Chapter 26

2. (Bot.) (a) The mode of flowering, or the general arrangement and disposition of the flowers with reference to the axis, and to each other. (b) An axis on which all the buds are flower buds.

Inflorescence affords an excellent characteristic mark in distinguishing the species of plants.

Milne.

Centrifugal inflorescence, determinate inflorescence. -- Centripetal inflorescence, indeterminate inflorescence. See under Determinate, and Indeterminate.

In*flow" (?), v. i. To flow in. Wiseman.

In"flu*ence (n"fl*ens), n. [F. influence, fr. L. influens, -entis, p. pr. See Influent, and cf. Influenza.] 1. A flowing in or upon; influx. [Obs.]

God hath his influence into the very essence of all things.

Hooker.

2. Hence, in general, the bringing about of an effect, physical or moral, by a gradual process; controlling power quietly exerted; agency, force, or tendency of any kind which affects, modifies, or sways; as, the influence which the sun exerts on animal and vegetable life; the influence of education on the mind; the influence, according to astrologers, of the stars over affairs.

Astrologers call the evil influences of the stars, evil aspects.

Bacon.

Canst thou bind the sweet influences of Pleiades, or loose the bands of Orion?

Job xxxviii. 31.

She said : "Ah, dearest lord! what evil star On you hath frown'd, and poured, his influence bad?"

Spenser.

3. Power or authority arising from elevated station, excelence of character or intellect, wealth, etc.; reputation; acknowledged ascendency; as, he is a man of influence in the community.

Such influence hath your excellency.

Sir P. Sidney.

4. (Elec.) Induction.

Syn. -- Control; persuasion; ascendency; sway; power; authority; supremacy; mastery; management; restraint; character; reputation; prestige.

In"flu*ence, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Influenced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Influencing (?).] To control or move by power, physical or moral; to affect by gentle action; to exert an influence upon; to modify, bias, or sway; to move; to persuade; to induce.

These experiments succeed after the same manner in vacuo as in the open air, and therefore are not influenced by the weight or pressure of the atmosphere.

Sir I. Newton.

This standing revelation . . . is sufficient to influence their faith and practice, if they attend.

Attebury.

The principle which influenced their obedience has lost its efficacy.

Rogers.

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In"flu*en*cer (n"fl*en*sr), n. One who, or that which, influences.

In"flu*en*cive (-sv), a. Tending to influence; influential.

In"flu*ent (-ent), a. [L. influens, -entis, p. pr. of influere, influxum, to flow in; pref. in- in + fluere to flow. See Fluid.] 1. Flowing in. "With influent tide." Cowper. "Influent odors." Mrs. Browning.

2. Exerting influence; influential. [Obs.]

I find no office by name assigned unto Dr. Cox, who was virtually influent upon all, and most active.

Fuller.

In`flu*en"tial (n`fl*n"shal), a. [See Influence.] Exerting or possessing influence or power; potent; efficacious; effective; strong; having authority or ascendency; as, an influential man, station, argument, etc.

A very influential Gascon prefix.

Earle.

In`flu*en"tial*ly, adv. In an influential manner.

In`flu*en"za (?), n. [It. influenza influence, an epidemic formerly attributed by astrologers to the influence of the heavenly bodies, influenza. See Influence.] (Med.) An epidemic affection characterized by acute nasal catarrh, or by inflammation of the throat or the bronchi, and usually accompanied by fever.

In"flux` (?), n. [L. influxus, fr. influere, influxum, to flow in: cf. F. influx. See Influent.] 1. The act of flowing in; as, an influx of light.

2. A coming in; infusion; intromission; introduction; importation in abundance; also, that which flows or comes in; as, a great influx of goods into a country, or an influx of gold and silver.

The influx of food into the Celtic region, however, was far from keeping pace with the influx of consumers.

Macaulau.

The general influx of Greek into modern languages.

Earle.

3. Influence; power. [Obs.] Sir M. Hale.

In*flux"ion (?), n. [L. influxio : cf. F. influxion.] A flowing in; infusion. [R.] Bacon.

In*flux"ious (?), a. Influential. [Obs.]

In*flux"ive (?), a. Having a tendency to flow in; having influence; influential. [R.] Holdsworth.

In*flux"ive*ly, adv. By influxion. [R.]

In*fold" (?n-f?ld\'b6), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Infolded; p. pr. & vb. n. Infolding.] [Pref. in- in + fold.] [Written also enfold.] 1. To wrap up or cover with folds; to envelop; to inwrap; to inclose; to involve.

Gilded tombs do worms infold.

Shak.

Infold his limbs in bands.

Blackmore.

2. To clasp with the arms; to embrace.

Noble Banquo, . . . let me infold thee, And hold thee to my heart.

Shak.

In*fold"ment (?), n. The act of infolding; the state of being infolded.

In*fo"li*ate (?), v. t. [Pref. in- in + L. folium leaf.] To cover or overspread with, or as with, leaves. [R.] Howell.

In*form" (?), a. [L. informis; pref. in- not + forma form, shape: cf. F. informe] Without regular form; shapeless; ugly; deformed. Cotton.

In*form", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Informed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Informing.] [OE. enformen, OF. enformer, F. informer. L. informare; pref. in- in + formare to form, share, fr. forma form. See Form.] 1. To give form or share to; to give vital or organizing power to; to give life to; to imbue and actuate with vitality; to animate; to mold; to figure; to fashion. "The informing Word." Coleridge.

Let others better mold the running mass Of metals, and inform the breathing brass.

Dryden.

Breath informs this fleeting frame.

Prior.

Breathes in our soul, informs our mortal part.

Pope.

2. To communicate knowledge to; to make known to; to acquaint; to advise; to instruct; to tell; to notify; to enlighten; -- usually followed by of.

For he would learn their business secretly, And then inform his master hastily.

Spenser.

I am informed thoroughly of the cause.

Shak.

3. To communicate a knowledge of facts to, by way of accusation; to warn against anybody.

Tertullus . . . informed the governor against Paul.

Acts xxiv. 1.

Syn. -- To acquaint; apprise; tell; teach; instruct; enlighten; animate; fashion.

In*form", v. t. 1. To take form; to become visible or manifest; to appear. [Obs.]

It is the bloody business which informs Thus to mine eyes.

Shak.

2. To give intelligence or information; to tell. Shak.

He might either teach in the same manner, or inform how he had been taught.

Monthly Rev.

To inform against, to communicate facts by way of accusation against; to denounce; as, two persons came to the magistrate, and informed against A.

In*form"al (?), a. [Pref. in- not + formal.] 1. Not in the regular, usual, or established form; not according to official, conventional, prescribed, or customary forms or rules; irregular; hence, without ceremony; as, an informal writing, proceeding, or visit.

2. Deranged in mind; out of one's senses. [Obs.]

These poor informal women.

Shak.

In`for*mal"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Informalities (&?;). 1. The state of being informal; want of regular, prescribed, or customary form; as, the informality of legal proceedings.

2. An informal, unconventional, or unofficial act or proceeding; something which is not in proper or prescribed form or does not conform to the established rule.

In*form"al*ly (?), adv. In an informal manner.

In*form"ant (?), n. [L. informans, -antis, p. pr. of informare. See Inform, v. t.] 1. One who, or that which, informs, animates, or vivifies. [Obs.] Glanvill.

2. One who imparts information or instruction.

3. One who offers an accusation; an informer. See Informer. [Obs. or R.]

It was the last evidence of the kind; the informant was hanged.

Burke.

In`for*ma"tion (?), n. [F., fr. L. informatio representation, conception. See Inform, v. t.] 1. The act of informing, or communicating knowledge or intelligence.

The active informations of the intellect.

South.

2. News, advice, or knowledge, communicated by others or obtained by personal study and investigation; intelligence; knowledge derived from reading, observation, or instruction.

Larger opportunities of information.

Rogers.

He should get some information in the subject he intends to handle.

Swift.

3. (Law) A proceeding in the nature of a prosecution for some offense against the government, instituted and prosecuted, really or nominally, by some authorized public officer on behalf of the government. It differs from an indictment in criminal cases chiefly in not being based on the finding of a grand jury. See Indictment.

In*form"a*tive (?), a. Having power to inform, animate, or vivify. Dr. H. More.

In*form"a*to*ry (?), a. Full of, or conveying, information; instructive. [R.] London Spectator.

In*formed" (?n-f?rmd\'b6), a. Unformed or ill-formed; deformed; shapeless. [Obs.] Spenser.

Informed stars. See under Unformed.

In*form"er (?), n. [From Inform, v.] 1. One who informs, animates, or inspires. [Obs.] Thomson.

Nature, informer of the poet's art.

Pope.

2. One who informs, or imparts knowledge or news.

3. (Law) One who informs a magistrate of violations of law; one who informs against another for violation of some law or penal statute.

Common informer (Law), one who habitually gives information of the violation of penal statutes, with a view to a prosecution therefor. Bouvier. Wharton.

In*for"mi*da*ble (?), a. [L. informidabilis. See In- not, and Formidable.] Not formidable; not to be feared or dreaded. [Obs.] "Foe not informidable." Milton.

In*form"i*ty (?), n. [L. informitas. See Inform, a.] Want of regular form; shapelessness. [Obs.]

In*form"ous (?), a. [See Inform, a.] Of irregular form; shapeless. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

In*for"tu*nate (?), a. [L. infortunatus.] Unlucky; unfortunate. [Obs.] Shak.

"A most infortunate chance."

Howell.

-- In*for"tu*nate*ly, adv. [Obs.]

In*for"tune (?), n. [L. infortunium. See In- not, and Fortune.] Misfortune. [Obs.] Chaucer.

In*for"tuned (?), a. Unfortunate. [Obs.]

I, woeful wretch and infortuned wight.

Chaucer.

In*found" (?), v. t. [L. infundere to pour in. See Infuse.] To pour in; to infuse. [Obs.] Sir T. More.

||In*"fra (?), adv. [L. Cf. Inferior.] Below; beneath; under; after; -- ||often used as a prefix. || In`fra-ax"il*la*ry (?), a. [Infra + axillary.] (Bot.) Situated below the axil, as a bud.

In`fra*bran"chi*al (?), a. [Infra + branchial.] (Zoöl.) Below the gills; -- applied to the ventral portion of the pallial chamber in the lamellibranchs.

In`fra*cla*vic"u*lar (?), a. [Infra + clavicular.] (Anat.) Below the clavicle; as, the infraclavicular fossa.

In*fract" (?n-frkt\'b6), a. [L. infractus; pref. in- not + fractus. p. p. of frangere to break.] Not broken or fractured; unharmed; whole. [Obs.] Chapman.

In*fract", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Infracted; p. pr. & vb. n. Infracting.] [L. infractus, p. p. of of infringere. See Infringe.] To break; to infringe. [R.] Thomson.

In*fract"i*ble (?), a. Capable of being broken.[R.]

In*frac"tion (?), n. [L. infractio: cf. F. infraction.] The act of infracting or breaking; breach; violation; nonobservance; infringement; as, an infraction of a treaty, compact, rule, or law. I. Watts.

In*fract"or (?), n. [Cf. F. infracteur.] One who infracts or infringes; a violator; a breaker.

In*fra"grant (?), a. Not fragrant.

In`fra*hy"oid (?), a. [Infra + hyoid.] (Anat.) Same as Hyosternal (a).

In`fra*la"bi*al (?), a. (Zoöl.) Below the lower lip; -- said of certain scales of reptiles and fishes.

In`fra*lap*sa"ri*an (?), n. [Infra + lapse: cf. F. infralapsaire. See Lapse.] (Eccl. Hist.) One of that class of Calvinists who consider the decree of election as contemplating the apostasy as past and the elect as being at the time of election in a fallen and guilty state; -- opposed to Supralapsarian. The former considered the election of grace as a remedy for an existing evil; the latter regarded the fall as a part of God's original purpose in regard to men.

In`fra*lap*sa"ri*an, a. (Theol.) Of or pertaining to the Infralapsarians, or to their doctrine.

In`fra*lap*sa"ri*an*ism (?), n. (Theor.) The doctrine, belief, or principles of the Infralapsarians.

In`fra*mar"gin*al (?), a. [Infra + marginal.] Below the margin; submarginal; as, an inframarginal convolution of the brain.

In`fra*max"il*la*ry (?), a. [Infra + maxillary.] (Anat.) (a) Under the lower jaw; submaxillary; as, the inframaxillary nerve. (b) Of or pertaining to the lower iaw.

In`fra*me"di*an (?), a. [Infra + median.] (Zoölogical Geog.) Of or pertaining to the interval or zone along the sea bottom, at the depth of between fifty and one hundred fathoms. E. Forbes.

In`fra*mun"dane (?), a. [Infra + mundane.] Lying or situated beneath the world.

In*fran"chise (?), v. t. See Enfranchise.

In*fran`gi*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being infrangible; infrangibleness.

In*fran"gi*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + grangible: cf. F. infrangible.] 1. Not capable of being broken or separated into parts; as, infrangible atoms.

[He] link'd their fetlocks with a golden band Infrangible.

Pope.

2. Not to be infringed or violated.

In*fran"gi*ble*ness, n. The state or quality of being infrangible; infrangibility.

In`fra*oc"u*lar (?), a. [Infra + ocular.] (Zoöl.) Situated below the eyes, as the antenna of certain insects.

In`fra*or"bit*al (?), a. [Infra + orbital.] (Anat.) Below the orbit; as, the infraorbital foramen; the infraorbital nerve.

In`fra*pose" (?), v. t. [Infra + pose.] To place under or beneath. [R.]

In`fra*po*si"tion (?), n. [Infra + position.] A situation or position beneath. Kane.

In`fra*scap"u*lar (?), a. [Infra + scapular.] (Anat.) Beneath the scapula, or shoulder blade; subscapular.

In`fra*spi"nal (?), a. [Infra + spinal.] (Anat.) (a) Below the vertebral column, subvertebral. (b) Below the spine; infraspinate; infraspinous.

{ In`fra*spi"nate (?), In`fra*spi*nous (?), } a. [Infra + spinate, spinous.] (Anat.) Below the spine; infraspinal; esp., below the spine of the scapula; as, the infraspinous fossa; the infraspinate muscle.

In`fra*sta*pe"di*al (?), a. [Infra + stapedial.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to a part of the columella of the ear, which in many animals projects below the connection with the stapes. -- n. The infrastapedial part of the columella.

In`fra*ster"nal (?), a. [Infra + sternal.] (Anat.) Below the sternum; as, the infrasternal depression, or pit of the stomach.

In`fra*tem"po*ral (?), a. [Infra + temporal.] (Anat.) Below the temple; below the temporal bone.

In`fra*ter"ri*to"ri*al (?), a. [Infra + territorial.] Within the territory of a state. Story.

In`fra*troch"le*ar (?), a. [Infra + trochlear.] (Anat.) Below a trochlea, or pulley; -- applied esp. to one of the subdivisions of the trigeminal nerve.

{ In*fre"quence (?), In*fre"quen*cy (?), } n. [L. infrequentia scantiness : cf. F. infrequence.] 1. The state of rarely occuring; uncommonness; rareness; as, the infrequence of his visits.

2. The state of not being frequented; solitude; isolation; retirement; seclusion. [R.]

The solitude and infrequency of the place.

Bp. Hall.

In*fre"quent (?), a. [L. infrequens : cf. F. infrequent. See In- not, and Frequent.] Seldom happening or occurring; rare; uncommon; unusual.

The act whereof is at this day infrequent or out of use among all sorts of men.

Sir T. Elyot.

In*fre"quent*ly (?), adv. Not frequently; rarely.

In*frig"i*date (?), v. t. [L. infrigidatus, p. p. of infrigidare to chill. See 1st In-, and Frigid.] To chill; to make cold; to cool. [Obs.] Boyle.

In*frig`i*da"tion (?), n. [L. infrigidatio.] The act of chilling or causing to become cold; a chilling; coldness; congelation. [Obs.] Boyle.

In*fringe" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Infringed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Infringing (?).] [L. infringere; pref. in- in + frangere to break. See Fraction, and cf. Infract .] 1. To break; to violate; to transgress; to neglect to fulfill or obey; as, to infringe a law or contract.

If the first that did the edict infringe, Had answered for his deed.

Shak.

The peace . . . was infringed by Appius Claudius.

Golding.

2. To hinder; to destroy; as, to infringe efficacy; to infringe delight or power. [Obs.] Hooker.

In*fringe", v. i. 1. To break, violate, or transgress some contract, rule, or law; to injure; to offend.

2. To encroach; to trespass; -- followed by on or upon; as, to infringe upon the rights of another.

In*fringe"ment (?), n. 1. The act of infringing; breach; violation; nonfulfillment; as, the infringement of a treaty, compact, law, or constitution.

The punishing of this infringement is proper to that jurisdiction against which the contempt is.

Clarendon.

2. An encroachment on a patent, copyright, or other special privilege; a trespass.

In*frin"ger (?), n. One who infringes or violates; a violator. Strype.

In*fruc"tu*ose" (?), a. [L. infructuosus. See In- not, and Fruit.] Not producing fruit; unfruitful; unprofitable. [R.] T. Adams.

In*fru"gal (?), a. Not frugal; wasteful; as, an infrugal expense of time. J. Goodman.

In`fru*gif"er*ous (?), a. Not bearing fruit; not fructiferous.

In`fu*cate (?), v. t. [L. infucatus painted; pref. in- in + fucare to paint, dye. See Fucate.] To stain; to paint; to daub.

In`fu*ca"tion (?), n. The act of painting or staining, especially of painting the face.

||In"fu*la (?), n.; pl. Infule (#). [L.] A sort of fillet worn by ||dignitaries, priests, and others among the ancient Romans. It was ||generally white. || In"fu*mate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Infumated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Infumating.] [L. infumatus, p. p. of infumare to infumate; pref. in- in + fumare to smoke, fr. fumus smoke.] To dry by exposing to smoke; to expose to smoke.

In"fu*ma`ted (?), a. (Zoöl.) Clouded; having a cloudy appearance.

In`fu*ma"tion (?), n. Act of drying in smoke.

In*fumed" (?), a. Dried in smoke; smoked.

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{ In`fun*dib"u*lar (?), In`fun*dib"u*late (?), } a. [See Infundibulum.] Having the form of a funnel; pertaining to an infundibulum.

Infundibulate Bryozoa (Zoöl.), a group of marine Bryozoa having a circular arrangement of the tentacles upon the disk.

In`fun*dib"u*li*form (?), a. [L. infundibulum funnel + -form: cf. F. infundibuliforme.] 1. Having the form of a funnel or cone; funnel-shaped.

2. (Bot.) Same as Funnelform.

||In`fun*dib"u*lum (?), n.; pl. L. Infundibula (#), E. Infundibulums ||(#). [L., a funnel, from infundere to pour in or into. See Infuse.] ||1. (Anat.) A funnel-shaped or dilated organ or part; as, the ||infundibulum of the brain, a hollow, conical process, connecting the ||floor of the third ventricle with the pituitary body; the infundibula ||of the lungs, the enlarged terminations of the bronchial tubes. || 2. (Zoöl.) (a) A central cavity in the Ctenophora, into which the gastric sac leads. (b) The siphon of Cephalopoda. See Cephalopoda.

In*fu"ner*al (?), v. t. To inter with funeral rites; to bury. [Obs.] G. Fletcher.

In`fur*ca"tion (?), n. [Pref. in- in + L. furca fork.] A forked expansion or divergence; a bifurcation; a branching. Craig.

In*fu"ri*ate (?), a. [It. infuriato, p. p. of infuriare. See Infuriate, v. t.] Enraged; raging; furiously angry; infuriated. Milton.

Inflamed beyond the most infuriate wrath.

Thomson.

In*fu"ri*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Infuriated (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n. Infuriating] [It. infuriato, p. p. of infuriare; pref. in- (L. in) + furia fury, L. furia. See Fury.] To render furious; to enrage; to exasperate.

Those curls of entangled snakes with which Erinys is said to have infuriated Athemas and Ino.

Dr. H. More.

In*fu"ri*a`ted (?), a. Enraged; furious.

In*fus"cate (?), v. t. [L. infuscatus, p. p. of infuscare; pref. in- in + fuscare to make dark, fr. fuscus dark.] To darken; to make black; to obscure.

In*fus"ca*ted (?), a. (Zoöl.) Darkened with a blackish tinge.

In`fus*ca"tion (?), n. The act of darkening, or state of being dark; darkness; obscurity. Johnson.

In*fuse" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Infused (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Infusing.] [L. infusus, p. p. of infundere to pour in or into; pref. in- in + fundere to pour: cf. F. infuser. See Found to cast.] 1. To pour in, as a liquid; to pour (into or upon); to shed.

That strong Circean liquor cease to infuse.

Denham.

2. To instill, as principles or qualities; to introduce.

That souls of animals infuse themselves Into the trunks of men.

Shak.

Why should he desire to have qualities infused into his son which himself never possessed?

Swift.

3. To inspire; to inspirit or animate; to fill; -- followed by with.

Infuse his breast with magnanimity.

Shak.

Infusing him with self and vain conceit.

Shak.

4. To steep in water or other fluid without boiling, for the propose of extracting medicinal qualities; to soak.

One scruple of dried leaves is infused in ten ounces of warm water.

Coxe.

5. To make an infusion with, as an ingredient; to tincture; to saturate. [R.] Bacon.

In*fuse, n. Infusion. [Obs.] Spenser.

In*fus"er (?), n. One who, or that which, infuses.

In*fu`si*bil"i*ty (?), n. [From Infuse.] Capability of being infused, poured in, or instilled.

In*fu`si*bil"i*ty, n. [Pref. in- not + fusibility: cf. F. infusibilité.] Incapability or difficulty of being fused, melted, or dissolved; as, the infusibility of carbon.

In*fu"si*ble (?), a. [From Infuse, v.] Capable of being infused.

Doctrines being infusible into all.

Hammond.

In*fu"si*ble, a. [Pref. in- not + fusible: cf. F. infusible.] Not fusible; incapable or difficult of fusion, or of being dissolved or melted. Sir T. Browne.

The best crucibles are made of Limoges earth, which seems absolutely infusible.

Lavoisier (Trans. ).

In*fu"si*ble*ness, n. Infusibility.

In*fu"sion (?), n. [L. infusio a pouring in: cf. F. infusion. See Infuse, v. t.] 1. The act of infusing, pouring in, or instilling; instillation; as, the infusion of good principles into the mind; the infusion of ardor or zeal.

Our language has received innumerable elegancies and improvements from that infusion of Hebraisms.

Addison.

2. That which is infused; suggestion; inspiration.

His folly and his wisdom are of his own growth, not the echo or infusion of other men.

Swift.

3. The act of plunging or dipping into a fluid; immersion. [Obs.] "Baptism by infusion." Jortin.

4. (Pharmacy) (a) The act or process of steeping or soaking any substance in water in order to extract its virtues. (b) The liquid extract obtained by this process.

Sips meek infusion of a milder herb.

Cowper.

In*fu"sion*ism (?), n. The doctrine that the soul is preexistent to the body, and is infused into it at conception or birth; -- opposed to traducianism and creationism.

In*fu"sive (?), a. Having the power of infusion; inspiring; influencing.

The infusive force of Spirit on man.

Thomson.

||In`fu*so"ri*a (?), n. pl. [NL.; -- so called because found in ||infusions which are left exposed to the air for a time. See Infuse.] ||(Zoöl.) One of the classes of Protozoa, including a large number of ||species, all of minute size. || They are found in all seas, lakes, ponds, and streams, as well as in infusions of organic matter exposed to the air. They are distinguished by having vibrating lashes or cilia, with which they obtain their food and swim about. They are devided into the orders Flagellata, Ciliata, and Tentaculifera. See these words in the Vocabulary.

Formely the term Infusoria was applied to all microscopic organisms found in water, including many minute plants, belonging to the diatoms, as well as minute animals belonging to various classes, as the Rotifera, which are worms; and the Rhizopoda, which constitute a distinct class of Protozoa. Fossil Infusoria are mostly the siliceous shells of diatoms; sometimes they are siliceous skeletons of Radiolaria, or the calcareous shells of Foraminifera.

In`fu*so"ri*al (?), a. (Zoöl.) Belonging to the Infusoria; composed of, or containing, Infusoria; as, infusorial earth.