Chapter 31

But when a king sets himself to bandy against the highest court and residence of all his regal power, he then, . . . fights against his own majesty and kingship.

Milton.

5. Subsidence, as of a sediment. [Obs.] Bacon.

6. That which falls to the bottom of liquors; sediment; also, refuse; residuum. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

Syn. -- Domiciliation; sojourn; stay; abode; home; dwelling; habitation; domicile; mansion.

Res"i*den*cy (-den-s?), n. 1. Residence. [Obsoles.]

2. A political agency at a native court in British India, held by an officer styled the Resident; also, a Dutch commercial colony or province in the East Indies.

Res"i*dent (-dent), a. [F. résident, L. residens, -entis, p. pr. of residere. See Reside.] 1. Dwelling, or having an abode, in a place for a continued length of time; residing on one's own estate; -- opposed to nonresident; as, resident in the city or in the country.

2. Fixed; stable; certain. [Obs.] "Stable and resident like a rock." Jer. TAylor.

One there still resident as day and night.

Davenant.

Res"i*dent, n. 1. One who resides or dwells in a place for some time.

2. A diplomatic representative who resides at a foreign court; -- a term usualy applied to ministers of a rank inferior to that of ambassadors. See the Note under Minister, 4.

Res"i*dent*er (-r), n. A resident. [Obs. or Colloq.]

Res`i*den""tial (-d?n"shal), a. 1. Of or pertaining to a residence or residents; as, residential trade.

2. Residing; residentiary. [R.]

Res`i*den"tia*ry (-d?n"sh?-r?; 277), a. [LL. residentiaris.] Having residence; as, a canon residentary; a residentiary guardian. Dr. H. More.

Res`i*den"tia*ry, n. 1. One who is resident.

The residentiary, or the frequent visitor of the favored spot, . . . will discover that both have been there.

Coleridge.

2. An ecclesiastic who keeps a certain residence.

Syn. -- Inhabitant; inhabiter; dweller; sojourner.

Res`i*den"tia*ry*ship, n. The office or condition of a residentiary.

Res"i*dent*ship (r?z"?-dent-sh?p), n. The office or condition of a resident.

Re*sid"er (r?-z?d"?r), n. One who resides in a place.

Re*sid"u*al (r?-z?d"?-al), a. [See Residue.] Pertaining to a residue; remaining after a part is taken.

Residual air (Physiol.), that portion of air contained in the lungs which can not be expelled even by the most violent expiratory effort. It amounts to from 75 to 100 cubic inches. Cf. Supplemental air, under Supplemental. -- Residual error. (Mensuration) See Error, 6 (b). -- Residual figure (Geom.), the figure which remains after a less figure has been taken from a greater one. -- Residual magnetism (Physics), remanent magnetism. See under Remanent. -- Residual product, a by product, as cotton waste from a cotton mill, coke and coal tar from gas works, etc. -- Residual quantity (Alg.), a binomial quantity the two parts of which are connected by the negative sign, as a-b. -- Residual root (Alg.), the root of a residual quantity, as √(a-b).

Re*sid"u*al, n. (Math.) (a) The difference of the results obtained by observation, and by computation from a formula. (b) The difference between the mean of several observations and any one of them.

Re*sid"u*a*ry (-?-r?), a. [See Residue.] Consisting of residue; as, residuary matter; pertaining to the residue, or part remaining; as, the residuary advantage of an estate. Ayliffe.

Residuary clause (Law), that part of the testator's will in which the residue of his estate is disposed of. -- Residuary devise (Law), the person to whom the residue of real estate is devised by a will. - - Residuary legatee (Law), the person to whom the residue of personal estate is bequeathed.

Res"i*due (r?z"?-d?), n. [F. résidu, L. residuum, fr. residuus that is left behind, remaining, fr. residere to remain behind. See Reside, and cf. Residuum.] 1. That which remains after a part is taken, separated, removed, or designated; remnant; remainder.

The residue of them will I deliver to the sword.

Jer. xv. 9.

If church power had then prevailed over its victims, not a residue of English liberty would have been saved.

I. Taylor.

2. (Law) That part of a testeator's estate wwhich is not disposed of in his will by particular and special legacies and devises, and which remains after payment of debts and legacies.

3. (Chem.) That which remains of a molecule after the removal of a portion of its constituents; hence, an atom or group regarded as a portion of a molecule; -- used as nearly equivalent to radical, but in a more general sense.

The term radical is sometimes restricted to groups containing carbon, the term residue being applied to the others.

4. (Theory of Numbers) Any positive or negative number that differs from a given number by a multiple of a given modulus; thus, if 7 is the modulus, and 9 the given number, the numbers -5, 2, 16, 23, etc., are residues.

Syn. -- Rest; remainder; remnant; balance; residuum; remains; leavings; relics.

Re*sid"u*ous (r?-z?d"?-?s), a. [L. residuus.] Remaining; residual. Landor.

Re*sid"u*um (-?m), n. [L. See Residue.] That which is left after any process of separation or purification; that which remains after certain specified deductions are made; residue.

"I think so," is the whole residuum . . . after evaporating the prodigious pretensions of the zealot demagogue.

L. Taylor.

Re*siege" (r?-s?j"), v. t. [Pref. re- + siege a seat.] To seat again; to reinstate. [Obs.] Spenser.

Re-sign" (r?-s?n"), v. t. [Pref. re- + sign.] To affix one's signature to, a second time; to sign again.

Re*sign" (r?-z?n"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Resigned (-z?nd"); p. pr. & vb. n. Resigning.] [F. résigner, L. resignare to unseal, annul, assign, resign; pref. re- re- + signare to seal, stamp. See Sign, and cf. Resignation.]

1. To sign back; to return by a formal act; to yield to another; to surrender; -- said especially of office or emolument. Hence, to give up; to yield; to submit; -- said of the wishes or will, or of something valued; -- also often used reflexively.

I here resign my government to thee.

Shak.

Lament not, Eve, but patiently resign What justly thou hast lost.

Milton.

What more reasonable, than that we should in all things resign up ourselves to the will of God?

Tiilotson.

2. To relinquish; to abandon.

He soon resigned his former suit.

Spenser.

3. To commit to the care of; to consign. [Obs.]

Gentlement of quality have been sent beyong the seas, resigned and concredited to the conduct of such as they call governors.

Evelyn.

Syn. -- To abdicate; surrender; submit; leave; relinquish; forego; quit; forsake; abandon; renounce. -- Resign, Relinquish. To resign is to give up, as if breaking a seal and yielding all it had secured; hence, it marks a formal and deliberate surrender. To relinquish is less formal, but always implies abandonment and that the thing given up has been long an object of pursuit, and, usually, that it has been prized and desired. We resign what we once held or considered as our own, as an office, employment, etc. We speak of relinquishing a claim, of relinquishing some advantage we had sought or enjoyed, of relinquishing seme right, privilege, etc. "Men are weary with the toil which they bear, but can not find it in their hearts to relinquish it." Steele. See Abdicate.

Re sign", n. Resignation. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

Res`ig*na"tion (r?z`?g-n?"sh?n), n. [F. résignation. See Resign.] 1. The act of resigning or giving up, as a claim, possession, office, or the like; surrender; as, the resignation of a crown or comission.

2. The state of being resigned or submissive; quiet or patient submission; unresisting acquiescence; as, resignation to the will and providence of God.

Syn. -- Patience; surrender; relinquisment; forsaking; abandonment; abdication; renunciation; submission; acquiescence; endurance. See Patience.

Re*signed" (r?-z?nd"), a. Submissive; yielding; not disposed to resist or murmur.

A firm, yet cautious mind; Sincere, thought prudent; constant, yet resigned.

Pope.

Re*sign"ed*ly (r?-z?n"?d-l?), adv. With submission.

Res`ign*ee" (r?z`?-n?"), n. One to whom anything is resigned, or in whose favor a resignation is made.

Re*sign"er (r?-z?n"?r), n. One who resigns.

Re*sign"ment (-ment), n. The act of resigning.

Re*sile" (r?-z?l"), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Resiled (-z?ld"); p. pr. & vb. n. Resiling.] [L. resilire to leap or spring back; pref. re- re- + salire to leap, spring. See Salient.] To start back; to recoil; to recede from a purpose. J. Ellis.

{ Re*sil"i*ence (r?-z?l"?-ens), Re*sil"i*en*cy (-en-s?), } n. 1. The act of resiling, springing back, or rebounding; as, the resilience of a ball or of sound.

2. (Mech. & Engyn.) The mechanical work required to strain an elastic body, as a deflected beam, stretched spring, etc., to the elastic limit; also, the work performed by the body in recovering from such strain.

Re*sil"i*ent (-ent), a. [L. resiliens, p. pr.] Leaping back; rebounding; recoiling.

Res`i*li"tion (r?z`?-l?sh"?n), n. Resilience. [R.]

Res"in (r?z"?n), n. [F. résine, L. resina; cf. Gr. "rhti`nh Cf. Rosin.] Any one of a class of yellowish brown solid inflammable substances, of vegetable origin, which are nonconductors of electricity, have a vitreous fracture, and are soluble in ether, alcohol, and essential oils, but not in water; specif., pine resin (see Rosin).

Resins exude from trees in combination with essential oils, gums, etc., and in a liquid or semiliquid state. They are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, and are supposed to be formed by the oxidation of the essential oils. Copal, mastic, guaiacum, and colophony or pine resin, are some of them. When mixed with gum, they form the gum resins, like asafetida and gamboge; mixed with essential oils, they form balsams, or oleoresins.

Highgate resin (Min.), a fossil resin resembling copal, occuring in blue clay at Highgate, near London. -- Resin bush (Bot.), a low composite shrub (Euryops speciosissimus) of South Africa, having smooth pinnately parted leaves and abounding in resin.

Res`in*a"ceous (-?"sh?s), a. Having the quality of resin; resinous.

Res"in*ate (r?z"?n-?t), n. (Chem.) Any one of the salts the resinic acids.

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Re*sin"ic (r?-z?n"?k), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or obtained from, resin; as, the resinic acids.

Res`in*if"er*ous (r?z`?n-?f"?r-?s), a. [Resin + -ferous: cf. F. résinifère.] Yielding resin; as, a resiniferous tree or vessel.

Res"in*i*form (r?z"?n-?-f?rm), a. [Resin + -form: cf. F. résiniforme.] Having the form of resin.

Res`in*o-e*lec"tric (-?-?-l?k"tr?k), a. (Elec.) Containing or exhibiting resinous electricity.

Res"in*oid (r?z"?n-oid), a. Somewhat like resin.

Res"in*ous (-?s), a. [L. resinous: cf. F. résineux. See Resin.] Of or pertaining to resin; of the nature of resin; resembling or obtained from resin.

Resinous electricity (Elec.), electricity which is exited by rubbing bodies of the resinous kind. See Negative electricity, under Negative.

Res"in*ous*ly, adv. By means, or in the manner, of resin.

Res"in*ous*ness, n. The quality of being resinous.

Res"in*y (-?), a. Like resin; resinous.

Res`i*pis"cence (r?s`?-p?s"sens), n. [L. resipiscentia, from resipiscere to recover one's senses: cf. F. résipiscence.] Wisdom derived from severe experience; hence, repentance. [R.] Bp. Montagu.

Re*sist" (r?-z?st"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Resisted; p. pr. & vb. n. Resisting.] [F. résister, L. resistere, pref. re- re- + sistere to stand, cause to stand, v. causative of stare to stand. See Stand.] 1. To stand against; to withstand; to obstruct.

That mortal dint, Save He who reigns above, none can resist.

Milton.

2. To strive against; to endeavor to counteract, defeat, or frustrate; to act in opposition to; to oppose.

God resisteth the proud.

James iv. 6.

Contrary to his high will Whom we resist.

Milton.

3. To counteract, as a force, by inertia or reaction.

4. To be distasteful to. [Obs.] Shak.

Syn. -- To withstand; oppose; hinder; obstruct; counteract; check; thwart; baffle; disappoint.

Re*sist", v. i. To make opposition. Shak.

Re*sist", n. (Calico Printing) A substance used to prevent a color or mordant from fixing on those parts to which it has been applied, either by acting machanically in preventing the color, etc., from reaching the cloth, or chemically in changing the color so as to render it incapable of fixing itself in the fibers.. The pastes prepared for this purpose are called resist pastes. F. C. Calvert.

Re*sist"ance (-ans), n. [F. résistance, LL. resistentia, fr. resistens, - entis, p. pr. See Resist.] 1. The act of resisting; opposition, passive or active.

When King Demetrius saw that . . . no resistance was made against him, he sent away all his forces.

1. Macc. xi. 38.

2. (Physics) The quality of not yielding to force or external pressure; that power of a body which acts in opposition to the impulse or pressure of another, or which prevents the effect of another power; as, the resistance of the air to a body passing through it; the resistance of a target to projectiles.

3. A means or method of resisting; that which resists.

Unfold to us some warlike resistance.

Shak.

4. (Elec.) A certain hindrance or opposition to the passage of an electrical current or discharge offered by conducting bodies. It bears an inverse relation to the conductivity, -- good conductors having a small resistance, while poor conductors or insulators have a very high resistance. The unit of resistance is the ohm.

Resistance box (Elec.), a rheostat consisting of a box or case containing a number of resistance coils of standard values so arranged that they can be combined in various ways to afford more or less resistance. -- Resistance coil (Elec.), a coil of wire introduced into an electric circuit to increase the resistance. -- Solid of least resistance (Mech.), a solid of such a form as to experience, in moving in a fluid, less resistance than any other solid having the same base, height, and volume.

Re*sist"ant (-ant), a. [F. résistant: cf. L. resistens. See Resist.] Making resistance; resisting. -- n. One who, or that which, resists. Bp. Pearson.

Re*sist"er (-?r), n. One who resists.

Re*sist"ful (-f?l), a. Making much resistance.

Re*sist`i*bil"i*ty (-?-b?l"?-t?), n.. 1. The quality of being resistible; resistibleness.

2. The quality of being resistant; resitstance.

The name "body" being the complex idea of extension and resistibility together in the same subject.

Locke.

Re*sist"i*ble (r?-z?st"?-b'l), a. [Cf. F. résistible.] Capable of being resisted; as, a resistible force. Sir M. Hale. -- Re*sist"i*ble*ness, n. -- Re*sist"i*bly, adv.

Re*sist"ing, a. Making resistance; opposing; as, a resisting medium. -- Re*sist"ing ly, adv.

Re*sist"ive (-?v), a. Serving to resist. B. Jonsosn.

Re*sist"less, a. 1. Having no power to resist; making no opposition. [Obs. or R.] Spenser.

2. Incapable of being resisted; irresistible.

Masters' commands come with a power resistless To such as owe them absolute subjection.

Milton.

-- Re*sist"less*ly, adv. -- Re*sist"less*ness, n.

Res"o*lu*ble (r?z"?-l?-b'l), a.[L. resolubolis: cf. F. résoluble. See Resolve, and cf. Resolvable.] Admitting of being resolved; resolvable; as, bodies resoluble by fire. Boyle. -- Res"o*lu*ble*ness, n.

Res"o*lute (r?z"?-l?t), a. [Cf. F. résolu. The L. resolutus (p. p. of resolvere) means, relaxed, enervated, effeminate. See Resolve, v. t. & i.] 1. Having a decided purpose; determined; resolved; fixed in a determination; hence, bold; firm; steady.

Edward is at hand, Ready to fight; therefore be resolute.

Shak.

2. Convinced; satisfied; sure. [Obs.]

3. Resolving, or explaining; as, the Resolute Doctor Durand. [Obs.]

Syn. -- Determined; decided; fixed; steadfast; steady; constant; persevering; firm; bold; unshaken.

Res"o*lute (r?z"?-l?t), n. 1. One who is resolute; hence, a desperado. [Obs.] Shak.

2. Redelivery; repayment. [Obs.] "Yearly resolutes, deductions, and payments." Bp. Burnet.

Res"o*lute*ly, adv. In a resolute manner; with fixed purpose; boldly; firmly; steadily; with perseverance.

Some . . . facts he examines, some he resolutely denies.

Swift.

Res"o*lute*ness, n. The quality of being resolute.

Res`o*lu"tion (-l?"sh?n), n. [F. résolution. L. resolutio a loosening, solution. See Resolve.] 1. The act, operation, or process of resolving. Specifically: (a) The act of separating a compound into its elements or component parts. (b) The act of analyzing a complex notion, or solving a vexed question or difficult problem.

The unraveling and resolution of the difficulties that are met with in the execution of the design are the end of an action.

Dryden.

2. The state of being relaxed; relaxation. [Obs.]

3. The state of being resolved, settled, or determined; firmness; steadiness; constancy; determination.

Be it with resolution then to fight.

Shak.

4. That which is resolved or determined; a settled purpose; determination. Specifically: A formal expression of the opinion or will of an official body or a public assembly, adopted by vote; as, a legislative resolution; the resolutions of a public meeting.

5. The state of being resolved or firm in opinion or thought; conviction; assurance. [Obs.]

Little resolution and certainty there is as touching the islands of Mauritania.

Holland.

6. (Math.) The act or process of solving; solution; as, the resolution of an equation or problem.

7. (Med.) A breaking up, disappearance; or termination, as of a fever, a tumor, or the like.

8. (Mus.) The passing of a dissonant into a consonant chord by the rising or falling of the note which makes the discord.

Joint resolution. See under Joint, a. -- Resolution of a force or motion (Mech.), the separation of a single force or motion into two or more which have different directions, and, taken together, are an equivalent for the single one; -- the opposite of composition of a force. -- Resolution of a nebula (Astron.), the exhibition of it to the eye by a telescope of such power as to show it to be composed of small stars.

Syn. -- Decision; analysis; separation; disentanglement; dissolution; resolvedness; resoluteness; firmness; constancy; perseverance; steadfastness; fortitude; boldness; purpose; resolve. See Decision.

Res`o*lu"tion*er (-?r), n. One who makes a resolution; one who joins with others in a declaration or resolution; specifically, one of a party in the Scottish Church in the 17th century.

He was sequestrated afterwards as a Resolutioner.

Sir W. Scott.

Res`o*lu"tion*ist, n. One who makes a resolution.

Res"o*lu`tive (r?z"?-lu`t?v), a. [Cf.F. résolutif.] Serving to dissolve or relax. [R.] Johnson.

Res"o*lu*to*ry (r?z"?-l?-t?-r?), a. Resolutive. [R.]

Re*solv`a*bil"i*ty (r?-z?lv`?-b?l"?-t?), n. The quality or condition of being resolvable; resolvableness.

Re*solv"a*ble (r?-z?lv"?-b'l), a. [See Resolve, and cf. Resoluble.] Admitting of being resolved; admitting separation into constituent parts, or reduction to first principles; admitting solution or explanation; as, resolvable compounds; resolvable ideas or difficulties.

Re*solv"a*ble*ness, n. The quality of being resolvable; resolvability.

Re*solve" (r?*z?lv"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Resolved (-z?lvd"); p. pr. & vb. n. Resolving.] [L. resolvere, resolutum, to untie, loosen, relax, enfeeble; pref. re- re- + solvere to loosen, dissolve: cf. F. résoudare to resolve. See Solve, and cf. Resolve, v. i., Resolute, Resolution.] 1. To separate the component parts of; to reduce to the constituent elements; -- said of compound substances; hence, sometimes, to melt, or dissolve.

O, that this too too solid flesh would melt, Thaw, and resolve itself into a dew!

Shak.

Ye immortal souls, who once were men, And now resolved to elements again.

Dryden.

2. To reduce to simple or intelligible notions; -- said of complex ideas or obscure questions; to make clear or certain; to free from doubt; to disentangle; to unravel; to explain; hence, to clear up, or dispel, as doubt; as, to resolve a riddle. "Resolve my doubt." Shak.

To the resolving whereof we must first know that the Jews were commanded to divorce an unbelieving Gentile.

Milton.

3. To cause to perceive or understand; to acquaint; to inform; to convince; to assure; to make certain.

Sir, be resolved. I must and will come.

Beau. & Fl.

Resolve me, Reason, which of these is worse, Want with a full, or with an empty purse?

Pope.

In health, good air, pleasure, riches, I am resolved it can not be equaled by any region.

Sir W. Raleigh.

We must be resolved how the law can be pure and perspicuous, and yet throw a polluted skirt over these Eleusinian mysteries.

Milton.

4. To determine or decide in purpose; to make ready in mind; to fix; to settle; as, he was resolved by an unexpected event.

5. To express, as an opinion or determination, by resolution and vote; to declare or decide by a formal vote; -- followed by a clause; as, the house resolved (or, it was resolved by the house) that no money should be apropriated (or, to appropriate no money).

6. To change or convert by resolution or formal vote; -- used only reflexively; as, the house resolved itself into a committee of the whole.

7. (Math.) To solve, as a problem, by enumerating the several things to be done, in order to obtain what is required; to find the answer to, or the result of. Hutton.

8. (Med.) To dispere or scatter; to discuss, as an inflammation or a tumor.

9. (Mus.) To let the tones (as of a discord) follow their several tendencies, resulting in a concord.

10. To relax; to lay at ease. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

To resolve a nebula.(Astron.) See Resolution of a nebula, under Resolution.

Syn. -- To solve; analyze; unravel; disentangle.

Re*solve" (r?-z?lv"), v. i. [The sense "to be convinced, to determine" comes from the idea of loosening, breaking up into parts, analyzing, hence, determining.]

1. To be separated into its component parts or distinct principles; to undergo resolution.

2. To melt; to dissolve; to become fluid.

When the blood stagnates in any part, it first coagulates, then resolves, and turns alkaline.

Arbuthhnot.

3. To be settled in opinion; to be convinced. [R.]

Let men resolve of that as they plaease.

Locke.

4. To form a purpose; to make a decision; especially, to determine after reflection; as, to resolve on a better course of life.

Syn. -- To determine; decide; conclude; purpose.

Re*solve", n. 1. The act of resolving or making clear; resolution; solution. "To give a full resolve of that which is so much controverted." Milton.

2. That which has been resolved on or determined; decisive conclusion; fixed purpose; determination; also, legal or official determination; a legislative declaration; a resolution.

Nor is your firm resolve unknown.

Shak.

Cæsar's approach has summoned us together, And Rome attends her fate from our resolves.

Addison.

Re*solved" (r?-z?lvd"), p. p. & a. Having a fixed purpose; determined; resolute; -- usually placed after its noun; as, a man resolved to be rich.

That makes him a resolved enemy.

Jer. Taylor.

I am resolved she shall not settle here.

Fielding.

Re*solv"ed*ly (r?z?lv"?d-l?), adv. 1. So as to resolve or clear up difficulties; clearly. [Obs.]

Of that, and all the progress, more or less, Resolvedly more leisure shall express.

Shak.

2. Resolutely; decidedly; firmly. Grew.

Re*solv"ed*ness, n. Fixedness of purpose; firmness; resolution. Dr. H. More.

Re*solv"ent (-ent), a. Having power to resolve; causing solution; solvent.

Re*solv"ent, n. [L. resolvens, p. pr. of resolvere: cf. F. résolvant. See Resolve.] 1. That which has the power of resolving, or causing solution; a solvent.

2. (Med.) That which has power to disperse inflammatory or other tumors; a discutient; anything which aids the absorption of effused products. Coxe.

3. (Math.) An equation upon whose solution the solution of a given pproblem depends.

Re*solv"er (r?-z?lv"?r), n. 1. That which decomposes, or dissolves. Boyle.