Chapter 33

This story doth not only instance in kingdoms, but in families too.

Jer. Taylor.

In"stan*cy (?), n. Instance; urgency. [Obs.]

Those heavenly precepts which our Lord and Savior with so great instancy gave.

Hooker.

In"stant (?), a. [L. instans, -antis, p. pr. of instare to stand upon, to press upon; pref. in- in, on + stare to stand: cf. F. instant. See Stand.]

1. Pressing; urgent; importunate; earnest.

Rejoicing in hope; patient in tribulation; continuing instant in prayer.

Rom. xii. 12.

I am beginning to be very instant for some sort of occupation.

Carlyle.

2. Closely pressing or impending in respect to time; not deferred; immediate; without delay.

Impending death is thine, and instant doom.

Prior.

3. Present; current.

The instant time is always the fittest time.

Fuller.

The word in this sense is now used only in dates, to indicate the current month; as, the tenth of July instant.

In"stant, adv. Instantly. [Poetic]

Instant he flew with hospitable haste.

Pope.

In"stant, n. [F. instant, fr. L. instans standing by, being near, present. See Instant, a.]

1. A point in duration; a moment; a portion of time too short to be estimated; also, any particular moment.

There is scarce an instant between their flourishing and their not being.

Hooker.

2. A day of the present or current month; as, the sixth instant; -- an elliptical expression equivalent to the sixth of the month instant, i. e., the current month. See Instant, a., 3.

Syn. -- Moment; flash; second.

In*stan`ta*ne"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. instantanéité.] Quality of being instantaneous. Shenstone.

In`stan*ta"ne*ous (?), a. [Cf. F. instantané.]

1. Done or occurring in an instant, or without any perceptible duration of time; as, the passage of electricity appears to be instantaneous.

His reason saw With instantaneous view, the truth of things.

Thomson.

2. At or during a given instant; as, instantaneous acceleration, velocity, etc.

Instantaneous center of rotation (Kinematics), in a plane or in a plane figure which has motions both of translation and of rotation in the plane, is the point which for the instant is at rest. -- Instantaneous axis of rotation (Kinematics), in a body which has motions both of translation and rotation, is a line, which is supposed to be rigidly united with the body, and which for the instant is at rest. The motion of the body is for the instant simply that of rotation about the instantaneous axis.

-- In`stan*ta"ne*ous*ly, adv. -- In`stan*ta"ne*ous*ness, n.

||In*stan"ter (?), adv. [L., vehemently, earnestly. See Instant, n. & ||a.] Immediately; instantly; at once; as, he left instanter. || In"stant*ly (?), adv. 1. Without the least delay or interval; at once; immediately. Macaulay.

2. With urgency or importunity; earnestly; pressingly. "They besought him instantly." Luke vii. 4.

Syn. -- Directly; immediately; at once. See Directly.

In*star" (?), v. t. To stud as with stars. [R.] "A golden throne instarred with gems." J. Barlow.

In*state" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Instated; p. pr. & vb. n. Instating.] To set, place, or establish, as in a rank, office, or condition; to install; to invest; as, to instate a person in greatness or in favor. Shak.

In*stau"rate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Instaurated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Instaurating (?).] [L. instauratus, p. p. of instaurare to renew. See 1st In-, and Store.] To renew or renovate. [R.]

In`stau*ra"tion (?), n. [L. instauratio: cf. F. instauration.] Restoration after decay, lapse, or dilapidation; renewal; repair; renovation; renaissance.

Some great catastrophe or . . . instauration.

T. Burnet.

In"stau*ra`tor (?), n. [L.: cf. F. instaurateur.] One who renews or restores to a former condition. [R.] Dr. H. More.

In*staure" (?), v. t. [See Instaurate.] To renew or renovate; to instaurate. [Obs.] Marston.

In*stead" (?), adv. [Pref. in- + stead place.]

1. In the place or room; -- usually followed by of.

Let thistles grow of wheat.

Job xxxi. 40.

Absalom made Amasa captain of the host instead of Joab.

2 Sam. xvii. 25.

2. Equivalent; equal to; -- usually with of. [R.]

This very consideration to a wise man is instead of a thousand arguments, to satisfy him, that in those times no such thing was believed.

Tillotson.

In*steep" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Insteeped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Insteeping.] To steep or soak; to drench. [R.] "In gore he lay insteeped." Shak.

In"step (?), n. [Formerly also instop, instup.]

1. The arched middle portion of the human foot next in front of the ankle joint.

2. That part of the hind leg of the horse and allied animals, between the hock, or ham, and the pastern joint.

In"sti*gate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Instigated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Instigating (?).] [L. instigatus, p. p. of instigare to instigate; pref. in- in + a root akin to G. stechen to prick, E. stick. See Stick.] To goad or urge forward; to set on; to provoke; to incite; -- used chiefly with reference to evil actions; as, to instigate one to a crime.

He hath only instigated his blackest agents to the very extent of their malignity.

Bp. Warburton.

Syn. -- To stimulate; urge; spur; provoke; tempt; incite; impel; encourage; animate.

In"sti*ga`ting*ly, adv. Incitingly; temptingly.

In`sti*ga"tion (?), n. [L. instigatio: cf. F. instigation.] The act of instigating, or the state of being instigated; incitement; esp. to evil or wickedness.

The baseness and villainy that . . . the instigation of the devil could bring the sons of men to.

South.

In"sti*ga`tor (?), n. [L.: cf. F. instigateur.] One who instigates or incites. Burke.

In*still" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Instilled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Instilling.] [L. instillare, instillatum; pref. in- in + stillare to drop, fr. stilla a drop: cf. F. instiller. See Distill.] [Written also instil.] To drop in; to pour in drop by drop; hence, to impart gradually; to infuse slowly; to cause to be imbibed.

That starlight dews All silently their tears of love instill.

Byron.

How hast thou instilled Thy malice into thousands.

Milton.

Syn. -- To infuse; impart; inspire; implant; inculcate; insinuate.

In`stil*la"tion (?), n. [L. instillatio: cf. F. instillation.] The act of instilling; also, that which is instilled. Johnson.

In"stil*la`tor (?), n. An instiller. [R.]

In*stil"la*to*ry (?), a. Belonging to instillation. [R.]

In*still"er (?), n. One who instills. Skelton.

In*still"ment (?), n. The act of instilling; also, that which is instilled. [Written also instilment.]

In*stim"u*late (?), v. t. [Pref. in- not + stimulate.] Not to stimulate; to soothe; to quiet. [Obs.] Cheyne.

In*stim"u*late, v. t. [L. instimulatus, p. p. instimulare to stimulate. See 1st In-, and Stimulate.] To stimulate; to excite. [Obs.] Cockeram.

In*stim`u*la"tion (?), n. Stimulation.

In*stinct" (?), a. [L. instinctus, p. p. of instinguere to instigate, incite; cf. instigare to instigate. Cf. Instigate, Distinguish.] Urged or stimulated from within; naturally moved or impelled; imbued; animated; alive; quick; as, birds instinct with life.

The chariot of paternal deity . . . Itself instinct with spirit, but convoyed By four cherubic shapes.

Milton.

A noble performance, instinct with sound principle.

Brougham.

In"stinct (n"stkt), n. [L. instinctus instigation, impulse, fr. instinguere to instigate: cf. F. instinct. See Instinct, a.]

1. Natural inward impulse; unconscious, involuntary, or unreasoning prompting to any mode of action, whether bodily, or mental, without a distinct apprehension of the end or object to be accomplished.

An instinct is a propensity prior to experience, and independent of instructions.

Paley.

An instinct is a blind tendency to some mode of action, independent of any consideration, on the part of the agent, of the end to which the action leads.

Whately.

An instinct is an agent which performs blindly and ignorantly a work of intelligence and knowledge.

Sir W. Hamilton.

By a divine instinct, men's minds mistrust Ensuing dangers.

Shak.

2. (Zoöl.) Specif., the natural, unreasoning, impulse by which an animal is guided to the performance of any action, without thought of improvement in the method.

The resemblance between what originally was a habit, and an instinct becomes so close as not to be distinguished.

Darwin.

3. A natural aptitude or knack; a predilection; as, an instinct for order; to be modest by instinct.

In*stinct" (n*stkt"), v. t. To impress, as an animating power, or instinct. [Obs.] Bentley.

In*stinc"tion (?), n. Instinct; incitement; inspiration. [Obs.] Sir T. Elyot.

In*stinc"tive (?), a. [Cf. F. instinctif.] Of or pertaining to instinct; derived from, or prompted by, instinct; of the nature of instinct; determined by natural impulse or propensity; acting or produced without reasoning, deliberation, instruction, or experience; spontaneous. "Instinctive motion." Milton. "Instinctive dread." Cowper.

With taste instinctive give Each grace appropriate.

Mason.

Have we had instinctive intimations of the death of some absent friends?

Bp. Hall.

The terms instinctive belief, instinctive judgment, instinctive cognition, are expressions not ill adapted to characterize a belief, judgment, or cognition, which, as the result of no anterior consciousness, is, like the products of animal instinct, the intelligent effect of (as far as we are concerned) an unknown cause. Sir H. Hamilton.

Syn. -- Natural; voluntary; spontaneous; original; innate; inherent; automatic.

In*stinc"tive*ly, adv. In an instinctive manner; by force of instinct; by natural impulse.

In`stinc*tiv"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being instinctive, or prompted by instinct. [R.] Coleridge.

In*stip"u*late (?), a. See Exstipulate.

In"sti*tute (n"st*tt), p. a. [L. institutus, p. p. of instituere to place in, to institute, to instruct; pref. in- in + statuere to cause to stand, to set. See Statute.] Established; organized; founded. [Obs.]

They have but few laws. For to a people so instruct and institute, very few to suffice.

Robynson (More's Utopia).

<! p. 772 !>

In"sti*tute (n"st*tt), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Instituted (- t`td); p. pr. & vb. n. Instituting.]

1. To set up; to establish; to ordain; as, to institute laws, rules, etc.

2. To originate and establish; to found; to organize; as, to institute a court, or a society.

Whenever any from of government becomes destructive of these ends it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it, and to institute a new government.

Jefferson (Decl. of Indep. ).

3. To nominate; to appoint. [Obs.]

We institute your Grace To be our regent in these parts of France.

Shak.

4. To begin; to commence; to set on foot; as, to institute an inquiry; to institute a suit.

And haply institute A course of learning and ingenious studies.

Shak.

5. To ground or establish in principles and rudiments; to educate; to instruct. [Obs.]

If children were early instituted, knowledge would insensibly insinuate itself.

Dr. H. More.

6. (Eccl. Law) To invest with the spiritual charge of a benefice, or the care of souls. Blackstone.

Syn. -- To originate; begin; commence; establish; found; erect; organize; appoint; ordain.

In"sti*tute, n. [L. institutum: cf. F. institut. See Institute, v. t. & a.]

1. The act of instituting; institution. [Obs.] "Water sanctified by Christ's institute." Milton.

2. That which is instituted, established, or fixed, as a law, habit, or custom. Glover.

3. Hence: An elementary and necessary principle; a precept, maxim, or rule, recognized as established and authoritative; usually in the plural, a collection of such principles and precepts; esp., a comprehensive summary of legal principles and decisions; as, the Institutes of Justinian; Coke's Institutes of the Laws of England. Cf. Digest, n.

They made a sort of institute and digest of anarchy.

Burke.

To make the Stoics' institutes thy own.

Dryden.

4. An institution; a society established for the promotion of learning, art, science, etc.; a college; as, the Institute of Technology; also, a building owned or occupied by such an institute; as, the Cooper Institute.

5. (Scots Law) The person to whom an estate is first given by destination or limitation. Tomlins.

Institutes of medicine, theoretical medicine; that department of medical science which attempts to account philosophically for the various phenomena of health as well as of disease; physiology applied to the practice of medicine. Dunglison.

In"sti*tu`ter (?), n. An institutor. [R.]

In`sti*tu"tion (?), n. [L. institutio: cf. F. institution.]

1. The act or process of instituting; as: (a) Establishment; foundation; enactment; as, the institution of a school.

The institution of God's law is described as being established by solemn injunction.

Hooker.

(b) Instruction; education. [Obs.] Bentley. (c) (Eccl. Law) The act or ceremony of investing a clergyman with the spiritual part of a benefice, by which the care of souls is committed to his charge. Blackstone.

2. That which instituted or established; as: (a) Established order, method, or custom; enactment; ordinance; permanent form of law or polity.

The nature of our people, Our city's institutions.

Shak.

(b) An established or organized society or corporation; an establishment, especially of a public character, or affecting a community; a foundation; as, a literary institution; a charitable institution; also, a building or the buildings occupied or used by such organization; as, the Smithsonian Institution. (c) Anything forming a characteristic and persistent feature in social or national life or habits.

We ordered a lunch (the most delightful of English institutions, next to dinner) to be ready against our return.

Hawthorne.

3. That which institutes or instructs; a textbook; a system of elements or rules; an institute. [Obs.]

There is another manuscript, of above three hundred years old, . . . being an institution of physic.

Evelyn.

In`sti*tu"tion*al (?), a. 1. Pertaining to, or treating of, institutions; as, institutional legends.

Institutional writers as Rousseau.

J. S. Mill.

2. Instituted by authority.

3. Elementary; rudimental.

In`sti*tu"tion*a*ry (?), a. 1. Relating to an institution, or institutions.

2. Containing the first principles or doctrines; elemental; rudimentary.

In"sti*tu`tist (?), n. A writer or compiler of, or a commentator on, institutes. [R.] Harvey.

In"sti*tu`tive (?), a. 1. Tending or intended to institute; having the power to establish. Barrow.

2. Established; depending on, or characterized by, institution or order. "Institutive decency." Milton.

In"sti*tu`tive*ly adv. In conformity with an institution. Harrington.

In"sti*tu`tor (?), n. [L.: cf. F. instituteur.]

1. One who institutes, founds, ordains, or establishes.

2. One who educates; an instructor. [Obs.] Walker.

3. (Episcopal Church) A presbyter appointed by the bishop to institute a rector or assistant minister over a parish church.

In*stop" (?), v. t. To stop; to close; to make fast; as, to instop the seams. [Obs.] Dryden.

In*store" (?), v. t. [See Instaurate, Store.] To store up; to inclose; to contain. [Obs.] Wyclif.

In*strat"i*fied (?), a. Interstratified.

In*struct" (?), a. [L. instructus, p. p. of instruere to furnish, provide, construct, instruct; pref. in- in, on + struere. See Structure.] 1. Arranged; furnished; provided. [Obs.] "He had neither ship instruct with oars, nor men." Chapman.

2. Instructed; taught; enlightened. [Obs.] Milton.

In*struct" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Instructed; p. pr. & vb. n. Instructing.]

1. To put in order; to form; to prepare. [Obs.]

They speak to the merits of a cause, after the proctor has prepared and instructed the same for a hearing.

Ayliffe.

2. To form by communication of knowledge; to inform the mind of; to impart knowledge or information to; to enlighten; to teach; to discipline.

Schoolmasters will I keep within my house, Fit to instruct her youth.

Shak.

3. To furnish with directions; to advise; to direct; to command; as, the judge instructs the jury.

She, being before instructed of her mother, said, Give me here John Baptist's head in a charger.

Matt. xiv. 8.

Take her in; instruct her what she has to do.

Shak.

Syn. -- To teach; educate; inform; train; discipline; indoctrinate; direct; enjoin.

In*struct"er (?), n. See Instructor.

In*struct"i*ble (?), a. Capable of being instructed; teachable; docible. Bacon.

In*struc"tion (?), n. [L. instructio: cf. F. instruction.]

1. The act of instructing, teaching, or furnishing with knowledge; information.

2. That which instructs, or with which one is instructed; the intelligence or information imparted; as: (a) Precept; information; teachings. (b) Direction; order; command. "If my instructions may be your guide." Shak.

Syn. -- Education; teaching; indoctrination; information; advice; counsel. See Education.

In*struc"tion*al (?), a. Pertaining to, or promoting, instruction; educational.

In*struct"ive (?), a. [Cf. F. instructif.] Conveying knowledge; serving to instruct or inform; as, experience furnishes very instructive lessons. Addison.

In various talk the instructive hours they past.

Pope.

-- In*struct"ive*ly, adv. -- In*struct"ive*ness, n.

The pregnant instructiveness of the Scripture.

Boyle.

In*struct"or (?), n. [L., a preparer: cf. F. instructeur.] [Written also instructer.] One who instructs; one who imparts knowledge to another; a teacher.

In*struct"ress (?), n. A woman who instructs; a preceptress; a governess. Johnson.

In"stru*ment (?), n. [F. instrument, L. instrumentum. See Instruct.]

1. That by means of which any work is performed, or result is effected; a tool; a utensil; an implement; as, the instruments of a mechanic; astronomical instruments.

All the lofty instruments of war.

Shak.

2. A contrivance or implement, by which musical sounds are produced; as, a musical instrument.

Praise him with stringed instruments and organs.

Ps. cl. 4.

But signs when songs and instruments he hears.

Dryden.

3. (Law) A writing, as the means of giving formal expression to some act; a writing expressive of some act, contract, process, as a deed, contract, writ, etc. Burrill.

4. One who, or that which, is made a means, or is caused to serve a purpose; a medium, means, or agent.

Or useful serving man and instrument, To any sovereign state.

Shak.

The bold are but the instruments of the wise.

Dryden.

Syn. -- Tool; implement; utensil; machine; apparatus; channel; agent.

In"stru*ment (?), v. t. To perform upon an instrument; to prepare for an instrument; as, a sonata instrumented for orchestra.

In`stru*men"tal (?), a. [Cf. F. instrumental.]

1. Acting as an instrument; serving as a means; contributing to promote; conductive; helpful; serviceable; as, he was instrumental in conducting the business.

The head is not more native to the heart, The hand more instrumental to the mouth.

Shak.

2. (Mus.) Pertaining to, made by, or prepared for, an instrument, esp. a musical instrument; as, instrumental music, distinguished from vocal music. "He defended the use of instrumental music in public worship." Macaulay.

Sweet voices mix'd with instrumental sounds.

Dryden.

3. (Gram.) Applied to a case expressing means or agency; as, the instrumental case. This is found in Sanskrit as a separate case, but in Greek it was merged into the dative, and in Latin into the ablative. In Old English it was a separate case, but has disappeared, leaving only a few anomalous forms.

Instrumental errors, those errors in instrumental measurements, etc., which arise, exclusively from want of mathematical accuracy in an instrument.

In`stru*men"tal*ist, n. One who plays upon an instrument of music, as distinguished from a vocalist.

In`stru*men*tal"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Instrumentalities (&?;). The quality or condition of being instrumental; that which is instrumental; anything used as a means; medium; agency.

The instrumentality of faith in justification.

Bp. Burnet.

The discovery of gunpowder developed the science of attack and defense in a new instrumentality.

J. H. Newman.

In`stru*men"tal*ly (?), adv. 1. By means of an instrument or agency; as means to an end. South.

They will argue that the end being essentially beneficial, the means become instrumentally so.

Burke.

2. With instruments of music; as, a song instrumentally accompanied. Mason.

In`stru*men"tal*ness, n. Usefulness or agency, as means to an end; instrumentality. [R.] Hammond.

In`stru*men"ta*ry (?), a. Instrumental. [R.]

In`stru*men*ta"tion (?), n. 1. The act of using or adapting as an instrument; a series or combination of instruments; means; agency.

Otherwise we have no sufficient instrumentation for our human use or handling of so great a fact.

H. Bushnell.

2. (Mus.) (a) The arrangement of a musical composition for performance by a number of different instruments; orchestration; instrumental composition; composition for an orchestra or military band. (b) The act or manner of playing upon musical instruments; performance; as, his instrumentation is perfect.

In"stru*men`tist (?), n. A performer on a musical instrument; an instrumentalist.

In*style" (?), v. t. To style. [Obs.] Crashaw.

In*suav"i*ty (?), n. [L. insuavitas: cf. F. insuavité. See In- not, and Suavity.] Want of suavity; unpleasantness. [Obs.] Burton.

In`sub*jec"tion (?), n. Want of subjection or obedience; a state of disobedience, as to government.

In`sub*mer"gi*ble (?), a. Not capable of being submerged; buoyant. [R.]

In`sub*mis"sion (?), n. Want of submission; disobedience; noncompliance.

In`sub*or"di*nate (?), a. Not submitting to authority; disobedient; rebellious; mutinous.

In`sub*or`di*na"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. insubordination.] The quality of being insubordinate; disobedience to lawful authority.

In`sub*stan"tial (?), a. Unsubstantial; not real or strong. "Insubstantial pageant." [R.] Shak.

In`sub*stan`ti*al"i*ty (?), n. Unsubstantiality; unreality. [R.]

In`suc*ca"tion (?), n. [L. insucare, insucatum, to soak in; pref. in- + succus, sucus, sap.] The act of soaking or moistening; maceration; solution in the juice of herbs. [Obs.] Coxe.

The medicating and insuccation of seeds.

Evelyn.

In`suc*cess" (?), n. Want of success. [R.] Feltham.

In*sue" (?), v. i. See Ensue, v. i.

In"sue*tude (?), n. [L. insuetudo, from insuetus unaccustomed; pref. in- not + suetus, p. p. of suescere to be accustomed.] The state or quality of being unaccustomed; absence of use or habit.

Absurdities are great or small in proportion to custom or insuetude.

Landor.

In*suf"fer*a*ble (?), a. 1. Incapable of being suffered, borne, or endured; insupportable; unendurable; intolerable; as, insufferable heat, cold, or pain; insufferable wrongs. Locke.

2. Offensive beyond endurance; detestable.

A multitude of scribblers who daily pester the world with their insufferable stuff.

Dryden.

In*suf"fer*a*bly, adv. In a manner or to a degree beyond endurance; intolerably; as, a blaze insufferably bright; a person insufferably proud.

In`suf*fi"cience (?), n. Insufficiency. Shak.

In`suf*fi"cien*cy (?), n. [L. insufficientia: cf. F. insuffisance, whence OE. insuffisance. See Insufficient.]

1. The quality or state of being insufficient; want of sufficiency; deficiency; inadequateness; as, the insufficiency of provisions, of an excuse, etc.

The insufficiency of the light of nature is, by the light of Scripture, . . . fully supplied.

Hooker.

2. Want of power or skill; inability; incapacity; incompetency; as, the insufficiency of a man for an office.

In`suf*fi"cient (?), a. [L. insufficiens, -entis. See In- not, and Sufficient.]

1. Not sufficient; not enough; inadequate to any need, use, or purpose; as, the provisions are insufficient in quantity, and defective in quality. "Insufficient for His praise." Cowper.

2. Wanting in strength, power, ability, capacity, or skill; incompetent; incapable; unfit; as, a person insufficient to discharge the duties of an office.