Chapter 14

She loved me for the dangers I had passed.

Shak.

(c) To go by without noticing; to omit attention to; to take no note of; to disregard.

Please you that I may pass This doing.

Shak.

I pass their warlike pomp, their proud array.

Dryden.

(d) To transcend; to surpass; to excel; to exceed.

And strive to pass . . . Their native music by her skillful art.

Spenser.

Whose tender power Passes the strength of storms in their most desolate hour.

Byron.

(e) To go successfully through, as an examination, trail, test, etc.; to obtain the formal sanction of, as a legislative body; as, he passed his examination; the bill passed the senate.

2. In causative senses: as: (a) To cause to move or go; to send; to transfer from one person, place, or condition to another; to transmit; to deliver; to hand; to make over; as, the waiter passed bisquit and cheese; the torch was passed from hand to hand.

I had only time to pass my eye over the medals.

Addison.

Waller passed over five thousand horse and foot by Newbridge.

Clarendon.

(b) To cause to pass the lips; to utter; to pronounce; hence, to promise; to pledge; as, to pass sentence. Shak.

Father, thy word is passed.

Milton.

(c) To cause to advance by stages of progress; to carry on with success through an ordeal, examination, or action; specifically, to give legal or official sanction to; to ratify; to enact; to approve as valid and just; as, he passed the bill through the committee; the senate passed the law. (e) To put in circulation; to give currency to; as, to pass counterfeit money. "Pass the happy news." Tennyson. (f) To cause to obtain entrance, admission, or conveyance; as, to pass a person into a theater, or over a railroad.

3. To emit from the bowels; to evacuate.

4. (Naut.) To take a turn with (a line, gasket, etc.), as around a sail in furling, and make secure.

5. (Fencing) To make, as a thrust, punto, etc. Shak.

Passed midshipman. See under Midshipman. -- To pass a dividend, to omit the declaration and payment of a dividend at the time when due. -- To pass away, to spend; to waste. "Lest she pass away the flower of her age." Ecclus. xlii. 9. -- To pass by. (a) To disregard; to neglect. (b) To excuse; to spare; to overlook. -- To pass off, to impose fraudulently; to palm off. "Passed himself off as a bishop." Macaulay. -- To pass (something) on or upon (some one), to put upon as a trick or cheat; to palm off. "She passed the child on her husband for a boy." Dryden. -- To pass over, to overlook; not to note or resent; as, to pass over an affront.

Pass, n. [Cf. F. pas (for sense 1), and passe, fr. passer to pass. See Pass, v. i.] 1. An opening, road, or track, available for passing; especially, one through or over some dangerous or otherwise impracticable barrier; a passageway; a defile; a ford; as, a mountain pass.

"Try not the pass!" the old man said.

Longfellow.

2. (Fencing) A thrust or push; an attempt to stab or strike an adversary. Shak.

3. A movement of the hand over or along anything; the manipulation of a mesmerist.

4. (Rolling Metals) A single passage of a bar, rail, sheet, etc., between the rolls.

5. State of things; condition; predicament.

Have his daughters brought him to this pass.

Shak.

Matters have been brought to this pass.

South.

6. Permission or license to pass, or to go and come; a psssport; a ticket permitting free transit or admission; as, a railroad or theater pass; a military pass.

A ship sailing under the flag and pass of an enemy.

Kent.

7. Fig.: a thrust; a sally of wit. Shak.

8. Estimation; character. [Obs.]

Common speech gives him a worthy pass.

Shak.

9. [Cf. Passus.] A part; a division. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Pass boat (Naut.), a punt, or similar boat. -- Pass book. (a) A book in which a trader enters articles bought on credit, and then passes or sends it to the purchaser. (b) See Bank book. -- Pass box (Mil.), a wooden or metallic box, used to carry cartridges from the service magazine to the piece. -- Pass check, a ticket of admission to a place of entertainment, or of readmission for one who goes away in expectation of returning.

Pass"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. passable.] 1. Capable of being passed, traveled, navigated, traversed, penetrated, or the like; as, the roads are not passable; the stream is passablein boats.

His body's a passable carcass if it be not hurt; it is a throughfare for steel.

Shak.

2. Capable of being freely circulated or disseminated; acceptable; generally receivable; current.

With men as with false money -- one piece is more or less passable than another.

L'Estrange.

Could they have made this slander passable.

Collier.

3. Such as may be allowed to pass without serious objection; tolerable; admissable; moderate; mediocre.

My version will appear a passable beauty when the original muse is absent.

Dryden.

Pass"a*ble*ness, n. The quality of being passable.

Pass"a*bly, adv. Tolerably; moderately.

{ ||Pas`sa*ca*glia (?), ||Pas`sa*ca*glio (?), } n. [Sp. pasacalle a certain tune on the guitar, prop., a tune played in passing through the streets.] (Mus.) An old Italian or Spanish dance tune, in slow three-four measure, with divisions on a ground bass, resembling a chaconne.

{ Pas*sade" (?), Pas*sa"do (?), } n. [F. passade; cf. Sp. pasada. See Pass, v. i.] 1. (Fencing) A pass or thrust. Shak.

2. (Man.) A turn or course of a horse backward or forward on the same spot of ground.

Pas"sage (?), n. [F. passage. See Pass, v. i.] 1. The act of passing; transit from one place to another; movement from point to point; a going by, over, across, or through; as, the passage of a man or a carriage; the passage of a ship or a bird; the passage of light; the passage of fluids through the pores or channels of the body.

What! are my doors opposed against my passage!

Shak.

2. Transit by means of conveyance; journey, as by water, carriage, car, or the like; travel; right, liberty, or means, of passing; conveyance.

The ship in which he had taken passage.

Macaulay.

3. Price paid for the liberty to pass; fare; as, to pay one's passage.

4. Removal from life; decease; departure; death. [R.] "Endure thy mortal passage." Milton.

When he is fit and season'd for his passage.

Shak.

5. Way; road; path; channel or course through or by which one passes; way of exit or entrance; way of access or transit. Hence, a common avenue to various apartments in a building; a hall; a corridor.

And with his pointed dart Explores the nearest passage to his heart.

Dryden.

The Persian army had advanced into the . . . passages of Cilicia.

South.

6. A continuous course, process, or progress; a connected or continuous series; as, the passage of time.

The conduct and passage of affairs.

Sir J. Davies.

The passage and whole carriage of this action.

Shak.

7. A separate part of a course, process, or series; an occurrence; an incident; an act or deed. "In thy passages of life." Shak.

The . . . almost incredible passage of their unbelief.

South.

8. A particular portion constituting a part of something continuous; esp., a portion of a book, speech, or musical composition; a paragraph; a clause.

How commentators each dark passage shun.

Young.

9. Reception; currency. [Obs.] Sir K. Digby.

10. A pass or en encounter; as, a passage at arms.

No passages of love Betwixt us twain henceforward evermore.

Tennyson.

11. A movement or an evacuation of the bowels.

12. In parliamentary proceedings: (a) The course of a proposition (bill, resolution, etc.) through the several stages of consideration and action; as, during its passage through Congress the bill was amended in both Houses. (b) The advancement of a bill or other proposition from one stage to another by an affirmative vote; esp., the final affirmative action of the body upon a proposition; hence, adoption; enactment; as, the passage of the bill to its third reading was delayed. "The passage of the Stamp Act." D. Hosack.

The final question was then put upon its passage.

Cushing.

In passage, in passing; cursorily. "These . . . have been studied but in passage." Bacon. - - Middle passage, Northeast passage, Northwest passage. See under Middle, Northeast, etc. -- Of passage, passing from one place, region, or climate, to another; migratory; -- said especially of birds. "Birds of passage." Longfellow. -- Passage hawk, a hawk taken on its passage or migration. -- Passage money, money paid for conveyance of a passenger, -- usually for carrying passengers by water.

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Syn. -- Vestibule; hall; corridor. See Vestibule.

Pas"sa*ger (?), n. [See Passenger.] A passenger; a bird or boat of passage. [Obs.] Ld. Berners.

Pas"sage*way` (?), n. A way for passage; a hall. See Passage, 5.

Pas"sant (?), a. [F., p. pr. of passer. See Pass, v. i.] 1. Passing from one to another; in circulation; current. [Obs.]

Many opinions are passant.

Sir T. Browne.

2. Curs&?;ry, careless. [Obs.]

On a passant rewiew of what I wrote to the bishop.

Sir P. Pett.

3. Surpassing; excelling. [Obs.] Chaucer.

4. (Her.) Walking; -- said of any animal on an escutcheon, which is represented as walking with the dexter paw raised.

{ ||Pas`sÈ", masc. ||Pas`sÈ"e, fem. } (?), a. [F.] Past; gone by; hence, past one's prime; worn; faded; as, a passÈe belle. Ld. Lytton.

Passe"garde` (?), n. [F.] (Anc. Armor) A ridge or projecting edge on a shoulder piece to turn the blow of a lance or other weapon from the joint of the armor.

Passe"ment (?), n. [F.] Lace, gimp, braid etc., sewed on a garment. Sir W. Scott.

Passe*men"terie (E. ps*mn"tr; F. p‰`s'm‰N`t'r"), n. [F.] Beaded embroidery for women's dresses.

Pas"sen*ger (?), n. [OE. & F. passager. See Passage, and cf. Messenger.] 1. A passer or passer-by; a wayfarer. Shak.

2. A traveler by some established conveyance, as a coach, steamboat, railroad train, etc.

Passenger falcon (Zoˆl.), a migratory hawk. Ainsworth. -- Passenger pigeon (Zoˆl.), the common wild pigeon of North America (Ectopistes migratorius), so called on account of its extensive migrations.

||Passe" par`tout" (?), n. [F., from passer to pass + partout ||everywhere.] 1. That by which one can pass anywhere; a safe-conduct. ||[Obs.] Dryden.

2. A master key; a latchkey.

3. A light picture frame or mat of cardboard, wood, or the like, usually put between the picture and the glass, and sometimes serving for several pictures.

Pass"er (?), n. One who passes; a passenger.

Pass`er-by" (?), n. One who goes by; a passer.

||Pas"se*res (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. passer a sparrow.] (Zoˆl.) An ||order, or suborder, of birds, including more that half of all the ||known species. It embraces all singing birds (Oscines), together with ||many other small perching birds.

Pas*ser"i*form (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Like or belonging to the Passeres.

Pas"ser*ine (?), a. [L. passerinus, fr. passer a sparrow.] (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to the Passeres.

The columbine, gallinaceous, and passerine tribes people the fruit trees.

Sydney Smith.

Pas"ser*ine, n. (Zoˆl.) One of the Passeres.

Pas`si*bil"i*ty (?), n. [L. passibilitas: cf. F. passibilitÈ.] The quality or state of being passible; aptness to feel or suffer; sensibility. Hakewill.

Pas"si*ble (?), a. [L. passibilis, fr. pati, to suffer: cf. F. passible. See Passion.] Susceptible of feeling or suffering, or of impressions from external agents.

Apolinarius, which held even deity itself passible.

Hooker.

Pas"si*ble*ness, n. Passibility. Brerewood.

||Pas"si*flo"ra (?), n. [NL., from L. passio passion (fr. pati, passus, ||to suffer) + flos, floris, flower.] (Bot.) A genus of plants, ||including the passion flower. It is the type of the order ||PassifloreÊ, which includes about nineteen genera and two hundred and ||fifty species.

||Pas"sim (?), adv. [L.] Here and there; everywhere; as, this word ||occurs passim in the poem.

Pass"ing (?), n. The act of one who, or that which, passes; the act of going by or away.

Passing bell, a tolling of a bell to announce that a soul is passing, or has passed, from its body (formerly done to invoke prayers for the dying); also, a tolling during the passing of a funeral procession to the grave, or during funeral ceremonies. Sir W. Scott. Longfellow.

Pass"ing, a. 1. Relating to the act of passing or going; going by, beyond, through, or away; departing.

2. Exceeding; surpassing, eminent. Chaucer. "Her passing deformity." Shak.

Passing note (Mus.), a character including a passing tone. -- Passing tone (Mus.), a tone introduced between two other tones, on an unaccented portion of a measure, for the sake of smoother melody, but forming no essential part of the harmony.

Pass"ing, adv. Exceedingly; excessively; surpassingly; as, passing fair; passing strange. "You apprehend passing shrewdly." Shak.

Pass"ing*ly, adv. Exceedingly. Wyclif.

Pas"sion (?), n. [F., fr. L. passio, fr. pati, passus, to suffer. See Patient.] 1. A suffering or enduring of imposed or inflicted pain; any suffering or distress (as, a cardiac passion); specifically, the suffering of Christ between the time of the last supper and his death, esp. in the garden upon the cross. "The passions of this time." Wyclif (Rom. viii. 18).

To whom also he showed himself alive after his passion, by many infallible proofs.

Acts i. 3.

2. The state of being acted upon; subjection to an external agent or influence; a passive condition; -- opposed to action.

A body at rest affords us no idea of any active power to move, and, when set is motion, it is rather a passion than an action in it.

Locke.

3. Capacity of being affected by external agents; susceptibility of impressions from external agents. [R.]

Moldable and not moldable, scissible and not scissible, and many other passions of matter.

Bacon.

4. The state of the mind when it is powerfully acted upon and influenced by something external to itself; the state of any particular faculty which, under such conditions, becomes extremely sensitive or uncontrollably excited; any emotion or sentiment (specifically, love or anger) in a state of abnormal or controlling activity; an extreme or inordinate desire; also, the capacity or susceptibility of being so affected; as, to be in a passion; the passions of love, hate, jealously, wrath, ambition, avarice, fear, etc.; a passion for war, or for drink; an orator should have passion as well as rhetorical skill. "A passion fond even to idolatry." Macaulay. "Her passion is to seek roses." Lady M. W. Montagu.

We also are men of like passions with you.

Acts xiv. 15.

The nature of the human mind can not be sufficiently understood, without considering the affections and passions, or those modifications or actions of the mind consequent upon the apprehension of certain objects or events in which the mind generally conceives good or evil.

Hutcheson.

The term passion, and its adverb passionately, often express a very strong predilection for any pursuit, or object of taste -- a kind of enthusiastic fondness for anything.

Cogan.

The bravery of his grief did put me Into a towering passion.

Shak.

The ruling passion, be it what it will, The ruling passion conquers reason still.

Pope.

Who walked in every path of human life, Felt every passion.

Akenside.

When statesmen are ruled by faction and interest, they can have no passion for the glory of their country.

Addison.

5. Disorder of the mind; madness. [Obs.] Shak.

6. Passion week. See Passion week, below. R. of Gl.

Passion flower (Bot.), any flower or plant of the genus Passiflora; -- so named from a fancied resemblance of parts of the flower to the instruments of our Savior's crucifixion.

The flowers are showy, and the fruit is sometimes highly esteemed (see Granadilla, and Maypop). The roots and leaves are generally more or less noxious, and are used in medicine. The plants are mostly tendril climbers, and are commonest in the warmer parts of America, though a few species are Asiatic or Australian.

Passion music (Mus.), originally, music set to the gospel narrative of the passion of our Lord; after the Reformation, a kind of oratorio, with narrative, chorals, airs, and choruses, having for its theme the passion and crucifixion of Christ. -- Passion play, a mystery play, in which the scenes connected with the passion of our Savior are represented dramatically. -- Passion Sunday (Eccl.), the fifth Sunday in Lent, or the second before Easter. -- Passion Week, the last week but one in Lent, or the second week preceding Easter. "The name of Passion week is frequently, but improperly, applied to Holy Week." Shipley.

Syn. -- Passion, Feeling, Emotion. When any feeling or emotion completely masters the mind, we call it a passion; as, a passion for music, dress, etc.; especially is anger (when thus extreme) called passion. The mind, in such cases, is considered as having lost its self- control, and become the passive instrument of the feeling in question.

Pas"sion (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Passioned (?); p. pr & vb. n. Passioning.] To give a passionate character to. [R.] Keats.

Pas"sion, v. i. To suffer pain or sorrow; to experience a passion; to be extremely agitated. [Obs.] "Dumbly she passions, frantically she doteth." Shak.

Pas"sion*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to passion or the passions; exciting, influenced by, or ministering to, the passions. -- n. A passionary.

Pas"sion*a*ry (?), n. [L. passionarius: cf. F. passionaire.] A book in which are described the sufferings of saints and martyrs. T. Warton.

Pas"sion*ate (?), a. [LL. passionatus: cf. F. passionnÈ.] 1. Capable or susceptible of passion, or of different passions; easily moved, excited or agitated; specifically, easily moved to anger; irascible; quick-tempered; as, a passionate nature.

Homer's Achilles is haughty and passionate.

Prior.

2. Characterized by passion; expressing passion; ardent in feeling or desire; vehement; warm; as, a passionate friendship. "The passionate Pilgrim." Shak.

3. Suffering; sorrowful. [Obs.] Shak.

Pas"sion*ate (?), v. i. 1. To affect with passion; to impassion. [Obs.]

Great pleasure, mixed with pitiful regard, The godly kind and queen did passionate.

Spenser.

2. To express feelingly or sorrowfully. [Obs.] Shak.

Pas"sion*ate*ly (?), adv. 1. In a passionate manner; with strong feeling; ardently.

Sorrow expresses itself . . . loudly and passionately.

South.

2. Angrily; irascibly. Locke.

Pas"sion*ate*ness, n. The state or quality of being passionate.

Pas"sion*ist, n. (R. C. Ch.) A member of a religious order founded in Italy in 1737, and introduced into the United States in 1852. The members of the order unite the austerities of the Trappists with the activity and zeal of the Jesuits and Lazarists. Called also Barefooted Clerks of the Most Holy Cross.

Pas"sion*less (?), a. Void of passion; without anger or emotion; not easily excited; calm. "Self-contained and passionless." Tennyson.

Pas"sion*tide` (?), n. [Passion + tide time.] The last fortnight of Lent.

Pas"sive (?), a. [L. passivus: cf. F. passif. See Passion.] 1. Not active, but acted upon; suffering or receiving impressions or influences; as, they were passive spectators, not actors in the scene.

The passive air Upbore their nimble tread.

Milton.

The mind is wholly passive in the reception of all its simple ideas.

Locke.

2. Receiving or enduring without either active sympathy or active resistance; without emotion or excitement; patient; not opposing; unresisting; as, passive obedience; passive submission.

The best virtue, passive fortitude.

Massinger.

3. (Chem.) Inactive; inert; not showing strong affinity; as, red phosphorus is comparatively passive.

4. (Med.) Designating certain morbid conditions, as hemorrhage or dropsy, characterized by relaxation of the vessels and tissues, with deficient vitality and lack of reaction in the affected tissues.

Passive congestion (Med.), congestion due to obstruction to the return of the blood from the affected part. -- Passive iron (Chem.), iron which has been subjected to the action of heat, of strong nitric acid, chlorine, etc. It is then not easily acted upon by acids. -- Passive movement (Med.), a movement of a part, in order to exercise it, made without the assistance of the muscles which ordinarily move the part. -- Passive obedience (as used by writers on government), obedience or submission of the subject or citizen as a duty in all cases to the existing government. -- Passive prayer, among mystic divines, a suspension of the activity of the soul or intellectual faculties, the soul remaining quiet, and yielding only to the impulses of grace. -- Passive verb, or Passive voice (Gram.), a verb, or form of a verb, which expresses the effect of the action of some agent; as, in Latin, doceor, I am taught; in English, she is loved; the picture is admired by all; he is assailed by slander.

Syn. -- Inactive; inert; quiescent; unresisting; unopposing; suffering; enduring; submissive; patient.

Pas"sive*ly, adv. 1. In a passive manner; inertly; unresistingly.

2. As a passive verb; in the passive voice.

Pas"sive*ness, n. The quality or state of being passive; unresisting submission.

To be an effect implies passiveness, or the being subject to the power and action of its cause.

J. Edwards.

Pas*siv"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. passivitÈ.] 1. Passiveness; -- opposed to activity. Jer. Taylor.

2. (Physics) The tendency of a body to remain in a given state, either of motion or rest, till disturbed by another body; inertia. Cheyne.

3. (Chem.) The quality or condition of any substance which has no inclination to chemical activity; inactivity.

Pass"-key` (?), n. A key for opening more locks than one; a master key.

Pass"less, a. Having no pass; impassable. Cowley.

Pass"man (?), n.; pl. Passmen (&?;). One who passes for a degree, without honors. See Classman, 2. [Eng. Univ.]

Pass"o`ver (?), n. [Pass + over. See Pasch.] (Jewish Antiq.) (a) A feast of the Jews, instituted to commemorate the sparing of the Hebrews in Egypt, when God, smiting the firstborn of the Egyptians, passed over the houses of the Israelites which were marked with the blood of a lamb. (b) The sacrifice offered at the feast of the passover; the paschal lamb. Ex. xii.

Pass`-pa*role" (?), n. [F. passe- parole.] (Mil.) An order passed from front to rear by word of mouth.

Pass"port (&?;), n. [F. passeport, orig., a permission to leave a port or to sail into it; passer to pass + port a port, harbor. See Pass, and Port a harbor.] 1. Permission to pass; a document given by the competent officer of a state, permitting the person therein named to pass or travel from place to place, without molestation, by land or by water.

Caution in granting passports to Ireland.

Clarendon.

2. A document carried by neutral merchant vessels in time of war, to certify their nationality and protect them from belligerents; a sea letter.

3. A license granted in time of war for the removal of persons and effects from a hostile country; a safe- conduct. Burrill.

4. Figuratively: Anything which secures advancement and general acceptance. Sir P. Sidney.

His passport is his innocence and grace.

Dryden.

||Pas"sus (?), n.; pl. L. Passus, E. Passuses (&?;). [L., a step, a ||pace. See Pace.] A division or part; a canto; as, the passus of Piers ||Plowman. See 2d Fit.

Pass"word` (?), n. A word to be given before a person is allowed to pass; a watchword; a countersign. Macaulay.

Pas"sy*meas`ure (?), n. [Corrupted fr. It. passamezzo.] [Obs.] See Paspy. Shak.

Past (?), a. [From Pass, v.] Of or pertaining to a former time or state; neither present nor future; gone by; elapsed; ended; spent; as, past troubles; past offences. "Past ages." Milton.

Past master. See under Master.

Past, n. A former time or state; a state of things gone by. "The past, at least, is secure." D. Webster.

The present is only intelligible in the light of the past, often a very remote past indeed.

Trench.