll of waves.

2. That which rolls; a roller. Specifically: (a) A heavy cylinder used to break clods. Mortimer. (b) One of a set of revolving cylinders, or rollers, between which metal is pressed, formed, or smoothed, as in a rolling mill; as, to pass rails through the rolls.

3. That which is rolled up; as, a roll of fat, of wool, paper, cloth, etc. Specifically: (a) A document written on a piece of parchment, paper, or other materials which may be rolled up; a scroll.

Busy angels spread The lasting roll, recording what we say.

Prior.

<! p. 1249 !>

(b) Hence, an official or public document; a register; a record; also, a catalogue; a list.

The rolls of Parliament, the entry of the petitions, answers, and transactions in Parliament, are extant.

Sir M. Hale.

The roll and list of that army doth remain.

Sir J. Davies.

(c) A quantity of cloth wound into a cylindrical form; as, a roll of carpeting; a roll of ribbon. (d) A cylindrical twist of tobacco.

4. A kind of shortened raised biscuit or bread, often rolled or doubled upon itself.

5. (Naut.) The oscillating movement of a vessel from side to side, in sea way, as distinguished from the alternate rise and fall of bow and stern called pitching.

6. A heavy, reverberatory sound; as, the roll of cannon, or of thunder.

7. The uniform beating of a drum with strokes so rapid as scarcely to be distinguished by the ear.

8. Part; office; duty; rôle. [Obs.] L'Estrange.

Long roll (Mil.), a prolonged roll of the drums, as the signal of an attack by the enemy, and for the troops to arrange themselves in line. -- Master of the rolls. See under Master. -- Roll call, the act, or the time, of calling over a list names, as among soldiers. -- Rolls of court, of parliament (or of any public body), the parchments or rolls on which the acts and proceedings of that body are engrossed by the proper officer, and which constitute the records of such public body. -- To call the roll, to call off or recite a list or roll of names of persons belonging to an organization, in order to ascertain who are present or to obtain responses from those present.

Syn. -- List; schedule; catalogue; register; inventory. See List.

Roll"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being rolled.

Roll"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, rolls; especially, a cylinder, sometimes grooved, of wood, stone, metal, etc., used in husbandry and the arts.

2. A bandage; a fillet; properly, a long and broad bandage used in surgery.

3. (Naut.) One of series of long, heavy waves which roll in upon a coast, sometimes in calm weather.

4. A long, belt-formed towel, to be suspended on a rolling cylinder; -- called also roller towel.

5. (Print.) A cylinder coated with a composition made principally of glue and molassess, with which forms of type are inked previously to taking an impression from them. W. Savage.

6. A long cylinder on which something is rolled up; as, the roller of a man.

7. A small wheel, as of a caster, a roller skate, etc.

8. (Zoöl.) ANy insect whose larva rolls up leaves; a leaf roller. see Tortrix.

9. [CF. F. rollier.] (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of Old World picarian birds of the family Coraciadæ. The name alludes to their habit of suddenly turning over or "tumbling" in flight.

Many of the species are brilliantly colored. The common European species (Coracias garrula) has the head, neck, and under parts light blue varied with green, the scapulars chestnut brown, and the tail blue, green, and black. The broad-billed rollers of India and Africa belong to the genus Eurystomus, as the oriental roller (E. orientalis), and the Australian roller, or dollar bird (E. Pacificus). The latter is dark brown on the head and neck, sea green on the back, and bright blue on the throat, base of the tail, and parts of the wings. It has a silvery-white spot on the middle of each wing.

10. (Zoöl.) Any species of small ground snakes of the family Tortricidæ.

Ground roller (Zoöl.), any one of several species of Madagascar rollers belonging to Atelornis and allied genera. They are nocturnal birds, and feed on the ground. -- Roller bolt, the bar in a carriage to which the traces are attached; a whiffletree. [Eng.] -- Roller gin, a cotton gin inn which rolls are used for separating the seeds from the fiber. -- Roller mill. See under Mill. -- Roller skate, a skate which has small wheels in the place of the metallic runner; -- designed for use in skating upon a smooth, hard surface, other than ice.

Roll"ey (-), n. [Probably fr. roll.] A small wagon used for the underground work of a mine. Tomlison.

Rol"lic (rl"lk), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Rollicked (-lkt); p. pr. & vb. n. Rollicking.] [Corrupt. fr. frolic, under the influence of roll.] To move or play in a careless, swaggering manner, with a frolicsome air; to frolic; to sport; commonly in the form rollicking. [Colloq.]

He described his friends as rollicking blades.

T. Hook.

Roll"ing (?), a. 1. Rotating on an axis, or moving along a surface by rotation; turning over and over as if on an axis or a pivot; as, a rolling wheel or ball.

2. Moving on wheels or rollers, or as if on wheels or rollers; as, a rolling chair.

3. Having gradual, rounded undulations of surface; as, a rolling country; rolling land. [U.S.]

Rolling bridge. See the Note under Drawbridge. -- Rolling circle of a paddle wheel, the circle described by the point whose velocity equals the velocity of the ship. J. Bourne. -- Rolling fire (Mil.), a discharge of firearms by soldiers in line, in quick succession, and in the order in which they stand. -- Rolling friction, that resistance to motion experienced by one body rolling upon another which arises from the roughness or other quality of the surfaces in contact. -- Rolling mill, a mill furnished with heavy rolls, between which heated metal is passed, to form it into sheets, rails, etc. -- Rolling press. (a) A machine for calendering cloth by pressure between revolving rollers. (b) A printing press with a roller, used in copperplate printing. -- Rolling stock, or Rolling plant, the locomotives and vehicles of a railway. -- Rolling tackle (Naut.), tackle used to steady the yards when the ship rolls heavily. R. H. Dana, Jr.

Roll"ing-pin` (?), n. A cylindrical piece of wood or other material, with which paste or dough may be rolled out and reduced to a proper thickness.

Roll"way` (?), n. A place prepared for rolling logs into a stream.

Roll"y-po`ly (?), n. A kind of pudding made of paste spread with fruit, rolled into a cylindrical form, and boiled or steamed. -- a. Shaped like a rolly-poly; short and stout. [Written also roly- poly.]

Roll"y-pool`y (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] A game in which a ball, rolling into a certain place, wins. [Written also rouly-pouly.]

Ro"ly-po`ly (?), n. & a. Rolly- poly.

Rom"age (?), n. & v. See Rummage. [Obs.] Shak.

Ro*ma"ic (?), a. [NGr. &?;&?;&?;&?;: cf. F. romaïque. See Roman.] Of or relating to modern Greece, and especially to its language. -- n. The modern Greek language, now usually called by the Greeks Hellenic or Neo-Hellenic.

The Greeks at the time of the capture of Constantinople were proud of being "Romai^oi, or Romans . . . Hence the term Romaic was the name given to the popular language. . . . The Greek language is now spoken of as the Hellenic language. Encyc. Brit.

Ro"man (?), a. [L. Romanus, fr. Roma Rome: cf. F. romain. Cf. Romaic, Romance, Romantic.] 1. Of or pertaining to Rome, or the Roman people; like or characteristic of Rome, the Roman people, or things done by Romans; as, Roman fortitude; a Roman aqueduct; Roman art.

2. Of or pertaining to the Roman Catholic religion; professing that religion.

3. (Print.) (a) Upright; erect; -- said of the letters or kind of type ordinarily used, as distinguished from Italic characters. (b) Expressed in letters, not in figures, as I., IV., i., iv., etc.; -- said of numerals, as distinguished from the Arabic numerals, 1, 4, etc.

Roman alum (Chem.), a cubical potassium alum formerly obtained in large quantities from Italian alunite, and highly valued by dyers on account of its freedom from iron. -- Roman balance, a form of balance nearly resembling the modern steelyard. See the Note under Balance, n., 1. -- Roman candle, a kind of firework (generally held in the hand), characterized by the continued emission of shower of sparks, and the ejection, at intervals, of brilliant balls or stars of fire which are thrown upward as they become ignited. -- Roman Catholic, of, pertaining to, or the religion of that church of which the pope is the spiritual head; as, a Roman Catholic priest; the Roman Catholic Church. -- Roman cement, a cement having the property of hardening under water; a species of hydraulic cement. -- Roman law. See under Law. -- Roman nose, a nose somewhat aquiline. -- Roman ocher, a deep, rich orange color, transparent and durable, used by artists. Ure. -- Roman order (Arch.), the composite order. See Composite, a., 2.

Ro"man, n. 1. A native, or permanent resident, of Rome; a citizen of Rome, or one upon whom certain rights and privileges of a Roman citizen were conferred.

2. Roman type, letters, or print, collectively; -- in distinction from Italics.

Ro*mance" (?), n. [OE. romance, romant, romaunt, OF. romanz, romans, romant, roman, F. roman, romance, fr. LL. Romanice in the Roman language, in the vulgar tongue, i. e., in the vulgar language which sprang from Latin, the language of the Romans, and hence applied to fictitious compositions written in this vulgar tongue; fr. L. Romanicus Roman, fr. Romanus. See Roman, and cf. Romanic, Romaunt, Romansch, Romanza.] 1. A species of fictitious writing, originally composed in meter in the Romance dialects, and afterward in prose, such as the tales of the court of Arthur, and of Amadis of Gaul; hence, any fictitious and wonderful tale; a sort of novel, especially one which treats of surprising adventures usually befalling a hero or a heroine; a tale of extravagant adventures, of love, and the like. "Romances that been royal." Chaucer.

Upon these three columns -- chivalry, gallantry, and religion -- repose the fictions of the Middle Ages, especially those known as romances. These, such as we now know them, and such as display the characteristics above mentioned, were originally metrical, and chiefly written by nations of the north of France.

Hallam.

2. An adventure, or series of extraordinary events, resembling those narrated in romances; as, his courtship, or his life, was a romance.

3. A dreamy, imaginative habit of mind; a disposition to ignore what is real; as, a girl full of romance.

4. The languages, or rather the several dialects, which were originally forms of popular or vulgar Latin, and have now developed into Italian. Spanish, French, etc. (called the Romanic languages).

5. (Mus.) A short lyric tale set to music; a song or short instrumental piece in ballad style; a romanza.

Syn. -- Fable; novel; fiction; tale.

Ro*mance", a. Of or pertaining to the language or dialects known as Romance.

Ro*mance", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Romanced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Romancing (?).] To write or tell romances; to indulge in extravagant stories.

A very brave officer, but apt to romance.

Walpole.

Ro*man"cer (?), n. One who romances.

Ro*man"cist (?), n. A romancer. [R.]

Ro*man"cy (?), a. Romantic. [R.]

Ro`man*esque" (?), a. [F. romanesque; cf. It. romanesco.] 1. (Arch.) Somewhat resembling the Roman; -- applied sometimes to the debased style of the later Roman empire, but esp. to the more developed architecture prevailing from the 8th century to the 12th.

2. Of or pertaining to romance or fable; fanciful.

Romanesque style (Arch.), that which grew up from the attempts of barbarous people to copy Roman architecture and apply it to their own purposes. This term is loosely applied to all the styles of Western Europe, from the fall of the Western Roman Empire to the appearance of Gothic architecture.

Ro`man*esque", n. Romanesque style.

Ro*man"ic (?), a. [L. Romanicus. See Romance, n.] 1. Of or pertaining to Rome or its people.

2. Of or pertaining to any or all of the various languages which, during the Middle Ages, sprung out of the old Roman, or popular form of Latin, as the Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, French, Provencal, etc.

3. Related to the Roman people by descent; -- said especially of races and nations speaking any of the Romanic tongues.

Romanic spelling, spelling by means of the letters of the Roman alphabet, as in English; -- contrasted with phonetic spelling.

Ro"man*ish (?), a. Pertaining to Romanism.

Ro"man*ism (?), n. The tenets of the Church of Rome; the Roman Catholic religion.

Ro"man*ist, n. One who adheres to Romanism.

Ro"man*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Romanized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Romanizing (?).] 1. To Latinize; to fill with Latin words or idioms. [R.] Dryden.

2. To convert to the Roman Catholic religion.

Ro"man*ize, v. i. 1. To use Latin words and idioms. "Apishly Romanizing." Milton.

2. To conform to Roman Catholic opinions, customs, or modes of speech.

Ro"man*i`zer (?), n. One who Romanizes.

Ro*mansch" (?), n. [Grisons rumansch, rumonsch, romonsch. See Romance.] The language of the Grisons in Switzerland, a corruption of the Latin. [Written also Romansch, and Rumonsch.]

Ro*mant" (?), n. A romaunt. [Obs.]