Chapter 69

Land"mark` (?), n. [AS. landmearc. See Land, and Mark a sign.] 1. A mark to designate the boundary of land; any mark or fixed object (as a marked tree, a stone, a ditch, or a heap of stones) by which the limits of a farm, a town, or other portion of territory may be known and preserved.

2. Any conspicuous object on land that serves as a guide; some prominent object, as a hill or steeple.

Landmarks of history, important events by which eras or conditions are determined.

Land"own`er (?), n. An owner of land.

Land"own`ing, n. The owning of land. -- a. Having property in land; of or pertaining to landowners.

Land"-poor` (?), a. Pecuniarily embarrassed through owning much unprofitable land. [Colloq.]

Land"reeve` (?), n. [Land + reeve an officer.] A subordinate officer on an extensive estate, who acts as an assistant to the steward.

Land"scape (?), n. [Formerly written also landskip.] [D. landschap; land land + - schap, equiv. to E. -schip; akin to G. landschaft, Sw. landskap, Dan. landskab. See Land, and -schip.] 1. A portion of land or territory which the eye can comprehend in a single view, including all the objects it contains.

2. A picture representing a scene by land or sea, actual or fancied, the chief subject being the general aspect of nature, as fields, hills, forests, water. etc.

3. The pictorial aspect of a country.

The landscape of his native country had taken hold on his heart.

Macaulay.

Landscape gardening, The art of laying out grounds and arranging trees, shrubbery, etc., in such a manner as to produce a picturesque effect.

Land"scap`ist (?), n. A painter of landscapes.

Land"skip (?), n. [See Landscape.] A landscape. [Obs. except in poetry.]

Straight my eye hath caught new pleasures, Whilst the landskip round it measures.

Milton.

{ Land"slip` (?), Land"slide` (?), } n. 1. The slipping down of a mass of land from a mountain, hill, etc.

2. The land which slips down.

Lands"man (?), n.; pl. Landsmen (#). 1. One who lives on the land; -- opposed to seaman.

2. (Naut.) A sailor on his first voyage.

Land"streight` (?), n. [See Strait.] A narrow strip of land. [Obs.]

||Land"sturm` (?), n. [G. See Land, and Storm.] That part of the ||reserve force in Germany which is called out last. || ||Land"tag` (?), n. [G. See Land, and Day.] The diet or legislative ||body; as, the Landtag of Prussia. || Land"wait`er (?), n. See Landing waiter, under Landing, a.

Land"ward (?), adv. & a. Toward the land.

||Land"wehr` (?), n. [G., fr. land land, country + wehr defense.] That ||part of the army, in Germany and Austria, which has completed the ||usual military service and is exempt from duty in time of peace, ||except that it is called out occasionally for drill. || Lane (?), a. [See Lone.] Alone. [Scot.]

His lane, by himself; himself alone.

Lane (?), n. [OE. lane, lone, AS. lone, lone; akin to D. laan, OFries. lana, lona.] A passageway between fences or hedges which is not traveled as a highroad; an alley between buildings; a narrow way among trees, rocks, and other natural obstructions; hence, in a general sense, a narrow passageway; as, a lane between lines of men, or through a field of ice.

It is become a turn-again lane unto them which they can not go through.

Tyndale.

Lang (?), a. & adv. Long. [Obs. or Scot.]

Lan"ga*ha (?), n. (Zoöl.) A curious colubriform snake of the genus Xyphorhynchus, from Madagascar. It is brownish red, and its nose is prolonged in the form of a sharp blade.

Lan`ga*rey" (?), n. (Zoöl.) One of numerous species of long-winged, shrikelike birds of Australia and the East Indies, of the genus Artamus, and allied genera; called also wood swallow.

Lan"gate (?), n. (Surg.) A linen roller used in dressing wounds.

Lang"dak` (?), n. (Zoöl.) A wolf (Canis pallipes), found in India, allied to the jackal.

{ Lan"grage (?), Lan"grel (?), } n. A kind of shot formerly used at sea for tearing sails and rigging. It consisted of bolts, nails, and other pieces of iron fastened together or inclosed in a canister.

Lan"gret (?), n. A kind of loaded die. [Obs.]

Lan"gridge (?), n. See Langrage. [Sometimes compounded with shot.]

Lang`syne" (?), adv. & n. [Scot. lang long + syne since.] Long since; long ago. [Scot.]

Lang`ter*a*loo" (?), n. [See Loo.] An old game at cards. See Loo (a). Tatler.

Lan"guage (?), n. [OE. langage, F. langage, fr. L. lingua the tongue, hence speech, language; akin to E. tongue. See Tongue, cf. Lingual.]

1. Any means of conveying or communicating ideas; specifically, human speech; the expression of ideas by the voice; sounds, expressive of thought, articulated by the organs of the throat and mouth.

Language consists in the oral utterance of sounds which usage has made the representatives of ideas. When two or more persons customarily annex the same sounds to the same ideas, the expression of these sounds by one person communicates his ideas to another. This is the primary sense of language, the use of which is to communicate the thoughts of one person to another through the organs of hearing. Articulate sounds are represented to the eye by letters, marks, or characters, which form words.

2. The expression of ideas by writing, or any other instrumentality.

3. The forms of speech, or the methods of expressing ideas, peculiar to a particular nation.

4. The characteristic mode of arranging words, peculiar to an individual speaker or writer; manner of expression; style.

Others for language all their care express.

Pope.

5. The inarticulate sounds by which animals inferior to man express their feelings or their wants.

6. The suggestion, by objects, actions, or conditions, of ideas associated therewith; as, the language of flowers.

There was . . . language in their very gesture.

Shak.

7. The vocabulary and phraseology belonging to an art or department of knowledge; as, medical language; the language of chemistry or theology.

8. A race, as distinguished by its speech. [R.]

All the people, the nations, and the languages, fell down and worshiped the golden image.

Dan. iii. 7.

Language master, a teacher of languages. [Obs.]

Syn. -- Speech; tongue; idiom; dialect; phraseology; diction; discourse; conversation; talk. -- Language, Speech, Tongue, Idiom, Dialect. Language is generic, denoting, in its most extended use, any mode of conveying ideas; speech is the language of articulate sounds; tongue is the Anglo-Saxon term for language, esp. for spoken language; as, the English tongue. Idiom denotes the forms of construction peculiar to a particular language; dialects are varieties of expression which spring up in different parts of a country among people speaking substantially the same language.

Lan"guage, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Languaged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Languaging (?).] To communicate by language; to express in language.

Others were languaged in such doubtful expressions that they have a double sense.

Fuller.

Lan"guaged (?), a. Having a language; skilled in language; -- chiefly used in composition. " Many-languaged nations." Pope.

Lan"guage*less (?), a. Lacking or wanting language; speechless; silent. Shak.

Langued (?), a. [F. langue tongue. See Language.] (Her.) Tongued; having the tongue visible.

Lions . . . represented as armed and langued gules.

Cussans.

||Langue` d'oc" (?). [F., language of oc yes.] The dialect, closely ||akin to French, formerly spoken south of the Loire (in which the word ||for "yes" was oc); Provençal. || ||Langue` d'oïl" (?). [F., language of oïl yes.] The dialect formerly ||spoken north of the Loire (in which the word for "yes" was oïl, F. ||oui). || ||Lan*guen"te (?), adv. [It., p. pr. of languire. See Languish.] (Mus.) ||In a languishing manner; pathetically. || Lan"guet, n. [F. languette, dim. of langue tongue, L. lingua.] 1. Anything resembling the tongue in form or office; specif., the slip of metal in an organ pipe which turns the current of air toward its mouth.

2. That part of the hilt, in certain kinds of swords, which overlaps the scabbard.

Lan"guid (?), a. [L. languidus, fr. languere to be faint or languid: cf. F. languide. See Languish.]

1. Drooping or flagging from exhaustion; indisposed to exertion; without animation; weak; weary; heavy; dull. " Languid, powerless limbs. " Armstrong.

Fire their languid souls with Cato's virtue.

Addison.

2. Slow in progress; tardy. " No motion so swift or languid." Bentley.

3. Promoting or indicating weakness or heaviness; as, a languid day.

Feebly she laugheth in the languid moon.

Keats.

Their idleness, aimless flirtations and languid airs.

W. Black.

Syn. -- Feeble; weak; faint; sickly; pining; exhausted; weary; listless; heavy; dull; heartless.

-- Lan"guid*ly, adv. -- Lan"guid*ness, n.

Lan"guish (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Languished (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Languishing.] [OE. languishen, languissen, F. languir, L. languere; cf. Gr. &?; to slacken, &?; slack, Icel. lakra to lag behind; prob. akin to E. lag, lax, and perh. to E. slack. See -ish.] 1. To become languid or weak; to lose strength or animation; to be or become dull, feeble or spiritless; to pine away; to wither or fade.

We . . . do languish of such diseases.

2 Esdras viii. 31.

Cease, fond nature, cease thy strife, And let me languish into life.

Pope.

For the fields of Heshbon languish.

Is. xvi. 8.

2. To assume an expression of weariness or tender grief, appealing for sympathy. Tennyson.

Syn. -- To pine; wither; fade; droop; faint.

Lan"guish (?), v. i. To cause to droop or pine. [Obs.] Shak. Dryden.

Lan"guish, n. See Languishment. [Obs. or Poetic]

What, of death, too, That rids our dogs of languish ?

Shak.

And the blue languish of soft Allia's eye.

Pope.

Lan"guish*er (?), n. One who languishes.

Lan"guish*ing, a. 1. Becoming languid and weak; pining; losing health and strength.

2. Amorously pensive; as, languishing eyes, or look.

Lan"guish*ing*ly, adv. In a languishing manner.

Lan"guish*ment (?), n. 1. The state of languishing. " Lingering languishment." Shak.

2. Tenderness of look or mien; amorous pensiveness.

Lan"guish*ness, n. Languishment. [Obs.]

Lan"guor (?), n. [OE. langour, OF. langour, F. langueur, L. languor. See Languish.] 1. A state of the body or mind which is caused by exhaustion of strength and characterized by a languid feeling; feebleness; lassitude; laxity.

2. Any enfeebling disease. [Obs.]

Sick men with divers languors.

Wyclif (Luke iv. 40).

3. Listless indolence; dreaminess. Pope. " German dreams, Italian languors." The Century.

Syn. -- Feebleness; weakness; faintness; weariness; dullness; heaviness; lassitude; listlessness.

Lan"guor*ous (?), a. [From Languor: cf. F. langoureux.] Producing, or tending to produce, languor; characterized by languor. [Obs. or Poetic]

Whom late I left in languorous constraint.

Spenser.

To wile the length from languorous hours, and draw The sting from pain.

Tennyson.

Lan"gure (?), v. i. To languish. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Lan"gya (?), n. (Zoöl.) [Native name Anglicized.] One of several species of East Indian and Asiatic fresh-water fishes of the genus Ophiocephalus, remarkable for their power of living out of water, and for their tenacity of life; -- called also walking fishes.

Lan"iard (?), n. See Lanyard.

La`ni*ar"i*form (?), a. [Laniary + -form.] (Anat.) Shaped like a laniary, or canine, tooth. Owen.

La"ni*a*ry (?), a. [L. laniarius, fr. lanius butcher, laniare to tear in pieces: cf. F. laniaire.] (Anat.) Lacerating or tearing; as, the laniary canine teeth.

La"ni*a*ry, n. [L. Laniary, a.]

1. The shambles; a place of slaughter. [R.]

2. (Anat.) A laniary, or canine, tooth.

La"ni*ate (?), v. t. [L. laniatus, p. p. of laniare.] To tear in pieces. [R.]

La`ni*a"tion (?), n. [L. laniatio.] A tearing in pieces. [R.]

Lan"ier (?), n. [F. lanière. See Lanyard.] [Written also lanner, lanyer.] 1. A thong of leather; a whip lash. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

2. A strap used to fasten together parts of armor, to hold the shield by, and the like. Fairholt.

La*nif"er*ous (?), n. [L. lanifer; lana wool + ferre to bear: cf. F. lanifère.] Bearing or producing wool.

La*nif"i*cal (?), a. [L. lanificus; lana wool + facere to make.] Working in wool.

Lan"i*fice (?), n. [L. lanificium: cf. OF. lanifice.] Anything made of wool. [Obs.] Bacon.

La*nig"er*ous (?), a. [L. laniger; lano wool + gerere to hear.] Bearing or producing wool.

La"ni*oid (?), a. [NL. Lanius (fr. L. lanius a butcher), the typical genus + -oid.] (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to the shrikes (family Laniidæ).

Lank (?), a. [Compar. Lanker (?); superl. Lankest.] [AS. hlanc; cf. G. lenken to turn, gelenk joint, OHG. hlanca hip, side, flank, and E. link of a chain.] 1. Slender and thin; not well filled out; not plump; shrunken; lean.

Meager and lank with fasting grown.

Swift.

Who would not choose . . . to have rather a lank purse than an empty brain?

Barrow.

2. Languid; drooping.[Obs.]

Who, piteous of her woes, reared her lank head.

Milton.

Lank hair, long, thin hair. Macaulay.

Lank, v. i. & t. To become lank; to make lank. [Obs.] Shak. G. Fletcher.

Lank"i*ness (?), n. The condition or quality or being lanky.

Lank"ly, adv. In a lank manner.

Lank"ness, n. The state or quality of being lank.

Lank"y, a. Somewhat lank. Thackeray.

The lanky Dinka, nearly seven feet in height.

The Century.

{ Lan"ner (?), n. f. Lan"ner*et (?), n. m.} [F. lanier, OF. also, lasnier. Cf. Lanyard.] (Zoöl.) A long-tailed falcon (Falco lanarius), of Southern Europe, Asia, and Northern Africa, resembling the American prairie falcon.

Lan"o*lin (?), n. [L. lana wool + oleum oil.] (Physiol. Chem.) A peculiar fatlike body, made up of cholesterin and certain fatty acids, found in feathers, hair, wool, and keratin tissues generally.

Under the same name, it is prepared from wool for commercial purposes, and forms an admirable basis for ointments, being readily absorbed by the skin.

<! p. 829 !>

||Lan"seh (?), n. The small, whitish brown fruit of an East Indian tree ||(Lansium domesticum). It has a fleshy pulp, with an agreeable subacid ||taste. Balfour. || Lans"que*net (?), n. [F., fr. G. landsknecht a foot soldier, also a game of cards introduced by these foot soldiers; land country + knecht boy, servant. See Land, and Knight.] 1. A German foot soldier in foreign service in the 15th and 16th centuries; a soldier of fortune; -- a term used in France and Western Europe.

2. A game at cards, vulgarly called lambskinnet.

[They play] their little game of lansquenet.

Longfellow.

Lant (?), n. Urine. [Prov. Eng.] Nares.

Lant, n. [Cf. Lance.] (Zoöl.) Any one of several species of small, slender, marine fishes of the genus Ammedytes. The common European species (A. tobianus) and the American species (A. Americanus) live on sandy shores, buried in the sand, and are caught in large quantities for bait. Called also launce, and sand eel.

Lant, n. See Lanterloo. [Obs.] Halliwell.

{ Lan*ta"ni*um (?), Lan"ta*num (?), } n. (Chem.) See Lanthanum.

Lan`ta*nu"ric (?), a. [Formed by transposition of the letters of allantoin and -uric.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, a nitrogenous organic acid of the uric acid group, obtained by the decomposition of allantoin, and usually called allanturic acid.

Lan"ter*loo` (?), n. An old name of loo (a).

Lan"tern (ln"trn), n. [F. lanterne, L. lanterna, laterna, from Gr. lampth`r light, torch. See Lamp.] 1. Something inclosing a light, and protecting it from wind, rain, etc.; -- sometimes portable, as a closed vessel or case of horn, perforated tin, glass, oiled paper, or other material, having a lamp or candle within; sometimes fixed, as the glazed inclosure of a street light, or of a lighthouse light.

2. (Arch.) (a) An open structure of light material set upon a roof, to give light and air to the interior. (b) A cage or open chamber of rich architecture, open below into the building or tower which it crowns. (c) A smaller and secondary cupola crowning a larger one, for ornament, or to admit light; such as the lantern of the cupola of the Capitol at Washington, or that of the Florence cathedral.

3. (Mach.) A lantern pinion or trundle wheel. See Lantern pinion (below).

4. (Steam Engine) A kind of cage inserted in a stuffing box and surrounding a piston rod, to separate the packing into two parts and form a chamber between for the reception of steam, etc.; -- called also lantern brass.

5. (Founding) A perforated barrel to form a core upon.

6. (Zoöl.) See Aristotle's lantern.

Fig. 1 represents a hand lantern; fig. 2, an arm lantern; fig. 3, a breast lantern; -- so named from the positions in which they are carried.

Dark lantern, a lantern with a single opening, which may be closed so as to conceal the light; -- called also bull's-eye. -- Lantern fly, Lantern carrier (Zoöl.), any one of several species of large, handsome, hemipterous insects of the genera Laternaria, Fulgora, and allies, of the family Fulgoridæ. The largest species is Laternaria phosphorea of Brazil. The head of some species has been supposed to be phosphorescent. -- Lantern jaws, long, thin jaws; hence, a thin visage. -- Lantern pinion, Lantern wheel (Mach.), a kind of pinion or wheel having cylindrical bars or trundles, instead of teeth, inserted at their ends in two parallel disks or plates; -- so called as resembling a lantern in shape; -- called also wallower, or trundle. -- Lantern shell (Zoöl.), any translucent, marine, bivalve shell of the genus Anatina, and allied genera. -- Magic lantern, an optical instrument consisting of a case inclosing a light, and having suitable lenses in a lateral tube, for throwing upon a screen, in a darkened room or the like, greatly magnified pictures from slides placed in the focus of the outer lens.

Lan"tern, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Lanterned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Lanterning.] [Cf. F. lanterner to hang at the lamp post, fr. lanterne. See Lantern.] To furnish with a lantern; as, to lantern a lighthouse.

Lan"tern-jawed` (?), a. Having lantern jaws or long, thin jaws; as, a lantern-jawed person.

Lan"tha*nite (ln"th*nt), n. (Min.) Hydrous carbonate of lanthanum, found in tabular white crystals.

Lan"tha*num (-nm), n. [NL., fr. Gr. lanqa`nein to lie hid, to be concealed.] (Chem.) A rare element of the group of the earth metals, allied to aluminium. It occurs in certain rare minerals, as cerite, gadolinite, orthite, etc., and was so named from the difficulty of separating it from cerium, didymium, and other rare elements with which it is usually associated. Atomic weight 138.5. Symbol La. [Formerly written also lanthanium.]

Lan"tho*pine (?), n. [Gr. lanqa`nein to lie hid + E. opium.] (Chem.) An alkaloid found in opium in small quantities, and extracted as a white crystalline substance.

Lan"thorn (?), n. See Lantern. [Obs.]

{ La*nu"gi*nose` (?), La*nu"gi*nous (?), } a. [L. lanuginosus, fr. lanugo, - ginis, woolly substance, down, fr. lana wool: cf. F. lanugineux.] Covered with down, or fine soft hair; downy.

||La*nu"go (?), n. [See Lanuginose.] (Anat.) The soft woolly hair which ||covers most parts of the mammal fetus, and in man is shed before or ||soon after birth. || Lan"yard (?), n. [F. lanière thong, strap, OF. lasniere, fr. lasne strap, thong, L. lacinia lappet. flap, edge of a garment. Cf. Lanier.] [Written also laniard.] 1. (Naut.) A short piece of rope or line for fastening something in ships; as, the lanyards of the gun ports, of the buoy, and the like; esp., pieces passing through the dead-eyes, and used to extend shrouds, stays, etc.

2. (Mil.) A strong cord, about twelve feet long, with an iron hook at one end a handle at the other, used in firing cannon with a friction tube.

Lan"yer (?), n. See Lanier.

La*oc"o*ön (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?; ] 1. (Class. Myth.) A priest of Apollo, during the Trojan war. (See 2.)

2. (Sculp.) A marble group in the Vatican at Rome, representing the priest Laocoön, with his sons, infolded in the coils of two serpents, as described by Virgil.

La*od`i*ce"an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Laodicea, a city in Phrygia Major; like the Christians of Laodicea; lukewarm in religion. Rev. iii. 14- 16.

Lap (?), n. [OE. lappe, AS. læppa; akin to D. lap patch, piece, G. lappen, OHG. lappa, Dan. lap, Sw. lapp.] 1. The loose part of a coat; the lower part of a garment that plays loosely; a skirt; an apron. Chaucer.

2. An edge; a border; a hem, as of cloth. Chaucer.

If he cuts off but a lap of truth's garment, his heart smites him.

Fuller.

3. The part of the clothing that lies on the knees or thighs when one sits down; that part of the person thus covered; figuratively, a place of rearing and fostering; as, to be reared in the lap of luxury.

Men expect that happiness should drop into their laps.

Tillotson.

4. That part of any substance or fixture which extends over, or lies upon, or by the side of, a part of another; as, the lap of a board; also, the measure of such extension over or upon another thing.

The lap of shingles or slates in roofing is the distance one course extends over the second course below, the distance over the course immediately below being called the cover.

5. (Steam Engine) The amount by which a slide valve at its half stroke overlaps a port in the seat, being equal to the distance the valve must move from its mid stroke position in order to begin to open the port. Used alone, lap refers to outside lap. See Outside lap (below).

6. The state or condition of being in part extended over or by the side of something else; or the extent of the overlapping; as, the second boat got a lap of half its length on the leader.

7. One circuit around a race track, esp. when the distance is a small fraction of a mile; as, to run twenty laps; to win by three laps. See Lap, to fold, 2.

8. In card playing and other games, the points won in excess of the number necessary to complete a game; -- so called when they are counted in the score of the following game.

9. (Cotton Manuf.) A sheet, layer, or bat, of cotton fiber prepared for the carding machine.

10. (Mach.) A piece of brass, lead, or other soft metal, used to hold a cutting or polishing powder in cutting glass, gems, and the like, or in polishing cutlery, etc. It is usually in the form of wheel or disk, which revolves on a vertical axis.

Lap joint, a joint made by one layer, part, or piece, overlapping another, as in the scarfing of timbers. -- Lap weld, a lap joint made by welding together overlapping edges or ends. -- Inside lap (Steam Engine), lap of the valve with respect to the exhaust port. -- Outside lap, lap with respect to the admission, or steam, port.

Lap, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Lapped (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n. Lapping.] 1. To rest or recline in a lap, or as in a lap.

To lap his head on lady's breast.

Praed.

2. To cut or polish with a lap, as glass, gems, cutlery, etc. See 1st Lap, 10.

Lap, v. t. [OE. lappen to fold (see Lap, n.); cf. also OE. wlappen, perh. another form of wrappen, E, wrap.] 1. To fold; to bend and lay over or on something; as, to lap a piece of cloth.

2. To wrap or wind around something.

About the paper . . . I lapped several times a slender thread of very black silk.

Sir I. Newton.

3. To infold; to hold as in one's lap; to cherish.

Her garment spreads, and laps him in the folds.

Dryden.

4. To lay or place over anything so as to partly or wholly cover it; as, to lap one shingle over another; to lay together one partly over another; as, to lap weather-boards; also, to be partly over, or by the side of (something); as, the hinder boat lapped the foremost one.

5. (Carding & Spinning) To lay together one over another, as fleeces or slivers for further working.

To lap boards, shingles, etc., to lay one partly over another. -- To lap timbers, to unite them in such a way as to preserve the same breadth and depth throughout, as by scarfing. Weale.

Lap, v. i. To be turned or folded; to lie partly upon or by the side of something, or of one another; as, the cloth laps back; the boats lap; the edges lap.