Chapter 88

Line (ln), v. t. 1. To mark with a line or lines; to cover with lines; as, to line a copy book.

He had a healthy color in his cheeks, and his face, though lined, bore few traces of anxiety.

Dickens.

2. To represent by lines; to delineate; to portray. [R.] "Pictures fairest lined." Shak.

3. To read or repeat line by line; as, to line out a hymn.

This custom of reading or lining, or, as it was frequently called, "deaconing" the hymn or psalm in the churches, was brought about partly from necessity.

N. D. Gould.

4. To form into a line; to align; as, to line troops.

To line bees, to track wild bees to their nest by following their line of flight. -- To line up (Mach.), to put in alignment; to put in correct adjustment for smooth running. See 3d Line, 19.

Lin"e*age (ln"*j; 48), n. [OE. linage, F. lignage, fr. L. linea line. See 3d Line.] Descent in a line from a common progenitor; progeny; race; descending line of offspring or ascending line of parentage.

Both the lineage and the certain sire From which I sprung, from me are hidden yet.

Spenser.

Lin"e*al (ln"*al), a. [L. linealis belonging to a line, fr. linea line: cf. F. linéal. See 3d Line.] 1. Descending in a direct line from an ancestor; hereditary; derived from ancestors; -- opposed to collateral; as, a lineal descent or a lineal descendant.

The prime and ancient right of lineal succession.

Locke.

2. Inheriting by direct descent; having the right by direct descent to succeed (to).

For only you are lineal to the throne.

Dryden.

3. Composed of lines; delineated; as, lineal designs.

4. In the direction of a line; of or pertaining to a line; measured on, or ascertained by, a line; linear; as, lineal magnitude.

Lineal measure, the measure of length; -- usually written linear measure.

Lin`e*al"i*ty (-l"*t), n. The quality of being lineal.

Lin"e*al*ly (ln"*al*l), adv. In a lineal manner; as, the prince is lineally descended from the Conqueror.

Lin"e*a*ment (-*ment), n. [L. lineamentum, fr. linea line: cf. F. linéament. See 3d Line.] One of the outlines, exterior features, or distinctive marks, of a body or figure, particularly of the face; feature; form; mark; -- usually in the plural. "The lineaments of the body." Locke. "Lineaments in the character." Swift.

Man he seems In all his lineaments.

Milton.

Lin"e*ar (-*r), a. [L. linearis, linearius, fr. linea line: cf. F. linéaire. See 3d Line.] 1. Of or pertaining to a line; consisting of lines; in a straight direction; lineal.

2. (Bot.) Like a line; narrow; of the same breadth throughout, except at the extremities; as, a linear leaf.

Linear differential equation (Math.), an equation which is of the first degree, when the expression which is equated to zero is regarded as a function of the dependent variable and its differential coefficients. -- Linear equation (Math.), an equation of the first degree between two variables; -- so called because every such equation may be considered as representing a right line. -- Linear measure, the measurement of length. -- Linear numbers (Math.), such numbers as have relation to length only: such is a number which represents one side of a plane figure. If the plane figure is a square, the linear figure is called a root. -- Linear problem (Geom.), a problem which may be solved geometrically by the use of right lines alone. -- Linear transformation (Alg.), a change of variables where each variable is replaced by a function of the first degree in the new variable.

Lin`e*ar*en"sate (-n"st), a. (Bot.) Having the form of a sword, but very long and narrow.

Lin"e*ar*ly, adv. In a linear manner; with lines.

Lin"e*ar-shaped` (-shpt`), a. Of a linear shape.

Lin"e*a*ry (-*r), a. Linear. Holland.

{ Lin"e*ate (ln"*t), Lin"e*a`ted (-`td), } a. [L. lineatus, p. p. of lineare to reduce to a straight line, fr. linea line.] 1. (Zoöl.) Marked with lines.

2. (Bot.) Marked longitudinally with depressed parallel lines; as, a lineate leaf.

Lin`e*a"tion (-"shn), n. [L. lineatio the drawing of a line, fr. lineare.] Delineation; a line or lines.

Lin"e*a*ture (ln"**tr; 135), n. Anything having outline. [R.] Holland.

Line"man (ln"mn), n.; pl. Linemen (-mn). 1. One who carries the line in surveying, etc.

2. A man employed to examine the rails of a railroad to see if they are in good condition; also, a man employed to repair telegraph lines.

Lin"en (ln"n), a. [OE., fr. lin linen. See Linen, n.] 1. Made of linen; as, linen cloth; a linen stocking.

2. Resembling linen cloth; white; pale.

Lin"en, n. [Prop. an adj. from OE. lin flax, AS. ln flax, whence lnen made of flax; akin to OS., Icel., & MHG. ln flax and linen, G. lein, leinen, linen, Sw. lin flax, Goth. lein linen, L. linum flax, linen, Gr. li`non. Cf. Line, Linseed.] 1. Thread or cloth made of flax or (rarely) of hemp; -- used in a general sense to include cambric, shirting, sheeting, towels, tablecloths, etc. "In linen white as milk." Robert of Brunne.

2. Underclothing, esp. the shirt, as being, in former times, chiefly made of linen.

Linen draper, a dealer in linen. -- Linen prover, a small microscope for counting the threads in a given space in linen fabrics. -- Linen scroll, Linen pattern (Arch.), an ornament for filling panels, copied from the folds of a piece of stuff symmetrically disposed.

Lin"en*er (-r), n. A dealer in linen; a linen draper. [Obs.]

Lin"e*o*late (ln"**lt), a. [L. lineola, dim. of linea line.] 1. (Zoöl.) Marked with little lines.

2. (Bot.) Marked longitudinally with fine lines. Gray.

Lin"er (ln"r), n. 1. One who lines, as, a liner of shoes.

2. A vessel belonging to a regular line of packets; also, a line-of-battle ship; a ship of the line.

3. (Mach.) A thin piece placed between two parts to hold or adjust them, fill a space, etc.; a shim.

4. (Steam Engine) A lining within the cylinder, in which the piston works and between which and the outer shell of the cylinder a space is left to form a steam jacket.

5. A slab on which small pieces of marble, tile, etc., are fastened for grinding.

6. (Baseball) A ball which, when struck, flies through the air in a nearly straight line not far from the ground.

-ling (-lng). [AS. -ling.] A noun suffix, commonly having a diminutive or a depreciatory force; as in duckling, gosling, hireling, fosterling, firstling, underling.

-ling. An adverbial suffix; as, darkling, flatling.

Ling (lng), n. [OE. lenge; akin to D. leng, G. länge, Dan. lange, Sw. långa, Icel. langa. So named from its being long. See Long, a.] (Zoöl.) (a) A large, marine, gadoid fish (Molva vulgaris) of Northern Europe and Greenland. It is valued as a food fish and is largely salted and dried. Called also drizzle. (b) The burbot of Lake Ontario. (c) An American hake of the genus Phycis. [Canada] (d) A New Zealand food fish of the genus Genypterus. The name is also locally applied to other fishes, as the cultus cod, the mutton fish, and the cobia.

Ling, n. [Icel. lyng; akin to Dan. lyng, Sw. ljung.] (Bot.) Heather (Calluna vulgaris).

Ling honey, a sort of wild honey, made from the flowers of the heather. Holland.

{ ||Lin"ga (l"g), Lin"gam (l"gm), } n. [Skr. liga.] The phallic symbol under which Siva is principally worshiped in his character of the creative and reproductive power. Whitworth. E. Arnold.

Ling"-bird` (lng"brd`), n. (Zoöl.) The European meadow pipit; -- called also titling.

Lin"gel (l"gl), n. [F. ligneul, dim. of L. linea a linen thread.] 1. A shoemaker's thread. [Obs.]

2. A little tongue or thong of leather; a lacing for belts. Crabb.

Lin"gence (ln"jens), n. [L. lingere to lick.] A linctus. [Obs.] Fuller.

Lin"ger (l"gr), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Lingered (- grd); p. pr. & vb. n. Lingering.] [OE. lengen to tarry, AS. lengan to prolong, put off, fr. lang long. √125. See Long, a.] To delay; to loiter; to remain or wait long; to be slow or reluctant in parting or moving; to be slow in deciding; to be in suspense; to hesitate.

Nor cast one longing, lingering look behind.

Gray.

Perhaps thou linger'st, in deep thoughts detained.

Milton.

Syn. -- To loiter; lag; saunter; delay; tarry; stop; hesitate.

Lin"ger, v. t. 1. To protract; to draw out. [Obs.]

She lingers my desires.

Shak.

2. To spend or pass in a lingering manner; -- with out; as, to linger out one's days on a sick bed. Dryden.

Lin"ger*er (-r), n. One who lingers. Guardian.

Lin"ger*ing, a. 1. Delaying.

2. Drawn out in time; remaining long; protracted; as, a lingering disease.

To die is the fate of man; but to die with lingering anguish is generally his folly.

Rambler.

Lin"ger*ing*ly, adv. With delay; slowly; tediously.

Lin"get (l"gt), n. [F. lingot, perh. fr. L. lingua tongue (see Tongue). Cf. Ingot.] An ingot. [Written also lingot.]

Ling"ism (lng"z'm), n. A mode of treating certain diseases, as obesity, by gymnastics; -- proposed by Pehr Henrik Ling, a Swede. See Kinesiatrics.

Lin"gle (l"g'l), n. See Lingel.

Lin"go (l"g), n. [L. lingua tongue, language. See Lingual.] Language; speech; dialect. [Slang]

Lin*go"a wood` (l*g" wd`). Amboyna wood.

Lin"got (l"gt), n. A linget or ingot; also, a mold for casting metals. See Linget.

||Lin"gua (l"gw), n.; pl. Linguæ (- gw). [L., the tongue.] (Zoöl.) (a) ||A tongue. (b) A median process of the labium, at the under side of ||the mouth in insects, and serving as a tongue. || Lin*gua"cious (l*gw"shs), a. [L. linguax, -acis, loquacious, fr. lingua tongue.] Given to the use of the tongue; loquacious. [Obs.]

Lin`gua*den"tal (l`gw*dn"tal), a. [L. lingua tongue + E. dental.] (Phonetics) Formed or uttered by the joint use of the tongue and teeth, or rather that part of the gum just above the front teeth; dentolingual, as the letters d and t.

Lin`gua*den"tal, n. (Phonetics) An articulation pronounced by the aid or use of the tongue and teeth.

Lin"gua Fran"ca (l"gw fr"k). [It., prop., language of the Franks.] The commercial language of the Levant, -- a mixture of the languages of the people of the region and of foreign traders.

Lin"gual (l"gwal), a. [L. lingua tongue: cf. F. lingual. See Tongue, and cf. Language.] Of or pertaining to the tongue; uttered by the aid of the tongue; glossal; as, the lingual nerves; a lingual letter.

Lingual ribbon. (Zoöl.) See Odontophore.

Lin"gual, n. A consonant sound formed by the aid of the tongue; -- a term especially applied to certain articulations (as those of t, d, th, and n) and to the letters denoting them.

In Sanskrit grammar certain letters, as , h, , h, , are called linguals, cerebrals, or cacuminals. They are uttered with the tip of the tongue turned up and drawn back into the dome of the palate.

Lin*gual"i*ty (l*gwl"*t), n. The quality of being lingual.

||Lin`gua*tu"li*da (l`gw*t"l*d), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. lingua tongue.] ||(Zoöl.) Same as Linguatulina. || ||Lin*guat`u*li"na (l*gwt`*l"n), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. lingua tongue.] ||(Zoöl.) An order of wormlike, degraded, parasitic arachnids. They ||have two pairs of retractile hooks, near the mouth. Called also ||Pentastomida. || The adults of some species inhabit the nostrils and nasal sinuses of dogs and other carnivores. The young, after being swallowed by sheep, rabbits, etc., find their way to the lungs and liver and become encysted. These, when eaten by carnivores, develop into the adult forms.

Lin`gui*den"tal (l`gw*dn"tal), a. & n. Linguadental.

Lin"gui*form (l"gw*fôrm), a. [L. lingua tongue + -form: cf. F. linguiforme.] Having the form of the tongue; tongue- shaped.

Lin"guist (l"gwst), n. [L. lingua tongue, speech, language: cf. F. linguiste.] 1. A master of the use of language; a talker. [Obs.]

I'll dispute with him; He's a rare linguist.

J. Webster.

2. A person skilled in languages.

There too were Gibbon, the greatest historian, and Jones, the greatest linguist, of the age.

Macaulay.

{ Lin*guis"tic (l*gws"tk), Lin*guis"tic*al (-t*kal), } a. [Cf. F. linguistique.] Of or pertaining to language; relating to linguistics, or to the affinities of languages.

Lin*guis"tic*al*ly, adv. In a linguistic manner; from the point of view of a linguist. Tylor.

Lin*guis"tics (-tks), n. [Cf. F. linguistique.] The science of languages, or of the origin, signification, and application of words; glossology.

||Lin"gu*la (l"g*l), n.; pl. -læ (- l). [L., a little tongue.] 1. ||(Anat.) A tonguelike process or part. || 2. (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of brachiopod shells belonging to the genus Lingula, and related genera. See Brachiopoda, and Illustration in Appendix.

Lingula flags (Geol.), a group of strata in the lower Silurian or Cambrian system of Wales, in which some of the layers contain vast numbers of a species of Lingula.

Lin"gu*late (-lt), a. [L. lingulatus, fr. lingula a little tongue. Cf. Ligulate.] Shaped like the tongue or a strap; ligulate.

Li*nig"er*ous (l*nj"r*s), a. [L. linum flax + -gerous.] Bearing flax; producing linen.

Lin"i*ment (ln"*ment), n. [L. linimentum, fr. linire, linere, to besmear, anoint : cf. F. liniment. Cf. Letter, Lime a viscous substance.] A liquid or semiliquid preparation of a consistence thinner than an ointment, applied to the skin by friction, esp. one used as a sedative or a stimulant.

Lin"ing (ln"ng), n. [See Line to cover the inside.]

1. The act of one who lines; the act or process of making lines, or of inserting a lining.

2. That which covers the inner surface of anything, as of a garment or a box; also, the contents of anything.

The lining of his coffers shall make coats To deck our soldiers.

Shak.

Link (lk), n. [Prob. corrupted from lint and this for lunt a torch, match, D. lont match; akin to G. lunte, cf. MHG. lünden to burn. Cf. Lunt, Linstock.] A torch made of tow and pitch, or the like. Shak.

Link, n. [OE. linke, AS. hlence; akin to Sw. länk ring of a chain, Dan. lænke chain, Icel. hlekkr; cf. G. gelenk joint, link, ring of a chain, lenken to bend.] 1. A single ring or division of a chain.

2. Hence: Anything, whether material or not, which binds together, or connects, separate things; a part of a connected series; a tie; a bond. "Links of iron." Shak.

<! p. 857 pr=VMG !>

The link of brotherhood, by which One common Maker bound me to the kind.

Cowper.

And so by double links enchained themselves in lover's life.

Gascoigne.

3. Anything doubled and closed like a link; as, a link of horsehair. Mortimer.

4. (Kinematics) Any one of the several elementary pieces of a mechanism, as the fixed frame, or a rod, wheel, mass of confined liquid, etc., by which relative motion of other parts is produced and constrained.

5. (Mach.) Any intermediate rod or piece for transmitting force or motion, especially a short connecting rod with a bearing at each end; specifically (Steam Engine), the slotted bar, or connecting piece, to the opposite ends of which the eccentric rods are jointed, and by means of which the movement of the valve is varied, in a link motion.

6. (Surveying) The length of one joint of Gunter's chain, being the hundredth part of it, or 7.92 inches, the chain being 66 feet in length. Cf. Chain, n., 4.

7. (Chem.) A bond of affinity, or a unit of valence between atoms; -- applied to a unit of chemical force or attraction.

8. pl. Sausages; -- because linked together. [Colloq.]

Link (lk), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Linked (lkt); p. pr. & vb. n. Linking.] To connect or unite with a link or as with a link; to join; to attach; to unite; to couple.

All the tribes and nations that composed it [the Roman Empire] were linked together, not only by the same laws and the same government, but by all the facilities of commodious intercourse, and of frequent communication.

Eustace.

Link, v. i. To be connected.

No one generation could link with the other.

Burke.

Link"age (lk"j; 48), n. 1. The act of linking; the state of being linked; also, a system of links.

2. (Chem.) Manner of linking or of being linked; -- said of the union of atoms or radicals in the molecule.

3. (Geom.) A system of straight lines or bars, fastened together by joints, and having certain of their points fixed in a plane. It is used to describe straight lines and curves in the plane.

{ Link"boy` (-boi`), Link"man (-mn), } n. [See 1st Link.] A boy or man that carried a link or torch to light passengers.

Link" mo"tion (m"shn). (Steam Engine) A valve gear, consisting of two eccentrics with their rods, giving motion to a slide valve by an adjustable connecting bar, called the link, in such a way that the motion of the engine can be reversed, or the cut-off varied, at will; -- used very generally in locomotives and marine engines.

The illustration shows a link motion for a vertical engine, c representing the shaft carrying two eccentrics, a and b, for making the engine run forward and backward, respectively, their rods e and d being jointed to opposite ends of the slotted link f, in the opening of which is a pin g which is attached to the valve rod h. The valve will receive the motion of the forward eccentric when the link is in the position shown, and the motion of the backward eccentric when the link is shifted so far to the right as to bring e in line with h, or a compound motion derived from both eccentrics when the link is shifted to intermediate positions, the compound motion causing the valve to cut off the steam at a point determined by the position to which the link may have been shifted.

Link"work` (-wûrk`), n. 1. A fabric consisting of links made of metal or other material fastened together; also, a chain.

And thou shalt make hooks of gold, and two chains of fine gold; linkwork and wreathed.

Udall.

2. Mechanism in which links, or intermediate connecting pieces, are employed to transmit motion from one part to another.

||Lin*næ"a bo`re*a"lis (ln*n" b`r*"ls). [NL. Linnaeus Linnæan + L. ||borealis northern.] (Bot.) The twin flower which grows in cold ||northern climates. || { Lin*næ"an, Lin*ne"an } (ln*n"an), a. Of or pertaining to Linnæus, the celebrated Swedish botanist.

Linnæan system (Bot.), the system in which the classes are founded mainly upon the number of stamens, and the orders upon the pistils; the artificial or sexual system.

Lin*næ"ite (-t), n. [See Linnæan.] (Min.) A mineral of pale steel- gray color and metallic luster, occurring in isometric crystals, and also massive. It is a sulphide of cobalt containing some nickel or copper.

Linne (ln), n. Flax. See Linen. [Obs.]

Lin"net (ln"nt), n. [F. linot, linotte, from L. linum flax; or perh. shortened from AS. lnetwige, fr. AS. ln flax; -- so called because it feeds on the seeds of flax and hemp. See Linen.] (Zoöl.) Any one of several species of fringilline birds of the genera Linota, Acanthis, and allied genera, esp. the common European species (L. cannabina), which, in full summer plumage, is chestnut brown above, with the breast more or less crimson. The feathers of its head are grayish brown, tipped with crimson. Called also gray linnet, red linnet, rose linnet, brown linnet, lintie, lintwhite, gorse thatcher, linnet finch, and greater redpoll. The American redpoll linnet (Acanthis linaria) often has the crown and throat rosy. See Redpoll, and Twite.

Green linnet (Zoöl.), the European green finch.

Li*no"le*ate (l*n"l*t), n. (Chem.) A salt of linoleic acid.

Li*no"le*ic (l*n"l*k), a. Pertaining to, or derived from, linoleum, or linseed oil; specifically (Chem.), designating an organic acid, a thin yellow oil, found combined as a salt of glycerin in oils of linseed, poppy, hemp, and certain nuts.

Li*no"le*um (l*n"l*m), n. [L. linum flax + oleum oil.] 1. Linseed oil brought to various degrees of hardness by some oxidizing process, as by exposure to heated air, or by treatment with chloride of sulphur. In this condition it is used for many of the purposes to which India rubber has been applied.

2. A kind of floor cloth made by laying hardened linseed oil mixed with ground cork on a canvas backing.

Li*nox"in (l*nks"n), n. [Linoleic + oxygen.] (Chem.) A resinous substance obtained as an oxidation product of linoleic acid. [Written also linoxyn.]

Lin*sang" (ln*säng"), n. (Zoöl.) Any viverrine mammal of the genus Prionodon, inhabiting the East Indies and Southern Asia. The common East Indian linsang (P. gracilis) is white, crossed by broad, black bands. The Guinea linsang (Porana Richardsonii) is brown with black spots.

Lin"seed` (ln"sd`), n. [OE. lin flax + seed. See Linen.] (Bot.) The seeds of flax, from which linseed oil is obtained. [Written also lintseed.]

Linseed cake, the solid mass or cake which remains when oil is expressed from flaxseed. -- Linseed meal, linseed cake reduced to powder. -- Linseed oil, oil obtained by pressure from flaxseed.

Lin"sey (ln"s), n. [See Linen.] Linsey-woolsey.

Lin"sey-wool"sey (-wl"s; 277), n. 1. Cloth made of linen and wool, mixed.

2. Jargon. [Obs.] Shak.

Lin"sey-wool"sey, a. Made of linen and wool; hence, of different and unsuitable parts; mean. Johnson.

Lin"stock (ln"stk), n. [Corrupt. fr. luntstock, D. lontstok; lont lunt + stok stock, stick. See Link a torch, Lunt, and Stock.] A pointed forked staff, shod with iron at the foot, to hold a lighted match for firing cannon. [Written also lintstock.]

Lint (lnt), n. [AS. lnet flax, hemp, fr. ln flax; or, perh. borrowed fr. L. linteum a linen cloth, linen, from linteus linen, a., fr. linum flax, lint. See Linen.] 1. Flax.

2. Linen scraped or otherwise made into a soft, downy or fleecy substance for dressing wounds and sores; also, fine ravelings, down, fluff, or loose short fibers from yarn or fabrics.

Lint doctor (Calico-printing Mach.), a scraper to remove lint from a printing cylinder.

Lin"tel (ln"tl), n. [OF. lintel, F. linteau, LL. lintellus, for limitellus, a dim. fr. L. limes limit. See Limit.] (Arch.) A horizontal member spanning an opening, and carrying the superincumbent weight by means of its strength in resisting crosswise fracture.

{ Lin"tie (ln"t), Lint"white` (lnt"hwt`) }, n. [AS. lnetwige. See Linnet.] (Zoöl.) See Linnet. Tennyson.

Lint"seed` (lnt"sd`), n. See Linseed.

||Li"num (l"nm), n. [L., flax.] (Bot.) A genus of herbaceous plants ||including the flax (Linum usitatissimum). || Li"on (l"n), n. [F. lion, L. leo, -onis, akin to Gr. le`wn. Cf. Chameleon, Dandelion, Leopard.] 1. (Zoöl.) A large carnivorous feline mammal (Felis leo), found in Southern Asia and in most parts of Africa, distinct varieties occurring in the different countries. The adult male, in most varieties, has a thick mane of long shaggy hair that adds to his apparent size, which is less than that of the largest tigers. The length, however, is sometimes eleven feet to the base of the tail. The color is a tawny yellow or yellowish brown; the mane is darker, and the terminal tuft of the tail is black. In one variety, called the maneless lion, the male has only a slight mane.

2. (Astron.) A sign and a constellation; Leo.

3. An object of interest and curiosity, especially a person who is so regarded; as, he was quite a lion in London at that time.

Such society was far more enjoyable than that of Edinburgh, for here he was not a lion, but a man.

Prof. Wilson.

American lion (Zoöl.), the puma or cougar. -- Lion ant (Zoöl.), the ant-lion. -- Lion dog (Zoöl.), a fancy dog with a flowing mane, usually clipped to resemble a lion's mane. -- Lion lizard (Zoöl.), the basilisk. -- Lion's share, all, or nearly all; the best or largest part; -- from Æsop's fable of the lion hunting in company with certain smaller beasts, and appropriating to himself all the prey.

Li"onced (l"nst), a. (Her.) Adorned with lions' heads; having arms terminating in lions' heads; -- said of a cross. [Written also leonced.]

Li"on*cel (l"n*sl), n. [OF., F. lionceau, dim. of lion.] (Her.) A small lion, especially one of several borne in the same coat of arms.

Li"on*el (-l), n. [OF., dim. of lion.] (Zoöl.) The whelp of a lioness; a young lion.

Li"on*ess, n. [OF. lionesse.] (Zoöl.) A female lion.

Li"on*et (-t), n. [OF., dim. of lion.] (Zoöl.) A young or small lion.

Li"on-heart` (-härt`), n. A very brave person.