Chapter 47

I`so*spor"ic (?), a. [Iso- + Gr. &?; fruit.] (Bot.) Producing but one kind of spore, as the ferns and Equiseta. Cf. Heterosporic.

I`so*stem"o*nous (?), a. [Iso- + Gr. sth`mwn thread.] (Bot.) Having exactly as many stamens as petals.

I`so*stem"o*ny (?), n. (Bot.) The quality or state of being isostemonous.

I`so*sul`pho*cy"a*nate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of isosulphocyanic acid.

I`so*sul`pho*cy*an"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid, HNCS, isomeric with sulphocyanic acid.

I*soth"er*al (?), a. Having the nature of an isothere; indicating the distribution of temperature by means of an isothere; as, an isotheral chart or line.

I"so*there (?), n. [Iso- + Gr. &?; summer, &?; to heat.] (Phys. Geog.) A line connecting points on the earth's surface having the same mean summer temperature.

I"so*therm (?), n. [Iso- + Gr. &?; heat, fr. &?; hot.] (Phys. Geog.) A line connecting or marking points on the earth's surface having the same temperature. This may be the temperature for a given time of observation, or the mean temperature for a year or other period. Also, a similar line based on the distribution of temperature in the ocean.

I`so*ther"mal (?), a. [Cf. F. isotherme.] (a) Relating to equality of temperature. (b) (Phys. Geog.) Having reference to the geographical distribution of temperature, as exhibited by means of isotherms; as, an isothermal line; an isothermal chart.

Isothermal line. (a) An isotherm. (b) A line drawn on a diagram of energy such that its ordinates represent the pressures of a substance corresponding to various volumes, while the absolute temperature is maintained at a constant value. -- Isothermal zones, spaces on opposite sides of the equator having the same mean temperature, and bounded by corresponding isothermal lines.

I`so*ther"mo*bath (?), n. [Iso- + Gr. &?; hot + &?; depth.] (Phys. Geog) A line drawn through points of equal temperature in a vertical section of the ocean.

I`so*ther`mo*bath"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to an isothermobath; possessing or indicating equal temperatures in a vertical section, as of the ocean.

I*soth`er*om"brose (?), n. [Iso- + Gr. qe`ros summer + 'o`mbros rain.] (Phys. Geog) A line connecting or marking points on the earth's surface, which have the same mean summer rainfall.

I`so*ton"ic (?), a. [Iso- + tonic.] Having or indicating, equal tones, or tension.

Isotonic system (Mus.), a system consisting of intervals, in which each concord is alike tempered, and in which there are twelve equal semitones.

I`so*tri*mor"phic (?), a. Isotrimorphous.

I`so*tri*mor"phism (?), n. [Iso- + Gr. &?; thrice + &?; form.] Isomorphism between the three forms, severally, of two trimorphous substances.

I`so*tri*mor"phous (?), a. Having the quality of isotrimorphism; isotrimorphic.

I`so*trop"ic (?), a. [Iso- + Gr. &?; a turning, fr. &?; to turn.] (Physics) Having the same properties in all directions; specifically, equally elastic in all directions.

I*sot"ro*pism (?), n. Isotropy.

I*sot"ro*pous (?), a. Isotropic.

I*sot"ro*py (?), n. (Physics) Uniformity of physical properties in all directions in a body; absence of all kinds of polarity; specifically, equal elasticity in all directions.

I`so*u"ric (?), a. [Iso- + uric.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, a complex nitrogenous acid, isomeric with uric acid.

Is"ra*el*ite (?), n. [L. Israëlites, Gr. &?;, fr. &?;, &?;, Israel, Heb. Yisr&?;l, i. e., champion of God; srh to fight + &?;l God.] A descendant of Israel, or Jacob; a Hebrew; a Jew.

{ Is`ra*el*it"ic (?), Is"ra*el*i`tish (?), } a. Of or pertaining to Israel, or to the Israelites; Jewish; Hebrew.

Is"su*a*ble (?), a. [From Issue.]

1. Leading to, producing, or relating to, an issue; capable of being made an issue at law. Burrill.

2. Lawful or suitable to be issued; as, a writ issuable on these grounds.

Issuable plea (Law), a plea to the merits, on which the adverse party may take issue and proceed to trial.

Is"su*a*bly (?), adv. In an issuable manner; by way of issue; as, to plead issuably.

Is"su*ance (?), n. The act of issuing, or giving out; as, the issuance of an order; the issuance of rations, and the like.

Is"su*ant (?), a. (Her.) Issuing or coming up; -- a term used to express a charge or bearing rising or coming out of another.

Is"sue (sh"), n. [OF. issue, eissue, F. issue, fr. OF. issir, eissir, to go out, L. exire; ex out of, from + ire to go, akin to Gr. 'ie`nai, Skr. i, Goth. iddja went, used as prefect of gaggan to go. Cf. Ambition, Count a nobleman, Commence, Errant, Exit, Eyre, Initial, Yede went.]

1. The act of passing or flowing out; a moving out from any inclosed place; egress; as, the issue of water from a pipe, of blood from a wound, of air from a bellows, of people from a house.

2. The act of sending out, or causing to go forth; delivery; issuance; as, the issue of an order from a commanding officer; the issue of money from a treasury.

3. That which passes, flows, or is sent out; the whole quantity sent forth or emitted at one time; as, an issue of bank notes; the daily issue of a newspaper.

4. Progeny; a child or children; offspring. In law, sometimes, in a general sense, all persons descended from a common ancestor; all lineal descendants.

If the king Should without issue die.

Shak.

5. Produce of the earth, or profits of land, tenements, or other property; as, A conveyed to B all his right for a term of years, with all the issues, rents, and profits.

6. A discharge of flux, as of blood. Matt. ix. 20.

7. (Med.) An artificial ulcer, usually made in the fleshy part of the arm or leg, to produce the secretion and discharge of pus for the relief of some affected part.

8. The final outcome or result; upshot; conclusion; event; hence, contest; test; trial.

Come forth to view The issue of the exploit.

Shak.

While it is hot, I 'll put it to the issue.

Shak.

9. A point in debate or controversy on which the parties take affirmative and negative positions; a presentation of alternatives between which to choose or decide.

10. (Law) In pleading, a single material point of law or fact depending in the suit, which, being affirmed on the one side and denied on the other, is presented for determination. See General issue, under General, and Feigned issue, under Feigned. Blount. Cowell.

At issue, in controversy; disputed; opposing or contesting; hence, at variance; disagreeing; inconsistent.

As much at issue with the summer day As if you brought a candle out of doors.

Mrs. Browning.

-- Bank of issue, Collateral issue, etc. See under Bank, Collateral, etc. -- Issue pea, a pea, or a similar round body, used to maintain irritation in a wound, and promote the secretion and discharge of pus. -- To join, or take, issue, to take opposing sides in a matter in controversy.

Is"sue, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Issued (sh"d); p. pr. & vb. n. Issuing.]

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1. To pass or flow out; to run out, as from any inclosed place.

From it issued forced drops of blood.

Shak.

2. To go out; to rush out; to sally forth; as, troops issued from the town, and attacked the besiegers.

3. To proceed, as from a source; as, water issues from springs; light issues from the sun.

4. To proceed, as progeny; to be derived; to be descended; to spring.

Of thy sons that shall issue from thee.

2 Kings xx. 18.

5. To extend; to pass or open; as, the path issues into the highway.

6. To be produced as an effect or result; to grow or accrue; to arise; to proceed; as, rents and profits issuing from land, tenements, or a capital stock.

7. To close; to end; to terminate; to turn out; as, we know not how the cause will issue.

8. (Law) In pleading, to come to a point in fact or law, on which the parties join issue.

Is"sue (sh"), v. t. 1. To send out; to put into circulation; as, to issue notes from a bank.

2. To deliver for use; as, to issue provisions.

3. To send out officially; to deliver by authority; as, to issue an order; to issue a writ.

Is"sue*less, a. Having no issue or progeny; childless. "The heavens . . . have left me issueless." Shak.

Is"su*er (?), n. One who issues, emits, or publishes.

-ist (?). [Gr. &?;: cf. F. -iste.] A noun suffix denoting an agent, or doer, one who practices, a believer in; as, theorist, one who theorizes; socialist, one who holds to socialism; sensualist, one given to sensuality.

Is't (?). A contraction of is it.

Isth"mi*an (?), a. [L. Isthmius, Gr. &?;. See Isthmus.] Of or pertaining to an isthmus, especially to the Isthmus of Corinth, in Greece.

Isthmian games (Gr. Antiq.), one of the four great national festivals of Greece, celebrated on the Isthmus of Corinth in the spring of every alternate year. They consisted of all kinds of athletic sports, wrestling, boxing, racing on foot and in chariots, and also contests in music and poetry. The prize was a garland of pine leaves.

Isth"mus (?; 277), n.; pl. Isthmuses (#). [L. isthmus, Gr. 'isqmo`s a neck, a neck of land between two seas, an isthmus, especially the Isthmus of Corinth; prob. from the root of 'ie`nai to go; cf. Icel. eið isthmus. See Issue.] (Geog.) A neck or narrow slip of land by which two continents are connected, or by which a peninsula is united to the mainland; as, the Isthmus of Panama; the Isthmus of Suez, etc.

Isthmus of the fauces. (Anat.) See Fauces.

Is"tle (?), n. Same as Ixtle.

I*su"ret (?), n. [Iso- + urea.] (Chem.) An artificial nitrogenous base, isomeric with urea, and forming a white crystalline substance; -- called also isuretine.

It (t), pron. [OE. it, hit, AS. hit; cf. D. het. &radic;181. See He.] The neuter pronoun of the third person, corresponding to the masculine pronoun he and the feminine she, and having the same plural (they, their or theirs, them).

The possessive form its is modern, being rarely found in the writings of Shakespeare and Milton, and not at all in the original King James's version of the Bible. During the transition from the regular his to the anomalous its, it was to some extent employed in the possessive without the case ending. See His, and He. In Dryden's time its had become quite established as the regular form.

The day present hath ever inough to do with it owne grief.

Genevan Test.

Do, child, go to it grandam, child.

Shak.

It knighthood shall do worse. It shall fright all it friends with borrowing letters.

B. Jonson.

In the course of time, the nature of the neuter sign t in it, the form being found in but a few words, became misunderstood. Instead of being looked upon as an affix, it passed for part of the original word. Hence was formed from it the anomalous genitive its, superseding the Saxon his. Latham.

The fruit tree yielding fruit after his (its) kind.

Gen. i. 11.

It is used,

1. As a substance for any noun of the neuter gender; as, here is the book, take it home.

2. As a demonstrative, especially at the beginning of a sentence, pointing to that which is about to be stated, named, or mentioned, or referring to that which apparent or well known; as, I saw it was John.

It is I; be not afraid.

Matt. xiv. 27.

Peter heard that it was the Lord.

John xxi. 7.

Often, in such cases, as a substitute for a sentence or clause; as, it is thought he will come; it is wrong to do this.

3. As an indefinite nominative for a impersonal verb; as, it snows; it rains.

4. As a substitute for such general terms as, the state of affairs, the condition of things, and the like; as, how is it with the sick man?

Think on me when it shall be well with thee.

Gen. xl. 14.

5. As an indefinite object after some intransitive verbs, or after a substantive used humorously as a verb; as, to foot it (i. e., to walk).

The Lacedemonians, at the Straits of Thermopylæ, when their arms failed them, fought it out with nails and teeth.

Dryden.

Whether the charmer sinner it, or saint it, If folly grows romantic, I must paint it.

Pope.

Its self. See Itself.

I"ta*cism (?), n. [Cf. F. itacisme. See Etacism, and cf. Iotacism.] (Greek Gram.) Pronunciation of &eta; (eta) as the modern Greeks pronounce it, that is, like e in the English word be. This was the pronunciation advocated by Reuchlin and his followers, in opposition to the etacism of Erasmus. See Etacism.

In all such questions between &epsilon; and &alpha;&iota; the confusing element of itacism comes in.

Alford.

I"ta*cist (?), n. [Cf. F. itaciste.] One who is in favor of itacism.

It`a*col"u*mite (?), n. [From Itacolumi, a mountain of Brazil.] (Min.) A laminated, granular, siliceous rocks, often occurring in regions where the diamond is found.

It`a*con"ic (?), a. [From aconitic, by transposition of the letters.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid, C5H6O4, which is obtained as a white crystalline substance by decomposing aconitic and other organic acids.

It"a*la (?), n. [Fem. of L. Italus Italian.] An early Latin version of the Scriptures (the Old Testament was translated from the Septuagint, and was also called the Italic version).

I*tal"ian (?), a. [Cf. F. italien, It. italiano. Cf. Italic.] Of or pertaining to Italy, or to its people or language.

Italian cloth a light material of cotton and worsted; -- called also farmer's satin. -- Italian iron, a heater for fluting frills. -- Italian juice, Calabrian liquorice.

I*tal"ian, n. 1. A native or inhabitant of Italy.

2. The language used in Italy, or by the Italians.

I*tal"ian*ate (?), v. t. [Cf. It. italianare.] To render Italian, or conformable to Italian customs; to Italianize. [R.] Ascham.

I*tal"ian*ate (?), a. Italianized; Italianated. "Apish, childish, and Italianate." Marlowe.

I*tal"ian*ism (?), n. 1. A word, phrase, or idiom, peculiar to the Italians; an Italicism.

2. Attachment to, or sympathy for, Italy.

I*tal"ian*ize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Italianized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Italianizing (?).] [Cf. F. italianiser, It. italianizzare.]

1. To play the Italian; to speak Italian. Cotgrave.

2. To render Italian in any respect; to Italianate. "An Englishman Italianized." Lowell.

I*tal"ic (?), a. [L. Italicus: cf. F. italique. Cf. Italian.]

1. Relating to Italy or to its people.

2. Applied especially to a kind of type in which the letters do not stand upright, but slope toward the right; - - so called because dedicated to the States of Italy by the inventor, Aldus Manutius, about the year 1500.

Italic languages, the group or family of languages of ancient Italy. -- Italic order (Arch.), the composite order. See Composite. - - Italic school, a term given to the Pythagorean and Eleatic philosophers, from the country where their doctrines were first promulgated. -- Italic version. See Itala.

I*tal"ic, n.; pl. Italics (&?;). (Print.) An Italic letter, character, or type (see Italic, a., 2.); -- often in the plural; as, the Italics are the author's. Italic letters are used to distinguish words for emphasis, importance, antithesis, etc. Also, collectively, Italic letters.

I*tal"i*cism (?), n. 1. A phrase or idiom peculiar to the Italian language; to Italianism.

2. The use of Italics.

I*tal"i*cize (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Italicized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Italicizing (?).] To print in Italic characters; to underline written letters or words with a single line; as, to Italicize a word; Italicizes too much.

I"ta palm` (?). (Bot.) A magnificent species of palm (Mauritia flexuosa), growing near the Orinoco. The natives eat its fruit and buds, drink its sap, and make thread and cord from its fiber.

Itch (ch), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Itched (cht); p. pr. & vb. n. Itching.] [OE. icchen, icchen, AS. giccan; akin to D. jeuken, joken, G. jucken, OHG. jucchen.]

1. To have an uneasy sensation in the skin, which inclines the person to scratch the part affected.

My mouth hath itched all this long day.

Chaucer.

2. To have a constant desire or teasing uneasiness; to long for; as, itching ears. "An itching palm." Shak.

Itch, n. 1. (Med.) An eruption of small, isolated, acuminated vesicles, produced by the entrance of a parasitic mite (the Sarcoptes scabei), and attended with itching. It is transmissible by contact.

2. Any itching eruption.

3. A sensation in the skin occasioned (or resembling that occasioned) by the itch eruption; -- called also scabies, psora, etc.

4. A constant irritating desire.

An itch of being thought a divine king.

Dryden.

Baker's itch. See under Baker. - - Barber's itch, sycosis. -- Bricklayer's itch, an eczema of the hands attended with much itching, occurring among bricklayers. -- Grocer's itch, an itching eruption, being a variety of eczema, produced by the sugar mite (Tyrogluphus sacchari). -- Itch insect (Zoöl.), a small parasitic mite (Sarcoptes scabei) which burrows and breeds beneath the human skin, thus causing the disease known as the itch. See Illust. in Append. -- Itch mite. (Zoöl.) Same as Itch insect, above. Also, other similar mites affecting the lower animals, as the horse and ox. -- Sugar baker's itch, a variety of eczema, due to the action of sugar upon the skin. -- Washerwoman's itch, eczema of the hands and arms, occurring among washerwomen.

Itch"i*ness (?), n. The state of being itchy.

Itch"less, a. Free from itching.

Itch"y (?), a. Infected with the itch, or with an itching sensation. Cowper.

-ite (?). [From Gr. &?;, &?;.] 1. A suffix denoting one of a party, a sympathizer with or adherent of, and the like, and frequently used in ridicule; as, a Millerite; a Benthamite.

2. A suffix used in naming minerals; as, chlorite, from its characteristic green color; barite, from its heaviness; graphite, from its use in writing.

3. (Chem.) A suffix used to denote the salts formed from those acids whose names end in -ous; as, sulphite, from sulphurous; nitrite, from nitrous acid, etc.

I"tem (?), adv. [L. See Iterate.] Also; as an additional article.

I"tem (?), n. [From Item, adv.]

1. An article; a separate particular in an account; as, the items in a bill.

2. A hint; an innuendo. [Obs.]

A secret item was given to some of the bishops . . . to absent themselves.

Fuller.

3. A short article in a newspaper; a paragraph; as, an item concerning the weather.

I"tem, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Itemed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Iteming.] To make a note or memorandum of.

I have itemed it in my memory.

Addison.

I"tem*ize (?), v. t. To state in items, or by particulars; as, to itemize the cost of a railroad. [Local, U. S.]

||I"ter (?), n. [L. See Eyre.] (Anat.) A passage; esp., the passage ||between the third and fourth ventricles in the brain; the aqueduct of ||Sylvius. || It"er*a*ble (?), a. [L. iterabilis. See Iterate.] Capable of being iterated or repeated. [Obs.]

It"er*ance (?), n. Iteration. [Obs.]

It"er*ant (?), a. [L. iterans, p. pr. of iterare.] Repeating; iterating; as, an iterant echo. Bacon.

It"er*ate (?), a. [L. iteratus, p. p. of iterare to repeat, fr. iterum again, prop. a compar. from the stem of is he, that; cf. L. ita so, item likewise, also, Skr. itara other, iti thus. Cf. Identity, Item.] Uttered or done again; repeated. [Obs.] Bp. Gardiner.

It"er*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Iterated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Iterating.] To utter or do a second time or many times; to repeat; as, to iterate advice.

Nor Eve to iterate Her former trespass feared.

Milton.

It"er*ate (?), adv. By way of iteration.

It`er*a"tion (?), n. [L. iteratio.] Recital or performance a second time; repetition. Bacon.

What needs this iteration, woman?

Shak.

It"er*a*tive (?), a. [L. iterativus: cf. F. itératif.] Repeating. Cotgrave. -- It"er*a*tive*ly, adv.

Ith`y*phal"lic (?), a. [L. ithyphallicus, fr. ithyphallus, Gr. &?;, membrum virile erectum, or a figure thereof carried in the festivals of Bacchus.] Lustful; lewd; salacious; indecent; obscene.

I*tin"er*a*cy (?), n. The act or practice of itinerating; itinerancy.

I*tin"er*an*cy (?), n. [See Itinerant.]

1. A passing from place to place. Dr. H. More.

2. A discharge of official duty involving frequent change of residence; the custom or practice of discharging official duty in this way; also, a body of persons who thus discharge official duty.

I*tin"er*ant (?), a. [LL. itinerans, -antis, p. pr. of itinerare to make a journey, fr. L. iter, itineris, a walk, way, journey. See Errant, Issue.] Passing or traveling about a country; going or preaching on a circuit; wandering; not settled; as, an itinerant preacher; an itinerant peddler.

The king's own courts were then itinerant, being kept in the king's palace, and removing with his household in those royal progresses which he continually made.

Blackstone.

I*tin"er*ant, a. One who travels from place to place, particularly a preacher; one who is unsettled.

Glad to turn itinerant, To stroll and teach from town to town.

Hudibras.

I*tin"er*ant*ly, adv. In an itinerant manner.

I*tin"er*a*ry (?), a. [L. itinerarius: cf. F. itinéraire. See Itinerant.] Itinerant; traveling; passing from place to place; done on a journey.

It was rather an itinerary circuit of justice than a progress.

Bacon.

I*tin"er*a*ry, n.; pl. Itineraries (#). [L. itinerarium: cf. F. itinéraire. See Itinerary, a.] An account of travels, or a register of places and distances as a guide to travelers; as, the Itinerary of Antoninus.

I*tin"er*ate (?). v. i. [imp. & p. p. Itinerated (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Itinerating (#).] [LL. itineratus, p. p. of itinerari, itinerare. See Itinerant.] To wander without a settled habitation; to travel from place or on a circuit, particularly for the purpose of preaching, lecturing, etc.

-i"tis (?), [Gr. &?;, orig, fem. adjective suffix.] A suffix used in medical terms to denote an inflammatory disease of; as, arthritis; bronchitis, phrenitis.

Its (?). Possessive form of the pronoun it. See It.

It*self" (?), pron. The neuter reciprocal pronoun of It; as, the thing is good in itself; it stands by itself.

Borrowing of foreigners, in itself, makes not the kingdom rich or poor.

Locke.

It"tri*a (?), n. [NL.] See Yttria.

It"tri*um (?), n. [NL.] See Yttrium.

It"zi*bu (?), n. [Jap. ichibu.] (Numis.) A silver coin of Japan, worth about thirty-four cents. [Written also itzebu, ichebu, itcheboo, etc.]

I*u"li*dan (?), n. [See Iulus.] (Zoöl.) One of the Iulidæ, a family of myriapods, of which the genus Iulus is the type. See Iulus.

||I*u"lus (?), n. [L., down, Gr. &?; down, centipede.] (Zoöl.) A genus ||of chilognathous myriapods. The body is long and round, consisting of ||numerous smooth, equal segments, each of which bears two pairs of ||short legs. It includes the galleyworms. See Chilognatha. || I*van" I*van"o*vitch (?). An ideal personification of the typical Russian or of the Russian people; -- used as "John Bull" is used for the typical Englishman.

I've (?). Colloquial contraction of I have.

-ive (?). [L. -ivus.] An adjective suffix signifying relating or belonging to, of the nature of, tending to; as affirmative, active, conclusive, corrective, diminutive.

I"vied (?), a. [From Ivy.] Overgrown with ivy.

I"vo*ride (?), n. A composition resembling ivory in appearance and used as a substitute for it.

I"vo*ry ("v*r), n.; pl. Ivories (#). [OE. ivori, F. ivoire, fr. L. eboreus made of ivory, fr. ebur, eboris, ivory, cf. Skr. ibha elephant. Cf. Eburnean.]

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1. The hard, white, opaque, fine-grained substance constituting the tusks of the elephant. It is a variety of dentine, characterized by the minuteness and close arrangement of the tubes, as also by their double flexure. It is used in manufacturing articles of ornament or utility.

Ivory is the name commercially given not only to the substance constituting the tusks of the elephant, but also to that of the tusks of the hippopotamus and walrus, the hornlike tusk of the narwhal, etc.

2. The tusks themselves of the elephant, etc.

3. Any carving executed in ivory. Mollett.

4. pl. Teeth; as, to show one's ivories. [Slang]