Chapter 12

2. (Law) A person appointed, ordinarily by a court, to receive, and hold in trust, money or other property which is the subject of litigation, pending the suit; a person appointed to take charge of the estate and effects of a corporation, and to do other acts necessary to winding up its affairs, in certain cases. Bouvier.

3. One who takes or buys stolen goods from a thief, knowing them to be stolen. Blackstone.

4. (Chem.) (a) A vessel connected with an alembic, a retort, or the like, for receiving and condensing the product of distillation. (b) A vessel for receiving and containing gases.

5. (Pneumatics) The glass vessel in which the vacuum is produced, and the objects of experiment are put, in experiments with an air pump. Cf. Bell jar, and see Illust. of Air pump.

6. (Steam Engine) (a) A vessel for receiving the exhaust steam from the high-pressure cylinder before it enters the low-pressure cylinder, in a compound engine. (b) A capacious vessel for receiving steam from a distant boiler, and supplying it dry to an engine.

7. That portion of a telephonic apparatus, or similar system, at which the message is received and made audible; -- opposed to transmitter.

Exhausted receiver (Physics), a receiver, as that used with the air pump, from which the air has been withdrawn; a vessel the interior of which is a more or less complete vacuum.

Re*ceiv"er*ship, n. The state or office of a receiver.

Re*cel"e*brate (r*sl"*brt), v. t. To celebrate again, or anew. -- Re*cel`e*bra"tion (-br"shn), n.

Re"cen*cy (r"sen*s), n. [LL. recentia, fr. L. recens. See Recent.] The state or quality of being recent; newness; new state; late origin; lateness in time; freshness; as, the recency of a transaction, of a wound, etc.

Re*cense" (r*sns"), v. t. [L. recensere; pref. re- again + censere to value, estimate: cf. F. recenser.] To review; to revise. [R.] Bentley.

Re*cen"sion (r*sn"shn), n. [L. recensio: cf. F. recension.] 1. The act of reviewing or revising; review; examination; enumeration. Barrow.

2. Specifically, the review of a text (as of an ancient author) by an editor; critical revisal and establishment.

3. The result of such a work; a text established by critical revision; an edited version.

Re*cen"sion*ist, n. One who makes recensions; specifically, a critical editor.

Re"cent (r"sent), a. [L. recens, -entis: cf. F. récent.] 1. Of late origin, existence, or occurrence; lately come; not of remote date, antiquated style, or the like; not already known, familiar, worn out, trite, etc.; fresh; novel; new; modern; as, recent news.

The ancients were of opinion, that a considerable portion of that country [Egypt] was recent, and formed out of the mud discharged into the neighboring sea by the Nile.

Woodward.

2. (Geol.) Of or pertaining to the present or existing epoch; as, recent shells.

Re*cen"ter (r*sn"tr), v. t. [Pref. re- + center.] To center again; to restore to the center. Coleridge.

Re"cent*ly (r"sent*l), adv. Newly; lately; freshly; not long since; as, advices recently received.

Re"cent*ness, n. Quality or state of being recent.

Re*cep"ta*cle (r*sp"t*k'l), n. [F. réceptacle, L. receptaculum, fr. receptare, v. intens. fr. recipere to receive. See Receive.] 1. That which serves, or is used, for receiving and containing something, as a basket, a vase, a bag, a reservoir; a repository.

O sacred receptacle of my joys!

Shak.

2. (Bot.) (a) The apex of the flower stalk, from which the organs of the flower grow, or into which they are inserted. See Illust. of Flower, and Ovary. (b) The dilated apex of a pedicel which serves as a common support to a head of flowers. (c) An intercellular cavity containing oil or resin or other matters. (d) A special branch which bears the fructification in many cryptogamous plants.

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Rec`ep*tac"u*lar (rs`p*tk"*lr), a. [Cf. F. réceptaculaire.] (Bot.) Pertaining to the receptacle, or growing on it; as, the receptacular chaff or scales in the sunflower.

||Rec`ep*tac"u*lum (-lm), n.; pl. Receptacula (-l). [L.] (Anat.) A ||receptacle; as, the receptaculum of the chyle.

Rec"ep*ta*ry (rs"p*t*r), a. Generally or popularly admitted or received. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Rec"ep*ta*ry, n. That which is received. [Obs.] "Receptaries of philosophy." Sir T. Browne.

Re*cep`ti*bil"i*ty (r*sp`t*bl"*t), n. 1. The quality or state of being receptible; receivableness.

2. A receptible thing. [R.] Glanvill.

Re*cep"ti*ble (r*sp"t*b'l), a. [L. receptibilis.] Such as may be received; receivable.

Re*cep"tion (-shn), n. [F. réception, L. receptio, fr. recipere, receptum. See Receive.] 1. The act of receiving; receipt; admission; as, the reception of food into the stomach; the reception of a letter; the reception of sensation or ideas; reception of evidence.

2. The state of being received.

3. The act or manner of receiving, esp. of receiving visitors; entertainment; hence, an occasion or ceremony of receiving guests; as, a hearty reception; an elaborate reception.

What reception a poem may find.

Goldsmith.

4. Acceptance, as of an opinion or doctrine.

Philosophers who have quitted the popular doctrines of their countries have fallen into as extravagant opinions as even common reception countenanced.

Locke.

5. A retaking; a recovery. [Obs.] Bacon.

Re*cep"tive (r*sp"tv), a. [Cf. F. réceptif. See Receive.] Having the quality of receiving; able or inclined to take in, absorb, hold, or contain; receiving or containing; as, a receptive mind.

Imaginary space is receptive of all bodies.

Glanvill.

Re*cep"tive*ness, n. The quality of being receptive.

Rec`ep*tiv"i*ty (rs`p*tv"*t or r`sp- ), n. [Cf. F. réceptivité.] 1. The state or quality of being receptive.

2. (Kantian Philos.) The power or capacity of receiving impressions, as those of the external senses.

Re*cep"to*ry (r*sp"t*r; 277), n. [Cf. L. receptorium a place of shelter.] Receptacle. [Obs.] Holland.

Re*cess" (r*ss"), n. [L. recessus, fr. recedere, recessum. See Recede.] 1. A withdrawing or retiring; a moving back; retreat; as, the recess of the tides.

Every degree of ignorance being so far a recess and degradation from rationality.

South.

My recess hath given them confidence that I may be conquered.

Eikon Basilike.

2. The state of being withdrawn; seclusion; privacy.

In the recess of the jury they are to consider the evidence.

Sir M. Hale.

Good verse recess and solitude requires.

Dryden.

3. Remission or suspension of business or procedure; intermission, as of a legislative body, court, or school.

The recess of . . . Parliament lasted six weeks.

Macaulay.

4. Part of a room formed by the receding of the wall, as an alcove, niche, etc.

A bed which stood in a deep recess.

W. Irving.

5. A place of retirement, retreat, secrecy, or seclusion.

Departure from this happy place, our sweet Recess, and only consolation left.

Milton.

6. Secret or abstruse part; as, the difficulties and recesses of science. I. Watts.

7. (Bot. & Zoöl.) A sinus.

Re*cess", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Recessed; p. pr. & vb. n. Recessing.] To make a recess in; as, to recess a wall.

Re*cess", n. [G.] A decree of the imperial diet of the old German empire. Brande & C.

Re*cessed" (r*sst"), a. 1. Having a recess or recesses; as, a recessed arch or wall.

2. Withdrawn; secluded. [R.] "Comfortably recessed from curious impertinents." Miss Edgeworth.

Recessed arch (Arch.), one of a series of arches constructed one within another so as to correspond with splayed jambs of a doorway, or the like.

Re*ces"sion (r*ssh"n), n. [L. recessio, fr. recedere, recessum. See Recede.] The act of receding or withdrawing, as from a place, a claim, or a demand. South.

Mercy may rejoice upon the recessions of justice.

Jer. Taylor.

Re*ces"sion, n. [Pref. re- + cession.] The act of ceding back; restoration; repeated cession; as, the recession of conquered territory to its former sovereign.

Re*ces"sion*al (-al), a. Of or pertaining to recession or withdrawal.

Recessional hymn, a hymn sung in a procession returning from the choir to the robing room.

Re*ces"sive (r*ss"sv), a. Going back; receding.

Re"chab*ite (r"kb*t), n. (Jewish Hist.) One of the descendants of Jonadab, the son of Rechab, all of whom by his injunction abstained from the use of intoxicating drinks and even from planting the vine. Jer. xxxv. 2-19. Also, in modern times, a member of a certain society of abstainers from alcoholic liquors.

Re*change" (r*chnj"), v. t. & i. To change again, or change back.

Re*charge" (r*chärj"), v. t. & i. [Pref. re- + charge: cf. F. recharger.] 1. To charge or accuse in return.

2. To attack again; to attack anew. Dryden.

Re*char"ter (r*chär"tr), n. A second charter; a renewal of a charter. D. Webster.

Re*char"ter, v. t. To charter again or anew; to grant a second or another charter to.

Re*chase" (r*chs"), v. t. [Pref. re- + chase: cf. F. rechasser.] To chase again; to chase or drive back.

Re*cheat" (r*cht"), n. [F. requêté, fr. requêter to hunt anew. See Request.] (Sporting) A strain given on the horn to call back the hounds when they have lost track of the game.

Re*cheat", v. i. To blow the recheat. Drayton.

||Re*cher`ché" (re*shâr`sh"), a. [F.] Sought out with care; choice. ||Hence: of rare quality, elegance, or attractiveness; peculiar and ||refined in kind.

Rech"less (rk"ls), a. Reckless. [Obs.] P. Plowman.

Re*choose" (r*chz"), v. t. To choose again.

Re*cid"i*vate (r*sd"*vt), v. i. [LL. recidivare. See Recidivous.] To backslide; to fall again. [Obs.]

Re*cid`i*va"tion (-v"shn), n. [LL. recidivatio.] A falling back; a backsliding. Hammond.

Re*cid"i*vous (r*sd"*vs), a. [L. recidivus, fr. recidere to fall back.] Tending or liable to backslide or relapse to a former condition or habit.

Rec"i*pe (rs"*p), n.; pl. Recipes (- pz). [L., imperative of recipere to take back, take in, receive. See Receive.] A formulary or prescription for making some combination, mixture, or preparation of materials; a receipt; especially, a prescription for medicine.

Re*cip"i*an`gle (r*sp"*`g'l), n. [L. recipere to take + angulus angle.] An instrument with two arms that are pivoted together at one end, and a graduated arc, -- used by military engineers for measuring and laying off angles of fortifications.

{ Re*cip"i*ence (r*sp"*ens), Re*cip"i*en*cy (-en*s), } n. The quality or state of being recipient; a receiving; reception; receptiveness.

Re*cip"i*ent (-ent), n. [L. recipiens, -entis, receiving, p. pr. of recipere to receive: cf. F. récipient. See Receive.] A receiver; the person or thing that receives; one to whom, or that to which, anything is given or communicated; specifically, the receiver of a still.

Re*cip"i*ent, a. Receiving; receptive.

Re*cip"ro*cal (-r*kal), a. [L. reciprocus; of unknown origin.] 1. Recurring in vicissitude; alternate.

2. Done by each to the other; interchanging or interchanged; given and received; due from each to each; mutual; as, reciprocal love; reciprocal duties.

Let our reciprocal vows be remembered.

Shak.

3. Mutually interchangeable.

These two rules will render a definition reciprocal with the thing defined.

I. Watts.

4. (Gram.) Reflexive; -- applied to pronouns and verbs, but sometimes limited to such pronouns as express mutual action.

5. (Math.) Used to denote different kinds of mutual relation; often with reference to the substitution of reciprocals for given quantities. See the Phrases below.

Reciprocal equation (Math.), one which remains unchanged in form when the reciprocal of the unknown quantity is substituted for that quantity. -- Reciprocal figures (Geom.), two figures of the same kind (as triangles, parallelograms, prisms, etc.), so related that two sides of the one form the extremes of a proportion of which the means are the two corresponding sides of the other; in general, two figures so related that the first corresponds in some special way to the second, and the second corresponds in the same way to the first. -- Reciprocal proportion (Math.), a proportion such that, of four terms taken in order, the first has to the second the same ratio which the fourth has to the third, or the first has to the second the same ratio which the reciprocal of the third has to the reciprocal of the fourth. Thus, 2:5: :20:8 form a reciprocal proportion, because 2:5: :1/20:1/8. -- Reciprocal quantities (Math.), any two quantities which produce unity when multiplied together. -- Reciprocal ratio (Math.), the ratio between the reciprocals of two quantities; as, the reciprocal ratio of 4 to 9 is that of ¼ to . -- Reciprocal terms (Logic), those terms which have the same signification, and, consequently, are convertible, and may be used for each other.

Syn. -- Mutual; alternate. -- Reciprocal, Mutual. The distinctive idea of mutual is, that the parties unite by interchange in the same act; as, a mutual covenant; mutual affection, etc. The distinctive idea of reciprocal is, that one party acts by way of return or response to something previously done by the other party; as, a reciprocal kindness; reciprocal reproaches, etc. Love is reciprocal when the previous affection of one party has drawn forth the attachment of the other. To make it mutual in the strictest sense, the two parties should have fallen in love at the same time; but as the result is the same, the two words are here used interchangeably. The ebbing and flowing of the tide is a case where the action is reciprocal, but not mutual.

Re*cip"ro*cal, n. 1. That which is reciprocal to another thing.

Corruption is a reciprocal to generation.

Bacon.

2. (Arith. & Alg.) The quotient arising from dividing unity by any quantity; thus, ¼ is the reciprocal of 4; 1/(a +b) is the reciprocal of a + b. The reciprocal of a fraction is the fraction inverted, or the denominator divided by the numerator.

Re*cip`ro*cal"i*ty (-kl"*t), n. The quality or condition of being reciprocal; reciprocalness. [R.]

Re*cip"ro*cal*ly (r*sp"r*kal*l), adv. 1. In a reciprocal manner; so that each affects the other, and is equally affected by it; interchangeably; mutually.

These two particles do reciprocally affect each other with the same force.

Bentley.

2. (Math.) In the manner of reciprocals.

Reciprocally proportional (Arith. & Alg.), proportional, as two variable quantities, so that the one shall have a constant ratio to the reciprocal of the other.

Re*cip"ro*cal*ness (r*sp"r*kal*ns), n. The quality or condition of being reciprocal; mutual return; alternateness.

Re*cip"ro*cate (-kt), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Reciprocated (- k`td); p. pr. & vb. n. Reciprocating.] [L. reciprocatus, p. p. of reciprocare. See Reciprocal.] To move forward and backward alternately; to recur in vicissitude; to act interchangeably; to alternate.

One brawny smith the puffing bellows plies, And draws and blows reciprocating air.

Dryden.

Reciprocating engine, a steam, air, or gas engine, etc., in which the piston moves back and forth; -- in distinction from a rotary engine, in which the piston travels continuously in one direction in a circular path. -- Reciprocating motion (Mech.), motion alternately backward and forward, or up and down, as of a piston rod.

Re*cip"ro*cate, v. t. To give and return mutually; to make return for; to give in return; to interchange; to alternate; as, to reciprocate favors. Cowper.

Re*cip`ro*ca"tion (-k"shn), n. [L. reciprocatio: cf. F. réciprocation.] 1. The act of reciprocating; interchange of acts; a mutual giving and returning; as, the reciprocation of kindnesses.

2. Alternate recurrence or action; as, the reciprocation of the sea in the flow and ebb of tides. Sir T. Browne.

Rec`i*proc"i*ty (rs`*prs"*t), n. [Cf. F. réciprocité. See Reciprocal.] 1. Mutual action and reaction.

2. Reciprocal advantages, obligations, or rights; reciprocation.

Reciprocity treaty, or Treaty of reciprocity, a treaty concluded between two countries, conferring equal privileges as regards customs or charges on imports, or in other respects.

Syn. -- Reciprocation; interchange; mutuality.

Re*cip`ro*cor"nous (r*sp`r*kôr"ns), a. [L. reciprocus returning, reciprocal + cornu horn.] (Zoöl.) Having horns turning backward and then forward, like those of a ram. [R.] Ash.

Re*cip"ro*cous (r*sp"r*ks), a. Reciprocal. [Obs.]

Rec"i*prok (rs"*prk), a. [F. réciproque, L. reciprocus.] Reciprocal. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Rec"i*proque (rs"*prk), a. & n. [F. réciproque.] Reciprocal. Bacon.

Re*ci"sion (r*szh"n), n. [L. recisio, fr. recidere, recisum, to cut off; pref. re- re- + caedere to cut.] The act of cutting off. Sherwood.

Re*cit"al (r*st"al), n. [From Recite.] 1. The act of reciting; the repetition of the words of another, or of a document; rehearsal; as, the recital of testimony.

2. A telling in detail and due order of the particulars of anything, as of a law, an adventure, or a series of events; narration. Addison.

3. That which is recited; a story; a narration.

4. (Mus.) A vocal or instrumental performance by one person; -- distinguished from concert; as, a song recital; an organ, piano, or violin recital.

5. (Law) The formal statement, or setting forth, of some matter of fact in any deed or writing in order to explain the reasons on which the transaction is founded; the statement of matter in pleading introductory to some positive allegation. Burn.

Syn. -- Account; rehearsal; recitation; narration; description; explanation; enumeration; detail; narrative. See Account.

Rec`i*ta"tion (rs`*t"shn), n. [L. recitatio: cf. F. récitation. See Recite.] 1. The act of reciting; rehearsal; repetition of words or sentences. Hammond.

2. The delivery before an audience of something committed to memory, especially as an elocutionary exhibition; also, that which is so delivered.

3. (Colleges and Schools) The rehearsal of a lesson by pupils before their instructor.

Rec`i*ta*tive" (rs`*t*tv"), n. [It. recitativo, or F. récitatif. See Recite.] (Mus.) A species of musical recitation in which the words are delivered in a manner resembling that of ordinary declamation; also, a piece of music intended for such recitation; -- opposed to melisma.

Rec`i*ta*tive", a. Of or pertaining to recitation; intended for musical recitation or declamation; in the style or manner of recitative. -- Rec`i*ta*tive"ly, adv.

||Rec`i*ta*ti"vo (-t"v), n. [It.] (Mus.) Recitative.

Re*cite" (r*st"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Recited; p. pr. & vb. n. Reciting.] [F. réciter, fr. L. recitare, recitatum; pref. re- re- + citare to call or name, to cite. See Cite.] 1. To repeat, as something already prepared, written down, committed to memory, or the like; to deliver from a written or printed document, or from recollection; to rehearse; as, to recite the words of an author, or of a deed or covenant.

2. To tell over; to go over in particulars; to relate; to narrate; as, to recite past events; to recite the particulars of a voyage.

3. To rehearse, as a lesson to an instructor.

4. (Law) To state in or as a recital. See Recital, 5.

Syn. -- To rehearse; narrate; relate; recount; describe; recapitulate; detail; number; count.

Re*cite", v. i. To repeat, pronounce, or rehearse, as before an audience, something prepared or committed to memory; to rehearse a lesson learned.

Re*cite", n. A recital. [Obs.] Sir W. Temple.

Re*cit"er (-st"r), n. One who recites; also, a book of extracts for recitation.

Reck (rk), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Recked (rkt) (obs. imp. Roughte); p. pr. & vb. n. Recking.] [AS. reccan, rcan, to care for; akin to OS. rkian, OHG. ruochan, G. geruhen, Icel. rækja, also to E. reckon, rake an implement. See Rake, and cf. Reckon.] 1. To make account of; to care for; to heed; to regard. [Archaic]

This son of mine not recking danger.

Sir P. Sidney.

And may you better reck the rede Than ever did the adviser.

Burns.

2. To concern; -- used impersonally. [Poetic]

What recks it them?

Milton.

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Reck (rk), v. i. To make account; to take heed; to care; to mind; -- often followed by of. [Archaic]

Then reck I not, when I have lost my life.

Chaucer.

I reck not though I end my life to- day.

Shak.

Of me she recks not, nor my vain desire.

M. Arnold.

Reck"less, a. [AS. recceleás, rceleás.] 1. Inattentive to duty; careless; neglectful; indifferent. Chaucer.

2. Rashly negligent; utterly careless or heedless.

It made the king as reckless as them diligent.

Sir P. Sidney.

Syn. -- Heedless; careless; mindless; thoughtless; negligent; indifferent; regardless; unconcerned; inattentive; remiss; rash.

-- Reck"less*ly, adv. -- Reck"less*ness, n.

Reck"ling (-lng), a. Needing care; weak; feeble; as, a reckling child. H. Taylor. -- n. A weak child or animal. Tennyson.

Reck"on (rk"'n), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reckoned (-'nd); p. pr. & vb. n. Reckoning.] [OE. rekenen, AS. gerecenian to explain; akin to D. rekenen to reckon, G. rechnen, OHG. rehhann (cf. Goth. rahnjan), and to E. reck, rake an implement; the original sense probably being, to bring together, count together. See Reck, v. t.]

1. To count; to enumerate; to number; also, to compute; to calculate.

The priest shall reckon to him the money according to the years that remain.

Lev. xxvii. 18.

I reckoned above two hundred and fifty on the outside of the church.

Addison.

2. To count as in a number, rank, or series; to estimate by rank or quality; to place by estimation; to account; to esteem; to repute.

He was reckoned among the transgressors.

Luke xxii. 37.

For him I reckon not in high estate.

Milton.

3. To charge, attribute, or adjudge to one, as having a certain quality or value.

Faith was reckoned to Abraham for righteousness.

Rom. iv. 9.

Without her eccentricities being reckoned to her for a crime.

Hawthorne.

4. To conclude, as by an enumeration and balancing of chances; hence, to think; to suppose; -- followed by an objective clause; as, I reckon he won't try that again. [Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U. S.]

Syn. -- To number; enumerate; compute; calculate; estimate; value; esteem; account; repute. See Calculate, Guess.

Reck"on, v. i. 1. To make an enumeration or computation; to engage in numbering or computing. Shak.

2. To come to an accounting; to make up accounts; to settle; to examine and strike the balance of debt and credit; to adjust relations of desert or penalty.

"Parfay," sayst thou, "sometime he reckon shall."

Chaucer.

To reckon for, to answer for; to pay the account for. "If they fail in their bounden duty, they shall reckon for it one day." Bp. Sanderson. -- To reckon on or upon, to count or depend on. -- To reckon with, to settle accounts or claims with; -- used literally or figuratively.

After a long time the lord of those servants cometh, and reckoneth with them.

Matt. xxv. 19.

-- To reckon without one's host, to ignore in a calculation or arrangement the person whose assent is essential; hence, to reckon erroneously.

Reck"on*er (-r), n. One who reckons or computes; also, a book of calculations, tables, etc., to assist in reckoning.

Reckoners without their host must reckon twice.

Camden.

Reck"on*ing, n. 1. The act of one who reckons, counts, or computes; the result of reckoning or counting; calculation. Specifically: (a) An account of time. Sandys. (b) Adjustment of claims and accounts; settlement of obligations, liabilities, etc.

Even reckoning makes lasting friends, and the way to make reckonings even is to make them often.

South.

He quitted London, never to return till the day of a terrible and memorable reckoning had arrived.

Macaulay.

2. The charge or account made by a host at an inn.

A coin would have a nobler use than to pay a reckoning.

Addison.

3. Esteem; account; estimation.

You make no further reckoning of it [beauty] than of an outward fading benefit nature bestowed.

Sir P. Sidney.