Chapter 38

In*tern" (?), a. [L. internus: cf. F. interne. See Internal.] Internal. [Obs.] Howell.

In*tern", v. t. [F. interne. See Intern, a.] To put for safe keeping in the interior of a place or country; to confine to one locality; as, to intern troops which have fled for refuge to a neutral country.

In*tern"al (?), a. [L. internus; akin to interior. See Interior.]

1. Inward; interior; being within any limit or surface; inclosed; -- opposed to external; as, the internal parts of a body, or of the earth.

2. Derived from, or dependent on, the thing itself; inherent; as, the internal evidence of the divine origin of the Scriptures.

3. Pertaining to its own affairs or interests; especially, (said of a country) domestic, as opposed to foreign; as, internal trade; internal troubles or war.

4. Pertaining to the inner being or the heart; spiritual.

With our Savior, internal purity is everything.

Paley.

5. Intrinsic; inherent; real. [R.]

The internal rectitude of our actions in the sight of God.

Rogers.

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6. (Anat.) Lying toward the mesial plane; mesial.

Internal angle (Geom.), an interior angle. See under Interior. -- Internal gear (Mach.), a gear in which the teeth project inward from the rim instead of outward.

Syn. -- Inner; interior; inward; inland; inside.

In`ter*nal"i*ty (?), n. The state of being internal or within; interiority.

In*ter"nal*ly (?), adv. 1. Inwardly; within the enveloping surface, or the boundary of a thing; within the body; beneath the surface.

2. Hence: Mentally; spiritually. Jer. Taylor.

In`ter*na"sal (?), a. (Anat.) Between the nasal cavities; as, the internasal cartilage.

In`ter*na"tion*al (?), a. [Pref. inter- + national: cf. F. international.]

1. Between or among nations; pertaining to the intercourse of nations; participated in by two or more nations; common to, or affecting, two or more nations.

2. Of or concerning the association called the International.

International code (Naut.), a common system of signaling adopted by nearly all maritime nations, whereby communication may be had between vessels at sea. -- International copyright. See under Copyright. -- International law, the rules regulating the mutual intercourse of nations. International law is mainly the product of the conditions from time to time of international intercourse, being drawn from diplomatic discussion, textbooks, proof of usage, and from recitals in treaties. It is called public when treating of the relations of sovereign powers, and private when of the relations of persons of different nationalities. International law is now, by the better opinion, part of the common law of the land. Cf. Conflict of laws, under Conflict. Wharton.

In`ter*na"tion*al, n. [Cf. F. internationale.]

1. The International; an abbreviated from of the title of the International Workingmen's Association, the name of an association, formed in London in 1864, which has for object the promotion of the interests of the industrial classes of all nations.

2. A member of the International Association.

In`ter*na"tion*al*ism (?), n. 1. The state or principles of international interests and intercourse.

2. The doctrines or organization of the International.

In`ter*na"tion*al*ist, n. 1. One who is versed in the principles of international law.

2. A member of the International; one who believes in, or advocates the doctrines of, the International.

In`ter*na"tion*al*ize (?), v. t. To make international; to cause to affect the mutual relations of two or more nations; as, to internationalize a principle of law, or a philanthropic enterprise.

In`ter*na"tion*al*ly, adv. In an international manner; from an international point of view.

In*terne" (?), n. [See Intern, a.] That which is within; the interior. [Poetic] Mrs. Browning.

{ In`ter*ne"cia*ry (?), In`ter*ne"ci*nal (?), } a. Internecine.

In`ter*ne"cine (?), a. [L. internecinus deadly, murderous, fr. internecare to kill, to slaughter; inter between + necare to kill; akin to Gr. &?; dead. See Necromancy.] Involving, or accompanied by, mutual slaughter; mutually destructive.

Internecine quarrels, horrible tumults, stain the streets with blood.

Motley.

In`ter*ne"cion (?), n. [L. internecio.] Mutual slaughter or destruction; massacre. [Obs.] Sir M. Hale.

In`ter*ne"cive (?), a. [L. internecivus.] Internecine. [R.] Sydney Smith.

In`ter*nec"tion (?), n. [L. internectere to bind together; inter between + nectere to fasten.] Intimate connection. [Obs.] W. Montagu.

In`ter*neu"ral (?), a. (Anat.) Between the neural arches or neural spines. -- n. An interneural spine or cartilage.

In*ter"ni*ty (?), n. State of being within; interiority. [R.] H. Brooke.

In*tern"ment (?), n. [F. internement. See Intern.] Confinement within narrow limits, -- as of foreign troops, to the interior of a country.

In`ter*no"dal (?), a. Of or pertaining to internodes; intervening between nodes or joints.

In"ter*node` (?), n. [L. internodium; inter between + nodus knot.]

1. (Bot.) The space between two nodes or points of the stem from which the leaves properly arise. H. Spenser.

2. (Anat.) A part between two joints; a segment; specifically, one of the phalanges.

In`ter*no"di*al (?), a. Internodal. [R.]

In`ter*nun"cial (?), a. [See Internuncio.]

1. Of or pertaining to an internuncio.

2. (Physiol.) Communicating or transmitting impressions between different parts of the body; -- said of the nervous system. Carpenter.

In`ter*nun"ciess (?), n. A female messenger. [R.]

In`ter*nun"ci*o (?), n.; pl. Internuncios (#). [L. internuntius; inter between + nuntius, nuncius, messenger: cf. It. internunzio. See Nuncio.]

1. A messenger between two parties. Johnson.

2. A representative, or chargé d'affaires, of the pope at a foreign court or seat of government, ranking next below a nuncio.

This title was formerly given also to the Austrian envoy at Constantinople.

In`ter*nun"ci*o*ship, n. The office or function of an internuncio. Richardson.

||In`ter*nun"ci*us (?), n. [L.] Internuncio. || In`ter*o`ce*an"ic (?), a. Between oceans; connecting oceans; as, interoceanic communication; an interoceanic canal.

In`ter*oc"u*lar (?), a. Between, or within, the eyes; as, the interocular distance; situated between the eyes, as the antennæ of some insects.

In`ter*o*per"cu*lar (?), a. Of or pertaining to the interoperculum. -- n. The interopercular bone.

||In`ter*o*per"cu*lum (?), n.; pl. -la (-l). (Anat.) The ||postero-inferior opercular bone, in fishes. || In`ter*or"bit*al (?), a. (Anat.) Between the orbits; as, the interorbital septum.

In`ter*os"cu*lant (?), a. 1. Mutually touching or intersecting; as, interosculant circles.

2. (Biol.) Uniting two groups; -- said of certain genera which connect family groups, or of species that connect genera. See Osculant.

In`ter*os"cu*late (?), v. i. & t. 1. To kiss together to touch. See Osculate.

2. (Biol.) To have the character of, or to lie between, two distinct groups.

{ In`ter*os"se*al (?), In`ter*os"se*ous (?), } a. [Pref. inter- + osseous: cf. F. interosseux.] (Anat.) Situated between bones; as, an interosseous ligament.

In`ter*pale" (?), v. t. 1. To place pales between or among; to separate by pales.

2. To interweave or interlace. [R.] Brende.

In`ter*pa*ri"e*tal (?), a. (Anat.) Between the parietal bones or cartilages; as, the interparietal suture. -- n. The interparietal bone or cartilage.

In`ter*pause` (?), n. An intermission. [R.]

In`ter*peal" (?), v. t. To interpel. [Obs.]

In`ter*pe*den"cu*lar (?), a. (Anat.) Between peduncles; esp., between the peduncles, or crura, of the cerebrum.

In`ter*pel" (?), v. t. [L. interpellare, interpellatum; inter between + pellare (in comp.), akin to pellere to drive: cf. F. interpeller. Cf. Interpellate.] To interrupt, break in upon, or intercede with. [Obs.]

I am interpelled by many businesses.

Howell.

In`ter*pel"lant (?), a. [L. interpellans, p. pr. See Interpel.] Interpelling; interrupting. -- n. One who, or that which, interpels.

In`ter*pel"late (?), v. t. [See Interpel.] To question imperatively, as a minister, or other executive officer, in explanation of his conduct; -- generally on the part of a legislative body.

In`ter*pel*la"tion (?), n. [L. interpellatio: cf. F. interpellation.]

1. The act of interpelling or interrupting; interruption. "Continual interpellations." Bp. Hall.

2. The act of interposing or interceding; intercession.

Accepted by his interpellation and intercession.

Jer. Taylor.

3. An act of interpellating, or of demanding of an officer an explanation of his action; imperative or peremptory questioning; a point raised in a debate.

4. A official summons or citation. Ayliffe.

In`ter*pen"e*trate (?), v. t. To penetrate between or within; to penetrate mutually.

It interpenetrates my granite mass.

Shelley.

In`ter*pen"e*trate, v. i. To penetrate each the other; to penetrate between bodies or their parts.

Interpenetrating molding (Arch.), in late Gothic architecture, a decoration by means of moldings which seem to pass through solid uprights, transoms, or other members; often, two sets of architectural members penetrating one another, in appearance, as if both had been plastic when they were put together.

In`ter*pen`e*tra"tion (?), n. The act of penetrating between or within other substances; mutual penetration. Milman.

In`ter*pen"e*tra*tive (?), a. Penetrating among or between other substances; penetrating each the other; mutually penetrative.

In`ter*pet"al*a*ry (?), a. [Pref. inter- + petal.] (Bot.) Between the petals of a flower.

In`ter*pet"i*o*lar (?), a. (Bot.) Being between petioles. Cf. Intrapetiolar.

In`ter*pha*lan"ge*al (?), a. (Anat.) Between phalanges; as, interphalangeal articulations.

In`ter*pi*las"ter (?), n. (Arch.) The interval or space between two pilasters. Elmes.

In`ter*place" (?), v. t. To place between or among; as, to interplace a name. [R.] Daniel.

In`ter*plan"et*a*ry (?), a. Between planets; as, interplanetary spaces. Boyle.

In`ter*play` (?), n. Mutual action or influence; interaction; as, the interplay of affection.

In`ter*plead" (?), v. i. (Law) To plead against each other, or go to trial between themselves, as the claimants in an in an interpleader. See Interpleader. [Written also enterplead.]

In`ter*plead"er (?), n. 1. One who interpleads.

2. (Law) A proceeding devised to enable a person, of whom the same debt, duty, or thing is claimed adversely by two or more parties, to compel them to litigate the right or title between themselves, and thereby to relieve himself from the suits which they might otherwise bring against him.

In`ter*pledge" (?), v. t. To pledge mutually. [R.]

In`ter*point" (?), v. t. To point; to mark with stops or pauses; to punctuate. [R.]

Her sighs should interpoint her words.

Daniel.

In*ter"po*la*ble (?), a. That may be interpolated; suitable to be interpolated.

A most interpolable clause of one sentence.

De Morgan.

In*ter"po*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Interpolated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Interpolating.] [L. interpolatus, p. p. of interpolare to form anew, to interpolate, fr. interpolus, interpolis, falsified, vamped up, polished up; inter between + polire to polish. See Polish, v. t.]

1. To renew; to carry on with intermission. [Obs.]

Motion . . . partly continued and unintermitted, . . . partly interpolated and interrupted.

Sir M. Hale.

2. To alter or corrupt by the insertion of new or foreign matter; especially, to change, as a book or text, by the insertion of matter that is new, or foreign to the purpose of the author.

How strangely Ignatius is mangled and interpolated, you may see by the vast difference of all copies and editions.

Bp. Barlow.

The Athenians were put in possession of Salamis by another law, which was cited by Solon, or, as some think, interpolated by him for that purpose.

Pope.

3. (Math.) To fill up intermediate terms of, as of a series, according to the law of the series; to introduce, as a number or quantity, in a partial series, according to the law of that part of the series.

In*ter"po*la`ted (?), a. 1. Inserted in, or added to, the original; introduced; foisted in; changed by the insertion of new or spurious matter.

2. (Math.) (a) Provided with necessary interpolations; as, an interpolated table. (b) Introduced or determined by interpolation; as, interpolated quantities or numbers.

In*ter`po*la"tion (?), n. [L. interpolatio an alteration made here and there: cf. F. interpolation.] 1. The act of introducing or inserting anything, especially that which is spurious or foreign.

2. That which is introduced or inserted, especially something foreign or spurious.

Bentley wrote a letter . . . . upon the scriptural glosses in our present copies of Hesychius, which he considered interpolations from a later hand.

De Quincey.

3. (Math.) The method or operation of finding from a few given terms of a series, as of numbers or observations, other intermediate terms in conformity with the law of the series.

In*ter"po*la`tor (?), n. [L., a corrupter: of. F. interpolateur.] One who interpolates; esp., one who inserts foreign or spurious matter in genuine writings.

In`ter*pone" (?), v. t. [L. interponere; inter between + ponere to place. See Position.] To interpose; to insert or place between. [R.] Cudworth.

In`ter*po"nent (?), n. One who, or that which, interposes; an interloper, an opponent. [R.] Heywood.

In`ter*pos"al (?), n. [From Interpose.] The act of interposing; interposition; intervention.

In`ter*pose" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Interposed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Interposing.] [F. interposer. See Inter-, and Pose, v. t.]

1. To place between; as, to interpose a screen between the eye and the light.

Mountains interposed Make enemies of nations.

Cowper.

2. To thrust; to intrude; to put between, either for aid or for troubling.

What watchful cares do interpose themselves Betwixt your eyes and night?

Shak.

The common Father of mankind seasonably interposed his hand, and rescues miserable man.

Woodward.

3. To introduce or inject between the parts of a conversation or argument. Milton.

In`ter*pose", v. i. 1. To be or come between.

Long hid by interposing hill or wood.

Cowper.

2. To step in between parties at variance; to mediate; as, the prince interposed and made peace. Pope.

3. To utter a sentiment by way of interruption. Boyle.

Syn. -- To intervene; intercede; mediate; interfere; intermeddle. -- To Interpose, Intermeddle, Interfere. A man may often interpose with propriety in the concerns of others; he can never intermeddle without being impertinent or officious; nor can be interfere without being liable to the same charge, unless he has rights which are interfered with. "In our practical use, interference is something offensive. It is the pushing in of himself between two parties on the part of a third who was not asked, and is not thanked for his pains, and who, as the feeling of the word implies, had no business there; while interposition is employed to express the friendly, peacemaking mediation of one whom the act well became, and who, even if he was not specially invited thereunto, is still thanked for what he has done." Trench.

In"ter*pose (?), n. Interposition. [Obs.]

In`ter*pos"er (?), n. One who, or that which, interposes or intervenes; an obstacle or interruption; a mediator or agent between parties. Shak.

In`ter*pos"it (?), n. [From L. interpositus, p. p. of interponere. See Interposition.] An intermediate depot or station between one commercial city or country and another. Mitford.

In`ter*po*si"tion (?; 277), n. [L. interpositio a putting between, insertion, fr. interponere, interpositum: cf. F. interposition. See Interpone, Position.]

1. The act of interposing, or the state of being interposed; a being, placing, or coming between; mediation.

2. The thing interposed.

In`ter*po"sure (?), n. Interposition. [Obs.]

In*ter"pret (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Interpreted; p. pr. & vb. n. Interpreting.] [F. interprêter, L. interpretari, p. p. interpretatus, fr. interpres interpeter, agent, negotiator; inter between + (prob.) the root of pretium price. See Price.]

1. To explain or tell the meaning of; to expound; to translate orally into intelligible or familiar language or terms; to decipher; to define; -- applied esp. to language, but also to dreams, signs, conduct, mysteries, etc.; as, to interpret the Hebrew language to an Englishman; to interpret an Indian speech.

Emmanuel, which being interpreted is, God with us.

Matt. i. 23.

And Pharaoh told them his dreams; but there was none that could interpret them unto Pharaoh.

Gen. xli. 8.

2. To apprehend and represent by means of art; to show by illustrative representation; as, an actor interprets the character of Hamlet; a musician interprets a sonata; an artist interprets a landscape.

Syn. -- To translate; explain; solve; render; expound; elucidate; decipher; unfold; unravel.

In*ter"pret, v. i. To act as an interpreter. Shak.

In*ter"pret*a*ble (?), a. [L. interpretabilis: cf. F. interprêtable.] Admitting of interpretation; capable of being interpreted or explained.

In*ter"pre*ta*ment (?), n. [L. interpretamentum.] Interpretation. [Obs.] Milton.

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In*ter`pre*ta"tion (n*tr`pr*t"shn), n. [L. interpretatio: cf. F. interprétation.]

1. The act of interpreting; explanation of what is obscure; translation; version; construction; as, the interpretation of a foreign language, of a dream, or of an enigma.

Look how we can, or sad or merrily, Interpretation will misquote our looks.

Shak.

2. The sense given by an interpreter; exposition or explanation given; meaning; as, commentators give various interpretations of the same passage of Scripture.

3. The power or explaining. [R.] Bacon.

4. (Fine Arts) An artist's way of expressing his thought or embodying his conception of nature.

5. (Math.) The act or process of applying general principles or formulæ to the explanation of the results obtained in special cases.

Syn. -- Explanation; solution; translation; version; sense; exposition; rendering; definition.

In*ter"pre*ta*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. interprétatif.]

1. Designed or fitted to interpret; explanatory. "Interpretative lexicography." Johnson.

2. According to interpretation; constructive.

An interpretative siding with heresies.

Hammond.

In*ter"pre*ta*tive*ly, adv. By interpretation. Ray.

In*ter"pret*er (?), n. [Cf. OF. entrepreteur, L. interpretator.] One who or that which interprets, explains, or expounds; a translator; especially, a person who translates orally between two parties.

We think most men's actions to be the interpreters of their thoughts.

Locke.

In*ter"pre*tive (?), a. Interpretative. [R.]

In`ter*pu"bic (?), a. (Anat.) Between the pubic bones or cartilages; as, the interpubic disk.

In`ter*punc"tion (?), n. [L. interpunctio, fr. interpungere, interppunctum, to interpoint. See Inter-, and Point.] The insertion of points between words or sentences; punctuation.

In`ter*ra"di*al (?), a. Between the radii, or rays; -- in zoölogy, said of certain parts of radiate animals; as, the interradial plates of a starfish.

In`ter*ra"mal (?), a. [Pref. inter- + L. ramus a branch.] (Anat.) Between rami or branches; esp., between the mandibles, or rami of the lower jaw; intermandibular.

In`ter*re*ceive" (?), v. t. To receive between or within.

In`ter*re"gen*cy (?), n. An interregnum. [Obs.] Blount.

In`ter*re"gent (?), n. A person who discharges the royal functions during an interregnum. Holland.

In`ter*reg"num (?), n.; pl. Interregnums (#). [L., fr. inter between + regnum dominion, reign. See Reign, and cf. Interreign.]

1. The time during which a throne is vacant between the death or abdication of a sovereign and the accession of his successor.

2. Any period during which, for any cause, the executive branch of a government is suspended or interrupted.

In"ter*reign` (?), n. [Cf. F. interrègne.] An interregnum. [Obs.] Bacon.

In`ter*re*lat"ed (?), a. Having a mutual or reciprocal relation or parallelism; correlative.

In`ter*re*la"tion (?), n. Mutual or reciprocal relation; correlation.

In`ter*re"nal (?), a. (Anat.) Between the kidneys; as, the interrenal body, an organ found in many fishes. -- n. The interrenal body.

In`ter*re*pel"lent (?), a. Mutually repellent. De Quincey.

In*ter"rer (?), n. One who inters.

In"ter*rex` (?), n.; pl. E. Interrexes (#), L. Interreges (#). [L., fr. inter between + rex king.] An interregent, or a regent.

In*ter"ro*gate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Interrogating (?).] [L. interrogatus, p. p. of interrogare to ask; inter between + rogare to ask. See Rogation.] To question formally; to question; to examine by asking questions; as, to interrogate a witness.

Wilt thou, uncalled, interrogate, Talker! the unreplying Fate?

Emerson.

Syn. -- To question; ask. See Question.

In*ter"ro*gate, v. i. To ask questions. Bacon.

In*ter"ro*gate (?), n. An interrogation; a question. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

In*ter`ro*ga*tee" (?), n. One who is interrogated.

In*ter`ro*ga"tion (?), n. [L. interrogatio: cf. F. interrogation.]

1. The act of interrogating or questioning; examination by questions; inquiry.

2. A question put; an inquiry.

3. A point, mark, or sign, thus [?], indicating that the sentence with which it is connected is a question. It is used to express doubt, or to mark a query. Called also interrogation point.

In works printed in the Spanish language this mark is not only placed at the end of an interrogative sentence, but is also placed, inverted [as thus ()], at the beginning.

In`ter*rog"a*tive (&?;), a. [L. interrogativus: cf. F. interrogatif.] Denoting a question; expressed in the form of a question; as, an interrogative sentence; an interrogative pronoun.

In`ter*rog"a*tive, n. (Gram.) A word used in asking questions; as, who? which? why?

In`ter*rog"a*tive*ly, adv. In the form of, or by means of, a question; in an interrogative manner.

In*ter"ro*ga`tor (?), n. [L.: cf. F. interrogateur.] One who asks questions; a questioner.

In`ter*rog"a*to*ry (?), n.; pl. Interrogatories (#). [Cf. F. interrogatoire.] A formal question or inquiry; esp. (Law), a question asked in writing. Macaulay.

In`ter*rog"a*to*ry (?), a. [L. interrogatorius.] Containing, expressing, or implying a question; as, an interrogatory sentence.

In`ter*rupt" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Interrupted; p. pr. & vb. n. Interrupting.] [L. interruptus, p. p. of interrumpere to interrupt; inter between + rumpere to break. See Rupture.]

1. To break into, or between; to stop, or hinder by breaking in upon the course or progress of; to interfere with the current or motion of; to cause a temporary cessation of; as, to interrupt the remarks of anyone speaking.

Do not interrupt me in my course.

Shak.

2. To divide; to separate; to break the monotony of; as, the evenness of the road was not interrupted by a single hill.

In`ter*rupt", p. a. [L. interruptus, p. p.] Broken; interrupted. [Obs.] Milton.

In`ter*rupt"ed, a. 1. Broken; intermitted; suddenly stopped.

2. (Bot.) Irregular; -- said of any arrangement whose symmetry is destroyed by local causes, as when leaflets are interposed among the leaves in a pinnate leaf.

In`ter*rupt"ed*ly, adv. With breaks or interruptions; discontinuously.

Interruptedly pinnate (Bot.), pinnate with small leaflets intermixed with large ones. Gray.

In`ter*rupt"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, interrupts.

2. (Elec.) A device for opening and closing an electrical circuit; a vibrating spring or tuning fork, arranged to make and break a circuit at rapidly recurring intervals, by the action of the current itself.

In`ter*rup"tion (?), n. [L. interruptio: cf. F. interruption.]

1. The act of interrupting, or breaking in upon.

2. The state of being interrupted; a breach or break, caused by the abrupt intervention of something foreign; intervention; interposition. Sir M. Hale.

Lest the interruption of time cause you to lose the idea of one part.

Dryden.