Chapter 20

2. (Mach.) A pressure gauge; a water gauge, as for a steam boiler; an apparatus or instrument for showing the working of a machine or moving part; as: (a) (Steam Engine) An instrument which draws a diagram showing the varying pressure in the cylinder of an engine or pump at every point of the stroke. It consists of a small cylinder communicating with the engine cylinder and fitted with a piston which the varying pressure drives upward more or less against the resistance of a spring. A lever imparts motion to a pencil which traces the diagram on a card wrapped around a vertical drum which is turned back and forth by a string connected with the piston rod of the engine. See Indicator card (below). (b) A telltale connected with a hoisting machine, to show, at the surface, the position of the cage in the shaft of a mine, etc.

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3. (Mech.) The part of an instrument by which an effect is indicated, as an index or pointer.

4. (Zoöl.) Any bird of the genus Indicator and allied genera. See Honey guide, under Honey.

5. (Chem.) That which indicates the condition of acidity, alkalinity, or the deficiency, excess, or sufficiency of a standard reagent, by causing an appearance, disappearance, or change of color, as in titration or volumetric analysis.

The common indicators are litmus, tropæolin, phenol phthalein, potassic permanganate, etc.

Indicator card, the figure drawn by an engine indicator, by means of which the working of the engine can be investigated and its power calculated. The Illustration shows one form of indicator card, from a steam engine, together with scales by which the pressure of the steam above or below that of the atmosphere, corresponding to any position of the engine piston in its stroke, can be measured. Called also indicator diagram. - - Indicator telegraph, a telegraph in which the signals are the deflections of a magnetic needle, as in the trans- Atlantic system.

In"di*ca*to*ry (n"d*k*t*r; 277), a. Serving to show or make known; showing; indicative; signifying; implying.

In`di*ca"trix (?), n. [NL.] (Geom. of Three Dimensions) A certain conic section supposed to be drawn in the tangent plane to any surface, and used to determine the accidents of curvature of the surface at the point of contact. The curve is similar to the intersection of the surface with a parallel to the tangent plane and indefinitely near it. It is an ellipse when the curvature is synclastic, and an hyperbola when the curvature is anticlastic.

||In`di*ca"vit (?), n. [L., he has indicated.] (Eng. Law) A writ of ||prohibition against proceeding in the spiritual court in certain ||cases, when the suit belongs to the common-law courts. Wharton (Law ||Dict. ). || In"dice (?), n. [F. indice indication, index. See Index.] Index; indication. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

In"di*ces (?), n. pl. See Index.

||In*di"ci*a (?), n. pl. [L., pl. of indicium, fr. index an index.] ||(Law) Discriminating marks; signs; tokens; indications; appearances. ||Burrill. || In*dic"i*ble (?), a. [F.] Unspeakable. [Obs.]

In*dic"o*lite (?), n. [L. indicum indigo + -lite: cf. F. indicolithe.] (Min.) A variety of tourmaline of an indigo-blue color.

In*dict" (-dt"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Indicted (- dt"d); p. pr. & vb. n. Indicting.] [OE. enditen. See Indite.]

1. To write; to compose; to dictate; to indite. [Obs.]

2. To appoint publicly or by authority; to proclaim or announce. [Obs.]

I am told shall have no Lent indicted this year.

Evelyn.

3. (Law) To charge with a crime, in due form of law, by the finding or presentment of a grand jury; to find an indictment against; as, to indict a man for arson. It is the peculiar province of a grand jury to indict, as it is of a house of representatives to impeach.

In*dict"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being, or liable to be, indicted; subject to indictment; as, an indictable offender or offense.

In`dict*ee" (?), n. (Law) A person indicted.

In*dict"er (?), n. One who indicts.

In*dic"tion (?), n. [L. indictio: cf. F. indiction. See Indict, Indite.]

1. Declaration; proclamation; public notice or appointment. [Obs.] "Indiction of a war." Bacon.

Secular princes did use to indict, or permit the indiction of, synods of bishops.

Jer. Taylor.

2. A cycle of fifteen years.

This mode of reckoning time is said to have been introduced by Constantine the Great, in connection with the payment of tribute. It was adopted at various times by the Greek emperors of Constantinople, the popes, and the parliaments of France. Through the influence of the popes, it was extensively used in the ecclesiastical chronology of the Middle Ages. The number of indictions was reckoned at first from 312 a. d., but since the twelfth century it has been reckoned from the birth of Christ. The papal indiction is the only one ever used at the present day. To find the indiction and year of the indiction by the first method, subtract 312 from the given year a. d., and divide by 15; by the second method, add 3 to the given year a. d., and the divide by 15. In either case, the quotient is the number of the current indiction, and the remainder the year of the indiction. See Cycle of indiction, under Cycle.

In*dic"tive (?), a. [L. indictivus. See Indict.] Proclaimed; declared; public. Kennet.

In*dict"ment (?), n. [Cf. Inditement.]

1. The act of indicting, or the state of being indicted.

2. (Law) The formal statement of an offense, as framed by the prosecuting authority of the State, and found by the grand jury.

To the validity of an indictment a finding by the grand jury is essential, while an information rests only on presentation by the prosecuting authority.

3. An accusation in general; a formal accusation.

Bill of indictment. See under Bill.

In*dict"or (?), n. (Law) One who indicts. Bacon.

In"dies (?), n. pl. A name designating the East Indies, also the West Indies.

Our king has all the Indies in his arms.

Shak.

In*dif"fer*ence (?), n. [L. indifferentia similarity, want of difference: cf. F. indifférence.]

1. The quality or state of being indifferent, or not making a difference; want of sufficient importance to constitute a difference; absence of weight; insignificance.

2. Passableness; mediocrity.

3. Impartiality; freedom from prejudice, prepossession, or bias.

He . . . is far from such indifference and equity as ought and must be in judges which he saith I assign.

Sir T. More.

4. Absence of anxiety or interest in respect to what is presented to the mind; unconcernedness; as, entire indifference to all that occurs.

Indifference can not but be criminal, when it is conversant about objects which are so far from being of an indifferent nature, that they are highest importance.

Addison.

Syn. -- Carelessness; negligence; unconcern; apathy; insensibility; coldness; lukewarmness.

In*dif"fer*en*cy (?), n. Absence of interest in, or influence from, anything; unconcernedness; equilibrium; indifferentism; indifference. Gladstone.

To give ourselves to a detestable indifferency or neutrality in this cause.

Fuller.

Moral liberty . . . does not, after all, consist in a power of indifferency, or in a power of choosing without regard to motives.

Hazlitt.

In*dif"fer*ent (?), a. [F. indifférent, L. indifferens. See In- not, and Different.]

1. Not making a difference; having no influence or preponderating weight; involving no preference, concern, or attention; of no account; without significance or importance.

Dangers are to me indifferent.

Shak.

Everything in the world is indifferent but sin.

Jer. Taylor.

His slightest and most indifferent acts . . . were odious in the clergyman's sight.

Hawthorne.

2. Neither particularly good, not very bad; of a middle state or quality; passable; mediocre.

The staterooms are in indifferent order.

Sir W. Scott.

3. Not inclined to one side, party, or choice more than to another; neutral; impartial.

Indifferent in his choice to sleep or die.

Addison.

4. Feeling no interest, anxiety, or care, respecting anything; unconcerned; inattentive; apathetic; heedless; as, to be indifferent to the welfare of one's family.

It was a law of Solon, that any person who, in the civil commotions of the republic, remained neuter, or an indifferent spectator of the contending parties, should be condemned to perpetual banishment.

Addison.

5. (Law) Free from bias or prejudice; impartial; unbiased; disinterested.

In choice of committees for ripening business for the counsel, it is better to choose indifferent persons than to make an indifferency by putting in those that are strong on both sides.

Bacon.

Indifferent tissue (Anat.), the primitive, embryonic, undifferentiated tissue, before conversion into connective, muscular, nervous, or other definite tissue.

In*dif"fer*ent, adv. To a moderate degree; passably; tolerably. [Obs.] "News indifferent good." Shak.

In*dif"fer*ent*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. indifférentisme.]

1. State of indifference; want of interest or earnestness; especially, a systematic apathy regarding what is true or false in religion or philosophy; agnosticism.

The indifferentism which equalizes all religions and gives equal rights to truth and error.

Cardinal Manning.

2. (Metaph.) Same as Identism.

3. (R. C. Ch.) A heresy consisting in an unconcern for any particular creed, provided the morals be right and good. Gregory XVI.

In*dif"fer*ent*ist, n. One governed by indifferentism.

In*dif"fer*ent*ly, adv. In an indifferent manner; without distinction or preference; impartially; without concern, wish, affection, or aversion; tolerably; passably.

That they may truly and indifferently minister justice, to the punishment of wickedness and vice, and to the maintenance of thy true religion, and virtue.

Book of Com. Prayer [Eng. Ed. ]

Set honor in one eye and death i' the other, And I will look on both indifferently.

Shak.

I hope it may indifferently entertain your lordship at an unbending hour.

Rowe.

In`di*ful"vin (?), n. [Indican + L. fulvus reddish yellow.] (Chem.) A reddish resinous substance, obtained from indican.

In`di*fus"cin (?), n. [Indican + L. fuscus dusky.] (Chem.) A brown amorphous powder, obtained from indican.

In"di*geen (?), n. Same as Indigene. Darwin.

In"di*gence (?), n. [L. indigentia: cf. F. indigence. See Indigent.] The condition of being indigent; want of estate, or means of comfortable subsistence; penury; poverty; as, helpless indigence. Cowper.

Syn. -- Poverty; penury; destitution; want; need; privation; lack. See Poverty.

In"di*gen*cy (?), n. Indigence.

New indigencies founded upon new desires.

South.

In"di*gene (?), n. [L. indigena: cf. F. indigène. See Indigenous.] One born in a country; an aboriginal animal or plant; an autochthon. Evelyn. Tylor.

In*dig"e*nous (?), a. [L. indigenus, indigena, fr. OL. indu (fr. in in) + the root of L. gignere to beget, bear. See In, and Gender.]

1. Native; produced, growing, or living, naturally in a country or climate; not exotic; not imported.

Negroes were all transported from Africa and are not indigenous or proper natives of America.

Sir T. Browne.

In America, cotton, being indigenous, is cheap.

Lion Playas.

2. Native; inherent; innate.

Joy and hope are emotions indigenous to the human mind.

I. Taylor.

In"di*gent (?), a. [L. indigent, L. indigens, p. p. of indigere to stand in need of, fr. OL. indu (fr. in- in) + L. egere to be needy, to need.]

1. Wanting; void; free; destitute; -- used with of. [Obs.] Bacon.

2. Destitute of property or means of comfortable subsistence; needy; poor; in want; necessitous.

Indigent faint souls past corporal toil.

Shak.

Charity consists in relieving the indigent.

Addison.

In"di*gent*ly, adv. In an indigent manner.

In`di*gest" (?), a. [L. indigestus unarranged. See Indigested.] Crude; unformed; unorganized; undigested. [Obs.] "A chaos rude and indigest." W. Browne. "Monsters and things indigest." Shak.

In`di*gest", n. Something indigested. [Obs.] Shak.

In`di*gest"ed, a. [Pref. in- not + digested.]

1. Not digested; undigested. "Indigested food." Dryden.

2. Not resolved; not regularly disposed and arranged; not methodical; crude; as, an indigested array of facts.

In hot reformations . . . the whole is generally crude, harsh, and indigested.

Burke.

This, like an indigested meteor, appeared and disappeared almost at the same time.

South.

3. (Med.) (a) Not in a state suitable for healing; -- said of wounds. (b) Not ripened or suppurated; -- said of an abscess or its contents.

4. Not softened by heat, hot water, or steam.

In`di*gest"ed*ness, n. The state or quality of being undigested; crudeness. Bp. Burnet.

In*di*gest`i*bil"i*ty (?), n. The state or quality of being indigestible; indigestibleness.

In`di*gest"i*ble (?), a. [L. indigestibilis: cf. F. indigestible. See In- not, and Digest.]

1. Not digestible; not readily soluble in the digestive juices; not easily convertible into products fitted for absorption.

2. Not digestible in the mind; distressful; intolerable; as, an indigestible simile. T. Warton.

-- In`di*gest"i*ble*ness, n. -- In`di*gest"i*bly, adv.

In`di*ges"tion (?; 106), n. [L. indigestio: cf. F. indigestion. See In- not, and Digest.] Lack of proper digestive action; a failure of the normal changes which food should undergo in the alimentary canal; dyspepsia; incomplete or difficult digestion.

In*dig"i*tate (?), v. i. [Pref. in- in + L. digitus finger.] To communicate ideas by the fingers; to show or compute by the fingers. [Obs.]

In*dig"i*tate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Indigitated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Indigitating (?).] To point out with the finger; to indicate. [Obs.]

The depressing this finger, . . . in the right hand indigitates six hundred.

Sir T. Browne.

In*dig`i*ta"tion (?), n. The act of pointing out as with the finger; indication. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

In`di*glu"cin (?), n. [Indican + glucin.] (Chem.) The variety of sugar (glucose) obtained from the glucoside indican. It is unfermentable, but reduces Fehling's solution.

In*dign" (?), a. [L. indignus; pref. in- not + dignus worthy: cf. F. indigne. See Dignity.] Unworthy; undeserving; disgraceful; degrading. Chaucer.

Counts it scorn to draw Comfort indign from any meaner thing.

Trench.

{ In*dig"nance (?), In*dig"nan*cy (?), } n. Indignation. [Obs.] Spenser.

In*dig"nant (?), a. [L. indignans, -antis, p. pr. of indignari to be indignant, disdain. See Indign.] Affected with indignation; wrathful; passionate; irate; feeling wrath, as when a person is exasperated by unworthy or unjust treatment, by a mean action, or by a degrading accusation.

He strides indignant, and with haughty cries To single fight the fairy prince defies.

Tickell.

In*dig"nant*ly, adv. In an indignant manner.

In`dig*na"tion (?), n. [F. indignation, L. indignatio. See Indign.]

1. The feeling excited by that which is unworthy, base, or disgraceful; anger mingled with contempt, disgust, or abhorrence. Shak.

Indignation expresses a strong and elevated disapprobation of mind, which is also inspired by something flagitious in the conduct of another.

Cogan.

When Haman saw Mordecai in the king's gate, that he stood not up, nor moved for him, he was full of indignation against Mordecai.

Esther v. 9.

2. The effect of anger; punishment. Shak.

Hide thyself . . . until the indignation be overpast.

Is. xxvi. 20.

Syn. -- Anger; ire wrath; fury; rage. See Anger.

In*dig"ni*fy (?), v. t. [L. indignus unworthy + -fy.] To treat disdainfully or with indignity; to contemn. [Obs.] Spenser.

In*dig"ni*ty (?), n.; pl. Indignities (#). [L. indignitas: cf. F. indignité. See Indign.] Any action toward another which manifests contempt for him; an offense against personal dignity; unmerited contemptuous treatment; contumely; incivility or injury, accompanied with insult.

How might a prince of my great hopes forget So great indignities you laid upon me?

Shak.

A person of so great place and worth constrained to endure so foul indignities.

Hooker.

In*dign"ly (?), adv. Unworthily. [Obs.]

In"di*go (?), n.; pl. Indigoes (#). [F. indigo, Sp. indigo, indico, L. indicum indigo, fr. Indicus Indian. See Indian.]

1. A kind of deep blue, one of the seven prismatic colors.

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2. (Chem.) A blue dyestuff obtained from several plants belonging to very different genera and orders; as, the woad, Isatis tinctoria, Indigofera tinctoria, I. Anil, Nereum tinctorium, etc. It is a dark blue earthy substance, tasteless and odorless, with a copper-violet luster when rubbed. Indigo does not exist in the plants as such, but is obtained by decomposition of the glycoside indican.

Commercial indigo contains the essential coloring principle indigo blue or indigotine, with several other dyes; as, indigo red, indigo brown, etc., and various impurities. Indigo is insoluble in ordinary reagents, with the exception of strong sulphuric acid.

Chinese indigo (Bot.), Isatis indigotica, a kind of woad. -- Wild indigo (Bot.), the American herb Baptisia tinctoria which yields a poor quality of indigo, as do several other species of the same genus.

In"di*go (?), a. Having the color of, pertaining to, or derived from, indigo.

Indigo berry (Bot.), the fruit of the West Indian shrub Randia aculeata, used as a blue dye. -- Indigo bird (Zoöl.), a small North American finch (Cyanospiza cyanea). The male is indigo blue in color. Called also indigo bunting. -- Indigo blue. (a) The essential coloring material of commercial indigo, from which it is obtained as a dark blue earthy powder, with a reddish luster, C16H10N2O2, which may be crystallized by sublimation. Indigo blue is also made from artificial amido cinnamic acid, and from artificial isatine; and these methods are of great commercial importance. Called also indigotin. (b) A dark, dull blue color like the indigo of commerce. -- Indigo brown (Chem.), a brown resinous substance found in crude indigo. -- Indigo copper (Min.), covellite. -- Indigo green, a green obtained from indigo. -- Indigo plant (Bot.), a leguminous plant of several species (genus Indigofera), from which indigo is prepared. The different varieties are natives of Asia, Africa, and America. Several species are cultivated, of which the most important are the I. tinctoria, or common indigo plant, the I. Anil, a larger species, and the I. disperma. -- Indigo purple, a purple obtained from indigo. -- Indigo red, a dyestuff, isomeric with indigo blue, obtained from crude indigo as a dark brown amorphous powder. -- Indigo snake (Zoöl.), the gopher snake. -- Indigo white, a white crystalline powder obtained by reduction from indigo blue, and by oxidation easily changed back to it; -- called also indigogen. -- Indigo yellow, a substance obtained from indigo.

||In`di*gof"e*ra (?), n. [NL., from E. indigo + L. ferre to bear.] ||(Bot.) A genus of leguminous plants having many species, mostly in ||tropical countries, several of them yielding indigo, esp. Indigofera ||tinctoria, and I. Anil. || In"di*go*gen (?), n. [Indigo + -gen.]

1. (Chem.) See Indigo white, under Indigo.

2. (Physiol. Chem.) Same as Indican, 2.

In`di*gom"e*ter (?), n. [Indigo + -meter.] An instrument for ascertaining the strength of an indigo solution, as in volumetric analysis. Ure.

In`di*gom"e*try (?), n. The art or method of determining the coloring power of indigo.

In`di*got"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. indigotique.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, indigo; as, indigotic acid, which is also called anilic or nitrosalicylic acid.

In"di*go*tin (?), n. (Chem.) See Indigo blue, under Indigo.

In`dig*ru"bin (?), n. [Indigo + L. ruber red.] (Physiol. Chem.) Same as Urrhodin.

In`di*hu"min (?), n. [Indican + humin.] (Chem.) A brown amorphous substance resembling humin, and obtained from indican.

In*dil"a*to*ry (?), a. Not dilatory. [Obs.]

In*dil"i*gence (?), n. [L. indiligentia: cf. F. indiligence.] Want of diligence. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

In*dil"i*gent (?), a. [L. indiligens: cf. F. indiligent. See Diligent.] Not diligent; idle; slothful. [Obs.] Feltham. -- In*dil"i*gent*ly, adv. [Obs.]

In`di*min"ish*a*ble (?), a. Incapable of being diminished. [R.] Milton.

In"din (?), n. [From Indigo.] (Chem.) A dark red crystalline substance, isomeric with and resembling indigo blue, and obtained from isatide and dioxindol.

In`di*rect" (?), a. [Pref. in- not + direct: cf. F. indirect.]

1. Not direct; not straight or rectilinear; deviating from a direct line or course; circuitous; as, an indirect road.

2. Not tending to an aim, purpose, or result by the plainest course, or by obvious means, but obliquely or consequentially; by remote means; as, an indirect accusation, attack, answer, or proposal.

By what bypaths and indirect, crooked ways I met this crown.

Shak.

3. Not straightforward or upright; unfair; dishonest; tending to mislead or deceive.

Indirect dealing will be discovered one time or other.

Tillotson.

4. Not resulting directly from an act or cause, but more or less remotely connected with or growing out of it; as, indirect results, damages, or claims.

5. (Logic & Math.) Not reaching the end aimed at by the most plain and direct method; as, an indirect proof, demonstration, etc.

Indirect claims, claims for remote or consequential damage. Such claims were presented to and thrown out by the commissioners who arbitrated the damage inflicted on the United States by the Confederate States cruisers built and supplied by Great Britain. -- Indirect demonstration, a mode of demonstration in which proof is given by showing that any other supposition involves an absurdity (reductio ad absurdum), or an impossibility; thus, one quantity may be proved equal to another by showing that it can be neither greater nor less. -- Indirect discourse. (Gram.) See Direct discourse, under Direct. -- Indirect evidence, evidence or testimony which is circumstantial or inferential, but without witness; -- opposed to direct evidence. -- Indirect tax, a tax, such as customs, excises, etc., exacted directly from the merchant, but paid indirectly by the consumer in the higher price demanded for the articles of merchandise.

In`di*rect"ed, a. Not directed; aimless. [Obs.]

In`di*rec"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. indirection.] Oblique course or means; dishonest practices; indirectness. "By indirections find directions out." Shak.

In`di*rect"ly (?), adv. In an direct manner; not in a straight line or course; not in express terms; obliquely; not by direct means; hence, unfairly; wrongly.

To tax it indirectly by taxing their expense.

A. Smith.

Your crown and kingdom indirectly held.

Shak.

In`di*rect"ness, n. 1. The quality or state of being indirect; obliquity; deviousness; crookedness.

2. Deviation from an upright or straightforward course; unfairness; dishonesty. W. Montagu.

In`di*re"tin (?), n. [Indian + Gr. &?; resin.] (Chem.) A dark brown resinous substance obtained from indican.

In`di*ru"bin (?), n. [Indigo + L. ruber red.] (Chem.) A substance isomeric with, and resembling, indigo blue, and accompanying it as a side product, in its artificial production.

In`dis*cern"i*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + discernible: cf. F. indiscernable.] Not to be discerned; imperceptible; not discoverable or visible.

Secret and indiscernible ways.

Jer. Taylor.

-- In`dis*cern"i*ble*ness, n. -- In`dis*cern"i*bly, adv.

{ In`dis*cerp`i*bil"i*ty (?), In`dis*cerp`ti*bil"i*ty (?) }, n. The state or quality of being indiscerpible. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

{ In`dis*cerp"i*ble (?), In`dis*cerp"ti*ble (?) }, a. Not discerpible; inseparable. [Obs.] Bp. Butler. -- In`dis*cerp"i*ble*ness, n., In`dis*cerp"ti*ble*ness, n. [Obs.] -- In`dis*cerp"ti*bly, adv. [Obs.]

In*dis"ci*plin*a*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + disciplinable: cf. F. indisciplinable.] Not disciplinable; undisciplinable. [R.]

In*dis"ci*pline (?), n. [L. indisplina: cf. F. indiscipline. See In- not, and Discipline.] Want of discipline or instruction. [R.]

In`dis*cov"er*a*ble (?), a. Not discoverable; undiscoverable. J. Conybeare.