Chapter 43

Rin"gle*stone` (?), n. (Zoöl.) The ringed dotterel, or ring plover. [Prov. Eng.]

Ring"let (?), n. [Ring + - let.] 1. A small ring; a small circle; specifically, a fairy ring.

You demi-puppets, that By moonshine do the green sour ringlets make, Whereof the ewe not bites.

Shak.

2. A curl; especially, a curl of hair.

[Her golden tresses] in wanton ringlets waved.

Milton.

Ring"man (?), n.; pl. Ringmen (&?;). The ring finger. [Obs.] Ascham

Ring"mas`ter (?), n. One in charge of the performances (as of horses) within the ring in a circus.

Ring"neck` (?), n. 1. (Zoöl.) Any one of several species of small plovers of the genus Ægialitis, having a ring around the neck. The ring is black in summer, but becomes brown or gray in winter. The semipalmated plover (Æ. semipalmata) and the piping plover (Æ. meloda) are common North American species. Called also ring plover, and ring-necked plover.

2. (Zoöl.) The ring-necked duck.

Ring"-necked` (?), a. (Zoöl.) Having a well defined ring of color around the neck.

Ring-necked duck (Zool.), an American scaup duck (Aythya collaris). The head, neck, and breast of the adult male are black, and a narrow, but conspicuous, red ring encircles the neck. This ring is absent in the female. Called also ring-neck, ring-necked blackhead, ringbill, tufted duck, and black jack.

Ring"sail` (?), n. (Naut.) See Ringtail, 2.

Ring"straked` (?), a. Ring- streaked.

Cattle ringstraked, speckled, and spotted.

Gen. xxx. 39.

Ring"-streaked` (?), a. Having circular streaks or lines on the body; as, ring-streaked goats.

Ring"tail` (?), n. 1. (Zoöl.) A bird having a distinct band of color across the tail, as the hen harrier.

2. (Naut.) A light sail set abaft and beyong the leech of a boom-and-gaff sail; -- called also ringsail.

Ringtail boom (Naut.), a spar which is rigged on a boom for setting a ringtail.

Ring"-tailed` (?), a. (Zoöl.) Having the tail crossed by conspicuous bands of color.

Ring-tailed cat (Zoöl.), the cacomixle. -- Ring-tailed eagle (Zoöl.), a young golden eagle.

Ring"toss` (?), n. A game in which the object is to toss a ring so that it will catch upon an upright stick.

Ring"worm" (?), n. (Med.) A contagious affection of the skin due to the presence of a vegetable parasite, and forming ring-shaped discolored patches covered with vesicles or powdery scales. It occurs either on the body, the face, or the scalp. Different varieties are distinguished as Tinea circinata, Tinea tonsurans, etc., but all are caused by the same parasite (a species of Trichophyton).

Rink (?), n. [Scot. renk, rink, rynk, a course, a race; probably fr. AS. hring a ring. See Ring.] 1. The smooth and level extent of ice marked off for the game of curling.

2. An artificial sheet of ice, generally under cover, used for skating; also, a floor prepared for skating on with roller skates, or a building with such a floor.

Rink"er, n. One who skates at a rink. [Colloq.]

Rink"ing, n. Skating in a rink. [Colloq.]

Rinse (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rinsed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Rinsing.] [OE., fr. OF. rincer, rimser, reinser, raïncier, F. rincer; of uncertain origin.] 1. To wash lightly; to cleanse with a second or repeated application of water after washing.

2. To cleancse by the introduction of water; - - applied especially to hollow vessels; as, to rinse a bottle. "Like a glass did break i' the rinsing." Shak.

Rinse, n. The act of rinsing.

Rins"er (?), n. One who, or that which, rinses.

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Ri"ot (?), n. [OF. riote, of uncertain origin; cf. OD. revot, ravot.] 1. Wanton or unrestrained behavior; uproar; tumult.

His headstrong riot hath no curb.

Shak.

2. Excessive and exxpensive feasting; wild and loose festivity; revelry.

Venus loveth riot and dispense.

Chaucer.

The lamb thy riot dooms to bleed to- day.

Pope.

3. (Law) The tumultuous disturbance of the public peace by an unlawful assembly of three or more persons in the execution of some private object.

To run riot, to act wantonly or without restraint.

Ri"ot (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Rioted; p. pr. & vb. n. Rioting.] [OF. rioter; cf. OD. ravotten.] 1. To engage in riot; to act in an unrestrained or wanton manner; to indulge in excess of luxury, feasting, or the like; to revel; to run riot; to go to excess.

Now he exact of all, wastes in delight, Riots in pleasure, and neglects the law.

Daniel.

No pulse that riots, and no blood that glows.

Pope.

2. (Law) To disturb the peace; to raise an uproar or sedition. See Riot, n., 3. Johnson.

Ri"ot, v. t. To spend or pass in riot.

[He] had rioted his life out.

Tennyson.

Ri"ot*er (?), n. 1. One who riots; a reveler; a roisterer. Chaucer.

2. (Law) One who engages in a riot. See Riot, n., 3.

Ri"ot*ise (?), n. Excess; tumult; revelry. [Obs.]

His life he led in lawless riotise.

Spenser.

Ri"ot*our (-r), n. A rioter. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Ri"ot*ous (?), a. [OF. rioteux.] 1. Involving, or engaging in, riot; wanton; unrestrained; luxurious.

The younger son . . . took his journey into a far country, and there wasted his substance with riotous living.

Luke xv. 13.

2. Partaking of the nature of an unlawful assembly or its acts; seditious.

-- Ri"ot*ous*ly, adv. -- Ri"ot*ous*ness, n.

Ri"ot*ry (?), n. The act or practice of rioting; riot. "Electioneering riotry." Walpole.

Rip (?), n. [Cf. Icel. hrip a box or basket; perhaps akin to E. corb. Cf. Ripier.] A wicker fish basket.

Rip, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ripped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ripping.] [Cf. AS. rpan, also Sw. repa to ripple flax, D. repelen, G. reffen, riffeln, and E. raff, raffle. Cf. Raff, Ripple of flax.] 1. To divide or separate the parts of, by cutting or tearing; to tear or cut open or off; to tear off or out by violence; as, to rip a garment by cutting the stitches; to rip off the skin of a beast; to rip up a floor; -- commonly used with up, open, off.

2. To get by, or as by, cutting or tearing.

He 'll rip the fatal secret from her heart.

Granville.

3. To tear up for search or disclosure, or for alteration; to search to the bottom; to discover; to disclose; -- usually with up.

They ripped up all that had been done from the beginning of the rebellion.

Clarendon.

For brethern to debate and rip up their falling out in the ear of a common enemy . . . is neither wise nor comely.

Milton.

4. To saw (wood) lengthwise of the grain or fiber.

Ripping chisel (Carp.), a crooked chisel for cleaning out mortises. Knight. -- Ripping iron. (Shipbuilding) Same as Ravehook. -- Ripping saw. (Carp.) See Ripsaw. -- To rip out, to rap out, to utter hastily and violently; as, to rip out an oath. [Colloq.] See To rap out, under Rap, v. t.

Rip, n. 1. A rent made by ripping, esp. by a seam giving way; a tear; a place torn; laceration.

2. [Perh. a corruption of the first syllable of reprobate.] A term applied to a mean, worthless thing or person, as to a scamp, a debauchee, or a prostitute, or a worn-out horse. [Slang.]

3. A body of water made rough by the meeting of opposing tides or currents.

Ri*pa"ri*an (?), a. [L. riparius, fr. ripa a bank. See River, and cf. Arrive.] Of or pertaining to the bank of a river; as, riparian rights.

Ri*pa"ri*ous (?), a. [L. riparius.] Growing along the banks of rivers; riparian.

Ripe (rp), n. [L. ripa.] The bank of a river. [Obs.]

Ripe (rp), a. [Compar. Riper (-r); superl. Ripest.] [AS. rpe; akin to OS. rpi, D. rijp, G. rief, OHG. rft; cf. AS. rp harvest, rpan to reap. Cf. Reap.] 1. Ready for reaping or gathering; having attained perfection; mature; -- said of fruits, seeds, etc.; as, ripe grain.

So mayst thou live, till, like ripe fruit, thou drop Into thy mother's lap.

Milton.

2. Advanced to the state of fitness for use; mellow; as, ripe cheese; ripe wine.

3. Having attained its full development; mature; perfected; consummate. "Ripe courage." Chaucer.

He was a scholar, and a ripe and good one.

Shak.

4. Maturated or suppurated; ready to discharge; -- said of sores, tumors, etc.

5. Ready for action or effect; prepared.

While things were just ripe for a war.

Addison.

I am not ripe to pass sentence on the gravest public bodies.

Burke.

6. Like ripened fruit in ruddiness and plumpness.

Those happy smilets, That played on her ripe lip.

Shak.

7. Intoxicated. [Obs.] "Reeling ripe." Shak.

Syn. -- Mature; complete; finished. See Mature.

Ripe, v. i. [AS. rpian.] To ripen; to grow ripe. [Obs.]

Ripe, v. t. To mature; to ripen. [Obs.] Shak.

Ripe"ly, adv. Maturely; at the fit time. Shak.

Rip"en (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Ripened (?);p. pr. & vb. n. Ripening.] 1. To grow ripe; to become mature, as grain, fruit, flowers, and the like; as, grapes ripen in the sun.

2. To approach or come to perfection.

Rip"en, v. t. 1. To cause to mature; to make ripe; as, the warm days ripened the corn.

2. To mature; to fit or prepare; to bring to perfection; as, to ripen the judgment.

When faith and love, which parted from thee never, Had ripined thy iust soul to dwell with God.

Milton.

Ripe"ness (?), n. [AS. rpness.] The state or quality of being ripe; maturity;; completeness; perfection; as, the ripeness of grain; ripeness of manhood; ripeness of judgment.

Time, which made them their fame outlive, To Cowley scarce did ripeness give.

Denham.

Ri*pid"o*lite (?), n. [Gr. &?;&?;&?;. &?;&?;&?;. fan + -lite.] (Min.) A translucent mineral of a green color and micaceous structure, belonging to the chlorite group; a hydrous silicate of alumina, magnesia, and iron; -- called also clinochlore.

Ri*pi*e"nist (?), n. (Mus.) A player in the ripieno portion of an orchestra. See Ripieno.

||Ri*pi*e"no (?), a. [It.] (Mus.) Filling up; supplementary; ||supernumerary; -- a term applied to those instruments which only ||swell the mass or tutti of an orchestra, but are not obbligato.

{ Rip"ler (?), Rip"per (?), } n. [Cf. Rip a basket, or Riparian.] (O.E. Law) One who brings fish from the seacoast to markets in inland towns. [Obs.]

But what's the action we are for now ? Robbing a ripper of his fish.

Beau. & Fl.

Ri*post" (?), n. [F. riposte.] 1. In fencing, a return thrust after a parry.

2. A quick and sharp refort; a repartee. J. Morley.

Rip"per (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, rips; a ripping tool.

2. A tool for trimming the edges of roofing slates.

3. Anything huge, extreme, startling, etc. [Slang.]

Rip"ple (?), n. [FRom Rip, v.] An implement, with teeth like those of a comb, for removing the seeds and seed vessels from flax, broom corn, etc.

Rip"ple, v. t. 1. To remove the seeds from (the stalks of flax, etc.), by means of a ripple.

2. Hence, to scratch or tear. Holland.

Rip"ple, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Rippled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Rippling (?).] [Cf. Rimple, Rumple.] 1. To become fretted or dimpled on the surface, as water when agitated or running over a rough bottom; to be covered with small waves or undulations, as a field of grain.

2. To make a sound as of water running gently over a rough bottom, or the breaking of ripples on the shore.

Rip"ple, v. t. To fret or dimple, as the surface of running water; to cover with small waves or undulations; as, the breeze rippled the lake.

Rip"ple, n. 1. The fretting or dimpling of the surface, as of running water; little curling waves.

2. A little wave or undulation; a sound such as is made by little waves; as, a ripple of laughter.

3. (physics) a small wave on the surface of water or other liquids for which the driving force is not gravity, but surface tension.

4. (Electrical engineering) the residual AC component in the DC current output from a rectifier, expressed as a percentage of the steady component of the current.

Ripple grass. (Bot.) See Ribwort. -- Ripple marks, a system of parallel ridges on sand, produced by wind, by the current of a steam, or by the agitation of wind waves; also (Geol.), a system of parallel ridges on the surface of a sandstone stratum.

Rip"ple-marked` (?), a. Having ripple marks.

Rip"plet (?), n. A small ripple.

Rip"pling*ly (?), adv. In a rippling manner.

Rip"ply (?), a. Having ripples; as, ripply water; hence, resembling the sound of rippling water; as, ripply laughter; a ripply cove. Keats.

Rip"rap` (?), n. [Cf. Rap.] (Masonry) A foundation or sustaining wall of stones thrown together without order, as in deep water or on a soft bottom.

Rip"rap`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Riprapped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Riprapping.] To form a riprap in or upon.

Rip"saw` (?), [See Rip, v. t., 4.] (Carp.) A handsaw with coarse teeth which have but a slight set, used for cutting wood in the direction of the fiber; -- called also ripping saw.

Rip"tow*el (?), n. [AS. rp. harvest + a word of uncertain etymology.] (Feud. Law) A gratuity given to tenants after they had reaped their lord's corn. [Obs.]

Ris (?), n. [AS. hrs; akin to D. rils, G. reis, OHG. hrs.] A bough or branch; a twig. [Obs.]

As white as is the blossom upon the ris.

Chaucer.

Rise (?), v. i. [imp. Rose (?); p. p. Risen (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Rising.] [AS. rsan; akin to OS. rsan, D. rijzen, OHG. rsan to rise, fall, Icel. rsa, Goth. urreisan, G. reise journey. CF. Arise, Raise, Rear, v.] 1. To move from a lower position to a higher; to ascend; to mount up. Specifically: -- (a) To go upward by walking, climbing, flying, or any other voluntary motion; as, a bird rises in the air; a fish rises to the bait.

(b) To ascend or float in a fluid, as gases or vapors in air, cork in water, and the like.

(c) To move upward under the influence of a projecting force; as, a bullet rises in the air.

(d) To grow upward; to attain a certain height; as, this elm rises to the height of seventy feet.

(e) To reach a higher level by increase of quantity or bulk; to swell; as, a river rises in its bed; the mercury rises in the thermometer.

(f) To become erect; to assume an upright position; as, to rise from a chair or from a fall.

(g) To leave one's bed; to arise; as, to rise early.

He that would thrive, must rise by five.

Old Proverb.

(h) To tower up; to be heaved up; as, the Alps rise far above the sea.

(i) To slope upward; as, a path, a line, or surface rises in this direction. "A rising ground." Dryden.

(j) To retire; to give up a siege.

He, rising with small honor from Gunza, . . . was gone.

Knolles.

(k) To swell or puff up in the process of fermentation; to become light, as dough, and the like.

2. To have the aspect or the effect of rising. Specifically: --

(a) To appear above the horizont, as the sun, moon, stars, and the like. "He maketh his sun to rise on the evil and the good." Matt. v. 45.

(b) To become apparent; to emerge into sight; to come forth; to appear; as, an eruption rises on the skin; the land rises to view to one sailing toward the shore.

(c) To become perceptible to other senses than sight; as, a noise rose on the air; odor rises from the flower.

(d) To have a beginning; to proceed; to originate; as, rivers rise in lakes or springs.

A scepter shall rise out of Israel.

Num. xxiv. 17.

Honor and shame from no condition rise.

Pope.

3. To increase in size, force, or value; to proceed toward a climax. Specifically: --

(a) To increase in power or fury; -- said of wind or a storm, and hence, of passion. "High winde . . . began to rise, high passions -- anger, hate." Milton.

(b) To become of higher value; to increase in price.

Bullion is risen to six shillings . . . the ounce.

Locke.

(c) To become larger; to swell; -- said of a boil, tumor, and the like.

(d) To increase in intensity; -- said of heat.

(e) To become louder, or higher in pitch, as the voice.

(f) To increase in amount; to enlarge; as, his expenses rose beyond his expectations.

4. In various figurative senses. Specifically: --

(a) To become excited, opposed, or hostile; to go to war; to take up arms; to rebel.

At our heels all hell should rise With blackest insurrection.

Milton.

No more shall nation against nation rise.

Pope.

(b) To attain to a better social position; to be promoted; to excel; to succeed.

Some rise by sin, and some by virtue fall.

Shak.

(c) To become more and more dignified or forcible; to increase in interest or power; -- said of style, thought, or discourse; as, to rise in force of expression; to rise in eloquence; a story rises in interest.

(d) To come to mind; to be suggested; to occur.

A thought rose in me, which often perplexes men of contemplative natures.

Spectator.

(e) To come; to offer itself.

There chanced to the prince's hand to rise An ancient book.

Spenser.

5. To ascend from the grave; to come to life.

But now is Christ risen from the dead.

1. Cor. xv. 20.

6. To terminate an official sitting; to adjourn; as, the committee rose after agreeing to the report.

It was near nine . . . before the House rose.

Macaulay.

7. To ascend on a musical scale; to take a higher pith; as, to rise a tone or semitone.

8. (Print.) To be lifted, or to admit of being lifted, from the imposing stone without dropping any of the type; -- said of a form.

Syn. -- To arise; mount; ascend; climb; scale. -- Rise, Appreciate. Some in America use the word appreciate for "rise in value;" as, stocks appreciate, money appreciates, etc. This use is not unknown in England, but it is less common there. It is undesirable, because rise sufficiently expresses the idea, and appreciate has its own distinctive meaning, which ought not to be confused with one so entirely different.

Rise (?), n. 1. The act of rising, or the state of being risen.

2. The distance through which anything rises; as, the rise of the thermometer was ten degrees; the rise of the river was six feet; the rise of an arch or of a step.

3. Land which is somewhat higher than the rest; as, the house stood on a rise of land. [Colloq.]

4. Spring; source; origin; as, the rise of a stream.

All wickednes taketh its rise from the heart.

R. Nelson.

5. Appearance above the horizon; as, the rise of the sun or of a planet. Shak.

6. Increase; advance; augmentation, as of price, value, rank, property, fame, and the like.

The rise or fall that may happen in his constant revenue by a Spanish war.

Sir W. Temple.

7. Increase of sound; a swelling of the voice.

The ordinary rises and falls of the voice.

Bacon.

8. Elevation or ascent of the voice; upward change of key; as, a rise of a tone or semitone.

9. The spring of a fish to seize food (as a fly) near the surface of the water.

Ris"en (?). 1. p. p. & a. from Rise. "Her risen Son and Lord." Keble.

2. Obs. imp. pl. of Rise. Chaucer.

Ris"er (?), n. 1. One who rises; as, an early riser.

2. (Arch.) (a) The upright piece of a step, from tread to tread. Hence: (b) Any small upright face, as of a seat, platform, veranda, or the like.

3. (Mining) A shaft excavated from below upward.

4. (Founding) A feed head. See under Feed, n.

Rish (?), n. A rush (the plant). [Obs.] Chaucer.

Ris`i*bil"i*ty (?), n. [CF. F. risibilité.] The quality of being risible; as, risibility is peculiar to the human species.

A strong and obvious disposition to risibility.

Sir W. Scott.

Ris"i*ble (?), a. [F., fr. L. risibilis, fr. ridere, risum, to laugh. Cf. Ridiculous.] 1. Having the faculty or power of laughing; disposed to laugh.

Laughing is our busines, . . . it has been made the definition of man that he is risible.

Dr. H. More.

2. Exciting laughter; worthy to be laughed at; amusing. "Risible absurdities." Johnson.

I hope you find nothing risible in my complaisance.

Sir W. Scott.

3. Used in, or expressing, laughter; as, risible muscles.

Risible is sometimes used as a noun, in the plural, for the feeling of amusement and for the muscles and other organs used in laughing, collectively; as, unable to control one's risibles.

Syn. -- Ludicrous; laughable; amusing; ridiculous -- Risible, Ludicrous, Ridiculous. Risible differs from ludicrous as species from genus; ludicrous expressing that which is playful and sportive; risible, that which may excite laughter. Risible differs from ridiculous, as the latter implies something contemptuous, and risible does not.

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--Ris"i*ble*ness(#), n. -- Ris"i*bly, adv.

Ris"ing (?), a. 1. Attaining a higher place; taking, or moving in, an upward direction; appearing above the horizon; ascending; as, the rising moon.

2. Increasing in wealth, power, or distinction; as, a rising state; a rising character.

Among the rising theologians of Germany.

Hare.

3. Growing; advancing to adult years and to the state of active life; as, the rising generation.

Ris"ing, prep. More than; exceeding; upwards of; as, a horse rising six years of age. [Colloq. & Low, U.S.]

Ris"ing, n. 1. The act of one who, or that which, rises (in any sense).

2. That which rises; a tumor; a boil. Lev. xiii. 10.

Rising main (Waterworks), the pipe through which water from an engine is delivered to an elevated reservoir.

Risk (?), n. [F. risque; cf. It. risco, risico, rischio, Pg. risco, Sp. riesgo, and also Sp. risco a steep rock; all probably fr. L. resceare to cut off; pref. re- re- + secare to cut; -- the word having been probably first used among sailors. See Section.] 1. Hazard; danger; peril; exposure to loss, injury, or destruction.

The imminent and constant risk of assassination, a risk which has shaken very strong nerves.

Macaulay.

2. (Com.) Hazard of loss; liabillity to loss in property.

To run a risk, to incur hazard; to encounter danger.

Syn. -- Danger; hazard; peril; jeopardy; exposure. See Danger.

Risk, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Risked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Risking.] [CF. F. risquer. See Risk, n.] 1. To expose to risk, hazard, or peril; to venture; as, to risk goods on board of a ship; to risk one's person in battle; to risk one's fame by a publication.

2. To incur the risk or danger of; as, to risk a battle.

Syn. -- To hazard; peril; endanger; jeopard.

Risk"er (?), n. One who risks or hazards. Hudibras.

Risk"ful (?), a. Risky. [R.] Geddes.

Risk"y (?), a. Attended with risk or danger; hazardous. "A risky matter." W. Collins.

Generalization are always risky.

Lowell.

Ri*so"ri*al (?), a.[L. ridere, risum, to laugh.] Pertaining to, or producing, laughter; as, the risorial muscles.

||Ri*sot"to (?), n. [It.] A kind of pottage.

Risse (?), obs. imp. of Rise. B. Jonson.

Ris"soid (?), n. [NL. Rissoa, the typical genus ( fr. A. Risso, an Italian naturalist) + - oid.] (Zoöl.) Any one of very numerous species of small spiral gastropods of the genus Rissoa, or family Rissoidæ, found both in fresh and salt water.

||Ris`sole" (?), n. [F., fr. rissoler to fry meat till it is brown.] ||(Cookery) A small ball of rich minced meat or fish, covered with ||pastry and fried.

Rist (?), obs. 3d pers. sing. pres. of Rise, contracted from riseth. Chaucer.

Rit (?), obs. 3d pers. sing. pres. of Ride, contracted from rideth. Chaucer.

||Ri`tar*dan"do (?), a. [It.] (Mus.) Retarding; -- a direction for ||slower time; rallentado.

Rite (?), n. [L. ritus; cf. Skr. rti a stream, a running, way, manner, ri to flow: cf. F. rit, rite. CF. Rivulet.] The act of performing divine or solemn service, as established by law, precept, or custom; a formal act of religion or other solemn duty; a solemn observance; a ceremony; as, the rites of freemasonry.

He looked with indifference on rites, names, and forms of ecclesiastical polity.

Macaulay.

Syn. -- Form; ceremony; observance; ordinance.

||Ri`te*nu"to (?), a. [It.] (Mus.) Held back; holding back; ritardando.

{ Rit`or*nelle" (?), ||Ri`tor*nel"lo (?), } n. [It. ritornello, dim. of ritorno return, fr. ritornare to return: cf. F. ritournelle.] (Mus.) (a) A short return or repetition; a concluding symphony to an air, often consisting of the burden of the song. (a) A short intermediate symphony, or instrumental passage, in the course of a vocal piece; an interlude.

||Ri*trat"to (?), n.[It.] A picture. Sterne.

Rit"u*al (?), a.[L. ritualis, fr. ritus a rite: cf. F. rituel.] Of or pertaining to rites or ritual; as, ritual service or sacrifices; the ritual law.