Chapter 13

Parting fellow, a partner. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- Parting pulley. See under Pulley. -- Parting sand (Founding), dry, nonadhesive sand, sprinkled upon the partings of a mold to facilitate the separation. -- Parting strip (Arch.), in a sash window, one of the thin strips of wood let into the pulley stile to keep the sashes apart; also, the thin piece inserted in the window box to separate the weights. -- Parting tool (Mach.), a thin tool, used in turning or planing, for cutting a piece in two.

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Par"ting (?), n. 1. The act of parting or dividing; the state of being parted; division; separation. "The parting of the way." Ezek. xxi. 21.

2. A separation; a leave-taking. Shak.

And there were sudden partings, such as press The life from out young hearts.

Byron.

3. A surface or line of separation where a division occurs.

4. (Founding) The surface of the sand of one section of a mold where it meets that of another section.

5. (Chem.) The separation and determination of alloys; esp., the separation, as by acids, of gold from silver in the assay button.

6. (Geol.) A joint or fissure, as in a coal seam.

7. (Naut.) The breaking, as of a cable, by violence.

8. (Min.) Lamellar separation in a crystallized mineral, due to some other cause than cleavage, as to the presence of twinning lamellÊ.

Par"ti*san (?), n. [F., fr. It. partigiano. See Party, and cf. Partisan a truncheon.] [Written also partizan.] 1. An adherent to a party or faction; esp., one who is strongly and passionately devoted to a party or an interest. "The violence of a partisan." Macaulay.

Both sides had their partisans in the colony.

Jefferson.

2. (Mil.) (a) The commander of a body of detached light troops engaged in making forays and harassing an enemy. (b) Any member of such a corps.

Par"ti*san, a. [Written also partizan.] 1. Adherent to a party or faction; especially, having the character of blind, passionate, or unreasonable adherence to a party; as, blinded by partisan zeal.

2. (Mil.) Serving as a partisan in a detached command; as, a partisan officer or corps.

Partisan ranger (Mil.), a member of a partisan corps.

Par"ti*san, n. [F. pertuisane, prob. fr. It. partigiana, influenced in French by OF. pertuisier to pierce. It was prob. so named as the weapon of some partisans, or party men. Cf. Partisan one of a corps of light troops.] A kind of halberd or pike; also, a truncheon; a staff.

And make him with our pikes and partisans a grave.

Shak.

Par"ti*san*ship, n. The state of being a partisan, or adherent to a party; feelings or conduct appropriate to a partisan.

||Par*ti"ta (?), n. [It.] (Mus.) A suite; a set of variations.

Par"tite (?), a. [L. partitus, p. p. of partire to part, divide, from pars. See Part, and cf. Party, a.] (Bot.) Divided nearly to the base; as, a partite leaf is a simple separated down nearly to the base.

Par*ti"tion (?), n. [F. partition, L. partitio. See Part, v.] 1. The act of parting or dividing; the state of being parted; separation; division; distribution; as, the partition of a kingdom.

And good from bad find no partition.

Shak.

2. That which divides or separates; that by which different things, or distinct parts of the same thing, are separated; separating boundary; dividing line or space; specifically, an interior wall dividing one part or apartment of a house, an inclosure, or the like, from another; as, a brick partition; lath and plaster partitions.

No sight could pass Betwixt the nice partitions of the grass.

Dryden.

3. A part divided off by walls; an apartment; a compartment. [R.] "Lodged in a small partition." Milton.

4. (Law.) The servance of common or undivided interests, particularly in real estate. It may be effected by consent of parties, or by compulsion of law.

5. (Mus.) A score.

Partition of numbers (Math.), the resolution of integers into parts subject to given conditions. Brande & C.

Par*ti"tion (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Partitioned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Partitioning.] 1. To divide into parts or shares; to divide and distribute; as, to partition an estate among various heirs.

2. To divide into distinct parts by lines, walls, etc.; as, to partition a house.

Uniform without, though severally partitioned within.

Bacon.

Par*ti"tion*ment (?), n. The act of partitioning.

Par"ti*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. partitif.] (Gram.) Denoting a part; as, a partitive genitive.

Par"ti*tive, n. (Gram.) A word expressing partition, or denoting a part.

Par"ti*tive*ly, adv. In a partitive manner.

Part"let (?), n. [Dim. of part.] 1. A covering for the neck, and sometimes for the shoulders and breast; originally worn by both sexes, but laterby women alone; a ruff. [Obs.] Fuller.

2. A hen; -- so called from the ruffing of her neck feathers. "Dame Partlett, the hen." Shak.

Part"ly, adv. In part; in some measure of degree; not wholly. "I partly believe it." 1 Cor. xi. 18.

Part"ner (?), n. [For parcener, influenced by part.] 1. One who has a part in anything with an other; a partaker; an associate; a sharer. "Partner of his fortune." Shak. Hence: (a) A husband or a wife. (b) Either one of a couple who dance together. (c) One who shares as a member of a partnership in the management, or in the gains and losses, of a business.

My other self, the partner of my life.

Milton.

2. (Law) An associate in any business or occupation; a member of a partnership. See Partnership.

3. pl. (Naut.) A framework of heavy timber surrounding an opening in a deck, to strengthen it for the support of a mast, pump, capstan, or the like.

Dormant, or Silent, partner. See under Dormant, a.

Syn. -- Associate; colleague; coadjutor; confederate; partaker; participator; companion; comrade; mate.

Part"ner, v. t. To associate, to join. [Obs.] Shak.

Part"ner*ship, n. 1. The state or condition of being a partner; as, to be in partnership with another; to have partnership in the fortunes of a family or a state.

2. A division or sharing among partners; joint possession or interest.

Rome, that ne'er knew three lordly heads before, First fell by fatal partnership of power.

Rowe.

He does possession keep, And is too wise to hazard partnership.

Dryden.

3. An alliance or association of persons for the prosecution of an undertaking or a business on joint account; a company; a firm; a house; as, to form a partnership.

4. (Law) A contract between two or more competent persons for joining together their money, goods, labor, and skill, or any or all of them, under an understanding that there shall be a communion of profit between them, and for the purpose of carrying on a legal trade, business, or adventure. Kent. Story.

Community of profit is absolutely essential to, though not necessary the test of, a partnership.

5. (Arith.) See Fellowship, n., 6.

Limited partnership, a form of partnership in which the firm consists of one or more general partners, jointly and severally responsible as ordinary partners, and one or more special partners, who are not liable for the debts of the partnership beyond the amount of cash they contribute as capital. -- Partnership in commendam, the title given to the limited partnership (F. sociÈtÈ en commanditÈ) of the French law, introduced into the code of Louisiana. Burrill. -- Silent partnership, the relation of partnership sustained by a person who furnishes capital only.

Par*took" (?), imp. of Partake.

Par"tridge (?), n. [OE. partriche, pertriche, OF. pertris, perdriz, F. perdrix, L. perdix, -icis, fr. Gr. &?;.] (Zoˆl.) 1. Any one of numerous species of small gallinaceous birds of the genus Perdix and several related genera of the family PerdicidÊ, of the Old World. The partridge is noted as a game bird.

Full many a fat partrich had he in mew.

Chaucer.

The common European, or gray, partridge (Perdix cinerea) and the red-legged partridge (Caccabis rubra) of Southern Europe and Asia are well-known species.

2. Any one of several species of quail-like birds belonging to Colinus, and allied genera. [U.S.]

Among them are the bobwhite (Colinus Virginianus) of the Eastern States; the plumed, or mountain, partridge (Oreortyx pictus) of California; the Massena partridge (Cyrtonyx MontezumÊ); and the California partridge (Callipepla Californica).

3. The ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus). [New Eng.]

Bamboo partridge (Zoˆl.), a spurred partridge of the genus Bambusicola. Several species are found in China and the East Indies. -- Night partridge (Zoˆl.), the woodcock. [Local, U.S.] -- Painted partridge (Zoˆl.), a francolin of South Africa (Francolinus pictus). -- Partridge berry. (Bot.) (a) The scarlet berry of a trailing american plant (Mitchella repens) of the order RubiaceÊ, having roundish evergreen leaves, and white fragrant flowers sometimes tinged with purple, growing in pairs with the ovaries united, and producing the berries which remain over winter; also, the plant itself. (b) The fruit of the creeping wintergreen (Gaultheria procumbens); also, the plant itself. -- Partridge dove (Zoˆl.) Same as Mountain witch, under Mountain. -- Partridge pea (Bot.), a yellow-flowered leguminous herb (Cassia ChamÊcrista), common in sandy fields in the Eastern United States. -- Partridge shell (Zoˆl.), a large marine univalve shell (Dolium perdix), having colors variegated like those of the partridge. -- Partridge wood (a) A variegated wood, much esteemed for cabinetwork. It is obtained from tropical America, and one source of it is said to be the leguminous tree Andira inermis. Called also pheasant wood. (b) A name sometimes given to the dark-colored and striated wood of some kind of palm, which is used for walking sticks and umbrella handles. -- Sea partridge (Zoˆl.), an Asiatic sand partridge (Ammoperdix Bonhami); -- so called from its note. -- Snow partridge (Zoˆl.), a large spurred partridge (Lerwa nivicola) which inhabits the high mountains of Asia. -- Spruce partridge. See under Spruce. -- Wood partridge, or Hill partridge (Zoˆl.), any small Asiatic partridge of the genus Arboricola.

Par"ture (?), n. Departure. [Obs.] Spenser.

Par*tu"ri*ate (?), v. i. [See Parturient.] To bring forth young. [Obs.]

Par*tu"ri*en*cy (?), n. Parturition.

Par*tu"ri*ent (?), a. [L. parturiens, p. pr. of parturire to desire to bring forth, fr. parere, partum, to bring forth. See Parent.] Bringing forth, or about to bring forth, young; fruitful. Jer. Tailor.

Par*tu`ri*fa"cient (?), n. [L. parturire to desire to bring forth + facere to make.] (Med.) A medicine tending to cause parturition, or to give relief in childbearing. Dunglison.

Par*tu"ri*ous (?), a. Parturient. [Obs.] Drayton.

Par`tu*ri"tion (?), n. [L. parturitio, fr. parturire: cf. F. parturition. See Parturient.] 1. The act of bringing forth, or being delivered of, young; the act of giving birth; delivery; childbirth.

2. That which is brought forth; a birth. [Obs.]

Par*tu"ri*tive (?), a. Pertaining to parturition; obstetric. [R.]

Par"ty (?), n.; pl. Parties (#). [F. parti and partie, fr. F. partir to part, divide, L. partire, partiri. See Part, v.] 1. A part or portion. [Obs.] "The most party of the time." Chaucer.

2. A number of persons united in opinion or action, as distinguished from, or opposed to, the rest of a community or association; esp., one of the parts into which a people is divided on questions of public policy.

Win the noble Brutus to our party.

Shak.

The peace both parties want is like to last.

Dryden.

3. A part of a larger body of company; a detachment; especially (Mil.), a small body of troops dispatched on special service.

4. A number of persons invited to a social entertainment; a select company; as, a dinner party; also, the entertainment itself; as, to give a party.

5. One concerned or interested in an affair; one who takes part with others; a participator; as, he was a party to the plot; a party to the contract.

6. The plaintiff or the defendant in a lawsuit, whether an individual, a firm, or corporation; a litigant.

The cause of both parties shall come before the judges.

Ex. xxii. 9.

7. Hence, any certain person who is regarded as being opposed or antagonistic to another.

It the jury found that the party slain was of English race, it had been adjudged felony.

Sir J. Davies.

8. Cause; side; interest.

Have you nothing said Upon this Party 'gainst the Duke of Albany?

Shak.

9. A person; as, he is a queer party. [Now accounted a vulgarism.]

"For several generations, our ancestors largely employed party for person; but this use of the word, when it appeared to be reviving, happened to strike, more particularly, the fancy of the vulgar; and the consequence has been, that the polite have chosen to leave it in their undisputed possession." Fitzed. Hall.

Party jury (Law), a jury composed of different parties, as one which is half natives and half foreigners. -- Party man, a partisan. Swift. -- Party spirit, a factious and unreasonable temper, not uncommonly shown by party men. Whately. -- Party verdict, a joint verdict. Shak. -- Party wall. (a) (Arch.) A wall built upon the dividing line between two adjoining properties, usually having half its thickness on each property. (b) (Law) A wall that separates adjoining houses, as in a block or row.

Par"ty, a. [F. parti divided, fr. partir to divide. See Part, v., and cf. Partite.] 1. (Her.) Parted or divided, as in the direction or form of one of the ordinaries; as, an escutcheon party per pale.

2. Partial; favoring one party.

I will be true judge, and not party.

Chaucer.

Charter party. See under Charter.

Par"ty, adv. Partly. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Par"ty-coat`ed (?), a. Having a motley coat, or coat of divers colors. Shak.

{ Par"ty-col`ored, Par"ti-col`ored } (?), a. Colored with different tints; variegated; as, a party-colored flower. "Parti-colored lambs." Shak.

Par"ty*ism (?), n. Devotion to party.

Par`um*bil"ic*al (?), a. [Pref. para- + umbilical.] (Anat.) Near the umbilicus; -- applied especially to one or more small veins which, in man, connect the portal vein with the epigastric veins in the front wall of the abdomen.

||Pa*ru"si*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; presence, fr. &?; to be present; ||para` beside + &?; to be.] (Rhet.) A figure of speech by which the ||present tense is used instead of the past or the future, as in the ||animated narration of past, or in the prediction of future, events.

Par`va*nim"i*ty (?), n. [L. parvus little + animus mind.] The state or quality of having a little or ignoble mind; pettiness; meanness; -- opposed to magnanimity. De Quincey.

Par"ve*nu` (?), n. [F., prop. p. p. of parvenir to attain to, to succeed, to rise to high station, L. pervenire to come to; per through + venire to come. See Par, prep., and Come.] An upstart; a man newly risen into notice.

{ Par"vis, Par"vise } (?), n. [F. parvis, fr. LL. paravisus, fr. L. paradisus. See Paradise.] a court of entrance to, or an inclosed space before, a church; hence, a church porch; -- sometimes formerly used as place of meeting, as for lawyers. Chaucer.

{ Par"vi*tude (?), Par"vi*ty (?), } n. [L. parvitas, fr. parvus little: cf. OF. parvitÈ.] Littleness. [Obs.] Glanvill. Ray.

Par"vo*lin (?), n. (Physiol. Chem.) A nonoxygenous ptomaine, formed in the putrefaction of albuminous matters, especially of horseflesh and mackerel.

Par"vo*line (?), n. (Chem.) A liquid base, C&?;H&?;N, of the pyridine group, found in coal tar; also, any one of the series of isometric substances of which it is the type.

||Pas (?), n. [F. See Pace.] 1. A pace; a step, as in a dance. Chaucer.

2. Right of going foremost; precedence. Arbuthnot.

Pa"san (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The gemsbok.

{ Pasch (?), ||Pas"cha (?), } n. [AS. pascha, L. pascha, Gr. &?;, fr. Heb. pesach, fr. psach to pass over: cf. OF. pasque, F. p‚que. Cf. Paschal, Paas, Paque.] The passover; the feast of Easter.

Pasch egg. See Easter egg, under Easter. -- Pasch flower. See Pasque flower, under Pasque.

Pas"chal (?), a. [L. paschalis: cf. F. pascal. See Pasch.] Of or pertaining to the passover, or to Easter; as, a paschal lamb; paschal eggs. Longfellow.

Paschal candle (R. C. Ch.), a large wax candle, blessed and placed on the altar on Holy Saturday, or the day before Easter. -- Paschal flower. See Pasque flower, under Pasque.

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Pa*seng" (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The wild or bezoar goat. See Goat.

Pash (?), v. t. [Prob. of imitative origin, or possibly akin to box to fight with the fists.] To strike; to crush; to smash; to dash in pieces. [Obs.] P. Plowman. "I'll pash him o'er the face." Shak.

Pash, n. [Scot., the pate. Cf. Pash, v. t.] 1. The head; the poll. [R.] "A rough pash." Shak.

2. A crushing blow. [Obs.]

3. A heavy fall of rain or snow. [Prov. Eng.]

Pa*sha" (?), n. [Turk. psh, bsh; cf. Per. bsh, bdshh; perh. a corruption of Per. pdishh. Cf. Bashaw, Padishah, Shah.] An honorary title given to officers of high rank in Turkey, as to governers of provinces, military commanders, etc. The earlier form was bashaw. [Written also pacha.]

There are three classes of pashas, whose rank is distinguished by the number of the horsetails borne on their standards, being one, two, or three, a pasha of three tails being the highest.

Pa*sha"lic (?), n. [Written also pachalic.] [Turk.] The jurisdiction of a pasha.

Pa*shaw" (?), n. See Pasha.

{ Pas`i*graph"ic (?), Pas`i*graph"ic*al (?) } a. Of or pertaining to pasigraphy.

Pa*sig"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. &?; for all (dat. pl. of &?; all) + -graphy.] A system of universal writing, or a manner of writing that may be understood and used by all nations. Good.

Pas"i*la`ly (?), n. [Gr. &?; for all (dat. pl. of &?; all) + &?; talking.] A form of speech adapted to be used by all mankind; universal language.

Pask (?), n. [See Pasque.] See Pasch.

Pas"py (?), n. [F. passe-pied.] A kind of minuet, in triple time, of French origin, popular in the reign of Queen Elizabeth and for some time after; -- called also passing measure, and passymeasure. Percy Smith.

Pasque (?), n. [OF. pasque.] See Pasch.

Pasque flower (Bot.), a name of several plants of the genus Anemone, section Pulsatilla. They are perennial herbs with rather large purplish blossoms, which appear in early spring, or about Easter, whence the common name. Called also campana.

Pas"quil (?), n. [It. pasquillo.] See Pasquin. [R.]

Pas"quil, v. t. [R.] See Pasquin.

Pas"quil*ant (?), n. A lampooner; a pasquiler. [R.] Coleridge.

Pas"quil*er (?), n. A lampooner. [R.] Burton.

Pas"quin (?), n. [It. pasquino a mutilated statue at Rome, set up against the wall of the place of the Orsini; -- so called from a witty cobbler or tailor, near whose shop the statue was dug up. On this statue it was customary to paste satiric papers.] A lampooner; also, a lampoon. See Pasquinade.

The Grecian wits, who satire first began, Were pleasant pasquins on the life of man.

Dryden.

Pas"quin, v. t. To lampoon; to satiraze. [R.]

To see himself pasquined and affronted.

Dryden.

Pas`quin*ade" (?), n. [F. pasquinade, It. pasquinata.] A lampoon or satirical writing. Macaulay.

Pas`quin*ade", v. t. To lampoon, to satirize.

Pass (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Passed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Passing.] [F. passer, LL. passare, fr. L. passus step, or from pandere, passum, to spread out, lay open. See Pace.] 1. To go; to move; to proceed; to be moved or transferred from one point to another; to make a transit; -- usually with a following adverb or adverbal phrase defining the kind or manner of motion; as, to pass on, by, out, in, etc.; to pass swiftly, directly, smoothly, etc.; to pass to the rear, under the yoke, over the bridge, across the field, beyond the border, etc. "But now pass over [i. e., pass on]." Chaucer.

On high behests his angels to and fro Passed frequent.

Milton.

Sweet sounds rose slowly through their mouths, And from their bodies passed.

Coleridge.

2. To move or be transferred from one state or condition to another; to change possession, condition, or circumstances; to undergo transition; as, the business has passed into other hands.

Others, dissatisfied with what they have, . . . pass from just to unjust.

Sir W. Temple.

3. To move beyond the range of the senses or of knowledge; to pass away; hence, to disappear; to vanish; to depart; specifically, to depart from life; to die.

Disturb him not, let him pass paceably.

Shak.

Beauty is a charm, but soon the charm will pass.

Dryden.

The passing of the sweetest soul That ever looked with human eyes.

Tennyson.

4. To move or to come into being or under notice; to come and go in consciousness; hence, to take place; to occur; to happen; to come; to occur progressively or in succession; to be present transitorily.

So death passed upon all men.

Rom. v. 12.

Our own consciousness of what passes within our own mind.

I. Watts.

5. To go by or glide by, as time; to elapse; to be spent; as, their vacation passed pleasantly.

Now the time is far passed.

Mark vi. 35

6. To go from one person to another; hence, to be given and taken freely; as, clipped coin will not pass; to obtain general acceptance; to be held or regarded; to circulate; to be current; -- followed by for before a word denoting value or estimation. "Let him pass for a man." Shak.

False eloquence passeth only where true is not understood.

Felton.

This will not pass for a fault in him.

Atterbury.

7. To advance through all the steps or stages necessary to validity or effectiveness; to be carried through a body that has power to sanction or reject; to receive legislative sanction; to be enacted; as, the resolution passed; the bill passed both houses of Congress.

8. To go through any inspection or test successfully; to be approved or accepted; as, he attempted the examination, but did not expect to pass.

9. To be suffered to go on; to be tolerated; hence, to continue; to live along. "The play may pass." Shak.

10. To go unheeded or neglected; to proceed without hindrance or opposition; as, we let this act pass.

11. To go beyond bounds; to surpass; to be in excess. [Obs.] "This passes, Master Ford." Shak.

12. To take heed; to care. [Obs.]

As for these silken-coated slaves, I pass not.

Shak.

13. To go through the intestines. Arbuthnot.

14. (Law) To be conveyed or transferred by will, deed, or other instrument of conveyance; as, an estate passes by a certain clause in a deed. Mozley & W.

15. (Fencing) To make a lunge or pass; to thrust.

16. (Card Playing & other games) To decline to take an optional action when it is one's turn, as to decline to bid, or to bet, or to play a card; in euchre, to decline to make the trump.

She would not play, yet must not pass.

Prior.

17. In football, hockey, etc., to make a pass; to transfer the ball, etc., to another player of one's own side. [Webster 1913 Suppl.]

To bring to pass, To come to pass. See under Bring, and Come. -- To pass away, to disappear; to die; to vanish. "The heavens shall pass away." 2 Pet. iii. 10. "I thought to pass away before, but yet alive I am." Tennyson. -- To pass by, to go near and beyond a certain person or place; as, he passed by as we stood there. -- To pass into, to change by a gradual transmission; to blend or unite with. -- To pass on, to proceed. -- To pass on or upon. (a) To happen to; to come upon; to affect. "So death passed upon all men." Rom. v. 12. "Provided no indirect act pass upon our prayers to define them." Jer. Taylor. (b) To determine concerning; to give judgment or sentence upon. "We may not pass upon his life." Shak. -- To pass off, to go away; to cease; to disappear; as, an agitation passes off. -- To pass over, to go from one side or end to the other; to cross, as a river, road, or bridge.

Pass (?), v. t. 1. In simple, transitive senses; as: (a) To go by, beyond, over, through, or the like; to proceed from one side to the other of; as, to pass a house, a stream, a boundary, etc. (b) Hence: To go from one limit to the other of; to spend; to live through; to have experience of; to undergo; to suffer. "To pass commodiously this life." Milton.