Chapter 54

Joy (?), n. [OE. joye, OF. joye, joie, goie, F. joie, L. gaudia, pl. of gaudium joy, fr. gaudere to rejoice, to be glad; cf. Gr. &?; to rejoice, &?; proud. Cf. Gaud, Jewel.]

1. The passion or emotion excited by the acquisition or expectation of good; pleasurable feelings or emotions caused by success, good fortune, and the like, or by a rational prospect of possessing what we love or desire; gladness; exhilaration of spirits; delight.

Her heavenly form beheld, all wished her joy.

Dryden.

Glides the smooth current of domestic joy.

Johnson.

Who, for the joy that was set before him, endured the cross, despising the shame.

Heb. xii. 2.

Tears of true joy for his return.

Shak.

Joy is a delight of the mind, from the consideration of the present or assured approaching possession of a good.

Locke.

2. That which causes joy or happiness.

For ye are our glory and joy.

1 Thess. ii. 20.

A thing of beauty is a joy forever.

Keats.

3. The sign or exhibition of joy; gayety; mirth; merriment; festivity.

Such joy made Una, when her knight she found.

Spenser.

The roofs with joy resound.

Dryden.

Joy is used in composition, esp. with participles, to from many self-explaining compounds; as, joy-bells, joy-bringing, joy-inspiring, joy-resounding, etc.

Syn. -- Gladness; pleasure; delight; happiness; exultation; transport; felicity; ecstasy; rapture; bliss; gayety; mirth; merriment; festivity; hilarity.

Joy, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Joyed (joid); p. pr. & vb. n. Joying.] [OF. joir, F. jouir. See Joy, n.] To rejoice; to be glad; to delight; to exult.

I will joy in the God of my salvation.

Hab. iii. 18.

In whose sight all things joy.

Milton.

Joy, v. t. 1. To give joy to; to congratulate. [Obs.] "Joy us of our conquest." Dryden.

To joy the friend, or grapple with the foe.

Prior.

2. To gladden; to make joyful; to exhilarate. [Obs.]

Neither pleasure's art can joy my spirits.

Shak.

3. To enjoy. [Obs.] See Enjoy.

Who might have lived and joyed immortal bliss.

Milton.

Joy"ance (?), n. [OF. joiance.] Enjoyment; gayety; festivity; joyfulness. Spenser.

Some days of joyance are decreed to all.

Byron.

From what hid fountains doth thy joyance flow?

Trench.

Joy"an*cy (?), n. Joyance. [R.] Carlyle.

Joy"ful (?), a. Full of joy; having or causing joy; very glad; as, a joyful heart. "Joyful tidings." Shak.

My soul shall be joyful in my God.

Is. lxi. 10.

Sad for their loss, but joyful of our life.

Pope.

-- Joy"ful*ly, adv. -- Joy"ful*ness, n.

Joy"less, a. Not having joy; not causing joy; unenjoyable. -- Joy"less*ly, adv. -- Joy"less*ness, n.

With downcast eyes the joyless victor sat.

Dryden.

Youth and health and war are joyless to him.

Addison.

[He] pining for the lass, Is joyless of the grove, and spurns the growing grass.

Dryden.

Joy"ous (?), a. [OE. joyous, joious, joios, F. joyeux.See Joy.] Glad; gay; merry; joyful; also, affording or inspiring joy; with of before the word or words expressing the cause of joy.

Is this your joyous city?

Is. xxiii. 7.

They all as glad as birds of joyous prime.

Spenser.

And joyous of our conquest early won.

Dryden.

Syn. -- Merry; lively; blithe; gleeful; gay; glad; mirthful; sportive; festive; joyful; happy; blissful; charming; delightful.

-- Joy"ous*ly, adv. -- Joy"ous*ness, n.

Joy"some (&?;), a. Causing joyfulness. [R.]

This all joysome grove.

T. Browne.

Jub (?), n. [Perh. corrupted fr. jug.] A vessel for holding ale or wine; a jug. [Obs.] Chaucer.

||Ju"ba (?), n.; pl. Jubæ (-b). [L., a mane.] || 1. (Zoöl.) The mane of an animal.

2. (Bot.) A loose panicle, the axis of which falls to pieces, as in certain grasses.

Ju"bate (?), a. [L. jubatus having a mane.] (Zoöl.) Fringed with long, pendent hair.

||Ju`bé" (?), n. [F.] (Arch.) (a) A chancel screen or rood screen. (b) ||The gallery above such a screen, from which certain parts of the ||service were formerly read. See Rood loft, under Rood. || Ju"bi*lant (?), a. [L. jubilans, -antis, p. pr. of jubilare to shout for joy: cf. F. jubilant. See Jubilate.] Uttering songs of triumph; shouting with joy; triumphant; exulting. "The jubilant age." Coleridge.

While the bright pomp ascended jubilant.

Milton.

Ju"bi*lant*ly, adv. In a jubilant manner.

Ju"bi*lar (?), a. [Cf. F. jubilaire.] Pertaining to, or having the character of, a jubilee. [R.] Bp. Hall.

Ju`bi*la"te (?), n. [L., imperat. of jubilare to shout for joy.]

1. The third Sunday after Easter; -- so called because the introit is the 66th Psalm, which, in the Latin version, begins with the words, "Jubilate Deo."

2. A name of the 100th Psalm; -- so called from its opening word in the Latin version.

Ju"bi*late (?), v. i. [L. jubilatus, p. p. of jubilare.] To exult; to rejoice. [R.] De Quincey.

Ju`bi*la"tion (?), n. [L. jubilatio: cf. F. jubilation.] A triumphant shouting; rejoicing; exultation. "Jubilations and hallelujahs." South.

Ju"bi*lee (?), n. [F. jubilé, L. jubilaeus, Gr. &?;, fr. Heb. y&?;bel the blast of a trumpet, also the grand sabbatical year, which was announced by sound of trumpet.]

1. (Jewish Hist.) Every fiftieth year, being the year following the completion of each seventh sabbath of years, at which time all the slaves of Hebrew blood were liberated, and all lands which had been alienated during the whole period reverted to their former owners. [In this sense spelled also, in some English Bibles, jubile.] Lev. xxv. 8-17.

2. The joyful commemoration held on the fiftieth anniversary of any event; as, the jubilee of Queen Victoria's reign; the jubilee of the American Board of Missions.

3. (R. C. Ch.) A church solemnity or ceremony celebrated at Rome, at stated intervals, originally of one hundred years, but latterly of twenty-five; a plenary and extraordinary indulgence granted by the sovereign pontiff to the universal church. One invariable condition of granting this indulgence is the confession of sins and receiving of the eucharist.

4. A season of general joy.

The town was all a jubilee of feasts.

Dryden.

5. A state of joy or exultation. [R.] "In the jubilee of his spirits." Sir W. Scott.

Ju*cun"di*ty (?), n. [L. jucunditas, from jucundus.] Pleasantness; agreeableness. See Jocundity. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

Ju"dah*ite (?), n. One of the tribe of Judah; a member of the kingdom of Judah; a Jew. Kitto.

{ Ju*da"ic (?), Ju*da"ic*al (?), } a. [L. Judaïcus, fr. Judaea, the country Judea: cf. F. Judaïque. See Jew.] Of or pertaining to the Jews. "The natural or Judaical [religion]." South.

Ju*da"ic*al*ly, adv. After the Jewish manner. Milton.

Ju"da*ism (?), n. [L. Judaïsmus: cf. F. judaïsme.]

1. The religious doctrines and rites of the Jews as enjoined in the laws of Moses. J. S. Mill.

2. Conformity to the Jewish rites and ceremonies.

Ju"da*ist, n. One who believes and practices Judaism.

Ju`da*is"tic (?), a. Of or pertaining to Judaism.

Ju`da*i*za"tion (?), n. The act of Judaizing; a conforming to the Jewish religion or ritual. [R.]

Ju"da*ize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Judaized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Judaizing (?).] [Cf. F. judaïser.] To conform to the doctrines, observances, or methods of the Jews; to inculcate or impose Judaism.

They . . . prevailed on the Galatians to Judaize so far as to observe the rites of Moses in various instances. They were Judaizing doctors, who taught the observation of the Mosaic law.

Bp. Bull.

Ju"da*ize, v. t. To impose Jewish observances or rites upon; to convert to Judaism.

The heretical Theodotion, the Judaized Symmachus.

Milton.

Ju"da*i`zer (?), n. One who conforms to or inculcates Judaism; specifically, pl. (Ch. Hist.), those Jews who accepted Christianity but still adhered to the law of Moses and worshiped in the temple at Jerusalem.

Ju"das (?), n. The disciple who betrayed Christ. Hence: A treacherous person; one who betrays under the semblance of friendship. -- a. Treacherous; betraying.

Judas hole, a peephole or secret opening for spying. -- Judas kiss, a deceitful and treacherous kiss. -- Judas tree (Bot.), a leguminous tree of the genus Cercis, with pretty, rose- colored flowers in clusters along the branches. Judas is said to have hanged himself on a tree of this genus (C. Siliquastrum). C. Canadensis and C. occidentalis are the American species, and are called also redbud.

Ju"das-col`ored (?), a. Red; -- from a tradition that Judas Iscariot had red hair and beard.

There's treachery in that Judas-colored beard.

Dryden.

Jud"dock (jd"dk), n. [For judcock; jud (equiv. to Prov. E. gid a jacksnipe, W. giach snipe) + cock.] (Zoöl.) See Jacksnipe.

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Ju*de"an (j*d"an), a. [L. Judaeus. See Jew.] Of or pertaining to Judea. -- n. A native of Judea; a Jew.

Judge (jj), n. [OE. juge, OF. & F. juge, fr. OF. jugier, F. juger, to judge. See Judge, v. i.]

1. (Law) A public officer who is invested with authority to hear and determine litigated causes, and to administer justice between parties in courts held for that purpose.

The parts of a judge in hearing are four: to direct the evidence; to moderate length, repetition, or impertinency of speech; to recapitulate, select, and collate the material points of that which hath been said; and to give the rule or sentence.

Bacon.

2. One who has skill, knowledge, or experience, sufficient to decide on the merits of a question, or on the quality or value of anything; one who discerns properties or relations with skill and readiness; a connoisseur; an expert; a critic.

A man who is no judge of law may be a good judge of poetry, or eloquence, or of the merits of a painting.

Dryden.

3. A person appointed to decide in a trial of skill, speed, etc., between two or more parties; an umpire; as, a judge in a horse race.

4. (Jewish Hist.) One of the supreme magistrates, with both civil and military powers, who governed Israel for more than four hundred years.

5. pl. The title of the seventh book of the Old Testament; the Book of Judges.

Judge Advocate (Mil. & Nav.), a person appointed to act as prosecutor at a court-martial; he acts as the representative of the government, as the responsible adviser of the court, and also, to a certain extent, as counsel for the accused, when he has no other counsel. -- Judge-Advocate General, in the United States, the title of two officers, one attached to the War Department and having the rank of brigadier general, the other attached to the Navy Department and having the rank of colonel of marines or captain in the navy. The first is chief of the Bureau of Military Justice of the army, the other performs a similar duty for the navy. In England, the designation of a member of the ministry who is the legal adviser of the secretary of state for war, and supreme judge of the proceedings of courts-martial.

Syn. -- Judge, Umpire, Arbitrator, Referee. A judge, in the legal sense, is a magistrate appointed to determine questions of law. An umpire is a person selected to decide between two or more who contend for a prize. An arbitrator is one chosen to allot to two contestants their portion of a claim, usually on grounds of equity and common sense. A referee is one to whom a case is referred for final adjustment. Arbitrations and references are sometimes voluntary, sometimes appointed by a court.

Judge, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Judged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Judging.] [OE. jugen, OF. jugier, F. juger, L. judicare, fr. judex judge; jus law or right + dicare to proclaim, pronounce, akin to dicere to say. See Just, a., and Diction, and cf. Judicial.]

1. To hear and determine, as in causes on trial; to decide as a judge; to give judgment; to pass sentence.

The Lord judge between thee and me.

Gen. xvi. 5.

Father, who art judge Of all things made, and judgest only right!

Milton.

2. To assume the right to pass judgment on another; to sit in judgment or commendation; to criticise or pass adverse judgment upon others. See Judge, v. t., 3.

Forbear to judge, for we are sinners all.

Shak.

3. To compare facts or ideas, and perceive their relations and attributes, and thus distinguish truth from falsehood; to determine; to discern; to distinguish; to form an opinion about.

Judge not according to the appearance.

John vii. 24.

She is wise if I can judge of her.

Shak.

Judge, v. t. 1. To hear and determine by authority, as a case before a court, or a controversy between two parties. "Chaos [shall] judge the strife." Milton.

2. To examine and pass sentence on; to try; to doom.

God shall judge the righteous and the wicked.

Eccl. iii. 7.

To bring my whole cause 'fore his holiness, And to be judged by him.

Shak.

3. To arrogate judicial authority over; to sit in judgment upon; to be censorious toward.

Judge not, that ye be not judged.

Matt. vii. 1.

4. To determine upon or deliberation; to esteem; to think; to reckon.

If ye have judged me to be faithful to the Lord.

Acts xvi. 15.

5. To exercise the functions of a magistrate over; to govern. [Obs.]

Make us a king to judge us.

1 Sam. viii. 5.

Judg"er (?), n. One who judges. Sir K. Digby.

Judge"ship (?), n. The office of a judge.

Judg"ment (?), n. [OE. jugement, F. jugement, LL. judicamentum, fr. L. judicare. See Judge, v. i.]

1. The act of judging; the operation of the mind, involving comparison and discrimination, by which a knowledge of the values and relations of thins, whether of moral qualities, intellectual concepts, logical propositions, or material facts, is obtained; as, by careful judgment he avoided the peril; by a series of wrong judgments he forfeited confidence.

I oughte deme, of skilful jugement, That in the salte sea my wife is deed.

Chaucer.

2. The power or faculty of performing such operations (see 1); esp., when unqualified, the faculty of judging or deciding rightly, justly, or wisely; good sense; as, a man of judgment; a politician without judgment.

He shall judge thy people with righteousness and thy poor with judgment.

Ps. lxxii. 2.

Hernia. I would my father look'd but with my eyes. Theseus. Rather your eyes must with his judgment look.

Shak.

3. The conclusion or result of judging; an opinion; a decision.

She in my judgment was as fair as you.

Shak.

Who first his judgment asked, and then a place.

Pope.

4. The act of determining, as in courts of law, what is conformable to law and justice; also, the determination, decision, or sentence of a court, or of a judge; the mandate or sentence of God as the judge of all.

In judgments between rich and poor, consider not what the poor man needs, but what is his own.

Jer. Taylor.

Most heartily I do beseech the court To give the judgment.

Shak.

5. (Philos.) (a) That act of the mind by which two notions or ideas which are apprehended as distinct are compared for the purpose of ascertaining their agreement or disagreement. See 1. The comparison may be threefold: (1) Of individual objects forming a concept. (2) Of concepts giving what is technically called a judgment. (3) Of two judgments giving an inference. Judgments have been further classed as analytic, synthetic, and identical. (b) That power or faculty by which knowledge dependent upon comparison and discrimination is acquired. See 2.

A judgment is the mental act by which one thing is affirmed or denied of another.

Sir W. Hamilton.

The power by which we are enabled to perceive what is true or false, probable or improbable, is called by logicians the faculty of judgment.

Stewart.

6. A calamity regarded as sent by God, by way of recompense for wrong committed; a providential punishment. "Judgments are prepared for scorners." Prov. xix. 29. "This judgment of the heavens that makes us tremble." Shak.

7. (Theol.) The final award; the last sentence.

Judgment, abridgment, acknowledgment, and lodgment are in England sometimes written, judgement, abridgement, acknowledgement, and lodgement.

Judgment is used adjectively in many self-explaining combinations; as, judgment hour; judgment throne.

Judgment day (Theol.), the last day, or period when final judgment will be pronounced on the subjects of God's moral government. -- Judgment debt (Law), a debt secured to the creditor by a judge's order. -- Judgment hall, a hall where courts are held. -- Judgment seat, the seat or bench on which judges sit in court; hence, a court; a tribunal. "We shall all stand before the judgment seat of Christ." Rom. xiv. 10. -- Judgment summons (Law), a proceeding by a judgment creditor against a judgment debtor upon an unsatisfied judgment.

Arrest of judgment. (Law) See under Arrest, n. -- Judgment of God, a term formerly applied to extraordinary trials of secret crimes, as by arms and single combat, by ordeal, etc.; it being imagined that God would work miracles to vindicate innocence. See under Ordeal.

Syn. -- Discernment; decision; determination; award; estimate; criticism; taste; discrimination; penetration; sagacity; intelligence; understanding. See Taste.

Ju"di*ca*ble (?), a. [L. judicabilis. See Judge, v. i.] Capable of being judged; capable of being tried or decided upon. Jer. Taylor.

Ju"di*ca*tive (?), a. Having power to judge; judicial; as, the judicative faculty. Hammond.

Ju"di*ca*to*ry (?), a. [L. judicatorius.] Pertaining to the administration of justice; dispensing justice; judicial; as, judicatory tribunals. T. Wharton.

Power to reject in an authoritative or judicatory way.

Bp. Hall.

Ju"di*ca*to*ry (277), n. [L. judicatorium.]

1. A court of justice; a tribunal. Milton.

2. Administration of justice.

The supreme court of judicatory.

Clarendon.

Ju"di*ca*ture (?; 135), n. [F., fr. LL. judicatura.]

1. The state or profession of those employed in the administration of justice; also, the dispensing or administration of justice.

The honor of the judges in their judicature is the king's honor.

Bacon.

2. A court of justice; a judicatory. South.

3. The right of judicial action; jurisdiction; extent jurisdiction of a judge or court.

Our Savior disputes not here the judicature, for that was not his office, but the morality, of divorce.

Milton.

Ju*di"cial (?), a. [L. judicialis, fr. judicium judgment, fr. judex judge: cf. OF. judicial. See Judge.]

1. Pertaining or appropriate to courts of justice, or to a judge; practiced or conformed to in the administration of justice; sanctioned or ordered by a court; as, judicial power; judicial proceedings; a judicial sale. "Judicial massacres." Macaulay.

Not a moral but a judicial law, and so was abrogated.

Milton.

2. Fitted or apt for judging or deciding; as, a judicial mind.

3. Belonging to the judiciary, as distinguished from legislative, administrative, or executive. See Executive.

4. Judicious. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Ju*di"cial*ly, adv. In a judicial capacity or judicial manner. "The Lords . . . sitting judicially." Macaulay.

Ju*di"cia*ry (?; 277), a. [L. judiciarius, fr. judicium judgment: cf. F. judiciare. See Judicial.] Of or pertaining to courts of judicature, or legal tribunals; judicial; as, a judiciary proceeding. Bp. Burnet.

Ju*di"cia*ry, n. [Cf. LL. judiciaria, F. judiciaire.] That branch of government in which judicial power is vested; the system of courts of justice in a country; the judges, taken collectively; as, an independent judiciary; the senate committee on the judiciary.

Ju*di"cious (?), a. [F. judicieux, fr. L. judicium judgment. See Judicial.] Of or relating to a court; judicial. [Obs.]

His last offenses to us Shall have judicious hearing.

Shak.

2. Directed or governed by sound judgment; having sound judgment; wise; prudent; sagacious; discreet.

He is noble, wise, judicious, and best knows The fits o' the season.

Shak.

Syn. -- Prudent; discreet; rational; wise; skillful; discerning; sagacious; well-advised.

Ju*di"cious*ly, adv. In a judicious manner; with good judgment; wisely.

Ju*di"cious*ness, n. The quality or state of being judicious; sagacity; sound judgment.

Jug (?), n. [Prob. fr. Jug, a corruption of, or nickname for, Joanna; cf. 2d Jack, and Jill. See Johannes.]

1. A vessel, usually of coarse earthenware, with a swelling belly and narrow mouth, and having a handle on one side.

2. A pitcher; a ewer. [Eng.]

3. A prison; a jail; a lockup. [Slang] Gay.

Jug (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jugged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Jugging (?).]

1. To seethe or stew, as in a jug or jar placed in boiling water; as, to jug a hare.

2. To commit to jail; to imprison. [Slang]

Jug, v. i. (Zoöl.) 1. To utter a sound resembling this word, as certain birds do, especially the nightingale.

2. To nestle or collect together in a covey; -- said of quails and partridges.

Ju"gal (?), a. [L. jugalis, fr. jugum yoke.]

1. Relating to a yoke, or to marriage. [Obs.]

2. (Anat.) Pertaining to, or in the region of, the malar, or cheek bone.

||Ju*ga"ta (?), n. pl. [Neut. pl. of L. jugatus, p. p. of jugare to ||join.] (Numis.) The figures of two heads on a medal or coin, either ||side by side or joined. || Ju"ga*ted (?), a. (Bot.) Coupled together.

Juge (?), n. A judge. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Jug"e*ment (?), n. Judgment. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Ju"ger (?), n. [L. jugerum.] A Roman measure of land, measuring 28,800 square feet, or 240 feet in length by 120 in breadth.

Jug"ger (?), n. (Zoöl.) An East Indian falcon. See Lugger.

Jug"ger*naut` (?), n. [Skr. jaganntha lord of the world.] One of the names under which Vishnu, in his incarnation as Krishna, is worshiped by the Hindoos. [Written also Juggernnath, Jaganath, Jaganatha, etc.]

The principal seat of the worship of Juggernaut is at Pûri in Orissa. At certain times the idol is drawn from the temple by the multitude, on a high car with sixteen wheels. Formerly, fanatics sometimes threw themselves under the wheels to be crushed as a sacrifice to the god.

Jug"gle (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Juggled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Juggling (?).] [OE. juglen; cf. OF. jogler, jugler, F. jongler. See Juggler.]

1. To play tricks by sleight of hand; to cause amusement and sport by tricks of skill; to conjure.

2. To practice artifice or imposture.

Be these juggling fiends no more believed.

Shak.

Jug"gle, v. t. To deceive by trick or artifice.

Is't possible the spells of France should juggle Men into such strange mysteries?

Shak.

Jug"gle, n. 1. A trick by sleight of hand.

2. An imposture; a deception. Tennyson.

A juggle of state to cozen the people.

Tillotson.

3. A block of timber cut to a length, either in the round or split. Knight.

Jug"gler (?), n. [OE. jogelour, juglur, OF. jogleor, jugleor, jongleor, F. jongleur, fr. L. joculator a jester, joker, fr. joculus a little jest or joke, dim. of jocus jest, joke. See Joke, and cf. Jongleur, Joculator.]

1. One who practices or exhibits tricks by sleight of hand; one skilled in legerdemain; a conjurer.

As nimble jugglers that deceive the eye.

Shak.

Jugglers and impostors do daily delude them.

Sir T. Browne.

2. A deceiver; a cheat. Shak.

Jug"gler*ess, n. 1. A female juggler. T. Warton.

Jug"gler*y (?), n. [OE. & OF. joglerie, F. jonglerie.]

1. The art or act of a juggler; sleight of hand.

2. Trickery; imposture; as, political jugglery.

Jug"gling (?), a. Cheating; tricky. -- Jug"gling*ly, adv.

Jug"gling, n. Jugglery; underhand practice.

Juggs (?), n. pl. See Jougs. [Scot.]

Jug"lan*din (?), n. [L. juglans, -andis, a walnut: cf. F. juglandine.] (Chem.) An extractive matter contained in the juice of the green shucks of the walnut (Juglans regia). It is used medicinally as an alterative, and also as a black hair dye.

Jug"lan*dine (?), n. An alkaloid found in the leaves of the walnut (Juglans regia).

||Jug"lans (?), n. [L., walnut.] (Bot.) A genus of valuable trees, ||including the true walnut of Europe, and the America black walnut, ||and butternut. || Ju"glone (?), n. [L. juglans the walnut + -one.] (Chem.) A yellow crystalline substance resembling quinone, extracted from green shucks of the walnut (Juglans regia); -- called also nucin.