Chapter 29

2. A pigment. See India ink, under India.

Ordinarily, black ink is made from nutgalls and a solution of some salt of iron, and consists essentially of a tannate or gallate of iron; sometimes indigo sulphate, or other coloring matter, is added. Other black inks contain potassium chromate, and extract of logwood, salts of vanadium, etc. Blue ink is usually a solution of Prussian blue. Red ink was formerly made from carmine (cochineal), Brazil wood, etc., but potassium eosin is now used. Also red, blue, violet, and yellow inks are largely made from aniline dyes. Indelible ink is usually a weak solution of silver nitrate, but carbon in the form of lampblack or India ink, salts of molybdenum, vanadium, etc., are also used. Sympathetic inks may be made of milk, salts of cobalt, etc. See Sympathetic ink (below).

Copying ink, a peculiar ink used for writings of which copies by impression are to be taken. -- Ink bag (Zoöl.), an ink sac. - - Ink berry. (Bot.) (a) A shrub of the Holly family (Ilex glabra), found in sandy grounds along the coast from New England to Florida, and producing a small black berry. (b) The West Indian indigo berry. See Indigo. -- Ink plant (Bot.), a New Zealand shrub (Coriaria thymifolia), the berries of which yield a juice which forms an ink. -- Ink powder, a powder from which ink is made by solution. -- Ink sac (Zoöl.), an organ, found in most cephalopods, containing an inky fluid which can be ejected from a duct opening at the base of the siphon. The fluid serves to cloud the water, and enable these animals to escape from their enemies. See Illust. of Dibranchiata. -- Printer's ink, or Printing ink. See under Printing. - - Sympathetic ink, a writing fluid of such a nature that what is written remains invisible till the action of a reagent on the characters makes it visible.

Ink, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inked (kt); p. pr. & vb. n. Inking.] To put ink upon; to supply with ink; to blacken, color, or daub with ink.

Ink"er (?), n. One who, or that which, inks; especially, in printing, the pad or roller which inks the type.

Ink"fish` (?), n. A cuttlefish. See Cuttlefish.

Ink"horn` (?), n. [Ink + horn; cf. F. cornet à encre, G. dintenhorn.] A small bottle of horn or other material formerly used for holding ink; an inkstand; a portable case for writing materials. "With a writer's inkhorn by his side." Ezek. ix. 2.

From his pocket the notary drew his papers and inkhorn.

Longfellow.

Ink"horn", a. Learned; pedantic; affected. [Obs.] "Inkhorn terms." Bale.

Ink"horn`ism (?), n. Pedantry. Sir T. Wilson.

Ink"i*ness (?), n. [From Inky.] The state or quality of being inky; blackness.

Ink"ing, a. Supplying or covering with ink.

Inking roller, a somewhat elastic roller, used to spread ink over forms of type, copperplates, etc. -- Inking trough or table, a trough or table from which the inking roller receives its ink.

In"kle (?), n. [Prob.the same word as lingle, the first l being mistaken for the definite article in French. See Lingle.] A kind of tape or braid. Shak.

In"kle, v. t. [OE. inklen to hint; cf. Dan. ymte to whisper.] To guess. [Prov. Eng.] "She inkled what it was." R. D. Blackmore.

In"kling (?), n. A hint; an intimation.

The least inkling or glimpse of this island.

Bacon.

They had some inkling of secret messages.

Clarendon.

In"knee` (?), n. Same as Knock- knee.

In"kneed` (?), a. See Knock- kneed.

In*knot" (?), v. t. To fasten or bind, as with a knot; to knot together. Fuller.

Ink"stand` (?), n. A small vessel for holding ink, to dip the pen into; also, a device for holding ink and writing materials.

Ink"stone" (?), n. A kind of stone containing native vitriol or sulphate of iron, used in making ink.

Ink"y (?), a. Consisting of, or resembling, ink; soiled with ink; black. "Inky blots." Shak. "Its inky blackness." Boyle.

In*lace" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inlaced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inlacing (?).] [Pref. in- + lace: cf. OE. enlacen to entangle, involve, OF. enlacier, F. enlacer. See Lace, and cf. Enlace.] To work in, as lace; to embellish with work resembling lace; also, to lace or enlace. P. Fletcher.

In"la*ga"tion (?), n. [Law L. inlagatio, fr. inlagare to restore to law. See In, and Law.] (Old Eng. Law) The restitution of an outlawed person to the protection of the law; inlawing. Bouvier.

In*laid" (?), p. p. of Inlay.

In"land (?), a. 1. Within the land; more or less remote from the ocean or from open water; interior; as, an inland town. "This wide inland sea." Spenser.

From inland regions to the distant main.

Cowper.

2. Limited to the land, or to inland routes; within the seashore boundary; not passing on, or over, the sea; as, inland transportation, commerce, navigation, etc.

3. Confined to a country or state; domestic; not foreign; as, an inland bill of exchange. See Exchange.

In"land, n. The interior part of a country. Shak.

In"land, adv. Into, or towards, the interior, away from the coast. Cook.

The greatest waves of population have rolled inland from the east.

S. Turner.

In"land*er (?), n. One who lives in the interior of a country, or at a distance from the sea. Sir T. Browne.

In"land*ish, a. Inland. [Obs.] T. Reeve(1657)

In*lap"i*date (?), v. t. [Pref. in- in + L. lapis, lapidis, stone.] To convert into a stony substance; to petrify. [R.] Bacon.

In*lard" (?), v. t. See Enlard.

In*law" (?), v. t. [In + law. Cf. Inlagation.] (Old Eng. Law) To clear of outlawry or attainder; to place under the protection of the law. Burrill.

In*lay" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inlaied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inlaying.] To lay within; hence, to insert, as pieces of pearl, ivory, choice woods, or the like, in a groundwork of some other material; to form an ornamental surface; to diversify or adorn with insertions.

Look, how the floor of heaven Is thick inlaid with patines of bright gold.

Shak.

But these things are . . . borrowed by the monks to inlay their story.

Milton.

In"lay` (?), n. Matter or pieces of wood, ivory, etc., inlaid, or prepared for inlaying; that which is inserted or inlaid for ornament or variety.

Crocus and hyacinth with rich inlay Broidered the ground.

Milton.

The sloping of the moonlit sward Was damask work, and deep inlay Of braided blooms.

Tennyson.

In*lay"er (?), n. One who inlays, or whose occupation it is to inlay.

In*league" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inleagued (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inleaguing (?).] To ally, or form an alliance with; to unite; to combine.

With a willingness inleague our blood With his, for purchase of full growth in friendship.

Ford.

In*lea"guer (?), v. t. To beleaguer. Holland.

In"let (?), n. 1. A passage by which an inclosed place may be entered; a place of ingress; entrance.

Doors and windows, inlets of men and of light.

Sir H. Wotton.

2. A bay or recess, as in the shore of a sea, lake, or large river; a narrow strip of water running into the land or between islands.

3. That which is let in or inlaid; an inserted material.

Inlet is also used adjectively, as in inlet pipe, inlet valve, etc.

In*light"en (?), v. t. See Enlighten.

In*list" (?), v. t. See Enlist.

In*live" (?), v. t. To animate. [R.] B. Jonson.

In*lock" (?), v. t. To lock in, or inclose.

||In lo"co (?). [L.] In the place; in the proper or natural place. || In*lu"mine (?), v. t. [Obs.] See Illumine.

In"ly (?), a. [OE. inlich, AS. inlc. See In.] Internal; interior; secret.

Didst thou but know the inly touch of love.

Shak.

In"ly, adv. Internally; within; in the heart. "Whereat he inly raged." Milton.

In"ma*cy (?), n. [From Inmate.] The state of being an inmate. [R.] Craig.

In"mate` (n"mt`), n. [In + mate an associate.] One who lives in the same house or apartment with another; a fellow lodger; esp., one of the occupants of an asylum, hospital, or prison; by extension, one who occupies or lodges in any place or dwelling.

So spake the enemy of mankind, inclos'd In serpent, inmate bad.

Milton.

In"mate`, a. Admitted as a dweller; resident; internal. [R.] "Inmate guests." Milton.

In"meats` (?), n. pl. The edible viscera of animals, as the heart, liver, etc.

In*mesh" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inmeshed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inmeshing.] To bring within meshes, as of a net; to enmesh.

In*mew" (?), v. t. [Cf.Emmew, Immew.] To inclose, as in a mew or cage. [R.] "Inmew the town below." Beau. & Fl.

In"most` (?), a. [OE. innemest, AS. innemest, a double superlative form fr. inne within, fr. in in. The modern form is due to confusion with most. See In, and cf. Aftermost, Foremost, Innermost.] Deepest within; farthest from the surface or external part; innermost.

And pierce the inmost center of the earth.

Shak.

The silent, slow, consuming fires, Which on my inmost vitals prey.

Addison.

Inn (?), n. [AS. in, inn, house, chamber, inn, from AS. in in; akin to Icel. inni house. See In.] 1. A place of shelter; hence, dwelling; habitation; residence; abode. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Therefore with me ye may take up your inn For this same night.

Spenser.

2. A house for the lodging and entertainment of travelers or wayfarers; a tavern; a public house; a hotel.

As distinguished from a private boarding house, an inn is a house for the entertainment of all travelers of good conduct and means of payment, as guests for a brief period, not as lodgers or boarders by contract.

The miserable fare and miserable lodgment of a provincial inn.

W. Irving.

3. The town residence of a nobleman or distinguished person; as, Leicester Inn. [Eng.]

4. One of the colleges (societies or buildings) in London, for students of the law barristers; as, the Inns of Court; the Inns of Chancery; Serjeants' Inns.

Inns of chancery (Eng.), colleges in which young students formerly began their law studies, now occupied chiefly by attorneys, solicitors, etc. -- Inns of court (Eng.), the four societies of "students and practicers of the law of England" which in London exercise the exclusive right of admitting persons to practice at the bar; also, the buildings in which the law students and barristers have their chambers. They are the Inner Temple, the Middle Temple, Lincoln's Inn, and Gray's Inn.

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Inn (n), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Inned (nd); p. pr. & vb. n. Inning.] To take lodging; to lodge. [R.] Addison.

Inn, v. t. 1. To house; to lodge. [Obs.]

When he had brought them into his city And inned them, everich at his degree.

Chaucer.

2. To get in; to in. See In, v. t.

In"nate (n"nt or n*nt"; 277), a. [L. innatus; pref. in- in + natus born, p. p. of nasci to be born. See Native.] 1. Inborn; native; natural; as, innate vigor; innate eloquence.

2. (Metaph.) Originating in, or derived from, the constitution of the intellect, as opposed to acquired from experience; as, innate ideas. See A priori, Intuitive.

There is an innate light in every man, discovering to him the first lines of duty in the common notions of good and evil.

South.

Men would not be guilty if they did not carry in their mind common notions of morality, innate and written in divine letters.

Fleming (Origen).

If I could only show, as I hope I shall . . . how men, barely by the use of their natural faculties, may attain to all the knowledge they have, without the help of any innate impressions; and may arrive at certainty without any such original notions or principles.

Locke.

3. (Bot.) Joined by the base to the very tip of a filament; as, an innate anther. Gray.

Innate ideas (Metaph.), ideas, as of God, immortality, right and wrong, supposed by some to be inherent in the mind, as a priori principles of knowledge.

In*nate" (?), v. t. To cause to exit; to call into being. [Obs.] "The first innating cause." Marston.

In"nate*ly (?), adv. Naturally.

In"nate*ness, n. The quality of being innate.

In*na"tive (?), a. Native. [Obs.] Chapman.

In*nav"i*ga*ble (?), a. [L. innavigabilis : cf. F. innavigable. See In- not, and Navigable.] Incapable of being navigated; impassable by ships or vessels. Drygen. -- In*nav"i*ga*bly, adv.

Inne (?), adv. & prep. In. [Obs.]

And eke in what array that they were inne.

Chaucer.

In"ner (n"nr), a. [AS. innera, a compar. fr. inne within, fr. in in. See In.] 1. Further in; interior; internal; not outward; as, an inner chamber.

2. Of or pertaining to the spirit or its phenomena.

This attracts the soul, Governs the inner man, the nobler part.

Milton.

3. Not obvious or easily discovered; obscure.

Inner house (Scot.), the first and second divisions of the court of Session at Edinburgh; also, the place of their sittings. -- Inner jib (Naut.), a fore-and-aft sail set on a stay running from the fore-topmast head to the jib boom. -- Inner plate (Arch.), the wall plate which lies nearest to the center of the roof, in a double-plated roof. -- Inner post (Naut.), a piece brought on at the fore side of the main post, to support the transoms. -- Inner square (Carp.), the angle formed by the inner edges of a carpenter's square.

In"ner*ly, adv. More within. [Obs.] Baret.

In"ner*most` (-mst`), a. [A corruption of inmost due to influence of inner. See Inmost.] Farthest inward; most remote from the outward part; inmost; deepest within. Prov. xviii. 8.

In"ner*most`ly, adv. In the innermost place. [R.]

His ebon cross worn innermostly.

Mrs. Browning.

In*ner"vate (n*nr"vt), v. t. [See Innerve.] (Anat.) To supply with nerves; as, the heart is innervated by pneumogastric and sympathetic branches.

In`ner*va"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. innervation.] 1. The act of innerving or stimulating.

2. (Physiol.) Special activity excited in any part of the nervous system or in any organ of sense or motion; the nervous influence necessary for the maintenance of life, and the functions of the various organs.

3. (Anat.) The distribution of nerves in an animal, or to any of its parts.

In*nerve" (n*nrv"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Innerved (- nrvd"); p. pr. & vb. n. Innerving.] [Pref. in- in + nerve.] To give nervous energy or power to; to give increased energy, force, or courage to; to invigorate; to stimulate.

Inn"hold`er (?), n. One who keeps an inn.

In"ning (?), n. [AS. innung, fr. in in, prep. & adv.] 1. Ingathering; harvesting. [Obs.] Holland.

2. The state or turn of being in; specifically, in cricket, baseball, etc., the turn or time of a player or of a side at the bat; -- often in the pl. Hence: The turn or time of a person, or a party, in power; as, the Whigs went out, and the Democrats had their innings.

3. pl. Lands recovered from the sea. Ainsworth.

In*ni"ten*cy (?), n. [L. inniti, p. p. innixus, to lean upon; pref. in- in, on + niti to lean.] A leaning; pressure; weight. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

In*nix"ion (?), n. [See Innitency.] Act of leaning upon something; incumbency. [Obs.] Derham.

Inn"keep`er (?), n. An innholder.

In"no*cence (?), n. [F. innocence, L. innocentia. See Innocent.] 1. The state or quality of being innocent; freedom from that which is harmful or infurious; harmlessness.

2. The state or quality of being morally free from guilt or sin; purity of heart; blamelessness.

The silence often of pure innocence Persuades when speaking fails.

Shak.

Banished from man's life his happiest life, Simplicity and spotless innocence!

Milton.

3. The state or quality of being not chargeable for, or guilty of, a particular crime or offense; as, the innocence of the prisoner was clearly shown.

4. Simplicity or plainness, bordering on weakness or silliness; artlessness; ingenuousness. Chaucer. Shak.

Syn. -- Harmlessness; innocuousness; blamelessness; purity; sinlessness; guiltlessness.

In"no*cen*cy (?), n. Innocence.

In"no*cent (?), a. [F. innocent, L. innocens, -entis; pref. in- not + nocens, p. pr. of nocere to harm, hurt. See Noxious.] 1. Not harmful; free from that which can injure; innoxious; innocuous; harmless; as, an innocent medicine or remedy.

The spear Sung innocent, and spent its force in air.

Pope.

2. Morally free from guilt; guiltless; not tainted with sin; pure; upright.

To offer up a weak, poor, innocent lamb.

Shak.

I have sinned in that I have betrayed the innocent blood.

Matt. xxvii. 4.

The aidless, innocent lady, his wished prey.

Milton.

3. Free from the guilt of a particular crime or offense; as, a man is innocent of the crime charged.

Innocent from the great transgression.

Ps. xix. 13.

4. Simple; artless; foolish. Shak.

5. Lawful; permitted; as, an innocent trade.

6. Not contraband; not subject to forfeiture; as, innocent goods carried to a belligerent nation.

Innocent party (Law), a party who has not notice of a fact tainting a litigated transaction with illegality.

Syn. -- Harmless; innoxious; innoffensive; guiltless; spotless; immaculate; pure; unblamable; blameless; faultless; guileless; upright.

In"no*cent, n. 1. An innocent person; one free from, or unacquainted with, guilt or sin. Shak.

2. An unsophisticated person; hence, a child; a simpleton; an idiot. B. Jonson.

In Scotland a natural fool was called an innocent.

Sir W. Scott.

Innocents' day (Eccl.), Childermas day.

In"no*cent*ly, adv. In an innocent manner.

In"no*cu"i*ty (?), n. Innocuousness.

In*noc"u*ous (?), a. [L. innocuus; in- not + nocuus hurtful, fr. nocere to hurt. See Innocent.] Harmless; producing no ill effect; innocent.

A patient, innocuous, innocent man.

Burton.

-- In*noc"u*ous*ly, adv. -- In*noc"u*ous*ness, n.

Where the salt sea innocuously breaks.

Wordsworth.

In"no*date (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Innodated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Innodating (?).] [L. innodatus, p. p. of innodare; pref. in- in + nodus knot.] To bind up, as in a knot; to include. [Obs.] Fuller.

In*nom"i*na*ble (?), a. [L. innominabilis; pref. in- not + nominare to name: cf. F. innominable.] Not to be named. [R.] Testament of Love.

In*nom"i*nate (?), a. [L. innominatus; pref. in- not + nominare to name.] 1. Having no name; unnamed; as, an innominate person or place. [R.] Ray.

2. (Anat.) A term used in designating many parts otherwise unnamed; as, the innominate artery, a great branch of the arch of the aorta; the innominate vein, a great branch of the superior vena cava.

Innominate bone (Anat.), the great bone which makes a lateral half of the pelvis in mammals; hip bone; haunch bone; huckle bone. It is composed of three bones, ilium, ischium, and pubis, consolidated into one in the adult, though separate in the fetus, as also in many adult reptiles and amphibians. -- Innominate contracts (Law), in the Roman law, contracts without a specific name.

In"no*vate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Innovated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Innovating (?).] [L. innovatus, p. p. of innovare to revew; pref. in- in + novare to make new, fr. novus new. See New.] 1. To bring in as new; to introduce as a novelty; as, to innovate a word or an act. [Archaic]

2. To change or alter by introducing something new; to remodel; to revolutionize. [Archaic] Burton.

From his attempts upon the civil power, he proceeds to innovate God's worship.

South.

In"no*vate, v. i. To introduce novelties or changes; -- sometimes with in or on. Bacon.

Every man, therefore, is not fit to innovate.

Dryden.

In`no*va"tion (?), n. [L. innovatio; cf. F. innovation.] 1. The act of innovating; introduction of something new, in customs, rites, etc. Dryden.

2. A change effected by innovating; a change in customs; something new, and contrary to established customs, manners, or rites. Bacon.

The love of things ancient doth argue stayedness, but levity and want of experience maketh apt unto innovations.

Hooker.

3. (Bot.) A newly formed shoot, or the annually produced addition to the stems of many mosses.

In`no*va"tion*ist, n. One who favors innovation.

In"no*va*tive (?), a. Characterized by, or introducing, innovations. Fitzed. Hall.

In"no*va`tor (?), n. [Cf. F. innovateur.] One who innovates. Shak.

In*nox"ious (?), a. [L. innoxius. See In- not, and Noxious.] 1. Free from hurtful qualities or effects; harmless. "Innoxious flames." Sir K. Digby.

2. Free from crime; pure; innocent. Pope.

-- In*nox`ious*ly, adv. -- In*nox"ious*ness, n.

In*nu"bi*lous (?), a. [L. innubilus. See Nubilous.] Cloudless. [Obs.] Blount.

In`nu*en"do (?), n.; pl. Innuedoes(&?;). [L., by intimation, by hinting, gerund of innuere, innutum, to give a nod, to intimate; pref. in- in, to + -nuere (in comp.) to nod. See Nutation.] 1. An oblique hint; a remote allusion or reference, usually derogatory to a person or thing not named; an insinuation.

Mercury . . . owns it a marriage by an innuendo.

Dryden.

Pursue your trade of scandal picking; Your innuendoes, when you tell us, That Stella loves to talk with fellows.

Swift.

2. (Law) An averment employed in pleading, to point the application of matter otherwise unintelligible; an interpretative parenthesis thrown into quoted matter to explain an obscure word or words; -- as, the plaintiff avers that the defendant said that he (innuendo the plaintiff) was a thief. Wharton.

The term is so applied from having been the introductory word of this averment or parenthetic explanation when pleadings were in Latin. The word "meaning" is used as its equivalent in modern forms.

Syn. -- Insinuation; suggestion; hint; intimation; reference; allusion; implication; representation; -- Innuendo, Insinuation. An innuendo is an equivocal allusion so framed as to point distinctly at something which is injurious to the character or reputation of the person referred to. An insinuation turns on no such double use of language, but consists in artfully winding into the mind imputations of an injurious nature without making any direct charge.

In"nu*ent (?), a. [L. innuens, p. pr.] Conveying a hint; significant. [Obs.] Burton.

In"nu*it, n. [Native name.] (Ethnol.) An Eskimo.

In*nu`mer*a*bil"i*ty (?), n. [L. innumerabilitas.] State of being innumerable. Fotherby.

In*nu`mer*a*ble (?), a. [L. innumerabilis : cf. F. innumefable. See In- not, and Numerable.] Not capable of being counted, enumerated, or numbered, for multitude; countless; numberless; unnumbered, hence, indefinitely numerous; of great number.

Innumerable as the stars of night.

Milton.

-- In*nu"mer*a*ble*ness, n. -- In*nu"mer*a*bly, adv.

In*nu"mer*ous (?), a. [L. innumerosus, innumerus. See Numerous.] Innumerable. [Archaic] Milton.

In`nu*tri"tion (?), n. Want of nutrition; failure of nourishment. E. Darwin.

In`nu*tri"tious (?), a. Not nutritious; not furnishing nourishment.

In*nu"tri*tive (?), a. Innutritious.

Inn"yard` (?), n. The yard adjoining an inn.

In`o*be"di*ence (?), n. [L. inoboedientia : cf. F. inobedience.] Disobedience. [Obs.] Wyclif. Chaucer.

In`o*be"di*ent (?), a. [L. inoboediens, p. pr. of inoboedire : cf. F. inobedient. See Obedient.] Not obedient; disobedient. [Obs.] Chaucer.

-- In`o*be"di*ent*ly, adv. [Obs.]

In`ob*serv"a*ble (?), a. [L. inobservabilis : cf. F. inobservable. See In- not, and Observable.] Not observable.

In`ob*serv"ance (?), a. [L. inobservantia : cf. F. inobservance.] Want or neglect of observance. Bacon.

In`ob*serv"ant (?), a. [L. inobservans. See In- not, and Observant.] Not observant; regardless; heedless. Bp. Hurd.

-- In`ob*serv"ant*ly, adv.

In*ob`ser*va"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. inobservation.] Neglect or want of observation. [R.]

In`ob*tru"sive (?), a. Not obtrusive; unobtrusive.

-- In`ob*tru"sive*ly, adv. -- In`ob*tru"sive*ness, n.

In`o*car"pin (?), n. [Gr. 'i`s, 'ino`s, muscle + karpo`s fruit.] (Chem.) A red, gummy, coloring matter, extracted from the colorless juice of the Otaheite chestnut (Inocarpus edulis).

In*oc`cu*pa"tion, n. Want of occupation.

||In`o*cer"a*mus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. 'i`s, 'ino`s, a muscle + &?; an ||earthen vessel.] (Paleon.) An extinct genus of large, fossil, bivalve ||shells, allied to the mussels. The genus is characteristic of the ||Cretaceous period. || In*oc`u*la*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being inoculable.

In*oc"u*la*ble (?), a. [See Inoculate.] Capable of being inoculated; capable of communicating disease, or of being communicated, by inoculation.