Chapter 41

In`tro*pres"sion (?), n. Pressure acting within. [R.]

In`tro*re*cep"tion (?), n. The act of admitting into or within. Hammond.

In*trorse" (?), a. [L. introrsus inward, contr. from introversus. See Introvert.] (Bot.) Turning or facing inward, or toward the axis of the part to which it belongs. Gray.

In`tro*spect" (?), v. t. [L. introspectus, p. p. introspicere to look into; intro within + specere to look. See Spy.] To look into or within; to view the inside of. Bailey.

In`tro*spec"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. introspection.] A view of the inside or interior; a looking inward; specifically, the act or process of self-examination, or inspection of one's own thoughts and feelings; the cognition which the mind has of its own acts and states; self-consciousness; reflection.

I was forced to make an introspection into my own mind.

Dryden.

In`tro*spec"tion*ist, n. (Metaph.) One given to the introspective method of examining the phenomena of the soul.

In`tro*spec"tive (?), a. [Cf. F. introspectif.]

1. Inspecting within; seeing inwardly; capable of, or exercising, inspection; self-conscious.

2. Involving the act or results of conscious knowledge of physical phenomena; -- contrasted with associational. J. S. Mill.

In`tro*sume" (?), v. t. [Pref. intro- + L. sumere to take.] To draw in; to swallow. [Obs.] Evelyn.

In`tro*sus*cep"tion (?), n. 1. The act or process of receiving within.

The person is corrupted by the introsusception of a nature which becomes evil thereby.

Coleridge.

2. (Med.) Same as Intussusception.

In`tro*ven"ient (?), a. [L. introveniens, p. pr. of introvenire to come in; intro within + venire to come.] Coming in together; entering; commingling. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

In`tro*ver"sion (?), n. [See Introvert.] The act of introverting, or the state of being introverted; the act of turning the mind inward. Berkeley.

In`tro*vert" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Introverted; p. pr. & vb. n. Introverting.] [Pref. intro- + L. vertere, versum, to turn.]

1. To turn or bend inward. "Introverted toes." Cowper.

2. To look within; to introspect. Lew Wallace.

In*trude" (?), v. i. [L. intrudere, intrusum; pref. in- in + trudere to thrust, akin to E. threat. See Threat.] To thrust one's self in; to come or go in without invitation, permission, or welcome; to encroach; to trespass; as, to intrude on families at unseasonable hours; to intrude on the lands of another.

Thy wit wants edge And manners, to intrude where I am graced.

Shak.

Some thoughts rise and intrude upon us, while we shun them; others fly from us, when we would hold them.

I. Watts.

In*trude", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Intruded; p. pr. & vb. n. Intruding.]

1. To thrust or force (something) in or upon; especially, to force (one's self) in without leave or welcome; as, to intrude one's presence into a conference; to intrude one's opinions upon another.

2. To enter by force; to invade. [Obs.]

Why should the worm intrude the maiden bud?

Shak.

3. (Geol.) The cause to enter or force a way, as into the crevices of rocks.

Syn. -- To obtrude; encroach; infringe; intrench; trespass. See Obtrude.

In*trud"ed (?), p. a. (Geol.) Same as Intrusive.

In*trud"er (?), n. One who intrudes; one who thrusts himself in, or enters without right, or without leave or welcome; a trespasser.

They were all strangers and intruders.

Locke.

In*trud"ress (?), n. A female intruder.

In*trunk" (?), v. t. To inclose as in a trunk; to incase. [R.] Ford.

In*tru"sion (?), n. [Cf. F. intrusion. See Intrude.]

1. The act of intruding, or of forcing in; especially, the forcing (one's self) into a place without right or welcome; encroachment.

Why this intrusion? Were not my orders that I should be private?

Addison.

2. (Geol.) The penetrating of one rock, while in a plastic or metal state, into the cavities of another.

3. (Law) The entry of a stranger, after a particular estate or freehold is determined, before the person who holds in remainder or reversion has taken possession.

4. (Scotch Ch.) The settlement of a minister over a congregation without their consent.

In*tru"sion*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to intrusion.

In*tru"sion*ist, n. One who intrudes; especially, one who favors the appointment of a clergyman to a parish, by a patron, against the wishes of the parishioners.

In*tru"sive (?), a. Apt to intrude; characterized by intrusion; entering without right or welcome.

Intrusive rocks (Geol.), rocks which have been forced, while in a plastic or melted state, into the cavities or between the cracks or layers of other rocks. The term is sometimes used as equivalent to plutonic rocks. It is then contrasted with effusive or volcanic rocks.

-- In*tru"sive*ly, adv. -- In*tru"sive*ness, n.

In*trust" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Intrusted, p. pr. & vb. n. Intrusting.] To deliver (something) to another in trust; to deliver to (another) something in trust; to commit or surrender (something) to another with a certain confidence regarding his care, use, or disposal of it; as, to intrust a servant with one's money or intrust money or goods to a servant.

Syn. -- To commit; consign; confide. See Commit.

In`tu*ba"tion (?), n. [Pref. in- in + tube.] (Med.) The introduction of a tube into an organ to keep it open, as into the larynx in croup.

In`tu*i"tion (?), n. [L. intuitus, p. p. of intueri to look on; in- in, on + tueri: cf. F. intuition. See Tuition.]

1. A looking after; a regard to. [Obs.]

What, no reflection on a reward! He might have an intuition at it, as the encouragement, though not the cause, of his pains.

Fuller.

2. Direct apprehension or cognition; immediate knowledge, as in perception or consciousness; -- distinguished from "mediate" knowledge, as in reasoning; as, the mind knows by intuition that black is not white, that a circle is not a square, that three are more than two, etc.; quick or ready insight or apprehension.

Sagacity and a nameless something more, -- let us call it intuition.

Hawthorne.

3. Any object or truth discerned by direct cognition; especially, a first or primary truth.

In`tu*i"tion*al (?), a. Pertaining to, or derived from, intuition; characterized by intuition; perceived by intuition; intuitive.

In`tu*i"tion*al*ism (?), n. (Metaph.) The doctrine that the perception or recognition of primary truth is intuitive, or direct and immediate; -- opposed to sensationalism, and experientialism.

In`tu*i"tion*al*ist, n. One who holds the doctrine of intuitionalism.

In`tu*i"tion*ism (?), n. Same as Intuitionalism.

In`tu*i"tion*ist, n. Same as Intuitionalist. Bain.

In*tu"i*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. intuitif.]

1. Seeing clearly; as, an intuitive view; intuitive vision.

2. Knowing, or perceiving, by intuition; capable of knowing without deduction or reasoning.

Whence the soul Reason receives, and reason is her being, Discursive, or intuitive.

Milton.

3. Received, reached, obtained, or perceived, by intuition; as, intuitive judgment or knowledge; -- opposed to deductive. Locke.

In*tu"i*tive*ly, adv. In an intuitive manner.

In*tu"i*tiv*ism (?), n. The doctrine that the ideas of right and wrong are intuitive. J. Grote.

In`tu*mesce" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Intumesced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Intumescing (?).] [L. intumescere; pref. in- in + tumescere to swell up, incho. fr. tumere to swell. See Tumid.] To enlarge or expand with heat; to swell; specifically, to swell up or bubble up under the action of heat, as before the blowpipe.

In a higher heat, it intumesces, and melts into a yellowish black mass.

Kirwan.

In`tu*mes"cence (?), n. [Cf. F. intumescence.]

1. The act or process of swelling or enlarging; also, the state of being swollen; expansion; tumidity; especially, the swelling up of bodies under the action of heat.

The intumescence of nations.

Johnson.

2. Anything swollen or enlarged, as a tumor.

In`tu*mes"cent (?), a. [L. intumescens, p. pr.] Swelling up; expanding.

In*tu"mu*la`ted (?), a. [L. intumulatus. See In- not, and Tumulate.] Unburied. [Obs.]

In*tune" (?), v. t. To intone. Cf. Entune.

In*tur"bid*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inturbidated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inturbidating.] [Pref. in- in + turbid.] To render turbid; to darken; to confuse. [R.]

The confusion of ideas and conceptions under the same term painfully inturbidates his theology.

Coleridge.

In`tur*ges"cence (?), n. [L. inturgescens, p. pr. of inturgescere to swell up. See 1st In-, and Turgescent.] A swelling; the act of swelling, or state of being swelled. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

<! p. 784 !>

In"tuse (?), n. [L. intundere to bruise; pref. in- in + tundere, tusum, to beat, bruise.] A bruise; a contusion. [Obs.] Spenser.

In`tus*sus*cep"ted (?), a. [See Intussusception.] Received into some other thing or part, as a sword into a sheath; invaginated.

In`tus*sus*cep"tion (?), n. [L. intus within + susception. Cf. Introsusception.]

1. The reception of one part within another.

2. (Med.) The abnormal reception or slipping of a part of a tube, by inversion and descent, within a contiguous part of it; specifically, the reception or slipping of the upper part of the small intestine into the lower; introsusception; invagination. Dunglison.

3. (Bot.) The interposition of new particles of formative material among those already existing, as in a cell wall, or in a starch grain.

4. (Physiol.) The act of taking foreign matter, as food, into a living body; the process of nutrition, by which dead matter is absorbed by the living organism, and ultimately converted into the organized substance of its various tissues and organs.

Dead bodies increase by apposition; living bodies by intussusception.

McKendrick.

In*twine" (?), v. t. [Cf. Entwine.] To twine or twist into, or together; to wreathe; as, a wreath of flowers intwined. [Written also entwine.]

In*twine", v. i. To be or to become intwined.

In*twine"ment (?), n. The act of intwining, or the state of being intwined.

In*twist" (?), v. t. [Cf. Entwist.] To twist into or together; to interweave. [Written also entwist.]

In`u*en"do (?), n. See Innuendo.

In"u*lin (?), n. [From NL. Inula Helenium, the elecampane: cf. F. inuline.] (Chem.) A substance of very wide occurrence. It is found dissolved in the sap of the roots and rhizomes of many composite and other plants, as Inula, Helianthus, Campanula, etc., and is extracted by solution as a tasteless, white, semicrystalline substance, resembling starch, with which it is isomeric. It is intermediate in nature between starch and sugar. Called also dahlin, helenin, alantin, etc.

In"u*loid (?), n. [Inulin + - oid.] (Chem.) A substance resembling inulin, found in the unripe bulbs of the dahlia.

In*um"brate (?), v. t. [L. inumbratus, p. p. of inumbrare to shade.] To shade; to darken. [Obs.]

In*unc"ted (?), a. [See Inunction.] Anointed. [Obs.] Cockeram.

In*unc"tion (?), n. [L. inunctio, fr. inungere, inunctum, to anoint. See 1st In-, and Unction.] The act of anointing, or the state of being anointed; unction; specifically (Med.), the rubbing of ointments into the pores of the skin, by which medicinal agents contained in them, such as mercury, iodide of potash, etc., are absorbed.

In*unc`tu*os"i*ty (?; 135), n. The want of unctuosity; freedom from greasiness or oiliness; as, the inunctuosity of porcelain clay. Kirwan.

In*un"dant (?), a. [L. inundans, p. pr. of inundare.] Overflowing. [R.] Shenstone.

In*un"date (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inundated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inundating.] [L. inundatus, p. p. of inundare to inundate; pref. in- in + undare to rise in waves, to overflow, fr. unda a wave. See Undulate.]

1. To cover with a flood; to overflow; to deluge; to flood; as, the river inundated the town.

2. To fill with an overflowing abundance or superfluity; as, the country was inundated with bills of credit.

Syn. -- To overflow; deluge; flood; overwhelm; submerge; drown.

In`un*da"tion (?), n. [L. inundatio: cf. F. inondation.]

1. The act of inundating, or the state of being inundated; an overflow; a flood; a rising and spreading of water over grounds.

With inundation wide the deluge reigns, Drowns the deep valleys, and o'erspreads the plains.

Wilkie.

2. An overspreading of any kind; overflowing or superfluous abundance; a flood; a great influx; as, an inundation of tourists.

To stop the inundation of her tears.

Shak.

In*un`der*stand"ing (?), a. Void of understanding. [Obs.] Bp. Pearson.

In`ur*bane" (?), a. [L. inurbanus. See In- not, and Urbane.] Uncivil; unpolished; rude. M. Arnold. -- In`ur*bane"ly, adv. -- In`ur*bane"ness, n.

In`ur*ban"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. inurbanité.] Want of urbanity or courtesy; unpolished manners or deportment; inurbaneness; rudeness. Bp. Hall.

In*ure" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inured (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inuring.] [From pref. in- in + ure use, work. See Ure use, practice, Opera, and cf. Manure.] To apply in use; to train; to discipline; to use or accustom till use gives little or no pain or inconvenience; to harden; to habituate; to practice habitually. "To inure our prompt obedience." Milton.

He . . . did inure them to speak little.

Sir T. North.

Inured and exercised in learning.

Robynson (More's Utopia).

The poor, inured to drudgery and distress.

Cowper.

In*ure", v. i. To pass into use; to take or have effect; to be applied; to serve to the use or benefit of; as, a gift of lands inures to the heirs. [Written also enure.]

In*ure"ment (?), n. Use; practice; discipline; habit; custom.

In*urn" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inurned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inurning.] To put in an urn, as the ashes of the dead; hence, to bury; to intomb.

The sepulcher Wherein we saw thee quietly inurned.

Shak.

In*u"si*tate (?), a. [L. inusitatus unusual. See Use.] Unusual. [R.] Bramhall.

In*u"si*ta"tion (?), n. Want of use; disuse. [R.] Paley.

In*ust" (?), a. [L. inurere, inustum, to burn in; pref. in- in + urere to burn.] Burnt in. [Obs.]

In*us"tion (?), n. The act of burning or branding. [Obs.] T. Adams.

In*u"tile (?), a. [L. inutilis: cf. F. inutile. See In- not, Utile.] Useless; unprofitable. [Obs.] Bacon.

In`u*til"i*ty (?), n. [L. inutilitas: cf. F. inutilité.] Uselessness; the quality of being unprofitable; unprofitableness; as, the inutility of vain speculations and visionary projects.

In*ut"ter*a*ble (?), a. Unutterable; inexpressible. Milton.

||In` vac"u*o (?). [L.] (Physics) In a vacuum; in empty space; as, ||experiments in vacuo. || In*vade" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Invaded; p. pr. & vb. n. Invading.] [L. invadere, invasum; pref. in- in + vadere to go, akin to E. wade: cf. OF. invader, F. envahir. See Wade.]

1. To go into or upon; to pass within the confines of; to enter; -- used of forcible or rude ingress. [Obs.]

Which becomes a body, and doth then invade The state of life, out of the grisly shade.

Spenser.

2. To enter with hostile intentions; to enter with a view to conquest or plunder; to make an irruption into; to attack; as, the Romans invaded Great Britain.

Such an enemy Is risen to invade us.

Milton.

3. To attack; to infringe; to encroach on; to violate; as, the king invaded the rights of the people.

4. To grow or spread over; to affect injuriously and progressively; as, gangrene invades healthy tissue.

Syn. -- To attack; assail; encroach upon. See Attack.

In*vade", v. i. To make an invasion. Brougham.

In*vad"er (?), n. One who invades; an assailant; an encroacher; an intruder.

In*vag"i*nate (?), v. t. To insert as in a sheath; to produce intussusception in.

{ In*vag"i*nate (?), In*vag"i*na`ted (?), } a. (Biol.) (a) Sheathed. (b) Having one portion of a hollow organ drawn back within another portion.

In*vag`i*na"tion (?), n. [L. pref. in- + vagina sheath.]

1. (Biol.) The condition of an invaginated organ or part.

2. (Biol.) One of the methods by which the various germinal layers of the ovum are differentiated.

In embolic invagination, one half of the blastosphere is pushed in towards the other half, producing an embryonic form known as a gastrula. -- In epibolic invagination, a phenomenon in the development of some invertebrate ova, the epiblast appears to grow over or around the hypoblast.

In`va*les"cence (?), n. [L. invalescens, p. pr. of invalescere to become strong. See 1st In-, and Convalesce.] Strength; health. [Obs.]

In*val`e*tu"di*na*ry (?), a. Wanting health; valetudinary. [R.]

In*val"id (?), a. [Pref. in- not + valid: cf. F. invalide, L. invalidus infirm, weak. Cf. Invalid infirm.]

1. Of no force, weight, or cogency; not valid; weak.

2. (Law) Having no force, effect, or efficacy; void; null; as, an invalid contract or agreement.

In"va*lid (?; 277), n. [F. invalide, n. & a., L. invalidus, a. See Invalid null.] A person who is weak and infirm; one who is disabled for active service; especially, one in chronic ill health.

In"va*lid (?), a. [See Invalid, n.] Not well; feeble; infirm; sickly; as, he had an invalid daughter.

In"va*lid, v. t. 1. To make or render invalid or infirm. "Invalided, bent, and almost blind." Dickens.

2. To classify or enroll as an invalid.

Peace coming, he was invalided on half pay.

Carlyle.

In*val"i*date (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Invalidated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Invalidating.] [From Invalid null.] To render invalid; to weaken or lessen the force of; to destroy the authority of; to render of no force or effect; to overthrow; as, to invalidate an agreement or argument.

In*val`i*da"tion (?), n. The act of inavlidating, or the state of being invalidated.

So many invalidations of their right.

Burke.

||In`va*lide" (?), n. [F.] See Invalid, n. || In"va*lid*ism (?), n. The condition of an invalid; sickness; infirmity.

In`va*lid"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. invalidité, LL. invaliditas want of health.]

1. Want of validity or cogency; want of legal force or efficacy; invalidness; as, the invalidity of an agreement or of a will.

2. Want of health; infirmity. [Obs.] Sir W. Temple.

In*val"id*ness (?), n. Invalidity; as, the invalidness of reasoning.

In*val"or*ous (?), a. Not valorous; cowardly.

In*val"u*a*ble (?), a. Valuable beyond estimation; inestimable; priceless; precious.

In*val"u*a*bly, adv. Inestimably. Bp. Hall.

In*val"ued (?), a. Inestimable. [R.] Drayton.

In*va`ri*a*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. invariabilité.] The quality of being invariable; invariableness; constancy; uniformity.

In*va"ri*a*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + variable: cf. F. invariable.] Not given to variation or change; unalterable; unchangeable; always uniform.

Physical laws which are invariable.

I. Taylor.

-- In*va"ri*a*ble*ness, n. -- In*va"ri*a*bly, adv.

In*va"ri*a*ble (?), n. (Math.) An invariable quantity; a constant.

In*va"ri*ance (?), n. (Math.) The property of remaining invariable under prescribed or implied conditions. J. J. Sylvester.

In*va"ri*ant (?), n. (Math.) An invariable quantity; specifically, a function of the coefficients of one or more forms, which remains unaltered, when these undergo suitable linear transformations. J. J. Sylvester.

In*va"sion (?), n. [L. invasio: cf. F. invasion. See Invade.]

1. The act of invading; the act of encroaching upon the rights or possessions of another; encroachment; trespass.

2. A warlike or hostile entrance into the possessions or domains of another; the incursion of an army for conquest or plunder.

3. The incoming or first attack of anything hurtful or pernicious; as, the invasion of a disease.

Syn. -- Invasion, Irruption, Inroad. Invasion is the generic term, denoting a forcible entrance into a foreign country. Incursion signifies a hasty and sudden invasion. Irruption denotes particularly violent invasion. Inroad is entry by some unusual way involving trespass and injury.

In*va"sive (?), a. [LL. invasivus: cf. F. invasif. See Invade.] Tending to invade; characterized by invasion; aggressive. "Invasive war." Hoole.

In*vect" (?), v. i. To inveigh. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

In*vec"ted (?), a. [L. invectus carried in. See Inveigh.] (Her.) Having a border or outline composed of semicircles with the convexity outward; -- the opposite of engrailed.

In*vec"tion (?), n. [L. invectio. See Inveigh.] An inveighing against; invective. [Obs.] Fulke.

In*vec"tive (?), a. [L. invectivus: cf. F. invectif. See Inveigh.] Characterized by invection; critical; denunciatory; satirical; abusive; railing.

In*vec"tive, n. [F. invective.] An expression which inveighs or rails against a person; a severe or violent censure or reproach; something uttered or written, intended to cast opprobrium, censure, or reproach on another; a harsh or reproachful accusation; -- followed by against, having reference to the person or thing affected; as, an invective against tyranny.

The world will be able to judge of his [Junius'] motives for writing such famous invectives.

Sir W. Draper.

Syn. -- Abuse; censure; reproach; satire; sarcasm; railing; diatribe. See Abuse.

In*vec"tive*ly, adv. In an invective manner. Shak.

In*veigh" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Inveighed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inveighing.] [L. invehere, invectum, to carry or bring into or against, to attack with words, to inveigh; pref. in- in + vehere to carry. See Vehicle, and cf. Invective.] To declaim or rail (against some person or thing); to utter censorious and bitter language; to attack with harsh criticism or reproach, either spoken or written; to use invectives; - - with against; as, to inveigh against character, conduct, manners, customs, morals, a law, an abuse.

All men inveighed against him; all men, except court vassals, opposed him.

Milton.

The artificial life against which we inveighed.

Hawthorne.

In*veigh"er (?), n. One who inveighs.

In*vei"gle (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inveigled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inveigling (?).] [Prob. fr. F. aveugler to blind, to delude, OF. aveugler, avugler, avegler, fr. F. aveugle blind, OF. aveugle, avugle, properly, without eyes, fr. L. ab + oculus eye. The pref. in- seems to have been substituted for a- taken as the pref. F. à, L. ad. See Ocular.] To lead astray as if blind; to persuade to something evil by deceptive arts or flattery; to entice; to insnare; to seduce; to wheedle.

Yet have they many baits and guileful spells To inveigle and invite the unwary sense.

Milton.

In*vei"gle*ment (?), n. The act of inveigling, or the state of being inveigled; that which inveigles; enticement; seduction. South.

In*vei"gler (?), n. One who inveigles.

In*veil" (?), v. t. To cover, as with a vail. W. Browne.

In*vend`i*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being invendible; invendibleness; unsalableness.

In*vend"i*ble (?), a. [L. invendibilis. See In- not, and Vendible.] Not vendible or salable. Jefferson. -- In*vend"i*ble*ness, n.

In*ven"om (?), v. t. See Envenom.

In*vent" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Invented; p. pr. & vb. n. Inventing.] [L. inventus, p. p. of invenire to come upon, to find, invent; pref. in- in + venire to come, akin to E. come: cf. F. inventer. See Come.]

1. To come or light upon; to meet; to find. [Obs.]

And vowed never to return again, Till him alive or dead she did invent.

Spenser.

2. To discover, as by study or inquiry; to find out; to devise; to contrive or produce for the first time; -- applied commonly to the discovery of some serviceable mode, instrument, or machine.

Thus first Necessity invented stools.

Cowper.

3. To frame by the imagination; to fabricate mentally; to forge; -- in a good or a bad sense; as, to invent the machinery of a poem; to invent a falsehood.

Whate'er his cruel malice could invent.

Milton.

He had invented some circumstances, and put the worst possible construction on others.

Sir W. Scott.

Syn. -- To discover; contrive; devise; frame; design; fabricate; concoct; elaborate. See Discover.

In*vent"er (?), n. One who invents.

In*vent"ful (?), a. Full of invention. J. Gifford.

In*vent"i*ble (?), a. Capable of being invented.

In*vent"i*ble*ness, n. Quality of being inventible.

In*ven"tion (?), n. [L. inventio: cf. F. invention. See Invent.]