Chapter 36

6. (Mil. & Naval) An official account, report, or statement, rendered to the commander or other superior officer; as, the return of men fit for duty; the return of the number of the sick; the return of provisions, etc.

7. pl. (Fort. & Mining) The turnings and windings of a trench or mine.

Return ball, a ball held by an elastic string so that it returns to the hand from which it is thrown, -- used as a plaything. -- Return bend, a pipe fitting for connecting the contiguous ends of two nearly parallel pipes lying alongside or one above another. -- Return day (Law), the day when the defendant is to appear in court, and the sheriff is to return the writ and his proceedings. -- Return flue, in a steam boiler, a flue which conducts flame or gases of combustion in a direction contrary to their previous movement in another flue. -- Return pipe (Steam Heating), a pipe by which water of condensation from a heater or radiator is conveyed back toward the boiler.

Re*turn"a*ble (?), a. 1. Capable of, or admitting of, being returned.

2. (Law) Legally required to be returned, delivered, given, or rendered; as, a writ or precept returnable at a certain day; a verdict returnable to the court.

Re*turn"er (?), n. One who returns.

Re*turn"less, a. Admitting no return. Chapman.

Re*tuse" (?), a. [L. retusus, p. p. : cf. F. rétus. See Retund.] (Bot. & Zoöl.) Having the end rounded and slightly indented; as, a retuse leaf.

Reule (?), n.& v. Rule. [Obs.]

Reume (?), n. Realm. [Obs.]

Re*un"ion (?), n. [Pref. re- + union: cf. F. réunion.] 1. A second union; union formed anew after separation, secession, or discord; as, a reunion of parts or particles of matter; a reunion of parties or sects.

2. An assembling of persons who have been separated, as of a family, or the members of a disbanded regiment; an assembly so composed.

Re`u*nite" (?), v. t. & i. To unite again; to join after separation or variance. Shak.

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Re`u*nit"ed*ly (?), adv. In a reunited manner.

Re`u*ni"tion (?), n. A second uniting. [R.]

Re*urge" (?), v. t. To urge again.

Re*vac"ci*nate (?), v. t. To vaccinate a second time or again. -- Re*vac`ci*na"tion(#), n.

Rev`a*les"cence (?), n. The act of growing well; the state of being revalescent.

Would this prove that the patient's revalescence had been independent of the medicines given him?

Coleridge.

Rev`a*les"cent (?), a. [L. revalescens, -entis, p. pr. of revalescere; pref. re- re- + valescere, v. incho. fr. valere to be well.] Growing well; recovering strength.

Re*val`u*a"tion (?), n. A second or new valuation.

Re*vamp" (?), v. t. To vamp again; hence, to patch up; to reconstruct.

Reve (?), v. t. To reave. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Reve, n. [See Reeve.] An officer, steward, or governor. [Usually written reeve.] [Obs.] Piers Plowman.

Re*veal" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Revealed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Revealing.] [F. révéler, L. revelare, revelatum, to unveil, reveal; pref. re- re- + velare to veil; fr. velum a veil. See Veil.] 1. To make known (that which has been concealed or kept secret); to unveil; to disclose; to show.

Light was the wound, the prince's care unknown, She might not, would not, yet reveal her own.

Waller.

2. Specifically, to communicate (that which could not be known or discovered without divine or supernatural instruction or agency).

Syn. -- To communicate; disclose; divulge; unveil; uncover; open; discover; impart; show. See Communicate. -- Reveal, Divulge. To reveal is literally to lift the veil, and thus make known what was previously concealed; to divulge is to scatter abroad among the people, or make publicly known. A mystery or hidden doctrine may be revealed; something long confined to the knowledge of a few is at length divulged. "Time, which reveals all things, is itself not to be discovered." Locke. "A tragic history of facts divulged." Wordsworth.

Re*veal", n. 1. A revealing; a disclosure. [Obs.]

2. (Arch.) The side of an opening for a window, doorway, or the like, between the door frame or window frame and the outer surface of the wall; or, where the opening is not filled with a door, etc., the whole thickness of the wall; the jamb. [Written also revel.]

Re*veal`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being revealable; revealableness.

Re*veal"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being revealed. -- Re*veal"a*ble*ness, n.

Re*veal"er (?), n. One who, or that which, reveals.

Re*veal"ment (?), n. Act of revealing. [R.]

Re*veg"e*tate (?), v. i. To vegetate anew.

Re*veil"le (?), n. [F. réveil, fr. réveiller to awake; pref. re- re- + pref. es- (L. ex) + veiller to awake, watch, L. vigilare to watch. The English form was prob. taken by mistake from the French imper. réveillez,2d pers. pl. See Vigil.] (Mil.) The beat of drum, or bugle blast, about break of day, to give notice that it is time for the soldiers to rise, and for the sentinels to forbear challenging. "Sound a reveille." Dryden.

For at dawning to assail ye Here no bugles sound reveille.

Sir W. Scott.

Rev"el (?), n. (Arch.) See Reveal. [R.]

Rev"el, n. [OF. revel rebellion, disorder, feast, sport. See Revel, v. i.] A feast with loose and noisy jollity; riotous festivity or merrymaking; a carousal.

This day in mirth and revel to dispend.

Chaucer.

Some men ruin . . . their bodies by incessant revels.

Rambler.

Master of the revels, Revel master. Same as Lord of misrule, under Lord.

Rev"el, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Reveled (?) or Revelled; p. pr. & vb. n. Reveling or Revelling.] [OF. reveler to revolt, rebel, make merry, fr. L. rebellare. See Rebel.] 1. To feast in a riotous manner; to carouse; to act the bacchanalian; to make merry. Shak.

2. To move playfully; to indulge without restraint. "Where joy most revels." Shak.

Re*vel" (?), v. t. [L. revellere; re- + vellere to pluck, pull.] To draw back; to retract. [Obs.] Harvey.

Rev"e*late (?), v. t. [L. revelatus, p. p. of revelare to reveal.] To reveal. [Obs.] Frith. Barnes.

Rev`e*la"tion (?), n. [F. révélation, L. revelatio. See Reveal.] 1. The act of revealing, disclosing, or discovering to others what was before unknown to them.

2. That which is revealed.

3. (Theol.) (a) The act of revealing divine truth. (b) That which is revealed by God to man; esp., the Bible.

By revelation he made known unto me the mystery, as I wrote afore in few words.

Eph. iii. 3.

4. Specifically, the last book of the sacred canon, containing the prophecies of St. John; the Apocalypse.

Rev"e*la`tor (?), n. [L.] One who makes a revelation; a revealer. [R.]

Rev"el*er (?), n. [Written also reveller.] One who revels. "Moonshine revelers." Shak.

Re*vel"lent (?), a. [L. revellens, p. pr. of revellere. See Revel, v. t.] Causing revulsion; revulsive. -- n. (Med.) A revulsive medicine.

Rev"el*ment (?), n. The act of reveling.

Rev"el*ous (?), a. [OF. reveleus.] Fond of festivity; given to merrymaking or reveling. [Obs.]

Companionable and revelous was she.

Chaucer.

Rev"el-rout` (?), n. [See Rout.] 1. Tumultuous festivity; revelry. [Obs.] Rowe.

2. A rabble; a riotous assembly; a mob. [Obs.]

Rev"el*ry (?), n. [See Revel, v. i. & n.] The act of engaging in a revel; noisy festivity; reveling.

And pomp and feast and revelry.

Milton.

Re*ven"di*cate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Revendicated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Revendicating.][Cf. F. revendiquer. See Revenge.] To reclaim; to demand the restoration of. [R.] Vattel (Trans.).

Re*ven`di*ca"tion (?), n. [F. revendication.] The act of revendicating. [R.] Vattel (Trans.)

Re*venge" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Revenged (?), p. pr. & vb. n. Revenging (&?;).] [OF. revengier, F. revancher; pref. re- re- + OF. vengier to avenge, revenge, F. venger, L. vindicare. See Vindicate, Vengerance, and cf. Revindicate.] 1. To inflict harm in return for, as an injury, insult, etc.; to exact satisfaction for, under a sense of injury; to avenge; -- followed either by the wrong received, or by the person or thing wronged, as the object, or by the reciprocal pronoun as direct object, and a preposition before the wrong done or the wrongdoer.

To revenge the death of our fathers.

Ld. Berners.

The gods are just, and will revenge our cause.

Dryden.

Come, Antony, and young Octavius, come, Revenge yourselves alone on Cassius.

Shak.

2. To inflict injury for, in a spiteful, wrong, or malignant spirit; to wreak vengeance for maliciously.

Syn. -- To avenge; vindicate. See Avenge.

Re*venge", v. i. To take vengeance; -- with upon. [Obs.] "A bird that will revenge upon you all." Shak.

Re*venge", n. 1. The act of revenging; vengeance; retaliation; a returning of evil for evil.

Certainly, in taking revenge, a man is even with his enemy; but in passing it over he is superior.

Bacon.

2. The disposition to revenge; a malignant wishing of evil to one who has done us an injury.

Revenge now goes To lay a complot to betray thy foes.

Shak.

The indulgence of revenge tends to make men more savage and cruel.

Kames.

Re*venge"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being revenged; as, revengeable wrong. Warner.

Re*venge"ance (?), n. Vengeance; revenge. [Obs.]

Re*venge"ful (?), a. Full of, or prone to, revenge; vindictive; malicious; revenging; wreaking revenge.

If thy revengeful heart can not forgive.

Shak.

May my hands . . . Never brandish more revengeful steel.

Shak.

Syn. -- Vindictive; vengeful; resentful; malicious.

-- Re*venge"ful*ly, adv. -- Re*venge"ful*ness, n.

Re*venge"less, a. Unrevenged. [Obs.] Marston.

Re*venge"ment (?), n. Revenge. [Obs.]

He 'll breed revengement and a scourge for me.

Shak.

Re*ven"ger (?), n. One who revenges. Shak.

Re*ven"ging (?), a. Executing revenge; revengeful. -- Re*ven"ging*ly, adv. Shak.

Rev"e*nue (?), n. [F. revenu, OF. revenue, fr. revenir to return, L. revenire; pref. re- re- + venire to come. See Come.] 1. That which returns, or comes back, from an investment; the annual rents, profits, interest, or issues of any species of property, real or personal; income.

Do not anticipate your revenues and live upon air till you know what you are worth.

Gray.

2. Hence, return; reward; as, a revenue of praise.

3. The annual yield of taxes, excise, customs, duties, rents, etc., which a nation, state, or municipality collects and receives into the treasury for public use.

Revenue cutter, an armed government vessel employed to enforce revenue laws, prevent smuggling, etc.

Re*verb" (?), v. t. To echo. [Obs.] Shak.

Re*ver"ber*ant (?), a. [L. reverberans, p. pr. : cf. F. réverbérant. See Reverberate.] Having the quality of reverberation; reverberating.

Re*ver"ber*ate (?), a. [L. reverberatus, p. p. of reverberare to strike back, repel; pref. re- re- + verberare to lash, whip, beat, fr. verber a lash, whip, rod.] 1. Reverberant. [Obs.] "The reverberate hills." Shak.

2. Driven back, as sound; reflected. [Obs.] Drayton.

Re*ver"ber*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reverberated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Reverberating.] 1. To return or send back; to repel or drive back; to echo, as sound; to reflect, as light, as light or heat.

Who, like an arch, reverberates The voice again.

Shak.

2. To send or force back; to repel from side to side; as, flame is reverberated in a furnace.

3. Hence, to fuse by reverberated heat. [Obs.] "Reverberated into glass." Sir T. Browne.

Re*ver"ber*ate, v. i. 1. To resound; to echo.

2. To be driven back; to be reflected or repelled, as rays of light; to be echoed, as sound.

Re*ver`ber*a"tion (?), n. [CF. F. réverbération.] The act of reverberating; especially, the act of reflecting light or heat, or reëchoing sound; as, the reverberation of rays from a mirror; the reverberation of rays from a mirror; the reverberation of voices; the reverberation of heat or flame in a furnace.

Re*ver"ber*a*tive (?), a. Of the nature of reverberation; tending to reverberate; reflective.

This reverberative influence is that which we have intended above, as the influence of the mass upon its centers.

I. Taylor.

Re*ver"ber*a`tor (?), n. One who, or that which, produces reverberation.

Re*ver"ber*a*to*ry (?), a. Producing reverberation; acting by reverberation; reverberative.

Reverberatory furnace. See the Note under Furnace.

Re*ver"ber*a*to*ry, n. A reverberatory furnace.

Re*ver"dure (?), v. t. To cover again with verdure. Ld. Berners.

Re*vere" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Revered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Revering.] [L. revereri; pref. re- re- + vereri to fear, perh. akin to E. wary: cf. F. révérer.] To regard with reverence, or profound respect and affection, mingled with awe or fear; to venerate; to reverence; to honor in estimation.

Marcus Aurelius, whom he rather revered as his father than treated as his partner in the empire.

Addison.

Syn. -- To venerate; adore; reverence.

Rev"er*ence (?), n. [F. révérence, L. reverentia. See Reverent.] 1. Profound respect and esteem mingled with fear and affection, as for a holy being or place; the disposition to revere; veneration.

If thou be poor, farewell thy reverence.

Chaucer.

Reverence, which is the synthesis of love and fear.

Coleridge.

When discords, and quarrels, and factions, are carried openly and audaciously, it is a sign the reverence of government islost.

Bacon.

Formerly, as in Chaucer, reverence denoted "respect" "honor", without awe or fear.

2. The act of revering; a token of respect or veneration; an obeisance.

Make twenty reverences upon receiving . . . about twopence.

Goldsmith.

And each of them doeth all his diligence To do unto the feast reverence.

Chaucer.

3. That which deserves or exacts manifestations of reverence; reverend character; dignity; state.

I am forced to lay my reverence by.

Shak.

4. A person entitled to be revered; -- a title applied to priests or other ministers with the pronouns his or your; sometimes poetically to a father. Shak.

Save your reverence, Saving your reverence, an apologetical phrase for an unseemly expression made in the presence of a priest or clergyman. -- Sir reverence, a contracted form of Save your reverence.

Such a one as a man may not speak of, without he say. "Sir reverence."

Shak.

-- To do reverence, to show reverence or honor; to perform an act of reverence.

Now lies he there, And none so poor to do him reverence.

Shak.

Syn. -- Awe; honor; veneration; adoration; dread. -- Awe, Reverence, Dread, Veneration. Reverence is a strong sentiment of respect and esteem, sometimes mingled slightly with fear; as, reverence for the divine law. Awe is a mixed feeling of sublimity and dread in view of something great or terrible, sublime or sacred; as, awe at the divine presence. It does not necessarily imply love. Dread is an anxious fear in view of an impending evil; as, dread of punishment. Veneration is reverence in its strongest manifestations. It is the highest emotion we can exercise toward human beings. Exalted and noble objects produce reverence; terrific and threatening objects awaken dread; a sense of the divine presence fills us with awe; a union of wisdom and virtue in one who is advanced in years inspires us with veneration.

Rev"er*ence, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reverenced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Reverencing (?).] To regard or treat with reverence; to regard with respect and affection mingled with fear; to venerate.

Let . . . the wife see that she reverence her husband.

Eph. v. 33.

Those that I reverence those I fear, the wise.

Shak.

Rev"er*en*cer (?), n. One who regards with reverence. "Reverencers of crowned heads." Swift.

Rev"er*end (?), a. [F. révérend, L. reverendus, fr. revereri. See Revere.] Worthy of reverence; entitled to respect mingled with fear and affection; venerable.

A reverend sire among them came.

Milton.

They must give good example and reverend deportment in the face of their children.

Jer. Taylor.

This word is commonly given as a title of respect to ecclesiastics. A clergyman is styled the reverend; a dean, the very reverend; a bishop, the right reverend; an archbishop, the most reverend.

Rev"er*end*ly, adv. Reverently. [Obs.] Foxe.

Rev"er*ent (?), a. [L. reverens, -entis, p. pr. of revereri. See Revere.] 1. Disposed to revere; impressed with reverence; submissive; humble; respectful; as, reverent disciples. "They . . . prostrate fell before him reverent." Milton.

2. Expressing reverence, veneration, devotion, or submission; as, reverent words; reverent behavior. Joye.

Rev`er*en"tial (?), a. [Cf. F. révérenciel. See Reverence.] Proceeding from, or expressing, reverence; having a reverent quality; reverent; as, reverential fear or awe. "A reverential esteem of things sacred." South.

Rev`er*en"tial*ly, adv. In a reverential manner.

Rev"er*ent*ly, adv. In a reverent manner; in respectful regard.

Re*ver"er (?), n. One who reveres.

{ Rev"er*ie (?), Rev"er*y (?), } n.; pl. Reveries (#). [F. réverie, fr. rêver to dream, rave, be light-headed. Cf. Rave.] 1. A loose or irregular train of thought occurring in musing or mediation; deep musing; daydream. "Rapt in nameless reveries." Tennyson.

When ideas float in our mind without any reflection or regard of the understanding, it is that which the French call revery, our language has scarce a name for it.

Locke.

2. An extravagant conceit of the fancy; a vision. [R.]

There are infinite reveries and numberless extravagancies pass through both [wise and foolish minds].

Addison.

Re*ver"sal (?), a. [See Reverse.] Intended to reverse; implying reversal. [Obs.] Bp. Burnet.

Re*ver"sal, n. [From Reverse.] 1. The act of reversing; the causing to move or face in an opposite direction, or to stand or lie in an inverted position; as, the reversal of a rotating wheel; the reversal of objects by a convex lens.

2. A change or overthrowing; as, the reversal of a judgment, which amounts to an official declaration that it is false; the reversal of an attainder, or of an outlawry, by which the sentence is rendered void. Blackstone.

Re*verse" (?), a. [OE. revers, OF. revers, L. reversus, p. p. of revertere. See Revert.] 1. Turned backward; having a contrary or opposite direction; hence; opposite or contrary in kind; as, the reverse order or method. "A vice reverse unto this." Gower.

2. Turned upside down; greatly disturbed. [Obs.]

He found the sea diverse With many a windy storm reverse.

Gower.

3. (Bot. & Zoöl.) Reversed; as, a reverse shell.

Reverse bearing (Surv.), the bearing of a back station as observed from the station next in advance. - - Reverse curve (Railways), a curve like the letter S, formed of two curves bending in opposite directions. -- Reverse fire (Mil.), a fire in the rear. -- Reverse operation (Math.), an operation the steps of which are taken in a contrary order to that in which the same or similar steps are taken in another operation considered as direct; an operation in which that is sought which in another operation is given, and that given which in the other is sought; as, finding the length of a pendulum from its time of vibration is the reverse operation to finding the time of vibration from the length.

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Re*verse" (r*vrs"), n. [Cf. F. revers. See Reverse, a.] 1. That which appears or is presented when anything, as a lance, a line, a course of conduct, etc., is reverted or turned contrary to its natural direction.

He did so with the reverse of the lance.

Sir W. Scott.

2. That which is directly opposite or contrary to something else; a contrary; an opposite. Chaucer.

And then mistook reverse of wrong for right.

Pope.

To make everything the reverse of what they have seen, is quite as easy as to destroy.

Burke.

3. The act of reversing; complete change; reversal; hence, total change in circumstances or character; especially, a change from better to worse; misfortune; a check or defeat; as, the enemy met with a reverse.

The strange reverse of fate you see; I pitied you, now you may pity me.

Dryden.

By a reverse of fortune, Stephen becomes rich.

Lamb.

4. The back side; as, the reverse of a drum or trench; the reverse of a medal or coin, that is, the side opposite to the obverse. See Obverse.

5. A thrust in fencing made with a backward turn of the hand; a backhanded stroke. [Obs.] Shak.

6. (Surg.) A turn or fold made in bandaging, by which the direction of the bandage is changed.

Re*verse", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reversed (-vrst");p. pr. & vb. n. Reversing.] [See Reverse, a., and cf. Revert.] 1. To turn back; to cause to face in a contrary direction; to cause to depart.

And that old dame said many an idle verse, Out of her daughter's heart fond fancies to reverse.

Spenser.

2. To cause to return; to recall. [Obs.]

And to his fresh remembrance did reverse The ugly view of his deformed crimes.

Spenser.

3. To change totally; to alter to the opposite.

Reverse the doom of death.

Shak.

She reversed the conduct of the celebrated vicar of Bray.

Sir W. Scott.

4. To turn upside down; to invert.

A pyramid reversed may stand upon his point if balanced by admirable skill.

Sir W. Temple.

5. Hence, to overthrow; to subvert.

These can divide, and these reverse, the state.

Pope.

Custom . . . reverses even the distinctions of good and evil.

Rogers.

6. (Law) To overthrow by a contrary decision; to make void; to under or annual for error; as, to reverse a judgment, sentence, or decree.

Reverse arms (Mil.), a position of a soldier in which the piece passes between the right elbow and the body at an angle of 45°, and is held as in the illustration. -- To reverse an engine or a machine, to cause it to perform its revolutions or action in the opposite direction.

Syn. -- To overturn; overset; invert; overthrow; subvert; repeal; annul; revoke; undo.

Re*verse", v. i. 1. To return; to revert. [Obs.] Spenser.

2. To become or be reversed.

Re*versed" (?), a. 1. Turned side for side, or end for end; changed to the contrary; specifically (Bot. & Zoöl.), sinistrorse or sinistral; as, a reversed, or sinistral, spiral or shell.

2. (Law) Annulled and the contrary substituted; as, a reversed judgment or decree.

Reversed positive or negative (Photog.), a picture corresponding with the original in light and shade, but reversed as to right and left. Abney.

Re*vers"ed*ly (?), adv. In a reversed way.

Re*verse"less, a. Irreversible. [R.] A. Seward.

Re*verse"ly, adv. In a reverse manner; on the other hand; on the opposite. Bp. Pearson.

Re*vers"er (?), n. One who reverses.

Re*vers`i*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being reversible. Tyndall.

Re*vers"i*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. réversible revertible, reversionary.] 1. Capable of being reversed; as, a chair or seat having a reversible back; a reversible judgment or sentence.

2. Hence, having a pattern or finished surface on both sides, so that either may be used; -- said of fabrics.

Reversible lock, a lock that may be applied to a door opening in either direction, or hinged to either jamb. -- Reversible process. See under Process.

Re*vers"i*bly, adv. In a reversible manner.

Re*vers"ing, a. Serving to effect reversal, as of motion; capable of being reversed.

Reversing engine, a steam engine having a reversing gear by means of which it can be made to run in either direction at will. -- Reversing gear (Mach.), gear for reversing the direction of rotation at will.

Re*ver"sion (r*vr"shn), n. [F. réversion, L. reversio a turning back. See Revert.] 1. The act of returning, or coming back; return. [Obs.]

After his reversion home, [he] was spoiled, also, of all that he brought with him.

Foxe.

2. That which reverts or returns; residue. [Obs.]

The small reversion of this great navy which came home might be looked upon by religious eyes as relics.

Fuller.

3. (Law) The returning of an estate to the grantor or his heirs, by operation of law, after the grant has terminated; hence, the residue of an estate left in the proprietor or owner thereof, to take effect in possession, by operation of law, after the termination of a limited or less estate carved out of it and conveyed by him. Kent.