Chapter 37

4. Hence, a right to future possession or enjoyment; succession.

For even reversions are all begged before.

Dryden.

5. (Annuities) A payment which is not to be received, or a benefit which does not begin, until the happening of some event, as the death of a living person. Brande & C.

6. (Biol.) A return towards some ancestral type or character; atavism.

Reversion of series (Alg.), the act of reverting a series. See To revert a series, under Revert, v. t.

Re*ver"sion*a*ry (?), a. (Law) Of or pertaining to a reversion; involving a reversion; to be enjoyed in succession, or after the termination of a particular estate; as, a reversionary interest or right.

Re*ver"sion*a*ry, n. (Law) That which is to be received in reversion.

Re*ver"sion*er (?), n. (Law) One who has a reversion, or who is entitled to lands or tenements, after a particular estate granted is terminated. Blackstone.

Re*ver"sis (?), n. [F.] A certain game at cards.

Re*vert" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reverted; p. pr. & vb. n. Reverting.] [L. revertere, reversum; pref. re- re- + vertere to turn: cf. OF. revertir. See Verse, and cf. Reverse.] 1. To turn back, or to the contrary; to reverse.

Till happy chance revert the cruel scence.

Prior.

The tumbling stream . . . Reverted, plays in undulating flow.

Thomson.

2. To throw back; to reflect; to reverberate.

3. (Chem.) To change back. See Revert, v. i.

To revert a series (Alg.), to treat a series, as y = a + bx + cx2 + etc., where one variable y is expressed in powers of a second variable x, so as to find therefrom the second variable x, expressed in a series arranged in powers of y.

Re*vert", v. i. 1. To return; to come back.

So that my arrows Would have reverted to my bow again.

Shak.

2. (Law) To return to the proprietor after the termination of a particular estate granted by him.

3. (Biol.) To return, wholly or in part, towards some preëxistent form; to take on the traits or characters of an ancestral type.

4. (Chem.) To change back, as from a soluble to an insoluble state or the reverse; thus, phosphoric acid in certain fertilizers reverts.

Re*vert", n. One who, or that which, reverts.

An active promoter in making the East Saxons converts, or rather reverts, to the faith.

Fuller.

Re*vert"ed, a. Turned back; reversed. Specifically: (Her.) Bent or curved twice, in opposite directions, or in the form of an S.

Re*vert"ent (?), n. (Med.) A remedy which restores the natural order of the inverted irritative motions in the animal system. [Obs.] E. Darwin.

Re*vert"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, reverts.

2. (Law) Reversion. Burrill.

Re*vert"i*ble (?), a. Capable of, or admitting of, reverting or being reverted; as, a revertible estate.

Re*vert"ive (?), a. Reverting, or tending to revert; returning. -- Re*vert"ive*ly, adv.

The tide revertive, unattracted, leaves A yellow waste of idle sands behind.

Thomson.

Rev"er*y (?), n. Same as Reverie.

Re*vest" (r*vst"), v. t. [OF reverstir, F. revêtir, L. revestire; pref. re- re- + vestire to clothe, fr. vestis a garment. See Vestry, and cf. Revet.] 1. To clothe again; to cover, as with a robe; to robe.

Her, nathless, . . . the enchanter Did thus revest and decked with due habiliments.

Spenser.

2. To vest again with possession or office; as, to revest a magistrate with authority.

Re*vest", v. i. To take effect or vest again, as a title; to revert to former owner; as, the title or right revests in A after alienation.

Re*ves"ti*a*ry (?), n. [LL. revestiarium: cf. F. revestiaire. See Revest.] The apartment, in a church or temple, where the vestments, etc., are kept; -- now contracted into vestry.

Re*ves"try (?), n. Same as Revestiary. [Obs.]

Re*vest"ture (?), n. Vesture. [Obs.]

Richrevesture of cloth of gold.

E. Hall.

Re*vet" (r*vt"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Revetted;p. pr. & vb. n. Revetting.] [See Revetment.] (Mil. & Civil Engineering) To face, as an embankment, with masonry, wood, or other material.

Re*vet"ment (?), n. [F. revêtement the lining of a ditch, fr. revêtir to clothe, L. revestire. See Revest, v. t.] (Fort. & Engin.) A facing of wood, stone, or any other material, to sustain an embankment when it receives a slope steeper than the natural slope; also, a retaining wall. [Written also revêtement (&?;).]

Re*vi"brate (?), v. i. To vibrate back or in return. -- Re`vi*bra"tion (#), n.

Re*vict" (?), v. t. [L. revictus, p. p. of revincere to conquer.] To reconquer. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Re*vic"tion (?), n. [From L. revivere, revictum, to live again; pref. re- re- + vivere to live.] Return to life. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Re*vict"ual (?), v. t. To victual again.

Re*vie" (?), v. t. 1. To vie with, or rival, in return.

2. (Card Playing) To meet a wager on, as on the taking of a trick, with a higher wager. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Re*vie", v. i. 1. To exceed an adversary's wager in card playing. [Obs.]

2. To make a retort; to bandy words. [Obs.]

Re*view" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Review&?;d (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Reveiwing.] [Pref. re- + view. Cf. Review, n. ] 1. To view or see again; to look back on. [R.] "I shall review Sicilia." Shak.

2. To go over and examine critically or deliberately. Specifically: (a) To reconsider; to revise, as a manuscript before printing it, or a book for a new edition. (b) To go over with critical examination, in order to discover exellences or defects; hence, to write a critical notice of; as, to review a new novel. (c) To make a formal or official examination of the state of, as troops, and the like; as, to review a regiment. (d) (Law) To reëxamine judically; as, a higher court may review the proceedings and judgments of a lower one.

3. To retrace; to go over again.

Shall I the long, laborious scene review?

Pope.

Re*view", v. i. To look back; to make a review.

Re*view", n. [F. revue, fr. revu, p. p. of revoir to see again, L. revidere; pref. re- re- + videre to see. See View, and cf. Revise.] 1. A second or repeated view; a reëxamination; a retrospective survey; a looking over again; as, a review of one's studies; a review of life.

2. An examination with a view to amendment or improvement; revision; as, an author's review of his works.

3. A critical examination of a publication, with remarks; a criticism; a critique.

4. A periodical containing critical essays upon matters of interest, as new productions in literature, art, etc.

5. An inspection, as of troops under arms or of a naval force, by a high officer, for the purpose of ascertaining the state of discipline, equipments, etc.

6. (Law) The judicial examination of the proceedings of a lower court by a higher.

7. A lesson studied or recited for a second time.

Bill of review (Equity), a bill, in the nature of proceedings in error, filed to procure an examination and alteration or reversal of a final decree which has been duly signed and enrolled. Wharton. -- Commission of review (Eng. Eccl. Law), a commission formerly granted by the crown to revise the sentence of the court of delegates.

Syn. -- Reëxamination; resurvey; retrospect; survey; reconsideration; revisal; revise; revision.

Re*view"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being reviewed.

Re*view"al (?), n. A review. [R.] Southey.

Re*view"er (?), n. One who reviews or reëxamines; an inspector; one who examines publications critically, and publishes his opinion upon their merits; a professional critic of books.

Re*vig"or*ate (?), a. [LL. revigoratus, p. p. of revigorare; L. re- + vigor vigor.] Having new vigor or strength; invigorated anew. [R.] Southey.

Re*vig"or*ate (?), v. t. To give new vigor to. [Obs.]

Re*vile" (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Reviled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Reviling.] [Pref. re- + OF. aviler to make vile, depreciate, F. avilir; à (L. ad.) + vil vile. See Vile.] To address or abuse with opprobrious and contemptuous language; to reproach. "And did not she herself revile me there?" Shak.

Who, when he was reviled, reviled not again.

1 Pet. ii. 23.

Syn. -- To reproach; vilify; upbraid; calumniate.

Re*vile", n. Reproach; reviling. [Obs.]

The gracious Judge, without revile, replied.

Milton.

Re*vile"ment (?), n. The act of reviling; also, contemptuous language; reproach; abuse. Spenser.

Re*vil"er (?), n. One who reviles. 1. Cor. vi. 10.

Re*vil"ing, n. Reproach; abuse; vilification.

Neither be ye afraid of their revilings.

Isa. li. 7.

Re*vil"ing, a. Uttering reproaches; containing reproaches. -- Re*vil"ing*ly, adv.

Re*vince" (?), v. t. [See Revict.] To overcome; to refute, as error. [Obs.] Foxe.

Re*vin"di*cate (?), v. t. [Pref. re- + vindicate. Cf. Revindicate, Revenge.] To vindicate again; to reclaim; to demand and take back. Mitford.

Rev`i*res"cence (?), n. [L. revirescens, p. pr. of revirescere to grow green again.] A growing green or fresh again; renewal of youth or vigor. [Obs.]

Re*vis"a*ble (?), a. That may be revised.

Re*vis"al (?), n. [From Revise.] The act of revising, or reviewing and reëxamining for correction and improvement; revision; as, the revisal of a manuscript; the revisal of a proof sheet; the revisal of a treaty.

Re*vise" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Revised (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Revising.] [F. reviser, fr. L. revidere, revisum, to see again; pref. re- re- + videre, visum, to see. See Review, View.] 1. To look at again for the detection of errors; to reëxamine; to review; to look over with care for correction; as, to revise a writing; to revise a translation.

2. (Print.) To compare (a proof) with a previous proof of the same matter, and mark again such errors as have not been corrected in the type.

3. To review, alter, and amend; as, to revise statutes; to revise an agreement; to revise a dictionary.

The Revised Version of the Bible, a version prepared in accordance with a resolution passed, in 1870, by both houses of the Convocation of the Province of Canterbury, England. Both English and American revisers were employed on the work. It was first published in a complete form in 1885, and is a revised form of the Authorized Version. See Authorized Version, under Authorized.

Re*vise", n. 1. A review; a revision. Boyle.

2. (Print.) A second proof sheet; a proof sheet taken after the first or a subsequent correction.

Re*vis"er (?), n. One who revises.

Re*vi"sion (?), n. [F. révision, L. revisio.] 1. The act of revising; reëxamination for correction; review; as, the revision of a book or writing, or of a proof sheet; a revision of statutes.

2. That which is made by revising.

Syn. -- Reëxamination; revisal; revise; review.

{ Re*vi"sion*al (?), Re*vi"sion*a*ry (?), } a. Of or pertaining to revision; revisory.

<! p. 1235 !>

Re*vis"it (?), v. t. 1. To visit again. Milton.

2. To revise. [Obs.] Ld. Berners.

Re*vis`it*a"tion (?), n. The act of revisiting.

Re*vi"so*ry (?), a. Having the power or purpose to revise; revising. Story.

Re*vi"tal*ize (?), v. t. To restore vitality to; to bring back to life. L. S. Beale.

Re*viv"a*ble (?), a. That may be revived.

Re*viv"al (?), n. [From Revive.] The act of reviving, or the state of being revived. Specifically: (a) Renewed attention to something, as to letters or literature. (b) Renewed performance of, or interest in, something, as the drama and literature. (c) Renewed interest in religion, after indifference and decline; a period of religious awakening; special religious interest. (d) Reanimation from a state of langour or depression; -- applied to the health, spirits, and the like. (e) Renewed pursuit, or cultivation, or flourishing state of something, as of commerce, arts, agriculture. (f) Renewed prevalence of something, as a practice or a fashion. (g) (Law) Restoration of force, validity, or effect; renewal; as, the revival of a debt barred by limitation; the revival of a revoked will, etc. (h) Revivification, as of a metal. See Revivification, 2.

Re*viv"al*ism (?), n. The spirit of religious revivals; the methods of revivalists.

Re*viv"al*ist, n. A clergyman or layman who promotes revivals of religion; an advocate for religious revivals; sometimes, specifically, a clergyman, without a particular charge, who goes about to promote revivals. Also used adjectively.

Re*viv`al*is"tic (?), a. Pertaining to revivals.

Re*vive" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Revived (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Reviving.] [F. revivere, L. revivere; pref. re- re- + vivere to live. See Vivid.] 1. To return to life; to recover life or strength; to live anew; to become reanimated or reinvigorated. Shak.

The Lord heard the voice of Elijah; and the soul of the child came into again, and he revived.

1 Kings xvii. 22.

2. Hence, to recover from a state of oblivion, obscurity, neglect, or depression; as, classical learning revived in the fifteenth century.

3. (Old Chem.) To recover its natural or metallic state, as a metal.

Re*vive", v. t. [Cf. F. reviver. See Revive, v. i.] 1. To restore, or bring again to life; to reanimate.

Those bodies, by reason of whose mortality we died, shall be revived.

Bp. Pearson.

2. To raise from coma, languor, depression, or discouragement; to bring into action after a suspension.

Those gracious words revive my drooping thoughts.

Shak.

Your coming, friends, revives me.

Milton.

3. Hence, to recover from a state of neglect or disuse; as, to revive letters or learning.

4. To renew in the mind or memory; to bring to recollection; to recall attention to; to reawaken. "Revive the libels born to die." Swift.

The mind has a power in many cases to revive perceptions which it has once had.

Locke.

5. (Old Chem.) To restore or reduce to its natural or metallic state; as, to revive a metal after calcination.

Re*vive"ment (?), n. Revival. [R.]

Re*viv"er (?), n. One who, or that which, revives.

Re`vi*vif"i*cate (?), v. t. [Pref. re- + vivificate: cf. L. revivificare, revivificatum. Cf. Revivify.] To revive; to recall or restore to life. [R.]

Re*viv`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. révivification.] 1. Renewal of life; restoration of life; the act of recalling, or the state of being recalled, to life.

2. (Old Chem.) The reduction of a metal from a state of combination to its metallic state.

Re*viv"i*fy (?), v. t. [Cf. F. révivifier, L. revivificare. See Vivify.] To cause to revive.

Some association may revivify it enough to make it flash, after a long oblivion, into consciousness.

Sir W. Hamilton.

Re*viv"ing (?), a. & n. Returning or restoring to life or vigor; reanimating. Milton. -- Re*viv"ing*ly, adv.

{ Rev`i*vis"cence (?), Rev`i*vis"cen*cy (?), } n. The act of reviving, or the state of being revived; renewal of life.

In this age we have a sort of reviviscence, not, I fear, of the power, but of a taste for the power, of the early times.

Coleridge.

Rev`i*vis"cent (?), a. [L. reviviscens, p. pr. ofreviviscere to revive; pref. re- re- + viviscere, v. incho. fr. vivere to live.] Able or disposed to revive; reviving. E. Darwin.

Re*viv"or (?), n. (Eng. Law) Revival of a suit which is abated by the death or marriage of any of the parties, -- done by a bill of revivor. Blackstone.

Rev`o*ca*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being revocable; as, the revocability of a law.

Rev"o*ca*ble (?), a. [L. revocabilis: cf. F. révocable. See Revoke.] Capable of being revoked; as, a revocable edict or grant; a revocable covenant.

-- Rev"o*ca*ble*ness, n. -- Rev"o*ca*bly, adv.

Rev"o*cate (?), v. t. [L. revocatus, p. p. of revocare. See Revoke.] To recall; to call back. [Obs.]

Rev`o*ca"tion (?), n. [L. revocatio: cf. F. révocation.] 1. The act of calling back, or the state of being recalled; recall.

One that saw the people bent for the revocation of Calvin, gave him notice of their affection.

Hooker.

2. The act by which one, having the right, annuls an act done, a power or authority given, or a license, gift, or benefit conferred; repeal; reversal; as, the revocation of an edict, a power, a will, or a license.

Rev"o**ca*to*ry (?), a. [L. revocatorius: cf. F. révocatoire.] Of or pertaining to revocation; tending to, or involving, a revocation; revoking; recalling.

Re*voice" (?), v. t. To refurnish with a voice; to refit, as an organ pipe, so as to restore its tone.

Re*voke" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Revoked (?);p. pr. & vb. n. Revoking.] [F. révoquer, L. revocare; pref. re- re- + vocare to call, fr. vox, vocis, voice. See Voice, and cf. Revocate.] 1. To call or bring back; to recall. [Obs.]

The faint sprite he did revoke again, To her frail mansion of morality.

Spenser.

2. Hence, to annul, by recalling or taking back; to repeal; to rescind; to cancel; to reverse, as anything granted by a special act; as, , to revoke a will, a license, a grant, a permission, a law, or the like. Shak.

3. To hold back; to repress; to restrain. [Obs.]

[She] still strove their sudden rages to revoke.

Spenser.

4. To draw back; to withdraw. [Obs.] Spenser.

5. To call back to mind; to recollect. [Obs.]

A man, by revoking and recollecting within himself former passages, will be still apt to inculcate these sad memoris to his conscience.

South.

Syn. -- To abolish; recall; repeal; rescind; countermand; annul; abrogate; cancel; reverse. See Abolish.

Re*voke" (?), v. i. (Card Playing) To fail to follow suit when holding a card of the suit led, in violation of the rule of the game; to renege. Hoyle.

Re*voke", n. (Card Playing) The act of revoking.

She [Sarah Battle] never made a revoke.

Lamb.

Re*voke"ment (?), n. Revocation. [R.] Shak.

Re*vok"er (?), n. One who revokes.

Re*vok"ing*ly, adv. By way of revocation.

Re*volt" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Revolted; p. pr. & vb. n. Revolting.] [Cf. F. révoller, It. rivoltare. See Revolt, n.] 1. To turn away; to abandon or reject something; specifically, to turn away, or shrink, with abhorrence.

But this got by casting pearl to hogs, That bawl for freedom in their senseless mood, And still revolt when trith would set them free.

Milton.

HIs clear intelligence revolted from the dominant sophisms of that time.

J. Morley.

2. Hence, to be faithless; to desert one party or leader for another; especially, to renounce allegiance or subjection; to rise against a government; to rebel.

Our discontented counties do revolt.

Shak.

Plant those that have revolted in the van.

Shak.

3. To be disgusted, shocked, or grossly offended; hence, to feel nausea; -- with at; as, the stomach revolts at such food; his nature revolts at cruelty.

Re*volt", v. t. 1. To cause to turn back; to roll or drive back; to put to flight. [Obs.] Spenser.

2. To do violence to; to cause to turn away or shrink with abhorrence; to shock; as, to revolt the feelings.

This abominable medley is made rather to revolt young and ingenuous minds.

Burke.

To derive delight from what inflicts pain on any sentient creatuure revolted his conscience and offended his reason.

J. Morley.

Re*volt", n. [F. révolte, It. rivolta, fr. rivolto, p. p. fr. L. revolvere, revolutum. See Revolve.] 1. The act of revolting; an uprising against legitimate authority; especially, a renunciation of allegiance and subjection to a government; rebellion; as, the revolt of a province of the Roman empire.

Who first seduced them to that foul revolt?

Milton.

2. A revolter. [Obs.] "Ingrate revolts." Shak.

Syn. -- Insurrection; sedition; rebellion; mutiny. See Insurrection.

Re*volt"er (?), n. One who revolts.

Re*volt"ing, a. Causing abhorrence mixed with disgust; exciting extreme repugnance; loathsome; as, revolting cruelty. -- Re*volt"ing*ly, adv.

Rev"o*lu*ble (?), a. [L. revolubilis that may be rolled back. See Revolve.] Capable of revolving; rotatory; revolving. [Obs.]

Us, then, to whom the thrice three year Hath filled his revoluble orb since our arrival here, I blame not.

Chapman.

Rev"o*lute (?), a. [L. revolutus, p. p. of revolvere. See Revolve.] (Bot. & Zoöl.) Rolled backward or downward.

A revolute leaf is coiled downwards, with the lower surface inside the coil. A leaf with revolute margins has the edges rolled under, as in the Andromeda polifilia.

Rev`o*lu"tion (?), n. [F. révolution, L. revolutio. See Revolve.] 1. The act of revolving, or turning round on an axis or a center; the motion of a body round a fixed point or line; rotation; as, the revolution of a wheel, of a top, of the earth on its axis, etc.

2. Return to a point before occupied, or to a point relatively the same; a rolling back; return; as, revolution in an ellipse or spiral.

That fear Comes thundering back, with dreadful revolution, On my defenseless head.

Milton.

3. The space measured by the regular return of a revolving body; the period made by the regular recurrence of a measure of time, or by a succession of similar events. "The short revolution of a day." Dryden.

4. (Astron.) The motion of any body, as a planet or satellite, in a curved line or orbit, until it returns to the same point again, or to a point relatively the same; -- designated as the annual, anomalistic, nodical, sidereal, or tropical revolution, according as the point of return or completion has a fixed relation to the year, the anomaly, the nodes, the stars, or the tropics; as, the revolution of the earth about the sun; the revolution of the moon about the earth.

The term is sometimes applied in astronomy to the motion of a single body, as a planet, about its own axis, but this motion is usually called rotation.

5. (Geom.) The motion of a point, line, or surface about a point or line as its center or axis, in such a manner that a moving point generates a curve, a moving line a surface (called a surface of revolution), and a moving surface a solid (called a solid of revolution); as, the revolution of a right-angled triangle about one of its sides generates a cone; the revolution of a semicircle about the diameter generates a sphere.

6. A total or radical change; as, a revolution in one's circumstances or way of living.

The ability . . . of the great philosopher speedily produced a complete revolution throughout the department.

Macaulay.

7. (Politics) A fundamental change in political organization, or in a government or constitution; the overthrow or renunciation of one government, and the substitution of another, by the governed.

The violence of revolutions is generally proportioned to the degree of the maladministration which has produced them.

Macaulay.

When used without qualifying terms, the word is often applied specifically, by way of eminence, to: (a) The English Revolution in 1689, when William of Orange and Mary became the reigning sovereigns, in place of James II. (b) The American Revolution, beginning in 1775, by which the English colonies, since known as the United States, secured their independence. (c) The revolution in France in 1789, commonly called the French Revolution, the subsequent revolutions in that country being designated by their dates, as the Revolution of 1830, of 1848, etc.

Rev`o*lu"tion*a*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. révolutionnaire.] Of or pertaining to a revolution in government; tending to, or promoting, revolution; as, revolutionary war; revolutionary measures; revolutionary agitators.

Rev`o*lu"tion*a*ry, n. A revolutionist. [R.]

Dumfries was a Tory town, and could not tolerate a revolutionary.

Prof. Wilson.

Rev`o*lu"tion*er (?), n. One who is engaged in effecting a revolution; a revolutionist. Smollett.

Rev`o*lu"tion*ism (?), n. The state of being in revolution; revolutionary doctrines or principles.

Rev`o*lu"tion*ist, n. One engaged in effecting a change of government; a favorer of revolution. Burke.

Rev`o*lu"tion*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Revolutioniezed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Revolutionizing(?).] To change completely, as by a revolution; as, to revolutionize a government. Ames.

The gospel . . . has revolutionized his soul.

J. M. Mason.

Re*vol"u*tive (?), a. Inclined to revolve things in the mind; meditative. [Obs.] Feltham.

Re*volv"a*ble (?), a. That may be revolved.