Chapter 16

Re*deem" (r?*d?m"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Redeemed. (-d&?;md"); p. pr. & vb. n. Redeeming.] [F. rédimer, L. redimere; pref. red-, re- re- + emere, emptum, to buy, originally, to take, cf. OIr. em (in comp.), Lith. imti. Cf. Assume, Consume, Exempt, Premium, Prompt, Ransom.] 1. To purchase back; to regain possession of by payment of a stipulated price; to repurchase.

If a man sell a dwelling house in a walled city, then he may redeem it within a whole year after it is sold.

Lev. xxv. 29.

2. Hence, specifically: (a) (Law) To recall, as an estate, or to regain, as mortgaged property, by paying what may be due by force of the mortgage. (b) (Com.) To regain by performing the obligation or condition stated; to discharge the obligation mentioned in, as a promissory note, bond, or other evidence of debt; as, to redeem bank notes with coin.

3. To ransom, liberate, or rescue from captivity or bondage, or from any obligation or liability to suffer or to be forfeited, by paying a price or ransom; to ransom; to rescue; to recover; as, to redeem a captive, a pledge, and the like.

Redeem Israel, O God, out of all his troubles.

Ps. xxv. 22.

The Almighty from the grave Hath me redeemed.

Sandys.

4. (Theol.) Hence, to rescue and deliver from the bondage of sin and the penalties of God's violated law.

Christ hath redeemed us from the curse of the law, being made a curse for us.

Gal. iii. 13.

5. To make good by performing fully; to fulfill; as, to redeem one's promises.

I will redeem all this on Percy's head.

Shak.

6. To pay the penalty of; to make amends for; to serve as an equivalent or offset for; to atone for; to compensate; as, to redeem an error.

Which of ye will be mortal, to redeem Man's mortal crime?

Milton.

It is a chance which does redeem all sorrows.

Shak.

To redeem the time, to make the best use of it.

Re*deem`a*bil"i*ty (-?*b?l"?*t?), n. Redeemableness.

Re*deem"a*ble (-?*b;l), a. 1. Capable of being redeemed; subject to repurchase; held under conditions permitting redemption; as, a pledge securing the payment of money is redeemable.

2. Subject to an obligation of redemtion; conditioned upon a promise of redemtion; payable; due; as, bonds, promissory notes, etc. , redeemabble in gold, or in current money, or four months after date.

Re*deem"a*ble*ness (r?*d?m"?*b'l*n?s), n. The quality or state of being redeemable; redeemability.

Re*deem"er (r?*d?m"?r), n. 1. One who redeems.

2. Specifically, the Savior of the world, Jesus Christ.

Rede"less (r?d"l?s), a. Without rede or counsel. [Obs.]

Re`de*lib"er*ate (r?`d?*l?b"?r*?t), v. t. & i. To deliberate again; to reconsider.

Re`de*liv"er (r?`d?*l?v"?r), v. t. 1. To deliver or give back; to return. Ay&?;iffe.

2. To deliver or liberate a second time or again.

3. To report; to deliver the answer of. [R.] "Shall I redeliver you e'en so?" Shak.

Re`de*liv"er*ance (-ans), n. A second deliverance.

Re`de*liv"er*y (-?), n. 1. Act of delivering back.

2. A second or new delivery or liberation.

Re`de*mand" (r?`d-m?nd"), v. t. [Pref. re- back, again + demand: cf. F. redemander.] To demand back; to demand again.

Re`de*mand", n. A demanding back; a second or renewed demand.

Re`de*mise" (-m?z"), v. t. To demise back; to convey or transfer back, as an estate.

Re`de*mise", n. (Law) The transfer of an estate back to the person who demised it; reconveyance; as, the demise and redemise of an estate. See under Demise.

Re*dem"on*strate (r?*d?m"?n*str?t or r?`d?*m?n"-str?t), v. t. To demonstrate again, or anew.

Every truth of morals must be redemonstrated in the experience of the individual man before he is capable of utilizing it as a constituent of character or a guide in action.

Lowell.

Re*demp"ti*ble (r?*d?mp"t?*b'l), a. Redeemable.

Re-demp"tion (-sh?n), n. [F. rédemption, L. redemptio. See Redeem, and cf. Ransom.] The act of redeeming, or the state of being redeemed; repurchase; ransom; release; rescue; deliverance; as, the redemption of prisoners taken in war; the redemption of a ship and cargo. Specifically: (a) (Law) The liberation of an estate from a mortgage, or the taking back of property mortgaged, upon performance of the terms or conditions on which it was conveyed; also, the right of redeeming and reëntering upon an estate mortgaged. See Equity of redemption, under Equity. (b) (Com.) Performance of the obligation stated in a note, bill, bond, or other evidence of debt, by making payment to the holder. (c) (Theol.) The procuring of God's favor by the sufferings and death of Christ; the ransom or deliverance of sinners from the bondage of sin and the penalties of God's violated law.

In whom we have redemption through his blood.

Eph. i. 7.

Re*demp"tion*a*ry (-?*r?), n. One who is, or may be, redeemed. [R.] Hakluyt.

Re*demp"tion*er (-?r), n. 1. One who redeems himself, as from debt or servitude.

2. Formerly, one who, wishing to emigrate from Europe to America, sold his services for a stipulated time to pay the expenses of his passage.

Re*demp"tion*ist, n. (R.C.Ch.) A monk of an order founded in 1197; -- so called because the order was especially devoted to the redemption of Christians held in captivity by the Mohammedans. Called also Trinitarian.

Re*demp"tive (-t?v), a. Serving or tending to redeem; redeeming; as, the redemptive work of Christ.

Re*demp"tor*ist (-t?r*?st), n. [F. rédemptoriste, fr. L. redemptor redeemer, from redinere. See Redeem.] (R.C.Ch.) One of the Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer, founded in Naples in 1732 by St. Alphonsus Maria de Liquori. It was introduced onto the United States in 1832 at Detroit. The Fathers of the Congregation devote themselves to preaching to the neglected, esp. in missions and retreats, and are forbidden by their rule to engage in the instruction of youth.

Re*demp"to*ry (-t?*r?), a. Paid for ransom; serving to redeem. "Hector's redemptory price." Chapman.

Re*demp"ture (-t?r; 135), n. Redemption. [Obs.]

Re*dent"ed (r?*d?nt"?d), a. [From OF. redent. See Redan.] Formed like the teeth of a saw; indented.

Re`de*pos"it (r?`d?*p?z"?t), v. t. To deposit again.

Re`de*scend" (-s?nd"), v. i. [Pref. re- + descend: cf. F. redescendre.] To descend again. Howell.

Red"eye` (r?d"?`), n. (Zoöl.) (a) The rudd. (b) Same as Redfish (d). (c) The goggle-eye, or fresh-water rock bass. [Local, U.S.]

Red"fin` (-f?n`), n. (Zoöl.) A small North American dace (Minnilus cornutus, or Notropis megalops). The male, in the breeding season, has bright red fins. Called also red dace, and shiner. Applied also to Notropis ardens, of the Mississippi valley.

Red"finch` (-fnch`), n. (Zoöl.) The European linnet.

Red"fish` (rd"fsh`), n. (Zoöl.) (a) The blueback salmon of the North Pacific; -- called also nerka. See Blueback (b). (b) The rosefish. (c) A large California labroid food fish (Trochocopus pulcher); -- called also fathead. (d) The red bass, red drum, or drumfish. See the Note under Drumfish.

Red"-gum` (-g?m`), n. [OE. reed gounde; AS. reád red + gund matter, pus.] 1. (Med.) An eruption of red pimples upon the face, neck, and arms, in early infancy; tooth rash; strophulus. Good.

2. A name of rust on grain. See Rust.

<! p. 1204 !>

{ Red"-hand` (r?d"h?nd`), Red"-hand`ed (- h?nd`?d), } a. or adv. Having hands red with blood; in the very act, as if with red or bloody hands; -- said of a person taken in the act of homicide; hence, fresh from the commission of crime; as, he was taken red-hand or red-handed.

Red"head` (-h?d`), n. 1. A person having red hair.

2. (Zoöl.) (a) An American duck (Aythya Americana) highly esteemed as a game bird. It is closely allied to the canvasback, but is smaller and its head brighter red. Called also red-headed duck. American poachard, grayback, and fall duck. See Illust. under Poachard. (b) The red-headed woodpecker. See Woodpecker.

3. (Bot.) A kind of milkweed (Asclepias Curassavica) with red flowers. It is used in medicine.

Red`hi*bi"tion (r?d`h?*b?sh"?n), n. [L. redhibitio a taking back.] (Civil Law) The annulling of a sale, and the return by the buyer of the article sold, on account of some defect.

Red*hib"i*to*ry (r?d*h?b"?*t?*r?), a. [L. redhibitorius.] (Civil Law) Of or pertaining to redhibition; as, a redhibitory action or fault.

Red"hoop` (r?d"h??p`), n. (Zoöl.) The male of the European bullfinch. [Prov. Eng.]

Red"horn` (-h?rn`), n. (Zoöl.) Any species of a tribe of butterflies (Fugacia) including the common yellow species and the cabbage butterflies. The antennæ are usually red.

Red"-hot` (-h?t`), a. Red with heat; heated to redness; as, red-hot iron; red-hot balls. Hence, figuratively, excited; violent; as, a red-hot radical. Shak.

||Re"di*a (r?"d?*?), n.; pl. L. Rediæ (-), E. Redias (-&?;z). [NL.; of ||uncertain origin.] (Zoöl.) A kind of larva, or nurse, which is ||prroduced within the sporocyst of certain trematodes by asexual ||generation. It in turn produces, in the same way, either another ||generation of rediæ, or else cercariæ within its own body. Called ||also proscolex, and nurse. See Illustration in Appendix.

Re"di*ent (r?"d?-ent), a. [L. rediens, p. pr. of redire to return; pref. red- + ire to go.] Returning. [R.]

Re`di*gest" (r?`d?*j?st"), v. t. To digest, or reduce to form, a second time. Kent.

Re`di*min"ish (-m?n"?sh), v. t. To diminish again.

Red"in*gote (rd"n*gt), n. [F., corrupted from E. riding coat.] A long plain double-breasted outside coat for women.

Re*din"te*grate (r?*d?n"t?*gr?t), a. [L. redintegratus, p. p. of redintegrare to restore; pref. red-, re-, re- + integrare to make whole, to renew, fr. integer whole. See Integer.] Restored to wholeness or a perfect state; renewed. Bacon.

Re*din"te*grate (-gr?t), v. t. To make whole again; a renew; to restore to integrity or soundness.

The English nation seems obliterated. What could redintegrate us again?

Coleridge.

Re*din`te*gra"tion (-gr?"sh?n), n. [L. redintegratio.] 1. Restoration to a whole or sound state; renewal; renovation. Dr. H. More.

2. (Chem.) Restoration of a mixed body or matter to its former nature and state. [Achaic.] Coxe.

3. (Psychology) The law that objects which have been previously combined as part of a single mental state tend to recall or suggest one another; -- adopted by many philosophers to explain the phenomena of the association of ideas.

Re`di*rect" (r?`d?*r?kt"), a. (Law) Applied to the examination of a witness, by the party calling him, after the cross-examination.

Re`dis*burse" (r?`d?s*b?rs"), v. t. To disburse anew; to give, or pay, back. Spenser.

Re`dis*cov"er (-k?v"?r), v. t. To discover again.

Re`dis*pose" (-p?z"), v. t. To dispose anew or again; to readjust; to rearrange. A. Baxter.

Re`dis*seize" (-s?z"), v. t. (Law) To disseize anew, or a second time. [Written also redisseise.]

Re`dis*sei"zin (-s?"z?n), n. (Law) A disseizin by one who once before was adjudged to have dassezed the same person of the same lands, etc.; also, a writ which lay in such a case. Blackstone.

Re`dis*sei"zor (-z?r), n. (Law) One who redisseizes.

Re`dis*solve" (r?`d?z*z?lv"), v. t. To dissolve again.

Re`dis*till" (r?`d?s*t?l"), v. t. To distill again.

Re`dis*train"er (-tr?n"?r), n. One who distrains again.

Re`dis*trib"ute (-tr?b"?t), v. t. To distribute again.

-- Re*dis`tri*bu"tion (-tr&?;*b&?;"sh&?;n), n.

Re*dis"trict (-tr?kt), v. t. To divide into new districts.

Re*di"tion (r?*d?sh"?n), n. [L. reditio, fr. redire. See Redient.] Act of returning; return. [Obs.] Chapman.

Re`di*vide" (r?`d?*v?d"), v. t. To divide anew.

{ Red"leg` (r?d"l?g`), Red`legs` (-l?gz`), } n. (Zoöl.) (a) The redshank. (b) The turnstone.

Red"-let`ter (-l?t`t?r), a. Of or pertaining to a red letter; marked by red letters.

Red-letter day, a day that is fortunate or auspicious; -- so called in allusion to the custom of marking holy days, or saints' days, in the old calendars with red letters.

Red"ly, adv. In a red manner; with redness.

Red"mouth` (-mouth`), n. (Zoöl.) Any one of several species of marine food fishes of the genus Diabasis, or Hæmulon, of the Southern United States, having the inside of the mouth bright red. Called also flannelmouth, and grunt.

Red"ness, n. [AS. reádness. See Red.] The quality or state of being red; red color.

{ Red"o*lence (r?d"?*lens), Red"o*len*cy (-len*s?), } n. The quality of being redolent; sweetness of scent; pleasant odor; fragrance.

Red"o*lent (-lent), a. [L. redolens, -entis, p. pr. of redolere to emit a scent, diffuse an odor; pref. red-, re-, re- + olere to emit a smell. See Odor.] Diffusing odor or fragrance; spreading sweet scent; scented; odorous; smelling; -- usually followed by of. "Honey redolent of spring." Dryden. -- Red"o*lent*ly, adv.

Gales . . . redolent of joy and youth.

Gray.

Re*dou"ble (r?*d?b"'l), v. t. [Pref. re- + double: cf. F. redoubler. Cf. Reduplicate.] To double again or repeatedly; to increase by continued or repeated additions; to augment greatly; to multiply.

So they Doubly redoubled strokes upon the foe.

Shak.

Re*dou"ble, v. i. To become greatly or repeatedly increased; to be multiplied; to be greatly augmented; as, the noise redoubles.

Re*doubt" (r?*dout"), n. [F. redoute, fem., It. ridotto, LL. reductus, literally, a retreat, from L. reductus drawn back, retired, p. p. of reducere to lead or draw back; cf. F. réduit, also fr. LL. reductus. See Reduce, and cf. Reduct, Réduit, Ridotto.] (Fort.) (a) A small, and usually a roughly constructed, fort or outwork of varying shape, commonly erected for a temporary purpose, and without flanking defenses, -- used esp. in fortifying tops of hills and passes, and positions in hostile territory. (b) In permanent works, an outwork placed within another outwork. See F and i in Illust. of Ravelin. [Written also redout.]

Re*doubt", v. t. [F. redouter, formerly also spelt redoubter; fr. L. pref. re- re- + dubitare to doubt, in LL., to fear. See Doubt.] To stand in dread of; to regard with fear; to dread. [R.]

Re*doubt"a*ble (-?*b'l), a. [F. redoutable, formerly also spelt redoubtable.] Formidable; dread; terrible to foes; as, a redoubtable hero; hence, valiant; -- often in contempt or burlesque. [Written also redoutable.]

Re*doubt"ed, a. Formidable; dread. "Some redoubted knight." Spenser.

Lord regent, and redoubted Burgandy.

Shak.

Re*doubt"ing, n. Reverence; honor. [Obs.]

In redoutyng of Mars and of his glory.

Chaucer.

Re*dound" (r?*dound"), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Redounded; p. pr. & vb. n. Redounding.] [F. redonder, L. redundare; pref. red-, re-, re- + undare to rise in waves or surges, fr. unda a wave. See Undulate, and cf. Redundant.] 1. To roll back, as a wave or flood; to be sent or driven back; to flow back, as a consequence or effect; to conduce; to contribute; to result.

The evil, soon Driven back, redounded as a flood on those From whom it sprung.

Milton.

The honor done to our religion ultimately redounds to God, the author of it.

Rogers.

both . . . will devour great quantities of paper, there will no small use redound from them to that manufacture.

Addison.

2. To be in excess; to remain over and above; to be redundant; to overflow.

For every dram of honey therein found, A pound of gall doth over it redound.

Spenser.

Re*dound", n. 1. The coming back, as of consequence or effect; result; return; requital.

We give you welcome; not without redound Of use and glory to yourselves ye come.

Tennyson.

2. Rebound; reverberation. [R.] Codrington.

Red"ow*a (r?d"?*?), n. [F., fr. Bohemian.] A Bohemian dance of two kinds, one in triple time, like a waltz, the other in two-four time, like a polka. The former is most in use.

Red"pole` (r?d"p?l`), n. (Zoöl.) Same as Redpoll.

Red"poll` (-p?l`), n. (Zoöl.) (a) Any one of several species of small northern finches of the genus Acanthis (formerly Ægiothus), native of Europe and America. The adults have the crown red or rosy. The male of the most common species (A. linarius) has also the breast and rump rosy. Called also redpoll linnet. See Illust. under Linnet. (b) The common European linnet. (c) The American redpoll warbler (Dendroica palmarum).

Re*draft" (r*drft"), v. t. To draft or draw anew.

Re*draft", n. 1. A second draft or copy.

2. (Com.) A new bill of exchange which the holder of a protected bill draws on the drawer or indorsers, in order to recover the amount of the protested bill with costs and charges.

Re*draw" (r?*dr?"), v. t. [imp. Redrew (-dr?");p. p. Redrawn (-drn"); p. pr. & vb. n. Redrawing.] To draw again; to make a second draft or copy of; to redraft.

Re*draw", v. i. (Com.) To draw a new bill of exchange, as the holder of a protested bill, on the drawer or indorsers.

Re*dress" (r?*dr?s"), v. t. [Pref. re- + dress.] To dress again.

Re*dress" (r?*dr?s"), v. t. [F. redresser to straighten; pref. re- re- + dresser to raise, arrange. See Dress.]

1. To put in order again; to set right; to emend; to revise. [R.]

The common profit could she redress.

Chaucer.

In yonder spring of roses intermixed With myrtle, find what to redress till noon.

Milton.

Your wish that I should redress a certain paper which you had prepared.

A. Hamilton.

2. To set right, as a wrong; to repair, as an injury; to make amends for; to remedy; to relieve from.

Those wrongs, those bitter injuries, . . . I doubt not but with honor to redress.

Shak.

3. To make amends or compensation to; to relieve of anything unjust or oppressive; to bestow relief upon. "'T is thine, O king! the afflicted to redress." Dryden.

Will Gaul or Muscovite redress ye?

Byron.

Re*dress", n. 1. The act of redressing; a making right; reformation; correction; amendment. [R.]

Reformation of evil laws is commendable, but for us the more necessary is a speedy redress of ourselves.

Hooker.

2. A setting right, as of wrong, injury, or opression; as, the redress of grievances; hence, relief; remedy; reparation; indemnification. Shak.

A few may complain without reason; but there is occasion for redress when the cry is universal.

Davenant.

3. One who, or that which, gives relief; a redresser.

Fair majesty, the refuge and redress Of those whom fate pursues and wants oppress.

Dryden.

Re*dress"al (r?*dr?s"al), n. Redress.

Re*dress"er (-?r), n. One who redresses.

Re*dress"i*ble (-?*b'l), a. Such as may be redressed.

Re*dress"ive (-?v), a. Tending to redress. Thomson.

Re*dress"less, a. Not having redress; such as can not be redressed; irremediable. Sherwood.

Re*dress"ment (-ment), n. [Cf. F. redressement.] The act of redressing; redress. Jefferson.

Red"-rib`and (r?d"r?b`and), n. (Zoöl.) The European red band fish, or fireflame. See Rend fish.

Red"root` (r?d"r?t`), n. (Bot.) A name of several plants having red roots, as the New Jersey tea (see under Tea), the gromwell, the bloodroot, and the Lachnanthes tinctoria, an endogenous plant found in sandy swamps from Rhode Island to Florida.

Red`sear" (r?d`s?r"), v. i. To be brittle when red-hot; to be red-short. Moxon.

Red"shank` (r?d"sh?nk`), n. 1. (Zoöl.) (a) A common Old World limicoline bird (Totanus calidris), having the legs and feet pale red. The spotted redshank (T. fuscus) is larger, and has orange-red legs. Called also redshanks, redleg, and clee. (b) The fieldfare.

2. A bare-legged person; -- a contemptuous appellation formerly given to the Scotch Highlanders, in allusion to their bare legs. Spenser.

Red"-short` (-sh?rt`), a. (Metal.) Hot-short; brittle when red-hot; -- said of certain kinds of iron. -- Red"-short`ness, n.

Red"skin` (-sk?n`), n. A common appellation for a North American Indian; -- so called from the color of the skin. Cooper.

Red"start` (-st?rt`), n. [Red + start tail.] (Zoöl.) (a) A small, handsome European singing bird (Ruticilla phœnicurus), allied to the nightingale; -- called also redtail, brantail, fireflirt, firetail. The black redstart is P.tithys. The name is also applied to several other species of Ruticilla amnd allied genera, native of India. (b) An American fly-catching warbler (Setophaga ruticilla). The male is black, with large patches of orange-red on the sides, wings, and tail. The female is olive, with yellow patches.

Red"streak` (-str?k`), n. 1. A kind of apple having the skin streaked with red and yellow, -- a favorite English cider apple. Mortimer.

2. Cider pressed from redstreak apples.

Red"tail` (-t?l`), n. (Zoöl.) (a) The red-tailed hawk. (b) The European redstart.

Red"-tailed` (-t?ld`), a. Having a red tail.

Red-tailed hawk (Zoöl.), a large North American hawk (Buteo borealis). When adult its tail is chestnut red. Called also hen hawck, and red-tailed buzzard.

Red"-tape` (-t?p`), a. Pertaining to, or characterized by, official formality. See Red tape, under Red, a.

Red`-tap"ism (r?d`t?p"?z'm), n. Strict adherence to official formalities. J. C. Shairp.

Red`-tap"ist, n. One who is tenacious of a strict adherence to official formalities. Ld. Lytton.

Red"throat` (r?d"thr?t`), n. (Zoöl.) A small Australian singing bird (Phyrrholæmus brunneus). The upper parts are brown, the center of the throat red.

Red"top` (-t?p`), n. (Bot.) A kind of grass (Agrostis vulgaris) highly valued in the United States for pasturage and hay for cattle; -- called also English grass, and in some localities herd's grass. See Illustration in Appendix. The tall redtop is Triodia seslerioides.

Re*dub" (r?*d?b"), v. t. [F. radouber to refit or repair.] To refit; to repair, or make reparation for; hence, to repay or requite. [Obs.]

It shall be good that you redub that negligence.

Wyatt.

God shall give power to redub it with some like requital to the French.

Grafton.

Re*duce" (r*ds"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reduced (-dst"),; p. pr. & vb. n. Reducing (- d"sng).] [L. reducere, reductum; pref. red-. re-, re- + ducere to lead. See Duke, and cf. Redoubt, n.] 1. To bring or lead back to any former place or condition. [Obs.]

And to his brother's house reduced his wife.

Chapman.

The sheep must of necessity be scattered, unless the great Shephered of souls oppose, or some of his delegates reduce and direct us.

Evelyn.

2. To bring to any inferior state, with respect to rank, size, quantity, quality, value, etc.; to diminish; to lower; to degrade; to impair; as, to reduce a sergeant to the ranks; to reduce a drawing; to reduce expenses; to reduce the intensity of heat. "An ancient but reduced family." Sir W. Scott.

Nothing so excellent but a man may fasten upon something belonging to it, to reduce it.

Tillotson.

Having reduced Their foe to misery beneath their fears.

Milton.

Hester Prynne was shocked at the condition to which she found the clergyman reduced.

Hawthorne.

3. To bring to terms; to humble; to conquer; to subdue; to capture; as, to reduce a province or a fort.

<! p. 1205 !>

4. To bring to a certain state or condition by grinding, pounding, kneading, rubbing, etc.; as, to reduce a substance to powder, or to a pasty mass; to reduce fruit, wood, or paper rags, to pulp.

It were but right And equal to reduce me to my dust.

Milton.

5. To bring into a certain order, arrangement, classification, etc.; to bring under rules or within certain limits of descriptions and terms adapted to use in computation; as, to reduce animals or vegetables to a class or classes; to reduce a series of observations in astronomy; to reduce language to rules.

6. (Arith.) (a) To change, as numbers, from one denomination into another without altering their value, or from one denomination into others of the same value; as, to reduce pounds, shillings, and pence to pence, or to reduce pence to pounds; to reduce days and hours to minutes, or minutes to days and hours. (b) To change the form of a quantity or expression without altering its value; as, to reduce fractions to their lowest terms, to a common denominator, etc.